Irakli Dvalidze

avtoris stili daculia
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universiteti
iuridiuli fakulteti
irakli dvaliZe
`motivisa da miznis zegavlena

qmedebis kvalifikaciasa da
sisxlissamarTlebriv
pasuxismgeblobaze~
xelmZRvaneli: iuridiul mecnierebaTa

doqtori, iuridiuli fakultetis
sruli profesori
guram naWyebia
sadisertacio naSromi wardgenilia samarTlis

doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 2008
Sinaarsi
gamoyenebuli abreviatura---------------------------- 4
Sesavali----------------------------------------------------- 5-7
Tavi I nebelobiTi qcevis Taviseburebani

$ 1. adamiani rogorc Tavisufali arseba da nebis
Tavisufleba------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-19
$ 2. nebelobiTi qcevis arsi------------------------------------ 20-25
$ 3. motivacia, motivi da mizani----------------------------- 26-32
$ 4. arCevanis problema motivaciis faqtorTa
simravleSi----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33-37
Tavi II motivTa da mizanTa klasifikacia
$ 1. fsiqodinamikuri mimarTuleba pirovnebis TeoriaSi:

zigmund froidi--------------------------------------------------------------------- 38-40
$ 2. motivTa klasifikacia TvisebaTa TeoriaSi
a) TvisebaTa intuiciur_xasiaTuri moZRvreba:
filip lerSi-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41-42
b) motivTa klasifikacia instinqtTa safuZvelze:
uiliam mak-daugoli--------------------------------------------------- 42-44
g) motivTa klasifikacia pirovnebisa da garemos
urTierTobaTa safuZvelze: henri a. miurei------------------------ 45-46
d) motivTa klasifikaciis ierarqiuli modeli:
abraham maslou---------------------------------------------------------------------- 47-49
$ 3. motivTa klasifikacia rusul da qarTul
sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSi--------------------------------- 49-56
$ 4. motivTa da mizanTa klasifikaciis kritika da
sakiTxis gadaWra-------------------------------------------------------------------- 57-63
Tavi III motivisa da miznis

sisxlissamarTlebrivi funqciebi
$ 1. danaSaulis motivi da mizani Zvel qarTul

sisxlis samarTalSi--------------------------------------------------------- 64-67
$ 2. umarTlobis subieqturi elementebi------------------ 68-77
$ 3. braleuli qmedebis motivirebulobis problema-------
----------- 78-86
$ 4. danaSaulis stadiebis gammijnavi subieqturi
kriteriumebi-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 86-91
$ 5. motivisa da miznis roli danaSaulis
amsruleblobisas da danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobisas
a) Tanamonawileobis subieqturi mxare----------------- 91-105
b) motivisa da miznis roli Tanaamsruleblobisas--------
--------- 105-108
2
g) agent-provokatoris figura sisxlis samarTalSi-------
--------- 108-124
d) amsruleblisa da Tanamonawilis pasuxismgeblobis
Taviseburebani motivisa da miznis mixedviT------------------- 125-131
$ 6. sasjelis individualizacia motivisa da miznis
mixedviT------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 131-141
daskvna---------------------------------------------------- 141-143
literatura------------------------------------------------------------ 144-150
3
gamoyenebuli abreviatura:
1. ssk _ sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi;

2. sssk _ sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi;
3. e.w. _ egreT wodebuli;
4. e.i. _ ese igi;
5. ix. _ ixileT;
6. Sead. _ SeadareT;
7. dasax. naSr. _ dasaxelebuli naSromi;
8. gv. _ gverdi;
9. sxv. _ sxva;
10. a.S. _ ase Semdeg;
11. gamom. _ gamomcemloba;
12. Tb. _ Tbilisi;
13. Tsu _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti;
14. Тб. _ Тбилиси;
15. Изд. _ Издательство;
16. ЛГУ _ Ленинградский государственный университет;
17. Л. _ Ленинград;
18. КГУ _ Казанский государственный университет;
19. С-Пет. _ Санкт-Петербург;
20. Гос. _ Государство;
21. М. _ Москва;
22. С. _ Страница;
23. S. _ Seite.
4
Sesavali
kvlevis aqtualoba. fsiqologiur da iuridiul

literaturaSi motivisa da miznis problema erT-erTi
centraluri Tu ara, erT-erTi aqtualuri da saTanadod
daumuSavebeli sakiTxia. samarTlebrivi azrovnebis sferoSi
kacobriobis udides miRwevad iTvleba braleuli
pasuximgeblobis principis damkvidreba sisxlis samarTalSi.
braleul pasuxismgeblobis srulyofili analizi yovlad
SeuZlebelia nebelobiTi qcevis analizis gareSe, romelic,
Tavis mxriv, moiTxovs motivaciis, motivisa da miznis arsis
racionalur da dasabuTebul gaazrebas.
motivisa da miznis araswori gageba mecnierebs dRemde
mcdarad afiqrebinebs, rom mecnierebis TiToeulma dargma
unda SeimuSaos misi Seswavlis sagnidan gamomdinare motivisa
da miznis specifikuri cneba, rac mecnierebaSi sxva araferia
Tu ara dualizmi.
cnobilia, rom fsiqologiurad erT qcevas erTi motivi
udevs safuZvlad. motivi motivaciis is saboloo
Semajamebeli fsiqologiuri aqtia, romelic praqtikul
moqmedebas iwvevs. swored amitomaa, rom safuZvelSive mcdaria
saubari e.w. `motivTa brZolis~ Sesaxeb, radgan realurad
adgili aqvs motivaciis faqtorTa brZolas.
sisxlissamarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, kvlevis
aqtualoba sakmaod didia aramarto Teoriuli, aramed
praqtikuli Rirebulebis kuTxiTac. sisxlissamarTlebriv
literaturaSi dRemde araa erTiani azri motivisa da miznis
funqciebis Sesaxeb. aq gansakuTrebiT unda gamoiyos Semdegi
problemebi: rogori bunebisaa motivi da mizani da ra rols
asruleben isini umarTlobis dafuZnebaSi; ra gavlenas
axdenen isini umarTlobis an bralis xarisxze; aseve did
yuradRebas iqcevs motivisa da miznis mniSvneloba
danaSaulis stadiebis gansazRvrisas da amsruleblobisa da
Tanamonawileobis subieqturi mxaris swori dasabuTebisas;
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobda da, SeiZleba iTqvas,
dResac araa safuZvlianad Seswavlili motivisa da miznis
funqcia sasjelis daniSvnisas.
miuxedavad naSromTa simravlisa calkeuli sakiTxebis
Sesaxeb, warmodgenil disertaciaSi kopleqsurad ZiriTadi,
principuli debulebebi gadmocemuli. Temis
mravalaspeqtianobis gamo calkeuli problemebis Sesaxeb
zedmiwevniT detaluri ganxilva erTi disertaciis farglebSi
SeuZlebelia. Tumca, warmodgenili problemebis Tavmoyrili
analizi garkveulwilad gauadvilebs am sakiTxiT
dainteresebul pirebs ufro orientirebulad da detalurad
warmarTon mecnieruli saqmianoba am kuTxiT.
disertaciis mecniereul siaxleze saubrisas xazi
unda gaesvas Semdegs:
5
_ disertacia pirveli cdaa axleburad iqnes
gaazrebuli motivisa da miznis arsi da, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas,
erToblivad warmoCindes maTi sisxlissmarTlebrivi
funqciebi. es ki aadvilebs ufro mkafiod iqnes gagebuli
motivisa da miznis udidesi daniSnuleba qmedebis danaSaulad
kvalifikaciis sakiTxSi.
_ naSromSi agreTve mocemulia motivisa da miznis
axleburi klasifikacia.
_ qarTul iuridiul literaturaSi naklebadaa
damuSavebuli umarTlobis subieqturi elementebis problema.
am mxriv, udavoa, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces
motivsa da mizans. kerZod, naSromSi mocemulia mcdeloba
dasabuTdes Tu rodis da ratomaa motivi da mizani
personaluri an obieqturi xasiaTis da ra gavlenas axdenen
isini umarTlobisa Tu bralis xarisxze. es ki, Tavis mxriv,
saSualebas iZleva amsruleblobisas da Tanamonawileobisas
sworad ganvsazRvroT damnaSaveTa pasuxismgeblobis simZime.
_ disertaciaSi Rrmadaa gaanalizebuli e.w. agent-
provokatoris niSan-Tvisebebi. es sakiTxi ki qarTul
iuridiul literaturaSi saTanado doneze damuSavebuli araa.
_ axleburadaa gaazrebuli arapirdapiri ganzraxviTa
da gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenili danaSaulis motivirebis
problema, romelic mecnierTa Soris erT-erTi ganuwyveteli
davis sagania.
_ da bolos, axleburadaa warmoCenili motivisa da
miznis roli sasjelis daniSvnisas im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac
isini TavisTavad sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawilis
Sesabamisi muxliT an muxlis nawiliT damamZimebel an
Semamsubuqebel garemoebad araa gaTvaliswinebuli. am mxriv,
gansakuTrebiT xazgasasmelia is, rom motivisa da miznis
gaTvaliswinebas didi mniSvneloba aqvs gaufrTxileblobiT
Cadenili danaSaulisTvis sasjelis daniSvnis drosac.
disertaciaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi am sakiTxiT
dainteresebul Teoretikos da praqtikos muSakebs, upirveles
yovlisa, xels Seuwyobs qcevis motivisa da miznis aspeqtiT
marTebulad gaiazron braleuli da samarTliani
pasuxismgeblobis principebis arsi.
warmodgenili naSromi nawilobriv Seavsebs qarTul
iuridiul literaturas umarTlobis subieqturi elementebis
sakiTxSi. garkveulwilad amomwuravadaa Camoyalibebuli
motivisa da miznis funqciebi sisxlis samarTalSi, romelsac
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs qmedebis marTlsawinaaRmdegod
an marTlzomierad, ganzrax Tu gaufrTxileblobiT
danaSaulad miCnevisTvis, danaSulis stadiebis,
amsruleblobisa da Tanamonawileobisas pasuxismgeblobis
farglebis sworad gansazRvrisaTvis, pasuxismgeblobis
damZimebis an SemsubuqebisaTvis, romelic erTob seriozuli
sakiTxia rogorc Teoriuli, ise praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT.
6
kvlevis mizani. winamdebare sadisertaciao kvlevis
mizania iuridiul, fsiqologiur, filosofiur da
sociologiur literaturaze dayrdnobiT aixsnas nebelobiTi
qcevis fsiqologiuri arsi, motivaciis, motivisa da miznis
buneba. amasTan, am naSromis mizans warmoadgens warmoaCinos
motivisa da miznis Tavisebureba da funqciebi sisxlis
samrTalSi. ufro konkretulad kvlevis mizania gairkves:
_ ra niSnebiT gamoirCeva Tavisufleba da ratomaa
aucilebeli adamianis Tavisuflebis dadgena
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisaTvis;
_ ratomaa rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba
mxolod nebelobiT qcevas ukavSirdeba;
_ motivaciis, motivisa da miznis arsis gansazRvra;
_ motivisa da miznis klasifikaciis kriteriumebi da
mniSvneloba;
_ gansakuTrebiT didi yuradRebaa gamaxvilebuli
motivisa da miznis sisxlissamarTlebrivi Ffunqciebis
analizze.
kvlevis meTodologiuri safuZveli. dasmuli
problemis kvlevisas gamoyenebulia istoriuli, formalur-
logikuri, dogmaturi, SedarebiT-samarTlebrivi da sxva
meTodebi.
disertaciis struqtura da moculoba. naSromi Sedgeba
Sesavlis, 3 Tavis, 14 paragrafis, daskvnisa da gamoyenebuli
literaturis nusxisagan. naSromis moculoba sul Seadgens
150 gverds.
7
Tavi I
nebelobiTi qcevis Taviseburebani
$ 1. adamiani rogorc Tavisufali arseba da

