ORAL COMM PRE-LIMS Language

COMMUNICATION Proxemics Distance or space

- A two way process that occurs between two or more Intimate, personal, social, public
people and can be expressed using words, actions or Paralinguistic Intonation or volume of the voice
sometimes both. Eye Gaze Look (staring or glance)
- Express, connect, engage, understanding Haptics Touch or tap
- From the Latin word “communicare” which means to Appearance Looks or the way you dress
share Kronemics Time
- The meaningful exchange of information between Artifacts Objects associated with the person
two or a group of persons IMPROVING YOUR NON-VERBAL SKILLS
- The activity of conveying information as by speech, - Maintain eye contact
visuals (signboards on the road), signals (gestures), - Use posture to show interest
writing (messages, letters, e-mails), or behavior - Probe for more information
(actions or the way of doing things) - Avoid out of context non-verbal
TENETS OF COMMUNICATION - Study cultural diversities
Dynamic There are many variables or barriers - Improve your decoding skills
that affect meaningful interaction - Observe yourself in the mirror
Irreversible Ideas communicated to the others - Do not forget how appearance says something
cannot be taken back - Enlist family and friends
Contextualize Can have other meanings THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
d May occur in various settings and 1. Idea – I think
circumstances 2. Encoding – I deliberate
Continuous May involve constant interaction 3. Transmission – I throw
between the sender and receiver 4. Receiving – I obtain
Transaction It has a goal 5. Decode – I interpret
A constant reversal of roles for the 6. Feedback – I react
sender and receiver Incomplete without feedback
Learned Mastered through practice COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
Sharing of Content and relationship 1. Perception and Language
Meanings 2. Poor Listening
VERBAL COMMUNICATION 3. Emotional Interference
Code 4. Cultural Differences
- Systematic arrangement of letters, symbols, figures 5. Physical Distraction
and words through which a message is 6. Information Overload
communicated 7. Incorrect Filtering
- Phoneme – smallest meaningful sounds; 8. Closed Communication Climate
pronunciation or sound of each letters; IPA CHARACTERISTICS OF COMM. IN EXISTING MODELS
- Arrangement matters to have a clear delivery Linear One way process from the sender to
5 PRINCIPLES OF THE EFFECTIVE VERBAL COMM receiver and no feedback
Appropriateness Fits the context
Brevity Sensible and meaningful Interactive The participants take turns in acting as
Brief, simple and precise a sender and receiver and take turns
Clarity Comprehensible and anytime
understandable Transactional The communication is on-going or
Ethics Consider GREPS simultaneous and cannot change right
Adapt to the audience away
Vividness Tangible
Focus on the concrete rather than Recursive The sender and the receiver might find
the abstract themselves going back to the previous
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION stage to correct something
- Body movements
- 93% MODELS
Facial Emotions 1. Aristotle’s Model (linear)
Expressions - Before 300 BC
- Speaker centered model
Gestures Hand movements
- The role of the audience is passive
Ok sign, Dog call, that’s enough, fingers
- Public speaking
crossed, thumbs up, the corona
- Organized speech according to the target audience
Body From down the neck
 - Propaganda development Withdrawing Don’t care at all
- First and simplest
2. Lasswell’s Model (linear)
- 1948 Conflict Avoidance
- Influential communication model Competing High self; low Self-concern
3. Shannon and Weaver’s Model (linear) others
- 1949 Collaborating High self; high Give chances;
- Mother of all models others combination
- Interpersonal communication Compromising 50 self; 50 Meeting halfway
- Concept of noise helps in making the communication others
effective Avoiding Low self; low Not participating
4. Schramm’s Model (interactive) others
- 1954 Accommodating Low self; low Entertaining
- Similarity others everything (no right or
- Can immediately exchange ideas wrong)
- Same field of experiences 4. Public Communication
5. Berlo’s Model (linear) - 11 and up
- The receiver must have a very good listening skill - Happens when there is one sender giving a message
- No concept of feedback to a large group of receivers
- Both must be similar - Special occasion, giving information, presenting and
6. Barnlund’s Model (transactional) accepting an award, giving tribute, advocacy
- 1970  Mass Communication – if not face to face but
- Multilayered feedback system through media (TV, Skype, radio)
- A feedback for one is the message for the other INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
7. Julia Wood’s Model (transactional) - Talking to people from different nationalities
- 2004 Ethnocentrism
- Progresses over time, shared world between - Superiority of your own culture
communication is enlarged - Could lead to violence and war
- Social interaction between individuals Stereotyping
- Personalities and parties involved - Generalizing a characteristic of a particular group
TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT - Could lead to discrimination
Context Tolerance
- Circumstances; dependent on the number of - Awareness for the other’s culture
participants involved in the communication process - Accept and understand
1. Intrapersonal - Knowledge of both cultures
- 1 person only Lack of knowledge on cultural differences promote
- The same person acts as both the sender and ethnocentrism and stereotyping.
receiver of the message DIFFERENCE OF CULTURES
- Decisions, memorizing Social Values Group’s expectation from its
2. Interpersonal people
- 2 persons only
Decision Making Length of time spent to
- When the sender and the receiver are two different
Customs come up with a decision
persons
Concepts of Time Value of time
3. Group Communication
On time, ahead of time, just
- 3-10 persons only
in time
- When there are more than one sender and receiver
Personal Space Proximity when
interacting with one another
communicating
- Working in teams
Cultural Context How meaning is conveyed
- Success or failure may be dependent on the
behavior of the members in the group Behavior and Concept of what is rude and
Manners polite
Controlling Who dominates the discussion
Followed Gestures and Body Non-verbal meanings
Language
Egalitarian Willing to share but also open to the
ideas of others Legal and Ethical Laws of the land and the
society
Structuring Organized, follow a systematic way
Corporate Cultural Cultural differences between
Dynamic Encourages others to participate
Differences companies
Relinquishin Gives way to others to avoid conflict
Proverbs Reflects culture
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DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL OF INTERCULTURAL STAGES
Denial Stage The individual does not
recognize other cultures
Defense Stage The individual starts to
recognize cultural differences
and is intimidated by them
Minimization Universality of ideas
Stage Similarities of the culture
Acceptance Stage The individual begins to
appreciate important cultural
differences
Adaptation Stage The individual is very open to
world vies when accepting new
perspective
Integration Stage The individual start to go
beyond their own culture
COMMUNICATION FUNCTIONS
Regulation or To manage their behavior or
Control sometimes because we want
them to do things as we
please
Motivation To convince, persuade or
inspire others
Information Have ideas based on facts,
figures, statistics and other
reliable sources that we want
to share with others
Emotional To appeal to the emotions of
Expression other people
Social Interaction To form bonds with other
people or it is our way of
forcing friendship with them