SMC Podrecznik - cz2

6SUĊĪDUNLLG\VWU\EXFMDVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]D
7UDLQLQJ
:\PDJDQLDGODXNáDGXSQHXPDW\F]QHJR
.LHG\ZSU]HP\ĞOHMHVWPRZDRRV]F]ĊGQRĞFLNRV]WyZZVHNWRU]HHQHUJHW\F]Q\P]Z\NOH
P\ĞOLVLĊRNRV]WDFKHQHUJLLHOHNWU\F]QHM$OHZVLHFLVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]DPRĪQDUyZQLHĪ
X]\VNDü]QDF]QHRV]F]ĊGQRĞFLJG\ZSURMHNWRZDQLXXZ]JOĊGQLVLĊQDVWĊSXMąFHZ\W\F]QH
3U]HZRG\ SQHXPDW\F]QH SRZLQQ\ E\ü WDN NUyWNLH MDN WR W\ONR PRĪOLZH L SURZDG]Lü
PRĪOLZLHEH]SRĞUHGQLRGRRGELRUQLND=DJLĊFLDSU]HZRGyZRPDá\PSURPLHQLXSRZR
GXMąEDUG]RGXĪ\RSyUSRZRGXMąF]XĪ\FLHGRGDWNRZHMHQHUJLL
ĝUHGQLFD SU]HZRGX GRSURZDG]DMąFHJR VSUĊĪRQH SRZLHWU]H PD EH]SRĞUHGQL ZSá\Z

QDZ\GDMQRĞüSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKVLáRZQLNyZLQDSĊGyZ:LĊNV]DĞUHGQLFDSU]HZRGyZ
SRZRGXMHSU]HSá\ZZLĊNV]HMREMĊWRĞFLSRZLHWU]DLSRSUDZLDGRNáDGQRĞüUHJXODFMLSUĊG
NRĞFLQDSĊGyZSQHXPDW\F]Q\FK$OH]GUXJLHMVWURQ\]E\WGXĪDSRMHPQRĞüSU]HZRGX
PRĪHZ\GáXĪDüF]DV\F\NOLSUDF\
1LHV]F]HOQRĞFLZSU]HZRG]LHG\VWU\EXF\MQ\PVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]DSRGQRV]ąNRV]W\
HNVSORDWDFML5HJXODUQHNRQWUROHLNRQVHUZDFMHZV]\VWNLFKHOHPHQWyZV\VWHPXG\VWU\
EXFML SRZLHWU]D SR]ZDODMą QD XQLNQLĊFLH VWUDW SRZRGRZDQ\FK SU]H] Z\FLHNL VSUĊĪR
QHJRSRZLHWU]D]SU]HZRGyZ3RQLĪHMSU]HGVWDZLRQRSU]\NáDGRZHNRV]W\SRQRV]RQH
QD Z\SURGXNRZDQLH VSUĊĪRQHJR SRZLHWU]D WUDFRQHJR Z QLHV]F]HOQHM LQVWDODFML SU]\
]DáRĪHQLXNRV]WyZHQHUJLL]áN:K
ĝUHGQLFDRWZRUX ,ORĞüZ\FLHNDMąFHJR 6WUDW\

SRZLHWU]DZ1PPLQSU]\
:LHONRĞüZVWRVXQNX PP FLĞQLHQLX03D (QHUJLD>N:K@ .RV]W\>]áURN@

5\V :DUWRĞFLLQIRUPDF\MQHLORĞFLLFHQ\Z\FLHNyZVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]D]SRZRGXQLHV]F]HO
QRĞFLZSU]HZRG]LHG\VWU\EXF\MQ\P
&LĞQLHQLH Z VLHFL VSUĊĪRQHJR SRZLHWU]D QDOHĪ\ XWU]\P\ZDü QD PRĪOLZLH QDMQLĪV]\P

GRSXV]F]DOQ\PSR]LRPLH=ZLĊNV]HQLHFLĞQLHQLDVSUĊĪDUNLR03DZ\PDJDSRGQLH
VLHQLDZ\GDMQRĞFLVSUĊĪDUNLR:LĊNV]HFLĞQLHQLHZUXURFLąJXMHVWUyZQR]QDF]QH
]ZLĊNV]\PLVWUDWDPLZZ\QLNXQLHV]F]HOQRĞFL

7UDLQLQJ
8VWDOHQLHZ\PLDUyZUXURFLąJXVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]D
5XURFLąJVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]DSRZLHWU]DSRFKáDQLDQDMZLĊNV]ąF]ĊĞüQDNáDGyZQDVLHü
G\VWU\EXF\MQą -HĪHOL ]RVWDQLH Z\EUDQD PQLHMV]D ĞUHGQLFD UXU ZyZF]DV NRV]W\ ]DNXSX
EĊGąQLĪV]HDOH]DWRZ]URVQąNRV]W\HNVSORDWDF\MQH]HZ]JOĊGXQDGXĪHVWUDW\FLĞQLHQLD
:\GDWNLQDPRQWDĪUyĪQLąVLĊQLH]QDF]QLHZ]DOHĪQRĞFLRGĞUHGQLF\]DVWRVRZDQHJRSU]H
ZRGX&HQDPRQWDĪXSU]HZRGXUXURZHJRRĞUHGQLF\PPQLHUyĪQLVLĊ]DVDGQLF]RRG
FHQ\PRQWDĪXSU]HZRGXUXURZHJRRĞUHGQLF\PPQDWRPLDVWZ\GDMQRĞüWUDQVSRUWRZD
UXU\PLOLPHWURZHMMHVWNURWQLHZLĊNV]DRGUXU\PLOLPHWURZHM
6SRVyEG\VWU\EXFMLVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]DXNáDGOLQLRZ\OXENRáRZ\QLHPDZSá\ZXQDREOL

F]HQLHGáXJRĞFLLĞUHGQLF\SU]HZRGXUXURZHJR
5\V 1RPRJUDPGRRNUHĞOHQLDĞUHGQLF\SU]HZRGXUXURZHJRGRG\VWU\EXFMLVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]D

7UDLQLQJ
:HZQĊWU]Qą ĞUHGQLFĊ JáyZQHJR SU]HZRGX UXURZHJR L UR]JDáĊ]LHQLD QDOHĪ\ RGQLHĞü

GR SUĊGNRĞFL SU]HSá\ZX VWUXPLHQLD SRZLHWU]D NWyUD QLH SRZLQQD SU]HNUDF]Dü ZDUWR
ĞFLY PV3U]HFLĊWQHZ\PLDU\RGJDáĊ]LHĔRFLĞQLHQLXURERF]\PS 03DLNLONX
PHWUDFK GáXJRĞFL PRĪQD RGQLHĞü GR SUĊGNRĞFL Y PV 6WUDWD FLĞQLHQLD Z SU]HZR
G]LH UXURZ\P QD GURG]H PLĊG]\ VSUĊĪDUNą D NRĔFHP RVWDWQLHJR RGJDáĊ]LHQLD SRZLQQD
Z\QRVLüQDMZ\ĪHMNLONDVHWQ\FK03D1RPRJUDPQDU\VSRZLQLHQXáDWZLüRNUHĞOH
QLHNRQLHF]QHMĞUHGQLF\
3U]\NáDG
3URV]Ċ RNUHĞOLü ZHZQĊWU]Qą ĞUHGQLFĊ SU]HZRGX UXURZHJR 6WUXPLHĔ REMĊWRĞFL SRZLHWU]D

4 1OPLQ 1PVVWUDW\FLĞQLHQLD03D N3DSU]\GáXJRĞFL/
PLSU]HFLĊWQ\PFLĞQLHQLXSDQXMąF\PZSU]HZRG]LHUXURZ\PS 03D
6WUDW\FLĞQLHQLDQDPGáXJRĞFLSU]HZRGXZ\QRV]ąǻS N3DP N3DP
1D QRPRJUDPLH QD U\V SU]HSURZDG]DP\ OLQLĊ SURVWą SU]HFKRG]ąFD SU]H] SXQNW\
RGSRZLDGDMąFHFLĞQLHQLX03DRUD]VSDGNRZLFLĞQLHQLDN3DPGRSU]HFLĊFLDOLQLL
UHIHUHQF\MQHM3XQNWSU]HFLĊFLD;]OLQLąUHIHUHQF\MQąáąF]\P\]SXQNWHPRGSRZLDGDMąF\P
SU]HSá\ZRZL1PVOLQLĊSURVWąSU]HFKRG]ąFąSU]H]WHSXQNW\SURZDG]LP\GDOHMGRRVL
ĞUHGQLFUXU\QDNWyUHMPRĪHP\RGF]\WDüZDUWRĞüPPVWDQRZLąFąZ\PDJDQąPLQLPDOQą
ĞUHGQLFĊSU]HZRGXUXURZHJR5XUDVWDORZDJZLQWRZDQD¶¶PDZHZQĊWU]QąĞUHGQLFĊ
PP]JRGQLH]31+LVSHáQLDZ\PDJDQLD]QLHZLHONąUH]HUZą
.RODQND ]áąF]NL WUyMQLNL L LQQH DUPDWXU\ SRZRGXMą RSyU SU]HSá\ZX 'OD REOLF]HQLD RSRUX
FDáNRZLWHJRPRĪQD]DVWąSLüRSRU\SRV]F]HJyOQ\FKHOHPHQWRZDUPDWXU\Z]JOĊGQąGáXJR
ĞFLąSU]HZRGXUXURZHJR7DEHODSRGDMHGDQHQDMF]ĊĞFLHMVWRVRZDQ\FKDUPDWXUL]áą
F]HNUXURZ\FK

5\V 2SRU\HOHPHQWyZDUPDWXU\L]áąF]HN]DVWąSLRQHZ]JOĊGQąGáXJRĞFLąSU]HZRGXUXURZHJR

7UDLQLQJ
3U]\NáDG
3U]HZyGUXURZ\Z\PLHQLRQ\ZSU]\NáDG]LH]RVWDMHX]XSHáQLRQ\RQDVWĊSXMąFHHOHPHQW\
DUPDWXU\ L ]áąF]NL F]WHU\ ]DJLĊFLD R V]HĞü RGJDáĊ]LHĔ Z SRVWDFL WUyMQLNyZ L F]WHU\
]DZRU\RGFLQDMąFH3URV]ĊVSUDZG]LüQDLOHĞUHGQLFDPPPRĪHE\ü]DDNFHSWRZDQDGOD
WHJRSU]HZRGXUXURZHJR
:WDEHOL]QDMGXMHP\ZNROXPQLHGODĞUHGQLF\PPQDVWĊSXMąFHZ]JOĊGQHGáXJRĞFL
SU]HZRGXUXURZHJR
=DJLĊFLHR [P P
2GJDáĊ]LHQLH7 [P P
=DZyURGFLQDMąF\ [P P
àąF]QLH /C PaP
2SRU\HOHPHQWyZDUPDWXU\L]áąF]HNVąUyZQHRSRURZLPSU]HZRGXRSRGDQHMĞUHG
QLF\ZHZQĊWU]QHM
2EOLF]DQDGáXJRĞüSU]HZRGX/Y //C PP P
LVWUDW\FLĞQLHQLDQDPGáXJRĞFLSU]HZRGX
ǻS N3DP N3DP
3R VSUDZG]HQLX SU]HSURZDG]RQ\P SU]\ ]DVWRVRZDQLX QRPRJUDPX ] U\V VWZLHU

G]DP\ ĪH Z\EUDQ\ SU]HZyG R ĞUHGQLF\ ZHZQĊWU]QHM PP VSHáQLD Z\PDJDQLD ] SU]\
NáDGX'ODXVWDOHQLDĞUHGQLF\SU]HZRGXUXURZHJR]DOHFDVLĊXZ]JOĊGQLHQLHHZHQWXDOQHJR
]ZLĊNV]HQLDRGELRUXVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]DSRQLHZDĪMHVWPRĪOLZH]ZLĊNV]HQLHSURGXNFML
SU]H]GRGDQLHGRHNVSORDWDFMLNROHMQ\FKPDV]\Q

7UDLQLQJ
(NZLZDOHQWQDSRZLHU]FKQLDSU]HORWXSU]HZRGyZ
UXU\JLĊWNLHSU]HZRG\RPQLHMV]\FKĞUHGQLFDFK
(NZLZDOHQWQDSRZLHU]FKQLDSU]HORWXSU]HZRGyZVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]DRĞUHGQLF\GRPP
MHVW RNUHĞODQD Z ZLĊNV]RĞFL SU]\SDGNyZ ]D SRPRFą RGSRZLHGQLHJR Z\NUHVX :DUWRĞFL
HNZLZDOHQWQHMSRZLHU]FKQLSU]HORWXZV]\VWNLFKLQQ\FKHOHPHQWyZ]áąF]HNZW\NRZ\FKĞUX
EXQNyZLWGVąZ\PLHQLRQHZNDWDORJDFK'ODSU]HZRGyZ]WZRU]\ZDV]WXF]QHJRZ]DOHĪ
QRĞFL RG LFK GáXJRĞFL ZDUWRĞFL HNZLZDOHQWQHM SRZLHU]FKQL SU]HORWX PRĪQD RGF]\WDü QD
Z\NUHVLHQDU\V
ĞUHGQLFHZHZQĊWU]QH
5\V (NZLZDOHQWQDSRZLHU]FKQLDSU]HORWX6PPSU]HZRGyZ]WZRU]\ZV]WXF]Q\FK:\

WáXV]F]RQHZDUWRĞFLQDGNU]\Z\PLSRGDMąZHZQĊWU]QąĞUHGQLFĊGDQHJRSU]HZRGX
8ZDJD 'ODSU]HOLF]DQLDHNZLZDOHQWQHMSRZLHU]FKQLSU]HORWX6>PP@QDSU]HSá\Z
4>1OPLQ@QDOHĪ\VWRVRZDüUyZQDQLH4 [6SDWU]U\V

7UDLQLQJ
(NZLZDOHQWQDSRZLHU]FKQLDSU]HORWXXNáDGXSQHXPDW\F]QHJR
'R X]\VNDQLD RSW\PDOQHM SUĊGNRĞFL QDSĊGX SQHXPDW\F]QHJR VLáRZQLND QDSĊGX REUR
WRZHJR PXVL E\ü ]DSHZQLRQD RGSRZLHGQLD LORĞü SRZLHWU]D NWyUH EĊG]LH ]DVLODü QDSĊG
]RNUHĞORQ\PFLĞQLHQLHP=WHJRSRZRGXHNZLZDOHQWQDSRZLHU]FKQLDSU]HORWX6XNáDGX
SQHXPDW\F]QHJRPXVLRGSRZLDGDüZ\PDJDQHPXSU]HSá\ZRZLSRZLHWU]DSDWU]U\V
,VWQLHMąGZLHPHWRG\RNUHĞODQLDHNZLZDOHQWQHMSRZLHU]FKQLSU]HORWXXNáDGX
0HWRGD HPSLU\F]QD RSDUWD QD SRVLDGDQ\P GRĞZLDGF]HQLX L VSUDZG]RQD Z SUDNW\FH

SRPLDUHOHPHQWyZ]DVWRVRZDQ\FKZXNáDG]LH
0HWRGDPDWHPDW\F]QDHNZLZDOHQWQąSRZLHU]FKQLĊSU]HORWXXNáDGXREOLF]DVLĊZSU]\
EOLĪHQLXQDSRGVWDZLHGDQ\FK]DVWRVRZDQ\FKHOHPHQWyZ
:PHWRG]LHPDWHPDW\F]QHMNDĪG\]DVWRVRZDQ\HOHPHQWSU]H]NWyU\SRGF]DVSUDF\XNáDGX
SU]HSá\ZDVSUĊĪRQHSRZLHWU]HPDVZRMąF]ąVWNRZąHNZLZDOHQWQąSRZLHU]FKQLĊSU]H
ORWX67HHOHPHQW\VąZSUDNW\FHXPLHV]F]RQHV]HUHJRZRMHGHQ]DGUXJLP:\QLNLHP
WDNLHJRV]HUHJRZHJRUR]PLHV]F]HQLDMHVWRJyOQDHNZLZDOHQWQDSRZLHU]FKQLDSU]HORWX
XNáDGXȈ6REOLF]DQDQDSRGVWDZLHQDVWĊSXMąFHJRZ]RUX
1DU\VSU]HGVWDZLRQR]DOHĪQRĞFLPLĊG]\RJyOQąSRZLHU]FKQLąSU]HORWXXNáDGXDF]ąVW
NRZ\PLSRZLHU]FKQLDPLSU]HORWXSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKHOHPHQWyZ
5\V *UD¿F]QHSU]HGVWDZLHQLHZ\PLHQLRQHJRZ\ĪHMZ]RUX
=DXZDĪP\ĪHQDMPQLHMV]DZDUWRĞüHNZLZDOHQWQHMSRZLHU]FKQLSU]HORWXHOHPHQWXRNUHĞOD
ZLHONRĞüSU]HSá\ZXVWUXPLHQLDSRZLHWU]DSU]H]FDá\XNáDG
6WUDW\ WHUPRG\QDPLF]QH NRPSHQVRZDQH SU]H] SRPQRĪHQLH Z\QLNX SU]H] ZVSyáF]\QQLN

NRUHNFMLREMĊWRĞFL.4 VąQLHPRĪOLZHGRXQLNQLĊFLD:VSyáF]\QQLNWHQMHVWZDUWRĞFLą
SU]HFLĊWQą

7UDLQLQJ
,OXVWU 2GG]LDá\ZDQLHPLQLPDOQHMZDUWRĞFLSU]HNURMXZ]JOĊGQHJR6PLQQDRJyOQ\SU]HNUyM
Z]JOĊGQ\Ȉ6
'áXJRĞüSU]HZRGXPLĊG]\]DZRUHPDQDSĊGHPSQHXPDW\F]Q\P
0DNV\PDOQąGáXJRĞüSU]HZRGXPLĊG]\]DZRUHPDQDSĊGHPSQHXPDW\F]Q\PRNUHĞODVLĊ
QDSRGVWDZLHQDVWĊSXMąFHJRZ]RUX
9 9[
9 ± SRMHPQRĞüSU]HZRGX
9 ± SRMHPQRĞüQDSĊGXSU]\FLĞQLHQLXDWPRVIHU\F]Q\P
± ZVSyáF]\QQLNNRUHNFML
3U]\NáDG
'DQH VLáRZQLNSQHXPDW\F]Q\ĞUHGQLFD PPVNRN PP
FLĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]D S 03D
ZHZQĊWU]QDĞUHGQLFDSU]HZRGX GK PP
6]XNDQH PDNV\PDOQDGRSXV]F]DOQDGáXJRĞüSU]HZRGX /K "
5R]ZLą]DQLH
3RMHPQRĞüVLáRZQLND 9 '[Ȇ[+
9 [Ȇ[ §PP
'RVLáRZQLNDMHVWGRSURZDG]DQHSRZLHWU]HRFLĞQLHQLXS 03D
]WHJRZ]JOĊGXREOLF]RQDSRMHPQRĞüPXVL]RVWDüVNRU\JRZDQD

9 [ §PP

3RMHPQRĞüSU]HZRGX 9 9[ [§PP
9 GK[Ȇ[/K
6WąGZ\QLNDQDVWĊSXMąFDPDNV\PDOQDGRSXV]F]DOQDGáXJRĞüSU]HZRGX
9[ [
/K §PP
GK[Ȇ [Ȇ

7UDLQLQJ
=áąF]D]QDNUĊWNDPLL]áąF]DZW\NRZH]SU]HZRGDPL
7DEHOD SRGDMH SU]HNURMH Z]JOĊGQH Ä6³ SU]HZRGyZ ] WZRU]\Z V]WXF]Q\FK ]áąF]
] QDNUĊWNDPL ]áąF] ZW\NRZ\FK L NRPELQDFML ]áRĪRQ\FK ] GZyFK HOHPHQWyZ áąF]ąF\FK
]SU]HZRGDPL
0DWHULDá 'áXJRĞüSU]HZRGX 7\S]áąF]D

SU]HZRGX 1 Q\ORQ ]QDNUĊWNą]DFLVNRZą ]áąF]HZW\NRZH
PP 8 SROLXUHWDQ SURVWH NąWRZH SURVWH NąWRZH
Ȉ6±FDáNRZLW\HNZLZDOHQWQ\SU]HNUyMSU]HORWXSU]HZRGXRGáXJRĞFLPLGZyFKSURVW\FK
]áąF]]QDNUĊWNą]áąF]ZW\NRZ\FK
7DE (NZLZDOHQWQ\SU]HNUyMSU]HORWXÄ6³VWRVRZDQHMNRPELQDFMLSU]HZRGyZL]áąF]HN

7UDLQLQJ
=DZRU\LVLáRZQLNLSQHXPDW\F]QH
6LáRZQLN SQHXPDW\F]Q\ OXE QDSĊG REURWRZ\ PRĪH RVLąJQąü ĪąGDQą SUĊGNRĞü URERF]ą
W\ONRSRGZDUXQNLHPĪHMHVWGRQLHJRGRSURZDG]DQDLORĞüSRZLHWU]DRGSRZLDGDMąFDQDSHá
QLHQLXMHJRSRMHPQRĞFLZF]DVLHZ\QLNDMąF\P]MHJRSUĊGNRĞFLUXFKX-HĪHOL]QDP\Z\PD
JDQąLORĞüSRZLHWU]DZ\ELHUDP\RGSRZLHGQL]DZyU'ODSU]HSá\ZDMąFHMSU]H]]DZyUREMĊ
WRĞFL SRZLHWU]D GHF\GXMąFH Vą PLĊG]\ LQQ\PL WDNĪH VWUDW\ FLĞQLHQLD WR ]QDF]\ FLĞQLHQLH
SRZLHWU]DQDZHMĞFLXGR]DZRUXRUD]QDMHJRZ\MĞFLXVSDGHNFLĞQLHQLD$E\GR]DZRUX
SU]H]]áąF]HLSU]HZyGGRVWDáDVLĊZ\PDJDQDLORĞüSRZLHWU]DNRQLHF]Q\MHVWZ\EyUSU]\
]DVWRVRZDQLX U\V GR NDQDáX SU]HSá\ZRZHJR R RGSRZLHGQLP HNZLZDOHQWQ\P
SU]HNURMXSU]HORWXȈ6]DZyU±]áąF]H±SU]HZyG±]DZyUGáDZLąFR]ZURWQ\±QDSĊGOXE
]DZyU±]áąF]H±SU]HZyG±]áąF]H±QDSĊG
:\PLHQLRQHZWDEHOLFDáNRZLWHHNZLZDOHQWQHSU]HNURMHSU]HORWXRGSRZLDGDMąFLĞQLHQLX
URERF]HPXS 03DLVWUDWRPFLĞQLHQLDSU]HGZHMĞFLHPGRVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJR
ǻS 03D:ZDUWRĞFLDFKW\FKMHVWUyZQLHĪ]DZDUWDNRUHNWDVWUDWWHUPRG\QDPLF]Q\FK
7DE (NZLZDOHQWQ\SU]HNUyMSU]HORWX6PPSRWU]HEQ\GRX]\VNDQLDSUĊGNRĞFLWáRNDVLáRZQL

NDSU]\FLĞQLHQLXURERF]\PS 03DLVSDGNXFLĞQLHQLDǻS 03D
1LH MHVW PRĪOLZH X]\VNDQLH SUĊGNRĞFL WáRND VLáRZQLND SQHXPDW\F]QHJR Z\PLHQLRQ\FK

Z V]DUHM NROXPQLH WDEHOL SU]\ ]DVWRVRZDQLX ]DZRUyZ .RQLHF]QH MHVW ]DVWRVRZDQLH
GZyFK]DZRUyZRHNZLZDOHQWQHMSRZLHU]FKQLSU]HORWX6SU]HSá\ZLH4

7UDLQLQJ
3U]\LQQ\PFLĞQLHQLXURERF]\PSLVSDGNXFLĞQLHQLDǻSQDOHĪ\SRPQRĪ\üZDUWRĞFL]WDEHOL
SU]H]ZVSyáF]\QQLNNRUHNFMLÄFI³]Z\NUHVXQDU\V
03D
03D
5\V :VSyáF]\QQLNNRUHNFMLÄFI³ZDUWRĞFLȈ6GODFLĞQLHQLDUyĪQLąFHJRVLĊRGZDUWRĞFLZ\PLH
QLRQ\FKZWDEHOL

7UDLQLQJ
3U]\NáDG
6LáRZQLNSQHXPDW\F]Q\RĞUHGQLF\' PPLVNRNX+ PPSUDFXMH]SUĊGNRĞFLą

WáRNDY PPV&LĞQLHQLHURERF]HZ\QRVLS 03DVWUDW\FLĞQLHQLDǻS 03D
-DNLPXVLE\üHNZLZDOHQWQ\SU]HNUyMSU]HORWXXNáDGX]DVLODMąFHJRȈ6LMDNDPXVLE\üĞUHG
QLFDSU]HZRGXGRSURZDG]DMąFHJRSRZLHWU]H"
= WDEHOL PRĪHP\ RGF]\WDü GOD GDQHM ĞUHGQLF\ VLáRZQLND L SUĊGNRĞFL HNZLZDOHQWQ\
SU]HNUyMSU]HORWXXNáDGXȈ6 PP1DSRGVWDZLHWDEHOLVWZLHUG]DP\ĪHDE\X]\
VNDüZ\PDJDQąSUĊGNRĞüPRĪHP\]DVWRVRZDüSU]HZRG\Q\ORQRZH[PPRGáXJRĞFL
PLGZLHSURVWH]áąF]NLZW\NRZH
3U]\NáDG
7áRF]\VNRVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRRĞUHGQLF\' PPSRZLQQRSRUXV]DüVLĊ]SUĊGNR
ĞFLąY PPV&LĞQLHQLHURERF]HZSU]HZRG]LH]DVLDODMąF\PZ\QRVLS 03DPDN
V\PDOQHGRSXV]F]DOQHVWUDW\FLĞQLHQLDPRJąZ\QRVLüǻS 03DDE\QDSRZLHU]FKQLĊ
WáRNDG]LDáDáRFLĞQLHQLHXĪ\WHF]QHSC 03D
:WDEHOL]QDMGXMHP\GODGDQHMĞUHGQLF\VLáRZQLNDLSUĊGNRĞFLHNZLZDOHQWQ\SU]HNUyM
SU]HORWXXNáDGXȈ6 PP7ĊZDUWRĞüQDOHĪ\VNRU\JRZDüSRQLHZDĪFLĞQLHQLHURER
F]HZ\QRVLS 03DLVWUDW\FLĞQLHQLDǻS 03D1DZ\NUHVLHQDU\VPRĪHP\
RGF]\WDüQDSR]LRPHMRVLZDUWRĞüǻS 03DLNLHG\SRVXZDP\VLĊNXJyU]HZNLHUXQNX
NU]\ZHMGRFKRG]LP\GRFLĞQLHQLDS 03D=SXQNWXSU]HFLĊFLDSURZDG]LP\SR]LRPą
OLQLĊLRGF]\WXMHP\ZSXQNFLHSU]HFLĊFLDVLĊWHMOLQLL]RVLąSLRQRZąZDUWRĞüZVSyáF]\QQLND
NRUHNFMLFI
:\PDJDQ\ HNZLZDOHQWQ\ SU]HNUyM SU]HORWX XNáDGX ]DZyU ± ]áąF]H ± SU]HZyG ± ]áąF]H

SRZLQLHQZ\QRVLü
Ȉ6C PP[ PP
(NZLZDOHQWQ\ SU]HNUyM SU]HORWX ]DZRUX 6 PXVL RGSRZLDGDü FR QDMPQLHM WHM ZDUWRĞFL 'OD
GRSURZDG]HQLD SRZLHWU]D XĪ\MHP\ QD SRGVWDZLH WDEHOL DOER PHWURZHJR SU]H
ZRGX SROLXUHWDQRZHJR [ L GZyFK SURVW\FK ]áąF]HN ZW\NRZ\FK DOER PHWURZHJR
SU]HZRGXQ\ORQRZHJR[LGZyFK]áąF]HN]QDNUĊWNDPL

7UDLQLQJ
5XU\LSU]HZRG\GRG\VWU\EXFMLSRZLHWU]D
5XU\JZLQWRZDQH
'REXGRZ\UXURFLąJyZVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]DGRĞUHGQLF\PP´XĪ\ZDVLĊEH]V]ZR
Z\FKVWDORZ\FKUXUJZLQWRZDQ\FKF]HUQLRQ\FKOXESRNU\ZDQ\FKJDOZDQLF]QLHLHOHPHQ
WyZ ]áąF]Q\FK RRGSRZLHGQLPNV]WDáFLH JZLQWRZDQ\FK QDMF]ĊĞFLHM ] FLąJOLZHJR ĪHOLZD
5XURFLąJLZ]DNUHVLHSRZ\ĪHMPP´VąZ\NRQ\ZDQHQDMF]ĊĞFLHM]EH]V]ZRZ\FK
UXU VWDORZ\FK áąF]RQ\FK NRáQLHU]RZR -HVW WR EDUG]LHM HNRQRPLF]QH QLĪ QDFLQDQLH JZLQ
WyZQDUXUDFKRGXĪHMĞUHGQLF\:\ND]EH]V]ZRZ\FKVWDORZ\FKUXUJZLQWRZDQ\FK]JRGQLH
]QRUPą31+SRGDMHSRQLĪV]DWDEHOD
3U]HĞZLWUXU\ ĝUHGQLFD *UXERĞü 0DVD

]HZQĊWU]QD
>PP@ >FDOH@ >PP@ ĞFLDQNL>PP@ >NJP@
7DE 5XU\VWDORZHEH]V]ZRZHJZLQWRZDQH]JRGQLH]QRUPą31+
5XU\]HVWDOLRGSRUQHMQDNRUR]MĊ
'REXGRZ\GáXJLFKSURVW\FKRGFLQNyZJáyZQHJRSU]HZRGXG\VWU\EXF\MQHJRVSUĊĪRQHJR
SRZLHWU]DRGXĪHMĞUHGQLF\VWRVXMHVLĊUXU\]HVWDOLRGSRUQHMQDNRUR]MĊ
5XU\PLHG]LDQH
5XU\ PLHG]LDQH GDMą VLĊ áDWZR NV]WDáWRZDü L Vą RGSRUQH QD NRUR]MĊ L Z\VRNą WHPSHUD
WXUĊ3URGXNRZDQHVąRĞUHGQLFDFKZHZQĊWU]Q\FKGRPPSU]\F]\PUXU\RĞUHGQLF\
ZHZQĊWU]QHMSRZ\ĪHMPPVąEDUG]RGURJLH
3U]HZRG\]WZRU]\ZV]WXF]Q\FK
=Z\NOHVWRVRZDQHGRZ]DMHPQ\FKSRáąF]HĔHOHPHQWyZSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKLLFKSRGáąF]HQLD
GR]DVLODQLDVSUĊĪRQ\PSRZLHWU]HP6WRVRZDQHZ]DNUHVLH]DOHFDQ\FKWHPSHUDWXUURER
F]\FKZ\ND]XMąFDá\V]HUHJ]DOHWSU]\PRQWDĪXSRQLHZDĪ]áDWZRĞFLąPRĪQDMHVNUDFDü
áąF]\ü]DSRPRFą]áąF]HN]QDNUĊWNDPLOXE]áąF]HNZW\NRZ\FK
3U]HZRG\]Q\ORQX]PLĊNF]RQHJRLSROLXUHWDQXPRĪQDVWRVRZDüWDPJG]LHZ\PDJDQDMHVW
GXĪDHODVW\F]QRĞüLPDá\SURPLHĔNRODQUXURFLąJX:SRUyZQDQLX]SU]HZRGDPL]Q\ORQX
L3&:SU]HZRG\]W\FKPDWHULDáyZVWRVRZDQHVąGRQLĪV]\FKFLĞQLHĔ