nebis Tavisufleba
adamianis pasuxismgeblobis racionaluri dasabuTebis

sakiTxSi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba da problematuroba ara marto
adamianis, rogorc rTuli biofsiqologiuri da socialuri
arsebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli TaviseburebebiT aixsneba,
aramed TviT pasuxismgeblobis arsis mravalwaxnagianoba
aiZulebs mkvlevars igi ganixilos sxvadasxva TvalsazrisiT,
rac zogjer ekleqtizmiT mTavrdeba.
moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT
marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebisaTvis pasuxismgebloba bralis
gareSe dauSvebelia. bralis cneba, bralis normativistuli
Teoriis mixedviT, personalur gasakicxaobas gulisxmobs.
bralis aseTi ganmarteba, ramdenad dasabuTebulia es calke
kvlevis sagania. bralis problemas calke monografiuli
naSromi miuZRvna g. naWyebiam. igi bralis arss
pasuxismgeblobis arsTan kavSirSi ganixilavs da daaskvnis,
rom `brali SeiZleba ganisazRvros rogorc movaleobisadmi
subieqtis upasuxismgeblo damokidebuleba, romelic
1
antisazogadoebrivi qmedebis CadeniT vlindeba.~ aqve isic
unda aRiniSnos, rom brali ucilobliv gulisxmobs
`gasakicxaobis~ moments. marTlac, `gasakicxaoba bralis
imanenturi Tvisebaa, radgan igi uaryofiTobis niSniT
imTaviTvea aRniSnli da, maSasadame, gasakicxaoba garedan
Setanas sruliadac ar saWiroebs.~ 2 ismis kiTxva: rodis
SeiZleba adamians bralad Seeracxos umarTloba? erTi
SexedviT martivi SekiTxvisTvis pasuxis gasacemad unda
gadaiWras ramodenime sakiTxi, radgan bralis dadgena
sasjelis daniSvnis SesaZleblobis wanamZRvaria. am sakiTxebs
miekuTvneba: vis aqvs bralis dadgenis ufleba; ra mizani aqvs
bralis dadgenas; bralis dadgenisas obieqtur wanamZRvrebTan
erTad ra subieqtur winapirobebs unda mieqces yuradReba.
swored es ukanaskneli sakiTxia Cveni ganxilvis sagani,
rameTu danaSaulebrivi qmedebis daxasiaTeba, danaSaulis
fsiqologiuri mxaris axsna, sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTeba SeuZlebelia Tavisuflebis
ganxilvis gareSe. rogorc marTebulad aRniSnavs g.
1
naWyebia g. brali, rogorc socialuri filosofiis kategoria. Tb., 2001,
gv. 260.
2
iqve, gv. 264.
8
tyeSeliaZe: `sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
gansazRvrisas mxedvilobaSi miiReba moqmedebis Tavisufleba.~ 3
nebisyofis Tavisufleba filosofiur-fsiqologiuri
problemaa imdenad, ramdenadac filosofiis interesis erT-
erTi sagans adamianis arsi warmoadgens. misi Seswavla ki
Tavisuflebisagan mowyvetiT SeuZlebelia, radgan
Tavisufleba mxolod adamians axasiaTebs; imisaTvis, rom
adamiani Tavisufali iyos erT-erTi aucilebeli pirobaa is,
rom mas nebelobiTi qcevis unari unda gaaCndes, romlis
specifikur bunebas fsiqologia ikvlevs. am sakiTxis irgvliv
mravali naSromi Seqmnes aramarto filosofosebma da
fsiqologebma, aramed iuristebmac. Tumca, naSromSi
Segnebulad araa gadmocemuli sakiTxis farTo moculobis
istoriuli eqskursi da mxolod ZiriTadi momentebia
warmoCenili.
Tavisufleba uZvelesi filosofiuri problemaa.
Tavisuflebis gamarTlebis, dafuZnebis Sesaxeb antikuri
epoqidan dRemde kacobriobis azrovnebaSi ori
urTierTgamomricxvel Teorias Soris mimdinareobs dava.
zogadad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom fatalizmisaTvis
amosavalia gardauvalobis aRiareba. yvelaferi, rac
samyaroSi xdeba, gardauvalia, calsaxad gansazRvrulia. ar
arsebobs SemTxveviToba, amitom samyaroSi araferi ar xdeba
winaswari gansazRvrulobis, determinciis gareSe. fatalizmi
auryofs Tavisuflebis SesaZleblobas.
rac Seexeba voluntarizms, igi axdens SemTxveviTobis
absolutizacias. samyaroSi ar arsebobs determinacia,
winaswar gansazRvruloba. adamiani ar eqvemdebareba
determinacias, radgan ar arsebobs gardauvaloba. amitom neba
warmarTavs sazogadoebis ganviTarebas. amgvarad,
voluntarizmi amarTlebs ara Tavisuflebas, aramed
TviTnebobas. 4
`fatalizmi da voluntarizmi sxvadasxva gziT da
meTodiT uaryofs Tavisuflebas. pirveli miiCnevs, rom
mxolod gardauvalobaa da amitom Tavisufleba
gamoricxulia. meore miiCnevs, rom samyaroSi mxolod
SemTxveviTobaa da amitom TviTnebobaa gamefebuli. miuxedavad
amosavali principebis dapirispirebisa, isini erTsa da imave
Sedegebamde midian.~ 5
cnobilia, rom nebelobiTi qcevis ganxorcieleba,
rogorc wesi, mxolod adamianis Tavisuflebis farglebSia
SesaZlebeli. amitom, marTalia, nebis Tavisufleba
filosofiuri problemaa, magram igi amasTanave socialuri
3
tyeSeliaZe g. leninuri moZRvreba aucileblobisa da Tavisuflebis
Sesaxeb da sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTeba.
`marqsistul-leninuri ekonomikuri da samarTlis Teoriis sakiTxebi,~ Tb.,
1970, gv. 184.
4
ix. erqomaiSvili v. adamiani, Tavisufleba, ideologia. Tb., 2002, gv. 215-219.
5
iqve, gv. 219.
9
problemacaa, radgan sazogadoeba da misi ganviTareba
warmoudgenelia pirovnebaTa pasuxismgeblobis gareSe.
Tavisuflebisa da aucileblobis, adamianis qcevis
mizezobrivi ganpirobebulobisa da pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb
konkurencias deterministuli da indeterministuli
Sexedulebebi uweven.
nebis Tavisuflebis indeterministulma gagebam Tavis
apogeas germanul idealistur filosofiaSi miaRwia XVIII
saukunis bolosa da XIX saukunis dasawyisSi _ kantisa da
hegelis naSromebSi.
kantis mixedviT, adamiani Tavis praqtikul saqmianobaSi
araa damokidebuli gare samyaroze: igi emorCileba
praqtikuli gonebis brZanebas, e.w. kategoriul imperativs.
amitom nebis Tavisufleba aris praqtikuli gonebisa da misi
brZanebebisadmi morCileba. adamianis yvela praqtikuli
moqmedeba rogorc keTili, ise mankieri, aris misi Sinagani
nebis, gansjis apriorul formaTa Sedegi. nebis Tavisufleba
arafriT araa determinirebuli. magram rogorc pirvelma
mizezma man SeiZleba ganapirobos garkveuli Sedegebis
dadgoma. maSasadame, motivi ki ar ganapirobebs nebas, aramed
neba ganapirobebs motivs, romelic Tavisuflad irCevs. 6
kantis azriT, nebismieri adamiani grZnobs raRac
iZulebas, valdebulebas, rom gaakeTos is, rac ewinaaRmdegeba
misi piradi bednierebisaken miswrafebas. adamiani Tavisufali
mxolod maSinaa, rodesac am valdebulebis mixedviT
moqmedebs. roca adamiani survilebsa da midrekilebebs
emorCileba, is ar SeiZleba Tavisufali iyos. 7
kantisTvis adamianis nebisyofis Tavisufleba rogorc
zneobrivi, ise samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis zogad
safuZvels Seadgens. Tavisufleba adamianis Sinagani arsis
gamovlenas Seadgens da sasjelis is wanamZRvaria,
uromlisodac ixsneba sisxlissamarTlebrivi Seracxvis
yovelgvari SesaZlebloba. 8
cnobilia, rom kantis filisofiuri sistema
dualisturi iyo. igi, erTi mxriv, aRiarebs Semecnebisagan
damoukideblad arsebul TavisTavad nivTs, romelic
Seumecnebadia, meore mxriv, amtkicebs, rom Semecnebis sferoSi
Semecneba TviT agebs Tavis sagans. TviT Semecnebac, or,
erTmaneTisagan damoukidebel, magram SemecnebisaTvis
erTnairad aucilebel wyaros emyareba _ sagnis mocemisa da
sagnis gaazrebis unarebs (grZnobadobas da azrovnebas). kanti
materiasa da cnobierebas, yofierebas da gansjas ganixilavda
6
ix. Волков Б.С. Проблема воли и уголовная ответственность. Изд. Казанского
университета, 1965, с. 107.
7
ix. narkvevebi filosofiis istoriaSi. iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tsu
filosofiis istoriis kaTedra, r. gordeziani, g. TevzaZe m. nemsaZe, m.
WeliZe, Tb., 1993, gv. 284.
8
ix. vaCeiSvili al. sasjeli da socialuri dacvis RonisZiebani. Tsu
gamomcemloba, Tb., 1960, gv. 39.
10
rogorc damoukidebel substanciebs, paralelebs. igi mivida
daskvnamde, rom SeuTavsebelia aucilebloba da Tavisufleba,
adamianis qcevis mizezobrivi ganpirobebuloba da neba.
swored amis gamo iyo, rom kantma xelovnurad gaxliCa
adamianis moqmedeba, romelSic neba da misi garegani
gamovlineba ganixileba rogorc erTmaneTisagan
damoukidebeli sawyisebi. am koncefciiT ki, Cemi azriT,
SeuZlebelia sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
dasabuTeba, radgan igi ukavSirdeba ara kauzalur movlenas,
aramed garegan moqmedebas, romelic nebelobiTad warimarTeba.
kantis dualisturi Sexeduleba daZlia hegelma
dialeqtikuri meTodis gamoyenebiT. igi amtkicebda, rom
Tavisufleba da aucilebloba erTiania. Tavisufleba niSnavs
aucileblobis gacnobierebas. adamiani Tavisufali xdeba
maSin, rodesac igi Seicnobs aucileblobis kanonebs da amis
Semdeg mis Sesabamisad moqmedebs. aucilebloba hegels esmoda
dialeqtikurad. samyaro aris ideaTa, absoluturi gonis
ganfeniloba. aucileblobis kanonebi aris absoluturi gonis
kanonebi. 9
hegelTan nebis Tavisufleba atarebs abstraqtul,
metafizikur xasiaTs. igi araviTar arsebiT mniSvnelobas ar
aniWebs pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvrisas motivebs, miznebs da
samarTaldamrRvevis pirovnebisTvis damaxasiaTebel sxva
garemoebebs, radgan zedapirulia is mosazreba, romlis
Tanaxmadac, danaSaulis Sefasebisas arsebiTia moraluri
Tvalsazrisi, danaSaulis subieqturi mxare, romlebic
Sereulia trivialur fsiqikur warmodgenebTan, gonebasTan
SedarebiT didi mimzidvelobisa da grZnobiTi swrafvis,
fsiqikuri zewolis Sesaxeb. 10
b. volkovi nebis Tavisuflebis problemas
dialeqtikuri materializmis safuZvelze wyvets. misi azriT,
fizikuri da fsiqikuri erTiania, romelSic ganmsazRvreli
mniSneloba gaaCnia materialurs, fizikurs. SegrZneba aris
obieqturi samyaros subieqturi asaxva. adamianis qceva, misi
neba, motivebi da miznebi mizezobrivad ganpirobebulia.
adamianis qcevis determinirebuloba ar unda gavigoT
meqanikurad rogorc qcevis kavSiri garemosTan. garegani
garemoebebi zemoqmedeben piris qcevaze ara uSualod, aramed
gaSualebulad, cnobierebis gavliT, Sinagani pirobebis
gavliT. 11
am mxriv, sayuradReboa g. naWyebias mosazreba: _
`sisxlis samarTali mTlianad deterministuli bunebisaa.
magram es ar ewinaaRmdegeba debulebas, rom sisxlis
samarTali ar daiyvaneba kauzalur procesTa Seswavlamde,
radgan determinizmic ar daiyvaneba mizezobriobamde. miT
9
ix. Волков Б.С. dasax. naSr., gv. 109.
10
ix. iqve, gv. 112.
11
ix. iqve, gv. 121-129.
11
umetes, socialur sferoSi saqme Seexeba adamianTa qcevebs,
romelTac ara marto mizezobrivi axsna sWirdebaT, aramed
Sinagani sazrisis gagebac, rac mizezSi arcaa SesaZlebeli;
igi motivisa da miznis sazrisiT gaigeba (xazgasma Cemia. _
i.d.).~ 12
nebis Tavisuflebis problema kriminalistTa Soris
gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri gaxda sisxlis samarTlis
klasikuri skolis Camoyalibebis Semdeg. sisxlis samarTlis
klasikuri skolis warmomadgenelTa umetesoba nebelobis
Tavisuflebas aRiareben da miuTiTeben, rom mxolod
indeterminizmis farglebSi SeiZleba sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTeba da sasjelis daniSvna.
germaneli iuristi bari aRniSnavs, rom absoluturi
indeterminizmis aRiareba uZluria daasabuTos racionaluri
sisxlis samarTali. igi qadagebs mimarTebiT indeterminizms,
romlis mixedviTac: motivebi ganapirobeben adamianis
moqmedebas, magram adamiani mainc inarCunebs Tavisuflebis
garkveul minimums. msgavs gaugebar daskvnamde midis
bindingic: adamianis nebisyofa mizezobriobis kanons
emorCileba da amave dros Tavisufalia misgan. 13
klasikuri skolis erT-erTi warmomadgeneli belingi
icavs nebisyofis Tavisuflebas da Seracxaobis bunebaze wers:
imisaTvis, rom vinme gavkicxoT da davsajoT, aucilebelia
piri iyos Tavisi moqmedebis baton-patroni. Tuki adamianis
moqmedebas gansazRvravs sakuTari xasiaTi da motivebi iseTi
aucileblobiT, rom moqmedeba misTvis gardauvalia, maSin
SueZlebelia imis gageba, Tu rogor SeiZleba misi gakicxva am
moqmedebisaTvis. amitom namdvili determinizmis
TvalsazrisiT gaugebaria sisxlis samarTali, romelic
sasjels brals ukavSirebs. ase, rom sisxlis samarTlis ageba
mxolod àvtodeterminizmis,~ e.i. `pirobiTi anu relatiuri
indeterminizmis~ safuZvelzea SesaZlebeli, rac imas niSnavs,
rom xasiaTisa da motivebis garda adamians aqvs mesame ramec _
`winaaRmdegobis gawevis Zala,~ romelic sawinaaRmdego
motivebis SemweobiT mas unars aZlevs uZluri gaxados
mozvavebuli motivebi, moaxdinos arCevani da gamoitanos
gadawyvetileba. belingis aRniSnul koncefcias al.
vaCeiSvili marTebulad uwodebs ucnaurs, radgan
`winaaRmdegobis gawevis” unari warmoiSoba rogorc
mizezobrivad ganpirobebuli. 14
neoklasikosi zaueri aRiarebs nebisyofis
Tavisuflebas, romlis gareSec mas warmoudgenlad eCveneba
sisxlissmarTlebrivi pasuxismgelobis daweseba. ramdenadac
12
naWyebia g. nebisyofis Tavisuflebis problema sisxlis samarTalSi.
sadisertaciao naSromi iuridiul mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxis
mosapoveblad, Tb., 1975, gv. 71-72.
13
ix. vaCeiSvili al. danaSaulis subieqturi mxare sabWoTa sisxlis
samarTalSi. Tb., 1957, gv. 66-67.
14
ix. iqve, gv. 69.
12
mecniereba mizezobriobas emyareba, amdenad aq
damokidebulebaa sagnebs Soris da amitom mecniereba
deteminizms moiTxovs, xolo adamianis qmedebis
kategorialuri Sefaseba emyareba Telos da normas. 15
kriminalistTa is nawili (magaliTad, mirJiCka,
sergeevski, tagancevi), romelic nebisyofis Tavisuflebas
motivaciis safuZvelze ganixilavs, deterministul
poziciebze dgas, radgan sakmao mizezis kanoni, adamianis
fsiqikuri cxovrebis mimarT gamoyenebis SeTxvevaSi,
motivaciis saxiT gvevlineba. 16
kantisagan gansxvavebiT, anselm foierbaxi uaryofs
nebisyofis Tavisuflebas samarTlebriv sferoSi; am sferoSi
igi mkacri da Tanmimdevruli deterministia da Tavis
fsiqologiuri iZulebis Teorias agebs Tanmimdevruli
determinizmis sawyisebze; igi ambobs, rom samarTali ar
saWiroebs Tavisuflebis daSvebas; Tavisuflebis azrsa da
mniSvnelobas igi gansakuTrebiT zneobis CarCoebiT zRudavs. 17
cnobilia, rom sociologiuri skolis farglebSi
Camoyalibda e.w. `faqtorTa Teoria,~ romlis mixedviTac
danaSaulobis mizezebi mocemul sazogadoebaSi warmoSobil
urTierTobebSi unda veZeboT. am moZRvrebaSi danaSaulobis
socialur faqtorTa gverdiT didi adgili ukavia damnaSavis
biologiuri xasiaTis midrekilebebs. bunebrivia,
romAsociologiuri skolis warmomadgenelma listma
nebisyofis Tavisuflebis problema sisxlis samarTlis
farglebs gareT gaitana. sisxlis samarTali kmayofildeba
imis dadgeniT, rom warmodgenebi warmarTaven, stimuls
aZleven adamianis nebisyofas. magram eWvgareSea, rom
warmodgenebis motivaciuri mniSvnelobis aRiareba ukve
TavisTavad determinizmis aRiarebaa. 18
rac Seexeba anTropologiur anu pozitiur skolas, man
sisxlis samarTalSi Semoitana damnaSavis fatalisturi
gageba, ris gamoc gamoiricxa nebisyofis Tavisufleba. am
TvalsazrisiT, cxadia, braleuloba da Seracxadoba zedmet
cnebebad iyo miCneuli. am cnebebis nacvlad feri
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebisaTvis
mimarTavs fizikuri Seracxadobis cnebas. ukanaskneli unda
gavigoT rogorc damnaSavis fizikuri kavSiri danaSaulebriv
SedegTan. 19 maSasadame, anTropologiuri skola ukiduresi
determinizmis poziciebze dgas.
15
16
ix. iqve, gv. 72-73.
17
ix. vaCeiSvili al. sasjeli da socialuri dacvis RonisZiebani. Tsu
18
19
13
g. naWyebia miuTiTebs, rom “indeterminizmi mTel rig
winaaRmdegobas awydeba sisxlis samarTalSi. mTavari ki isaa,
rom igi uZluria axsnas TviT danaSaulis buneba. `sxvanairad
moqmedebis” upirobo SesaZleblobidan gamomdinare danaSauli
adamianis borot nebisyofas miewereba, rac iwvevs an
lombrozos biologiuri determinizmis banakSi gadabargebas,
an absoluturi SemTxveviTobis daSvebas, e.i. mTeli sisxlis
samarTlis uaryofas.~ 20
filosofiur literaturaSi Tavisuflebis cnebas aqvs
ori mniSvneloba: uaryofiTi da dadebiTi. uaryofiTi azriT
Tavisufleba samyaros nebismier sagans miewereba da igi
mxolod maSinaa Tavisufali Tu misi yofierebis wesis
xelisSemSleli, Semaferxebeli garemoebebi ar arsebobs.
magaliTad, mdinare Tavisuflad miedineba, Citi Tavisufalia
da a.S. Tavisuflebis WeSmariti sazrisi gamoxatulia mis
pozitiur, dadebiT mniSvnelobaSi. swored am gagebiT
gvainteresebs Cven Tavisufleba, radgan igi iseT qcevas
gamoxatavs, romelic sruldeba avtonomiurad, e.i. garegani
pirobebisagan damoukideblad, mxolod Sinagani
aucileblobis mixedviT. aseTi qcevis ganxorcieleba mxolod
adamians SeuZlia, radgan martooden adamians aqvs nebelobiTi
qcevis unari. 21
Tavisuflebis problemis gamosakveTad aucilebelia
adamianisa da pirovnebis gamomxatveli cnebebis gamijvna.
adamianis cneba gamoxatavs im arsebiTs, zogads da
aucilebels, rac yovel adamians axasiaTebs. yovel adamians
erTi buneba, erTnairi yofierebis wesi aqvs, miuxedavad maTi
cxovrebis gansxvavebuli istoriuli epoqisa, socialuri
pirobebisa, erovnuli kuTvnilebisa da a.S. adamianis cneba
aris adamianis anTropologiur-eqsistencialuri daxasiaTeba.
anTropologiuri daxasiaTeba adamianis rogorc saxeobis
arsebiT niSnebs adgens, xolo eqsistencialuri _ adamianis
yofierebis, arsebobis wess gamoxatavs. 22
pirovneba aris TviTcnobierebis mqone adamiani,
romelic aqtiurad moqmedebs Tavisi individualobis,
sakuTari me-s gavlenisa da damkvidrebisaTvis. 23
àdamianisATavisuflebisAproblemaAeqsistencialur-
anTropologiuria, pirovneba ki istoriul-socialuri...
adamiani Tavisufali arsebaa. mas misi mopoveba ar sWirdeba.
igi mas mudam aqvs. sakiTxi exeba misi gamovlenis
SesaZleblobas. meore adamians ar axasiaTebs. igi man unda
moipivos, raTa pirovnebad iqces. es ki damokidebulia imaze,
20
mosapoveblad, Tb., 1975, gv. 8.
21
ix. erqomaiSvili v. adamiani, Tavisufleba, ideologia. Tb., 2002, gv. 129-
131.
22
ix. iqve, gv. 132.
23
ix. iqve, gv. 135.
14
Tu romel sazogadoebaSi cxovrobs igi. pirovnebis
Tavisufleba ganpirobebulia sazogadoebis socialur-
ekonumikuri da politikuri struqturiT.~ 24
Temis kvlevis sagnidan gamomdinare CvenTvis
sainteresoa adamianis da ara pirovnebis Tavisufleba.
adamians marTalia Seswevs Tavisufali moqmedebis
unari, magram garkveul situaciaSi misi moqmedeba ver
CaiTvleba Tavisuflad. es is SemTxvevebia, rodesac adamiani
iZulebiT moqmedebs. iZulebas adgili aqvs mizezobrivi
determinaciis dros. mizanSewonilobas adgili aqvs
aracocxal bunebaSi, sadac batonobs garegani iZuleba,
radgan sagnis mdgomareobas gansazRvravs mizez-Sedegobrivi
jaWvi da mizezi yovelTvis garegania Sedegis mimarT.
adamianis garda nebismieri cocxali arseba misi genuri
struqturis gamo moqmedebs instinqturad, ris gamoc mas ara
aqvs sxvagvarad moqmedebis SesaZlebloba. 25
adamians cxovelisagan gansxvavebiT axasiaTebs
mizanSewonili saqmianoba, rac codnis safuZvelze
xorcieldeba. adamianis moqmedeba mTlianad determinirebuli
ar aris garegani faqtorebiT. marTalia, igi cxovelis
msgavsad ganicdis bunebrivi garemos zemoqmedebas, magram
cxovelisagan gansxvavebiT adamiani aseve iZulebulia
angariSi gauwios socialur garemos. miuxedavad amisa,
adamianis qceva calsaxadaa determinirebuli, rameTu Sinagani
aqtiurobis meoxebiT mas SeuZlia daZlios garegani dawola
da imoqmedos Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr. magaliTad,
aleqsandre makedonelma daZlia wyurvilis moTxovnileba
udabnoSi da jaris mier mirTmeuli erTi muzaradi wyali maT
winaSe daaqcia. am saqcieliT man sakuTar meomrebs daumtkica,
rom maTTan erTad itans wyurvilsa da yvela sxva gaWirvebas.
cnobilia, rom mizezobrioba determinaciis erT-erTi, magram
ara erTaderTi saxea. Tavisufleba aramizezobrivad
determinirebulia. adamianisa da cxovelis moqmedeba
avtonomiuria, Tumca adamianisagan gansxvavebiT am
ukanasknelis moqmedeba araa Tavisufali, radgan misi
moqmedeba instiqturia, xolo aseTi moqmedeba iZulebiTia.
marTalia, adamiansac axasiaTebs instiqturi moqmedeba, magram
amgvari moqmedeba ar gansazRvravs misi moRvaweobis ZiriTad
Sinaarss (xazgasma Cemia _ i.d.). specifikur-adamianuri
saqmianoba cnobieria. adamianis moqmedebas safuZvlad udevs
motivacia. vinaidan adamianis nebelobiTi qceva
mizandasaxulia, amitom misi moqmedeba motivirebulia.
nebelobiT qcevas win uswrebs arCevani, romelic xorcieldeba
garkveuli Rirebulebisa da miznis Sesabamisad. maSasadame,
mizania is determinanti, romlis gulsTvisac xorcieldeba
arCevani. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom nebelobiTi
24
erqomaiSvili v. dasax. naSr., gv. 143.
25
ix. iqve, gv. 144-145.
15
qceva calsaxad mizez-Sedegobrivad, fatalisturad
determinirebuli ki ar aris, aramed mas miznobrivi
determinaciis xasiaTi aqvs. 26
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom yoveli Tavisufali qceva
motivirebulia, magram ara piriqiT. Tuki moqmedeba
xorcieldeba fsiqikuri iZulebiT, maSin moqmedeba
motivirebulia, magram araa Tavisufali. motivirebuli qceva
mxolod maSinaa Tavisufali Tu igi xorcieldeba yovelgvari
iZulebis gareSe.
Tavisuflebas gaaCnia Tavisi struqtura, romelic
Semdegi elementebisagan aigeba:
a) alternativebis gacnobiereba. moqmedebis
praqtikulad ganxorvilebamde adamiani acnobierebs obieqtur
viTarebas da SesaZlo Sedegebs. 27
b) arCevani. aucilebloba, romelic adamianma
gaacnobiera, unda iqces Sinagan aucileblobad. amisaTvis ar
kmara codna. amas sWirdeba arCevani. 28
arCevani yovelTvis ar gamoxatavs Tavisuflebas. Tuki
arCevani impulsuri an iZulebiTi saxisaa, maSin aseTi
moqmedeba Tavisuflebas ver gamoxatavs. Tavisuflebis
aucilebeli momentia iZulebis moxsna.
rac ganasxvavebs adamianis qcevas sxva movlenebisagan
isaa, rom igi atarebs mizanmimarTul, SerCeviT xasiaTs.
adamiani Cveulebriv cdilobs SearCios iseTi qceva, romelic
Seesabameba mis ganzraxvebs da miswrafebebs, rasac
mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia misi pirovnebis struqturaSi. 29
adamianis nebelobiTi qceva yovelTvis Tavisufali da
arCeviTia. gamonakliss warmoadgens fsiqikuri iZuleba,
rodesac qceva nebelobiTia, magram Tavisufali ar aris. Tuki
adamiani imoqmedebda principiT: stimuli _ reaqcia, maSin
motivis problemas araviTari azri ar eqneboda.
arCeviTobis sazRvrebi zogadad orgvari faqtoriT
ganisazRvreba: obieqturiT da subieqturiT, samyaroTi da
pirovnebiT, garegani garemoebebiT da Sinagani pirobebiT.
amasTan, es faqtorebi moqmedeben ara paralelurad, aramed
urTierTmoqmedebiTa da urTierTganpirobebulobiT. qcevis
arCeviToba aris Tavisuflebis gamovlenis forma. qcevis
arCeviToba da motivirebuloba arsebobs imdenad, ramdenadac
arsebobs obieqturi garemoebebi, romlebic uSveben
araerTgvarovani gadawyvetilebebis, sxvadasxva nebis
gamoxatvis SesaZleblobas. qcevis alternativis gareSe
26
ix. erqomaiSvili v. dasax. naSr. gv. 150-152.
27
ix. iqve, gv. 154.
28
ix. iqve, gv. 156.
29
ix. Волков Б.С. Мотивы преступлений (Уголовно-правовое, социально-психологическое
исследование). Изд. Казанского университета, 1982, с. 6.
16
SeuZlebelia nebis gamovlena, Tavisufleba da
pasuxismgebloba. 30
g) moqmedeba anu nebelobiTi qceva. Tuki adamiani
garegan aucileblobas Sinagan moTxovnilebad, survilad
aqcevs, maSin misi moqmedeba Tavisufalia. amis saSualebas ki
neba iZleva. es ukanaskneli arCevanis gakeTebis
safuZvelTagania. 31
d) pasuxismgebloba. adamiani erTaderTi arsebaa
bunebis qmnilebaTa Soris, romelsac moeTxoveba pasuxi Tavisi
qmedebisaTvis. es ganpirobebulia imiT, rom mas axasiaTebs
Tavisufleba. adamiani Tavis saqmianobaSi ar aris calsaxad
determinirebuli bunebis mier. mas axasiaTebs sxvagvarad
moqmedebis SesaZlebloba. unda ganvasxvavoT erTmaneTisagan
pasuxismgebloba da pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba. pirveli
obieqturi, xolo meore subieqturi movlenaa. pasuxismgebloba
yovel adamians axasiaTebs damoukideblad. v. erqomaiSvili
marTebulad miuTiTebs, rom pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba aris
gancda, Tumca, iqve arasworad miuTiTebs, rom TiTqos
pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba zogierT adamians aqvs, xolo
zogierTs ara. 32 sinamdvileSi msjeloba SeiZleba adamianis
pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis xarisxze, vinaidan SeuZlebelia
romelime Seracxad adamians pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba
saerTod ar gaaCndes.
r. blekborni sam ZiriTad Teoriul pozicias
asaxelebs: mkacr determinizms, msubuq determinizms da
libertarianizms. mkacri determinizmis mixedviT, adamianuri
qceva sruliad ganisazRvreba im faqtorebiT, romlebic ar
imyofeba adamianis cnobierebis sferoSi da arCevanze saubari
zedmetia. msubuqi determinizmi cdilobs Tavisuflebis
determinizmTan Serigebas. am ukanaskneli mimarTulebis
mixedviT adamianebi arCevans akeTeben, magram variantTa
SezRuduli ricxvidan. 33
libertarianistuli Sexeduleba msubuqi
determinizmis Semdgomi gagrZelebaa: marTalia, qceva ar
iTvleba absoluturad Tavisuflad, magram adamianis arCevanis
winaswarmetyveleba SeuZlebelia. qcevis Tavisufali arCeva ar
niSnavs ùmizezos,~ radgan ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi arCevani
unda iyos SemTxveviTi da amitom arsebobs gansakuTrebuli
saxis mizezebi, romlebic adamians saSualebas aZleven
airCios moqmedebis sxva saxe, rac gansxvavdeba realurad
arsebulisagan. 34
30
исследование). Изд. Казанского университета, 1982, с. 21-22.
31
ix. erqomaiSvili v. dasax. naSr. gv. 162.
32
ix. iqve, gv. 169-171.
33
ix. Блэкборн Р. Психология криминального поведения. Серия «Мастера психологии»,
изд. «Питер», С-Пет., 2004, с. 38-39.
34
ix. iqve, gv. 39.
17
determinizmis naklad r. blekborni miiCnevs imas, rom
SeuZlebelia awmyos codniT momavlis ganWvreta da meore, _
SeuZlebeli xdeba winaswar mofiqrebuli ganzraxvis arseboba.
libertarianizmis farglebSi ori arsebiTi problemaa
gadauWreli: 1) yovelTvis sruliad damoukidebelia Tu ara
adamianis arCevani da 2) uSvebs Tu ara tragikuli kriteriumi
“sxvagvarad qcevis SesaZleblobis” mecnierul Semowmebas. 35
amrigad, SeiZleba iTqva, rom nebis Tavisuflebis
Sesaxeb indeterministuli da deterministuli koncefciebis
mokle mimoxilvam migviyvana daskvnamde, rom orive
ukiduresobaSi vardeba. d. uznaZis azriT, `faqtia, rom
motivaciis gareSe nebelobis aqti ar xdeba. maSasadame,
determinizmi marTalia: nebelobis aqts motivi gansazRvravs,
magram faqtia isic, rom erTidaigive motivi yovelTvis
erTsadaimave aqts ar iwvevs. erTxel rom igi erT Sedegs
iZleva, meorejer mis mimarT sruliad uZluri rCeba.
mizezobriobis cnebas aseTi faqtebi sruliad ar egueba.
mizezi gansazRvrul pirobebSi yovelTvis gansazRvrul
Sedegs iwvevs. amitomac, SeuZlebelia romelime garkveuli
motivi an motivTa jgufi kauzalurad daukavSiro garkveul
nebelobis aqts. maSasadame, determinizmi mainc ar aris
marTali.~ 36
vinaidan subieqti TviTon qmnis Tavis TavSi
gansazRvruli moqmedebis ganwyobas, amitom moqmedebasac igi
iwvevs, rac moqmedebis Tavisuflebaze miuTiTebs, e.i.
nebelobis Tavisuflebis gancda udavoa. amasTan, nebelobiTi
qcevis kauzalobas ganapirobebs is faqti, rom nebismier
qcevas ganwyoba udevs safuZvlad, romelsac, Tavis mxriv,
warmosaxuli anu azriTi situacia gansazRvravs. 37
msgavsi mosazreba aqvs gamoTqmuli r. naTaZes, oRond
im gansxvavebiT, rom nebelobiTi moqmedebis determinacias,
misi azriT, cnobierebis procesi ganapirobebs: _ `nebisyofis
aqtis Tavisufleba mis uSualo situaciisagan
damoukideblobaSi mdgomareobs; nebismieri moqmedeba isevea
mizezobrivad gansazRvruli, rogorc yoveli moqmedeba,
oRond nebiemieri moqmedebis determinacia rTulia, igi
pirovnebis cnobierebis procesiT aris gaSualebuli.~ 38
marTebulad unda CaiTvalos d. uznaZis mosazreba,
romlis mixedviTac, nebelobis Tavisuflebis problemis
indeterministuli da deterministuli gadaWris mcdeloba or
ukiduresobas warmoadgens. am sakiTxis sworad
gansazRvrisaTvis mas Sualeduri pozicia ukavia. es kargad
Cans misi Semdegi msjelobidan: `nebeloba Tavisufalia,
35
ix. Блэкборн Р. Психология криминального поведения. Серия «Мастера психологии»,
изд. «Питер», С-Пет., 2004, с. 39.
36
uznaZe d. zogadi fsiqologia. gamomcemloba àRmaSenebeli,~ tomi III_IX,
Tb., 1998, gv. 219.
37
ix. iqve, gv. 220.
38
naTaZe r. zogadi fsiqologia. Tsu gamomcemloba, 1977, gv. 550.
18
ramdenadac aqtualuri situaciis gavlenas ar emorCileba,
radgan aqedan momdinare iZulebas ar ganicdis. igi
Tavisufalia, ramdenadac masze moqmedi situacia
warmosaxviTia, maSasadame, subieqtis mieraa gacnobierebuli.
magram igi determinirebulia, araa Tavisufali, ramdenadac,
Tumca warmosaxuliT, magram mainc situaciiTaa
pirobadebuli.~ 39
ase, rom adamians, romelsac ar gaaCnia sxvagvarad
qcevis SesaZlebloba, SeuZlebelia bralze agebulma sisxlis
samarTalma daakisros pasuxismgebloba. bralis gareSe
pasuxismgebloba ki sasjelis miznebs ganuxorcielebels
datovebda.
adamianis Tavisufleba SeiZleba realizebl iqnes iseT
samyaroSi, sadac arsebobs aucileblobisa da SemTxveviTobis
erTianoba... raimes moxdena aucilebelicaa da SemTxveviTic.
amgvar samyaroSi adgili aqvs albaTuri, statistikuri
xasiaTis kanonzomierebas. aucilebloba gamoxatavs ara
gardauvalobas, aramed moxdenis sixSires. aseTi aucilebloba
ar gamoricxavs SemTxveviTobas, romelic arsebobs rogorc
gadaxra kanonzomierebidan. 40
39
naTaZe r. dasax. naSr. gv. 220.
40
ix. erqomaiSvili v. dasax. naSr., gv. 245.
19
$ 2. nebelobiTi qcevis arsi
adamianma SeiZleba ganaxorcielos instiqturi,

