1.

0 Design of Substructure
1.1 Design of Abutment
Section of Abutment
0.25 0.4 1.4 86.60 Deck Level

0.3 Location:
1.5 A6 A7 0.5 3.0 26°37'37.08"N, 86°18'28.37"E
A3 0.7
A5 0.5 83.10 Cap Level
3.0 A2 1.0

3.5 0.2 82.10 HFL

3.50 78.75 LBL

3.30
Y 0.65 A1 0.45
0.40 3.28
x A4
A 78.80 SBL
1.20 0.30
1.30 A8
T 77.50 FBL
Assume footing base level at 77.5 m and depth of footing as 1.3 m. SBL = Stem Bottom Level
FBL = Footing Bottom Level
MSL = Maximum Scour Level
Material Properties Abt. Stem Cap, back wall
Concrete grade (fck) 20 25 N/mm²
Steel grade (fe) 500 500 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear Sst = 240 240 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in direct compression Ssc = 205 205 N/mm²
Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure Scbc = 6.67 8.33 N/mm²
Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression Scc = 5 6.25 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m) m= 10 10
Neutral axis factor k= 0.217 0.258
j= 0.928 0.914
The resisting moment coefficient R= 0.672 0.982
IRC:21-2000, 303.2.1, Table 9,10
Levels
High Flood Level 82.10 m
Maximum scour level for abutment 76.89 m
Total depth of longitudinal girder including slab 3.00 m
Clear free board 1.50 m
Level of deck surface 86.60 m
Thickness of abutment cap 1.00 m
Abutment stem bottom level/ top level of footing (SBL) 78.80 m
Thickness of footing 1.30 m
Footing bottom level (FBL) 77.50 m
Thickness of bearing+ pedestal 0.50 m
Hence the total height of abutment H= 7.80 m
As per IRC : 6-2000, 217.1 for equivalent live load surcharge Hs= 1.2 m

Equivalent height of abutment H eq= 9.00 m

Length of abutment L= 11.00 m
Span Length 40 m S40

Page 1 of 8 Abt_stem Gagan Bridge_Design Draft(P)

 Approach slab Dimensions
Thickness of Approach slab 0.3 m
Length of approach slab 3.50 m
Width of approach slab 7.50 m
Ballast Wall
Width of Ballast wall 0.4 m
Length of Ballast wall 11 m
Wing Wall
Thickness of wing wall 0.4 m
Soil Data & Seismic Data
Unit weight of backfill soil g 18 kN/m³
Unit weight of concrete w_conc 24 kN/m³
Horizontal seismic coefficient aH 0.15
Vertical seismic coefficient an 0.075
Degree
Angle between the wall and earth a 0
Angle of internal friction of soil f 34
Angle of friction between soil and wall d 23
Analysis and Design of Abutment Stem
Area and C.G Calculation with respect to bottom of stem point A

2
Symbol Area (m ) CG-X CG-Y Volume,m3 Weight (KN)
A1 3.96 1.00 1.65 43.56 1045.44
A2 1.80 0.90 3.80 19.80 475.20
A3 1.40 0.20 6.05 15.40 369.60
A4 0.50 1.70 1.10 5.50 132.00
A5 5.25 -1.17 5.30 4.20 100.80
A6 5.25 -1.75 7.05 4.20 100.80
A7 0.13 -0.13 7.25 1.43 34.32
Total 18.29 94.09 2258.16
C.G from A 0.65 3.28
Distance of C.G from superstructure load point = 0.45
Forces on the Abutment
Total Dead Load from superstructure 4280.0 KN
Total Critical Live load including impact 1269.3 KN
Earth Pressure force (Including live load surcharge) [IRC:6-2000, 217.1]
Total Static earth pressure = 0.5* g * H² * tan²(45° - f/2)*L = 1702.84 KN
Which act at a distance from abutment base (0.42*H) 3.28 m
Due to live load surcharge = g * Hs*H * tan²(45° - f/2)*L = 523.95 KN
Which act at a distance from abutment base (0.5*H) 3.90 m
Total earth pressure= 2226.79 KN
Total moment= 7628.72 KNm
Effect of buyoncy [IRC:6-2000, 216.4 (a)]
Area of stem at top = 13.2 m²
Depth of submerged part of abutment = 3.30 m
Area of stem at base = 16.5 m²
Area of stem at HFL = 13.20 m²
Volume of submerged part of abutment = 49.01 m³
Net upward force due to buyoncy = -490.10 kN
Breaking Force:[ IRC:6-2000, 214.2]
Braking force = 20% of the weight of the design vehicle (Class 70R)
And this force acts along the bridge at 1.2m above the road level 9.00 m from base
Total weight of the IRC Class 70R vehicle = 1000 kN
Therefore braking force = 200 kN