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
=DZRU\
3U]HGZ\ERUHPRGSRZLHGQLHJR]DZRUXQDOHĪ\RNUHĞOLüSRGVWDZRZHLGRGDWNRZHNU\WHULD
MHJRZ\ERUX
3RGVWDZRZHNU\WHULDZ\ERUX]DZRUyZ
3RGVWDZRZHNU\WHULDRNUHĞODMą]DVDGQLF]HZ\PDJDQLDMDNLHPXVLVSHáQLDü]DZyU=GH¿
QLRZDQHNU\WHULDSRGVWDZRZHVWDQRZLąRZ\ERU]H]DZRUXZEOLVNR'ODRVWDWHF]QHJR
Z\ERUXNRQLHF]QHMHVWX]XSHáQLHQLHZ\EUDQHJR]DZRUXRGDOV]HFHFK\NWyUHRNUHĞOąNU\
WHULDGRGDWNRZH
3RGVWDZRZHNU\WHULD
Z\ERUX

)XQNFMH]DZRUX

6WHURZDQLH]DZRUX
3U]HSá\ZSRZLHWU]D

5\V 3RGVWDZRZHNU\WHULDZ\ERUX]DZRUX

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
3RG]LDá]DZRUyZZHGáXJIXQNFML
=DZRU\Z\ZLHUDMąZSá\ZQDQRĞQLNHQHUJLL±VSUĊĪRQHSRZLHWU]H=PLHQLDMąNLHUXQHNSU]H
Sá\ZX VSUĊĪRQHJR SRZLHWU]D GHF\GXMą R MHJR UR]G]LDOH OXE ]DP\NDMą MHJR GRSá\Z$E\
VSHáQLüWHUR]PDLWHZ\PDJDQLDSRWU]HEXMHP\]DZRUyZRUyĪQ\FKNRQVWUXNFMDFK:HGáXJ
IXQNFML]DZRU\G]LHOąVLĊQDWDNLHNWyUHVWHUXMąFLĞQLHQLHPLSU]HSá\ZHPRUD]WDNLHNWyUH
UHJXOXMą NLHUXQHN SU]HSá\ZX SRZLHWU]D =DZRU\ G]LHOą VLĊ QD QDVWĊSXMąFH SRGVWDZRZH
JUXS\ZHGáXJIXQNFML]JRGQLH]QRUPą,62
=DZRU\
GRVWHURZDQLDNLH GRVWHURZDQLDZLHO
GRRGFLQDQLDSU]H GRVWHURZDQLD
UXQNLHPVWUXPLHQLD NRĞFLąSU]HSá\ZX
Sá\ZXSRZLHWU]D FLĞQLHQLHPSRZLHWU]D
SRZLHWU]D
SRZLHWU]D
5\V 3RG]LDá]DZRUyZZHGáXJLFKIXQNFML
=DZRU\GRVWHURZDQLDNLHUXQNLHPVWUXPLHQLDSRZLHWU]D]ZDQHF]ĊVWRSRSURVWX]DZR
UDPL OXE ]DZRUDPL UR]G]LHODMąF\PL ]PLHQLDMą NLHUXQHN SU]HSá\ZX VWUXPLHQLD SRZLHWU]D
RWZLHUDMąF]DP\NDMąFOXESU]HVWDZLDMąFNDQDá\ZORWXLZ\ORWXZHZQąWU]]DZRUX
=DZRU\GRRGFLQDQLDSU]HSá\ZXSRZLHWU]DEORNXMąSU]HSá\ZVWUXPLHQLDSRZLHWU]DZMHG
Q\PNLHUXQNX=DOLF]DMąVLĊGRQLFK]DZRU\]ZURWQHORJLF]QHLWG
=DZRU\GRVWHURZDQLDFLĞQLHQLHPSRZLHWU]D]QDQHWHĪSRGQD]ZąUHJXODWRUyZFLĞQLH
QLD]RVWDá\RSLVDQHZUR]G]LDOHÄ3U]\JRWRZDQLHVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]D³'RWHMJUXS\]DOL
F]DMąVLĊ]DZRU\]DEH]SLHF]DMąFHSU]HGQDGPLHUQ\PZ]URVWHPFLĞQLHQLDL]DZRU\EH]SLH
F]HĔVWZD
=DZRU\GRVWHURZDQLDZLHONRĞFLąSU]HSá\ZXSRZLHWU]DVąUyZQLHĪQD]\ZDQH]DZR
UDPLGáDZLąF\PL7H]DZRU\]PLHQLDMąSU]HNUyMNDQDáyZSU]H]NWyUHSU]HSá\ZDVWUXPLHĔ
SRZLHWU]D1DMF]ĊĞFLHMWH]DZRU\VąVWRVRZDQHGRUHJXODFMLSUĊGNRĞFLVLáRZQLNyZSQHX
PDW\F]Q\FK
=DZRU\GRVWHURZDQLDNLHUXQNLHPVWUXPLHQLDSRZLHWU]D
3RGVWDZRZHSDUDPHWU\W\FK]DZRUyZWR
LORĞüNDQDáyZZHMĞFLRZ\FKLZ\MĞFLRZ\FKRUD]LORĞüPRĪOLZ\FKSRáRĪHĔ
VSRVyEVWHURZDQLDSU]H]HOHNWURPDJQHV\VSUĊĪRQHSRZLHWU]HPHFKDQLF]QLHLWG
ZLHONRĞüLPDNV\PDOQ\VWUXPLHĔREMĊWRĞFLSRZLHWU]DZRNUHĞORQ\FKZDUXQNDFK
,ORĞüNDQDáyZZHMĞFLRZ\FKLZ\MĞFLRZ\FKRUD]LORĞüSRáRĪHĔVąSRGDZDQHZSRVWDFLXáDP
NyZQSLWG3LHUZV]DF\IUDRNUHĞODLORĞüNDQDáyZGUyJGUXJDF\IUDRNUHĞOD
LORĞüSRáRĪHĔ1S]DZyURSLVDQ\MDNRWR]DZyUSLĊFLRGURJRZ\±GZXSRáRĪHQLRZ\
=DZRU\LG]LHOąVLĊUyZQLHĪZHGáXJSRáRĪHQLDZSR]\FMLVSRF]\QNRZHMEH]V\JQDáX
VWHUXMąFHJR-HĪHOLZW\PSRáRĪHQLXSU]HSá\ZSRZLHWU]DMHVW]DPNQLĊW\WRPDP\GRF]\
QLHQLD]]DZRUHPQRUPDOQLH]DPNQLĊW\P1& QRUPDOO\FORVHG-HĪHOLZSRáRĪHQLXVSR
F]\QNRZ\PSRZLHWU]HSU]HSá\ZDSU]H]]DZyURGZHMĞFLDGRZ\MĞFLDWRMHVWWR]DZyUQRU
PDOQLHRWZDUW\12 QRUPDOO\RSHQ

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
6\PEROH]DZRUyZLREMDĞQLHQLHLFKIXQNFMLRUD]]DVWRVRZDQLH
6FKHPDWIXQNFMR
6\PERO )XQNFMD =DVWRVRZDQLH
QDOQ\
ZHMĞFLHZ\MĞFLH 3QHXPDW\F]QH VLOQLNL

EH]RGSRZLHWU]DQLD LQDU]ĊG]LD
]DPNQLĊW\ 6LáRZQLNL MHGQR

Z SRáRĪHQLX VSRF]\Q VWURQQHJR G]LDáDQLD
NRZ\P1& LV\JQDá\VWHUXMąFH
RWZDUW\ Z SRáR 6LáRZQLNL MHGQR

ĪHQLX VSRF]\QNRZ\P VWURQQHJR G]LDáDQLD
12 LV\JQDá\VWHUXMąFH
SU]HáąF]D Z\MĞFLD

6LáRZQLNL GZXVWURQ
Ä³LÄ³QD]DVLODQLHÄ³
QHJRG]LDáDQLD
LRGSRZLHWU]HQLHÄ³
SU]HáąF]D Z\MĞFLD

Ä³ L Ä³ QD ]DVLODQLH 6LáRZQLNL GZXVWURQ
Ä³LRGSRZLHWU]HQLHÄ³ QHJRG]LDáDQLD
LÄ³
1DSĊG\ GZXVWURQ
]H VWHURZDQLHP QHJR G]LDáDQLD SR]R
LPSXOVRZ\P ELVWD VWDMąZSR]\FMLQDGDQHM
ELOQ\ SU]H] RVWDWQL LPSXOV
VWHUXMąF\
1DSĊG\ GZXVWURQQH
] PRĪOLZRĞFLą XQLHUX
]]DPNQLĊW\PSRáR
FKRPLHQLD Z GRZRO
ĪHQLHPĞURGNRZ\P
Q\PSRáRĪHQLXSRĞUHG
QLP
1DSĊG\ GZXVWURQQH
] RGSRZLHWU]QLHP
] PRĪOLZRĞFLą RGSR
Z SRáRĪHQLX ĞURGNR
ZLHWU]HQLD REX NRPyU
Z\P
QDSĊGRZ\FK
1DSĊG\ GZXVWURQQH
] PRĪOLZRĞFLą XQLHUX
SRG FLĞQLHQLHP
FKRPLHQLD Z GRZRO
Z SRáRĪHQLX ĞURGNR
Q\PSRáRĪHQLX]]DVLOD
Z\P
QLHPREXNRPyUQDSĊ
GRZ\FK
5\V 6\PEROH]DZRUyZVFKHPDW\NRQVWUXNF\MQHLIXQNFMRQDOQHRUD]REMDĞQLHQLHIXQNFMLL]D
VWRVRZDQLD]DZRUyZ

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
2]QDF]HQLHRWZRUyZSU]\áąF]HQLRZ\FK]DZRUyZ
=JRGQLH]QRUPą,62RWZRU\ZHMĞFLRZHLZ\MĞFLRZH]DZRUyZK\GUDXOLF]Q\FKLSQHX
PDW\F]Q\FKVąR]QDF]RQHOLF]EDPL&]ĊVWRVWRVXMHVLĊUyZQLHĪR]QDF]HQLDOLWHURZH1DM
F]ĊĞFLHMXĪ\ZDQHR]QDF]HQLDGOD]DZRUyZSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKVąZ\PLHQLRQHZ SRQLĪV]HM
WDEHOL:RVWDWQLPZLHUV]XVąZ\PLHQLRQHR]QDF]HQLD]JRGQLH]RERZLą]XMąFąQRUPą,62
2GSRZLH 2GSRZLH :HMĞFLH :HMĞFLH

=DVLODQLH :\MĞFLH :\MĞFLH
WU]HQLH WU]HQLH VWHUXMąFH VWHUXMąFH

3 $ % ($ (% 3$ 3%
3 $ % 5 6 = <
3 $ % 5 5 = <
5\V 1DMF]ĊĞFLHMXĪ\ZDQHR]QDF]HQLDGODRWZRUyZZHMĞFLRZ\FKLZ\MĞFLRZ\FK]DZRUyZ

=DZRU\PRQRVWDELOQHLELVWDELOQH
=DZRU\PRQRVWDELOQHSRZUDFDMąGRSRáRĪHQLDZ\MĞFLRZHJRQDW\FKPLDVWSR]DQLNXV\JQDáX
VWHUXMąFHJR6\JQDáVWHUXMąF\]DZRUHPHOHNWU\F]Q\PHFKDQLF]Q\UĊF]Q\LWGPXVLWUZDü
WDNGáXJRMDNGáXJR]DZyUPXVL]QDMGRZDüVLĊZĪąGDQ\PSRáRĪHQLX
=DZRU\ ELVWDELOQH QLH PDMą GH¿QLRZDQHJR SRáRĪHQLD Z\MĞFLRZHJR 'R LFK VWHURZDQLD Vą
SRWU]HEQH GZDQLH]DOHĪQH RGVLHELH LPSXOV\ VWHUXMąFH =DZyU ELVWDELOQ\ SRSU]HáąF]HQLX
SR]RVWDMHZWDNLPSRáRĪHQLXMDNLH]RVWDáRPXQDGDQHSU]H]RVWDWQLLPSXOV

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
6WHURZDQLH]DZRUX
:HGáXJ VSRVREX VWHURZDQLD UR]UyĪQLDP\ ]DZRU\ VWHURZDQH PHFKDQLF]QLH ]GHU]DNDPL
NU]\ZNDPLURONDPLVLáąOXG]NLFKPLĊĞQLUĊF]QLHSHGDáHPVSUĊĪRQ\PSRZLHWU]HPSQHX
PDW\F]QLHL]DZRU\VWHURZDQHHOHNWURPDJQHW\F]QLH
=DZRU\VWHURZDQHPHFKDQLF]QLH
=DZRU\ VWHURZDQH PHFKDQLF]QLH PRJą V\JQDOL]RZDü X]\VNDQLD SRáRĪHQLD NUDĔFRZHJR
UyĪQ\FKQDSĊGyZRUD]JHQHURZDüV\JQDá\VWHUXMąFHF\NOHPSUDF\=ELHJLHPF]DVXXNáDG\
VWHURZDQHSQHXPDW\F]QLH]RVWDá\]DVWąSLRQHSU]H]HOHNWURQLF]QHV\VWHP\VWHUXMąFH$OH
GODVWHURZDQLDSURVW\PLPHFKDQL]PDPLEąGĨZREV]DUDFK]DJURĪRQ\FKZ\EXFKHPZFLąĪ
]QDMGXMą]DVWRVRZDQLH]DZRU\VWHURZDQHPHFKDQLF]QLHLSQHXPDW\F]QLH
7U]SLHĔ 5ROND 'ĨZLJQLD]URONą
5\V 1DMF]ĊĞFLHMVWRVRZDQHPHWRG\PHFKDQLF]QHJRVWHURZDQLD]DZRUDPL
:\W\F]QHGODSUDZLGáRZHJRVWRVRZDQLD]DZRUyZVWHURZDQ\FKGĨZLJQLą]URONą
3U]\ VWRVRZDQLX ]DZRUyZ VWHURZDQ\FK GĨZLJQLą ] URONą NRQLHF]QH MHVW SU]HVWU]HJDQLH

QDVWĊSXMąF\FKUHJXáMXĪRGPRPHQWXNRQVWUXNFML
.U]\ZNDGRVWHURZDQLD]DZRUHPPXVLE\üSRFK\ORQDWZRU]ąF]RVLąUXFKXNąW
.U]\ZNDRSRFK\OHQLXZLĊNV]\PRG]ZLĊNV]DPHFKDQLF]QHREFLąĪHQLHGĨZLJQL
3RáRĪHQLHNU]\ZNLLMHMVNRNXPXVLE\üZ\UHJXORZDQHWDNDE\URONDSRXDNW\ZQLHQLX
]DZRUXQLHGRW\NDáDNRUSXVX]DZRUX5RONDGĨZLJQLVWHUXMąFHMSRZLQQD]DZV]HSRUX
V]DüVLĊZ]DNUHVLHGRELHJXLVNRNXURERF]HJR
ħOH 'REU]H
.ąWZLĊNV]\
RG .ąWPQLHMV]\ .ąW
RG PQLHMV]\
37GRELHJ RG
27VNRNURERF]\
77SHáQ\VNRN
PDNVSRáRĪHQLH PDNV
URERF]H SRáRĪHQLH
URERF]H
QLHSRWU]HEQLH
Z\VWDUF]DMąF\
VNRNURERF]\
GXĪ\VNRN
URERF]\
5\V :\W\F]QHGODXVWDZLHQLDZ]DMHPQHJRSRáRĪHQLDURONLLNU]\ZNL±DNąWNU]\ZNLEVNRN

URERF]\

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
=DZRU\VWHURZDQHUĊF]QLH
0RGXá\]HVSRáXQDSĊGRZHJRGRVWHURZDQLD]DZRUDPLSU]HáąF]DQ\PLUĊF]QLHG]LHOąVLĊQD
GZLHJUXS\
PRQRVWDELOQH ± PHFKDQL]P\ NWyUH SRG G]LDáDQLHP VLá\ VSUĊĪ\Q\ SRZUDFDMą GR VZR
MHM SLHUZRWQHM SR]\FML 6ą WR SU]HZDĪQLH SU]\FLVNL Z UyĪQ\FK SRVWDFLDFK Z\VWDMąFH
ZSXV]F]DQHZREXGRZĊZNV]WDáFLHJU]\END6WRVRZDQHVąGRXUXFKDPLDQLDL]DWU]\
P\ZDQLDQDSĊGyZOXEMDNRĨUyGáRV\JQDáyZGRVWHURZDQLDLQQ\PL]DZRUDPL
3U]\FLVNNU\W\ 3U]\FLVNZ\VWDMąF\ 3U]\FLVNJU]\ENRZ\ 3HGDá
5\V 3U]\NáDG\PRQRVWDELOQ\FKPHFKDQL]PyZSU]HáąF]DQLD
ELVWDELOQH ± PHFKDQL]P\ ] XVWDORQ\PL GZRPD SRáRĪHQLDPL 0RJą WR E\ü SU]\FLVNL

]DSDGNRZHSU]HáąF]QLNLSRNUĊWQHGĨZLJQLHSU]HFK\OQHLSU]\FLVNL]EORNDGą7HRVWDW
QLH Vą VWRVRZDQH Z XNáDGDFK VWHUXMąF\FK NWyUH PRJą E\ü REVáXJLZDQH Z\áąF]QLH
SU]H]RGSRZLHGQLRSU]HV]NRORQHRVRE\QSXVWDZLDQLHUHJXODFMD

3U]HáąF]QLNSRNUĊWQ\ 'ĨZLJQLDSU]HFK\OQD 3U]\FLVN]EORNDGą
5\V 3U]\NáDG\PHFKDQL]PyZELVWDELOQ\FKGRVWHURZDQLD]DZRUDPL
=DZRU\VWHURZDQHSQHXPDW\F]QLH
7áRNSU]HáąF]DMąF\VXZDNPRQRVWDELOQHJR]DZRUXVWHURZDQHJRSQHXPDW\F]QLHMHVWSRUX
V]DQ\ SU]H] FLĞQLHQLH SRZLHWU]D NWyUH MHVW NLHURZDQH GR NRPRU\ VWHUXMąFHM ]DZRUX 3R
RGSRZLHWU]HQLXNRPRU\VWHUXMąFHM]DZRUXWáRNSRZUDFDGRVZRMHJRSRáRĪHQLDSLHUZRWQHJR
SRGZSá\ZHPW\ONRVLá\VSUĊĪ\Q\]ZURWQHMOXEVSUĊĪ\Q\Z]PRFQLRQHMFLĞQLHQLHPSRZLHWU]D
G]LDáDMąF\PQDVXZDN]DZRUX
3U]\áąF]H
VWHURZDQLD

2WZyUNDQDáXáąF]ąFHJRRGSá\Z 7áRN

SRZLHWU]D]NRPRUąVSUĊĪ\Q\]ZURWQHM
5\V =DZyUPRQRVWDELOQ\VWHURZDQ\SQHXPDW\F]QLH]H]ZLĊNV]RQąSRGG]LDáDQLHPVSUĊ
ĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]DVLáąVSUĊĪ\Q\]ZURWQHM

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
=ZLĊNV]RQDSRGG]LDáDQLHPVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]DVLáDVSUĊĪ\Q\ ]ZURWQHM]DZRUXSRUX
V]D WáRNLHP VWHUXMąF\P ]DZRUX JZDUDQWXMąF VWDá\ L NUyWNL F]DV SRWU]HEQ\ GR MHJR SU]H
PLHV]F]HQLD(IHNWWHQX]\VNXMHVLĊSRSU]H]SRáąF]HQLHNDQDáX]DVLODQLDVSUĊĪRQ\PSRZLH
WU]HP]NRPRUą]DZRUXZNWyUHMMHVWXPLHV]F]RQDVSUĊĪ\QD]ZURWQD7DSU]HVWU]HĔMHVW
SRGRSURZDG]HQLXVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]DGR]DZRUXZFLąĪZ\SHáQLRQDVSUĊĪRQ\PSRZLH
WU]HP$E\WáRNSRUXV]DMąF\VXZDN]DZRUXPyJáVLĊSRUXV]\üSRWU]HEQDMHVWZLĊNV]DVLáD
QLĪ VLáD VSUĊĪ\Q\ ]ZURWQHM NWyUD ]PXV]D WáRN GR SRZURWX GR SLHUZRWQHJR SRáRĪHQLD 7Ċ
ZLĊNV]ąVLáĊNRQLHF]QąGRSU]HVXQLĊFLDWáRNDVWHUXMąFHJRX]\VNXMHVLĊSU]H]RGSRZLHGQLR
GXĪąSRZLHU]FKQLĊWáRNDQDNWyUąG]LDáDFLĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]DV\JQDáXVWHUXMąFHJR3RRGSR
ZLHWU]HQLXNRPRU\VWHUXMąFHM]DZRUXSRGG]LDáDQLHPVLá\VSUĊĪ\Q\]ZURWQHMZ]PRFQLRQHM
G]LDáDQLHPFLĞQLHQLDSRZLHWU]DWáRNVWHUXMąF\SRZUDFDGRSLHUZRWQHJRSRáRĪHQLD
&LĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]D]DVLODMąFHJRZV]\VWNLH]DZRU\Z\NRU]\VWXMąFHFLĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]DGR
Z]PRFQLHQLDVLá\G]LDáDQLDVSUĊĪ\Q\]ZURWQHMPXVLPLHüQDZHMĞFLXGR]DZRUXPLQLPDOQą
ZDUWRĞüS GR03D:SU]\SDGNXPDá\FK]DZRUyZPRQRVWDELOQ\FKGR]DSHZQLH
QLDSRZURWXWáRNDVWHUXMąFHJRGRSRáRĪHQLDZ\MĞFLRZHJRMHVWVWRVRZDQHMHG\QLHVSUĊĪRQH
SRZLHWU]H]SRZRGXEUDNXGRVWDWHF]QHMSU]HVWU]HQLQDVSUĊĪ\QĊ]ZURWQą
5\V 0RQRVWDELOQ\]DZyUVWHURZDQ\SQHXPDW\F]QLH]SQHXPDW\F]QąVSUĊĪ\Qą]ZURWQą

:V]\VWNLHRSLVDQHGRW\FKF]DV]DZRU\E\á\PRQRVWDELOQH'RVWHURZDQLDVLáRZQLNDPLSQHX
PDW\F]Q\PLF]ĊVWRVWRVXMHVLĊ]DZRU\ELVWDELOQHVWHURZDQHREXVWURQQLHSQHXPDW\F]QLH
-HĪHOL GR ]DZRUX NWyU\ MHVW SU]HGVWDZLRQ\ QD U\V SQHXPDW\F]Q\ V\JQDO VWHUXMąF\
MHVWNLHURZDQHGRZHMĞFLDÄ³ZyZF]DVVXZDN]DZRUXSRGQDFLVNLHPWáRNDSU]HVXZDVLĊ
ZSUDZR:W\PSRáRĪHQLXZHMĞFLH]DVLODMąFHÄ³MHVWSRáąF]RQH]Z\MĞFLHPÄ³:\MĞFLHÄ³
MHVWSRáąF]RQH]RGSRZLHWU]HQLHPÄ³6XZDN]DZRUXSR]RVWDMHZW\PSRáRĪHQLXWDNGáXJR
GRSyNLV\JQDáVWHUXMąF\QLH]RVWDQLHSRGDQ\GRZHMĞFLDÄ³
5\V =DZyUELVWDELOQ\VWHURZDQ\SQHXPDW\F]QLH
:]DZRUDFKELVWDELOQ\FKSRáRĪHQLHVXZDNDSR]DQLNXV\JQDáyZVWHUXMąF\FKMHVW]DEH]
SLHF]DQHSU]H]WDUFLHHODVW\F]Q\FKSLHUĞFLHQLXV]F]HOQLDMąF\FKRNRUSXV]DZRUX
=WHJRZ]JOĊGXNRQLHF]QHMHVWWDNLH]DPRQWRZDQLH]DZRUXDE\RĞVXZDNDSR]RVWDZDáD
]DZV]H SR]LRPD -HĪHOL Z\VWĊSXMą ZLEUDFMH GUJDQLD SRZLQQ\ G]LDáDü SURVWRSDGOH GR RVL
VXZDNDZSU]HFLZQ\PUD]LHPRĪHGRMĞüGRQLHSRĪąGDQHJRSU]HáąF]HQLD]DZRUX:]DZR
UDFK]VXZDNLHPVWDORZ\PMHJRSRáRĪHQLHMHVW]DEH]SLHF]DQHPHFKDQLF]QLH

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
=DZRU\VWHURZDQHHOHNWURPDJQHW\F]QLH
6WHURZDQLHFHZNDPLHOHNWURPDJQHW\F]Q\PLMHVWMHGQą]QDMF]ĊĞFLHMVWRVRZDQ\FKPHWRGVWH
URZDQLD]DZRUDPLGRVWHURZDQLDNLHUXQNLHPSU]HSá\ZXVWUXPLHQLDSRZLHWU]D1LHNLHG\QD]\
ZDP\ WDNLH ]DZRU\ ]DZRUDPL ] MHGQą OXE GZLHPD FHZNDPL 0DáH EH]SRĞUHGQLR VWHURZDQH
]DZRU\ Z\NRU]\VWXMą VLá\ SRFKRG]ąFH RG HOHNWURPDJQHVyZ .LHG\ SU]H] FHZNĊ Sá\QLH SUąG
HOHNWU\F]Q\ZyZF]DVVLáDPDJQHWRPHFKDQLF]QDRGFLąJD]ZRUĊHOHNWURPDJQHVXSU]HFLZG]LD
áDMąFFLĞQLHQLXVSUĊĪ\Q\]ZURWQHML]DZyURWZLHUDVLĊ3RSU]HUZDQLXGRSá\ZXSUąGXHOHNWU\F]
QHJRVLáDPDJQHWRPHFKDQLF]QDSU]HVWDMHG]LDáDüDVSUĊĪ\QD]ZURWQDGRFLVND]ZRUĊHOHNWUR
PDJQHVXGRJQLD]GD]DZRUX]DZyU]DP\NDVLĊU\VD=ZRUDHOHNWURPDJQHVXEH]SR
ĞUHGQLRVWHURZDQHJR]DZRUXPDQDREXNRĔFDFKXV]F]HOQLHQLDJQLD]GD]DZRURZHVąSáD
VNLHU\VE*yUQHJQLD]GRVáXĪ\GRRGSRZLHWU]DQLDNDQDáXZ\MĞFLRZHJR]DZRUX
5\V 6WHURZDQHHOHNWURPDJQHW\F]QLHEH]SRĞUHGQLR]DZRU\DLE]HVSUĊĪ\Qą]ZURWQą

:]DZRUDFKRGXĪ\PSU]HSá\ZLHDZLĊFUyZQLHĪRGXĪ\PSU]HNURMXSU]HORWXVWRVXMHVLĊW]Z
VWHURZDQLHSRĞUHGQLH]HZVSRPDJDQLHP:SRUyZQDQLX]]DZRUDPL]HVWHURZDQLHPEH]
SRĞUHGQLPRWDNLPVDP\PHNZLZDOHQWQ\PSU]HNURMXSU]HORWX]DZRU\]HVWHURZDQLHPSRĞUHG
QLPZ\ND]XMąPQLHMV]H]XĪ\FLHHQHUJLLPDMąPQLHMV]HZ\PLDU\LFLĊĪDU0Dá\]DZyUEH]
SRĞUHGQLR VWHURZDQ\ SU]H] HOHNWURPDJQHV SR ]DVLOHQLX VSUĊĪRQ\P SRZLHWU]HP L SRGDQLX
V\JQDáXVWHUXMąFHJRSRZRGXMHUXFKVXZDND]DZRUXSRGQDFLVNLHPWáRNDU\V
5\V 6WHURZDQ\HOHNWURPDJQHW\F]QLHSRĞUHGQLR
PRQRVWDELOQ\]DZyU

=DZRU\ELVWDELOQHL]DZRU\]WU]HPDSRáRĪHQLDPLZ\PDJDMąGZyFK]DZRUyZVWH
UXMąF\FKPDMąZLĊFGZDHOHNWURPDJQHV\6XZDN]DZRUyZLMHVWSU]HVXZDQ\
ZSRáRĪHQLHĞURGNRZH]DZyUZSRáRĪHQLXVSRF]\QNRZ\PSU]H]VSUĊĪ\QĊ]ZURWQą
5\V 6WHURZDQ\HOHNWURPDJQHW\F]
QLHSRĞUHGQLR]DZyU]]D
PNQLĊW\PSDWU]LOXVWUDFMD
RGSRZLHWU]DQ\PQDSRZLHWU]D
Q\PSRáRĪHQLHPĞURGNRZ\P

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
%H]SRĞUHGQLHLSRĞUHGQLHVWHURZDQLH]DZRUDPL
=DZRU\VWHURZDQHEH]SRĞUHGQLRWRWDNLHZNWyU\FKSU]\FLVNURONDOXE]ZRUDHOHNWURPD
JQHVXG]LDáDMąZSURVWQDJQLD]GROXEVXZDN]DZRUX=DZRU\VWHURZDQHEH]SRĞUHGQLRVą
]DZRUDPLRQLHZLHONLPSU]HNURMXSU]HORWXSRQLHZDĪZUD]]H]ZLĊNV]HQLHPSU]HNURMXSU]H
ORWXURĞQLHUyZQLHĪVLáDNRQLHF]QDGRSU]HáąF]HQLD]DZRUX:VWHURZDQ\FKEH]SRĞUHGQLR
HOHNWURPDJQHW\F]QLH]DZRUDFKRGXĪ\PSU]HNURMXSU]HORWXVWRVXMHVLĊGXĪHLFLĊĪNLHHOHN
WURPDJQHV\NWyUH]NROHLZ\PDJDMąSUąGXRGXĪ\PQDWĊĪHQLX3U]\GáXĪV]HMSUDF\HOHNWUR
PDJQHV\QDJU]HZDMąVLĊ
:]DZRUDFKVWHURZDQ\FKSRĞUHGQLRGRRWZDUFLD]DPNQLĊFLDJQLD]GD]DZRUXOXESU]HVX
QLĊFLDVXZDNDZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQHMHVWVSUĊĪRQHSRZLHWU]HSRGDZDQHSU]H]PDá\]DZyU
SRSU]HVWHURZDQLXMHJRHOHNWURPDJQHVX6Lá\SRWU]HEQHGRSU]HáąF]HQLD]DZRUXVWHUXMą
FHJRVąEDUG]RPDáHZSRUyZQDQLX]VLáDPLNWyUHVąSRWU]HEQHGRSU]HáąF]HQLD]DZR
UyZVWHURZDQ\FKEH]SRĞUHGQLR
5\V 6WHURZDQ\PHFKDQLF]QLHSRĞUHGQLRPRQRVWDELOQ\]DZyU
1D U\V D SU]HGVWDZLRQR SU]HNUyM Z]GáXĪQ\ SU]H] VWHURZDQ\ PHFKDQLF]QLH SRĞUHG
QLRPRQRVWDELOQ\]DZyUZSRáRĪHQLXVSRF]\QNRZ\P3RZLĊNV]RQHV]F]HJyá\]DZRUX
VWHUXMąFHJRZSRáRĪHQLXVSRF]\QNRZ\PVąSU]HGVWDZLRQHQDU\VELZSRáRĪHQLX
DNW\ZQ\PQDU\VF
3U]HSá\ZSRZLHWU]D
1DSRGVWDZLHZLHONRĞFLJZLQWyZSU]\áąF]HQLRZ\FKQLHMHVWPRĪOLZHZ\ZQLRVNRZDQLHMDND
REMĊWRĞüSRZLHWU]DPRĪHSU]HSá\ZDüSU]H]]DZyU:LHONRĞü]DZRUXPXVLE\üRNUHĞORQDQD
SRGVWDZLH REOLF]HQLDLORĞFLSRZLHWU]DSRWU]HEQHM QDPLQXWĊGOD GDQHJR QDSĊGX SQHXPD
W\F]QHJRVLáRZQLNDOXEQDSĊGXREURWRZHJR:REOLF]HQLXXZ]JOĊGQLDVLĊ]DOHĪQRĞüPLĊ
G]\SUĊGNRĞFLąUXFKXQDSĊGXSQHXPDW\F]QHJRFLĞQLHQLHPURERF]\PSRZLHWU]DLVWUDWDPL
SRZLHWU]DVSDGNLHPFLĞQLHQLD