impulsuri da nebelobiTi moqmedeba. braleuli
pasuxismgeblobis principidan gamomdinare sisxlis samarTals
mxolod nebelobiTi qceva ainteresebs, magram es imas ar
niSnvas, rom sisxlis samarTalma unda Seqmnas
fsiqologiisagan gansxvavebuli qcevis sakuTari cneba da
masSi Seitanos marTlwinaaRmdegobisa da braleulobis
momentebi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es iqneba sakiTxisadmi
dualisturi midgoma, rac sisxlis samarTalSi sxva araferi
iqneba Tu ara fsiqolozmi. am mxriv, marTebulia T. wereTlis
azri, romlis Tanaxmadac, `qcevis fsiqologiuri cneba ar
gulisxmobs samarTlebriv Sefasebas; qceva fsiqologiuri
gagebiT iuridilad SeiZleba iyos marTlzomieri da
aramarTlzomieri an braleuli da arabraleuli.~ 41
sisxlis samarTlis mecniereba zogjer sxva
mecnierebis gavlenas ganicdis. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos
fsiqologiis `SeWris~ Sesaxeb, rac `fsiqologizmis~
safrTxes qmnis sisxlis samarTalSi. es problema
gansakuTrebiT Tavs iCens danaSaulisa da nebelobiTi qcevis
urTierTmimarTebasTan, motivTan, miznTan da bralTan
dakavSirebiT.
garkveul SemTxvevebSi imdenad didia fsiqologiuri
xerxebiTa da meTodebiT samarTlebrivi cnebebis ganmartebis
mcdeloba, rom zogierTi mecnieri gakvirvebiT msjelobs amis
Sesaxeb. magaliTad, germaneli mecnieri nasi aRniSnavs: àrsad
da arc erT mecnierebaSi fsiqologiis Semecnebani ise
intensiurad da globalurad ar asaxula, rogorc XIX
saukunis iurisprudenciaSi... gasaocaric aris is siRrmiseuli
sizuste, romliTac urTulesi fsiqologiuri cnebebi da
miRwevebi gamoiyeneba. xSiria SemTxvevebi, roca bralis
problemisadmi miZRvnil iuridiul nawarmoebSi ufro
specialuri fsiqologiuri, vidre samarTlebrivi
litereturaa citirebuli. amitomac araferi iyo sakvirveli
imaSi, rom obieqturad ganwyobili zogierTi kriminalisti
samarTlis mecnierebis srul fsiqologizirebaze werda.~ 42
g. naWyebiam sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebaSi
fsiqologizmisa da normativizmis problemas mcire
monografiuli naSromi miuZRvna, romelSic avtori cdilobs
qarTveli kriminalistis b. xaraziSvilis mosazrebebs
sakuTari mecnieruli dasabuTeba misces. 43
41
Церетели Т.В. Причинная связь в уголовном праве. Гос. изд. «Юридической литератури»,
изд. второе, исправленное и дополненное, М., 1963, с. 25.
42
cit. l-g. kutalias mixedviT: bralis Sesaxeb fsiqologiuri moZRvrebis
frankiseuli kritikisaTvis, Jurnali `samarTali,~ 1998, #7-8, gv. (G. Nass.
Wandlungen des Schuldbegriffs im Laufe des Rechtdenkens, Berlin, 1963, s. 97).
43
ix. Начкебия Г.И. Психологизм и нормативизм в науке уголовного права. Изд.
«Меридиани», Тб, 2000.
20
Cvens yuradRebas ipyrobs b. xaraziSvilis mier
wamoyenebuli ori debuleba: pirveli, ratom araa danaSauli
nebelobiTi qcevis nairsaxeoba da meore, ratom gvTavazobs
avtori `danaSaulis motivis~ nacvlad `damnaSavis qcevis
motivs.~ am ukansknelis Sesaxeb qvemoT iqneba saubari.
b. xaraziSvili miuTiTebda, rom danaSauli TviTon ki
ar aris damoukidebeli fsiqologiuri qceva, aramed
danaSauli motivisa da miznis ganxorcielebis xerxia. erTi 44
sityviT, amas imiT asabuTebda, rom SeuZlebelia Seiqmnas
qcevis fsiqologiurisagan gansxvavebuli qcevis normatiuli
cneba, radgan danaSauli SefasebiTi cnebaa, xolo
fsiqologia, romelic faqtebis mecnierebaa, Sefasebas
moklebulia. amitom danaSaulic ver iqneba qcevis nairsaxeoba.
am gansazRvrebis Sesaxeb marTebulad miuTiTbs g.
naWyebia da amas imiT xsnis, rom `danaSaulis niSnebi
miewereba ara qcevas fsiqologiuri gagebiT, aramed am qcevis
ganxorcielebis xerxs. es bunebrivia, radgan normatiulad
fasdeba ara qceva TavisTavad, aramed am qcevis
ganxorcielebis xerxi.~ 45
sisxlis samarTalSi fsiqologizmis daZlevis
mcdeloba friad sayuradReboa. motivis Camoyalibeba moicavs
miznis miRwevis saSaulebisa da xerxis gacnobierebasac. maSin
logikuria Tu vityviT, rom amis gamo motivi da mizani ar
SeiZleba sxva Sefasebas imsaxurebdes da maTi ganxorcielebis
xerxi sxvas. amas g. naWyebiac aRiarebs: samarTlis poziciidan
fasdeba jer qmedeba, rogorc motivisa da miznis
marTlsawinaaRmdego xerxi, xolo xerxis Sefasebis kvalobaze
fasdeba motivic da mizanic. `magaliTad, materialuri
gamdidrebis motivi da mizani TavisTavad uaryofiT movlenas
ar warmoadgens, magram sakmarisia, rom subieqtma am miznis
misaRwevad danaSaulebrivi xerxi SearCios, rom motivi da
mizani àngarebad~ Sefasdes. es imaze metyvelebs, rom
danaSaulebrivi qmedeba qcevis, anu motivisa da miznisagan
mowyvetiT SeuZlebelia.~ 46 marTlac, qcevis Sefaseba
motivisa da miznis gareSe SeuZlebelia, radgan qcevis
mxolod obieqturi TvalsazrisiT Sefaseba ver xsnis qcevis
fsiqologiur arss. `fsiqologiuri Tvalsazrisi, _ wers S.
CxartiSvili, _ qcevas motivisa da miznisagan ver gamoyofs.
rogoricaa motivi, iseTivea mizanic da qcevac.~ 47
am mxriv, sayuradReboa b. volkovis kritika m.
Sargorodskis mimarT, romlis azriTac, TiTqos SesaZlebeli
iyos, rom erTi da igive motivma SeiZleba warmoSvas sikeTec
da borotebac. `motivsa da mizans Soris, _ wers b. volkovi, _
44
ix. Хорнабуджели Б.В. Психологическая сторона вины. Тб., 1981, с. 6.
45
gv. 219-220.
46
iqve, gv. 220.
47
CxartiSvili S. nebismieri qcevis motivis problema, Tb., 1958, gv. 73.
21
arsebobs uwyveti kavSiri... Tavis konkretul Sinaarss motivi
iZens moqmedebis miznis saSualebiT. motivi konkretuli
qcevis gareSe ar arsebobs. mas azri gaaCnia garkveul
moqmedebasTan kavSirSi, romlisganac saboloo jamSi motivi
unda daxasiaTdes.“ 48
es mosazreba dazustebas moiTxovs. motivaciis procesi
miznis gacnobierebasac gulisxmobs. sxvadasxva miznis
gacnobiereba motivacias da Sesabamisad motivsac
Sinaarsobrivad da ara formiT cvlis. magaliTad, aviRoT
zizRi da aucilebeli mogeriebis viTareba. Tu piri
Tavdamsxmels daazianebs Tavdacvis mizniT, maSin
ganxorcielebuli qmedeba samarTlis TvalsazrisiT misaRebia;
Tuki zizRi safuZvlad daedo Tavdamsxmelis dazianebas imis
gamo, rom masTan warsulSi usiamovneba hqonda, maSin zizRi
dasagmobia. amitom ufro marTebuli iqneba Tu vityviT, rom
Sinaarsobrivad erTi da igive motiviT ar SeiZleba rogorc
saqebari, ise dasagmobi moqmedebis ganxorcileba.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom, erTi mxriv, konkretuli qcevis
motivisa da miznis, xolo, meore mxriv, am qcevis xerxisa da
saSualebis sxvadasxva TvalsazrisiT Sefaseba
gaumarTlebelia, radgan isini urTierTdakavSirebuli
cnebebia.
Tanamedrove mecnierebis ganviTarebis maRali donis
miuxedavad, jer kidev araa saTanadod Seswavlili adamianis
aqtivobis ganmapirobebel faqtorTa buneba, sistema da maTi
urTierTdamokidebuleba. aq, upirveles yovlisa, unda gairkves
motivaciis, motivis, ganwyobis, miznisa da nebelobiTi
moqmedebis urTierTdamokidebuleba da ganpirobebuloba. am
sakiTxebis araswori gageba iwvevs mocemuli fsiqologiuri
kategoriebisa Tu cnebebis gaigivebas da adamianis nebelobiTi
moqmedebis araswor axsnas.
fsiqologiis ganviTarebis istorias Tu gadavxedavT,
davinaxavT, rom adamianis moqmedebis axsnis sami ZiriTadi
mimarTuleba ikveTeba. pirvel mimarTulebas aqcenti pirovnul
Taviseburebebze gadaaqvs. meore mimarTuleba cdilobs
adamianis aqtivobis gasaRebi gare samyaroSi, Seqmnil
situaciaSi eZebos. da bolos, aRniSnuli sakiTxisadmi mesame
midgomas Semrigebluri pozicia ukavia da adamianis
moqmedebis fsiqologiuri arsis dasadgenad Tanabrad
eyrdnoba pirovnul (subieqtur) da situaciur (obieqtur)
faqtorTa zemoqmedebis xarisxobriv maCveneblebs da pirvel
or mimarTulebasTan SedarebiT ufro konkretuli xasiaTis
debulebebs ayalibebs.
udavoa is faqti, rom nebelobiTi qcevis
ganxorcielebisas SeuZlebelia upiratesoba adamianis qcevis
an Sinagan faqtorebs an garegan faqtorebs mivaniWoT. yoveli
adamiani ganumeorebelia da amitom yoveli maTganis qcevac
48
Волков Б.С. Проблема воли и уголовная ответственность. Изд. Казанского университета,
1965, с. 76-77.
22
gansxvaveblia. ufro metic, erTi da igive obieqtur
situaciaSi esa Tu is individi SeiZleba gansxvavebulad
moiqces. ratom xdeba ase? am kiTxvaze pasuxi erTia: adamiani
araa statikuri arseba, igi dinamiuria, rac ganpirobebulia
samyarosadmi misi SemecnebiTi da SefasebiTi damokidebulebis
TavisuflebiT, romelic iwvevs mravalgvari moTxovnilebebis,
interesebis, ganwyobis warmoSobas, axali unarebis SeZenas da
a.S.
dabejiTebiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom fsiqoligiaSi
yvelaze rTuli adamianis nebelobiTi qcevis sakiTxia: Tu
ratom iqcevian a. da b. gansxvavebulad erTi da igive
situaciaSi an ratom iqcevian isini erTnairad sxvadasxva
situaciaSi kvlav davis sagans warmoadgens.
am mxriv, sainteresoa h. hekhauzenis msjeloba: `Zalian
gavrcelebulia qcevis mizezebis axsnis sami gza:
viTvaliswinebT mxolod adamianis individualur
Taviseburebebs, an mxolod situaciis Taviseburebebs, an
qcevis mizezebs veZebT pirovnebisa da situaciis
urTierTqmedebis TaviseburebebSi. h. hekhauzenis azriT,
Tanamedrove fsiqologiisaTvis amgvari kvlevis yovelgvari
xerxi sasargebloa, magram sakmaod `meamituria,~
gamartivebulia.~ 49
Tu rogor vxsniT qcevas, es garkveulwilad
damokidebulia Sedarebis parametrTa nairsaxeobaze. Sedareba
SeiZleba vawarmooT sami ganzomilebiT. pirveli, adamianebis
qceva sxvadasxva situaciebis mixedviT; meore, drois
sxvadasxva momentebis mixedviT; da bolos, gansxvavebul
individTa qcevis mixedviT. rTuli situaciis Secvlisas an
drois mimdinareobisas garkveuli qceva mcired icvleba da
arsebiTad gansxvavdeba analogiur pirobebSi sxva adamianTa
qcevisagan, maSin qcevis mizezi mocemuli adamianis
individualur TvisebebSi unda veZeboT. esaa qcevis axsna
pirveli TvalsazrisiT, romelic safuZvlad udevs pirovnebis
fsiqologias. Tuki qceva arsebiTad icvleba erTi situaciidan
meoreze gadasvlisas, Tanac igi drois sxvadasxva momentebSi
sxvadasxvagvarad gvevlineba, maSin _ qcevis mizezebi
situaciis TvisebebSi unda veZeboT. esaa qcevis axsna meore
TvalsazrisiT, romelic gabatonebulia socialur
fsiqologiaSi da efuZneba klinikuri fsiqologiis Teoriul
swavlebas. da bolos, Tu Rrma analiziT mivalT daskvnamde,
rom moqmedebebs Soris gansxvavebaSi, amasTan, drois
sxvadasxva momentebSi, monawileobs rogorc pirovnuli, ise
situaciuri faqtorebi, adgili aqvs qcevis axsnas mesame
TvalsazrisiT. amgvari axsna damaxasiaTebelia motivaciis
49
Хайнц Хекхаузен, Мотивация и деятельность. Cерия «Мастера психологии», 2-е издание,
изд. «Питер», М., С-Петербург и т.д., 2003, с. 31; qcevis ganpirobebulobaze ixileT
agreTve: Блэкборн Рональд. Психология криминального поведения. Серия «Мастера
психологии», изд. «Питер», С-Пет., 2004, с. 34, sadac avtori svams kiTxvas: razea
damokidebuli qceva _ adamianze Tu situaciaze?
23
fsiqologiisaTvis, agreTve kognituri fsiqologiisa da
pirovnebis Tanamedrove kvlevisaTvis. 50
vinaidan sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba
mxolod nebelobiT qcevas ukavSirdeba unda gavakvioT
nebelobiTi qcevis Tavisebureba.
adamianis fsiqikis ZiriTad Sinaarss gancdaTa sami
gansxvavebuli klasi Seadgens: adamiani an obieqtur
sinamdviles ganicdis, e.i. Semecnebis procesebi aqvs, an Tavis
subieqtur mdgomareobas ganicdis, e.i. grZnobebi aqvs, anda,
dasasruls, Tavis aqtivobas ganicdis, e.i. nebelobis
procesebi aqvs. 51
instinqturi da impulsuri qceva avtomaturad
xorcieldeba da igi cxovelsac axasiaTebs. impulsuri qceva
yovelTvis instinqturia, magram ara piriqiT. impulsur qcevas
axasiaTebs myisieroba, xolo impulsuri qceva droSi
„gangrZobadi“ qcevaa. magaliTad, cxovelis mier sakvebis
momarageba impulsuria.
r. naTaZe sworad miuTiTebs, rom „adamians
cxovelisagan gansxvavebiT aqtivobis iseTi forma gaaCnia,
rogoricaa nebismieri moqmedebis unari _ nebisyofa.“ 52
adamianis saqmianobis warmarTvisaTvis mxolod
instinqti sakmarisi araa. adamians mis winaSe mdgari
amocanebis gadawyvetaSi exmareba cnobiereba, romelic
sagnobrivi viTarebis codnaa, gaazrebaa da mis safuZvelze
adamiani axorcielebs mizandasaxul qcevas. 53 maSasadame,
cnobiereba fsiqikuri saqmianobis, rogorc gancdis, Sedegia,
magram ar aris misi igiveobrivi. swored, cnobiereba aZlevs
adamians azrovnebis saSualebas da mis safuZvelze igi
axorcielebs nebelobiT qcevas.
am mxriv, sworia b. xaraziSvilis mtkiceba, rom
nebelobiTi qceva azrovnebis gareSe ar arsebobs. `Tu
impulsuri qcevis ganwyobas uSualod moTxovnileba qmnis,
maSin nebismieri qcevis dros, motivTan erTad Tavs iCens ukve
odesRac dakmayofilebuli moTxovnilebiT Seqmnili
fiqsirebuli ganwyobac.~ 54
nebismieri qcevis umniSvnelovanes niSans warmoadgens
ganxorcielebuli qcevis gacnobiereba. kerZod,
gadawyvetilebis miReba da misi Sesruleba SeuZlebelia imis
gareSe, rom adamianma ar gaacnobieros ganxorcilebuli
50
ix. Хайнц Хекхаузен. dasax. naSr., gv. 31.
51
ix. uznaZe d. dasax. naSr., gv. 33.
52
naTaZe r. dasax. naSr., gv. 549.
53 cnobierebisa da instinqtis niSnebisa da maTi gansxvavebis Sesaxeb
dawvrilebiT ix: 1) erqomaiSvili v. filosofia. gadamuSavebuli da
Sevsebuli gamocema, gamomcemloba `kvari,~ Tb., 2002, gv. 122-125; cnobierebis
arsis Sesaxeb ix. agreTve: 2) beWvaia d. sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis
aqtualuri sakiTxebi. Tsu gamomcemloba, Tb., 1990, gv. 228.
54
ix. xaraziSvili b. sicruis fsiqologia (eTikur-samarTlebrivi
aspeqtebi), gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo,~ Tb., 1975, gv. 42.
24
qcevis socialuri sazrisi da is Sedegebi, romlebic SeiZleba
dadges amis gamo. nebelobiTi SeiZleba iyos mxolod
gacnobierebuli qceva. 55
vinaidan adamians SeuZlia cnobierad warmarTos
sakuTari qceva, es misi nebis Tavisuflebaze mianiSnebs.
neblobiTi moqmedebis ganxorcielebisas ki adamiani winaswar
ganWvrets mosalodnel Sedegebs da amis Sesabamisad irCevs
moqmedebis mizans, romlis miRwevac motivis dakmayofilebas
iwvevs.
adamianis qcevas sxva movlenebisagan is ganasxvavebs,
rom igi atarebs mizanmimarTul, SerCeviT xasiaTs. adamiani
Cveulebriv cdilobs SearCios iseTi qceva, romelic
Seesabameba mis zraxvebs da miswrafebebs, rasac mniSvnelovani
adgili ukavia misi pirovnebis struqturaSi. vinaidan qceva
xorcieldeba sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis sistemaSi,
amdenad pirvelxarisxovani mniSvneloba eniWeba nebelobiT
procesSi Cadenili qmedebis socialur sazrisisa da
mniSvnelobis gacnobierebas. kerZod, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba
es qceva samarTlebriv da zneobriv moTxovnebs da a.S. 56
nebelobiTiAqcevisAgacnobierebulAxasiaTsaAdaAmizanmim
arTulebaze miuTiTebs T. wereTelic: „adamianis nebelobiTi
moqmedeba SeiZleba ganvsazRvroT rogorc adamianis
Segnebuli mizanswrafuli zemoqmedeba mis garemomcvel
obieqtur samyaroze.“ 57
amrigad, adamianis specifikur Taviseburebas, riTac
igi mkveTrad gansxvavdeba cxovelisagan, is garemoeba
Seadgens, rom wamyvan rols mis cxovrebaSi cnobiereba
asrulebs. aqtualuri situaciis niadagze aRmocenebul
ganwyobas ar emorCileba, rogorc amas cxovelis SemTxvevaSi
aqvs adgili. igi winaswar acnobierebs Tavis qcevas da ama Tu
im aqts mxolod imis mixedviT mimarTavs, Tu ras miiRebs am
gacnobierebis Sedegad. mokled: cxovelis ganwyobas
aqtualuri impulsis situacia qmnis, xolo adamianis
ganwyobas, romelic mis qcevas udevs safuZvlad,
gacnobierebuli warmosaxuli situacia. 58
nebelobiTi qceva aucileblad motivis safuZvelze
xorcieldeba, romelic motivaciis procesis Sedegad
yalibdeba. amitom momdevno paragrafSi asaxuli iqneba
motivaciis struqtura, motivisa da miznis buneba, maTi
urTierTdamokidebuleba da ganpirobebuloba.
55
56
ix. iqve, gv. 24.
57
wereTeli T. danaSaulebrivi qmedoba da misi Sedegi. gamomcemloba
„mecniereba,“ Tb., 1966, gv. 12.
58
25
$ 3. motivacia, motivi da mizani
saxelmwifoSi marTlwesrigis ganmtkicebisaTvis

udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba ara marto marTlsawinaaRmdego,
aramed marTlzomieri qcevis motivebis Seswavlas. adamianis
aqtiurobis Sinagani bunebis axsnisaTvis didi mniSvneloba
eniWeba misi qcevis motivis dadgenas. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos,
rom fsiqologiur literaturaSi ar aris erTiani azri arc
motivis cnebis da arc misi motivaciis sxva faqtorebTan
urTierTdamokidebulebis Sesaxeb. gansakuTrebuli simwvaviT
da araTanmimdevrulobiT gamoirCeva am sakiTxis Sesaxeb
Seqmnili iuridiuli literatura. ufro metic, rogorc
aRvniSneT, iqmneba fsiqologizmis safrTxe. naSromSi
gaanalizebulia mxolod SedarebiT gavrcelebuli
mosazrebebi gansaxilveli problemis Sesaxeb, rameTu xSiria
tipiuri mosazrebebi da maTi warmoCena mxolod informaciul
xasiaTs miiRebs.
ueWvelia, rom motivi da motivacia fsiqologiuri
kategoriebia, magram zogjer aris motivis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi cnebis SemoRebis mcdeloba.
magaliTad, i. filanovski fiqrobs, rom Tuki fsiqologia
gvixsnis adamianis moqmedebis mamoZravebel Zalas zogadad,
sisxlis samarTalma unda agvixsnas danaSaulebrivi qmedebis
specifikuri Zalebi. amiT igi imis damtkicebas cdilobs, rom
sisxlis samarTalSi fsiqologiisagan gansxvavebuli motivis
cneba ki ar unda Seiqmnas, aramed danaSaulis specifikuri
cneba unda SemuSavdes. 59
b. xaraziSvili motivis gansazRvrebaSi monisturi
poziciidan gamodis da sworad miuTiTebs, rom danaSaulis
motivisaTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi gansazRvrebis
yovelgvari cda aramecnierulia, radgan es mxolod
fsiqologiuri problemaa. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi imdeni
motivis cneba iqneba, ramdenic samarTlis dargia. 60
b. volkovi Tavis Sexedulebas ase asabuTebs:
danaSaulis motivis problema, upirveles yovlisa, socialuri
problemaa. sisxlis samarTalSi motivis gamokvlevam unda
mogvces misi gamovlenis specifikuri formebi, rac
danaSaulis CadeniTaa ganpirobebuli. motivis fsiqologiuri
da sisxlissamarTlebrivi gagebis dialeqtika sakmaod
martivia: igi gamoxatavs zogadisa da kerZos, gvarisa da saxis
Tanafardobas. 61 rogorc vxedavT, b. volkovic iseve rogorc
i. filanovski sisxlis samarTalSi motivis gamovlenis
specifikurobaze miuTiTebs. arc is unda iyos SemTxveviTi,
59
ix. Филановский И.Г. Социально-психологические отношение субъекта к преступлению.
ЛГУ, 1970, с. 41.
60
ix. Харазишвили Б. В. Вопросы мотива поведения преступника в советском праве. Гос.
изд. «Цодна», Тб. 1963, с. 4-5.
61
26
rom motivi, romelic fsiqologiuri kategoriaa, b. volkovi
moralur kategoriad moixseniebs. 62
e. lukaSeva exeba ra fsiqologizmis problmas, motivis
gansazRvrebisas eyrdnoba v. miasiSevisa da v. aseevis
mosazrebebs da sabolood daaskvnis, rom `SeuZlebelia
sakuTari moqmedebebis, samarTlebrivi normebis moTxovnebisa
da miTiTebebisadmi RirebulebiTi damokidebulebis gareSe
motivis formireba, romelic specifiuria samarTlebrivi
sferosTvis.~ 63
Tuki fsiqologia Seiswavlis mxolod faqtebs
yovelgvari Sefasebis gareSe (da es asecaa), xolo motivi
fsiqologiuri kategoriaa (amas arc aravin uaryofs), maSin
SeuZlebelia motivis zogadi cnebis gverdiT arsebobdes
motivis kerZo cneba, romelSic SefasebiTi niSnebicaa
Setanili; es ki motivis zogad cnebas SeewinaaRmdegeba. iseve
rogorc sisxlis samarTali mizezobrivi kavSiris specialur
cnebas ar qmnis, aramed am filosofiur kategorias iyenebs
Tavis miznebidan gamomdinare (T. wereTeli), 64 aseve unda
gamoviyenoT fsiqologiuri kategoria yovelgvari
damaxinjebis gareSe.
sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSi yvela
avtorisaTvis saerToa is azri, rom motivi moTxovnilebiTa
da interesiT ganpirobebuli mamoZravebeli Zalaa (laT.
sityvidan moveo _ vamoZraveb), romelic adamians danaSaulis
Cadenis gadawyvetilebis mizezad gvevlineba, xolo mizani _
is azrobrivi modelia risi miRwevac pirs surs danaSaulis
CadeniT; Tuki motivi pasuxobs kiTxvaze ratom Caidina pirma
danaSauli, mizani pasuxobs kiTxvaze _ risken miiswrafvoda
damnaSave. 65
Tavidanve unda aRiniSnos, rom motivacia, motivi da
mizani materialurad arsebuli, ase vTqvaT, Cveni grZnobis
organoebiT aRqmadi movlenebi araa. isini pirobiTi arsis
mqoneni arian, romelic Cveni azrovnebis damxmare
konstruqtebad gvevlinebian, anu empirizmis enaze rom vTqvaT,
isini hipoTeturi konstruqtebia. swored amitomaa, rom h.
hekhauzeni ambobs: “motivi cneba ki araa, romelic raimes
aRwers, aramed iseTi cnebaa, romelic mowodebulia raime
axsnas... garkveul motivs Seesabameba calkeul parametrTa
62
63
Лукашева Е.А. Мотивы поведение человека в правовой сфере. Журнал «Советское
госодарство и право», 1972, с. 24.
64
ix. wereTeli T., tyeSeliaZe g. moZRvreba danaSaulze, Tb., 1969, gv. 260-261.
65
ix: 1) sisxlis samarTalis zogadi nawili. avtorTa koleqtivi,
redaqtorebi: g. tyeSeliaZe, g. naWyebia, Tbilisis universitetis
gamomcemloba, 2004, gv. 137; 2) Курс уголовного права. Учебник для вузов. В пяти
томах. Под редакцией проф. Н. Ф. Кузнецовой, доц. И.М. Тяжковой. Том 1, общая часть,
учение о преступлении. Изд. «Зерцало-М», М., 2002, с.345-346; 3) Наумов А.В. Уголовное
право. Общая часть, изд. «Бек», М., с.229-230; 4) Уголовное право. Общая часть, издание
третье, измененное и дополненное, изд. «Норма», М., 2001, с. 202-205 da sxv.
27
mTeli simravle. magram motivi yovelTvis rCeba e.w.
`hipoTetur konstruqtad,~ e.i. raRaciT moazrebuli da ara
uSualod dakvirvebas daqvemdebarebuli.~ 66
nebelobiTi moqmedebis praqtikul ganxorcielebas
yovelTvis win uswrebs motivaciis procesi, romlis drosac
subieqti idealurad, azrobrivad moqmedebs, awon-dawonis
obieqtur faqtorebs (situacia, moTxovnilebis sagani,
socialuri qcevis normebi, sazogadoebrivi interesebi da
RirebulebiTi orientaciebi da sxv.) subieqtur faqtorebTan
(moTxovnilebebi, interesebi, RirebulebiTi orientaciebi,
adre miRebuli gamocdilebebi, ganwyobebi da sxv.) mimarTebiT
da mxolod amis Semdeg iwyeba qcevis meore safexuri,
romelic miRebuli gadawyvetilebis anu Camoyalibebuli
motivis garesamyaroSi realizacias gulisxmobs. Tuki am
procesSi raime gauTvaliswinebeli faqtori iCens Tavs, kvlav
axali motivaciis procesi warmoiSoba.
motivaciis procesSi monawileobas SeiZleba iRebdes
winaT Camoyalibebuli motivebi da ganwyobebi, magram aq ukve
isini motivaciis faqtorebad gvevlinebian. winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi isini moqmedebas sxva faqtorebisagan
damoukideblad gamoiwvevdnen. am mxriv, sworia d. kiknaZe,
romelic sakiTxisadmi sxvagvar midgomas im mecnierTa
mcdari mosazrebis mizezad asaxelebs, romlebic
SesaZleblad miiCneven ramodenime motiviT erTi moqmedebis
ganxorcielebas. 67 am sakiTxs Cven dawvrilebiT SevexebiT e.w
`motivTa konkurenciis~ absurdulobis Sesaxeb Semdgom
paragrafSi.
nebelobiTi moqmedebisas, iseve rogorc impulsurisas,
subieqtur faqtorTagan pirveli wyaro aris moTxovnileba.
adamianis moTxovnileba Cndeba disharmoniulobiT, fizikuri
da sulieri cvlilebebiT. cxovelisagan gansxvavebiT adamians
bunebriv moTxovnilebebTan erTad aqvs socialuri
moTxovnilebebic. 68 moTxovnilebas moqmedebis sawyis wyarod
asaxelebs s. rubinSteini da iqve miuTiTebs, rom
àdaminisaTvis moTxovnilebis qona metyvelebs imaze, rom igi
ganicdis saWiroebas rameSi, rac masSi ar aris da arsebobs
gare sagnebSi an sxva adamianSi.~ 69 msgavs azrs gamoTqvams d.
uznaZec: `moTxovnileba aqtiobis wyaroa: iq, sadac araviTari
moTxovnileba ar arsebobs, iq arc aqtiobaze SeiZleba
laparaki.~ 70
66
Хайнц Хекхаузен, dasax. naSr., gv. 38-39.
67
ix. kiknaZe d. danaSaulebrivi qcevis motivaciis sistemuri gagebisaTvis.
Jurnali àlmanaxi,~ spec. gamoSveba: sisxlis samarTlisa da
kriminologiis problemebi, 2000, #13, gv. 126.
68
ix. Кикнадзе Д.А. Система факторов действия и развития личности. Изд. «сабчота
сакартвело», Тб., 1982, с. 15-16.
69
Рубинштеин С.Л. Основы общей психологии. Серия «Мастера психологии», изд.
«Питер», Санкт-Петербург, 2002, с. 522.
70
uznaZe d. dasax. naSr., gv. 163.
28
`moTxovnileba Sinagani arsia, romelic
damaxasiaTebelia yoveli mocemuli individisaTvis da misi
qcevis motivis safuZvelTa safuZvelia.~ 71
moTxovnilebis warmoSobis Semdeg adamians uCndeba
interesi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom interesis warmoSobis Semdeg
ukve iwyeba adamianis azrobrivi muSaoba, romelic
moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad miznisa da misi miRwevis
saSualebebisa da xerxebis SerCevis sawyisi etapia. am mxriv,
sainteresod msjelobs d. kiknaZe: ìnteresi ganpirobebulia
moTxovnilebiT. maT Soris arsebiTi gansxvaveba isaa, rom
interesi aris motivacia gavlili moTxovnileba, magram
daukmayofilebeli da adamianSi Semonaxuli, romelic
momavalSi dakmayofilebiskenaa mimarTuli. moTxovnilebis
sagani iribad, moTxovnilebis gavliT, xdeba interesis sagani.
xolo intresis uSualo sagani aris moTxovnileba da misi
dakmayofilebis saSualeba. moTxovnileba arsebobs
interesisagan damoukideblad, xolo interesi ar SeiZleba
arsebobdes moTxovnilebisagan damoukideblad.~ 72
b. zemcovis azriT, interesi aris obieqtTan pirovnebis
dadebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone urTierToba da gviCvenebs
individis swrafvas. 73
swored interesis warmoSobis Semdeg iwyeba SefasebiTi
msjeloba, romelic individis RirebulebiTi sistemisa da
sazogadobrivi azris, socialur-samarTlebrivi normebis
erTdroulad gansjas gulisxmobs. `motivaciaSi mocemuli
faqtorebi da TviT samomavlo moqmedeba Sefasebas iRebs maTi
subieqturi Sefasebis safuZvelze. am momentebis obieqturi
Rirebuleba subieqtis RirebulebiT orientaciaTa sistemaSi
gardatydeba da Tu romel subieqtur Sefasebas miiReben isini
rogorc motivaciis faqtorebi, damokidebulia am faqtorTa
obieqturi Rirebulebebisadmi subieqtur damokidebulebaze.~ 74
marTalia, motivi da mizani korelatiuri cnebebia, 75
magram isini erTmaneTze ar daiyvaneba an erTi meoreze ar
gadava, rogorc amas zogierTi mkvlevari miiCnevs. 76
motivaciis procesSi anu motivis CamoyalibebaSi mizani
monawileobas iRebs, rogorc erT-erTi faqtori da rac
mTavaria motivisagan gansxvavebiT miznis formirebaSi
inteleqtualuri sfero erTveba, romelic aucileblad
71
Кикнадзе Д.А. Потребности, поведение, воспитание. М., 1968, с.68.
72
Кикнадзе Д.А. Система факторов действия и развития личности. Изд. «сабчота
сакартвело», Тб., 1982, с. 57-58.
73
ix. Земцов И.Г. Социальные механизми мотивации поведения личности. М., 1971, с. 162-
163.
74
сакартвело», Тб., 1982, с. 149-150.
75
ix. Таганцев Н. С., Русское уголовное право. Часть общая, том I, (полное переиздание),
изд. «Автограф», Тула, 2001, с. 465-466.
76
ix. Леонтьев А.Н. Проблеми развития психики. М., 1959, с. 301; Земцов И.Г. dasax.
naSr. gv. 113. am sakiTxze sworad msjelobs n. tagancevi: ix. dasax. naSr. gv.
465-456.
29
gulisxmobs subieqtis SefasebiT msjelobas. cnobilia, rom
miznis dasaxva misi miRwevis saSualebisa da xerxis
gansazRvris gareSe SeuZlebelia, rac aucileblad
gulisxmobs moTxovnilebis sagnisadmi RirebulebiTi
damokidebulebisaTvis angariSis gawevas. sworad SeniSnavs d.
beWvaia, rom „Rirebuleba SefasebaSi gamoiTqmis. rodesac
subieqti sagans afasebs, igi garkveul damokidebulebas
amJRavnebs sagnisadmi (xazgasma Cemia _ i.d.).“ 77 es momenti aseve
sworadaa SeniSnuli sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSic
(mag: g. naWyebia). 78
Rirebuleba mniSvnelobs mxolod subieqtisTvis da
Rirebuleba aris iq, sadac aris subieqti. 79 „Rirebuleba _ es
aris mniSvneloba, romelzec damyarebulia Sefaseba.
Rirebuleba araa Sefaseba, arc sagani (an misi Tviseba),
romelic fasdeba; Rirebuleba aris socialurad
Camoyalibebuli garkveuli idealuri safuZveli Sefasebisa da
orientaciisa.“ 80
maSasadame, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mizani aris adamianis
SefasebiTi msjelobis Sedegad Camoyalibebuli misaRwevi
azrobrivi, idealuri Sedegi, romelmac motivis
dakmayofileba unda gamoiwvios.
motivi da mizani araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar warmoiSoba
Tu arsebul situaciasTan erTad pirovnebas Sesabamisi
subieqturi SesaZleblobebi, unarebi ar gaaCnia. am
ukanasknelTa gareSe SeiZleba visaubroT pirovnebis
ararealur miswrafebebze, survilebze da ara motivsa da
mizanze.
nebelobiTi moqmedebis ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro
gadawyvetilebis misaRebad aucilebelia mzaoba, rasac d.
uznaZe ganwyobas uwodebs. ganwyobas arc marto
moTxovnilebis mdgomareoba qmnis TavisTavad da arc marto
obieqturi situacia. imisaTvis, rom ganwyoba gaCndes,
moTxovnileba Tavisi dakmayofilebis pirobebis Semcvel
obieqtur situacias unda Sexvdes. 81
sainteresoa da ar SeiZleba ar daveTanxmoT d. kiknaZes
imaSi, rom nebelobiTi moqmedebis praqtikuli ganxorcieleba
SeuZlebelia Tu subieqtis qcevas Tan ar axlavs Sesabamisi
rwmena. misi azriT, „rwmena aris raimes Sesaxeb motivaciis
Sedegad Camoyalibebuli azris WeSmaritebis Sinagani gancda
77
beWvaia d. dasax. naSr., gv. 228.
78
ix. sisxlis samarTalis zogadi nawili. avtorTa koleqtivi,
gamomcemloba, 2004, gv. 189.
79
ix. Чавчавадзе Н. Культура и ценности. Тб.,1984, с. 128.
80
sociologiuri narkvevebi. v. qvaCaxia, S. nadiraSvili, d. beWvaia, v.
WeliZe. Rirebuleba da ganwyoba. gamomcemloba „sabWoTa saqarTvelo,“ Tb.,
1969, gv. 57.
81
30
da Sesabamisi praqtikuli damokidebuleba, moqmedebis
ganwyoba.“ 82
warmoSobis mixedviT, d. kiknaZe ganasxvavebs rwmenis
sam saxes: `primitiuli, avtoritaruli da Segnebuli rwmena.
maT Soris, primitiuli rwmena yoveldRiuri cxovrebiseuli
praqtikis safuZvelze yalibdeba. avtoritarul rwmenas vinmes
_ magaliTad, RmerTis, patiosani da marTali adamianis, didi
mecnieris, cnobili politikuri da saxelmwifo moRvawis da
a.S. avtoriteti warmoSobs. Segnebuli rwmena ki, raimes
Sesaxeb mxolod dasabuTebuli codnis Segnebis da misi
WeSmaritebis gancdis safuZvelze warmoiSoba.“ 83
sayuradReboa, rom Semdgom naSromSi d. kiknaZe Segnebuli
rwmenis nacvlad asaxelebs mecnierul rwmenas, 84 rac ufro
misaRebia, radgan primitiuli da avtoritaruli rwmenac
Segnebulia. amasTan, mecnierebis ama Tu im sferoSi arsebuli
miRwevebi da mosazrebebi, marTlac iwvevs adamianSi garkveul
rwmenas, radgan, umetes SemTxvevebSi, isini praqtikuladac
mtkicdeba.
d. kiknaZem wamoyenebuli debuleba Semdgom naSromebSic
ganaviTara da mivida daskvnamde, rom `yovel konkretul
viTarebaSi am da ara sxva moqmedebis aucileblobis Sinagani
rwmena nebismieri moqmedebis motivis arsebiTi niSania. mis
safuZvelze miiReba praqtikuli moqmedebis gadawyvetileba da
yalibdeba Sesabamisi ganwyoba, riTac mTavrdeba motivaciis
procesi. mTeli am procesis saboloo Sedegia motivirebuli
moqmedebis ganwyobis Camoyalibeba, rac, Tavis mxriv,
gaTvaliswinebul viTarebaSi praqtikuli moqmedebis
moTxovnilebas warmoSobs da uSualod ganicdis realizacias
gare samyaroze mimarTuli moqmedebis saxiT.~ 85
marTebulad miuTiTebs h. hekhauzeni, rom `motivaciuri~
sakiTxebi mimarTulia gaarkvios Tu ra mizniT asrulebs
mavani da mavani moqmedebas. motivacia aris romeliRac mizanze
aqtualuri mimarTuleba, motivaciuri tendencia, romlis
asaxsnelad aucilebelia yuradReba mieqces erTdroulad
situaciur da pirovnul faqtorebs. 86
motivaciis Semdeg yalibdeba motivi, romelic
nebelobiTi qcevis praqtikulad ganxorcielebis
gadawyvetilebaa da igi manamde iarsebebs, vidre motivaciis
iseTi subieqturi an obieqturi faqtori ar gamoCndeba,
romelic miznis miRwevas eWvqveS daayenebs.
82
kiknaZe d. samarTlis codna da marTlSegneba. Jurnali „macne,“
samarTlis seria, 1998, #1, gv. 88.
83
kiknaZe d. samarTlis codna da marTlSegneba. Jurnali „macne,“
84
ix. kiknaZe d. samarTlis codna da marTlSegneba. Jurnali „macne,“
85
kiknaZe d. danaSaulebrivi qcevis motivaciis sistematuri gagebisaTvis.
kriminologiis problemebi, 2000, #13,128.
86
ix. Хайнц Хекхаузен, dasax. naSr., gv. 26-28.
31
zemoT aRiniSna da aq mokled unda gaanalizdes b.
xaraziSvilis mcdeloba „danaSaulis motivis“ nacvlad
daamkvidros termini „damnaSavis qcevis motivi.“ 87 am
mosazrebas safuZvlad udevs debuleba, rom danaSauli araa
nebelobiTi qceva, xolo radgan motivi mxolod qcevas
SeiZleba hqondes da danaSauli qceva araa, amitom arc
danaSaulis motivze SeiZleba saubari. magram sakiTxis amgvari
gadaWra garkveul eWvs badebs. jer erTi, Tu ase „mkacrad“
vicavT sisxlis samarTals sxva mecnierebis gavlenisagan,
maSin arc damnaSavea sisxlissamarTlebrivi cneba. meore,
marTlsawinaaRmdegod da braleulad fasdeba mTlianad qceva,
romelSic motivic igulisxmeba da ratom ar SeiZleba
visaubroT ukve Sefasebuli qcevis anu danaSaulis motivze.
da bolos, „damnaSavis qcevis motivis“ xmareba praqtikuli
TvalsazrisiTac mouxerxebelia. magaliTad, mkvleloba
danaSaulia. b. xaraxiSvilis wamoyenebuli debulebis mixedviT
mkvlelobis motivis nacvlad unda vTqvaT mkvlelis qcevis
motivi, rac arc Tu ise warmatebuli mosazrebaa. ufro metic,
cnobilia, rom sisxlis samarTali zogjer terminebs
pirobiTad xmarobs. magaliTad, rodesac vsaubrobT damnaSavis
Sepyrobaze, aq xom iuridiuli gagebiT ar gvyavs damnaSave,
radgan sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni ar Sesula
ZalaSi.
cnobilia, rom yovel qcevas erTi motivi gaaCnia. Tuki
danaSauli motivisa da miznis ganxorcielebis xerxia, maSin
logikuria Tu vityviT, rom umotivo danaSaulic ar arsebobs.
swored amitomaa, rom erTgvarovani motiviT SeiZleba
sxvadasxva danaSauli ganxorcieldes. am mxriv, aRsaniSnavia g.
naWyebias mosazreba, rom „SesaZlebelia erTi da igive
motiviT Tvisebrivad sxvadasxva danaSaulis Cadena.“
magaliTad, qurdoba, Zarcva, yaCaRoba da a.S. aris angarebiTi
motivis ganxorcielebis xerxebi; mkvleloba, janmrTelobis
dazianebebi, cecxlis wakideba da sxv. _ SurisZiebis
ganxorcielebis xerxebia da a.S. 88 aq, bunebrivia, erTi da igive
motivSi igulisxmeba msgavsi da ara sruliad identuri
motivi, radgan yoveli danaSauli misi ganxorcielebis
specifikidan gamomdinare garkveulwilad cvlis motivaciis
faqtorebs.
87
изд. «Цодна», Тб. 1963, с. 72.
88
ix. Начкевия Г.И. Психологизм и нормативизм в науке уголовного права. Изд.
«Меридиани», Тб, 2000, с. 17.
32
$ 4. arCevanis problema motivaciis faqtorTa
simravleSi
fsiqologiur da iuridiul literaturaSi vxvdebiT

