UMTS OVERVIEW

9.11.2007
Yüksel Yılmaz
 Mobile Technology Evaluation

5% PDC 3G/UMTS
TD-CDMA

73% GSM GPRS TD-SCDMA HSDPA

W-CDMA

90%
9% TDMA EDGE +

CDMA2000 CDMA2000
13 CDMA One 1x RTT 1x EV-DV
% CDMA2000
1x EV-DO
Services and Applications

Video services
( video call, video contents, Live TV,Streaming)

Location Base Services ( transportation and logistic,

security, navigation)

Interactive services
Music (master tone, ringback , MP3 download )

M-business ( prepaid top-up, m-bilet, m-bahis )

Interactive games

Video,voice and data access at the same time

Fast Internet connection

 Mobile Broadband Comparation
Maksimum download data(MB)

GPRS 200sn 80 Kbps

We are
EDGE 80sn 200 Kbps
here
W-CDMA 40sn 384 Kbps

DSL 1.5 Mbps

EV-DO 2.4 Mbps

Cable 3.0 Mbps

HSDPA 4sn 3.6 Mbps

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
SMS Email Internet Java Email Music Video download
Game
Access attachment download
3GPP Evaluation

• 3G LTE

• MBMS
• Enh UL • Enh UL
• HSDPA Ph2
• HSDPA Ph2
R99

2004-5 2006 2007 2008-9

Mobile Technologies
TURKCELL TURKCELL

UMTS APPLICATION
UMTS APPLICATION
FIELD
FIELD

3G COVERS 2G
Operator Evaluation period

Technology

3G
3G
2G 3G
2G
Network

Service
UMTS WCDMA
TURKCELL TURKCELL

UMTS NETWORK
TURKCELL TURKCELL

UMTS
UMTS
MAIN NETWORK
MAIN NETWORK

Standart interface
TURKCELL TURKCELL

UMTS NETWORK
UMTS NETWORK WITH
WITH GSM
GSM

CO-EXİSTANCE
CO-EXİSTANCE
GSM&UMTSNODES
GSM&UMTS NODES
TURKCELL TURKCELL

UMTS
UMTS
PHASE1 NETWORK
PHASE1 NETWORK

Main Change
TURKCELL TURKCELL

UTRAN
UTRAN
TURKCELL TURKCELL

LOGICAL RNC
LOGICAL RNC TYPES
TYPES

SOFTER HANDOVER SOFT HANDOVER

TURKCELL TURKCELL

UMTS CELL
CELL
UMTS
CONCEPT
Macro Cell
CONCEPT
•Large coverage (->GSM)
Micro Cell
•High mobility
•Max
•Hot384/144 kbps
spot coverage
Pico Cell
•Range > several
•Low/medium 1km
mobility
•High
•Max Indoor Low
2048/384 kbpsoutdoor coverage
•Low mobility
•Range (<10km/h)
> several 100m
•Max 2048 kbps
•Range > several 10m
TURKCELL TURKCELL

UMTS CONCEPT
TURKCELL TURKCELL

DEMANDS ON
DEMANDS ON UMTS
UMTS
LOW COST
COMMUNICATION

UMTS
TURKCELL TURKCELL

EXAMPLE OF
EXAMPLE OF UMTS
UMTS
SERVİCES
SERVİCES
 TURKCELL TURKCELL

UMTS SERVİCES
UMTS SERVİCES AND
AND
DATA RATE
DATA RATE

UMTS offers flexible and

dynamic bit rat
8 – 2000 kbps
TURKCELL TURKCELL

UMTS
UMTS
CONCEPT (ZONE)
CONCEPT (ZONE)
TURKCELL TURKCELL

UMTS SPECTRUM
UMTS SPECTRUM

UMTS UMTS

NEW LICANCE
RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES

HOW?
TURKCELL TURKCELL

RADIO ACCESS
RADIO ACCESS TYPES
TYPES

All user in same frequency

RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES
FDMA
CDMA
P
Band Genişliği P P

t t

x
kod
f1 f2 f3 f4
TDMA Band Genişliği

Band Genişliği
P

kod1 kod1
kod2 kod2
t3 kod3 kod3
t2 kod4 kod4
t1 kod5 kod5
f1 f2 f3 f4 f1 f2
 WCDMA Frequecy Band in Europe