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
'RGDWNRZHNU\WHULDZ\ERUX]DZRUX
.U\WHULD GRGDWNRZH GH¿QLXMą GDOV]H Z\PDJDQLD MDNLH PXVL VSHáQLDü Z\EUDQ\ ]DZyU GR
RNUHĞORQ\FK]DVWRVRZDĔ
1DMZDĪQLHMV]HNU\WHULDGRGDWNRZHVąZ\PLHQLRQHQDU\V
=DNUHVFLĞQLHĔ
URERF]\FK
=DNUHVWHPSHUDWXU :\NRQDQLHWáRND
URERF]\FK VWHUXMąFHJR
&]\QQLNURERF]\ :\PLDU\
SU]\áąF]HQLRZHJZLQW
.RQVWUXNFMD &]DVUHDNFML]DZRUX
GRSU]HáąF]HQLD
.U\WHULDGRGDWNRZH
=DSRWU]HERZDQLH
PRF\SU]H]FHZNĊ 1DSLĊFLHSUąGX
HOHNWURPDJQHW\F]Qą HOHNWU\F]QHJR
6WRSLHĔREFLąĪHQLD 1RUP\,621$085
7UZDáRĞüSU]HáąF]DQLD &]ĊVWRWOLZRĞü
5RG]DMSU]\áąF]D
HOHNWU\F]QHJR
,OXVWU 'RGDWNRZHNU\WHULDZ\ERUX]DZRUyZ
1LHNWyUH]NU\WHULyZGRGDWNRZ\FKZ\PLHQLRQ\FKQDU\VVąEOLĪHMRPyZLRQHZGDO
V]HMF]ĊĞFL

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
=DNUHVFLĞQLHQLDURERF]HJR
=DNUHVFLĞQLHĔURERF]\FK]DOHĪ\RGWHJRF]\]DZyUPDE\üVWHURZDQ\EH]SRĞUHGQLRF]\
SRĞUHGQLR
6WHURZDQLH
EH]SRĞUHGQLH SRĞUHGQLH
=DSRWU]HERZDQLHPRF\SU]H]
GR: GR:
FHZNĊHOHNWURPDJQHW\F]Qą
&]DVUHDNFML]DZRUX PV PV
0LQLPDOQHFLĞQLHQLHURERF]H RG03D RGGR03D
=DVWRVRZDQLHGRSRGFLĞQLHQLD WDN QLH
6WUXPLHĔREMĊWRĞFL PDá\ GXĪ\
5\V 3RUyZQDQLHFHFK]DZRUyZVWHURZDQ\FKSRĞUHGQLRLEH]SRĞUHGQLR

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
&]DVUHDNFML]DZRUX
7HQSDUDPHWUMHVWSRGDZDQ\W\ONRGOD]DZRUyZ]HVWHURZDQLHPHOHNWURPDJQHW\F]Q\P-DNR
F]DVZáąF]HQLDWRNUHĞODVLĊF]DVMDNLXSá\ZDRGPRPHQWXGRSURZDG]HQLDSUąGXGRFHZNL
HOHNWURPDJQHVXXDNW\ZQLHQLHGRZ]URVWXZDUWRĞFLFLĞQLHQLDQDZ\MĞFLX]DZRUXGRZDU
WRĞFLQRPLQDOQHM-DNRF]DVZ\áąF]HQLDWRNUHĞODVLĊF]DVMDNLXSá\ZDRGPRPHQWXSU]HUZD
QLDGRSá\ZXSUąGXGRFHZNLHOHNWURPDJQHVXGH]DNW\ZRZDQLHGRVSDGNXZDUWRĞFLFLĞQLHQLD
QDZ\MĞFLX]DZRUXGRZDUWRĞFLQRPLQDOQHM-HĪHOLZGDQ\FKWHFKQLF]Q\FKZNDWDORJXMHVW
Z\PLHQLRQ\W\ONRMHGHQF]DVUHDNFML]DZRUXWRMHVWWRGáXĪV]\]REXW\FKF]DVyZ
ZáąF]RQH
6WHURZDQLH
Z\áąF]RQH

03D
&LĞQLHQLHZ\MĞFLRZH
03D
5\V W±F]DVXDNW\ZQLHQLDHOHNWURPDJQHVX]DZRUXW±F]DVGH]DNW\ZRZDQLDHOHNWURPDJQH
VX]DZRUX
3RPLDUMHVWSU]HSURZDG]DQ\EH]WáXPLNDGĨZLĊNX]DPRQWRZDQHJRQD]DZRU]H&LĞQLHQLH
SRZLHWU]D]DVLODMąFHJR]DZyUZ\QRVLS 03D:]URVWLVSDGHNFLĞQLHQLDVąPLHU]RQH
EH]SRĞUHGQLRZNDQDOHZ\MĞFLRZ\P]DZRUX
2SUĊGNRĞFLUXFKXQDSĊGyZSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKDZLĊFLRNUyWNLFKF]DVDFKLFKF\NOLURER
F]\FKGHF\GXMHQLHW\ONRF]DVMDNLMHVWZ\PDJDQ\GRSU]HVWDZLHQLD]DZRUX
0RĪOLZH MHVW Z\ZLHUDQLH ]QDF]QHJR ZSá\ZX QD ]ZLĊNV]HQLH SUĊGNRĞFL UXFKX QDSĊGyZ
SQHXPDW\F]Q\FKLVNUyFHQLHF]DVXWUZDQLDLFKF\NOLURERF]\FK
SRSU]H]XĪ\FLH]DZRUyZV]\ENLHJRVSXVWX
SRSU]H]XĪ\FLH]DZRUyZLSU]HZRGyZRZ\VRNLHMZDUWRĞFLHNZLZDOHQWQHMSRZLHU]FKQL
SU]HNURMX6
SRSU]H]PRĪOLZLHNUyWNąGURJĊSRZLHWU]DSU]HZyGUXUDSRPLĊG]\]DZRUHPDQDSĊ
GHPSQHXPDW\F]Q\P

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
6WRSLHĔRFKURQ\XU]ąG]HĔHOHNWU\F]Q\FK
6WRSLHĔRFKURQ\,3
6WRSLHĔ RFKURQ\ XU]ąG]HĔ HOHNWU\F]Q\FK ]JRGQLH ] QRUPDPL 31( L 31(1

R]QDF]DVWRSLHĔRFKURQ\DSDUDWXOXEXU]ąG]HQLDSU]HGQLHEH]SLHF]HĔVWZDPL]ZLą
]DQ\PL ] SU]\SDGNRZ\P GRWNQLĊFLHP ZQLNDQLHP ZRG\ S\áX L REFHM PDWHULL 6NáDGD VLĊ
]OLWHU,3LGZyFKF\IU
3LHUZV]\]QDN7DE=DEH]SLHF]HQLHSU]HGFLDáDPLVWDá\PL
'UXJL]QDN7DE=DEH]SLHF]HQLHSU]HGZQLNDQLHPZRG\
6WRSLHĔRFKURQ\
3LHUZV]\ 2FKURQDRVyESU]HGGRVWĊSHP 2FKURQDXU]ąG]HQLDSU]HG

]QDN GRF]ĊĞFLQLHEH]SLHF]Q\FK GRVWDQLHPVLĊFLDáVWDá\FK
,3[ EUDNRFKURQ\ EUDNRFKURQ\
PP
,3[ ZLHU]FKHPGáRQL RĞUHGQLF\PP
PP
,3[ SDOFHP RĞUHGQLF\PP
QDU]ĊG]LHPRZLHONRĞFLQLHZLĊNV]HM PP
,3[ RĞUHGQLF\PP
RGPP
,3[ GUXWHPFLHQNLPQDU]ĊG]LHP RĞUHGQLF\PP PP
RJUDQLF]RQDRFKURQDSU]HGZQLND
,3[ GRZROQ\PQDU]ĊG]LHP QLHPS\áXZLORĞFLDFKQLH]DNáyFDMą
F\FKSUDF\XU]ąG]HQLD
,3[ GRZROQ\PQDU]ĊG]LHP RFKURQDS\áRV]F]HOQD
5\V 3LHUZV]\]QDNVWRSQLDRFKURQ\,3

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
6WRSLHĔRFKURQ\
'UXJL =DEH]SLHF]HQLHSU]HG
2SLV
]QDN ZQLNDQLHPZRG\
,3[ EUDNRFKURQ\ EUDNRFKURQ\
RFKURQDSU]HGNURSODPLZRG\
,3[ NDSLąFDZRGD
VSDGDMąF\PLSLRQRZR
RFKURQDSU]HGNURSODPLZRG\

SDGDMąF\PLQDREXGRZĊSRG
,3[ NDSLąFDZRGDSRGNąWHPGR
NąWHPZ]JOĊGHPSRáRĪHQLD
QRUPDOQHJR

RFKURQDSU]HGNURSODPLSDGDMą
,3[ ZRGDSDGDMąFDXNRĞQLHGHV]F]
F\PLSRGNąWHPRGSLRQX
RFKURQDSU]HGNURSODPLSDGDMą
,3[ SU\VNDMąFDZRGD F\PLSRGGRZROQ\PNąWHP]H
ZV]\VWNLFKVWURQ
RFKURQDSU]HGVWUXPLHQLHPZRG\
,3[ ZRGDSDGDMąFD]HZV]\VWNLFKVWURQ
]GRZROQHJRNLHUXQNX
RFKURQDSU]HGVLOQ\PLVWUXPLH
,3[ ]DODQLHIDOą QLDPLZRG\OXE]DOHZDQLHPIDOą
]GRZROQHJRNLHUXQNX
RFKURQDSU]HG]DODQLHPSU]\
]DQXU]HQLXNUyWNRWUZDá\P
,3[ ]DQXU]HQLH
K
Z]QRUPDOL]RZDQ\FKZDUXQNDFK
GRW\F]ąF\FKFLĞQLHQLDLF]DVX
RFKURQDSU]HG]DODQLHPSU]\
]DQXU]HQLXFLąJá\PZZDUXQNDFK
,3[ FLąJáH]DQXU]HQLH
X]JRGQLRQ\FKPLĊG]\SURGXFHQ
WHPDXĪ\WNRZQLNLHP
5\V 'UXJL]QDNVWRSQLDRFKURQ\,3
6WRSQLHRFKURQ\ZREV]DUDFK]DJURĪRQ\FKZ\EXFKHP
6WRSQLDRFKURQ\,3QLHZROQRRGQRVLüGRRFKURQ\ZREV]DUDFK]DJURĪRQ\FKZ\EXFKHP
=DZRU\]HVWHURZDQLHPHOHNWURPDJQHW\F]Q\PPRĪQDVWRVRZDüZĞURGRZLVNX]DJURĪRQ\P
Z\EXFKHPZNWyU\PZ\VWĊSXMąPLHV]DQNLJD]yZZ\EXFKRZ\FKS\áLWSMHĪHOLVąZ\NR
QDQHZZHUVMLSU]HFLZZ\EXFKRZHMW]ZZ\NRQDQLH$7(;
=DZRU\VąZ\SRVDĪRQHZHOHNWURPDJQHV\ZVSHFMDOQHMZHUVMLVSRVyELFKSUDF\ZáąF]DQLHLZ\áą
F]DQLHZ\NOXF]DPRĪOLZRĞüSRZVWDQLDáXNXHOHNWU\F]QHJRDW\PVDP\P]DLQLFMRZDQLDZ\EXFKX
-HĪHOLZ\PDJDQ\MHVW]DZyUHOHNWURPDJQHW\F]Q\ZZ\NRQDQLXSU]HFLZZ\EXFKRZ\P]DOH
FDP\NRQWDNWEH]SRĞUHGQLR]GRVWDZFąDE\GRNáDGQLHRPyZLüZDUXQNLRWRF]HQLDZNWy
U\PPDSUDFRZDü]DZyU

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
1RUP\GRW\F]ąFHZ\NRQDQLD]DZRUyZ
1RUPD,62
1RUPD,62MHVWUR]SRZV]HFKQLRQDQDFDá\PĞZLHFLHLGRW\F]\SRZLHU]FKQLSU]\áąF]H
QLRZHMUR]PLHV]F]HQLHRWZRUyZPRQWDĪRZ\FKLNDQDáyZSQHXPDW\F]Q\FK]DZRUyZ
LLRGSRZLHGQLFKGRQLFKSá\WU\V1RUPDRNUHĞODZLHONRĞFL,62GR,62
QDMPQLHMV]ąZLHONRĞFLąMHVW,62
:UD]]UR]ZRMHPWHFKQLF]Q\PSRGREQLHMDNZHOHNWURQLFH]PLHQLDMąVLĊSDUDPHWU\HOH
PHQWyZSQHXPDW\F]Q\FK3U]\NáDGRZRQDMPQLHMV]\]DZyUW\SX,62PDV]HURNRĞüNRU
SXVXPPZHGáXJQRUP\]URNX3URGXNRZDQHG]LVLDM]DZRU\PDMąV]HURNRĞüNRU
SXVXQDZHWSRQLĪHMPP
'ODVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRRĞUHGQLF\PPSUDFXMąFHJR]SUĊGNRĞFLąUXFKXWáRND
SRQLĪHMPPVSUDZLGáRZ\MHVW]DZyURV]HURNRĞFLPP:SRUyZQDQLX]]DZRUHP
W\SX,62RV]HURNRĞFLPPQRZRF]HVQ\]DZyUSR]ZDODQDSLĊFLRNURWQąRV]F]ĊGQRĞü
]DMPRZDQHMSU]HVWU]HQL6WRVRZDQLH]QRUPDOL]RZDQ\FK]DZRUyZPDVHQVW\ONRWDPJG]LH
SU]HZLGXMHVLĊNRPELQDFMHUyĪQ\FKXU]ąG]HĔUyĪQ\FKGRVWDZFyZLJG]LHMHVWZ\VWDUF]DMąFR
GXĪRPLHMVFDGODPRQWDĪXOXEGODGXĪ\FKSU]HSá\ZyZ
5\V 7\SRZDSRZLHU]FKQLDSU]\áąF]HQLRZD]DZRUX]JRGQD]QRUPą,62

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
1RUPD,62±&1202
'R QRUP\ ,62 ]RVWDáD GRGDWNRZR RSUDFRZDQD VSHFMDOQLH GOD HXURSHMVNLHJR SU]HP\VáX
PRWRU\]DF\MQHJR QRUPD &1202 &RPLWp GH 1RUPDOL]DWLRQ GH 0R\HQV GH 3URGXFWLRQ
RUJDQL]DFMLQRUPDOL]DF\MQHM]DáRĪRQHMSU]H]ZLHONLH¿UP\PRWRU\]DF\MQHRQXPHU]H1)(
7DQRUPDRNUHĞOD SRZLHU]FKQLĊ SU]\áąF]HQLRZą PLĊG]\ ]DZRUHPSLORWHP ]DZR
UHP D ]DZRUHP OXE ]JRGQ\P ] ,62 =DZRU\ ]JRGQLH ] QRUPą ,62 L QRUPą
&1202 VWRVXMH VLĊ QDMF]ĊĞFLHM Z SU]HP\ĞOH PRWRU\]DF\MQ\P L Z UyĪQ\FK REV]DUDFK
EXGRZ\PDV]\Q
5\V 0RQRVWDELOQ\]DZyUZZHUVML]JRGQHM]QRUPą,62±&1202

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
1RUPD1$085
1$085MHVWVWRZDU]\V]HQLHPSURGXFHQWyZLXĪ\WNRZQLNyZVSU]ĊWXSRPLDURZHJRNRQWURO
QHJRLVWHUXMąFHJRZSU]HP\ĞáHFKHPLF]Q\P]DáRĪRQ\PZ/HYHUNXVHQZU1RUPHQ
JHPHLQVFKDIWIĦU0HVVXQG5HJHOWHFKQLNLQGHUFKHPLVFKHQ,QGXVWULHPLQSURZDG]ąF\P
G]LDáDOQRĞüQRUPDOL]DF\MQą
1RUPD1$085RNUHĞODSRZLHU]FKQLĊSU]\áąF]HQLRZąGODEH]SRĞUHGQLHJRáąF]HQLD]DZR
UyZ ] QDSĊGDPL SQHXPDW\F]Q\PL =DZRU\ Z ZHUVML ]JRGQHM ] QRUPą 1$085 Vą VWRVR
ZDQHJáyZQLHGRVWHURZDQLDQDSĊGDPLZDKOLZ\PLLVLáRZQLNDPLPHPEUDQRZ\PL6ąUR]
SRZV]HFKQLRQHSU]HGHZV]\VWNLPZSU]HP\ĞOHFKHPLF]Q\PLSHWURFKHPLF]Q\PDWDNĪH
ZSU]HP\ĞOHSURGXNFMLVLOQLNyZLVSUĊĪDUHN
5\V 0RQRVWDELOQ\]DZyUZZHUVML]JRGQHM]QRUPą1$085
3RZLHU]FKQLD SU]\áąF]HQLRZD ZHGáXJ QRUP\ 1$085 SR]ZDOD QD PRQWDĪ ]DZRUyZ EH]
SRĞUHGQLRQDNRUSXVLHQDSĊGyZSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKEH]NRQLHF]QRĞFLVWRVRZDQLD]áąF]HNL
SU]HZRGyZ']LĊNLWHPXQLHMHVWNRQLHF]QHRGG]LHOQHPRFRZDQLH]DZRUXVWRVRZDQLH]áą
F]HNLSU]HZRGyZGRMHJRSRáąF]HQLD]QDSĊGHPFRREQLĪDNRV]W\PRQWDĪXDOHZ\PDJD
VSHFMDOQ\FKZ\NRQDĔQDSĊGyZ
5\V 3RZLHU]FKQLDSU]\áąF]HQLRZDGODPRQWDĪX]DZRUyZZHGáXJQRUP\1$085QDNRUSXVLH
QDSĊGXSQHXPDW\F]QHJR

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
0RQWDĪ]DZRUyZ
=DZRU\GRPRQWDĪXSU]HZRGRZHJR
0RQWDĪ]DZRUyZ]SU]\áąF]DPLJZLQWRZ\PL
: ]DZRUDFK GR PRQWDĪX SU]HZRGRZHJR NDĪGH SU]\áąF]H ]DZRUX ]DVLODQLH VSUĊĪRQ\P

SRZLHWU]HP Z\MĞFLD GR RGELRUyZ RGSRZLHWU]DQLH ZHMĞFLD VWHUXMąFH PD RGSRZLHGQL GR
ZLHONRĞFL]DZRUXJZLQWOXESU]\áąF]NĊZW\NRZą:\MĞFLDRGSRZLHWU]DMąFHPRJąPLHüZEX
GRZDQHRGSRZLHGQLHWáXPLNLGĨZLĊNXZ\GHFKXDOHQDMF]ĊĞFLHMVWRVXMHVLĊ]HZQĊWU]QHWáX
PLNLPRQWRZDQHZRWZRUDFKJZLQWRZDQ\FKZNRUSXVLH]DZRUX
0RQWDĪ]DZRUyZSU]HZRGRZ\FKQDZVSyOQHMSá\FLH
3á\W\GRPRFRZDQLDNLONX]DZRUyZPDMąZVSyOQ\NDQDá]DVLODQLDVSUĊĪRQ\PSRZLHWU]HP
LMHGHQOXEGZDZVSyOQHNDQDá\GRRGSRZLHWU]DQLD]DZRUyZ]DPRFRZDQ\FKQDSá\FLH:\M
ĞFLDSRV]F]HJyOQ\FK]DZRUyZVąSRáąF]RQHSU]HZRGDPL]XU]ąG]HQLDPLRGELRUF]\PL1D
U\VSU]HGVWDZLRQREORN]áRĪRQ\]SLĊFLX]DZRUyZSU]HZRGRZ\FKWDNLHEORNLQD]\
ZDP\Z\VSDPL]DZRURZ\PLNWyU\VWDQRZLSá\WDPHWDORZDPRQROLW\F]QD]WU]HPDPRQR
VWDELOQ\PLLGZRPDELVWDELOQ\PL]DZRUDPL3á\W\WHJRW\SXQDOHĪ\]DPDZLDüQDRNUH
ĞORQąOLF]EĊ]DZRUyZ3yĨQLHMV]HSRZLĊNV]HQLHLORĞFL]DZRUyZQLHMHVWPRĪOLZH'ODWHJR
]DOHFDVLĊSR]RVWDZLHQLHUH]HUZRZHJRPLHMVFDQDSá\FLH
-HĪHOL QD Sá\FLH PD E\ü ]DPRQWRZDQD ZLĊNV]D LORĞü ]DZRUyZ VSUĊĪRQH SRZLHWU]H MHVW
GRSURZDG]DQH GR Sá\W\ ] GZyFK VWURQ Z ]DOHĪQRĞFL RG ZLHONRĞFL ]DZRUyZ MHVW WR LORĞü
SRZ\ĪHMGR]DZRUyZ:\MĞFLDRGSRZLHWU]DMąFH]Sá\W\VąZWDNLPSU]\SDGNXZ\SRVD
ĪRQHZWáXPLNLGĨZLĊNX]REXVWURQ
5\V 7\SRZDSá\WDGR]DPRFRZDQLDNLONXSU]HZRGRZ\FK]DZRUyZ

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
=DZRU\GRPRQWDĪXQDSá\FLH
0RQWDĪNLONX]DZRUyZQDSá\FLH
=DZRU\GRPRQWDĪXQDSá\WDFKW]Z]DZRU\Sá\WRZHZV]\VWNLHZHMĞFLDZ\MĞFLDSQHXPD

W\F]QHPDMąZ\NRQDQHQDMHGQHMSRZLHU]FKQLNRUSXVXSU]H]QDF]RQHMGRNRQWDNWX]Sá\Wą
.DQDá\WHQLHPDMąJZLQWyZ=DZRU\WHJRW\SXPRĪQDVWRVRZDüZ\áąF]QLHUD]HP]Sá\Wą
SRMHG\QF]ą GR MHGQHJR ]DZRUX OXE ZLHORPLHMVFRZą 'R PRQWDĪX NRQLHF]QD MHVW RGSR
ZLHGQLDXV]F]HONDPLĊG]\]DZRUHPDSá\Wą3á\W\GRPRFRZDQLD]DZRUyZPDMąZVSyOQ\
NDQDáGR]DVLODQLDVSUĊĪRQ\PSRZLHWU]HPLMHGHQOXEGZDNDQDá\GRRGSRZLHWU]DQLD:Sá\
FLH Z\NRQDQH Vą UyZQLHĪ JZLQWRZDQH OXE ZW\NRZH SU]\áąF]D Z\MĞFLRZH GR SRGáąF]HQLD
XU]ąG]HĔRGELRUF]\FKGODNDĪGHJR]DPRFRZDQHJRQDSá\FLH]DZRUX
=DOHWą]DZRUyZSá\WRZ\FKMHVWLFKSURVWDZ\PLDQDEH]NRQLHF]QRĞFLRGáąF]DQLDSU]HZR
GyZGRXU]ąG]HĔRGELRUF]\FK3RQDGWR]DZRU\WHPDMąRRNZLĊNV]\SU]HSá\ZQLĪ
]DZRU\SU]HZRGRZH3U]\]DPDZLDQLXPHWDORZ\FKSá\WPRQROLW\F]Q\FKGODNLONX]DZRUyZ
Sá\WRZ\FK RERZLą]XMą WH VDPH UHJXá\ MDN SU]\ ]DPDZLDQLX Sá\W GOD ]DZRUyZ SU]HZRGR
Z\FKWR]QDF]\Sá\WĊQDOHĪ\]DPDZLDüGODSRWU]HEQHMLORĞFL]DZRUyZLSR]RVWDZLüUH]HUZĊ
PLHMVFDQDHZHQWXDOQHGDOV]H]DZRU\ZSU]\V]áRĞFL
5\V 7\SRZDSá\WDGR]DPRFRZDQLDSá\WRZ\FK]DZRUyZ

=DZRU\
7UDLQLQJ
0RGXáRZHZ\VS\]DZRURZH
1RZRF]HVQH UR]ZLą]DQLD Z\VS ]DZRURZ\FK PDMą NRQVWUXNFMĊ PRGXáRZą L ]DZLHUDMą
]DZRU\ L Sá\W\ SRG]DZRURZH EORNL ]DVLODQLD SQHXPDW\F]QHJR L HOHNWU\F]QHJR Z SRVWDFL
PRGXáyZNRQVWUXNF\MQ\FKSR]ZDODMąF\FKQD]PRQWRZDQLHZ\VS\]DZRURZHMRĪąGDQHMLOR
ĞFL]DZRUyZLVWDQRZLąFHMEORNIXQNFMRQDOQ\7DNLHPRGXáRZHUR]ZLą]DQLHPDWĊ]DOHWĊĪH
ZUD]LHSRWU]HE\PRĪQDáDWZRLV]\ENR]PLHQLüLORĞü]DZRUyZZZ\VSLH6ąRQHQDMF]ĊĞFLHM
SU]\VWRVRZDQHGRPRFRZDQLDQDV]\QDFKZJVWDQGDUGX',1FRXPRĪOLZLDPRQWDĪZ\VS
]DZRURZ\FKZW\SRZ\FKV]DINDFKVWHURZQLF]\FK'RGRGDWNRZHJRZ\SRVDĪHQLDUR]V]H
U]DMąFHJRPRĪOLZRĞFL]DVWRVRZDĔZ\VSQDOHĪąQSPRGXá\]JHQHUDWRUDPLSRGFLĞQLHQLD
PRGXá\LQG\ZLGXDOQHJR]DVLODQLDOXERGSRZLHWU]DQLD]DZRUX:\VS\REXGRZLHPRGXáRZHM
]UHJXá\]DZLHUDMąZHZQĊWU]QHRNDEORZDQLHHOHNWU\F]QHáąF]ąFHFHZNL]DZRUyZ]H]ELRU
F]\PJQLD]GHPHOHNWU\F]Q\PSáDVNLPWHUPLQDORZ\PW\SX'VXEOXERNUąJá\P
5\V 0RGXáRZDZ\VSD]DZRURZD]PRGXáHP]DVLODQLDHOHNWU\F]QHJR]SáDVNLPZW\NLHP
SLQRZ\PW\SX'VXE

3QHXPDW\F]QHQDSĊG\OLQLRZH
7UDLQLQJ
3DUDPHWU\VLáRZQLNyZSQHXPDW\F]Q\FK
6LáDZ\ZLHUDQDSU]H]VLáRZQLNSQHXPDW\F]Q\
6LáDZ\WZDU]DQDSU]H]VLáRZQLNSQHXPDW\F]Q\MHVW]DOHĪQDRGSRZLHU]FKQLWáRNDRNUHĞOD
QHMSU]H]MHJRĞUHGQLFĊFLĞQLHQLDSRZLHWU]DLRSRUXZ\WZDU]DQHJRSU]H]WDUFLHWáRNDLWáR
F]\VNDZXV]F]HOQLHQLDFK
6LáRZQLNL OLQLRZH SQHXPDW\F]QH PDMą QDVWĊSXMąFH ĞUHGQLFH ]JRGQLH ] ]DOHFHQLDPL QRUP

31,62L31,62V]HUHJ5
LPP
3R]DW\PLĞUHGQLFDPLVWRVRZDQHVąUyZQLHĪVLáRZQLNLPLQLDWXURZHRĞUHGQLFDFKLPP
7HRUHW\F]QąVWDW\F]QąVLáĊVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRPRĪQDREOLF]\üQDSRGVWDZLHQDVWĊ
SXMąF\FKZ]RUyZ
) $îS
) VLáD >1@
$ SRZLHU]FKQLDWáRND >P@
S FLĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]DZHZQąWU]VLáRZQLND >3D 1P@
'ODSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKVLáRZQLNyZGZXVWURQQHJRG]LDáDQLDSRGF]DVZ\VXZXWáRF]\VNDRER
ZLą]XMHZ]yU
'ĞUHGQLFDWáRND >P@
RUD]SRGF]DVSRZURWQHJRUXFKXWáRF]\VND
G ĞUHGQLFDWáRF]\VND >P@
'ODSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKVLáRZQLNyZMHGQRVWURQQHJRG]LDáDQLDWáRF]\VNRZ\FRIDQHZSRáRĪH
QLXVSRF]\QNRZ\PRERZLą]XMHZ]yU
)VVLáDĞFLĞQLĊWHMVSUĊĪ\Q\]ZURWHMQDNRĔFXVNRNX >1@