mosazrebas e.w. `motivTa konkurenciis~ anu `motivTa brZolis~
Sesaxeb. “fsiqologiur literaturaSi sakiTxi “motivTa
konkurenciis” Sesaxeb ganixileba me-19 saukunis
dasasrulidan. v. vundti (1897) motivTa brZolas ukavSirebs
arCevanis process, xolo v. Sterni (1900) _ adamianis simtkicis
gamovlinebas.” 89 amis mizezi nebelobiTi qcevis, motivaciis
arsis araswori gagebis Sedegia.
mecnierebaSi erT-erT rTul problemas cnebis
Sinaarsis gansazRvra warmoadgens. am mxriv, did davas iwvevs
motivis cnebis Camoyalibeba. Tuki motivs gavigebT rogorc
fsiqologiur gadawyvetilebas moqmedebis praqtikulad
ganxorcilebis Sesaxeb, maSin e.w. `motivTa konkurencia~ eWvis
qveS dgeba. Tuki motivs gavigebT rogorc moqmedebis
praqtikulad ganxorcielebis erT-erTi faqtors, maSin mis
gverdiT sxva motivebic SeiZleba arsebobdes da `motivTa
konkurencias~ SeiZleba adgili hqondes. ra Tqma unda, es
ukanaskneli Sexeduleba CvenTvis miuRebelia imdenad,
ramdenadac SeiZleba visaubroT motivaciis faqtorTa da ara
motivTa konkurenciis Sesaxeb.
b. volkovic ver ascda `motivTa konkurenciis~
problemas. sakiTxis aseTi formiT dasma Tavidanve
ganwirulia, radgan SeiZleba visaubroT motivaciis faqtorTa
da ara motivTa konkurenciaze. misi azriT, Sereul motivebs
Soris unda ganvasxvavoT mTavari, ZiriTadi motivebi,
romlebic gansazRvraven qcevis subieqtur arss da
meorexarisxovani, araZiriTadi motivebi, romlebic TiTqos
ubiZgebs ukve mza ganzraxvas Sesrulebisken. danaSaulis
kvalifikaciisas upiratesoba dominirebul, ZiriTad motivs
unda mieniWos. 90
ufro gviandel naSromSi b. volkovi miuTiTebs, rom
marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Cadenis gadawyvetilebas
yvelaze xSirad Tan axlavs ara erTi, aramed ramodenime
ganzraxva, Sereuli motivebi, romelsac garkveulwilad
SeuZlia Seavsos, zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki saxe ucvalos
ZiriTad motivs, gaaZlieros misi ganzraxviTi mniSvneloba. 91
erTi qcevis ganxorcielebas yovelTvis safuZvlad
udevs erTi motivi. danaSaulic xom nebelobiTi qcevis
safuZvelze xorcieldeba. amitom, logikuria Tu vityviT, rom
erTi danaSaulis ganxorcieleba mxolod erTi motiviT
89
ix. Ильин Е.П. Мотивация и мотивы. Серия «Мастера психологии», Изд. «Питер», М.,
2003, с. 135.
90
ix. Волков Б.С. Мотив и квалификация преступления. Изд. Казанского университета,
1968, с. 17-21.
91
33
SeiZleba. am mxriv, sayuradReboa d. uznaZis Sexeduleba,
romlis Tanaxmadac, fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT ramdeni
motivicaa, imdeni qcevaa. SesaZlebelia sxva motiviT
fizikurad igive qceva ganxorcieldes, romelic uaryofili
iyo, magram es srulebiT ar niSnavs imas, rom uaryofili
qceva ganxorcielda an gadawyvetileba Seicvala. am
SemTxvevaSi axalma motivma axali qcevis ganxorcieleba
gamoiwvia. amitom àrsebiTad motivTa brZolis Sesaxeb
laparaki sruliad dausabuTebelia. erTidaimave qcevis pro da
contra motivTa Sexla-Semoxla, an awon-dawona ar arsebobs; ar
arsebobs imitom, rom TviTon qceva ar aris erTi, romelsac
sxvadasxva motivi SeiZleba hqondes.~ 92
b. volkovis mtkiceba ar SeiZleba marTebulad
CaiTvalos, rodesac igi wers, TiTqos motivebs, romlebiTac
xelmZRvanelobda piri danaSaulis Cadenisas ar SeiZleba
hqondes erTnairi mniSvneloba qmedebis kvalifikaciisas da
aRniSnul motivebs Soris unda ganvasxvavoT ZiriTadi,
mTavari motivebi, romlebic gansazRvravs Cadenili moqmedebis
azrs da Sinaarss da meorexarisxovani, gverdiTi motivebi. 93 aq
erTmaneTSia gaigivebuli motivaciis faqtorebi da TviT
motivi, romelic motivaciis Semadgeneli faqtorebisagan
aigeba. cxovrebaSi sruliad SesaZlebelia nebelobiTi qcevis
ganxorcielebisas da, maT Soris, danaSaulis Cadenisas motivi
efuZnebodes ramodenime damoukidebel faqtors. magaliTad,
mavani da mavanisaTvis sruliad SesaZlebelia religiuri
mrwamsi an materialuri daintereseba cal-calke aRebuli ar
iyos sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom man miiRos kacis mokvlis
gadawyvetileba, magram orive erTad aRebuli sruliad
sakmarisi aRmoCndes amgvari danaSaulis Casadenad.
mtkiceba imis Sesaxeb, rom kvalifikaciisas „ZiriTad
motivs aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba Cadenili danaSaulis
kvalifikaciisas,“ 94 safuZvels moklebulia, radgan ar
arsebobs ZiriTadi da meore xarisxovani motivebi. rogorc
ukve aRiniSna b. volkovs arasworad esmis motivaciis
procesi, romelic sxvadasxva faqtorebisgan Sedgeba da
swored am faqtorTa Soris SeiZleba iyos Zlieri da susti
faqtorebi da ara motivebi. arc isaa gamoricxuli, rom es
faqtorebi Tanabari siZlieris iyos. aseT viTarebaSi qmedebis
danaSaulad kvalifikaciisas da sasjelis daniSvnisas, Tu
amgvari faqtorebi damamZimebel an Semamsubuqebel
garemoebebad gvevlineba, aucilebelia maTze iyos miTiTeba.
rogorc irkveva mravali sxva mecnieri ver gaeqca im
mcdar mosazrebas, rom arsebobs `motivTa kunkurencia.~
92
93
94
iqve, gv. 86.
34
magaliTad, b. petelini, 95 b. utevski da sxv. b. utevski
motivirebulad Tvlis rogorc ganzrax, ise gaufrTxilebel
danaSaulebsac. `danaSaulebrivi TviTimedovnebis dros
moqmedebis Sesrulebis gadawyvetileba, rasac Tan erTvis
danaSaulebrivi Sedegis Tavidan acilebis moufiqrebeli
imedi, romelime motividan (survilidan, grZnobidan)
gamomdinareobs. magram daudevrobis SemTxvevaSic damnaSave
moqmedebis ganxorcielebisas xelmZRvanelobs raime motiviT _
samuSaos swrafad damTavreba, Tavisi simarjvis gamoCena da
a.S. daudevrad moqmedis fsiqikaSi SesaZloa adgili hqondes
motivebis brZolas (xazgasma Cemia _i.d.). magaliTad, xumrobis
dros: dauyovnebliv damiznebis da gasrolis survils da
mosazrebas Tofis Semowmebis Sesaxeb _ datenilia Tu ara,
imarjvebs pirveli da gasroliT sicocxle espoba
dazaralebuls.~ 96
b. utevskis Secdomaa is, rom igi motivaciis faqtorTa
brZolas motivTa brZolas uwodebs. am TvalsazrisiT unda
gaekritikebina al. vaCeiSvils b. utevski da ara im kuTxiT,
TiTqos dauderobis SemTxvevaSi Cveulebriv motivebis
brZolas (rogorc aRiniSna, marTebulia motivaciis faqtorTa
brZola. SeniSvna Cemia. _ i.d.) ver vxvdebiT, radgan damnaSaves
daudevrobiT danaSaulis Cadenisas ara aqvs
gaTvaliswinebuli Tavisi moqmedebis mavne Sedegebi. 97
marTebulad SeniSnavs d. kiknaZe, rom `motivaciis
procesSi misi aRmZvreli moTxovnilebis garda, sxva
moqmedebaTa moTxovnilebebi, interesebi, miznebi, motivebi,
ganwyobebi da sxva monawileoben ara rogorc motivebi, aramed
rogorc motivaciis faqtorebi (xazgasma Cemia _ i.d.).
sxvagvari midgoma mecnierebs dRemde afiqrebinebs, rom ama Tu
im gadawyvetilebasa da moqmedebas ramdenime motivi edos
safuZvlad, rac mcdari mecnieruli midgomaa.~ 98
al. vaCeiSvili `motivTa brZolas~ ase warmogvidgens: _
`... nebiyofis analizis Sedegad vRebulobT Semdeg safexurebs:
motivebis brZolas, ukeTu adgili aqvs sxvadasxva survilebis
konfliqts; gadawyvetilebis miRebas da gadawyvetilebis
Sesrulebas.~ 99 igi iqve ganagrZobs, rom xSirad moqmedebis
Sesrulebamde `... motivi xvdeba sxva, sawinaaRmdego motivebs,
rac iwvevs motivebis brZolas (xazgasma Cemia _ i.d.),
mofiqrebas, motivebis awon-dawonas, Sefasebas da mxolod am
brZolis Semdeg, romlsac zogjer aqvs metad mwvave xasiaTi
95
ix. Петелин Б. Я. Мотивация преступного поведения. Журнал «Советское государство и
право», 1980, №4, с. 111.
96
Утевский Б.С. Вина в советском уголовном праве. М., 1950, с. 149.
97
samarTalSi. Tb., 1957, gv. 18.
98
kiknaZe d. danaSaulebrivi qcevis motivaciis sistemuri gagebisaTvis.
99
vaCeiSvili al. danaSaulis subieqturi mxare sabWoTa sisxlis
35
da dakavSirebulia mZime gancdebTan, adamiani Rebulobs
gadawyvetilebas, romelic uxsnis gzas nebisyofis saboloo
moments da gadawyvetileba moiyvaneba sisruleSi.~ 100
motivaciis procesSi, rom motivaciis faqtorTa da ara
motivTa brZolas rom aqvs adgili es TviT al. vaCeiSvilis
sityvebidanac naTlad Cans, rodesac igi motivTa brZolis
safuZvlad `survilebis konfliqts~ asaxelebs.
`motivis warmoSobas, _ wers d. kiknaZe, _ safuZvlad
udevs sxvadasxva moTxovnilebebis, interesebis, miswrafebebis,
individSi adre Camoyalibebuli sxva moqmedebaTa miznebis,
motivebis, ganwyobisa da damokidebulebebis
urTierTSepirispireba, urTierTzemoqmedeba da Tanamoqmedeba.
isini, vinc motivaciaSi monawile aRniSnul faqtorebs
aigiveben motivebTan, am etaps uwodeben motivebis brZolis
etaps. sinamdvileSi ki adgili aqvs ara motivebis, aramed
motivaciis faqtorebis brZolas, Sepirispirebas,
urTierTzemoqmedebasa da Tanamoqmedebas mocemul viTarebaSi
subieqtisaTvis yvelaze mizanSewonili da gamarTlebuli
moqmedebis garkvevisaTvis.~ 101
marTebulia b. volkovis mosazreba, rom erTi da igive
moqmedebas (umoqmedobas) gaaCnia sxvadasxva azri, Tu isini
ganpirobebulia sxvadasxva motivebiTa da miznebiT. 102
magaliTad, a-m b-s daartya da janmrTeloba naklebad mZimed
dauziana. aq Tuki a. moqmedebda mkvlelobis mizniT
mkvlelobis mcdeloba iqneba; Tu xulignuri qvena grZnobiT _
xulignoba da a.S.
`motivTa konkurencias~ aRiarebs b. teplovic: `Tu
arsebobs Sinagani dabrkoleba, mosamzadebeli stadia
motivebis brZolis xasiaTs Rebulobs, garegan dabrkolebaTa
winaSe ki igi irCevs moqmedebis saSualebebsa da xerxebs.” 103
d. kiknaZe ar eTanxmeba im mecnierTa mosazrebebs,
TiTqos adamianis gadawyvetileba da moqmedeba ganisazRvreba
ramodenime motiviT. am mosazrebis mcdaroba mdgomareobs
SemdegSi: pirveli, erT moqmedebas yovelTvis erTi motivi
aqvs. Tuki motivaciis procesSi monawile yovel faqtors,
zogjer sawinaaRmdego moqmedebis warmarTvelsac, rom hqondes
motivis Zala, moqmedeba ver ganxorcieldeba. meore, ama Tu im
moqmedebis motivi, romelic pirvelad xorcieldeba an
xorcieldeba axal pirobebSi, winaswar araa mocemuli, misi
formireba xorcieldeba motivaciis procesSi, ra drosac
xdeba sxvadasxva xelSemwyobi da xelSemSleli obieqturi da
100
vaCeiSvili al. danaSaulis subieqturi mxare sabWoTa sisxlis
101
kiknaZe d. danaSaulebrivi qcevis motivaciis sistemuri gagebisaTvis.
Jurnali “almanaxi,” spec. gamoSveba: sisxlis samarTlisa da
102
103
Теплов Б. М. Психология. М., 1949, с. 161.
36
subieqturi faqtorebis Sejereba da Sefaseba. am gziT
individi irCevs Semdgomi moqmedebis motivs. 104
ase, rom `motivTa konkurenciis~ Sesaxeb saubari
motivaciis procesis Semadgeneli elementebis bunebisa da
maTi Camoyalibebis mcdari gagebis Sedegia. motivis
warmoSobas safuZvlad udevs faqtorTa
urTierTdapirispireba da brZola. mkvlevarebi, romlebic
aigiveben motivebs motivaciis faqtorebTan, fsiqikuri
saqmianobis am safexurs gansazRvraven rogorc motivTa
brZolas. sinamdvileSi mimdinareobs ara motivTa, aramed
motivaciis faqtorTa brZola, dapirispireba, raTa mocemul
situaciasTan mimarTebiT subieqtma airCios mizanSewonili da
gamarTlebuli moqmedeba. motivaciis procesSi monawileoben
mxolod faqtorebi, xolo motivi am faqtorTa
dapirispirebisa da brZolis Sedegad miiReba. sxva moqmedebaTa
motivebic monawileoben axali konkretuli moqmedebis
mocemuli motivaciis procesSi, oRond motivaciis faqtorTa
saxiT. erT moqmedebas SeiZleba hqondes mxolod erTi
motivi. 105
vinaidan Cven motivi gvesmis rogorc sxvadasxva
subieqturi da obieqturi faqtorebis safuZvelze
Camoyalibebuli saboloo gadawyvetileba, romelic
moqmedebas an moqmedebisagan Tavis Sekavebas iwvevs, maSin
subieqtis praqtikul qcevamde motivze saubaric ki zedmetia.
am mxriv, metad sainteresoa b. xaraziSvilis msjeloba,
romlis Tanaxmadac, `SeuZlebelia vilaparakoT motivTa
brZolaze manamde, sanam nebismieri qceva ar ganxorcielebula.
Tu nebismieri qceva ara gvaqvs saxeze, maSin motivebze
laparakic zedmetia da, maSasadame, arc maT Soris `brZola~
gaimarTeba.“ 106
104
ix. Кикнадзе Д.А. Система факторов действия и развития личности. Изд. «сабчота
сакартвело», Тб., 1982 с. 123.
105 ix. iqve, gv. 151.
106
xaraziSvili b. sicruis fsiqologia (eTikur-samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi).
gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo,~ Tb., 1975, gv. 8.
37
T a v i II
motivTa da mizanTa klasifikacia
yoveli adamianis aramarto biologiuri, aramed misi
pirovnuli Tvisebebis ganumeorebloba, sazogadoebrivi
cnobierebisa da kulturis gansxvavebuli done,
Rirebulebebisadmi calkeuli individis personaluri
damokidebuleba, ganxorcielebuli qceva saSualebas iZleva
erTmaneTisagan ganvasxvavoT motivi da mizani maTi socialur-
fsiqologiuri, zneobriv-eTikuri da samarTlebrivi
TvalsazrisiT.
nebismieri mecnieruli kvleva unayofo iqneba Tu mas
TeoriulTan erTad praqtikuli daniSnuleba ar eqneba. Cvens
gansaxilvel problemasTan dakavSirebiT ismis kiTxva: aqvs Tu
ara raime praqtikuli daniSnuleba motivTa da mizanTa
klasifikacias samarTalSemoqmedebiT da samarTalgamoyenebiT
saqmianobaSi? am kiTxvaze pasuxi gzadagza unda gaeces, radgan
yoveli pasuxi Sesabamisi argumentaciiT unda iyos
nasazrdoebi.
kriminalistTa da fsiqologTa yuradReba ZiriTadad
motivTa da ara mizanTa klasifikacias exeba. aqve unda
aRiniSnos, rom sxvadasxva avtorebi motivs, moTxovnilebas,
interess da motivacias Tanabari, sinonimuri mniSvnelobiT
xmaroben, rac calke kvlevas moiTxovs. amitom Cven aq
yuradRebas ar gavamaxvilebT aRniSnul terminTa Tanabari
mniSvnelobiT gamoyenebis dasabuTebulobaze. motivTa
klasifikacia sxvadasxa poziciebidan xdeboda, rac imaze iyo
damokidebuli Tu ras gulisxmobda esa Tu is mecnieri
motivis cnebaSi da ra kuTxiT ainteresebda motivi.
magaliTad, gamoiyofa: biologiuri da socialuri, piraduli
da sazogadoebrivi, egoisturi da sazogadoebrivad
mniSvnelovani motivebi da a.S. am TavSi ganxiluli iqneba
adamianisQqcevis mamoZraveli Zalis formebisa da
Sinaarsisadmi miZRvnili cnobili fsiqologebisa da
kriminalistebis naSromebSi warmodgenili motivTa calkeuli
jgufebi.
38
$ 1. fsiqodinamikuri mimarTuleba pirovnebis
TeoriaSi: zigmund froidi
adamianis qcevis mTavar mamoZravebel Zalad zigmund

