PURPOSIVE COMMUNCATION COMMUNICATION

 It is about writing, speaking, and Latin- communicare

presenting to different kinds of audiences
for a various purpose.  to share or to make common
 To build social relationship  process of understanding and sharing
 To persuade meaning
 To gather information  relational process of creating and
interpreting messages that elicit a
response
MACRO SKILLS  exchanges of information, ideas, thoughts
RECEPTIVE PRODUCTIVE and feeling by an individual to another
 receive  speaking and
 things are writing
perceived NATURE OF COMMUNICATION
 listening,
reading, and Features and characteristics
viewing
Symbolic- includes gesture, images, body
language, and pauses
Making- creation of meaning
21ST CENTURY COMMUNICATION
Language – tool to communicate, it is dynamic Process Oriented- follows a process
because its changes and its conventional.
Complex- meanings based on the interaction
1. Grammar: Universal and it talks
about the convention. Contextual/Situational- share the same
2. Sounds: Speech is primary and knowledge
written is secondary Transactional- giver or receiver
3. Vocabulary: Receptive and Productive

COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION
PROCESS

METHOD OF HUMAN COMMUNICATION

 It is acquired or learned
 Mother tongue= L1
 L2: language that is institutionalized

 \Language Contact

LANGUAGE CONTACT

 2 languages had contact

 If a language may change, some language
may die.
 Pidgin: made by language contact, no
native user of language; used for
trading
 Creole: native users
KINDS OF BARRIERS
1. Psychological- thoughts that hamper the
message to be interpreted
2. Physiological- individuals health and
fitness
3. Linguistic- semantic (meaning) ; the
differences in word choices that may
differs in meaning
4. Cultural- misunderstanding of meaning, Lasswell’s Model
caused by cultural differences between S  Who, What, Which Channel? To whom?
and R. What effect?
5. Physical- Environmental Factors  Mass communication (TV and Radio)
6. Mechanical- Flaw in the machinery,
channel used to convey message.

COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCIES

1. Grammatical- rules
2. Socio Linguistic- context/situation
3. Discourse- ability to sustain the
conversation, coherent
4. Strategic- strategy to better understand
the communicative process

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION Shannon- Weaver Model

1. Linear Model- no feedback  Mother of all communication model

 Noise
Aristotle’s Model
 Focused in public speaking
 Speaker, speech, occasion, audience,
effect.
Berlo’s SMCR Model Osgood-Schramm’s Model
 Focused in public speaking  Circular, equal, interpretation, steps
 Speaker, speech, occasion, audience,
effect.

3. Interactive Model- simultaneous

White’s Model
 Thinking, Symbolizing, Expressing
Transmitting, Receiving, Decoding
Feedback, Monitoring

2. Interactive Model – send to receive; no

immediate response.
 Schramm: Father of Mass Communication
 Aristotle: Father of Communication
 Alexander Graham bell; Father of Modern
Communication; telephone

Schramm’s Model
 Interpretation (Kn, Expi, BG)
 Feedback (Field of expi)

Helical’s Model
 People are improving while
communicating
 Product on what we learn
 Grapevine Communication

 Single Strand Chain- passing information

through a line of people to the recipient.
 Gossip Chain- one tells the information to
everyone
 Probability Chain- random transmission of
message.
 Cluster Chain- tell info to a group and to
pass it to another group.

2. Context
Intrapersonal Interpersonal
 within an  Among people
individual;  Dyadic
metacognitive  Small group
process

Extended/Mediated Organizational
 use of  Business
technology environment
tools

Intercultural- among people of diverse culture

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION Intracultural- with in your group

Interethnic- something to change with ethnicity is
1. Mode
involved
Verbal Most common form, use of
Interracial- biological
words.
Non-Verbal Expressed through body signals International- diff. nations
Types of Non-Verbal
 Kinesics: body gestures
Mass Media- large audience through different
or movement
 Oculesics: eye movement modes.
 Haptics: Touch
 Proxemics: intimate,
relational, social,
distances.
 Chronemics: time;
include punctuality,
willingness to wait, and
interactions.
Visual Uses images, signs, and
symbols to convey meaning.
 PRINCIPLES OF INTERPERSONAL PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION

Communication is… 1. Clarity

2. Conciseness
 Inevitable- all actions communicate 3. Concreteness
 Irreversible- cannot take back what is 4. Correct
5. Coherence
said 6. Completeness
 Complex- interpreting differently 7. Courteousness
 Contextual- depending on conditions 8. Confidence
9. Consideration
 Psychological- emotional baggage
 Relational- short response
 Situational-what is situation ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN
COMMUNICATION
 Cultural-avoid the words about the
other culture. Respect the Audience
Consider the Result of Communication
3. Purpose and Style Value Truth
Use information Correctly
Formal Informal
Do not Falsify information
 Carefully  To build
thought, social
COMMUNICATION AND GLOBALIZATION
gather of relationship.
information Globalization- communication and assimilation
among individuals, ethnicities, races, institution.

Global Village- diff parts of the world from one

4. Organizational community to link with others by electronic
Downward- superior to subordinate communications.

Upward- Subordinate to superior

Horizontal- Among members
CULTURL BARRIERS IN EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE
 Misunderstanding of meanings
COMMUNICATION
 Cultural relativism
1. Purpose  Lack of Knowledge
2. Audience  Discrimination and Harassments
3. Adjust
 Stereotypes
4. Topic
 Prejudice
5. Adjust
 Discrimination
6. Feedback
 Language difference
STRATEGIES TO BECOME AN EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATOR
CHARACTERISTICS OF WE AND SE
1. Mindful Presence- we not me
WE SE
2. Mindful Speech- think before you speak
Flow of Steady Pause
3. Mindful Listening- putting yourself in
language
someone else’s shoes
4. Unconditional Friendliness- friend to Organization Structured Less particular
anyone
5. Mindful Responsiveness- be there in the
Register Formal and Mostly informal
moment
informal
SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS OF
COMMUNICATION
LANGUAGE REGISTER
 Cultural Identity
 Gender Role 1. Frozen- language that never changes

 Age Identity 2. Formal- Standard English

 Social Class 3. Consultative- Less formal

 Religious Identity 4. Casual- language among friends

5. Intimate- language for lovers and family

WRITTEN SPOKEN
LANGUAGE LANGUAGE EVALUATING MESSAGES
 Language is  Spontaneous
 Multimodal text in Communication
carefully  Momentary
organized and  Multi- various mode
 Maintain in a
explanatory  Text- emoticons, lines, drawing to express
form of
 Word of choice meaning.
dialogue
is deliberation
 Follows a
TEXT TYPES
particular
structure  Linguistic Landscape- signs and symbols
 Formal in public places
 Top down- created by state and local govt.
 Bottom-up- created by owners, private
business
KINDS OF SIGNS

 Regulatory Signs- signages

 Infrastructure- warning signages
 Commercial Signs – for sale
 Transgressive- graffito and doddles

PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION

 To persuade
 Emotion
 Attention; Authority to speak; Logical
presentation; Smart pacing; and stirring
Conclusions.

ARGUMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION

 Persuading based on facts and statistics

 Claims; Reasons; Support; warrant

PUBLIC SPEAKING

 Talking a lot of people in a public space.

SPEECH DELIVERY

 Manuscript Reading- word for word

 Memorized Speech- Committed to
memory
 Extemporaneous Speech- well prepared
 Impromptu- no advanced planning