7UDLQLQJ
3U]\NáDG
3URV]ĊZ\]QDF]\üWHRUHW\F]QąĞUHGQLFĊSQHXPDW\F]QHJRVLáRZQLNDGZXVWURQQHJRG]LDáD
QLDNWyU\SU]\FLĞQLHQLXSRZLHWU]D03DPXVLUR]ZLMDüVLáĊ1
6LáDSU]\Z\VXZDQLXWáRF]\VND
=JRGQLH]SU]HGVWDZLRQ\PZ\ĪHMZ]RUHPREOLF]DP\WHRUHW\F]QąĞUHGQLFĊVLáRZQLNDSQHX
PDW\F]QHJR
6SUDZQRĞü VLáRZQLND SQHXPDW\F]QHJR Z\QRVL GR GODWHJR ]DZV]H Z\ELHUDP\
QDMEOLĪV]ą ZLĊNV]ą ĞUHGQLFĊ VLáRZQLND SQHXPDW\F]QHJR F]\OL ' PP 7HRUHW\F]QD
VLáDVLáRZQLNDRĞUHGQLF\PPSU]\FLĞQLHQLX03DZ\QRVL11VWDQRZL
WHMZDUWRĞFLPRĪQDZLĊF]DVWRVRZDüVLáRZQLNRĞUHGQLF\' PP
3U]\ Z\ERU]H ĞUHGQLF\ VLáRZQLND SQHXPDW\F]QHJR PRĪQD WHĪ SRVáXĪ\ü VLĊ SRQLĪV]\P
Z\NUHVHP
∅ (mm)
2,5 4 6 8 10 12 16 20 25 32
1000 100000
500 50000
400 40000
300
F (N)
250 25000
200 20000
150 p : (MPa) 1 0,7 0,5 15000
125 12500
100 10000
50 5000
40 4000
30
25 2500
F (N)
20 2000
15 1500
12,5 1250
10 1000
5 500
4 400
2,5 250
32 40 50 63 80 100 125 140 160 200 250 300
∅ (mm)
5\V 7HRUHW\F]QDVLáD)>1@VLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRRGĞUHGQLF\GRPPSLRQRZD

VNDOD]OHZHMVWURQ\LGRĞUHGQLF\PPSLRQRZDVNDOD]SUDZHMVWURQ\SU]\FLĞQLH
QLXSRZLHWU]DL03D

7UDLQLQJ
6LáDXĪ\WHF]QDVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJR
6LáDXĪ\WHF]QDVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJR]DOHĪ\RGPDV\SRUXV]DQ\FKHOHPHQWyZSRáą
F]RQ\FK ] WáRF]\VNLHP VLáRZQLND NąWD QDFK\OHQLD UXFKX Z VWRVXQNX GR SR]LRPX WDU
FLD FLĞQLHQLD SRZLHWU]D L SRZLHU]FKQL WáRND VLáRZQLND SQHXPDW\F]QHJR 3RQDGWR QDOHĪ\
XZ]JOĊGQLü UyZQLHĪ VSUDZQRĞü VLáRZQLND SQHXPDW\F]QHJR NWyUD Z ]DOHĪQRĞFL RG W\SX
VLáRZQLNDLFLĞQLHQLDSRZLHWU]D]DVLODMąFHJRPRĪHZ\QRVLüGRMHJRVLá\WHRUHW\F]QHM
:LHONRĞüVLá\XĪ\WHF]QHMVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJR]DOHĪ\SU]HGHZV]\VWNLPRGQDVWĊSX
MąF\FKF]\QQLNyZ
PDV\REFLąĪHQLDWáRF]\VND*U\VD
VLá\MDNDMHVWSRWU]HEQDGRSRNRQDQLDWDUFLD)5U\VE
VLá\MDNDMHVWNRQLHF]QDGRSU]\VSLHV]HQLD)DU\VF
UR]NáDGXVLáQDUyZQLSRFK\áHMU\VG
FLĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]DZHZQąWU]VLáRZQLND
SRZLHU]FKQLWáRNDVLáRZQLND
VSUDZQRĞFLVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRNWyUDZ]DOHĪQRĞFLRGW\SXVLáRZQLNDLFLĞQLHQLD
SRZLHWU]DPRĪHZ\QRVLüGRWHRUHW\F]QHMVLá\VLáRZQLND

5\V ']LDáDQLHVLáQDREFLąĪHQLH
1DFLVNZ\ZLHUDQ\SU]H]PDVĊáDGXQNXQDSRZLHU]FKQLĊQD]\ZDP\FLĊĪDUHPVLáąFLĊĪNR
ĞFL&LĊĪDUMHVWEH]SRĞUHGQLR]DOHĪQ\RGSU]\VSLHV]HQLD]LHPVNLHJRJ >PV@3U]H]
SRPQRĪHQLHPDV\áDGXQNXP>NJ@SU]H]SU]\VSLHV]HQLH]LHPVNLHJX]\VNXMHP\FLĊĪDU*>1@
* P[J >1@
3U]\UXFKXSR]LRP\PNąWĮ REFLąĪHQLHZ\ZLHUDFDáąVZRMąPDVąQDFLVNQDSRGáRĪH

F]\OLQDNRQVWUXNFMĊPDV]\Q\7RSR]ZDODQDZ\NRU]\VWDQLHFDáHMVLá\VLáRZQLNDSQHXPD
W\F]QHJR QD SU]\VSLHV]HQLH 3U]\ UXFKX SLRQRZ\P NąW Į VLáRZQLN SQHXPDW\F]Q\
PXVLSRNRQDüVLáĊZ\ZLHUDQąSU]H]PDVĊREFLąĪHQLDDE\PyFG]LDáDüQDREFLąĪHQLH]VLáą
SU]\VSLHV]DMąFą:SU]\SDGNXUyZQLSRFK\áHMRNąFLHPLĊG]\DXĪ\WHF]QDVLáDVLáRZ
QLND]XĪ\ZDQDGRSRNRQDQLDVLá\FLĊĪNRĞFLREFLąĪHQLDPLHĞFLVLĊZ]DNUHVLHRGGR
:DUWRĞüWDMHVW]DOHĪQDRGVLQXVDNąWDSRFK\OHQLDL]DZLHUDVLĊZ]DNUHVLHRGGODUXFKX
SR]LRPHJRGRGODUXFKXSLRQRZHJRU\VG

7UDLQLQJ
3U]\UXFKXSR]LRP\PNąWĮ WU]HEDSRNRQDüW\ONRWDUFLHPLĊG]\SU]HVXZDQ\PREFLą

ĪHQLHPDSRGáRĪHP6LáDNRQLHF]QDGRSRNRQDQLDWDUFLD)5MHVWRNUHĞODQDSU]H]LORF]\QFLĊ
ĪDUX*LZVSyáF]\QQLNDWDUFLDȝU\VE
:VSyáF]\QQLNWDUFLD
:VSyáF]\QQLNWDUFLDNLQHW\F]QHJRȝ
.RPELQDFMDPDWH VWDW\F]QHJRȝ+
ULDáyZ SRZLHU]FKQLD SRZLHU]FKQLD SRZLHU]FKQLD SRZLHU]FKQLD
VXFKD VPDURZDQD VXFKD VPDURZDQD
6WDORVWDO GR GR
6WDORĪHOLZR GR GR
6WDOREUą] GR GR

0HWDORWZRU]\ZR
GR
V]WXF]QH
6WDORWHÀRQ GR GR
7ZRU]\ZRV]WXF]QH
GR
RWZRU]\ZRV]WXF]QH
7DEHOD :DUWRĞFLZVSyáF]\QQLNyZWDUFLD

7UDLQLQJ
:VSyáF]\QQLNREFLąĪHQLDWáRF]\VND
:VSyáF]\QQLNREFLąĪHQLDWáRF]\VNDZ\UDĪDSURFHQWRZ\VWRVXQHNZ\PDJDQHMVLá\GRWHRUH
W\F]QHMVLá\VLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJR
7áRF]\VNRVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRSRZLQQRE\üREFLąĪDQHWDNLPREFLąĪHQLHPNWyUHQLH
SU]HNUDF]DVLá\Z\WZDU]DQHMSU]H]VLáRZQLN-HĪHOLZ\PDJDQDMHVWGRNáDGQDUHJXODFMD
SUĊGNRĞFLUXFKXWáRNDOXEJG\REFLąĪHQLHVLáRZQLNDMHVW]PLHQQHZyZF]DVZVSyáF]\QQLN
REFLąĪHQLDWáRF]\VNDSRZLQLHQZ\QRVLüGRVLá\Z\WZDU]DQHMSU]H]VLáRZQLN
: WDEHOL Z\PLHQLRQH Vą ZVSyáF]\QQLNL REFLąĪHQLD WáRF]\VND GOD VLáRZQLNyZ SQHXPDW\F]

Q\FKRGĞUHGQLF\PPGRPPSUDFXMąF\FKSRGFLĞQLHQLHPS 03DSRGUyĪ
Q\PLNąWDPLQDFK\OHQLDRUD]GODGZyFKZVSyáF]\QQLNyZWDUFLDȝ GODWDUFLDWRF]QHJR
Lȝ GODWDUFLDĞOL]JRZHJR
Ø tłoka
Masa Pionowo
obciążenia do góry 60° 45° 30° Poziomo

(mm)

(kg) μ 0,01 μ 0,2 μ 0,01 μ 0,2 μ 0,01 μ 0,2 μ 0,01 μ 0,2
25 100 - - - - - - - 4 80
50 - - - - - - - 2,2 40
25 - (87,2) (96,7) 71,5 84,9 50,9 67,4 1 20
12,5 51,8 43,6 48,3 35,7 34,2 25,4 33,7 0,5 10
32 180 - - - - - - - 4,4 -
90 - - - - - - - 2,2 43,9
45 - (95,6) - 78,4 (93,1) 55,8 73,9 1,1 22
22,5 54,9 47,8 53 39,2 46,6 27,9 37 0,55 11
40 250 - - - - - - - 3,9 78
125 - - - - - (99,2) - 2 39
65 - - - 72,4 (86) 51,6 68,3 1 20,3
35 54,6 47,6 52,8 39 46,3 27,8 36,8 0,5 10,9
50 400 - - - - - - - 4 79,9
200 - - - - - - - 2 40
100 - 87 (96,5) 71,3 84,8 50,8 67,3 1 20
50 50 43,5 48,3 35,7 42,4 25,4 33,6 0,5 0
63 650 - - - - - - - 4,1 81,8
300 - - - - - - - 1,9 37,8
150 (94,4) 82,3 (91,2) 67,4 80,1 48 63,6 0,9 18,9
75 47,2 41,1 45,6 33,7 40,1 24 31,8 0,5 9,4
80 1000 - - - - - - - 3,9 78,1
500 - - - - - - - 2 39
250 (97,6) 85 (94,3) 69,7 82,8 49,6 65,7 1 19,5
125 48,8 42,5 47,1 34,8 41,4 24,8 32,8 0,5 9,8
100 1600 - - - - - - - 4 80
800 - - - - - - - 2 40
400 - (87,0) (96,5) 71,4 84,4 50,8 67,3 1 20
200 50 43,5 48,3 35,7 42,2 25,4 33,6 0,5 10
7DEHOD :VSyáF]\QQLNLREFLąĪHQLDWáRF]\VNVLáRZQLNyZSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKSU]\FLĞQLHQLXSRZLH
WU]D]DVLODMąFHJRS 03D

7UDLQLQJ
:WDEHOLSRGDQHVąPDNV\PDOQHGRSXV]F]DOQHREFLąĪHQLDWáRF]\VNZNJGODVLáRZQL

NyZSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKRGĞUHGQLF\PPGRPPSUDFXMąF\FKSRGFLĞQLHQLHP
S 03DSU]\ZVSyáF]\QQLNXREFLąĪHQLDN RUD]GODGZyFKZVSyáF]\QQLNyZWDU
FLDȝ GODWDUFLDWRF]QHJRLȝ GODWDUFLDĞOL]JRZHJR
SLRQRZR & & & SR]LRPR

WáRND
>PP@
P P P P P P P P
7DEHOD 'RSXV]F]DOQHREFLąĪHQLHVLáRZQLNyZSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKPDVąP>NJ@SUDFXMąF\FK]H
ZVSyáF]\QQLNLHPREFLąĪHQLDN LSU]\FLĞQLHQLXURERF]\PS 03D

7UDLQLQJ
3U]\NáDG
'DQH PDVDáDGXQNX NJ

FLĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]D 03D
ĞUHGQLFDVLáRZQLND PP
ZVSyáF]\QQLNWDUFLD ȝ
NLHUXQHNUXFKX SR]LRP\
6]XNDQH WHRUHW\F]QDSUĊGNRĞüWáRNDSRXSá\ZLHMHGQHMVHNXQG\
5R]ZLą]DQLH Z WDEHOL ]QDMGXMHP\ GDQą ĞUHGQLFĊ VLáRZQLND L GOD NLHUXQNX UXFKX
ZVSyáF]\QQLNREFLąĪHQLDWáRF]\VNDN NWyU\RERZLą]XMHGODREFLą
ĪHQLDP NJ
'ODPDV\P NJZVSyáF]\QQLNREFLąĪHQLDZ\QRVL
NJ
N [
NJ
7HRUHW\F]QDVLáDGDQHJRVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRSRGF]DVZ\VXZXWáR
F]\VNDZ\QRVL)7 16LáDXĪ\WHF]QDZ\QRVL
)( )7[N 1[ 1
3U]\VSUDZQRĞFLVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRȘ Z\QLNDQDVWĊSXMąFD
VLáDVáXĪąFDGRSU]\VSLHV]HQLD
)D
)D 1[1
6LáDSU]\VSLHV]HQLD PDVD[SU]\VSLHV]HQLH
)D P[D
6WąG
) 1
D PV
P NJ
7HRUHW\F]QLHRVLąJDOQDSUĊGNRĞüWáRNDSRMHGQHMVHNXQG]LHZ\QRVLPQLHMZLĊFHMY PV
7HQZ\QLNMHVWMHGQDNW\ONRWHRUHW\F]Q\SRQLHZDĪZSUDNW\FHSRZLHWU]HZ\Sá\ZD]VLáRZ
QLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRSU]H]RWZyURRJUDQLF]RQHMĞUHGQLF\2SyUSRZLHWU]DZ\ZLHUDQDWáRN
VLáĊRNUHĞODQąMDNRREFLąĪHQLHSQHXPDW\F]QH,PZLĊNV]DMHVWSUĊGNRĞüWáRNDW\PZLĊNV]H
MHVWREFLąĪHQLHSQHXPDW\F]QHNWyUHVWDELOL]XMHSUĊGNRĞüUXFKXWáRND
6LáRZQLNL SQHXPDW\F]QH R ZVSyáF]\QQLNX REFLąĪHQLD WáRF]\VND N L VSUDZQRĞFL

Ș G\VSRQXMąVLá\GODREFLąĪHQLDSQHXPDW\F]QHJR±VWDELOL]DFMLSUĊGNRĞFLWáRND
-HĪHOL REFLąĪHQLH WáRF]\VND PDVD SRUXV]DQHJR HOHPHQWX Z]URĞQLH W\ONR R ZyZ
F]DVZDUWRĞüREFLąĪHQLDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRVSDGQLHRSRáRZĊ3U]\ZDUWRĞFLZVSyáF]\QQLND
REFLąĪHQLDWáRF]\VNDN ]PLDQ\PHFKDQLF]QHJRREFLąĪHQLDWáRF]\VNDPDMąPLQLPDOQ\
ZSá\ZQDREFLąĪHQLHSQHXPDW\F]QH

7UDLQLQJ
2EFLąĪHQLHZ\ERF]HQLRZHWáRF]\VNDVLáRZQLND
2EFLąĪHQLHZ\ERF]HQLRZHWáRF]\VNDVLáRZQLNDPRĪHZ\VWąSLüZMHGQ\POXEREX]SRQLĪ
V]\FKSU]\SDGNyZ
REFLąĪHQLHWáRF]\VNDSU]H]QDFLVN
JG\REFLąĪRQ\VLáRZQLNSQHXPDW\F]Q\MHVWUHODW\ZQLHGáXJLLRQLHZLHONLHMĞUHGQLF\
3LHUZV]\SU]\SDGHNZ\VWĊSXMHZWHG\JG\VLáRZQLNSQHXPDW\F]Q\MHVWXVWDZLRQ\SLRQRZR
LSRGQRVLOXESRS\FKDáDGXQHNZW\PNLHUXQNX'UXJLSU]\SDGHNZ\VWĊSXMHZWHG\JG\PDN
V\PDOQ\VNRNVLáRZQLND]DOHFDQ\ZNDWDORJXGODGDQHMĞUHGQLF\LFLĞQLHQLDSUDF\]RVWDQLH
SU]HNURF]RQ\
1DU\VSU]HGVWDZLRQRF]WHU\JáyZQHSU]\SDGNLREFLąĪHQLDZ\ERF]HQLRZHJRWáRF]\VND
VLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJR
VWDáH]DPRFRZDQLHVLáRZQLNDVWDáHSRáąF]HQLHWáRF]\VND]REFLąĪHQLHPREFLąĪHQLHWáR
F]\VNDEH]SURZDG]HQLD
PRFRZDQLHZDKOLZH]REXVWURQNRUSXVVLáRZQLNDLWáRF]\VNR
VWDáH]PRFRZDQLHVLáRZQLNDSRáąF]HQLHWáRF]\VND]REFLąĪHQLHPSU]H]SU]HJXEREFLą
ĪHQLH]SURZDG]HQLHP
VWDáH ]DPRFRZDQLH VLáRZQLND VWDáH SRáąF]HQLH WáRF]\VND ] REFLąĪHQLHP REFLąĪHQLH
]SURZDG]HQLHP
5\V &]WHU\SRGVWDZRZHSU]\SDGNLREFLąĪHQLDZ\ERF]HQLRZHJRWáRF]\VNDVLáRZQLNDSQHXPD
W\F]QHJR
'ODV]\ENLHMGHF\]MLPRĪQD]DVWRVRZDü]DOHĪQRĞü]QDQą]SUDNW\NLVNRNVLáRZQLNDRĞUHG
QLF\ SRZ\ĪHM PP QLH SRZLQLHQ SU]HNUDF]Dü WU]\NURWQRĞFL MHJR ĞUHGQLF\ D VLáRZQLNyZ
RPQLHMV]\FKĞUHGQLFDFKQLHSRZLQLHQSU]HNUDF]DüSLĊFLRNURWQRĞFLMHJRĞUHGQLF\

7UDLQLQJ
=XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]DSU]H]VLáRZQLNLSQHXPDW\F]QH
5R]UyĪQLDP\GZLHPHWRG\RNUHĞODQLD]XĪ\FLDSRZLHWU]DSU]H]VLáRZQLNLSQHXPDW\F]QH
3LHUZV]\VSRVyEWRĞUHGQLH]XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]DQDPLQXWĊ7DLQIRUPDFMDVáXĪ\GRXVWDOHQLD
ZLHONRĞFLVSUĊĪDUNLLSU]HZRGyZGRSURZDG]DMąF\FK-HVWUyZQLHĪXĪ\ZDQDGRREOLF]DQLD
NRV]WyZHQHUJLLLNRV]WyZRJyOQ\FK
'UXJLVSRVyEWRFKZLORZHPDNV\PDOQH]XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]D7DLQIRUPDFMDVáXĪ\GRZáDĞFL
ZHJRXVWDOHQLDZLHONRĞFL]DZRUXĞUHGQLF\SU]HZRGyZSU]\áąF]HNSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKLRNUH
ĞOHQLD ZLHONRĞFL ]HVWDZX SU]\JRWRZDQLD VSUĊĪRQHJR SRZLHWU]D 7D ZDUWRĞü MHVW UyZQLHĪ
XZDUXQNRZDQDSUĊGNRĞFLąUXFKXWáRNDWáRF]\VND=XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]DSU]H]PDV]\QĊMHVW
RNUHĞODQHSU]H]VXPĊPDNV\PDOQHJR]XĪ\FLDZV]\VWNLFKMHGQRF]HĞQLHSUDFXMąF\FKVLáRZ
QLNyZ
ĝUHGQLH]XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]DQDPLQXWĊ
ĝUHGQLH]XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]DQDPLQXWĊMHVWGH¿QLRZDQHSU]H]LORF]\Q
3RZLHU]FKQLD WáRND [ VNRN VLáRZQLND [ FLĞQLHQLH DEVROXWQH SRZLHWU]D [ OLF]ED VNRNyZ QD
PLQXWĊ
4 ]XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]D >1OPLQ@
ĞUHGQLDVWDáDZDĪQDGODNRPSHQVDFMLVWUDWWHUPRG\QDPLF]Q\FK
' ĞUHGQLFDWáRND >PP@
+ VNRNWáRND >PP@
S FLĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]DZVLáRZQLNX >03D@
GR ZDUWRĞFL URERF]HJR FLĞQLHQLD SRZLHWU]D WU]HED GROLF]\ü 03D GRNáDGQLH
03D -HĪHOL WáRN ]QDMGXMH VLĊ Z SRáRĪHQLX NUDĔFRZ\P ± Z\FRIDQ\P REMĊWRĞü
SRZLHWU]DZVLáRZQLNXMHVW]HURZD*G\WáRF]\VNR]RVWDQLHUĊF]QLHZ\VXQLĊWHGRSRáRĪHQLD
NUDĔFRZHJRVLáRZQLNZ\SHáQLDVLĊSRZLHWU]HPRFLĞQLHQLXDWPRVIHU\F]Q\P
Q LORĞüVNRNyZQDPLQXWĊ >PLQ@

7UDLQLQJ
:WDEHOLSRGDQHMHVW]XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]D>1O@SU]H]SQHXPDW\F]QHVLáRZQLNLGZXVWURQ
QHJR G]LDáDQLD R VNRNX PP QD MHGHQ VNRN ] XZ]JOĊGQLHQLHP WHUPRG\QDPLF]Q\FK
]PLDQREMĊWRĞFL
WáRND &LĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]D03D

PP

7DEHOD =XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]DZ1OSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKVLáRZQLNyZGZXVWURQQHJRG]LDáDQLDRVNRNX
PP
3RQDGWRQDOHĪ\XZ]JOĊGQLüĪH
SRGDQHZWDEHOL]XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]DQLHREHMPXMHSRMHPQRĞFLSU]HZRGyZáąF]ąF\FK
WUDQVSRUWVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]DSU]HQRV]HQLHHQHUJLLZSUDNW\FHQLHZ\VWĊSXMHEH]
VWUDW
=XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]DXZDUXQNRZDQHSRMHPQRĞFLąSU]HZRGyZGRSURZDG]DMąF\FKSRZLHWU]D
-HĪHOLSU]HZRG\áąF]ąFH]DZyU]VLáRZQLNLHPSQHXPDW\F]Q\PVąGáXJLHZyZF]DVQDOHĪ\
XZ]JOĊGQLüSRMHPQRĞüSU]HZRGyZZFDáNRZLW\P]XĪ\FLXSRZLHWU]D
4 ]XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]D >1OPLQ@
ZVSyáF]\QQLNNRPSHQVDFMLVWUDWWHUPRG\QDPLF]Q\FK
G+ ZHZQĊWU]QDĞUHGQLFDSU]HZRGX >PP@
/ GáXJRĞüSU]HZRGX >PP@
S FLĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]DZSU]HZRG]LH >03D@
Q LORĞüVNRNyZQDPLQXWĊ >PLQ@

7UDLQLQJ
3U]\NáDG
1DOHĪ\REOLF]\üJRG]LQRZHNRV]W\]XĪ\FLDHQHUJLLSU]H]VLáRZQLNSQHXPDW\F]Q\RĞUHGQLF\
' PPLVNRNX+ PP6LáRZQLNZ\NRQXMHF\NOLZ\VXZLSRZUyWWáRF]\VNDQD
PLQXWĊL]DVLODQ\MHVWSRZLHWU]HPRFLĞQLHQLXS 03D
=WDEHOLZ\QLNDĪHVLáRZQLNRĞUHGQLF\PPLVNRNXPP]XĪ\ZDOSRZLH
WU]DQDZ\NRQDQLHMHGQHJRVNRNX7HMZDUWRĞFLQDOHĪ\XĪ\üGRREOLF]HQLDĞUHGQLHJR]XĪ\
FLDSRZLHWU]DQDPLQXWĊ
4 ]XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]DQDMHGHQVNRNPP[VNRNVLáRZQLND[LORĞüVNRNyZ
'R Z\WZRU]HQLD 1P SRZLHWU]D SRWU]HED RNRáR N: HQHUJLL HOHNWU\F]QHM

N: HQHUJLL HOHNWU\F]QHM NRV]WXMH QHWWR Z ]DOHĪQRĞFL RG JUXS\ WDU\IRZHM RG GR
]á]9$7HPRGGR]á
3U]\MPXMąFNRV]WĞUHGQL]áN:1PSRZLHWU]DNRV]WXMHZLĊFRN]á
:HGáXJGDQ\FK]SU]\NáDGXNRV]W]XĪ\FLD1OZFLąJXPLQWRRN]á
.RV]WSRZLHWU]D]XĪ\WHJRZFLąJXJRG]LQ\WRRN]á

7UDLQLQJ
&KZLORZHPDNV\PDOQH]XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]D
&KZLORZHPDNV\PDOQH]XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]DMHVWGH¿QLRZDQHSU]H]LORF]\Q
3RZLHU]FKQLDWáRND[SUĊGNRĞüWáRND[DEVROXWQHFLĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]D
4 PDNV\PDOQH]XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]D >1OPLQ@
ZVSyáF]\QQLNNRPSHQVDFMLVWUDWWHUPRG\QDPLF]Q\FK
' ĞUHGQLFDWáRND >PP@
Y SUĊGNRĞüWáRNDWáRF]\VND >PPV@
S FLĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]DZVLáRZQLNX >03D@
SU]HQLHVLHQLDQDPLQXWĊ >PLQ@
:WDEHOLSRGDQHMHVWPDNV\PDOQHFKZLORZH]XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]D1OPLQSU]H]VLáRZQLN

SQHXPDW\F]Q\SU]\UyĪQ\FKSUĊGNRĞFLDFKWáRNDLFLĞQLHQLXURERF]\PS 03D3RGDQH
ZDUWRĞFLREHMPXMąUyZQLHĪNRPSHQVDFMĊWHUPLF]Q\FK]PLDQREMĊWRĞFL'ODLQQ\FKFLĞQLHĔ
NRQLHF]QHMHVWVNRU\JRZDQLH]XĪ\FLDSRZLHWU]DRGSRZLHGQLąPHWRGą
7DEHOD 0DNV\PDOQHFKZLORZH]XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]DZ1OPLQSQHXPDW\F]QHJRVLáRZQLNDGZX
VWURQQHJRG]LDáDQLDSU]\FLĞQLHQLXURERF]\PS 03D

7UDLQLQJ
3U]\NáDG
3URV]Ċ REOLF]\ü FKZLORZH PDNV\PDOQH ]XĪ\FLH SRZLHWU]D SU]H] VLáRZQLN SQHXPDW\F]Q\

RĞUHGQLF\' PPNWyUHJRWáRF]\VNRSRUXV]DVLĊ]SUĊGNRĞFLąY PPV&LĞQLHQLH
URERF]HZ\QRVLS 03D
0DNV\PDOQH ]XĪ\FLH VSUĊĪRQHJR SRZLHWU]D Z Z\PLHQLRQ\P SU]\NáDG]LH PRĪQD UyZQLHĪ

RGF]\WDü]Z\NUHVXQDU\V
3RVWĊSRZDQLHSU]\NRU]\VWDQLX]Z\NUHVX
ø tłoka (mm)
RGSXQNWXSUĊGNRĞFLWáRF]\VNDPPV
SURZDG]LP\ OLQLĊ SR]LRPą GR SU]HFLĊFLD
]OLQLąFLĞQLHQLDS 03DSXQNWÄ´
RG SXQNWX Ä´ SURZDG]LP\ OLQLĊ SLRQRZą

max. zużycie powietrza Q [Nl/min]
GR SU]HFLĊFLD ] OLQLą ĞUHGQLF\ PP

SXQNWÄ´
Max. zużycie powietrza Q [Nl/min]
]SXQNWXÄ´SURZDG]LP\OLQLĊSR]LRPąGR
SU]HFLĊFLD]RVLąPD[]XĪ\FLDSRZLHWU]D
LRGF]\WXMHP\ZDUWRĞü4 1OPLQ
SRGDQ\ Z\NUHV QLH XZ]JOĊGQLD VWUDW WHU

PRG\QDPLF]Q\FK RWU]\PDQą ZDUWRĞü
QDOHĪ\SRPQRĪ\üSU]H]ZVSyáF]\QQLN
4PD[ 1OPLQ[ 1OPLQ

Prędkość ruchu tłoczyska [mm/s]
Ciśnienie powietrza [MPa]
5\V :\NUHVGODRNUHĞOHQLDPDNV\PDOQHJR]XĪ\FLDSRZLHWU]DSU]H]VLáRZQLNSQHXPDW\F]Q\

7UDLQLQJ
3UĊGNRĞüWáRND±WáRF]\VND
1DSUĊGNRĞüWáRND±WáRF]\VNDZSá\ZPDMą
QDGZ\ĪNDVLá\GRSU]\VSLHV]HQLDZVSyáF]\QQLNREFLąĪHQLDWáRF]\VND
FLĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]D
UyĪQLFDFLĞQLHĔZHZQąWU]VLáRZQLND]DLSU]HGWáRNLHPZNLHUXQNXMHJRUXFKX-HMZLHO
NRĞüMHVWJáyZQLH]DOHĪQDRGSUĊGNRĞFL]MDNąVWUXPLHĔSRZLHWU]DZ\GRVWDMHVLĊ]VLáRZ
QLNDSU]HGWáRNLHP
,PPQLHMV]DZDUWRĞüZVSyáF]\QQLNDREFLąĪHQLDWáRF]\VNDW\PGRNáDGQLHMPRĪQDUHJXORZDü
SUĊGNRĞüUXFKXWáRF]\VND'RUHJXODFMLSUĊGNRĞFLWáRNDQDMF]ĊĞFLHMVWRVXMHVLĊ]DZRU\GáD
ZLąFH]ZEXGRZDQ\P]DZRUHP]ZURWQ\P5R]UyĪQLDP\GáDZLHQLHSRZLHWU]DQDZHMĞFLXGR
VLáRZQLNDLGáDZLHQLHSRZLHWU]DQDZ\MĞFLX]VLáRZQLNDSDWU]U\VL
=DVWRVRZDQLH]DZRUXV]\ENLHJRVSXVWX
'XĪD SUĊGNRĞü WáRND MHVW ]DOHĪQD QLH W\ONR RG FLĞQLHQLD SRZLHWU]D ]D WáRNLHP DOH WHĪ RG
V]\ENLHJRREQLĪDQLDFLĞQLHQLDSU]HGWáRNLHPDPLDQRZLFLHSRSU]H]V]\ENLHRGSURZDG]D
QLHSRZLHWU]D]SU]HVWU]HQLSU]HGWáRNLHPGRDWPRVIHU\'RWHJRFHOX]DSURMHNWRZDQRW]Z
]DZRU\V]\ENLHJRVSXVWXSDWU]U\V

7UDLQLQJ
(QHUJLDNLQHW\F]QD
-HĪHOLUXFKRPHHOHPHQW\QDSĊGXSQHXPDW\F]QHJRSRUXV]DMąVLĊUXFKHPSURVWROLQLRZ\P
OXE ZDKOLZ\P UXFKHP REURWRZ\P L QD NRĔFX VNRNX QDSĊGX RVLąJDMą SUĊGNRĞü SRZ\ĪHM
PPV ZyZF]DV SRMDZLD VLĊ QLHEH]SLHF]HĔVWZR XV]NRG]HQLD PHFKDQL]PX QDSĊGX
SU]\]GHU]HQLX]QLHUXFKRP\PRJUDQLF]QLNLHPUXFKXQDVNXWHNRGG]LDá\ZDQLHQHUJLLNLQH
W\F]QHMREFLąĪHQLDáąF]QHMPDV\REFLąĪHQLDQDSĊGXLMHJRHOHPHQWyZUXFKRP\FK'ODWHJR
RERZLą]XMHRJyOQD]DVDGDSU]\SUĊGNRĞFLDFKPPVLZLĊFHM]DZV]HPXV]ąE\üVWRVR
ZDQH]HZQĊWU]QHRJUDQLF]QLNL]WáXPLHQLHPHQHUJLL
'RSXV]F]DOQąHQHUJLĊNLQHW\F]QąGODNDĪGHJRQDSĊGXSQHXPDW\F]QHJRSRGDMąV]F]HJy
áRZHNDWDORJLZUD]LHNRQLHF]QRĞFLSURVLP\RNRQWDNW]¿UPą60&
(QHUJLDNLQHW\F]QDQDSĊGXRUXFKXSURVWROLQLRZ\P