froidi (1856-1939) instinqtebs Tvlida. froidis mixedviT
sulieri cxovreba konfliqtTa dinamikaa: swored amis gamo,
misTvis ucnobi araa dualisturi principi, rasac asabuTebs
mis mier SemoTavazebuli motivTa klasifikacia.
klasifikaciaze froidi mudmivad muSaobda, Tumca ar
eswrafvoda mis dasrulebas. Tuki man 1915 wels erTmaneTs
daupirispira mes anu `TviTdacvis~ moTxovnileba (magaliTad,
SimSilis moTxovnileba) da seqsualuri miswrafeba (libido),
mogvianebiT, pirveli msoflio omiT gamowveuli
STabeWdilebebis gamo, man dasaxelebuli pirveli
moTxovnileba Secvala agresiis moTxovnilebiT. Tumca, misi
ZiriTadi kvleviTi interesebi yovelTvis Tavmoyrili iyo
farTod moazrebul seqsualur miswrafebebze. sakuTari
Semoqmedebis ukanasknel periodSi froidma erTmaneTs
daupirispira antagonisturi miswrafebani: sicocxlis (erosi)
da sikvdilis (Tanatosi) instinqti. 107
sicocxlis instinqta jgufi moicavs yvela Zalas,
romelic emsaxureba sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani procesebis
xelSewyobasa da saxeobis gamravlebas uzrunvelyofs.
pirovnebis ganviTarebaSi yvelaze arsebiTia seqsualuri
instinqtebi. seqsualur instinqtTa energiam miiRo
saxelwodeba libido (laT. _ `survili,~ `ndoma~) anu
libidos energia _ termini, romelic gamoiyeneba mTlianad
sasicocxlo instinqtTa energiis mniSvnelobiT. libido esaa
fsiqikur energiaTa garkveuli raodenoba, romelic ganmuxtvas
mxolod seqsualur qcevaSi poulobs. arsebobs ara erTi,
aramed ramodenime seqsualuri instinqti, romelTagan yoveli
dakavSirebilia sxeulis garkveul nawilTan, rasac
erogenuli zona ewodeba. garkveuli mniSvnelobiT sxeuli
warmoadgens erT did erogenul zonas, magram
fsiqoanalitikuri Teoria gansakuTrebiT gamoyofs pirs,
anuss da sasqeso organoebs. 108
meore jgufi _ sikvdilis instinqtebi _ safuZvlad
udevs sisastikis, agresiis, TviTmkvlelobisa da mkvlelobis
yvela gamovlinebas. Sopenhauzerze dayrdnobiT froidi
amtkicebda, rom `sicocxlis mizans warmoadgens sikvdili.~
amiT mas imis Tqma undoda, rom yoveli cocxali
organizmisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia im gaurkvevel
107
ix. Хайнц Хекхаузен, Мотивация и деятельность. Серия «Мастера психологии», 2-е
издание, изд. «Питер», М, С-Петербург и т.д., 2003, с. 73.
108
ix. Хьел Л., Зиглер Д., Теории личности. Серия «Мастера психологии», изд. «Питер», М,
С-Петербург и т.д., 2001, с.11 7.
39
mdgomareobaSi dabrunebis kompulsiuri miswrafeba, saidanac
isini gamovidnen. 109
amrigad, froidis fsiqoanalitikuri Teoria adamianis
qcevis Seswavlis fsiqodinamikuri midgomis Taviseburi axsnaa.
froidi Tvlida, rom gaucnobierebeli fsiqologiuri
konfliqtebi akontrolebs adamianis qcevas. froidis
koncefcia TiTqmis mTlianad agebulia nevroziT
daavadebulTa farTo klinikur dakvirvebebsa da
fsiqoanalizze. Tundac am mizezis gamo froidis Teoria ver
CaiTvleba adamianis qcevis axsnis universalur mignebad.
marTebulad unda CaiTvalos b. volkovis kritika: _ `froidi
ar uaryofda adamianisaTvis garegani mdgomareobis
mniSvnelobas, magram qcevis motivaciaSi mas arsebiTad
adgili ar dautova. froidi adamianis miswrafebebisa da
gancdebis maradiulobisa da ucvlelobidan gamodioda.
arsebiTad froidis motivaciuri Teoria dakavSirebulia
aramxolod qvecnobieris rolis gadametebasTan, aramed
pirovnebis ganviTarebis progresis uaryofasTan. igi sruliad
uaryofs motivaciis socialur aspeqts da amitom ar gaaCnia
praqtikuli mniSvneloba.~ 110
109
ix. Хьел Л., Зиглер Д., dasax naSr., gv. 117.
110
Волков Б. С., Мотивы преступлений (Уголовно-правовое, социально-психологическое
исследование), изд. Казанского университета, 1982, с. 36; dawvr. ix: Волков Б. С.,
Детерминистическая природа преступного поведения, Казан, изд. КГУ, 1975.
40
$ 2. motivTa klasifikacia TvisebaTa TeoriaSi
motivTa klasifikacias gansakuTrebuli yuradReba