1900 1920 FDD- UL 1980 2010 2025 2110 FDD- DL 2170

20MHz 60MHz 15MHz 60MHz

1 Carrier = 5 MHz
Total number of FDD carriers 60/5 = 12

Total number of TDD carriers (20+15)/5 = 7

 TURKCELL TURKCELL

SPECTRUM REQUIREMENTS
SPECTRUM REQUIREMENTS
FOR OPERATORS
FOR OPERATORS

Macro cell Micro Cell

15 MHz
UMTS RADIO ACCESS NETWORK (UTRAN)
WCDMA TECHNOLOGY
TURKCELL TURKCELL

TRANSMISSION TYPES
TRANSMISSION TYPES

FREQUENCY
TURKCELL TURKCELL

SPREADING
SPREADING
SF:SPREADING
FACTOR

B
UMTS
5MHz
GSM
200KHz 3,84MHz

B= 3,84MHZ DUE TO GUARD PERİOD

TURKCELL TURKCELL

WCDMA Cocktail
WCDMA Cocktail Party
Party

CODE

HOW SPANISH PEOPLE LISTEN SPANISH MUSIC ?

TURKCELL TURKCELL

SPREADING
SPREADING

SF= ? 4

SF GAIN DEPENDS ON USER DATA RATE

 WCDMA CODES

WHICHBTS
WHICH BTS??
WHICHMS
WHICH MS??
WHICHDATA
WHICH DATARATE?
RATE?
HOWMANY
HOW MANYAPPLICATIONS?
APPLICATIONS?

•PN (SCRAMBLING) CODE

• -(LONG CODE)

•ORTHOGONAL CODE -Spreading

-(SHORT CODE)
TURKCELL TURKCELL

PN CODES
PN CODES

Uplink: PN Code used to distinguish each Mobile Station

Downlink: PN Code used to distinguish each Base Station
Cell Site “1” transmits using PN code 1

PN1 PN1

PN3 PN4

Cell Site “2” transmits using PN code 2

PN2 PN2

PN5 PN6
TURKCELL TURKCELL

PN CODES
PN CODES

Two Transmitters at the same frequency

Amplitude

Signal 1

Frequency PN Code 1
Both signals combined
in the air interface
Amplitude

Signal 2

Frequency
PN Code 2

AT THE RECEIVER... Spread Spectrum

Processing Gain
Both signals are
received together ⎛ PN Code Rate ⎞
=⎜ ⎟
⎝ Data Rate ⎠
PN Code 1 Signal 1 is reconstructed
Signal 2 looks like noise
TURKCELL TURKCELL

ORTHOGONAL CODES
ORTHOGONAL CODES

Downlink: Orthogonal Codes used to distinguish data channels

Coming from each Base Station

OC3, OC4
OC1, OC2

OC5, OC6, OC7

Uplink: Orthogonal Codes used to distinguish data channels

coming from each Mobile Station

OC1, OC2
OC1 , OC2, OC3

OC1, OC2, OC3, OC4

 TURKCELL TURKCELL

ORTHOGONAL CODES
ORTHOGONAL CODES

1
Chip Rate = 3.840 Mcps
User with 4x Bit Rate

11 1.92 Mb/s (Walsh)Codes

(Walsh) Codes 10

1111 1100 1010 1001

11111111 11110000 11001100 11000011 10101010 10100101 10011001 10010110

480 kb/s 480 kb/s 480 kb/s 480 kb/s 480 kb/s 480 kb/s 480 kb/s 480 kb/s

= Unusable Code Space

TURKCELL TURKCELL

CODES SUMMARY
CODES SUMMARY

Spread Code
Spectrum Division • Cellular CDMA (IS-95, cdma2000, WCDMA)
Multiple Multiple
Access Access
– PN Codes are used:
User 1
• To distinguish between Mobile Stations
User 2
• To distinguish between Base Stations
User 3 Frequency

...
– Orthogonal Codes are used:
• To distinguish between data channels
PN Spreading Codes
coming from each MS
and
• To distinguish between data channels
from each BS
Orthogonal Codes

are simultaneously utilized

TURKCELL TURKCELL

WCDMA ASPECTS
WCDMA ASPECTS

POWER CONTROL
POWER CONTROL
CELL BREATHING
CELL BREATHING

RAKE RECEIVER
RAKE RECEIVER

HANDOVER
HANDOVER
TURKCELL TURKCELL

POWER CONTROL
POWER CONTROL

WHY POWER CONTROL ?