(N PîY

(N HQHUJLDNLQHW\F]QDREFLąĪHQLD >- 1P@
P PDVDSRUXV]DMąF\FKVLĊHOHPHQWyZREFLąĪHQLDLQDSĊGX >NJ@
Y SUĊGNRĞüZPRPHQFLH]GHU]HQLD >PV@
(QHUJLDNLQHW\F]QDREUDFDMąFHJRVLĊZLUXMąFHJRRELHNWX

5yZQDQLHGRREOLF]HQLDHQHUJLLNLQHW\F]QHMRELHNWXREUDFDMąFHJRVLĊZRNyáRVLMHVWZSU]\
EOLĪHQLXWDNLHVDPRMDNGODRELHNWXSRUXV]DMąFHJRVLĊUXFKHPSURVWROLQLRZ\P:PLHMVFH
PDV\ P RELHNWX SRGVWDZLD VLĊ PDVRZ\ PRPHQW EH]ZáDGQRĞFL , D Z PLHMVFH SUĊGNRĞFL
OLQLRZHMNąWRZąSUĊGNRĞüȦQDNRĔFXUXFKXURWDF\MQHJR
(Ȧ òî,îȦ
(Ȧ HQHUJLDNLQHW\F]QDZLUXMąFHJRRELHNWX >- 1P@
, PDVRZ\PRPHQWEH]ZáDGQRĞFL >NJP@
Ȧ SUĊGNRĞüNąWRZDQDNRĔFXUXFKXURWDF\MQHJR >UDGV@

7UDLQLQJ
5yĪQHVSRVRE\SRFKáDQLDQLDHQHUJLLNLQHW\F]QHM
3RFKáDQLDQLHHQHUJLL]DSRPRFąHOHPHQWyZHODVW\F]Q\FK
6SUĊĪ\Q\]ZURWQHL]DEH]SLHF]HQLDSU]HFLZXGDURZH]HODVW\F]Q\FKPDWHULDáyZJXPDHOD
VWRPHU\LWGWRHOHPHQW\VWRVRZDQHGRSRFKáDQLDQLDHQHUJLLNLQHW\F]QHM3RFKáDQLDQDHQHU
JLDNLQHW\F]QDMHVWNXPXORZDQDL]ZUDFDQDSRGF]DVUXFKXSRZURWQHJR3RFKáDQLDQLHHQHU
JLL SU]\ XĪ\FLX HOHPHQWyZ HODVW\F]Q\FK VWRVXMH VLĊ Z SU]\SDGNDFK QLHZLHONLFK ZDUWRĞFL
HQHUJLLNLQHW\F]QHMREFLąĪHQLD
3RFKáDQLDQLHHQHUJLLSU]H]FLHF]H
:WáXPLNDFKFLHF]RZ\FKQDMF]ĊĞFLHMROHMRZ\FKFLHF]SU]HSá\ZDSU]H]NDQDáNWyUHJRSU]H
NUyM QDMF]ĊĞFLHM PRĪQD UHJXORZDü 3U]\ ]PQLHMV]DMąF\P VLĊ SU]HNURMX SU]H] NWyU\ SU]H
Sá\ZDROHMURĞQLHMHJRFLĞQLHQLH3RFKáDQLDQLHHQHUJLLQDVWĊSXMHQDGURG]HNLONXNLONXQD
VWXPLOLPHWUyZFRPRĪQDVWZLHUG]LüSRZ]URĞFLHFLĞQLHQLDLWHPSHUDWXU\ROHMX&LHSáRMHVW
RGGDZDQHSU]H]SRZLHU]FKQLĊWáXPLNDGRRWRF]HQLD3RGF]DVUXFKXSRZURWQHJRFLĞQLHQLH
ROHMXSU]HVXZDWáRNWáXPLNDGRSRáRĪHQLDZ\MĞFLRZHJR
7áXPLHQLHSRZLHWU]HP
7áXPLHQLHSQHXPDW\F]QHMHVWF]ĊVWRVSRW\NDQ\PHOHPHQWHPSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKVLáRZQLNyZ
LQDSĊGyZZDKOLZ\FK3RQLHZDĪSRZLHWU]HMHVWĞFLĞOLZHSRFKáDQLDQLH HQHUJLLNLQHW\F]QHM
QDVWĊSXMHW\ONRQDNRĔFXVNRNXWáRNDVLáRZQLND3RZLHWU]HMHVWVSUĊĪDQHZPDáHMSU]HVWU]HQL
GRZ\VRNLHJRFLĞQLHQLDLZUD]]H]DNXPXORZDQąHQHUJLąSU]HFLZG]LDáDUXFKRZLWáRND&LH
SáRSRZVWDMąFHZZ\QLNXZ]URVWXFLĞQLHQLDSRZLHWU]DMHVWRGSURZDG]DQHGRRWRF]HQLD
$PRUW\]DWRU\K\GUDXOLF]QH
7H WáXPLNL SRFKáDQLDMą HQHUJLĊ NLQHW\F]Qą UyZQRPLHUQLH QD FDáHM GáXJRĞFL VNRNX DPRUW\
]DWRUD L Z\NRU]\VWXMą ]QDF]QLH PQLHMV]ą VLáĊ RSRUX K\GURG\QDPLF]QHJR GR ]DWU]\PDQLD
WáRNDVLáRZQLNDQLĪLQQHHOHPHQW\WáXPLąFHSDWU]U\V(QHUJLDNLQHW\F]QDMHVWZQLFK
]DPLHQLDQDZHQHUJLĊFLHSOQą5yZQRF]HĞQLH]SRFKáDQLDQLHPHQHUJLLNLQHW\F]QHMUyZQR
PLHUQLHMHVW]PQLHMV]DQDSUĊGNRĞüUXFKXWáRNDDPRUW\]DWRUDDĪGRMHJRFDáNRZLWHJRXQLHUX
FKRPLHQLD7ĊPHWRGĊWáXPLHQLDHQHUJLLNLQHW\F]QHMPRĪQDX]QDü]DRSW\PDOQą

7UDLQLQJ
:\NUHVVLá\UHDNFMLZ]DOHĪQRĞFLRGVNRNXWáXPLND
5\V SU]HGVWDZLD FKDUDNWHU\VW\NĊ ]PLDQ VLá\ UHDNFML DPRUW\]DWRUyZ K\GUDXOLF]Q\FK
ZSRUyZQDQLX]LQQ\PLPHWRGDPLSRFKáDQLDQLDHQHUJLLNLQHW\F]QHM
F (Siła reakcji - hamowania)
Tłumik elastyczny
Tłumik cieczowy
Tłumik sprężynowy
Amortyzator hydrauliczny
se (skuteczna droga tłumienia)
5\V :\NUHV]DOHĪQRĞFLPLĊG]\VLáąUHDNFMLWáXPLNDDGURJąWáXPLHQLDGODUyĪQ\FKPHWRGSR
FKáDQLDQLDHQHUJLLNLQHW\F]QHM
:áDĞFLZLHGREUDQHDPRUW\]DWRU\K\GUDXOLF]QHSRFKáDQLDMąHQHUJLĊNLQHW\F]QąQDPRĪOLZLH
QDMNUyWV]HM GURG]H ] PLQLPDOQą VLáą KDPRZDQLD 3UDFD Z\NRQ\ZDQD SU]H] DPRUW\]DWRU\
K\GUDXOLF]QH: )[VHNWyUąQDZ\NUHVLHSU]HGVWDZLDFLHPQDSRZLHU]FKQLDMHVWZLĊN
V]DQLĪSUDFDZ\NRQDQDSU]\]DVWRVRZDQLXNWyUHMNROZLHN]SR]RVWDá\FKPHWRGWáXPLHQLD

7UDLQLQJ
']LDáDQLHDPRUW\]DWRUDK\GUDXOLF]QHJR
:VWDQLHVSRF]\QNRZ\PZHZQĊWU]QDSU]HVWU]HĔDPRUW\]DWRUDMHVWZ\SHáQLRQDROHMHP
3RUXV]DMąF\VLĊHOHPHQWQDSĊGXSQHXPDW\F]QHJRSR]HWNQLĊFLX]WáRF]\VNLHPDPRUW\]D
WRUDSRS\FKDMHZSUDZRZZ\QLNX]PQLHMV]HQLDREMĊWRĞFLURĞQLHFLĞQLHQLHROHMXZWáRNX
2OHMSU]HSá\ZD]H]ZLĊNV]RQ\PFLĞQLHQLHPSU]H]FDá\V]HUHJRWZRUyZZWáRNX
GRDNXPXODWRUD:Z\QLNXĞFLĞQLĊFLDROHMXSRZVWDMHVLáDK\GUDXOLF]QDNWyUDSU]HFLZ
G]LDáD UXFKRZL WáRND D W\P VDP\P WDNĪH NLHUXQNRZL G]LDáDQLD HQHUJLL NLQHW\F]QHM NWyUD
XOHJDVWRSQLRZHPXSRFKáRQLĊFLX
1DSRF]ąWNXUXFKXWáRF]\VNDVLáDUHDNFMLDPRUW\]DWRUDMHVWPDáDZSRUyZQDQLXGRVLá\Z\ZLH
UDQHMSU]H]QDSĊG6LáD]ZLĊNV]DVLĊVWRSQLRZRZUD]]ZVXZDQLHPVLĊWáRF]\VNDGRZQĊWU]D
DPRUW\]DWRUDDĪGRX]\VNDQLDZDUWRĞFLPDNV\PDOQHM7R]DSRELHJDWZDUGHPX]GHU]HQLX
ZPRPHQFLH]HWNQLĊFLD]WáRF]\VNLHPDPRUW\]DWRUDDWDNĪH]DSHZQLDVWRSQLRZH]ZLĊNV]D
QLHVLĊVLá\SU]HFLZG]LDáDMąFHMVLá\KDPRZDQLDUXFKRZLWáRNDQDSĊGX
2OHMSU]HSá\ZDSU]H]RWZRU\]WáRNDGRDNXPXODWRUD$NXPXODWRUWZRU]\SLHUĞFLHĔ

]JXP\V\QWHW\F]QHM:W\PPDWHULDOH]QDMGXMHVLĊRJURPQDLORĞüSĊFKHU]\NyZSRZLHWU]D
VWąG DNXPXODWRU MHVW EDUG]R HODVW\F]Q\ 2OHM GRSURZDG]RQ\ GR DNXPXODWRUD ĞFLVND SLHU
ĞFLHĔLZ\SHáQLDXZROQLRQąSU]HVWU]HĔ
3RGF]DVUXFKXSRZURWQHJRQDSĊGXQDWáRF]\VNRQLHMHVWZ\ZLHUDQ\QDFLVNLMHVWRQR
Z\SLHUDQH]ZQĊWU]DDPRUW\]DWRUDSU]H]VSUĊĪ\Qą]ZURWQą&LĞQLHQLHZWáRF]\VNX
]PQLHMV]D VLĊ RWZLHUD VLĊ ]DZyU ]ZURWQ\ Z SRGVWDZLH WáRND L ROHM MHVW Z\SLHUDQ\
]DNXPXODWRUD]SRZURWHPGRSU]HVWU]HQLWáRNDLWáRF]\VND$PRUW\]DWRUMHVWJRWRZ\GR
NROHMQHJRXĪ\FLD
5\V 3U]HNUyMZ]GáXĪQ\SU]H]DPRUW\]DWRU

7UDLQLQJ
:\EyUDPRUW\]DWRUDXGHU]HĔ
:DUXQNLHP ZáDĞFLZHJR Z\ERUX DPRUW\]DWRUD MHVW SRVLDGDQLH SHZQHJR ]DVREX ZLHG]\
Z]DNUHVLHNLQHW\NLLNLQHPDW\NL3UREOHPHPRND]XMHVLĊRNUHĞOHQLHSUDZLGáRZ\FKZDUWRĞFL
VLá\PDV\LSUĊGNRĞFLUXFKXREFLąĪHQLDNWyUHJRHQHUJLĊNLQHW\F]QąPDSRFKáDQLDüDPRU
W\]DWRU : PRPHQFLH ]HWNQLĊFLD VLĊ SRUXV]DMąFHM VLĊ PDV\ ] DPRUW\]DWRUHP GOD Z\ERUX
DPRUW\]DWRUDGHWHUPLQXMąFHVąQDVWĊSXMąFHF]\QQLNL
ZLHONRĞüSRUXV]DMąFHMVLĊPDV\
SUĊGNRĞüZPRPHQFLH]GHU]HQLD]DPRUW\]DWRUHP
VLáDXU]ąG]HQLDQDSĊGRZHJRG]LDáDMąFDQDSRUXV]DMąFąVLĊPDVĊ
OLF]EDF\NOLURERF]\FKDPRUW\]DWRUDZRNUHĞORQHMMHGQRVWFHF]DVX
1D SRGVWDZLH W\FK GDQ\FK PRĪQD REOLF]\ü ZáDĞFLZ\ DPRUW\]DWRU GOD SU]\SDGNyZ
]DVWRVRZDQLD:RSDUFLXRVSRVyEG]LDáDQLDHQHUJLLREFLąĪHQLDQDDPRUW\]DWRUGRREOLF]H
QLDVWRVXMHVLĊRGSRZLHGQLZ]yU
Siłownik Siłownik Siłownik Zderzenie Masa na

Rodzaj z z z Zderzenie pionowe ramieniu
obciążenia obciążeniem obciążeniem obciążeniem poziome – swobodny napędu
z dołu z góry spadek
v v v v v √2gh =ω
Wzór do obliczenia
2 2 2 2 2
m×v m×v m×v m×v Iω
E1 ———— ———— ———— ———— m×g×h ———
2 2 2 2 2
M
E2 F × s F×s+m×g×s F×s-m×g×s – m×g×s ———
R ×s
E E1 + E2 E1 + E2 E1 + E2 E1 E1 + E2 E1 + E2
2E 2E 2E 2E 2E
me ——— ——— ———
m ——— ———
v2 v2 v2 v2 v 2
5\V :]RU\GRREOLF]HQLDDPRUW\]DWRUD

:GDQ\FKNDWDORJRZ\FKDPRUW\]DWRUyZMHVWSRGDQDHQHUJLDSRFKáDQLDQDSU]H]DPRUW\]D
WRU(OXEPDVDHIHNW\ZQDRELHNWXPHáąF]QLH]SU]\NáDGDPLREOLF]HĔGOD]Z\Ná\FK]DVWR
VRZDĔWáXPLNDZSUDNW\FH
Symbol Wielkość Jednostki

v Prędkość m/s
g Przyspieszenie grawitacyjne 9,81 m/s2
h Wysokość swobodnego spadku m
ω Prędkość kątowa rad/s
R Promień obrotu m
m Masa kg
I Moment bezwładności kgm2
F Siła napędu N
s Skok amortyzatora m
M Moment obrotowy Nm
E Energia całkowita J = Nm
E1 Energia kinetyczna J = Nm
E2 Praca siły napędowej/siły ciężkości J = Nm
me Efektywna masa amortyzowana kg
7DEHOD 6\PEROHLZLHONRĞFLVWRVRZDQHGRREOLF]HQLDDPRUW\]DURUD

7UDLQLQJ
6LáDUHDNFMLKDPRZDQLD
7DVLáDSU]HQRVLVLĊ]DPRUW\]DWRUDSU]H]]DPRFRZDQLHOXEEH]SRĞUHGQLRQDNRQVWUXNFMĊ
PDV]\Q\2EOLF]DVLĊMąQDSRGVWDZLHQDVWĊSXMąFHJRZ]RUX
)E VLáDKDPRZDQLDUHDNFML >1@
( HQHUJLDFDáNRZLWD >- 1P@
VH HIHNW\ZQDGURJDWáXPLHQLDVNRNDPRUW\]DWRUD >P@
=DOHFHQLDGRW\F]ąFHPRFRZDQLDDPRUW\]DWRUD
$E\ ]DSHZQLü EH]DZDU\MQą SUDFĊ DPRUW\]DWRUyZ L QLH SU]\VSLHV]\ü LFK ]XĪ\FLD QDOHĪ\
SR]D SUDZLGáRZ\P REOLF]HQLHP ZLHONRĞFL L W\SX DPRUW\]DWRUyZ SU]HVWU]HJDü QDVWĊSXMą
F\FK]DOHFHĔGRW\F]ąF\FKLFKPRFRZDQLDLPRQWDĪX
1LH ZROQR XĪ\ZDü DPRUW\]DWRUyZ MDNR VWDá\FK ]GHU]DNyZ L Z\NRU]\VW\

ZDü LFK FDá\ VNRN R]QDF]RQ\ Z NDWDORJX MDNR ÄV³ QDOHĪ\ VNUyFLü VNRN RGSR
ZLHGQLR GR ZLHONRĞFL DPRUW\]DWRUD R GR PP 7HQ VNUyFRQ\ VNRN
VH V±VWRVXMHVLĊGRGRERUXDPRUW\]DWRUD&DáNRZLW\VNRNDPRUW\]DWRUD
SRZLQLHQE\üRJUDQLF]RQ\DOER]HZQĊWU]Q\P]GHU]DNLHPDOERQDNUĊWNąVáXĪąFąMHGQR
F]HĞQLH]DRJUDQLF]QLN
5\V 1DNUĊWNDRJUDQLF]DMąFDVNRNDPRUW\]DWRUD

7UDLQLQJ
2JUDQLF]QLNLZHZQĊWU]QHL]HZQĊWU]QH
(OHPHQW\ Z\MĞFLRZH QDSĊGyZ SQHXPDW\F]Q\FK WáRF]\VND ZDáNL QDSĊGyZ REURWRZ\FK
PRJą RVLąJDü EH] ĪDGQHJR SUREOHPX GXĪH SUĊGNRĞFL L F]ĊVWRWOLZRĞFL URERF]H 3UREOHP
VWDQRZLQDWRPLDVWWáXPLHQLH±SRFKáDQLDQLHHQHUJLLNLQHW\F]QHMSRUXV]DMąFHJRVLĊREFLąĪH
QLD=DFKRG]LNRQLHF]QRĞüVWDUDQQHJRSU]HP\ĞOHQLD]DOHWLZDGUyĪQHJRURG]DMXRJUDQLF]
QLNyZUXFKXQDSĊGyZSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKNWyUHPRJąE\ü]DVWRVRZDQH:SUDNW\FHPRĪQD
]DVWRVRZDüQDVWĊSXMąFHUR]ZLą]DQLD
:HZQĊWU]QHRJUDQLF]QLNLVWDáH
=DOHW\ NRU]\VWQHUR]ZLą]DQLHEH]VSHFMDOQ\FKZ\PDJDĔNRQVWUXNF\M
Q\FK
:DG\ WU]HEDZ\EUDüZLĊNV]\QDSĊGQLĪPLQLPDOQLHZ\PDJDQ\2ER
ZLą]XMH RJyOQD ]DVDGD LP ZLĊNV]\ QDSĊG W\P ZLĊNV]D MHJR
]GROQRĞüGRSRFKáDQLDQLDHQHUJLLNLQHW\F]QHM
2JUDQLF]QLNLZHZQĊWU]QH]SQHXPDW\F]Q\PWáXPLHQLHPZSRáRĪH
QLDFKNUDĔFRZ\FK
=DOHW\ SQHXPDW\F]QH WáXPLHQLH Z SRáRĪHQLX NUDĔFRZ\P SR]ZDOD QD

SRFKáDQLDQLHG]LHVLĊFLRNURWQLHZLĊNV]HMHQHUJLLNLQHW\F]QHMQLĪ
ZSU]\SDGNXRUJDQLF]QLNDVWDáHJR
:DG\ QLHFRGURĪV]\QLĪQDSĊG]HVWDá\PRJUDQLF]QLNLHP0QLHMUR]
ZLą]DĔSU]\GDWQ\FKGODVLáRZQLNyZSQHXPDW\F]Q\FK]NUyWNLP
VNRNLHPLGXĪąLORĞFLąF\NOLURERF]\FKQDPLQXWĊ
2JUDQLF]QLNLZHZQĊWU]QH]DPRUW\]DWRUHPK\GUDXOLF]Q\P
=DOHW\ DPRUW\]DWRUK\GUDXOLF]Q\MHVWPRQWRZDQ\EH]SRĞUHGQLRZQLH
NWyU\FKW\SDFKQDSĊGyZSQHXPDW\F]Q\FK3RFKáDQLDZLĊNV]ą
LORĞüHQHUJLLNLQHW\F]QHMQLĪWáXPLNSQHXPDW\F]Q\
:DG\ DPRUW\]DWRURJUDQLF]DZ]DOHĪQRĞFLRGZLHONRĞFLHQHUJLLNLQH
W\F]QHM REFLąĪHQLD PDNV\PDOQą OLF]EĊ F\NOL GR F\NOL
PLQ

7UDLQLQJ
6WDáHRJUDQLF]QLNL]HZQĊWU]QH
=DOHW\ GHF\GXMąFD GOD Z\ERUX ZLHONRĞFL QDSĊGX

MHVWVLáDSRWU]HEQDGRSU]\VSLHV]HQLD'OD
WHJR MHVW PRĪOLZH ]DVWRVRZDQLH QDSĊGX
R PQLHMV]HM ZLHONRĞFL QLĪ SU]\ XĪ\FLX VWD
áHJRRJUDQLF]QLNDZHZQĊWU]QHJR
:DG\ ZLĊNV]H Z\PDJDQLD SRG Z]JOĊGHP NRQ

VWUXNF\MQ\P 2JUDQLF]QLN PXVL G]LDáDü QD
ĞURGHN FLĊĪNRĞFL áDGXQNX Z SU]HFLZQ\P
UD]LH GRFKRG]L GR G]LDáDQLD QLHSRĪąGD
Q\FK PRPHQWyZ PRJąF\FK VSRZRGRZDü
XV]NRG]HQLHQDSĊGX7RUR]ZLą]DQLHPRĪH
E\ü SU]\F]\Qą ZLEUDFML L GUJDĔ NRQVWUXNFML
PDV]\Q\
2JUDQLF]QLNL]HZQĊWU]QH]DPRUW\]DWRUHPK\GUDX
OLF]Q\P
=DOHW\ WDNLHVDPHMDNZSU]\SDGNXSRSU]HGQLHJR
UR]ZLą]DQLD DOH ] PRĪOLZRĞFLą SRFKáD
QLDQLD ZLĊNV]HM LORĞFL HQHUJLL NLQHW\F]QHM
0RĪQD Z\NOXF]\ü ZLEUDFMH L GUJDQLD NRQ
VWUXNFMLPDV]\Q\
:DG\ ZLĊNV]H Z\PDJDQLD NRQVWUXNF\MQH QLĪ

GOD UR]ZLą]DQLD ] ZHZQĊWU]Q\P WáXPLNLHP
K\GUDXOLF]Q\P 2JUDQLF]QLN PXVL G]LDáDü
QDĞURGHNFLĊĪNRĞFLREFLąĪHQLDZSU]HFLZ
Q\PUD]LHGRFKRG]LGRG]LDáDQLDQLHSRĪąGD
Q\FK PRPHQWyZ PRJąF\FK VSRZRGRZDü
XV]NRG]HQLH QDSĊGX $PRUW\]DWRU RJUD
QLF]D Z ]DOHĪQRĞFL RG HQHUJLL NLQHW\F]QHM
REFLąĪHQLDPDNV\PDOQąOLF]EĊF\NOLGR
F\NOLPLQ

7UDLQLQJ
.ąW PLĊG]\ RVLą DPRUW\]DWRUD D NLHUXQNLHP G]LDáDQLD VLá\ Z\QLNDMąFHM ] KDPRZDQLD

PDV\Ä0³QLHPRĪHSU]HNURF]\ü3U]\WáXPLHQLXHQHUJLLNLQHW\F]QHMPDV\SRUXV]D
MąFHMVLĊUXFKHPZDKDGáRZ\PQDUDPLHQLXÄ5´NRQLHF]QHMHVW]DFKRZDQLHVWRVXQNX
GáXJRĞFLGURJLKDPRZDQLDDPRUW\]DWRUDÄV³GRSURPLHQLDÄ5³6WRVXQHNWHQQLHPRĪH
SU]HNUDF]DüZDUWRĞFLV5
5\V .ąWPLĊG]\RVLąDPRUW\]DWRUDDNLHUXQNLHPG]LDáDQLDVLá\
1LHQDOHĪ\Z\NUĊFDüĞUXE]DP\NDMąF\FKRWZyUZGQLHDPRUWX\]DWRUDSRQLHZDĪPRĪH
WR VSRZRGRZDü Z\FLHN ROHMX L ]PQLHMV]HQLH ]GROQRĞFL DPRUW\]DWRUD GR SRFKáDQLD
QLD HQHUJLL NLQHW\F]QHM 1DOHĪ\ FKURQLü SU]HG XV]NRG]HQLHP SRZLHU]FKQLĊ WáRF]\VND
]DGUDSDQLDPLLLQQ\PLXV]NRG]HQLDPLPHFKDQLF]Q\PLSRQLHZDĪ]PQLHMV]DWRWUZD
áRĞüDPRUW\]DWRUD
5\V 1LHGR]ZRORQHG]LDáDQLH

3QHXPDW\F]QHQDSĊG\REURWRZH
7UDLQLQJ
.U\WHULDGRERUXQDSĊGXREURWRZHJR
3U]\Z\ERU]HURG]DMXLW\SXQDSĊGXREURWRZHJRQDOHĪ\Z]LąüSRGXZDJĊQDVWĊSXMąFHNU\WHULD
1LHV]F]HOQRĞü 1DSĊG\REURWRZHVNU]\GHáNRZHU\VZRGUyĪQLHQLXRG

QDSĊGyZ]PHFKDQL]PHP]ĊEQLN]ĊEDWNDU\VQLHVą
FDáNRZLFLHV]F]HOQH6WUDW\SRZLHWU]DVLĊJDMąNLONXFPPLQ
&LĞQLHQLHURERF]H 1DSĊG\VNU]\GHáNRZHZSRUyZQDQLX]QDSĊGDPL]PHFKD
QL]PHP]ĊEQLN]ĊEDWNDZ\ND]XMąZLĊNV]HVWUDW\ZVNXWHN
WDUFLD 'ODWHJR Z\PDJDMą FLĞQLHQLD URERF]HJR Z\ĪV]HJR
RFRQDMPQLHM03D
.ąWREURWX .ąW REURWX NąW ZDKDQLD Z\QRVL Z SU]\SDGNX QDSĊGyZ

VNU]\GHáNRZ\FK PDNV\PDOQLH Z SU]\SDGNX QDSĊ
GyZ]PHFKDQL]PHP]ĊEQLN]ĊEDWNDNąWWHQZ\QRVLPDN
V\PDOQLHDGODQDSĊGyZ]ĊEDWNRZ\FKGZXWáRNRZ\FK
QDZHW
3UĊGNRĞüREURWRZD 0DNV\PDOQD L PLQLPDOQD SUĊGNRĞü REURWRZD SU]\ NWyUHM

REUyWZDáNDQDSĊGXMHVWSá\QQ\]DOHĪ\RGNRQVWUXNFMLLZLHO
NRĞFLQDSĊGXL]DZLHUDVLĊZ]DNUHVLHRGGRV
:DKDQLDREFLąĪHQLD 3RQLHZDĪSRZLHWU]HMHVWĞFLĞOLZHZSU]\SDGNX]PLHQQHJR
REFLąĪHQLD QLH MHVW PRĪOLZH X]\VNDQLH MHGQRVWDMQHM SUĊG
NRĞFLREURWRZHMQDSĊGX
(QHUJLDNLQHW\F]QD (QHUJLD NLQHW\F]QD REFLąĪHQLD MHVW Z\QLNLHP G]LDáDQLD

PRPHQWX EH]ZáDGQRĞFL NWyU\ ]DOHĪ\ RG NV]WDáWX L PDV\
REFLąĪHQLDSRáRĪHQLDĞURGNDFLĊĪNRĞFLSUĊGNRĞFLNąWRZHM
QDNRĔFXUXFKXREURWRZHJR
2JUDQLF]QLNL]HZQĊWU]QH -HĪHOL HQHUJLD NLQHW\F]QD REFLąĪHQLD MHVW ZLĊNV]D RG

GRSXV]F]DOQHM ZDUWRĞFL GOD GDQHJR W\SX QDSĊGX REUR
WRZHJR ZyZF]DV QDOHĪ\ ]DLQVWDORZDü RJUDQLF]QLNL
]HZQĊWU]QH ]GHU]DNL ]GROQH GR MHM SRFKáRQLĊFLD QS
DPRUW\]DWRU\
=HZQĊWU]QHáRĪ\VND 1DZDáHNQDSĊGXREURWRZHJRSR]DVWRáDPLREURWRZ\PLU\V

QLH PRJą G]LDáDü ĪDGQH VLá\ G\QDPLF]QH 8U]ąG]HQLH
SRáąF]RQH]QDSĊGHPPXVLE\üRVREQRXáRĪ\VNRZDQH

7UDLQLQJ
2EOLF]DQLHQDSĊGXREURWRZHJR
'RGRERUXZáDĞFLZHMZLHONRĞFLQDSĊGXREURWRZHJRNRQLHF]QHVąQDVWĊSXMąFHGDQH
PDVRZ\PRPHQWEH]ZáDGQRĞFLREFLąĪHQLD
PRPHQWREURWRZ\QDSĊGX
HQHUJLDNLQHW\F]QDREUDFDMąFHJRVLĊREFLąĪHQLD
0DVRZ\PRPHQWEH]ZáDGQRĞFL
7DN VDPR MDN SU]\ UXFKX OLQLRZ\P WDN L SU]\ UXFKX REURWRZ\P NRQLHF]QH MHVW SRNRQD
QLHEH]ZáDGQRĞFLPDV\REFLąĪHQLDLZSUDZLHQLHMHMZUXFK2SyUZ]JOĊGHPREURWXZ\QLND
] EH]ZáDGQRĞFL PDV\ REFLąĪHQLD 5yĪQLFD Z SRUyZQDQLX ] UXFKHP OLQLRZ\P SROHJD QD
W\PĪHZSU]\SDGNXUXFKXREURWRZHJRGHF\GXMąFDMHVWQLHZLHONRĞüPDV\REFLąĪHQLDDOH
PDVRZ\PRPHQWEH]ZáDGQRĞFL-:\QLNDRQ]DUyZQR]PDV\MDNL]RGOHJáRĞFLĞURGND
FLĊĪNRĞFLPDV\RGRVLREURWX
0RPHQWPDVRZ\EH]ZáDGQRĞFL-SXQNWXRPDVLHPNWyU\REUDFDVLĊQDSURPLHQLXUZRNyá
RVLREURWXZ\UDĪDVLĊQDVWĊSXMąF\PUyZQDQLHP
, P[U
P PDVD >NJ@
U RGOHJáRĞüĞURGNDFLĊĪNRĞFLRGRVLREURWX >P@
:SUDNW\FHREUDFDMąFHVLĊREFLąĪHQLDQDSĊGXREURWRZHJRQLJG\QLHVąSXQNWDPLDOHHOH
PHQWDPLRUR]PDLW\FKNV]WDáWDFK1DU\VSU]HGVWDZLRQHVąSRGVWDZRZHNV]WDáW\HOH
PHQWyZVWDQRZLąF\FKREFLąĪHQLHZDáNDZ\MĞFLRZHJRQDSĊGXREURWRZHJRLZ]RU\GRREOL
F]DQLDPDVRZHJRPRPHQWXEH]ZáDGQRĞFLW\FKHOHPHQWyZ