Page 2 of 8 Abt_stem Gagan Bridge_Design Draft(P)

 Frictional force due to resistance of bearings
Type of Bearings: PoT
CG of 70R load from the support having max. reaction 5.12 m
The bridge is subjected to breaking load at high above bearing level) 4.7 m
Breaking Load ( Fh) 200 kN
Reaction at support having max. reaction (A) 872.0 kN
Reaction at other support (B) 128.0 kN
Addition force due to support due to braking load + 23.50 kN
Total reaction at support A 848.50 kN
Total reaction at support B 151.50 kN
Dead load reaction at the end suppor B, (free end) 4280.00 kN
µ for pot and ptfe bearings, steel bearings (0.03 or 0.05 whicheve governs) 0.03
Horizontal force due to friction (Ff), µ(Rg+Rb) 132.95 kN
At fixed bearing
Horizontal force, greater of the following: (Non-Seismic) (Seismic)
Full LL No LL
Fh-Ff 67.05 kN 1351.05 1151.05
or 1/2Fh+Ff 232.95 kN 874.95 774.95
So, Horizontal force at the fixed bearing in abutment 232.95 kN 1351.05 1151.05
(i) No Seismic Case:
Force on fixed bearings 232.95 kN
Force on free bearings 132.95 kN

(ii) Seismic Case: Longitudinal

Seismic force in longitudinal direction due to Dead Load 1284 kN
Braking force 200 kN
Total longitudinal force, Fh 1484 kN
Force on fixed bearings 1351.05 kN
Force on free bearings 132.95 kN

Seismic Forces on Abutment :

Seismic Forces Due to backfill and approach slab are also considered.
Horizontal seismic forces:
Superstructure: 642.00 kN
Abutment: 338.72 kN
Backfill soil: 334.02 kN
This forces will act at 0.5 H 3.90 m
Vertical seismic forces:
Superstructure: 321.00 kN
Abutment: 169.36 kN
Loads and Moment Calculation
The transverce forces and moments are not calculated since it will not be critical due to high moment of inertia.
Taking moment about CG of structure

Load Coefficient Vertical Horizontal Lever Horizontal Vertical Moment

Particular
IRC:078-2000 force (kN) arm, (m) force (kN) Lever arm,(m) (kN.m)
Combination I Dry case, Non-seismic
Superstructure DL 1 4280.00 0.45 1926.00
Live load 1 1269.30 0.45 571.19
Abutment 1 2258.16 0.00 0.00
Soil mass 1 2226.79 7628.72
Tractive/Braking force 1 0.00
Longitudinal forces 1 232.95 4.80 1118.16
Total 7807.46 2459.74 11244.07

Page 3 of 8 Abt_stem Gagan Bridge_Design Draft(P)