Desired Signal
Threshold

İnterferer

Signal
p1 p2 p3

Increase Capacity
Increase Capacity
TURKCELL TURKCELL

RAKE RECEIVER
RAKE RECEIVER

• CDMA Mobile Station RAKE Receiver Architecture

– Each finger tracks a single multipath reflection
• Also be used to track other base station’s signal during soft handover
– One finger used as a “Searcher” to identify other base stations

Finger #1
Sum of
individual
Finger #2 multipath
components
Combiner

Finger #N

Searcher Finger
 WCDMA Radio Access Services(RAB)

CS PS

12,2kbps 64/64kbps 64/64kbps 64/128kbps 64/384kbps 5,7/14Mbps

VOICE (UL/DL) (UL/DL) (UL/DL) (UL/DL) HSPA

Video Call

RAB

UE NodeB RNC CN
WCDMA BASIC PRINCIPAL

P P
t t

code x

Spread signal by means of codes

CODE
12,2 KHZ
Voice service

3,84Mhz
Bandwith of coded signal
 Spreading Factor Gain-1

Power density
Unspread signal

SF= W/Rb

Background Noise
Spread signal
Frequency
Rb

W=3,84MHz
Spreading Factor Gain-2
Rb Change by service
SF= W/Rb
W 3,84Mbit (fix)
User bit rate Kbit W=3840 SF SF gain
Kbit dB
15 3840 256 24

30 3840 128 21

60 3840 64 18

120 3840 32
ORTHOGONAL
15

240 3840 16 DEĞİŞKEN

12 KOD
480 3840 8 9

960 3840 4 6

1920 3840 2 3
3840 3840 1 0
 Spreading Factor Gain-3

SF= ? 4

SF GAIN DEPEND ON USER DATA RATE

 ORTHOGONAL VARIABLE SPREADING FACTOR (OVSF)

•SF Gain depend on OVSF codes.

OVSF Code Tree

SF=1 1
Chip
Chip Rate
Rate =
= 3.840
3.840 Mcps
Mcps
User data

SF=2 11 1.92 Mb/s 10

1920 kb/s

SF=4 1111 1100 1010 1001

960 kb/s

SF=8 1111111
1
1111000
0
1100110
0
1100001
1
1010101
0
1010010
1
1001100
1
1001011
0
480 kb/s 480 kb/s 480 kb/s 480 kb/s 480
480 kb/s
kb/s 480
480 kb/s
kb/s 480 kb/s 480
480 kb/s
kb/s

= Unusable Code Space

 ORTHOGONALITY

Orthoganality = 0 Orthoganality = 0,5 Orthoganality = 1

Uplink Downlink

•UL scrambling codes has not got orthogonality

•DL scrambling codes has got orthogonality
 Channelization codes are ‘Orthogonal’

(1,1)
CH1
CH1
(SF 128)
(SF 128)
Lost one chip
= 1/128 symbols

(1,-1)

(1,-1)
Ch1 + CH
CH2
CH2 2
(SF 8)
(SF 8)
(1,-1) Since codes are Orthogonal one channel
cannot currupt both chips, regardless of
the power imbalance
I-Q CODE MULTIPLEXING WITH COMPLEX SCRAMBLING
CHANNELISATION CODE

DPDCH I
COMPLEX
SCRAMBLING CODE

I+JQ

Q
*J
DPCCH
G=1 control channel
G=0.5 data channel
CHANNELISATION CODE G
 SCRAMBLING CODES

USAGE
•UL: Separation of Terminals

•DL: Separation of Cells

NUMBER OF CODES

•UL: Several Millions

•DL: 512

CODE FAMILY

•Long 10 ms Code: Gold Code

 CHANNELISATION CODE TREE
c4,1=(1,1,1,1)

c2,1=(1,1)

c4,2=(1,1,-1,-1)
c1,1=(1)

SF=4 c4,3=(1,-1,1,-1)

c2,2=(1,-1)

SF=8 c4,4=(1,-1,-1,1)

SF=16
 CHANNELIZATION CODES
USAGE
•UL: Separation of physıcal data and control
channels from same terminal
DPDCH
DPCCH
•DL: Separation of downlink connections to
different users with in one cell
NUMBER OF CODES
•UL/DL: Spreading Factor 4 to 512

CODE FAMILY
•Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF)
 SCRAMBLING CODE-1

Uplink

UL scrambling codes are used to distinquish each Mobile

•Number of Scrambling code (224) (approximately 17 Millions.)

•UL scrambling codes are not orthogonal.
•UL scrambling codes given by RNC to MS
Downlink

DL scrambling codes are used to distinquish each sector

•Number of DL primary Scrambling codes is 512

•DL scrambling codes are orthogonal
SCRAMBLING KOD-2
CODE USING

Uplink : Distinquish Mobil Terminal.