7UDLQLQJ
FLHQNLZDáHNPRFRZDQ\ a1 FLHQNLZDáHNPRFRZDQ\V\PHWU\F]QLH

DV\PHWU\F]QLH
a2
a
a2
a12 a22 I = m × ——
I = m1 × —— + m2 × —— 12
3 3
FLHQNDSá\WDPRFRZDQD Sá\WDSURVWRNąWQDRGRZROQHM
V\PHWU\F]QLH JUXERĞFLPRFRZDQD a1
b
XVWDZLRQDSLRQRZR DV\PHWU\F]QLH
a2
a b
a2
I = m × ——
12 4a12 + b2 4a22 + b2
I = m1 × ———— + m2 × ————
12 12
Sá\WDSURVWRNąWQDRGRZROQHM ZDOHFSHáQ\OXEFLHQNLNUąĪHN
JUXERĞFLPRFRZDQD RĞREURWXZRVLV\PHWULL
V\PHWU\F]QLH b
a
r
2
a2 + b2 r
I = m × ——— I = m × ——
12 2
NXODSHáQDRĞREURWX FLHQNLNUąĪHNXVWDZLRQ\SLRQRZR
ZRVLV\PHWULL RĞREURWXZRVLV\PHWULL
r
r
2r2 r2
I = m × —— I = m × ——
5 4
UDPLĊ]REFLąĪHQLHP SU]HNáDGQLD]ĊEDWD (A)

a2 r ilość zębów = a
(B)
a1 m2
m1
a12
I = m1 × —— + m2 × a22 + K ilość zębów = b
3 1DMSLHUZSROLF]\üPDVRZ\PRPHQWEH]ZáDGQRĞFLNRáD
'ODUDPLHQLD]NXOąMDNQDU\VXQNX.REOLF]DVLĊZHGáXJ ]ĊEDWHJR%Z]yUDSRWHPNRU]\VWDMąF]REOLF]RQHJR
Z]RUXQU PRPHQWX,%REOLF]\üPRPHQWEH]ZáDGQRĞFLNRáD$
2r2 a2×I
K = m2 × ——
5
IA = —
b( )B
'ODUDPLHQLD]NUąĪNLHP.REOLF]DVLĊZJZ]RUXQUOXEQU
, PDVRZ\PRPHQWEH]ZáDGQRĞFL >NJP@ DEU Z\PLDU\ >P@

P PDVDREFLąĪHQLD >NJ@
5\V 2EOLF]DQLHPDVRZHJRPRPHQWXEH]ZáDGQRĞFLUyĪQ\FKHOHPHQWyZREFLąĪHQLD

7UDLQLQJ
:\PDJDQ\PRPHQWREURWRZ\
'R Z\]QDF]HQLD PRPHQWX REURWRZHJR SRWU]HEQHJR GR REUyFHQLD GDQHJR REFLąĪHQLD
RZ\PDJDQ\NąWZSRGDQ\PF]DVLHNRQLHF]QHVąQDVWĊSXMąFHGDQH
0DVDLNV]WDáW
&]DVREURWXW
REUDFDQHJRHOHPHQWX .ąWREURWXĳ>UDG@
>V@
SDWU]U\V
0DVRZ\PRPHQW 3U]\VSLHV]HQLH
EH]ZáDGQRĞFL, NąWRZHĮ
>NJP@ >UDGV@

:\PDJDQ\PRPHQW
REURWRZ\0
>1P@
.ąWREURWXZUDGLDQDFK
:DUWRĞFLNąWyZGRREOLF]HQLDSUĊGNRĞFLNąWRZHMLSU]\VSLHV]HQLDNąWRZHJRSRGDZDQHVą
QLHZVWRSQLDFK>@DOHZUDGLDQDFK>UDG@5DGLDQMHVWWRNąW]DZDUW\PLĊG]\GZRPDSURPLH
QLDPLNRáDZ\FLQDMąF\PL]RNUĊJXWHJRNRáDáXNRGáXJRĞFLUyZQHMSURPLHQLRZL
5\V *UD¿F]QHSU]HGVWDZLHQLHUDGLDQD>UDG@

7UDLQLQJ
.ąWREURWXZ\UDĪRQ\ZUDGLDQDFKMHVWR]QDF]DQ\OLWHUąĳDOIDEHWXJUHFNLHJR2EZyGRNUĊJX
Z\QRVL2 ʌU6WąGZ\QLNDĪHNąWZUDGLDQDFKZ\UDĪDVLĊQDVWĊSXMąF\PVWRVXQ
NLHP
5DGLDQSU]HOLF]DVLĊQDVWRSQLHZHGáXJQDVWĊSXMąFHM]DOHĪQRĞFL
6WRSLHĔSU]HOLF]DVLĊQDUDGLDQ\ZHGáXJQDVWĊSXMąFHM]DOHĪQRĞFL
3UĊGNRĞüNąWRZD
:SU]\SDGNXSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKQDSĊGyZREURWRZ\FKPXVLP\SU]\Mąü]DIDNWĪHPDMąRQH
Z]DNUHVLHSHáQHJRNąWDREURWXZSU]\EOLĪHQLXVWDáHSU]\VSLHV]HQLHNąWRZH(OHPHQWZ\M
ĞFLRZ\RVLąJDQDNRĔFXUXFKXGZXNURWQRĞüĞUHGQLHMSUĊGNRĞFLNąWRZHM
Ȧ SUĊGNRĞüNąWRZD >UDGV@
ĳ NąWREURWX >UDG@
W F]DVREURWXRNąWĳ >V@
3UĊGNRĞüNąWRZDQDNRĔFXUXFKXREURWRZHJR
ĝUHGQLDSUĊGNRĞüNąWRZD
5\V 3UĊGNRĞüNąWRZD
3U]\VSLHV]HQLHNąWRZH

Į SU]\VSLHV]HQLHNąWRZH >UDGV@
ĳ NąWREURWX >UDG@
W F]DVREURWXRNąWĳ >V@

7UDLQLQJ
7HRUHW\F]QDZDUWRĞüPRPHQWXREURWRZHJR
07 ,îĳ
07 WHRUHW\F]Q\PRPHQWREURWRZ\ >1P@
:DUWRĞüWHRUHW\F]QHJRPRPHQWXREURWRZHJRQLHXZ]JOĊGQLDRSRUyZZ\ZRá\ZDQ\FKSU]H]
WDUFLHZHZQĊWU]QHQDSĊGXREURWRZHJRLSRáąF]RQHJR]QLPPHFKDQL]PX:\PDJDQąZDU
WRĞü PRPHQWX REURWRZHJR 0( Z\]QDF]DP\ PQRĪąF REOLF]RQą ZDUWRĞü WHRUHW\F]QHJR
PRPHQWXREURWRZHJR07SU]H]RGSRZLHGQLZVSyáF]\QQLNNSRSU]H]Z\EyURGSRZLHGQLHJR
SU]\NáDGX]U\V
2EFLąĪHQLHVWDW\F]QH 2EFLąĪHQLH 2EFLąĪHQLHLQHUF\MQH

0VW G\QDPLF]QH0' 07
: SXQNFLH GRFLVNX G]LDáD 1DSĊG REUDFD REFLąĪHQLH 'R X]\VNDQLD SU]\VSLHV]H

VLáD)Z\QLNDMąFD]PRPHQWX QD UDPLHQLX .RQLHF]QH MHVW QLD REURWX REFLąĪHQLD WR
REURWRZHJR : WHM DSOLNDFML SRNRQDQLH RSRUyZ Z\ZRá\ ]QDF]\GRSRNRQDQLDPDVR
QLH MHVW NRQLHF]QH VWRVRZD ZDQ\FKSU]H]WDUFLHPHFKD ZHJR PRPHQWX EH]ZáDGQR
QLHZVSyáF]\QQLNDNRUHNFML QL]PX 5HJXODFMD MHGQRVWDM ĞFL]DOHFDVLĊ]DVWRVRZDQLH
QHM SUĊGNRĞFL UXFKX QDSĊGX ZVSyáF]\QQLNDN
PRĪOLZD MHVW SU]\ ]DVWRVR
ZDQLXZVSyáF]\QQLNDN
3U]\NáDG 3U]\NáDG 3U]\NáDG

5DPLĊ 2EFLąĪHQLH
2EFLąĪHQLH
5DPLĊ
2ĞREURWX

2ĞREURWX
1DSĊGREURWRZ\
0VW )îO>1P@ ) ȝîPîJ>1@ 07 ,îĳ>1P@
)VLáD>1@ ȝZVSyáF]\QQLNWDUFLD 07 WHRUHW\F]Q\ PRPHQW

REURWRZ\>1P@
OGáXJRĞüUDPLHQLD>P@ PPDVD>NJ@
,PDVRZ\PRPHQWEH]ZáDG
JPV QRĞFL>NJP@
0' )îO>1P@

N N N
0( 0VW 0( 0'î 0( 07î
5\V :VSyáF]\QQLNLVWRVRZDQHGRZ\]QDF]HQLDZ\PDJDQHJRPRPHQWXREURWRZHJR0(

7UDLQLQJ
0RPHQWREURWRZ\SRGREQLHMDNVLáDZSU]\SDGNXVLáRZQLNyZSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKZ\QLND]G]LD
áDQLDFLĞQLHQLDSRZLHWU]DQDSRZLHU]FKQLĊ3RQLHZDĪQLHMHVWPRĪOLZHGRNáDGQHREOLF]HQLHWHM
SRZLHU]FKQLGODNDĪGHJRW\SXQDSĊGXREURWRZHJRGRZ\]QDF]HQLDWHRUHW\F]QHJRPRPHQWX
REURWRZHJRGODZ\EUDQHJRW\SXQDSĊGXVWRVXMHP\RGSRZLHGQLZ\NUHV]NDWDORJX
5\V :\NUHVWHRUHW\F]QHJRPRPHQWXREURWRZHJRQDSĊGXREURWRZHJR
(QHUJLDNLQHW\F]QDREFLąĪHQLD
:]DOHĪQRĞFLRGPDVRZHJRPRPHQWXEH]ZáDGQRĞFLLSUĊGNRĞFLNąWRZHMQDNRĔFXUXFKX
REURWRZHJRQDZHWPDá\PRPHQWREURWRZ\PRĪHZ\JHQHURZDüGXĪąHQHUJLĊNLQHW\F]Qą
3U]\QDJá\P]DWU]\PDQLXREUDFDMąFHJRVLĊSU]HGPLRWXQDNRĔFXREURWXMHJRHQHUJLDNLQH
W\F]QDPRĪHVSRZRGRZDüXV]NRG]HQLHPHFKDQL]PXQDSĊGXREURWRZHJR=WHJRZ]JOĊGX
HQHUJLDNLQHW\F]QDREUDFDMąFHJRVLĊHOHPHQWX(ȦQLHPRĪHSU]HNURF]\üGRSXV]F]DOQHM
ZDUWRĞFL]DOHFDQHMGODGDQHJRW\SXQDSĊGX-HĪHOLZDUWRĞüREOLF]RQHMHQHUJLLNLQHW\F]QHM
MHVWZ\ĪV]DRG]DOHFDQHMQDOHĪ\]DVWRVRZDüRJUDQLF]QLNL]HZQĊWU]QHOXE]GHU]DNL]DPRU
W\]DWRUDPLZFHOXRFKURQ\QDSĊGXREURWRZHJRSU]HGXV]NRG]HQLHP
(QHUJLDNLQHW\F]QDMHVWJHQHURZDQDQLHW\ONRSU]H]HOHPHQWSRUXV]DQ\QDSĊGHPSURVWROL
QLRZ\PDOHWDNĪHSU]H]HOHPHQW\REUDFDMąFHVLĊZLUXMąFH(QHUJLDNLQHW\F]QDSRUXV]DMą
FHJRVLĊSURVWROLQLRZRHOHPHQWXRPDVLHPZ\UDĪDVLĊQDVWĊSXMąF\PZ]RUHP

(N PîY

(QHUJLDNLQHW\F]QDREUDFDMąFHJRVLĊZLUXMąFHJRHOHPHQWXRPDVRZ\PPRPHQFLHEH]
ZáDGQRĞFL,Z\UDĪDVLĊQDVWĊSXMąF\PZ]RUHP

(Ȧ ,îȦ

(ȦHQHUJLDNLQHW\F]QDREUDFDMąFHJRVLĊHOHPHQWX >- 1P@
,PRPHQWPDVRZ\EH]ZáDGQRĞFL >NJP@
ȦSUĊGNRĞüNąWRZDQDNRĔFXUXFKXZLUXMąFHJR >UDGV@
-HĪHOLGRSRFKáDQLDQLDHQHUJLLNLQHW\F]QHMREUDFDMąFHJRVLĊREFLąĪHQLDVWRVRZDQHVąRJUD
QLF]QLNL ]HZQĊWU]QH ZyZF]DV GR Z\]QDF]HQLD ZLHONRĞFL QDSĊGX REURWRZHJR Z\VWDUF]D
W\ONRZ\PDJDQ\PRPHQWREURWRZ\

7UDLQLQJ
:\NUHVGRXVWDOHQLDPLQLPDOQHJRF]DVXREURWXQDSĊGX
: GRNXPHQWDFML WHFKQLF]QHM QDSĊGyZ REURWRZ\FK Vą ]DPLHV]F]RQH Z\NUHV\ QD NWyU\FK

PRĪQD ]QDOHĨü PDNV\PDOQą GRSXV]F]DOQą ZDUWRĞü HQHUJLL NLQHW\F]QHM GOD GDQHJR W\SX
QDSĊGX -HĪHOL MHVW ]QDQ\ PDVRZ\ PRPHQW EH]ZáDGQRĞFL ZyZF]DV ] Z\NUHVX PRĪQD
RGF]\WDüF]DVREURWXHOHPHQWXZ\MĞFLRZHJRQDSĊGXREURWRZHJRZDáNDVWRáX=DPLHV]
F]RQ\SRQLĪHMZ\NUHVVWDQRZLJUD¿F]QHSU]HGVWDZLHQLHQDVWĊSXMąFHM]DOHĪQRĞFL

(Ȧ ,îȦ

:\NUHVSRGDMHQDMNUyWV]\GRSXV]F]DOQ\F]DVREURWXHOHPHQWXZ\MĞFLRZHJRQDSĊGXZV
REURWXMDNRIXQNFMĊPDVRZHJRPRPHQWXEH]ZáDGQRĞFLHOHPHQWXREUDFDQHJR
5\V :\NUHVREUD]XMąF\]DOHĪQRĞüPLĊG]\PDVRZ\PPRPHQWHPEH]ZáDGQRĞFLREFLąĪHQLD
LF]DVHPREURWXQDSĊGXR
1DZ\NUHVLHQDU\VSU]HGVWDZLRQRQDVWĊSXMąF\SU]\NáDG
0DVRZ\PRPHQWEH]ZáDGQRĞFLREUDFDQHJRHOHPHQWX, [NJP
1DSR]LRPHMRVLRVLRGF]\WXMHP\PDVRZ\PRPHQWEH]ZáDGQRĞFL2GWHJRSXQNWXSURZD
G]LP\SLRQRZąOLQLĊGRSXQNWXSU]HFLĊFLD]NU]\ZąZ\NUHVX2GSXQNWXSU]HFLĊFLDSURZD
G]LP\OLQLĊSR]LRPą:SXQNFLHSU]HFLĊFLDSR]LRPHMOLQLL]RVLąSLRQRZąRGF]\WXMHP\PLQL
PDOQ\GRSXV]F]DOQ\F]DVREURWXQDSĊGXNWyU\Z\QRVLV
-HĪHOL Z\PDJDQD SUĊGNRĞü REURWRZD PD E\ü ZLĊNV]D F]DV REURWX NUyWV]\ ZyZF]DV
WU]HED]DVWRVRZDüZLĊNV]\QDSĊGREURWRZ\OXE]PQLHMV]\üZDUWRĞüPDVRZHJRPRPHQWX
EH]ZáDGQRĞFL0RĪQDUyZQLHĪ]DVWRVRZDü]HZQĊWU]QHRJUDQLF]QLNLGODSRFKáRQLĊFLDHQHU
JLLNLQHW\F]QHMREUDFDMąFHJRVLĊHOHPHQWX

7UDLQLQJ
=DOHFHQLDGRW\F]ąFHNRQVWUXNFML]QDSĊGDPLREURWRZ\PL
=GHU]DNL]HZQĊWU]QH
-HĪHOL ZDUWRĞü REOLF]RQHM HQHUJLL NLQHW\F]QHM MHVW ZLĊNV]D RG ZDUWRĞFL GRSXV]F]DOQHM GOD
GDQHJR W\SX QDSĊGX REURWRZHJR ZyZF]DV HQHUJLD NLQHW\F]QD REUDFDQHJR HOHPHQWX
SRZLQQDE\üSRFKáRQLĊWDSU]H]]GHU]DNL]HZQĊWU]QH=GHU]DNSRZLQLHQE\üXPLHV]F]RQ\
Z PLDUĊ PRĪOLZRĞFL WDN MDN QD U\V D W]Q ĞURGHN FLĊĪNRĞFL REUDFDQHJR HOHPHQWX
ZPRPHQFLH]HWNQLĊFLD]H]GHU]DNLHPSRZLQLHQOHĪHüQDMHJRRVL
1DU\VEUDPLĊQDSĊGX]DWU]\P\ZDQHMHVWSU]H]]GHU]DNĞURGHNFLĊĪNRĞFLREFLąĪHQLD
OHĪ\SR]DRVLą]GHU]DND=GHU]DNG]LDáDMDNRSXQNWREURWXGZXUDPLHQQHMGĨZLJQLDHQHU
JLDNLQHW\F]QDREFLąĪHQLDZ\WZDU]DZGURG]HUHDNFMLQLHSRĪąGDQąVLáĊG]LDáDMąFąQDZDáHN
LáRĪ\VNDQDSĊGXREURWRZHJR7R]QDF]QLH]PQLHMV]DĪ\ZRWQRĞüQDSĊGX
1DMPQLHMRGSRZLHGQLZDULDQWXPLHMVFRZLHQLD]GHU]DNDSU]HGVWDZLDU\VF7DNLHXPLHMVFR
ZLHQLHMHVWPRĪOLZHW\ONRSRX]JRGQLHQLX]GRVWDZFąQDSĊGXREURWRZHJR:DUWRĞüHQHUJLLNLQH
W\F]QHMPXVLE\üQLĪV]DOXEPDNV\PDOQLHUyZQDGRSXV]F]DOQHMZDUWRĞFLGODGDQHJRQDSĊGX
5\V :DULDQW\XPLHMVFRZLHQLD]GHU]DNyZ]HZQĊWU]Q\FK
'\QDPLF]QHREFLąĪHQLHZDáNDQDSĊGX
3U]\ VWRVRZDQLX QDSĊGyZ REURWRZ\FK ZV]\VWNLFK W\SyZ ] Z\MąWNLHP VWRáyZ REURWRZ\FK
NRQLHF]QHMHVWXáRĪ\VNRZDQLHREUDFDQ\FKHOHPHQWyZZLQG\ZLGXDOQ\FKáRĪ\VNDFKàRĪ\VND
QDSĊGyZREURWRZ\FKPRJąE\üREFLąĪDQHVLáDPLSURPLHQLRZ\PLLRVLRZ\PLW\ONRZRJUDQL
F]RQ\P]DNUHVLH5\VSU]HVWDZLDSU]\NáDG\UR]ZLą]DĔNRQVWUXNF\MQ\FKWHJRSUREOHPX

5\V 5R]ZLą]DQLHNRQVWUXNF\MQHZSU]\SDGNXG\QDPLF]QHJRREFLąĪHQLDZDáNDQDSĊGX

7UDLQLQJ
3U]\NáDGREOLF]HQLDQDSĊGXREURWRZHJR
7HQSU]\NáDGPDVáXĪ\üVSUDZG]HQLXF]\Z\EUDQ\]RVWDáZáDĞFLZ\W\SLZLHONRĞüQDSĊGX
REURWRZHJR:\EUDQRQDSĊGREURWRZ\RQDVWĊSXMąF\FKSDUDPHWUDFK
:\NUHV]DOHĪQRĞFLPRPHQWXREURWRZHJRRGFLĞQLHQLD]DVLODQLDQDSĊGX
(QHUJLDNLQHW\F]QD]GHU]DNZHZQĊWU]Q\ (Ȧ PDNV>-@
&LĞQLHQLHURERF]H S >03D@
.ąWREURWX ĳ >UDG@
&]DVREURWXRNąWĳ W V
0DVDNV]WDáWLZ\PLDU\JHRPHWU\F]QHREUDFDQHJRHOHPHQWX
0DVDNUąĪND P J NJ
3URPLHĔNUąĪND U PP P

7UDLQLQJ
NURN
1DMSLHUZQDOHĪ\REOLF]\üPDVRZ\PRPHQWEH]ZáDGQRĞFL'ODSRGDQHJRSU]\NáDGXFLHQNLHJR
NUąĪND]DPRFRZDQHJRZRVLV\PHWULLNRU]\VWDP\]HZ]RUXQUSRGDQHJRZWDEHOL
NURN
2EOLF]DP\PRPHQWREURWRZ\NRQLHF]Q\GRREUyFHQLDNUąĪNDRSRGDQ\NąWZĪąGDQ\PF]D
VLHSU]\]DVWRVRZDQLXZVSyáF]\QQLNDNU\V
'RREUyFHQLDNUąĪNDRPDVLHNJRNąWĳ ZF]DVLHW VQDSĊGREURWRZ\PXVL

PLHüPRPHQWREURWRZ\0( 1P:\EUDQ\QDSĊGREURWRZ\PDZHGáXJZ\NUHVXSU]\
FLĞQLHQLXSRZLHWU]DS 03DPRPHQWREURWRZ\0( 1PNWyU\MHVW[ZLĊNV]\RG
Z\OLF]RQHJRPRPHQWX0(
0LPRWRQLHQDOHĪ\QDW\FKPLDVW]DVWRZDüPQLHMV]HJRQDSĊGXREURWRZHJRRPQLHMV]HMUyĪ
QLF\PLĊG]\Z\OLF]RQ\PDU]HF]\ZLVW\PPRPHQWHPREURWRZ\PDOHZ\NRQDüNURNWU]HFL
:WU]HFLPNURNXVSUDZG]DVLĊF]\ZHZQĊWU]QHRJUDQLF]QLNLZ\EUDQHJRQDSĊGXVąZVWD
QLHSRFKáDQLDüJHQHURZDQąHQHUJLĊNLQHW\F]Qą
NURN
6SUDZG]HQLHMDNąHQHUJLĊNLQHW\F]QąSRFKáDQLDQDSĊG
3UĊGNRĞüREURWRZD
3RFKáDQLDQDHQHUJLDNLQHW\F]QD
:DUWRĞü REOLF]RQHM HQHUJLL NLQHW\F]QHM MHVW PQLHMV]D RG ZDUWRĞFL GRSXV]F]DOQHM HQHUJLL
NLQHW\F]QHMZ\EUDQHJRQDSĊGX-:\EUDQ\QDSĊGVSHáQLDZ\PDJDQLDHNVSORDWD
F\MQH*G\E\]DVWRVRZDQR]GHU]DNL]HZQĊWU]QHPRĪOLZHE\áRE\]DVWRVRZDQLHPQLHMV]HJR
QDSĊGXREURWRZHJR

&KZ\WDNLSQHXPDW\F]QH
7UDLQLQJ
.U\WHULDGRERUXFKZ\WDNyZ
'RZ\ERUXZáDĞFLZHJRW\SXLZLHONRĞFLFKZ\WDNDSRWU]HEQHVąQDVWĊSXMąFHGDQH
SRáRĪHQLHPDQLSXORZDQHJRSU]HGPLRWXSU]\FKZ\WDQLX
PDVDZ\PLDU\LNV]WDáWJHRPHWU\F]Q\PDQLSXORZDQHJRSU]HGPLRWX
FLĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]D]DVLODMąFHJRFKZ\WDN
PLHMVFHG]LDáDQLDVLá\FKZ\WDNDQDSU]HGPLRWSXQNWSRZLHU]FKQLD
Z\PDJDQLDGRW\F]ąFHSRZWDU]DOQHMGRNáDGQRĞFLFKZ\WXLFHQWURZDQLDSU]HGPLRWX
PRĪOLZRĞüXFKZ\WXSU]H]NV]WDáWQDNáDGNLV]F]ĊNLFKZ\WDNDOXESU]H]VLáĊWDUFLH
ZVSyáF]\QQLNWDUFLDPDWHULDáyZPDQLSXORZDQ\FKHOHPHQWyZLV]F]ĊNLFKZ\WDND
3RáRĪHQLHQLHSU]HQRV]RQHJRSU]HGPLRWXSRGF]DV
FKZ\WDQLD
: ZLĊNV]RĞFL SU]\SDGNyZ RNUHĞOD VLĊ GRVWĊSQH PRĪOLZRĞFL FKZ\WDQLD SU]HGPLRWyZ 1D
SU]\NáDGHOHPHQW\RNV]WDáFLHZDOFDPRJąE\üFKZ\WDQHRGSRZLHGQLRGRVZRMHJRSRáR
ĪHQLDQDGZDVSRVRE\$OER]ERNXSU]H]FKZ\WDNGZXV]F]ĊNRZ\U\VDRĞFKZ\WDND
MHVWSURVWRSDGáDGRRVLHOHPHQWXOXERGSU]RGXSU]H]FKZ\WDNV]F]ĊNRZ\U\VERĞ
FKZ\WDNDSRNU\ZDVLĊ]RVLąHOHPHQWXFKZ\WDQHJR
a b
5\V 3U]\NáDGRZHPRĪOLZRĞFLFKZ\WDQLDSU]HGPLRWyZRNV]WDáFLHZDOFD

7UDLQLQJ
&KZ\WDNL]HV]F]ĊNDPLREURWRZ\PLRNąFLHRWZDUFLDPRĪQDVWRVRZDüGRPDQLSXOR
ZDQLDSU]HGPLRWDPLZSRPLHV]F]HQLXRRJUDQLF]RQHMZ\VRNRĞFLEUDNPRĪOLZRĞFLZ\NRQD
QDQLDUXFKXZRVLSLRQRZHMOXEGOD]DRV]F]ĊG]HQLDNRV]WyZEUDNRVLÄ=³
-HGQRF]HĞQLHSR]ZDODWRQDVNUyFHQLHF]DVXSRWU]HEQHJRQDPDQLSXORZDQLH
Oś „Z“
5\V 'ZDSU]\NáDG\]DVWRVRZDQLDFKZ\WDND]HV]F]ĊNDPLRNąFLHRWZDUFLDGRPDQL
SXORZDQLDSU]HGPLRWDPL
'R PDQLSXORZDQLD GXĪ\PL SU]HGPLRWDPL SU]H]QDF]RQH Vą FKZ\WDNL R GXĪ\P UR]VWDZLH

V]F]ĊN&KZ\WDNLWDNLHJRW\SXPDMąVNRNV]F]ĊNGRPPLPRJąFKZ\WDüSU]HGPLRW\
RGáXJRĞFLGRPP
5\V 3U]\NáDG]DVWRVRZDQLDFKZ\WDNDRGXĪ\PUR]VWDZLHV]F]ĊN

7UDLQLQJ
&KZ\WDNL]REURWRZ\PUXFKHPV]F]ĊN
NąWRZH
6]F]ĊNLFKZ\WDNDNąWRZHJRREUDFDMąVLĊZRNyáRVLZNRUSXVLHFKZ\WDND.ąWREURWXV]F]ĊN
Z VWDQGDUGRZHM ZHUVML WHJR W\SX FKZ\WDNyZ Z\QRVL RG GR :\MąWHN VWDQRZLą
FKZ\WDNL Z NWyU\FK NDĪGD V]F]ĊND REUDFD VLĊ R &DáNRZLW\ NąW UXFKX V]F]ĊN Z\QRVL
GR&KZ\WDNLNąWRZHPRJąE\üW\ONRV]F]ĊNRZH:SRUyZQDQLX]FKZ\WDNDPL
RUyZQROHJá\PUXFKXV]F]ĊNWHFKZ\WDNLVąWDĔV]HSRQLHZDĪPDMąSURVWV]ąNRQVWUXNFMĊ
3RGDQDZGRNXPHQWDFMLWHFKQLF]QHMVLáDWU]\PDQLDGRW\F]\W\ONRMHGQHMV]F]ĊNL:RGUyĪ
QLHQLXRGFKZ\WDNyZUyZQROHJá\FKVLáDWU]\PDQLD]PLHQLDVLĊRGZURWQLHSURSRUFMRQDOQLHGR
GáXJRĞFLUDPLHQLDV]F]ĊNL,PNUyWV]HMHVWUDPLĊW\PZLĊNV]DMHVWVLáDWU]\PDQLD
140
Siła trzymania [N]
120
100
80
0,
6
ia
60 0, MP
Długość ramien
5 a
0,
4
40 0
0, ,3
L
2
20
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Długość ramienia L [mm]
5\V 6LáDWU]\PDQLDZ]DOHĪQRĞFLRGGáXJRĞFLUDPLHQLDLFLĞQLHQLDSRZLHWU]D]DVLODMąFHJR

7UDLQLQJ
&KZ\WDNLRUyZQROHJá\PUXFKXV]F]ĊN
6]F]ĊNL FKZ\WDNyZ WHJR W\SX SRUXV]DMą VLĊ SURVWRSDGOH GR RVL FKZ\WDND 6LáD WU]\PD
QLD FKZ\WDNyZ SR]RVWDMH SUDZLH QLH]PLHQLRQD SU]\ ]PLDQLH GáXJRĞFL UDPLHQLD V]F]ĊNL
6]F]ĊNL FKZ\WDNyZ Vą SURZDG]RQH Z áRĪ\VNDFK WRF]Q\FK .RQVWUXNFMD FKZ\WDNyZ WHJR
W\SX MHVW EDUG]LHM VNRPSOLNRZDQD L GODWHJR FKZ\WDNL UyZQROHJáH Vą GURĪV]H RG FKZ\WD
NyZNąWRZ\FK&KZ\WDNL]HV]F]ĊNDPLRUXFKXUyZQROHJá\PVąZ\SRVDĪRQHZOXE
V]F]ĊNL3RGDQDZGRNXPHQWDFMLWHFKQLF]QHMVLáDWU]\PDQLDGRW\F]\W\ONRMHGQHMV]F]ĊNL
0,6 MPa
300
0,5 MPa
Siła trzymania [N]
250
0,4 MPa
200
0,3 MPa
150
0,2 MPa
100
L
50
0
40 80 120 160
Chwytanie Chwytanie
zewnętrzne wewnętrzne
5\V 6LáDWU]\PDQLDZ]DOHĪQRĞFLRGGáXJRĞFLUDPLHQLDLFLĞQLHQLDSRZLHWU]D]DVLODMąFHJR