 Combination II Dry case, Seismic
Non seismic forces
Superstructure DL 1 4280.00 0.45 1926.00
Live load 1 1269.30 0.45 571.19
Abutment 1 2258.16 0.00 0.00
Soil mass 1 2226.79 7628.72
Longitudinal forces 1 1351.05 4.80 6485.04
Additional seismic forces
Superstructure 1 321.00 0.45 0.00 4.80 144.45
Abutment 1 169.36 0.00 338.72 3.28 1111.00
Soil mass 1 334.02 3.90 1302.68
Total 8297.82 4250.58 19169.08
Combination III Flooded case, Non-seismic
Superstructure DL 1 4280.00 0.45 1926.00
Live load 1 1269.30 0.45 571.19
Abutment 1 2258.16 0.00 0.00
Soil mass 1 2226.79 7628.72
Longitudinal forces 1 232.95 4.80 1118.16
Buyoncy 1 -490.10
Total 7317.36 2459.74 11244.07
Combination IV Flooded case, Seismic
Non seismic forces
Superstructure DL 1 4280.00 0.45 1926.00
Live load 1 1269.30 0.45 571.19
Abutment 1 2258.16 0.00 0.00
Soil mass 1 2226.79 7628.72
Longitudinal forces 1 1351.05 4.80 6485.04
Buyoncy 1 -490.10
Additional seismic forces
Superstructure 1 321.00 0.45 0.00 4.80 144.45
Abutment 1 169.36 0.00 338.72 3.28 1111.00
Soil mass 1 334.02 3.90 1302.68
Total 7807.72 4250.58 19169.08
Maximum Loads 8297.82 4250.58 19169.08

Based on above comparision the abutment will be designed for the critical values of non-seismic case and
checked for seismic case.
1.2 Design of abutment stem Section
Abutment stem will be designed as compression member with uniaxial moment
Thickness of abutment stem at base D= 1500 mm
Length of the abutment L= 11000 mm
Gross cross sectional area of the stem Ag = 16500000 mm²
Percentage of longitudinal tensile reinforcement pst= 0.24 %
Percentage of longitudinal compressive reinforcement psc= 0.11 %
Percentage of steel to be provided as per IRC:21-2000, 306.2.2 0.3 %
Total percentage of longitudinal reinforcement = 0.35 % OK
Total area of reinforcement Asc = 57750 mm²
Net area of concrete Ac = 16442250 mm²
Clear cover d'= 40 mm
Effective cover (d'')= 69 mm
Hence the effective depth d_eff = 1431 mm

Page 4 of 8 Abt_stem Gagan Bridge_Design Draft(P)

 4
Moment of inertia I= 2.686.E+12 mm
Section modulus Z= 3.754.E+09 mm³
Radius of gyration SQRT(I/Z*L) k= 413 mm
Height of the abutment (upto abutment cap) 4300 mm
Effective length (height) factor (IRC:21-2000, 306.1.2, Table 13) = 1.75
Effective height of the abutment 7525 mm
Ratio of Effective length : Radius of gyration = 18.22
Hence it is treated as a Short Column
The direct comp. stress, Non Seismic Case Seismic Case
Scc_cal = P/(Ac+1.5*m*Asc) N/mm² P= 7807.46 kN 8297.82
The comp. stress in bending
Scbc_cal = M/Z N/mm² M= 11244.07 kNm 19169.08
Interaction Condition to be satisfied:
[Scc_cal/Scc] + [Scbc_cal/Scbc] =<1
Comp. Seismic [Scc_cal/Scc] + [Scbc_cal/Scbc]
Non-Seismic Case Condition
Stress Case Non Seismic Seismic Case
Scc_cal = 0.45 0.48 0.540 <1 Satisfied
Scbc_cal = 3.00 5.11 0.575 <1 Satisfied
Reinforcement calculation

Reinforcement Area (mm )

2
Bar dia (mm) Req. Nos Spacing (mm) c/c Provided Nos

Tensile reinforcement 39600 25 81 130 AS1 85

Compressive reinforcement 18150 20 58 190 AS2 59
Total area of provided tensile reinforcement = Ast = 41724 mm²
Total area of provided compressive reinforcement = Asc = 18535 mm²
Total provided area of longitudinal steel = 60260 mm²
0.365 % OK