eTmoba fsiqologiis erT-erTi mimarTulebis, TvisebaTa
Teoriis warmomadgenelTa naSromebSi, romlebic qcevis axsnis
pirovnuli midgomiskenaa orientirebuli. rodesac situacia
ganixileba rogorc erTgvarovani an saerTod ignorirebulia,
individualuri gansxvavebani friad TvalSi sacemia. swored
es gansxvavebani aixsneboda dispoziciaTa sxvadasxva xarisxiT
gamoxatvis meSveobiT. ase warmoiSva TvisebaTa Teoria,
romlis farglebSic motivaciis fsiqologiis axsnis
originalur midgomebs vxvdebiT.
a) TvisebaTa intuiciur-xasiaTuri moZRvreba: filip

lerSi
TvisebaTa intuiciur-xasiaTuri moZRvreba ganxilvis

ori perspeqtivis Tavisebur sinTezs warmoadgens. erTi mxriv,
esaa fenomenologiuri TviTdakvirvebis perspeqtiva, romelic
saSualebas iZleva gavmijnoT gancdebis saxeebi da inventarSi
SevitanoT `patara agurebis~ saxiT, riTac aigeba pirovnebis
struqtura. meore mxriv, dispoziciaTa amgvari agurebis saxiT
ganxilvas, romelTa gamoxatulebis xarisxi sxvadasxva
individebs sxvadasxva aqvT, es Teoria mihyavs ganxilvis sxva
perspeqtivasTan _ garegani dakvirvebis aRmoCenasTan. TviT
subiqtis mier erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli gancdili
miswrafebebi gamoyofis Sedegad iqceva dispoziciebad anu
`SedarebiT ucvlel, sxvadasxva adamianebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel gansxvavebul ganwyobebad.~ 111
am mimarTulebis saxelovani warmomadgenlis filip
lerSis mier mocemuli gancdili zraxvebis motivaciur
klasifikacias zogadanTropologiuri safuZveli gaaCnia.
gancdili miswrafebebis arsia `moZravi formebi, romelSic
adamianuri yofiereba TviTrealizebas eswrafvis.~ filip
lerSi ganasxvavebs amgvari miswrafebebis sam jgufs:
pirveli moicavs `vitaluri yofierebis~ gancdil
miswrafebebs. masSi Sedis `cxovrebis SegrZneba mis
uSualobaSi, pirveladobasa da miznis dinamikur
miswrafebaSi.~ aqve igulisxmeba saqmianobisaken, tkbobisaken
midrekileba, libido da axali STabeWdilebebis
moTxovnileba;
meore jgufi moicavs ìndividualur mes~ gancdil
miswrafebebs.~ adamiani valdebulia `warmarTos sakuTri
arseboba... rogorc erT-erT uamrav arsebaTaganma.~ am jgufs
miekuTvneba TviTdacvis moTxovnileba, egoizmi,
Zalauflebisaken mimarTuli neba, mizidulobis done,
111
Хайнц Хекхаузен, dasax. naSr., gv. 112.
41
mniSvnelobisken miswrafeba, aRiarebis moTxovnileba
TviTpativiscemisaken midrekileba;
da bolos, mesame jgufi gulisxmobs
àraindividualuri yofierebis~ gancdil miswrafebebs. ìgi
mimarTulia samyaroSi Tanamonawileobisaken, magram ara misi
dauflebis, TavisTvis survilis gagebiT, aramed
individualuri mes samyarosTan mikuTvnebis gagebiT, risi
wyalobiTac wonaswordeba cnobierebis gankerZoebuloba,~ rac
vlindeba `...kiTxvebis dasmasa da Sens gareT masze pasuxebis
Ziebis miswrafebaSi.~ am jgufs miekuTvneba adamianuri
monawileoba, SemoqmedebiTi Tanamonawileoba (nayofieri
Semoqmedebisaken swrafva), SemecnebiTi Tanamonawileoba
(interesebi), sasiyvarulo Tanamonawileoba, valdebulebani
(movaleoba), gandgomili Tanamonawileoba (mxatvruli
moTxovnileba, metafizikuri moTxovnileba, religiuri
Ziebani). 112
b) motivTa klasifikacia instinqtTa safuZvelze:

uiliam mak-daugoli
TvisebaTa ganviTarebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia

mak-daugols (McDougall). raimond b. ketelis motivaciis
fsiqologiis aRwerilobiTma sistemam garkveulwilad
safuZveli daudo 20-e saukuneSi popularul, mak-daugolis
mier SemoTavazebul qcevis formaTa ganmartebiT
klasifikacias. mak-daugilis mcdeloba pirveli iyo, raTa
yvela qceva motivaciuri dispoziciis farglebSi Seekriba. im
droisaTvis motivaciuri dispoziciis nacvlad sayovelTaod
gamoiyeneboda ara motivis, aramed instinqtis cneba.
ramdenadac termini instinqti gaafTrebul devnas ganicdida
da qcevis, romelic ZiriTadad Tandayolili motivaciuri
dispoziciebiT ganisazRvreboda, mcdari axsnis safuZvels
iZleoda, mak-daugoli instinqtis nacvlad mogvianebiT
xmarobda termins `midrekileba~ (propensity). Tumca, misi
Sinaarsi TiTqmis ar Seicvala, garda imisa, rom aRiniSna
gansxvaveba dispoziciasa (propensity) da funqcias (tendency)
Soris, razec metyvelebs Semdegi citata mak-daugolis
ukanaskneli naSromidan: `midrekileba aris dispozicia,
saerTo fsiqikuri organizaciis erTeuli, romelic, SemdgomSi
gaaqtiurebuli, warmoSobs aqtiur tendencias, miswrafebas
(striving), impulss anu midrekilebas (drive) romelime miznisken.
112
ix. Хайнц Хекхаузен, cit. dasax. naS. mix. gv. 114: Lersch, PL. (1951). Aufbau der
Person (4.Aufl. von Aufbau des Charakters. Lleipzig: barth, 1938). München: Barth.
42
cnobierad zeaRmatebuli miznisaken mimarTuli aseTi
tendencia aris survili (desire).~ 113
zogierTma midrekilebam SeiZleba sinTezi ganicados
e.w. grZnobaSi (sentiments), romelic ganpirobebulia
gamocdilebiT da kognitur-emociuri Sefasebis SeswavliT,
romelic dakavSirebulia sagnebTan da garemoebebTan
urTierTobasTan. magaliTad, mamulis aRqmasa da SefasebaSi
monawileobs mravali midrekileba. mak-daugoli
midrekilebaTa anu instinqtTa magvari motivaciuri
dispoziciebis (propensity) Semdeg variants warmogvidgens,
sadac yovel emocias sakuTari instinqti (midrekileba)
Seesabameba:
1. sakvebis mopoveba. sakvebis Zieba (da, SesaZlebelia,
Segroveba);
2. zizRi. garkveuli saziano nivTierebebis miuRebloba
da maTTvis Tavis arideba:
3. seqsualuroba. arSiyoba da saqorwino
urTierTobebi;
4. SiSi. gaqceva da gulSi Cadeba travmis, tkivilisa da
tanjvis miyenebis an aseTi zemoqmedebiT muqaris
sapasuxod;
5. cnobismoyvareoba. ucnobi adgilebisa da sagnebis
gamokvleva;
6. mfarveloba da mSobliuri mzrunveloba. patarebis
gamokveba, dacva da Sefareba;
7. urTierToba. Seni donis sazogadoebaSi yofna, xolo
martoobisas aseTi sazogadoebis Zieba;
8. TviTdamtkiceba. dominireba, lideroba,
garSemomyofTaTvis sakuTari Tavis damtkiceba da
demonstracia;
9. damorCileba. daTmoba, yuris dagdeba, mibaZva,
damorCileba imisadmi, vinc zeaRmatebuli Zalis
demonstrirebas axdens;
10. mrisxaneba. aRSfoTeba da yovelive im dabrkolebis
anu Seferxebis ZaladobiT Tavidan acileba,
romelic xels uSlis yvela sxva tendenciis
Tavisufal ganxorcielebas;
11. daxmarebisaken mowodeba. daxmarebis aqtiurad
Txovna im SemTxvevaSi Tu Cveni Zalisxmeva sruli
warumateblobiT mTavrdeba;
12. Seqmna. TavSesafrisa da Sromis iaraRebis Seqmna;
13. gamomgonebloba. yovelive imis gamogoneba, daufleba
da dacva, rac Cven sasargeblod an ratomRac
mimzidvelad gveCveneba;
14. sicili. Cveni garSemomyofi adamianebis
naklovanebaTa da warumateblobaTa sacinad agdeba;
113
Хайнц Хекхаузен, cit. dasax. naS. mix. gv. 124: McDougall, W. (1932). The energies of
men. London: Methuen.
43
15. komforti. imis gamosworeba an Tavidan acileba, rac
diskomforts iwvevs: magaliTad, mofxana an pozis,
adgilsamyofelis Secvla;
16. dasveneba da Zili. daRlilobisas gaunZrevlobis,
dasvenebisa da Zilisaken midrekileba;
17. mawanwaloba. gadaadgileba axal STabeWdilebaTa
saZieblad;
18. primitiul midrekilebaTa jgufi, romelic
emsaxureba iseT sxeulebriv saWiroebebs, rogoricaa
xveleba, dacemineba, sunTqva, defakacia. 114
pirveli da umTavresi, rac aseTi klasifikaciisas
TvalSi sacemia motivTa klasifikaciis kriteriumebis
SerCevis problemaa. marTebulad svams sakiTxs h. hekhauzeni:
„ratomaa swored amdeni da ara naklebi an meti motivaciuri
dispoziciebi? sakmaod bevri saerTo xom ar aqvT „daxmarebis
Ziebas“ (11) da „damorCilebas“ (9)? xom araa „mawanwalobisaken
miswrafeba“ (17) „cnobismoyvareobis“ (5) erT-erTi
gamovlineba? 115 Tu am TvalsazrisiT davukvirdebiT mocemul
klasifikacias, davinaxavT, rom igi xelovnuradaa gazrdili.
sruliad SesaZlebelia, magaliTad, sakvebis mopovebisaken
swrafva (1) SiSis instinqtiT (4) iyos nakarnaxebi; anda
urTierTobis (7) erT-erT gamovlinebad SeiZleba mogvevlinos
TviTdamtkiceba (8) da a.S.
mak-daugolis klasifikaciis Sesaxeb d. uznaZe
SeniSnavs: _ `sakmarisia Tvali gadavavloT am klasifikacias,
raTa im wamsve SevamCnioT, rom aq zogi ram instinqtad aris
dasaxelebuli, rac araviTar SemTxvevaSi instinqts ar
warmoadgens da zogi ram _ emociad, rac emociad ar
CaiTvleba. es imiT aixsneba, rom mak-daugolis klasifikacias
TviTon amosavali punqti aqvs mcdari. sruliad
Seuwynarebelia, adamianis emociuri cxovreba, rac egoden
mWidrodaa mis socialur ganviTrebasTan dakavSirebuli,
instinqtebze iqnes dayvanili da misi ganviTarebis yoveli
SesaZlebloba sruliad uaryofili iqnes. mak-daugolis am
Sexedulebis mixedviT gamodis, TiTqos adamianis emociebi,
misi instinqtebis msgavsad, erTxel da samudamod iyos
mocemuli da maTi Secvla SeuZlebeli iyos.~ 116
114
ix. Хайнц Хекхаузен, cit. dasax. naS. mix. gv. 124-125.
115
ix. iqve, gv. 124.
116
44
g) motivTa klasifikacia pirovnebisa da garemos
urTierTobaTa safuZvelze: henri a. miurei
sityva „instinqti“ me-20 saukunis 30-iani wlebidan aRar

gamoiyeneboda motivaciuri dispoziciebis aRsaniSnavad. misi
adgili daikava miswrafebisa da moTxovnilebis cnebebma.
magram mak-daugolis mier SemoTavazebuli da ketelis
katalogis faqtoruli analizis daxmarebiT miRebuli
instinqtTa nusxis gverdiT gakeTda kidev erTi seriozuli da
motivTa ganzomilebasTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli maTi
klasifikaciis mcdeloba. esaa miureis mier SemoTavazebuli
moTxovnilebaTa (needs) nusxa. miureis naSromi „pirovnebis
gamokvleva“ warmoadgens rigi seriozuli mimarTulebebis
gadakveTis wertils, riTac viTardeboda motivaciis
fsiqologia, saxeldobr, mimarTulebebi, romelic saTaves
iRebs mak-daugolis, froidisa da levinisagan. mis
SemoqmedebaSi subieqti gagebulia rogorc aqtiuri organizmi,
romelic ara mxolod reagirebs situaciis zewolaze, aramed
aqtiurad eZebs an qmnis kidevac mas. magram nebismier
SemTxvevaSi igi, moqmedebs ra Sesabamisi saxiT, iTvisebs
aqtualuri situaciis Secvlis SesaZlebel Sedegebs sakuTari
moTxovnilebebis prizmis gavliT. 117
organizmi (pirovneba) da aTvisebuli situacia qmnis
urTierTmoqmedebis erTeuls urTierTganpirobebulobis
TvalsazrisiT. centralur urTierTTmimarTebiT cnebebad
gvevlineba moTxovnileba (need) pirovnebis mxridan da
zegavlena (press) situaciis mxridan. moTxovnileba da
zegavlena uSualo dakvirvebas ar eqvemdebareba, isini
miRebuli unda iqnes daskvniT; eseni aRwerilobiTi cnebebi ki
araa, aramed hipoTeturi konstruqtebia. „moTxovnilebis“
cnebis Sinaarsi (igi sxvaTaSoris araa gancalkevebuli
miswrafebis cnebisagan) ganisazRvreba „pirovneba-garemos“
urTierTobis sasurveli miznobrivi mdgomareobiT, xolo
„zegavlena“ _ situaciis miznobrivi mdgomareobidan,
romelzec SeiZleba imedis damyareba an romelsac unda
veridoT. moTxovnileba da zegavlena Sinaarsobrivad
erTmaneTs Seesabameba: zegavlena aqtualurs xdis Sesabamis
moTxovnilebas, xolo moTxovnileba eZebs Sesabamis
situacias. moTxovnilebasa da situacias Soris
urTierTqmedebas, maT Sinaarsobriv Sejvarebas Tema (thema)
ewodeba (aqedan _ Tematuri aperceptuli testi). swored Temaa
aqtiurobis nakadis namdvili erTeuli. yoveli epizodi
xasiaTdeba TemiT, moqmedebaTa mizanmimarTuli
TanmimdevrulobiT. 118
117
ix. Хайнц Хекхаузен, dasax. naS., gv.126.
118
ix. iqve, gv. 127.
45
miureis mier SemoTavazebuli fsiqogenur
moTxovnilebaTa nusxa laTinuri anbanis mixedviT
Semdegnairad gamoiyureba:
1. Abasement damcireba;
2. Achievemant miRweva;
3. Affiliation afilacia;
4. Aggression agresia;
5. Aautonomy damoukidebloba;
6. Counteraction winaaRmdegoba;
7. Deference pativiscema;
8. Defendance dacva;
9. Dominance dominireba;
10. Exhibition yuradRebis mipyroba vinmesgan;
11. Harmavoidance zianisaTvis Tavis arideba;
12. Infavoidance warumateblobisaTvis Tavis
arideba;
13. Nurturance mfarveloba;
14. Order wesrigi;
15. Play TamaSi;
16. Rejection miuRebloba;
17. Sentience gaazreba;
18. Sex seqsualuri urTierTobebi;
19. Succorance daxmarebis (damokidebulebis)
Zebna;
20. Understanding gageba.
„moTxovnilebis“ cnebas miurei iyenebs rogorc
dispoziciuri, ise funqciuri cvlilebis TvalTaxedviT.
rogorc motivaciuri dispoziciebi „moTxovnilebebis“
klasifikacia SeiZleba sxvadasxva safeZvelze. pirvel rigSi,
SeiZleba gamoiyos pirveladi (viscenogenuri) moTxovnilebani
da meoradi (fsiqogenuri) moTxovnilebani. pirveladi
moTxovnilebani meoradisagan gansxvavebiT efuZneba organul
procesebs da warmoiSoba an ciklurad (sakvebi) an
regulaciis aucileblobasTan dakavSirebiT (sicivisaTvis
Tavis arideba). meore rigSi, moTxovnilebani SeiZleba daiyos
pozitiurad (Zieba) da negatiurad (Tavis arideba), aSkarad da
latenturad. aSkara moTxovnilebani Tavisuflad da
obieqturad mJRavndeba garegnul qcevaSi, latenturi ki
mJRavndeba saTamaSo moqmedebebSi (naxevrad obieqturad) an
fantaziebSi (subieqturad). garkveul situaciebSi calkeuli
moTxovnilebani SeiZleba gaerTiandes qcevis motivaciaSi an
konfliqti warmoiSvas maT Soris anda erTmaneTs
daeqvemdebaros da a.S.“ 119
119
Хайнц Хекхаузен, cit. dasax. naS. mix. gv. 128.
46
d) motivTa klasifikaciis ierarqiuli modeli: abraham
maslou
meore msoflio omis Semdeg evropuli