7UDLQLQJ
'REyUFKZ\WDND
6LáDWU]\PDQLD
1DZLHONRĞüVLá\NRQLHF]QHMGRSHZQHJRFKZ\WDQLDPDQLSXORZDQ\FKSU]HGPLRWyZG]LDáDMą
JáyZQLHZSá\Z\G\QDPLF]QH
:\EyUFKZ\WDNyZSU]\REFLąĪHQLHPG\QDPLF]Q\P

:DUXQNL 2EOLF]HQLHVLá\WU]\PDQLD 'REyUZLHONRĞFLFKZ\WDND
]Z\NUHVXVLá\WU]\PDQLD
0DVD • 0LĊG]\SU]HGPLRWHP 0+6'

SU]HGPLRWX DV]F]ĊNąFKZ\WDNDG]LDáD
NJ
WDUFLHȝ SU]\
REOLF]DQLXFKZ\WDNyZQDOHĪ\ 200
160
Siła trzymania [N]

SU]HVWU]HJDüZVSyáF]\QQLNyZ
6SRVyE EH]SLHF]HĔVWZD 0,6 MPa
FKZ\WDQLD Z\PLHQLRQ\FKZWDEHOL 120 0,5 MPa

FKZ\W 96 0,4 MPa
80
]HZQĊWU]Q\ ,ORĞü 0,3 MPa
ȝ ȝ
ZVSyOF]\QQLN V]F]ĊN 40 0,2 MPa
0,1 MPa
WDUFLDȝ [ [
[ [
0 10 20 25 30 40 50
,ORĞüV]F]ĊN
[ [
• -HĪHOLSRGF]DVSUDF\Z\VWąSL
GXĪHSU]\VSLHV]HQLH • 6]F]ĊNDFKZ\WDNDW\SX
LXGHU]HQLDNRQLHF]QHMHVW 0+6'Z\WZDU]DSU]\
XZ]JOĊGQLHQLHZLĊNV]HJR FLĞQLHQLXSRZLHWU]D]DVLODMąFHJR
ZVSyáF]\QQLND S 03DLGáXJRĞFLUDPLHQLD
EH]SLHF]HĔVWZD / PPVLáĊWU]\PDQLD
• 5]HF]\ZLVWąVLáĊWU]\PDQLD )X 1
REOLF]DVLĊQDSRGVWDZLH • 6LáDWU]\PDQLDV]F]ĊNLZ\EUDQHJR
Z]RUX FKZ\WDNDMHVW[ZLĊNV]DRGVLá\

)X NJîPV î FLĊĪNRĞFLSU]HGPLRWXZ\EUDQD
1!VLáDWHRUHW\F]QD ZLHONRĞüFKZ\WDNDMHVW
RGSRZLHGQLD

'áXJRĞüUDPLHQLD/ PP

&LĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]DS 03D
:VSyáF]\QQLNLWDUFLDȝSDWU]WDE
0DWHULDá\ :VSyáF]\QQLNWDUFLD
V]F]ĊNDSU]HGPLRW 3RZLHU]FKQLDVXFKD 3RZLHU]FKQLDVPDURZDQD
6WDOVWDO GR
6WDOĪHOLZR GR
6WDOEUą] GR ±
0HWDOWZRU]\ZRV]WXF]QH GR ±
6WDOWHÀRQ GR ±
7ZRU]\ZRV]WXF]QHWZRU]\ZR
GR ±
V]WXF]QH
:LĊNV]H ZDUWRĞFL QDOHĪ\ VWRVRZDü GOD V]RUVWNLFK SRZLHU]FKQL PQLHMV]H GOD JáDGNLFK SRZLHU]FKQL
FKZ\WDQ\FKRELHNWyZ
7DEHOD :VSyáF]\QQLNLWDUFLDȝGODUyĪQ\FKPDWHULDáyZ

7UDLQLQJ
1LHSRĪąGDQHVLá\Z\VWĊSXMąFHSRGF]DVPDQLSXORZDQLDSU]HGPLRWDPL
3RGF]DV PDQLSXORZDQLD SU]HGPLRWDPL NRQLHF]QH MHVW XQLNDQLH SU]HQRV]HQLD QD V]F]ĊNL
FKZ\WDND VLá L PRPHQWyZ SRZVWDMąF\FK Z Z\QLNX NROL]ML SU]HQRV]RQHJR HOHPHQWX ] HOH
PHQWDPLNRQVWUXNFMLOXERWRF]HQLD
Działanie
niepożądanej
siły
5\V 1LHSRĪąGDQHVLá\V]NRGOLZHGODNRQVWUXNFMLFKZ\WDND
3XQNWFKZ\WDQLDSU]HGPLRWX
3XQNWG]LDáDQLDVLá\WU]\PDMąFHM
6LáDFKZ\WDQLDSRZLQQDG]LDáDüPRĪOLZLHEOLVNRĞURGNDFLĊĪNRĞFLPDQLSXORZDQHJRSU]HG
PLRWX:WHQVSRVyEZ\NOXF]RQH]RVWDQąQLHSRĪąGDQHVLá\LPRPHQW\G]LDáDMąFHQDV]F]ĊNL
LLFKPRFRZDQLHZNRUSXVLHFKZ\WDND
Punkt działania siły trzymającej =

środek ciężkości przedmiotu
5\V 3XQNWFKZ\WDQLDSU]HGPLRWX

7UDLQLQJ
ĝURGHNFLĊĪNRĞFLSU]HGPLRWXSR]DRVLąFKZ\WDND
ĝURGHNFLĊĪNRĞFLFKZ\WDQHJRSU]HGPLRWXDZNRQVHNZHQFMLSXQNWG]LDáDQLDVLá\FKZ\WDMą
FHMPRĪH]QDMGRZDüVLĊSR]DRVLąFKZ\WDNDW\ONRZRNUHĞORQ\FKJUDQLFDFK-HVWWRSU]HG
VWDZLRQH QD RGSRZLHGQLP Z\NUHVLH Z GRNXPHQWDFML WHFKQLF]QHM REUD]XMąF\P ]DOHĪQRĞü
GáXJRĞFLUDPLHQLD/PLPRRVLRZRĞFL+ĞURGNDFLĊĪNRĞFLSU]HGPLRWXLFLĞQLHQLDSRZLHWU]D
]DVLODMąFHJR GOD GDQHM ZLHONRĞFL FKZ\WDND 1LHSU]HVWU]HJDQLH ]DOHFDQ\FK GDQ\FK PRĪH
SURZDG]LüGRXV]NRG]HQLDV]F]ĊNFKZ\WDND
Prawidłowy stosunek Niedopuszczalna długość L

wymiarów H i L
Niedopuszczalna mimoosiowość H
5\V =DOHĪQRĞüGáXJRĞFLUDPLHQLDLPLPRRVLRZRĞFLĞURGNDFLĊĪNRĞFLSU]HGPLRWX
1DSRGVWDZLHZ\NUHVyZMDNQDU\VRGF]\WXMHVLĊGODZ\EUDQHJRW\SXLZLHONRĞFL

FKZ\WDNDGRSXV]F]DOQHZDUWRĞFLGáXJRĞFLUDPLHQLD/LPLPRRVLRZRĞFLĞURGNDFLĊĪNRĞFL+
GODRGSRZLHGQLHJRFLĞQLHQLDSRZLHWU]DS
140
Mimoosiowość H [mm]
120
100 0,3 0,2
MP MP
80 a a
60 0,5 0,4
MP MP
40 a a
0,6
M Pa
20
0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
5\V :\NUHVVáXĪąF\GRXVWDOHQLDGáXJRĞFLUDPLHQLD/LPLPRRVLRZRĞFLĞURGNDFLĊĪNRĞFL+
GODRGSRZLHGQLHJRFLĞQLHQLDSRZLHWU]D]DVLODMąFHJRS

7UDLQLQJ
'RNáDGQRĞüFHQWURZDQLDLFKZ\WDQLDSU]HGPLRWyZ
'RNáDGQRĞüFHQWURZDQLD
3QHXPDW\F]Q\QDSĊGREURWRZ\VNU]\GHáNRZ\PDZDáHNXáRĪ\VNRZDQ\ZáRĪ\VNDFKWRF]
Q\FK :DáHN MHVW SRáąF]RQ\ ] WDUF]ą NU]\ZNRZą 3RGF]DV REURWX WDUF]\ URONL SRUXV]DMą
VLĊZURZNDFKWDUF]\LZ\PXV]DMąOLQLRZ\UXFKV]F]ĊNSRUXV]DMąF\FKVLĊZSURZDGQLFDFK
]OLQLRZ\PLáRĪ\VNDPLZDOFRZ\PL7DNDNRQVWUXNFMDJZDUDQWXMHZ\VRNąGRNáDGQRĞüFHQWUR
ZDQLD]WROHUDQFMąU]ĊGXPP
Oś chwytaka
Dokładność
centrowania
Oś zamkniętych/
otwartych szczęk
5\V &KZ\WDNRZ\VRNLHMGRNáDGQRĞFLFHQWURZDQLDFKZ\WDQ\FKHOHPHQWyZ
3RZWDU]DOQRĞüFKZ\WDQLD
3RZWDU]DOQRĞüFKZ\WDQLDZ\UDĪDVLĊRGFK\OHQLHPRGOHJáRĞFL/U\VSU]\ZLHORNURW
Q\PFKZ\WDQLXHOHPHQWyZ:ZLĊNV]RĞFLW\SyZLZLHONRĞFLFKZ\WDNyZRGFK\OHQLHWR
Z\QRVLPP
L (mm)
5\V 3RZWDU]DOQRĞüFKZ\WDQLDHOHPHQWX

7UDLQLQJ
=DOHFHQLDGRW\F]ąFHPRQWDĪXLHNVSORDWDFML
'XĪHSUĊGNRĞFLUXFKXV]F]ĊN]PQLHMV]DMąRF]HNLZDQąWUZDáRĞüFKZ\WDNyZ'ODWHJRQDOHĪ\
VWRVRZDü]DZRU\GáDZLąFR]ZURWQHGRXVWDZLDQLDSUĊGNRĞFL]DP\NDQLDRWZLHUDQLDV]F]ĊN
FKZ\WDNyZ
1DOHĪ\VWRVRZDüMDNQDMNUyWV]HLMDNQDMOĪHMV]HQDNáDGNLQDV]F]ĊNLFKZ\WDNyZGOD]PQLHM
V]HQLDZDUWRĞFLHQHUJLLNLQHW\F]QHMLPRPHQWyZNWyUHG]LDáDMąQDV]F]ĊNL7RZ\GáXĪDLFK
Ī\ZRWQRĞü
1DNáDGNL V]F]ĊN GR PDQLSXORZDQLD SU]HGPLRWDPL R PDá\FK UR]PLDUDFK QDOHĪ\ RGFLą

Ī\üZWDNLVSRVyEDE\SU]\]DPNQLĊFLXV]F]ĊNSRVWDáDPLĊG]\QLPLZROQDSU]HVWU]HĔ7R
]DSHZQLDQLH]DZRGQ\LGRNáDGQ\PRQWDĪSU]HGPLRWyZ
Wolna przestrzeń Wolna przestrzeń
Wałek, krążek Płyta
5\V 2GFLąĪHQLHQDNáDGHNV]F]ĊNFKZ\WDND
3RGF]DVPRQWDĪXQDNáDGHNQDV]F]ĊNDFKQDOHĪ\SDPLĊWDüDE\PRPHQW\GRNUĊFDMąFHĞUXE
PRFXMąF\FKQLHSU]HQLRVá\VLĊQDSURZDGQLFĊV]F]ĊNLFKZ\WDND
Szczęka
Nakładka
5\V 0RQWDĪQDNáDGNLQDV]F]ĊNĊFKZ\WDND

7UDLQLQJ
&KZ\WDNL QLH SRZLQQ\ E\ü VWRVRZDQH Z ĞURGRZLVNX Z NWyU\P WHPSHUDWXUD SU]HNUD

F]D&
5R]PDLWHSá\Q\UHV]WNLPHWDOXSR]RVWDáHSRVSDZDQLXLZV]HONLHJRURG]DMXS\áPRJą
VSRZRGRZDüXV]NRG]HQLHPHFKDQL]PXVWDQGDUGRZHJRFKZ\WDND'RSUDF\ZWDNLFK
ĞURGRZLVNDFK Vą SU]H]QDF]RQH VSHFMDOQH ZHUVMH FKZ\WDNyZ Z\SRVDĪRQ\FK Z HOD
VW\F]Qą RVáRQĊ SURZDGQLF V]F]ĊN FKZ\WDND 'RVWĊSQH Vą RVáRQ\ ] QDVWĊSXMąF\FK
PDWHULDáyZ
NDXF]XNFKORURSUHQRZ\GRĞURGRZLVNZNWyU\FKZ\VWĊSXMHS\á
NDXF]XNVLOLNRQRZ\GRVWRVRZDQLDZSU]HP\ĞOHVSRĪ\ZF]\P
NDXF]XN ÀXRURZ\ GR ]DEH]SLHF]HQLD SU]HG ROHMDPL FKáRG]ąFRVPDUXMąF\PL
ZRGąFKáRG]ąFąLWG
2VáRQDRFKURQQDFKURQLSU]HGZQLNDQLHP]DQLHF]\V]F]HĔGRSURZDGQLFV]F]ĊNFKZ\WDND
LPHFKDQL]PXQDSĊGXV]F]ĊN
5\V &KZ\WDNL]RVáRQąRFKURQQą

3RGVWDZRZHXNáDG\VWHURZDQLD
7UDLQLQJ
3U]H] SRáąF]HQLH NLONX ]DZRUyZ SRZVWDMą EORNL UHDOL]XMąFH SRGVWDZRZH IXQNFMH XNáDGX
VWHUXMąFHJR3U]\]DVWRVRZDQLXNLONXEORNyZ]DZRURZ\FKMHVWPRĪOLZHZ\NRQDQLHZSHáQL
IXQNFMRQDOQHJRVFKHPDWXXNáDGXSQHXPDW\F]QHJRGRVWHURZDQLDPDV]\QDPL
8NáDG\SRGVWDZRZHVáXĪąGRUHDOL]DFML
VWHURZDQLDUXFKDPLVLáRZQLNyZSQHXPDW\F]Q\FK
VWHURZDQLDLQQ\PL]DZRUDPLGR
± ]GDOQHJRVWHURZDQLDPDV]\Qą]UR]G]LHOQL
± ]PLDQ\IXQNFML]DZRUyZ
± EORNRZDQLDPHFKDQL]PyZGOD]DSHZQLHQLDEH]SLHF]HĔVWZDSUDF\LWG
=ZLĊNV]DQLHSU]HSá\ZXSRZLHWU]D
6LáRZQLN SQHXPDW\F]Q\ R GXĪHM ĞUHGQLF\ Z\PDJD GXĪHM LORĞFL SRZLHWU]D =DZyU NWy
UHJRSDUDPHWU\RGSRZLDGDMąPDNV\PDOQHPXFKZLORZHPX]XĪ\FLXSRZLHWU]DSU]H]VLáRZ
QLNSQHXPDW\F]Q\MHVWVWHURZDQ\SRĞUHGQLRSU]H]PDá\]DZyU3RĞUHGQLHVWHURZDQLH
]DZRUXHOLPLQXMHNRQLHF]QRĞü]DVWRVRZDQLDGXĪHMVLá\SRWU]HEQHMGRSU]HáąF]HQLD]DZRUX

7DNLXNáDGMHVWUyZQLHĪQD]\ZDQ\ÄZ]PDFQLDF]HPSU]HSá\ZX³LF]ĊVWRMHVWVWRVRZDQ\GR
]GDOQHJRVWHURZDQLDHOHPHQWDPLSQHXPDW\F]Q\PL'XĪ\]DZyUMHVWXPLHMVFRZLRQ\MDN
QDMEOLĪHMQDSĊGXSQHXPDW\F]QHJRVLáRZQLNDQDSĊGXREURWRZHJRDPDá\]DZyUZSXO
SLFLHVWHURZDQLD
5\V :]PDFQLDQLHSU]HSá\ZXSRZLHWU]D±SRĞUHGQLHVWHURZDQLH]DZRUHP

7UDLQLQJ
=PLDQD±RGZUyFHQLHV\JQDáXZ\MĞFLRZHJR]DZRUX
3U]HáąF]HQLH]DZRUXSRZRGXMH]PLDQĊRGZUyFHQLHV\JQDáXZ\MĞFLRZHJR]DZRUX
5\V D SU]HGVWDZLD ]DZyU ]DPNQLĊW\ Z SRáRĪHQLX VSRF]\QNRZ\P 1& =DZyU
]RVWDMHSU]HáąF]RQ\LQDZ\MĞFLX]DZRUXSRMDZLDVLĊFLĞQLHQLH5\VESU]HGVWDZLD
]DZyURWZDUW\ZSRáRĪHQLXVSRF]\QNRZ\P12=DZyU]RVWDMHSU]HáąF]RQ\LFLĞQLH
QLHQDZ\MĞFLX]DZRUX]QLND
5\V =PLDQDV\JQDáXZ\MĞFLRZHJR
)XQNFMDZ\ERUX
: W\P EORNX IXQNF\MQ\P PDá\ UĊF]QLH VWHURZDQ\ ]DZyU SU]HáąF]D GXĪ\ ]DZyU
NWyU\ SU]\NáDGRZR VWHUXMH UXFKHP VLáRZQLND GZXVWURQQHJR G]LDáDQLD -HGQRF]H
ĞQLH]DVWRVRZDQLHWHJRSRáąF]HQLD]DZRUyZSRZRGXMHZ]PRFQLHQLHVWUXPLHQLDREMĊWRĞFL
SRZLHWU]D
=DVWRVRZDQLHWDNLHJREORNXIXQNF\MQHJRGDMHPRĪOLZRĞüZ\ERUXMHGQHJR]GZyFKXNáDGyZ
VWHURZDQLDOXESURJUDPyZWHFKQRORJLF]Q\FK1DSU]\NáDGMHGQRZ\MĞFLH]DZRUXPRĪQD
SU]\SRU]ąGNRZDüDXWRPDW\F]QHPXSURJUDPRZLVWHUXMąFHPXF]HUZRQDODPSNDV\JQDOL]D
F\MQDDGUXJLHZ\MĞFLHV\VWHPRZLUĊF]QHJRVWHURZDQLD]DZRUDPL]LHORQDODPSNDV\JQDOL
]DF\MQD7DNLHSRáąF]HQLHXQLHPRĪOLZLDXUXFKRPLHQLHSURJUDPXDXWRPDW\F]QHJRVWHURZD
QLDSRGF]DVUĊF]QHJRVWHURZDQLDPDV]\Qą
zielona
czerwona
5\V :\EyUSRPLĊG]\GZRPDXNáDGDPLVWHURZDQLDPDV]\Qą

7UDLQLQJ
)XQNFMDSDPLĊFL
'RSU]HVWDZLHQLDELVWDELOQHJR]DZRUXZ\VWDUF]\NUyWNLLPSXOV=DZyUSR]RVWDMHZSRáR
ĪHQLXRGSRZLDGDMąF\PRVWDWQLHPXV\JQDáRZLSU]HáąF]DMąFHPX7DFHFKD]DZRUyZELVWD
ELOQ\FKMHVWZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQDGRUHDOL]RZDQLDIXQNFMLSDPLĊFLZXNáDGDFKVWHURZDQLD&]DV
PLĊG]\ XDNW\ZQLHQLHP ]DZRUyZ L RNUHĞOD F]DV SR]RVWDZDQLD ]DZRUX
ZGDQ\PSRáRĪHQLX
zielona
czerwona
5\V =PLDQDF]HUZRQHMODPSNLV\JQDOL]DF\MQHMQD]LHORQąSU]H]]DZyUL]PLDQD]LHORQHM

ODPSNLV\JQDOL]DF\MQHMQDF]HUZRQąSU]H]]DZyU
3U]HNDĨQLNF]DVRZ\
: Z\QLNX ]GáDZLHQLD GRSá\ZX SRZLHWU]D FLĞQLHQLH QDUDVWD VWRSQLRZR Z REMĊWRĞFL ]D GáD
ZLNLHP &]DV PLĊG]\ SRGDQLHP V\JQDáX ZHMĞFLRZHJR RWZDUFLHP SU]HSá\ZX SRZLHWU]D
DSRZVWDQLHPFLĞQLHQLDSRZLHWU]DNRQLHF]QHJRGRSU]HáąF]HQLD]DZRUX]DZyUQDU\V
]DOHĪ\RGSU]HNURMX]DZRUXGáDZLąFHJRLSRMHPQRĞFLNRPRU\SU]HNDĨQLNDF]DVRZHJR
,VWQLHMąF]WHU\SRGVWDZRZHIXQNFMHSQHXPDW\F]QHJRSU]HNDĨQLNDF]DVRZHJR
6\JQDáZHMĞFLRZ\ 1
0
2SyĨQLHQLH V\JQDáX Z\MĞFLRZHJR SR Záą
F]HQLXSU]HNDĨQLNDF]DVRZHJR
2SyĨQLHQLH ]DQLNX V\JQDáX Z\MĞFLRZHJR
SRZ\áąF]HQLXSU]HNDĨQLNDF]DVRZHJR
,PSXOVV\JQDáXZ\MĞFLRZHJRSRZáąF]HQLX
SU]HNDĨQLNDF]DVRZHJR
,PSXOV V\JQDáX Z\MĞFLRZHJR SR Z\áąF]H
QLXSU]HNDĨQLNDF]DVRZHJR
5\V &]WHU\SRGVWDZRZHIXQNFMHSQHXPDW\F]QHJRSU]HNDĨQLNDF]DVRZHJR

7UDLQLQJ
2SyĨQLHQLHV\JQDáXZ\MĞFLRZHJRSRZáąF]HQLX
5\V SU]HGVWDZLD VFKHPDW XNáDGX SQHXPDW\F]QHJR SU]HNDĨQLND F]DVRZHJR ] RSyĨ
QLHQLHP V\JQDáX Z\MĞFLRZHJR SR XDNW\ZQLHQLX SU]HNDĨQLND F]DVRZHJR 3R SU]HáąF]H
QLX]DZRUXSRZLHWU]HSá\QLHSU]H]]DZyUGáDZLąF\GR]ELRUQLNDVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLH
WU]DSU]HNDĨQLNDF]DVRZHJR]DZyU]ZURWQ\MHVW]DPNQLĊW\=DZyU]RVWDQLHSU]Háą
F]RQ\JG\FLĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]DZ]ELRUQLNXVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]DRVLąJQLHZ\PDJDQąZDU
WRĞüRN03D2SyĨQLHQLHV\JQDáXSU]HáąF]DMąFHJR]DZyUZ\QLND]XVWDZLH
QLD]DZRUXGáDZLąFHJRXPLHV]F]RQHJRPLĊG]\]DZRUHPD]ELRUQLNLHPVSUĊĪRQHJR
SRZLHWU]D=ZROQLHQLHSU]\FLVNX]DZRUXSRZRGXMHSU]HUZDQLHGRSá\ZXSRZLHWU]DGR
]ELRUQLNDVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]DD]DZyU]ZURWQ\XPRĪOLZLDV]\ENLHRGSRZLHWU]HQLH]ELRU
QLND2GSRZLHWU]HQLH]ELRUQLNDSRZRGXMH]DQLNV\JQDáXVWHUXMąFHJR]DZRUHPVSUĊ
Ī\QD]ZURWQDSU]HVWDZLDJRZSRáRĪHQLDZ\MĞFLRZH6\JQDáZ\MĞFLRZ\SU]HNDĨQLND]PLH
QLDZDUWRĞü]QD
Zbiornik sprężonego powietrza
5\V 2SyĨQLHQLHV\JQDáXZ\MĞFLRZHJRSRZáąF]HQLXSU]HNDĨQLNDF]DVRZHJR

7UDLQLQJ
2SyĨQLHQLH]DQLNXV\JQDáXZ\MĞFLRZHJRSRZ\áąF]HQLX
2SyĨQLHQLH ]DQLNX V\JQDáX Z\MĞFLRZHJR ]DZRUX G]LDáD QD WDNLHM VDPHM ]DVDG]LH
MDN RSLVDQ\ ZF]HĞQLHM SU]HNDĨQLN F]DVRZ\ DOH ]DZyU GáDZLąFR]ZURWQ\ MHVW ]DPRQWRZDQ\
RGZURWQLH3RSU]HáąF]HQLX]DZRUXSRZLHWU]HSá\QLHSU]H]]DZyUGáDZLąF\LRWZDUW\
]DZyU]ZURWQ\GR]ELRUQLNDVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]DSU]HNDĨQLNDF]DVRZHJR&LĞQLHQLHSRZLH
WU]DZ]ELRUQLNXEDUG]RV]\ENRRVLąJDZ\PDJDQąZDUWRĞüRN03D=ZROQLHQLHSU]\FL
VNX]DZRUXSRZRGXMHSU]HUZDQLHGRSá\ZXSRZLHWU]DGR]ELRUQLNDVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLH
WU]D=DZyU]ZURWQ\]DP\NDVLĊLSRZLHWU]H]H]ELRUQLNDVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]DZ\Sá\ZDSU]H]
]DZyUGáDZLąF\&LĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]DZ]ELRUQLNXSRZROLRSDGDGRZDUWRĞFLSU]\NWyUHMVSUĊ
Ī\QD]ZURWQDSRNRQXMHFLĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]DV\JQDáXVWHUXMąFHJRLSU]HVWDZLD]DZyU
ZSRáRĪHQLHZ\MĞFLRZH6\JQDáZ\MĞFLRZ\]SU]HNDĨQLND]PLHQLDZDUWRĞü]QD
5\V 2SyĨQLHQLH]DQLNXV\JQDáXZ\MĞFLRZHJRSRZ\áąF]HQLXSU]HNDĨQLNDF]DVRZHJR
,PSXOVV\JQDáXZ\MĞFLRZHJRSRZáąF]HQLXSU]HNDĨQLND
F]DVRZHJR
3RZáąF]HQLXSQHXPDW\F]QHJRSU]HNDĨQLNDF]DVRZHJRSU]\FLVNLHP]DZRUXQDZ\MĞFLX
Ä$³]DZRUXSRMDZLDVLĊF]DVRZRRJUDQLF]RQ\V\JQDáNWyU\PRĪHE\üGDOHMZ\NR
U]\VWDQ\ SU]H] XNáDG VWHUXMąF\ 3RZLHWU]H ] Z\MĞFLD ]DZRUX ]DVLOD QRUPDOQLH RWZDUW\
]DZyUZ\MĞFLRZ\SU]HNDĨQLNDDWDNĪHSU]H]]DZyUGáDZLąF\QDSHáQLD]ELRUQLNSU]HNDĨ
QLND3RX]\VNDQLXZ\PDJDQHJRFLĞQLHQLDZ]ELRUQLNXVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]D]DZyU
]RVWDMHSU]HáąF]RQ\1DMHJRZ\MĞFLX$V\JQDá]PLHQLDVLĊ]QD
5\V ,PSXOVV\JQDáXZ\MĞFLRZHJRSRZáąF]HQLXSU]HNDĨQLNDF]DVRZHJR

7UDLQLQJ
,PSXOVV\JQDáXZ\MĞFLRZHJRSRZ\áąF]HQLXSU]HNDĨQLND
F]DVRZHJR
: UD]LH NRQLHF]QRĞFL JHQHURZDQLD LPSXOVX V\JQDáX Z\MĞFLRZHJR SU]H] Z\áąF]HQLH
V\JQDáX VWHUXMąFHJR PXVL E\ü ]DSHZQLRQH GOD WHJR LPSXOVX QLH]DOHĪQH GRSURZDG]HQLH
VSUĊĪRQHJR SRZLHWU]D 0RĪQD MH X]\VNDü SU]H] XWZRU]HQLH XNáDGX SU]HGVWDZLRQHJR QD
LOXVWU
5\V ,PSXOVV\JQDáXZ\MĞFLRZHJRSRZ\áąF]HQLXSU]HNDĨQLNDF]DVRZHJR
3R ZáąF]HQLX SU]\FLVNLHP ]DZRUX QRUPDOQLH RWZDUW\ ]DZyU ]RVWDMH SU]Háą
F]RQ\MHGQRF]HĞQLHQDSHáQLDVLĊ]ELRUQLNVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]D3R]ZROQLHQLXSU]\FLVNX
]DZRUXVSUĊĪ\QD]ZURWQDSU]HáąF]D]DZyUGRSRáRĪHQLDZ\MĞFLRZHJRLáąF]\Z\M
ĞFLHÄ$³]H]ELRUQLNLHPVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]DQDZ\MĞFLXSRMDZLDVLĊV\JQDO&]DVWUZD
QLDV\JQDáXZ\MĞFLRZHJRLPSXOVXPRĪHE\üUHJXORZDQ\SU]H]SU]HVWDZLDQLH]DZRUXGáD
ZLąFHJR

7UDLQLQJ
6WHURZDQLHVLáRZQLNDPLSQHXPDW\F]Q\PL
6WHURZDQLHVLáRZQLNDPLSQHXPDW\F]Q\PLMHGQRVWURQQHJR
G]LDáDQLD
%H]SRĞUHGQLHVWHURZDQLHSQHXPDW\F]Q\PLVLáRZQLNDPLMHGQRVWURQ
QHJRG]LDáDQLDLUHJXODFMDSUĊGNRĞFLUXFKXWáRNyZ
3RQDFLĞQLĊFLXSU]\FLVNX]DPNQLĊWHJRZSRáRĪHQLXVSRF]\QNRZ\P]DZRUX1&NWyU\
MHVW SRáąF]RQ\ ] SQHXPDW\F]Q\P VLáRZQLNLHP MHGQRVWURQQHJR G]LDáDQLD WáRF]\VNR VLáRZ
QLND Z\VXZD VLĊ 3R ]ZROQLHQLX SU]\FLVNX VLáRZQLN ]RVWDMH RGSRZLHWU]RQ\ D VSUĊĪ\QD
]ZURWQD SU]HVXZD WáRN VLáRZQLND GR SRáRĪHQLD Z\MĞFLRZHJR 8NáDG ZHGáXJ WDNLHJR VFKH
PDWXMHVWQD]\ZDQ\EH]SRĞUHGQLPVWHURZDQLHPVLáRZQLNDPLSQHXPDW\F]Q\PL'ODVWHUR
ZDQLD GXĪ\PL VLáRZQLNDPL SQHXPDW\F]Q\PL NWyUH Z\PDJDMą GXĪ\FK LORĞFL SRZLHWU]D GOD
X]\VNDQLDZ\PDJDQHMSUĊGNRĞFLQDMF]ĊĞFLHMVWRVXMHVLĊVWHURZDQLHSRĞUHGQLHU\V
5\V %H]SRĞUHGQLHVWHURZDQLHSQHXPDW\F]Q\PLVLáRZQLNDPLMHGQRVWURQQHJRG]LDáDQLD
-HĪHOLSUĊGNRĞüUXFKXWáRF]\VNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRVLáRZQLNDMHGQRVWURQQHJRPDE\üUHJX
ORZDQD PRĪH RGE\ZDü VLĊ WR W\ONR SU]H] ]GáDZLHQLH SRZLHWU]D QD ZHMĞFLX GR VLáRZQLND
5HJXODFMDSUĊGNRĞFLSRGF]DVSRZURWQHJRZVXZDQLDVLĊWáRF]\VNDZSUDNW\FHSUDZLHQLJG\
QLHMHVWVWRVRZDQDZSU]\SDGNXSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKVLáRZQLNyZMHGQRVWURQQHJRG]LDáDQLD