Downlink: Distinquish each cell.
NodeB Cell “1” PN code 1
PN1 PN1

PN3 PN4

NodeB cell “2” PN code 2

PN2 PN2

PN5 PN6
RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-1

Cell
Capacity
RRM
NodeB

RNC Optimization

Cell Service
Coverage Quality
RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-2

PAKET
RRM SCHEDULING
Admission
AdmissionControl
Control

LOAD
CONTROL

Power HANDOVER
control CONTROL
RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-3
dB

Power or Load Limit

Kbps

384 384 384

128 128 128
64 FACH 64
HSDPA- Kullanıcı Terminal

Teorik olarak DL yönünde tepe veri hızı 14Mbps dır

Pazarda 1,8Mbps ve 3,6Mbps mevcuttur

 HSDPA- Radyo Özellikleri-1

•Ortak Kanal Kullanımı

Dinamik olarak Kod ve Zaman bazında paylaşım

Sabit OVSFC (SF 16) kullanılır.

Kullanıcı terminal özelliğine bağlı

olarak aynı anda 15 SF16 kullanılabilir.

•Kısa TTI aralığı

Her 2ms (TTI) de bir farklı kullanıcıya
servis verilebilir.
 HSDPA- Radyo Özellikleri-2

•Yüksek seviyede Modülasyon

16 QAM özelliği bulunmaktadır.

•Hızlı Link Adaptasyonu

Radyo kalitesine bağlı modülasyon seviyeleri ve
Tipleri değiştirilir.

Yüksek Radyo kalitesi 16QAM

Düşük Radyo kalitesi QPSK
 HSDPA- Radyo Özellikleri-3

•Hızlı Re-transmisyon
Hatalı paketler için Soft birleştirme yapılır.

Re-transmisyon Node-B – Kullanıcı terminali

arasında gerçekleşir.

PS Data PS Data
RLC ack/nack
L1 ack/nack

Re-transmisyon Retransmission
 HSDPA- Radyo Özellikleri-4

•Hızlı Scheduling
Kullanıcıların elde ettiği ortalama hızlara göre ortak kanalın hangi kullanıcı
veya kullanıcılara tahsis edilmesi gerektiği kontrol edilir.

Scheduling işlemi her TTI süresinde (2ms) yapılır.

Round-Robbin Gecikmeye bağlı

Scheduling
Algoritmaları
Proportional Fair Performansa bağlı
 HSDPA- Uygulama

HSDPA Uygulama Metodları

Aynı taşıyıcı kullanma

HSDPA

f1 R99+R5
WCDMA

Farklı taşıyıcı kullanma

HSDPA
WCDMA
f2 R5

f1 R99
 HSDPA - Özet
WCDMA- HSDPA GENEL KARŞILAŞTIRMA
WCDMA HSDPA
OVSFC VAR YOK
HIZLI GÜÇ KONTROL VAR YOK
DEĞİŞKEN MODÜLASYON YOK VAR
HIZLI RE-TRANSMISYON YOK VAR
SOFT HANDOVER VAR YOK
HIZLI SCHEDULING YOK VAR
TTI SURESI 10ms 2ms
MAKSİMUM KULLANICI
VERİ HIZI 384Kbps 14Mbps

HSDPA için 2nci taşıyıcı kullanılması durumunda, WCDMA’e göre DL

yönünde yaklaşık 3 kat daha fazla hücre kapasitesi oluşmaktadır.
TURKCELL TURKCELL

UMTS CORE NETWORK

TURKCELL TURKCELL

CORE NETWORK
CORE NETWORK
ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE

1. Layered Network Architecture

2. Transport Network

3. UMTS R1 and R2
 TURKCELL TURKCELL

CN LAYERS
CN LAYERS
Service Capability Servers Application
Services/
Servers
application Application
layer Servers

MSC SGSN HLR/AuC/FNR GMSC/Transit

Server Server Server

SGW
Control

PSTN/
ISDN

MGW
Connectivity
MGW Internet
GGSN Intranets
GSM

EDGE
WCDMA

Control
 TURKCELL TURKCELL

UEUMTS/GSMAN CN
UMTS/GSM External
Referencemodel
Reference model MSC
MSC SCF
SCF Networks