Check For Shear Non-seismic case Seismic case

Critical shear force at the base 2459740 N 4250580
Effective area of the section 15741000 mm² 15741000
Shear Stress 0.156 N/mm² 0.270
Permissible Shear Stress 0.269 N/mm² 0.404
[IRC:21-2000, Table 12B] OK
Provide minimum shear reinforcement (Fe 415) (Seismic) (Non Seismic)
Shear resisted by the longitudinal steel and concrete section = tc * B * d_eff = - -
Shear force to be resisted by shear reinforcement - -
Providing 12 mm dia bars, 10 legged bars, Area = 1130.97 mm² AS4
Spacing of bars required, Sst * Asv *d_eff / Vus = - -
Provided spacing of shear bars 500 mm

Check For Cracked or Uncracked Section [ IRC: 021-2000, Cl 306.5.4]

For uncracked section (Scbc_cal - Scc_cal) < 0.25*(Scc_cal + Scbc_cal)
Case (Scbc_cal - Scc_cal) 0.25*(Scc_cal + Scbc_cal) Section
Non seismic condition: 2.55 0.86 Cracked
Seismic condition: 4.63 1.40 Cracked
As the section is cracked, reinforcement and section should be checked for cracked condition
Critical neutral axis x 608.12 mm
The resultant stress in concrete, Scb 2.76 N/mm²
Stress in tension reinforcement:

Ss = m*Scb*(D-d'-x)/x = 37.35 N/mm² < 240 OK

Stress in compression reinforcement:

Ssc = 1.5m*Scb*(x-d')/x = 36.70 N/mm² < 205 OK

Page 5 of 8 Abt_stem Gagan Bridge_Design Draft(P)

 Curtailment of Bar
Assume the amount of longitudinal reinforcement to be curtailed 0 %
No curtailment
Distribution Bar calculation
Provide 0.15 % cross sectional area
Hence, area of distribution bars = 8707.50 mm²
Provide 16 mm bars as distribution bars. Unit area = 201.062 mm²
Total number of distribution bars required on each face of the stem = 22 nos
Spacing required @ 200 mm c/c
Provided 16 mm dia bars @ 150 c/c spacing, 29 nos. of bars on each face of stem AS3

Summary of reinforcement of abutment stem Section

AS5 AS5
Ø 16 @ 250 c/c Ø 16 @ 250 c/c
AS1 AS1
Ø 25 @ 130 c/c AS3 Ø 25 @ 130 c/c AS3
Ø 16 @ 150 c/c Ø 16 @ 150 c/c
AS2 AS4
Ø 20 @ 190 c/c AS2
Ø 20 @ 190 c/c
AS4 Above X-X Below X-X
Ø 12-10 legged @ 500 c/c AS1 ` AS2
Ø 25 @ 130 c/c Ø 20 @ 190 c/c

AS3 X No Curtailment of Bars

X
Ø 16 @ 150 c/c AS2
M 20 Ø 20 @ 190 c/c
AS1 AS4
Ø 25 @ 130 c/c Ø 12-10 legged @ 500 c/c

1.3 Design of Abutment Cap and Pedestal

Calculation of vertical load
Superstructure DL 4280.0 KN
Live load including impact 1269.3 KN
Total load 5549.3 KN
Total load per girder 2774.65 KN
Nos. of longitidunal girder 2
Depth of abutment cap 1000 mm
Check For Punching Stress:
Bearing size provided L= 700 mm
B= 700 mm
Allowable punching stress = tau_p = ks(0.16*sqrt(fck))
where ks is minimum of 1 and 0.5 + bc bc= B/L= 1
So, ks = 1
Allowable punching stress, tau_p = 0.800 N/mm²
Total punching stress developed tau_developed = V/Po*D
where Po is perimeter of affected area = 2 (2D+L+B)
Po = 6800 mm
So, punching stress developed tau_developed = 0.41 N/mm²
< 0.80 N/mm² Ok

Page 6 of 8 Abt_stem Gagan Bridge_Design Draft(P)