7UDLQLQJ
3QHXPDW\F]QHVLáRZQLNLMHGQRVWURQQHJRG]LDáDQLD]PRĪOLZRĞFLąVWH
URZDQLD]GZyFKPLHMVF
]DVWRVRZDQLHVXP\ORJLF]QHM±IXQNFMD/8%
7áRF]\VNRSQHXPDW\F]QHJRVLáRZQLNDMHGQRVWURQQHJRG]LDáDQLDZ\VXZDVLĊJG\]RVWDQLH
QDFLĞQLĊW\SU]\FLVN]DZRUXOXESU]\FLVN]DZRUX6SUĊĪRQHSRZLHWU]H]]DZR
UyZOXEMHVWGRSURZDG]DQHGR]DZRUXORJLF]QHJRNWyU\UHDOL]XMHIXQNFMĊVXP\
ORJLF]QHM/8%
5\V 3QHXPDW\F]Q\VLáRZQLNMHGQRVWURQQHJRG]LDáDQLD]PRĪOLZRĞFLąVWHURZDQLD]GZyFK
PLHMVF

7UDLQLQJ
%ORNRZDQLH]DVWRVRZDQLHLORF]\QXORJLF]QHJR±IXQNFMD,
3RGF]DVUHDOL]DFMLQLHNWyU\FKRSHUDFML]GDU]DVLĊĪHXU]ąG]HQLHPXVLVSHáQLüGZDOXEZLĊ
FHM RNUHĞORQ\FK ZDUXQNyZ7\SRZ\P SU]\NáDGHP MHVW SUDVD ]DVLODQD VSUĊĪRQ\P SRZLH
WU]HPU\VD7DPDV]\QDPRĪHE\üXUXFKRPLRQDW\ONRZWHG\JG\]DPNQLĊWDMHVWMHM
SRNU\ZDL]RVWDQLHQDFLĞQLĊW\SU]\FLVN]DZRUX
=DPNQLĊFLHSRNU\Z\SRZRGXMHSU]HáąF]HQLH]DZRUX=DVLODQLHWHJR]DZRUXMHVWSRáą
F]RQH]Z\MĞFLHPVWHURZDQHJRSU]\FLVNLHP]DZRUX*G\RED]DZRU\L]RVWDQą
SU]HáąF]RQH ZyZF]DV VSUĊĪRQH SRZLHWU]H PRĪH Sá\Qąü GR VLáRZQLND SQHXPDW\F]QHJR
LMHJRWáRF]\VNRZ\VXZDVLĊ)XQNFMDLORF]\QXORJLF]QHJRNRQLXQNFML,
MHVWUHDOL]RZDQDSU]H]V]HUHJRZ\XNáDGGZyFK]DZRUyZ
*G\ V\JQDá\ RSLVDQ\FK Z\ĪHM ]DZRUyZ PDMą VSHáQLDü MHV]F]H LQQH IXQNFMH QS XDNW\Z
QLDQLH ZVNDĨQLNyZ RSW\F]Q\FK U\V E ZyZF]DV IXQNFMD LORF]\QX ORJLF]QHJR PRĪH
E\üUHDOL]RZDQDSU]H]SQHXPDW\F]QLHVWHURZDQ\L]DPNQLĊW\ZSRáRĪHQLXVSRF]\QNRZ\P
]DZyU1&=DVLODQLHWHJR]DZRUXMHVWSRáąF]RQH]Z\MĞFLHP]DZRUXVWHUR
ZDQHJRSU]\FLVNLHPDV\JQDáVWHUXMąF\SRELHUDQ\]Z\MĞFLD]DZRUXVWHURZDQHJR
SU]H]URONĊ
a b
5\V %ORNRZDQLH]DVWRVRZDQLHLORF]\QXORJLF]QHJR±IXQNFMD,

7UDLQLQJ
2GZUyFHQLHV\JQDáX]DVWRVRZDQLHQHJDFML±IXQNFMD1,(
%ORNRZDQLHPHFKDQLF]QH]DWU]\P\ZDQLHSyáSURGXNWyZQDWDĞPLHWUDQVSRUWXMąFHMLSRGREQH
]DVWRVRZDQLDZ\PDJDMąDE\RNUHĞORQ\PHFKDQL]P]DWU]\PDáVLĊZĪąGDQHMSR]\FML
'RUHDOL]DFMLWHJR]DGDQLDPRĪQD]DVWRVRZDüSQHXPDW\F]QLHVWHURZDQ\RWZDUW\ZSRáR
ĪHQLX VSRF]\QNRZ\P 12 ]DZyU 1DFLĞQLĊFLH SU]\FLVNX ]DZRUX SRZR
GXMHSU]HáąF]HQLH]DZRUX3QHXPDW\F]Q\VLáRZQLNMHGQRVWURQQHJRG]LDáDQLD]RVWDMH
RGSRZLHWU]RQ\ VSUĊĪ\QD ]ZRWQD Z\FRIXMH WáRF]\VNR GR SRáRĪHQLD Z\MĞFLRZHJR 0HFKD
QL]PEORNDG\VWHURZDQ\WáRF]\VNLHPVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJR]RVWDMHXUXFKRPLRQ\QS
EORNDGD PHFKDQLF]QD 6\JQDá Z\MĞFLRZ\ ]DZRUX PRĪH E\ü Z\NRU]\VWDQ\ GR ]DLQL
FMRZDQLDLQQ\FKIXQNFMLQSZáąF]HQLHZVNDĨQLNDRSW\F]QHJR2GZUyFHQLHV\JQDáX±
IXQNFMDQHJDFML1,(MHVWUHDOL]RZDQHSU]H]]DZRU\L
5\V :\FRIDQLHWáRF]\VNDVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRSU]H]]DVWRVRZDQLHRGZUyFHQLDV\
JQDáX

7UDLQLQJ
6WHURZDQLHVLáRZQLNDPLSQHXPDW\F]Q\PLGZXVWURQQHJR
G]LDáDQLD
6WHURZDQLHEH]SRĞUHGQLH
6WHURZDQLHVLáRZQLNDPLSQHXPDW\F]Q\PLMHGQRLGZXVWURQQHJRG]LDáDQLDUyĪQLVLĊVWRVR
ZDQ\PL]DZRUDPL'RVLáRZQLNyZSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKMHGQRVWURQQHJRG]LDáDQLDVWRVRZDQH
Vą]DZRU\DGRVLáRZQLNyZSQHXPDW\F]Q\FKGZXVWURQQHJRG]LDáDQLD]DZRU\
RUD]
1DU\VVSUĊĪRQHSRZLHWU]H]DVLODNDQDáZHMĞFLRZ\]DZRUXLNDQDáHPZ\MĞFLR
Z\PGRVWDMHVLĊGRVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRXWU]\PXMąFWáRF]\VNRZSR]\FMLZVXQLĊ
WHM1DFLĞQLĊFLHSU]\FLVNX]DZRUXVWHUXMąFHJRSRZRGXMHMHJRSU]HáąF]HQLHVSUĊĪRQH
SRZLHWU]H]DVLODNRPRUĊVLáRZQLND]DWáRNLHPNRPRUDSU]HGWáRNLHP]RVWDMHRGSRZLHWU]RQD
WáRF]\VNRVLáRZQLNDZ\VXZDVLĊ=ZROQLHQLHSU]\FLVNXSRZRGXMHSU]HáąF]HQLH]DZRUX
SU]H]VSUĊĪ\QĊ]ZURWQąGRSRáRĪHQLDZ\MĞFLRZHJRLWáRF]\VNRVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJR
Z\FRIXMHVLĊ3UĊGNRĞüUXFKXWáRF]\VNDMHVWUHJXORZDQD]DZRUDPLGáDZLąFR]ZURWQ\PL
5\V %H]SRĞUHGQLHVWHURZDQLHSQHXPDW\F]Q\PVLáRZQLNLHPGZXVWURQQHJRG]LDáDQLD

7UDLQLQJ
3R]RVWDZDQLHWáRF]\VNDVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRZSRáRĪHQLX
NUDĔFRZ\P
&]ĊVWRMHVWNRQLHF]QHDE\WáRF]\VNRVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRGZXVWURQQHJRG]LDáDQLD
SR]RVWDáRZSRáRĪHQLXNUDĔFRZ\PUyZQLHĪSR]DQLNXV\JQDáXVWHUXMąFHJR7DNLHZ\PDJD
QLHVSHáQLDIXQNFMDSDPLĊFLSU]HGVWDZLRQDQDU\VUHDOL]RZDQDSU]H]]DZyUELVWDELOQ\
-HJRSRáRĪHQLHSRSU]HáąF]HQLXSR]RVWDMHWDNLHMDNLHZ\PXVLáRVWDWQLV\JQDáVWHUXMąF\
1DFLĞQLĊFLHSU]\FLVNX]DZRUXSRZRGXMHSU]HáąF]HQLHELVWDELOQHJR]DZRUX
LZ\VXQLĊFLHWáRF]\VNDVLáRZQLNDGZXVWURQQHJRG]LDáDQLDSDWU]U\V3R]ZROQLH
QLXSU]\FLVNX]DZRUX]DZyUSR]RVWDMHSU]HáąF]RQ\LWáRF]\VNRVLáRZQLNDSR]RVWDMH
Z\VXQLĊWH1DFLĞQLĊFLHSU]\FLVNX]DZRUXSRZRGXMHSU]HáąF]HQLH]DZRUXGR
SRáRĪHQLDSLHUZRWQHJRDWáRF]\VNRVLáRZQLNDZ\FRIXMHVLĊ-HGQRF]HVQHQDFLĞQLĊFLHSU]\
FLVNyZ]DZRUyZLSRZRGXMHĪH]DZyUSR]RVWDMHZSRáRĪHQLXZMDNLPVLĊ]QDM
GXMHZGDQ\PPRPHQFLH
5\V 3R]RVWDZDQLHWáRF]\VNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRVLáRZQLNDGZXVWURQQHJRG]LDáDQLDZSRáRĪH
QLXNUDĔFRZ\P

7UDLQLQJ
2GF]\WDQLHSRáRĪHQLDNUDĔFRZHJR
$XWRPDW\F]Q\SRZUyWWáRF]\VNDGRSRáRĪHQLDZ\MĞFLRZHJR
(OHPHQWSU]HáąF]DMąF\NU]\ZND]DPRFRZDQ\QDWáRF]\VNXVLáRZQLNDGZXVWURQQHJRG]LD
áDQLDSU]HáąF]DQDNRĔFXVNRNXPHFKDQLF]QLHVWHURZDQ\]DZyU1&SDWU]U\V
3RZRGXMHWR]NROHLSU]HáąF]HQLHSQHXPDW\F]QLHVWHURZDQHJR]DZRUX7áR
F]\VNRVLáRZQLNDZ\FRIXMHVLĊGRSR]\FMLZ\MĞFLRZHM
5\V $XWRPDW\F]Q\SRZUyWWáRF]\VNDGRSR]\FMLZ\MĞFLRZHM
*G\E\ SU]\FLVN ]DZRUX E\á QDFLVNDQ\ QLHSU]HUZDQLH ZyZF]DV ]DZyU QLH
PyJáE\ SU]HáąF]\ü SQHXPDW\F]QLH VWHURZDQHJR ]DZRUX 6\JQDá VWHUXMąF\ PRĪH
SU]HVWDZLü]DZyUELVWDELOQ\W\ONRZWHG\JG\GUXJDNRPRUDVWHUXMąFD]DZRUXMHVWRGSRZLH
WU]RQD

7UDLQLQJ
-HĪHOLZSá\ZVWDáHJRSR]RVWDZDQLDZVWDQLHSU]HáąF]RQ\P]DZRUXVWHURZDQHJRSU]\
FLVNLHPQDDXWRPDW\F]Q\SRZUyWWáRF]\VNDVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRGRSR]\FMLZ\MĞFLR
ZHMPDE\üZ\HOLPLQRZDQ\FLąJá\V\JQDáZ\MĞFLRZ\]DZRUXPXVL]RVWDüSU]HNV]WDáFRQ\
ZLPSXOV6\JQDáPRĪQDSU]HNV]WDáFLüZXNáDG]LHSU]HGVWDZLRQ\PQDU\V]Z\NRU]\
VWDQLHPSU]HNDĨQLNDF]DVRZHJR
5\V $XWRPDW\F]Q\SRZUyWWáRF]\VNDVLáRZQLNDGRSR]\FMLZ\MĞFLRZHMSU]\FLąJá\PXDNW\Z
QLHQLX]DZRUX

7UDLQLQJ
3RZWDU]DOQHZ\VXZDQLHLZ\FRI\ZDQLHWáRF]\VNDVLáRZQLNDSQHXPD
W\F]QHJR
3RZWDU]DOQH Z\VXZDQLH L Z\FRI\ZDQLH WáRF]\VND VLáRZQLND SQHXPDW\F]QHJR ± SURVWROL
QLRZ\ UXFK QDZURWQ\ ± MHVW X]\VNLZDQH SU]H] ]DVWRVRZDQLH GZyFK ]DZRUyZ 1&
SDWU]U\V]DZRU\LVWHURZDQ\FKSU]H]HOHPHQWSU]HáąF]DMąF\QDWáRF]\VNX
ZNUDĔFRZ\FKSRáRĪHQLDFKVNRNX'R]DWU]\PDQLDUXFKXWáRF]\VNDZSRáRĪHQLXNUDĔFRZ\P
VWRVRZDQ\MHVWUĊF]QLHVWHURZDQ\ELVWDELOQ\VWHURZDQ\GĨZLJLHQNąSU]HFK\OQąSRNUĊWáHP
SU]\FLVNLHP]]DWU]DVNLHP]DZyU1&7HQ]DZyUMHVWSRáąF]RQ\V]HUHJRZR±LORF]\Q
ORJLF]Q\IXQNFMD,±]]DZRUHP3RSU]HáąF]HQLX]DZyUWHQ]DP\NDGRSá\ZVSUĊĪRQHJR
SRZLHWU]DGR]DZRUXLXQLHPRĪOLZLDZWHQVSRVyESU]HáąF]HQLHSQHXPDW\F]QLHVWHURZD
QHJRELVWDELOQHJR]DZRUX5XFKWáRF]\VNDMHVW]DWU]\P\ZDQ\ZSRáRĪHQLXNUDĔFR
Z\PSRZ\FRIDQLX
-HĪHOL]DZyUMHVWSRáąF]RQ\V]HUHJRZR]]DZRUHPZyZF]DVVLáRZQLN]DWU]\PXMHVLĊ

ZSRáRĪHQLXNUDĔFRZ\PSRZ\VXQLĊFLXWáRF]\VND
5\V 3RZWDU]DOQHZ\VXZDQLHLZ\FRI\ZDQLHWáRF]\VNDVLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRVWHURZD
QHSRáRĪHQLHP]DZRUX

SMC Podrecznik - cz2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

SMC Podrecznik - cz2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

 6SUĊĪDUNLLG\VWU\EXFMDVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]D

 ĝUHGQLFD SU]HZRGX GRSURZDG]DMąFHJR VSUĊĪRQH SRZLHWU]H PD EH]SRĞUHGQL ZSá\Z

ĝUHGQLFDRWZRUX ,ORĞüZ\FLHNDMąFHJR 6WUDW\

   

   

   

   

 &LĞQLHQLH Z VLHFL VSUĊĪRQHJR SRZLHWU]D QDOHĪ\ XWU]\P\ZDü QD PRĪOLZLH QDMQLĪV]\P

6SRVyEG\VWU\EXFMLVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]D XNáDGOLQLRZ\OXENRáRZ\ QLHPDZSá\ZXQDREOL

:HZQĊWU]Qą ĞUHGQLFĊ JáyZQHJR SU]HZRGX UXURZHJR L UR]JDáĊ]LHQLD QDOHĪ\ RGQLHĞü

3URV]Ċ RNUHĞOLü ZHZQĊWU]Qą ĞUHGQLFĊ SU]HZRGX UXURZHJR 6WUXPLHĔ REMĊWRĞFL SRZLHWU]D

6WUDW\FLĞQLHQLDQDPGáXJRĞFLSU]HZRGXZ\QRV]ąǻS N3DP N3DP

=DJLĊFLHR [P P

2GJDáĊ]LHQLH7 [P P

=DZyURGFLQDMąF\ [P P

2EOLF]DQDGáXJRĞüSU]HZRGX/Y //C PP P

ǻS N3DP N3DP

3R VSUDZG]HQLX SU]HSURZDG]RQ\P SU]\ ]DVWRVRZDQLX QRPRJUDPX ] U\V  VWZLHU

5\V (NZLZDOHQWQDSRZLHU]FKQLDSU]HORWX6 PP SU]HZRGyZ]WZRU]\ZV]WXF]Q\FK:\

4>1OPLQ@QDOHĪ\VWRVRZDüUyZQDQLH4 [6 SDWU]U\V 

 0HWRGD HPSLU\F]QD RSDUWD QD SRVLDGDQ\P GRĞZLDGF]HQLX L VSUDZG]RQD Z SUDNW\FH

6WUDW\ WHUPRG\QDPLF]QH NRPSHQVRZDQH SU]H] SRPQRĪHQLH Z\QLNX SU]H] ZVSyáF]\QQLN

0DWHULDá 'áXJRĞüSU]HZRGX 7\S]áąF]D

7DE (NZLZDOHQWQ\SU]HNUyMSU]HORWX6 PP SRWU]HEQ\GRX]\VNDQLDSUĊGNRĞFLWáRNDVLáRZQL

1LH MHVW PRĪOLZH X]\VNDQLH SUĊGNRĞFL WáRND VLáRZQLND SQHXPDW\F]QHJR Z\PLHQLRQ\FK

6LáRZQLNSQHXPDW\F]Q\RĞUHGQLF\' PPLVNRNX+ PPSUDFXMH]SUĊGNRĞFLą

:\PDJDQ\ HNZLZDOHQWQ\ SU]HNUyM SU]HORWX XNáDGX ]DZyU ± ]áąF]H ± SU]HZyG ± ]áąF]H

Ȉ6C PP[ PP

3U]HĞZLWUXU\ ĝUHGQLFD *UXERĞü 0DVD

ZHMĞFLHZ\MĞFLH 3QHXPDW\F]QH VLOQLNL

]DPNQLĊW\ 6LáRZQLNL MHGQR

 RWZDUW\ Z SRáR 6LáRZQLNL MHGQR

 SU]HáąF]D Z\MĞFLD

 SU]HáąF]D Z\MĞFLD

2GSRZLH 2GSRZLH :HMĞFLH :HMĞFLH

7U]SLHĔ 5ROND 'ĨZLJQLD]URONą

3U]\ VWRVRZDQLX ]DZRUyZ VWHURZDQ\FK GĨZLJQLą ] URONą NRQLHF]QH MHVW SU]HVWU]HJDQLH

5\V :\W\F]QHGODXVWDZLHQLDZ]DMHPQHJRSRáRĪHQLDURONLLNU]\ZNL± D NąWNU]\ZNL E VNRN

3U]\FLVNNU\W\ 3U]\FLVNZ\VWDMąF\ 3U]\FLVNJU]\ENRZ\ 3HGDá

 ELVWDELOQH ± PHFKDQL]P\ ] XVWDORQ\PL GZRPD SRáRĪHQLDPL 0RJą WR E\ü SU]\FLVNL

5\V 6WHURZDQHHOHNWURPDJQHW\F]QLHEH]SRĞUHGQLR]DZRU\ D L E ]HVSUĊĪ\Qą]ZURWQą

6WRSLHĔREFLąĪHQLD 1RUP\ ,621$085

6WRSLHĔ RFKURQ\ XU]ąG]HĔ HOHNWU\F]Q\FK ]JRGQLH ] QRUPDPL 31( L 31(1

3LHUZV]\]QDN 7DE =DEH]SLHF]HQLHSU]HGFLDáDPLVWDá\PL

'UXJL]QDN 7DE =DEH]SLHF]HQLHSU]HGZQLNDQLHPZRG\

3LHUZV]\ 2FKURQDRVyESU]HGGRVWĊSHP 2FKURQDXU]ąG]HQLDSU]HG

,3[ EUDNRFKURQ\ EUDNRFKURQ\

,3[ GUXWHPFLHQNLPQDU]ĊG]LHP RĞUHGQLF\PP  PP

,3[ GRZROQ\PQDU]ĊG]LHP RFKURQDS\áRV]F]HOQD

,3[ EUDNRFKURQ\ EUDNRFKURQ\

: ]DZRUDFK GR PRQWDĪX SU]HZRGRZHJR NDĪGH SU]\áąF]H ]DZRUX ]DVLODQLH VSUĊĪRQ\P

=DZRU\GRPRQWDĪXQDSá\WDFK W]Z]DZRU\Sá\WRZH ZV]\VWNLHZHMĞFLDZ\MĞFLDSQHXPD

6LáRZQLNL OLQLRZH SQHXPDW\F]QH PDMą QDVWĊSXMąFH ĞUHGQLFH ]JRGQLH ] ]DOHFHQLDPL QRUP

) VLáD >1@

$ SRZLHU]FKQLDWáRND >P@

S FLĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]DZHZQąWU]VLáRZQLND >3D 1P@

G ĞUHGQLFDWáRF]\VND >P@

5\V 7HRUHW\F]QDVLáD)>1@VLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRRGĞUHGQLF\GRPP SLRQRZD

3U]\UXFKXSR]LRP\P NąWĮ  REFLąĪHQLHZ\ZLHUDFDáąVZRMąPDVąQDFLVNQDSRGáRĪH

3U]\UXFKXSR]LRP\P NąWĮ  WU]HEDSRNRQDüW\ONRWDUFLHPLĊG]\SU]HVXZDQ\PREFLą

6WDORVWDO GR  GR 

6WDORĪHOLZR GR  GR 

6WDOREUą] GR  GR 

6SUĊĪDUNLLG\VWU\EXFMDVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]D

ĝUHGQLFD SU]HZRGX GRSURZDG]DMąFHJR VSUĊĪRQH SRZLHWU]H PD EH]SRĞUHGQL ZSá\Z

&LĞQLHQLH Z VLHFL VSUĊĪRQHJR SRZLHWU]D QDOHĪ\ XWU]\P\ZDü QD PRĪOLZLH QDMQLĪV]\P

6SRVyEG\VWU\EXFMLVSUĊĪRQHJRSRZLHWU]DXNáDGOLQLRZ\OXENRáRZ\QLHPDZSá\ZXQDREOL

3URV]Ċ RNUHĞOLü ZHZQĊWU]Qą ĞUHGQLFĊ SU]HZRGX UXURZHJR 6WUXPLHĔ REMĊWRĞFL SRZLHWU]D

6WUDW\FLĞQLHQLDQDPGáXJRĞFLSU]HZRGXZ\QRV]ąǻS N3DP N3DP

=DJLĊFLHR [P P

2GJDáĊ]LHQLH7 [P P

=DZyURGFLQDMąF\ [P P

2EOLF]DQDGáXJRĞüSU]HZRGX/Y //C PP P

ǻS N3DP N3DP

3R VSUDZG]HQLX SU]HSURZDG]RQ\P SU]\ ]DVWRVRZDQLX QRPRJUDPX ] U\V VWZLHU

5\V (NZLZDOHQWQDSRZLHU]FKQLDSU]HORWX6PPSU]HZRGyZ]WZRU]\ZV]WXF]Q\FK:\

4>1OPLQ@QDOHĪ\VWRVRZDüUyZQDQLH4 [6SDWU]U\V

0HWRGD HPSLU\F]QD RSDUWD QD SRVLDGDQ\P GRĞZLDGF]HQLX L VSUDZG]RQD Z SUDNW\FH

6WUDW\ WHUPRG\QDPLF]QH NRPSHQVRZDQH SU]H] SRPQRĪHQLH Z\QLNX SU]H] ZVSyáF]\QQLN

7DE (NZLZDOHQWQ\SU]HNUyMSU]HORWX6PPSRWU]HEQ\GRX]\VNDQLDSUĊGNRĞFLWáRNDVLáRZQL

1LH MHVW PRĪOLZH X]\VNDQLH SUĊGNRĞFL WáRND VLáRZQLND SQHXPDW\F]QHJR Z\PLHQLRQ\FK

6LáRZQLNSQHXPDW\F]Q\RĞUHGQLF\' PPLVNRNX+ PPSUDFXMH]SUĊGNRĞFLą

Ȉ6C PP[ PP

ZHMĞFLHZ\MĞFLH 3QHXPDW\F]QH VLOQLNL

]DPNQLĊW\ 6LáRZQLNL MHGQR

RWZDUW\ Z SRáR 6LáRZQLNL MHGQR

SU]HáąF]D Z\MĞFLD

SU]HáąF]D Z\MĞFLD

2GSRZLH 2GSRZLH :HMĞFLH :HMĞFLH

5\V :\W\F]QHGODXVWDZLHQLDZ]DMHPQHJRSRáRĪHQLDURONLLNU]\ZNL±DNąWNU]\ZNLEVNRN

ELVWDELOQH ± PHFKDQL]P\ ] XVWDORQ\PL GZRPD SRáRĪHQLDPL 0RJą WR E\ü SU]\FLVNL

5\V 6WHURZDQHHOHNWURPDJQHW\F]QLHEH]SRĞUHGQLR]DZRU\DLE]HVSUĊĪ\Qą]ZURWQą

6WRSLHĔREFLąĪHQLD 1RUP\,621$085

6WRSLHĔ RFKURQ\ XU]ąG]HĔ HOHNWU\F]Q\FK ]JRGQLH ] QRUPDPL 31( L 31(1

3LHUZV]\]QDN7DE=DEH]SLHF]HQLHSU]HGFLDáDPLVWDá\PL

'UXJL]QDN7DE=DEH]SLHF]HQLHSU]HGZQLNDQLHPZRG\

,3[ EUDNRFKURQ\ EUDNRFKURQ\

,3[ GUXWHPFLHQNLPQDU]ĊG]LHP RĞUHGQLF\PP PP

,3[ GRZROQ\PQDU]ĊG]LHP RFKURQDS\áRV]F]HOQD

,3[ EUDNRFKURQ\ EUDNRFKURQ\

=DZRU\GRPRQWDĪXQDSá\WDFKW]Z]DZRU\Sá\WRZHZV]\VWNLHZHMĞFLDZ\MĞFLDSQHXPD

) VLáD >1@

$ SRZLHU]FKQLDWáRND >P@

S FLĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]DZHZQąWU]VLáRZQLND >3D 1P@

G ĞUHGQLFDWáRF]\VND >P@

5\V 7HRUHW\F]QDVLáD)>1@VLáRZQLNDSQHXPDW\F]QHJRRGĞUHGQLF\GRPPSLRQRZD

3U]\UXFKXSR]LRP\PNąWĮ REFLąĪHQLHZ\ZLHUDFDáąVZRMąPDVąQDFLVNQDSRGáRĪH

3U]\UXFKXSR]LRP\PNąWĮ WU]HEDSRNRQDüW\ONRWDUFLHPLĊG]\SU]HVXZDQ\PREFLą

6WDORVWDO GR GR

6WDORĪHOLZR GR GR

6WDOREUą] GR GR

: WDEHOL Z\PLHQLRQH Vą ZVSyáF]\QQLNL REFLąĪHQLD WáRF]\VND GOD VLáRZQLNyZ SQHXPDW\F]

:WDEHOLSRGDQHVąPDNV\PDOQHGRSXV]F]DOQHREFLąĪHQLDWáRF]\VNZNJGODVLáRZQL

SLRQRZR & & & SR]LRPR

'DQH PDVDáDGXQNX NJ

)( )7[N 1[ 1

)D

)D 1[1

6LáRZQLNL SQHXPDW\F]QH R ZVSyáF]\QQLNX REFLąĪHQLD WáRF]\VND N L VSUDZQRĞFL

' ĞUHGQLFDWáRND >PP@

WáRND &LĞQLHQLHSRZLHWU]D03D

G+ ZHZQĊWU]QDĞUHGQLFDSU]HZRGX >PP@

'R Z\WZRU]HQLD 1P SRZLHWU]D SRWU]HED RNRáR N: HQHUJLL HOHNWU\F]QHM

' ĞUHGQLFDWáRND >PP@

Y SUĊGNRĞüWáRNDWáRF]\VND >PPV@

SU]HQLHVLHQLDQDPLQXWĊ >PLQ@

:WDEHOLSRGDQHMHVWPDNV\PDOQHFKZLORZH]XĪ\FLHSRZLHWU]D1OPLQSU]H]VLáRZQLN

RG SXQNWX Ä´ SURZDG]LP\ OLQLĊ SLRQRZą

GR SU]HFLĊFLD ] OLQLą ĞUHGQLF\ PP

SRGDQ\ Z\NUHV QLH XZ]JOĊGQLD VWUDW WHU

4PD[ 1OPLQ[ 1OPLQ

(QHUJLDNLQHW\F]QDREUDFDMąFHJRVLĊZLUXMąFHJRRELHNWX

(Ȧ HQHUJLDNLQHW\F]QDZLUXMąFHJRRELHNWX >- 1P@

2OHMSU]HSá\ZDSU]H]RWZRU\]WáRNDGRDNXPXODWRUD$NXPXODWRUWZRU]\SLHUĞFLHĔ

)E VLáDKDPRZDQLDUHDNFML >1@

( HQHUJLDFDáNRZLWD >- 1P@

VH HIHNW\ZQDGURJDWáXPLHQLDVNRNDPRUW\]DWRUD >P@

1LH ZROQR XĪ\ZDü DPRUW\]DWRUyZ MDNR VWDá\FK ]GHU]DNyZ L Z\NRU]\VW\

=DOHW\ SQHXPDW\F]QH WáXPLHQLH Z SRáRĪHQLX NUDĔFRZ\P SR]ZDOD QD

=DOHW\ GHF\GXMąFD GOD Z\ERUX ZLHONRĞFL QDSĊGX

:DG\ ZLĊNV]H Z\PDJDQLD SRG Z]JOĊGHP NRQ

:DG\ ZLĊNV]H Z\PDJDQLD NRQVWUXNF\MQH QLĪ

.ąW PLĊG]\ RVLą DPRUW\]DWRUD D NLHUXQNLHP G]LDáDQLD VLá\ Z\QLNDMąFHM ] KDPRZDQLD