GMSC
GMSC
BSS
SIM MT BTS
A
SIM MT BSC MSC
MSC
ISDN
HLR
HLR AUC
AUC
Iu PSTN
PSPDN
SMS-
SMS- CSPDN
EIR
EIR GMSC PDN:
GMSC
-Intranet
RNS Gb SMS-
SMS- -Extranet
USIM
USIM ME
ME BS IWMSC -Internet
RNC IWMSC
Iu SGSN
SGSN
Iur GGSN
GGSN
RNS
USIM
USIM ME
ME BS RNC
SGSN Note:
SGSN Not all interfaces
WCDMA RAN shown and named
TURKCELL TURKCELL

Service Capability Applicati

UMTS/GSM
UMTS/GSM
Services/
application Applicati
Serve
on
Servers Serve
on
rs
layer
Referencemodel
Reference model rs
GMSC/Trans
MS SGS HLR/AuC/FN
Serv
C Serv
N R it Serv
er er er SG
Contr W
ol
PST
N/
MG ISDN
Connectivi
W MGW Internet
ty Intranet
GGS
GSM s
N
EDGE WCDM
A
Control Layer Control

Provides control for specific services, for example call control and
session management. Network specific.
Connectivity Layer
All services will use the same transport network, which forms the
connectivity layer. Here everything to do with the transport and
manipulation of user data is handled
Application Layer
In the final layer, the generic applications that may be used by all
types of services are located. These could be, for example, IN
applications.
 TURKCELL TURKCELL

CNNETWORK
CN NETWORKVISION
VISION

Appl Servers
Services/Applications SCP SCS

HLR
Control SIP
Telephony MSC SGSN
Server Server Server H.323

Connectivity MGW Internet

Connectivity backbone GGSN Intranets
WCDMA RAN (IP, ATM)
MGW MGW
MGW
PSTN/ISDN/
WCDMA RAN PLMN
TURKCELL TURKCELL

UMTS TRANSMISSION
NETWORK
TURKCELL TURKCELL

TRANSMISSION
TRANSMISSION
TECHNOLOGIES
TECHNOLOGIES

Content Applications
Servers
Service Capabilities Service Control

• SDH
Backbone Network
• ATM
Access Access
Access
• IP

Clients
TURKCELL TURKCELL

STEP1
STEP1

Backbone
GSM GSM
BSS BSS
ATM
A MSC/ Cello
VLR A
MGW HLR MSC/
AXE10
AXE10 VLR
TSC
STM ATM AXD301
ATM MGW
AXE10
ATM
WCDMA
RAN AXD301
STM
ATM TSC
Iu ATM MGW STM
AXE10
Cello
GMSC
ATM STM MGW STM
AXE10

MSC/ MSC/
VLR
STM VLR
GSM A GMSC TSC
BSS MGW GSM
MGW A
AXE10
AXE10 BSS
STM STM
TURKCELL TURKCELL

STEP2
STEP2
MGW
MGW Cello
GSM Cello
Backbone GSM
BSS BSS
A MSC/ HLR
VLR AXE10 A
MGW MSC/
AXE10 VLR
STM TSC
AXD301
MGW
AXE10

WCDMA MGW
RAN AXD301
Cello
TSC
Iu MGW STM
Cello AXE10

GMSC
STM MGW STM
AXE10

MSC/ MSC/
VLR STM VLR
GSM A GMSC TSC
BSS MGW GSM
MGW MGW A
AXE10
Cello AXE10 BSS
STM
TURKCELL TURKCELL

STEP3
STEP3
MGW
MGW Cello
IP- Cello
Backbone
BSS
MGW HLR
Cello AXE10

WCDMA
Router/ RAN
Switch
ATM/IP
MGW
Cello
Router/
WCDMA MGW Switch
RAN Cello ATM/IP
MSC/VLR
TSC/GMSC
Server Router/
AXE10 Switch
ATM/IP
MSC/VLR MGW
Cello
TSC/GMSC
MGW Server
Cello AXE10
MGW
GSM Cello
BSS MGW WCDMA
Cello RAN
 TURKCELL TURKCELL

UMTSNetwork
UMTS NetworkArchitecture
Architecture--
IPbased
IP baseddata
datatransport
transport
Application
Servers
Service Plane

HLR
SGSN
W
PS Domain
MSC GMSC
Server Server PSTN/ISDN
CS Domain
RBS RNC Control Plane
WCDMA RAN MGW/
MGW IP routers Internet
GGSN
Intranets
User Plane
 Teşekkürler

Yüksel Yılmaz
yuksel.yilmaz@turkcell.com.tr
5322100060