 As depth is safe for punching no additional reinforcement is required. Providing nominal reinforcement.
Reinforcement Bar dia (mm) Nos Spacing (mm) c/c provided
Reinforcement along length of cap 16 38 150 AC1
Stirrups around the cap 16 74 150 AC2
And provide 2 layers of 10mm bars mesh of Length : 850 mm AC3
Breadth : 850 mm

Design of pedestal
Length L= 1000 mm
Breadth B= 1000 mm
Height (assumed, to be confirmed after bearing ht. confirmation) H= 300 mm
Percentage of longitudinal tensile reinforcement Asc= 0.5%
Asc 5000 mm²
Permissible axial load, P= 7243.75 kN OK
Let's provide 24 nos. 16 mm dia bars- Area of each bars =201.06mm² ACP1
Let's provide 3 nos. 12 mm dia bars as lateral ties ACP2

Summary of reinforcement of abutment Cap and pedestal

0.50
to be confirmed after M 25
bearing height
Ø 12 - 3 Nos. ACP2 h
confirmation from
maunufacture.

Ø 16 - 12 Nos. ACP1 Ø 16 @ 150 mmc/c AC2

Ø 16 @ 150 mmc/c AC1

Ø 12 @ 150 mm c/c bothways AC4+AC5 @ 300 mm c/c Ø10 mm 2 layers of bar mesh AC3
Ø 12 - 10 Legged AC6 ( vert. shear bars) @ 300 mm c/c (below jacking point &
below bearing )
1.4 Design of Back Wall/DirtWall
Total horizontal force due to earth pressure including live load surcharge is given by
2 2
0.5.gs.(height of ballast wall+1.2(eq live load surcharge)) .tan (45°-f/2)*L= 493.13 KN
which acts at a distance 0.42H from backwall base of 1.76 m
Total seismic earth pressure including live load surcharge is given by
(0.5* g Ka_dyn*H² *L) =
Horizontal component of this force = 73.97 kN
This force acts at 0.5*H, hence lever arm = 2.1 m
Self weight of backwall 316.8 kN
This act at a distance from backwall toe 0 m
Moment due to earth pressure about abutment cap top 867.91 kN.m
Moment due to seismic forces 155.34 kN.m
Moment due self weight 0 kN.m
Total Moment about backwall toe 1023.25 kNm
Effective depth required 307.78 mm
Total Shear force at the base 567.10 kN
Provide total thickness of ballast wall (providing 40 mm clear cover) 400 mm
Provide 16 mm dia as main bar & 12 mm dia bar as distribution bar respectively
So, available effective depth = 352.00 mm OK
Critical neutral axis, xc = Scbc*deff/((Sst/m)+Scbc) 76.55 mm
Lever arm , Z = deff-xc/3 326.48 mm

Page 7 of 8 Abt_stem Gagan Bridge_Design Draft(P)

 Required area of tensile steel (M/Z*Sst) = 13059.12 mm²

Provided Reinforcement
Reinforcement Dia of Bar Spacing (mm) c/c provided Nos
Main Bar (Back Face) 16 130 86 AB1
Dist. Bar (at each face) 12 200 19 AB3
Compression Bar (Front Face) 16 130 86 AB2
Percentage of longitudinal bars provided 0.45 %
Permissbile shear stress 0.28 N/mm²
Shear stress developed 0.15 N/mm2 < tc OK

Summary of reinforcement of Back Wall

250 400 90 mm for fixed bearing (PoT)
50 for free bearing (PoT)
300
Ø 16 @ 130 mmc/c AB1
Ø 20 AB7 550
Ø 16 @200mm AB4
250 Ø 12 @ 200 mmc/c AB3
Ø 10 @200mm c/c ( 2 layers) AB5
M 25 Ø 16 @ 130 mmc/c AB2

250 Ø 10@200mm c/c ( 1 layer) AB6

Ø 16 AB8

Page 8 of 8 Abt_stem Gagan Bridge_Design Draft(P)