egzistencializmis gavleniT Camoyalibda humanisturi
fsiqologia anu personologiis mesame da yvelaze axali
mimarTuleba. am mimarTulebis warmomadgenlebi sakuTar Tavs
„mesame Zalad“ miiCneven, romelic iswrafvis gaTavisufldes
wminda bihevioristuli an fsiqoanalitikuri calmxrivi
midgomisagan da pirovnebis Seswavlis centrSi daayenos
RirebulebiTi orientaciisa da cxovrebis azris sakiTxebi. am
mimarTulebis mamamTavari abraham horald maslou (1908_1970)
motivaciaze saubrisas aRniSnavda, rom adamianis yvela
moTxovnileba Tandayolilia da isini organizebulia
prioritetis anu dominirebis ierarqiul sistemaSi.
moTxovnilebaTa ierarqiis aRniSnuli koncefcia adamianis
motivaciaSi gulisxmobs imas, rom pirvel adgilze
moTavsebuli dominirebuli moTxovnileba, ase Tu ise
dakmayofilebuli unda iyos, vidre adamiani SeZlebs
gaacnobieros Semdgomi moTxovnileba da am ukanaskneli
moTxovnilebiT iqneba motivirebuli. 120
abraham maslous mier warmodgenili modeli yvelaze
srulad Camoyalibebulia wignSi „motivacia da pirovneba.“ igi
winaaRmdegi iyo motivTa klasifikaciis, ramdenadac, misi,
azriT, miswrafebaTa da moTxovnilebaTa CamoTvla Teoriuli
mimarTebiT unayofoa. miuxedavad amisa, man Seqmna motivTa
sakuTari klasifikacia. motivTa ierarqiaSi yvelaze dabal
safexurze myof pirvelad moTxovnilebas mosdevs ufro
maRali, meore donis moTxovnileba da a.S.:
1. fiziologiuri moTxovnilebani (physiological needs):

SimSili, wyurvili, seqsualuroba a.S.;
2. usafrTxoebis moTxovnilebani (safety needs): tkivilisagan,
SiSisagan, risxvisagan, mouwyoblobisagan dacva;
3. socialuri urTierTobebis anu mikuTvnebisa (wevrobis)
da siyvarulis moTxovnilebani (needs for belongingnees and
love): siyvarulis, sinazis, socialuri mierTebis,
idenTifikaciis moTxovnilebebi;
4. TviTpativiscemis moTxovnilebani (esteem needs): miRwevis,
aRiarebis, mowonebis moTxovnilebani;
5. TviTaqtualizaciis anu piradi srulyofis
moTxovnilebani (self-actualization needs): sakuTari
SesaZleblobebisa da unaris realizacia; gagebisa da
gaazrebis moTxovnileba.
maslous mixedviT, magaliTad, TviTaqtualizacia
mxolod maSin SeiZleba gaxdes qcevis motivi, Tu danarCeni
moTxovnilebani dakmayofilebulia. sxvadasxva ierarqiuli
120
ix. Хьел Л., Зиглер Д., dasax. naS., gv. 487-488.
47
donis moTxovnilebaTa konfliqtisas imarjvebs qveda
moTxovnileba. 121 igi motivTa am ierarqiuli ganlagebidan
uSvebda gamonakliss. magaliTad, arseboben adamianebi,
romelTa faseulobani, idealebi imdenad Zlieria, rom isini
mzad arian gadaitanon SimSili an wyurvili an mokvdnen,
vidre uari ganacxadon maTze. amasTan, adamians zogjer
SeuZlia sakuTari biografiis Taviseburebidan gamomdinare
Seqmnas moTxovnilebaTa sakuTari ierarqia. magaliTad,
adamianebs SeuZliaT ufro meti prioriteti mianiWon
pativiscemis moTxovnilebas da ara siyvarulisa da
mikuTvnebis moTxovnilebas. aseT adamianebs ufro ainteresebT
prestiJi da samsaxurSi dawinaureba, vidre intimuri
urTierTobani da ojaxi. ase rom, yoveli moTxovnileba mis
SemdgomTan SedarebiT ufro Zlieri da prioritetulia. 122
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom moTxovnilebani, romlebic
Cndeba ierarqiaSi, warmoiSoba mudmivad. adamianebi ara
ubralod ikmayofileben moTxovnilebebs erTmaneTis
miyolebiT, aramed erTdroulad nawilobriv ikmayofileben da
nawilobriv ar ikmayofileben maT. mniSvneloba ara aqvs
adamianma moTxovnilebaTa Tu romel tips miaRwia: Tu
SedarebiT winmdgomi moTxovnileba aRaraa dakmayofilebuli,
adamiani daubrundeba mocemul dones da darCeba iq, manam es
moTxovnilebani sakmarisad ar iqneba dakmayofilebuli. 123
maslou motivTa sakuTar ierarqiul koncefcias
umatebs da gamoyofs motivTa or globalur kategorias:
pirveli, deficituri (deficiency needs) motivebi, romelsac igi
saWiroebebs uwodebs. esaa dabali moTxovnilebani, rogoricaa,
vTqvaT, SimSili, wyurvili da a.S.; meore, ganviTarebis
motivebi, romelsac maslou ganviTarebis moTxovnilebebs
(growth needs) uwodebs. aq igulisxmeba maRali moTxovnilebani.
magaliTad, TviTaqtualizacia.
deficituri motivebisagan gansxvavebiT ganviTarebis
motivebs (maT agreTve uwodeben metamoTxovnilebebs da
yofierebiT motivebs) gaaCnia Soreuli miznebi, romelic
dakavSirebulia Cveni potencialis aqtualurad gaxdis
miswrafebasTan. ganviTarebis motivacia gulisxmobs
Tvalsawieris gafarToebas. magaliTad, studenti, romelic
irCevs organuli qimiis kurss mxolod imitom, rom
gaifarToos sakuTari cnobiereba, umeteswilad, axdens
yofierebiTi motivaciis demonstrirebas deficituri tipis
motivaciasTan SedarebiT. ra Tqma unda, igi ar dainteresdeba
organuli qimiiT, Tu kvdeba SimSiliT. maslou sabolood
midis daskvnamde, rom ganviTarebis motivebi aqtualuri xdeba
121
ix. Хайнц Хекхаузен, dasax. naS. gv. 131.
122
123
ix. iqve, 489.
48
ZiriTadad mas Semdeg, rac sakmarisi raodenobiT
dakmayofilebulia deficituri motivebi. 124
h. hekhauzenis azriT, maslous mier SemoTavazebul
motivTa klasifikaciis popularoba misma gansakuTrebulobam
moutana. `pirveli, maslou ganasxvavebs ara calkeul
motivebs, aramed maT mTel jgufebs. meore, es jgufebi
dalagebulia RirebulebaTa ierarqiis mixedviT pirovnebis
ganviTarebaSi maTi rolis Sesabamisad. vidre moTxovnileba
dakmayofilebuli araa, igi axdens moqmedebis gaaqtiurebas da
gavlenas axdens masze. maslous klasifikaciis ZiriTadi idea
aris motivTa aqtualizaciis SedarebiTi prioriteti
(xazgasma Cemia _ i.d.), romlis Tanaxmadac, vidre gaaqtiurdeba
da daiwyeba ufro maRali doneebis moTxovnilebaTa qcevis
gamomJRavneba, unda dakmayofildes dabali donis
moTxovnilebani.~ 125
$ 3. motivTa klasifikacia rusul da qarTul

sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSi
sabWoTa periodis sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSi

motivTa klasifikacias qarTveli kriminalistebidan
gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT exeba b. xaraziSvili. igi
ganixilavs ra, e.w. `burJuaziul~ kriminalistTa naSromebs,
midis daskvnamde, rom maT mier SemoTavazebul motivTa
klasifikacias safuZvlad SefasebiTi kriteriumi udevs,
romelic samarTlis an zneobis normebidan gamomdinareobs.
amgvari kriteriumi SeiZleba iyos: normatiuli (feri),
Rirebuleba (krausi) da sxv. 126
b. xaraxiSvilis mosazrebiT sabWoTa iuridiul
literaturaSi motivTa klasifikaciis sakiTxi pirvelad a.
gercenzonma daayena. 127 Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom a.
gercenzonze adre, jer kidev gasuli saukunis 20-ian wlebSi
sabWoTa iuridiul literaturaSi danaSaulis motivTa
klasifikacia pirvalad g. feldSteinma scada. 128
motivTa klasifikaciis problematikaSi b. xaraziSvili
upiratesobas qcevis fsiqologiur arss aniWebs. `qcevis
124
125
Хайнц Хекхаузен, dasax. naS. gv. 130-131.
126
изд. «Цодна», Тб. 1963, с. 52-57.
127
ix. iqve, gv. 57.
128
ix. Фельдштейн Г. С. Уголовное право и психология. Роль мотива в уголовном праве.
Право и жизнь, кн. 6, 1925, с.55.
49
fsiqologiuri mxare sxva araferia Tu ara subieqtis
garemosTan (sazogadoebasTan) konkretuli urTierTobebi. igi
warmoadgens am realur fsiqikur urTierTobebSi gamoxatul
niSanTa erTobliobas, romelic unda dadgindes, radgan
SesaZlebeli gaxdes qcevis Sefaseba.~ 129
b. xaraziSvili sifrTxiles iCens da marTebulad
aRniSnavs, rom ramdenadac SeuZlebelia yoveli mosalodneli
qcevis gaTvaliswineba da mis kvalobaze motivTa saxeobrivi
(xazgasma Cemia _ i.d.) klasifikacia, amdenad motivTa
klasifikacias safuZvlad gvareobiTi niSani unda daedos. 130
pirvel jgufSi (gvarSi) b. xaraziSvili aerTianebs
ideur movlenebTan dakavSirebul nebelobiTi qcevis motivebs.
am jgufis socialuri Sefasebisas igi gamodis adamianis
qcevis klasobrivi arsidan, ris Sedegadac amgvari motivebi
SeiZleba iyos amaRlebuli an misi sawinaaRmdego xasiaTis
(magaliTad, klasobrivi siZulvili, kerZo sakuTrebisadmi
simpatiis motivi da a.S.). 131
ideur movlenebTan dakavSirebuli movlenebi iyofa
saerTosocialur da pirad motivebad. saerTosocialuri
motivebi dakavSirebulia ganyenebuli xasiaTis movlenebTan,
magram zogjer movlenis formiT SeiZleba daemTxves pirad
motivebs. magaliTad, eWvianoba, Suri da a.S. ufro zustad,
SinaarsiT zogjer saerTosocialur xasiaTs atarebs.
saerTosocialuri motivebi SeiZleba agreTve iyos: a)
moralur-politikuri motivebi (klasobrivi interesebi,
klasobrivi an rasobrivi siZulvili da a.S.); b) motivebi,
romlebic dakavSirebulia esTetikur moTxovnilebebTan,
interesebTan, midrekilebebTan da gemovnebasTan; g) religiuri
mrwamsis motivebi da gvarovnul yofa-cxovrebis
gadmonaSTebTan dakavSirebuli motivebi. 132
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, ideur movlenebTan
dakavSirebuli motivebis qvejgufad b. xaraziSvili asaxelebs
piradi xasiaTis motivebs, romelic SefasebiTi kategoriis
ori sawinaaRmdego formiTaa warmodgenili: a) qvena motivebi:
egoisturi xasiaTis motivebi (karierizmi, Suri, eWvi,
SurisZieba, upativcemuloba, sixarbe da a.S.); angarebiTi
motivebi; b) araqvena motivebi: araegoisturi motivebi,
romelic gamoxatulia pirovnebis komunikatur TvisebebSi
(momWirneoba, guluxvoba, sijiute, Tavmoyvareobis grZnoba,
sizarmace, sibraluli da a.S.); ganwyobidan gamomdinare
motivebi (siamovneba, usiamovneba, ukmayofileba, kmayofileba,
sixaruli, wyena, sevda da a.S.); araangarebiTi materialuri
dainteresebis motivebi (Semosavlis interesi da a.S.);
afeqturi xasiaTis motivebi (Zlieri sulieri aRelveba, SiSi
da a.S.); sxva interesebisa da moTxovnilebebis motivebi
129
Харазишвили Б. В. dasax. naS., gv. 58.
130
ix. iqve, gv. 58.
131
ix. iqve, gv. 59.
132
50
(sportuli interesi, vitalur moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofileba,
garkveuli moqmedebisaken daintereseba da a.S.). 133
meore jgufi moicavs sagnobrvi xasiaTis motivebs
(sagnebiT daintereseba). samwuxarod, b. xaraziSvili am jgufis
motivTa gvarebiTi cnebis dasaxelebiT Semoifargleba. 134
kriminalistTa da fsiqologTa umetesobis msgavsad
mxolod motivis (da ara masTan erTad miznis) klasifikacias
dawvrilebiT exeba b. volkovi. igi xedavs ra mocemuli
problemis sirTules, marTebulad SeniSnavs, rom qcevis
motivebi èrTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba udidesi
mravalferovnebiT, rogorc socialur-fsiqologiuri da
sagnobrivi SinaarsiT, ise zneobriv-eTikuri da samarTlebrivi
SefasebiT. gansxvavebulad gamoxataven pirovnebis socialur
da biologiur sawyisebs da araerTgvarovan rols asruleben
mis struqturaSi. gansxvavdebian isini pirovnebis qcevaze
kauzaluri zemoqmedebis xarisxiTac. erTni gansxvavdebian
didi cvalebadobiT, xolo meoreni _ naklebiT. yovelive es,
erTi mxriv, sakmaod arTulebs motivTa klasifikacias da,
meore mxriv, _ am problemis gadaWraSi gansxvavebuli
urTierTsawinaaRmdego tendenciebis warmoSobis erT-erTi
mizezTagania.~ 135
danaSaulis motivebi sakmaod mravalferovania, ris
gamoc maT ar gaaCniaT erTgvarovani mniSvneloba. motivTa
erTi nawili mniSvnelovan moralur aRSfoTebas iwvevs, xolo
meore garkveulwilad misatevebels xdis qmedebis
sazogadoebriv saSiSroebas, amsubuqebs brals da piris
pasuxismgeblobas; maT SeiZleba hqondes uaRresad piradi
xasiaTi, romelic egoizmisa da individualizmis gamovlinebis
gansakuTrebuli formaa, anda ganisazRvreba piris klasobrivi
mikuTvnebulobiT da a.S. am TvalsazrisiT motivTa
klasifikacias aramarto SemecnebiTi, aramed udidesi
praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs, radgan igi saSualebas iZleva
davakonkretoT danaSulobis mizezebi, samarTlianad
SevufardoT msjavrdebuls sasjeli da misi moxdis
Sesabamisi pirobebi, ganvsazRvroT Tu ramdenad
mizanSewonilia motivis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis ama Tu
im muxlis dispoziciaSi Setana. 136
b. volkovis azriT, motivTa klasifikacias safuZvlad
maTi socialur-fsiqologiuri da zneobriv-eTikuri Sefaseba
unda daedos, romlis kvlobazec gamoiyofa motivTa sami
jgufi: 1) klasobrivi, ideur-politikuri xasiaTis motivebi; 2)
133
ix. Харазишвили Б. В. dasax. naS. gv. 62-63.
134
ix. iqve, gv. 63.
135
Волков Б.С. Мотивы преступлений (Уголовно-правовое, социально-психологическое
136
университета, 1965, с. 95-96.
51
qvena motivebi, romlebic egoizmis gamovlinebis sxvadasxva
formebad gvevlineba; 3) qvena Sinaarsis armqone motivebi. 137
pirveli jgufis motivebi gulisxmobs piris ganzraxvis
klasobriv xasiaTs, mis damokidebulebas saxelmwifo da
sazogadoebrivi wyobisadmi da a.S. motivTa meore jgufs ufro
didi mniSvneloba eniWeba, radgan isini mWidrodaa
dakavSirebuli pirovnebasTan da iZleva misi individualur-
fsiqologiuri Tvisebebisa da Taviseburebebis daxasiaTebas.
aRniSnuli motivebi ufro xSirad pasuxismgeblobis
damamZimebel garemoebebs warmoadgens. aseTebia, magaliTad,
angareba, xulignuri zraxva, Suri, eWvi, pativmoyvareoba da
sxv. araqvena Sinaarsis motivebi ki, marTalia, danaSaulis
Cadenis mizezad ar gvevlineba, Tumca sapatioa an TviT
dazaralebulis aramarTlzomieri moqmedebis gamo, an sxva
piradi Tu obieqturi xasiaTis garemoebebis gamo. magaliTad,
dazaralebulisadmi sibraluli, TanagrZnoba, gansakuTrebiT
rTuli piradi Tu ojaxuri urTierTobebiT ganpirobebuli
motivebi da a.S. aRniSnuli bunebis motivebi xSirad
danaSaulis Semamsubuqebel garemoebebad gvevlineba. 138
mesame jgufis motivebTan dakavSirebiT b. volokovis
azri arasworia, TiTqos isini danaSaulis mizezebad ar
gvevlineba an sapatioa. Tu romelime aRniSnul motivTagan
danaSaulis mizezi araa an sapatioa, maSin danaSaulis
motivze arc SeiZleba saubari. ufro marTebulia Tu vityviT,
rom amgvari motivebi brals amsubuqebs, rasac iqve misi ufro
damajerebel mosazrebaSi afiqsirebs: araqvena Sinaarsis
`motivTa umetesoba miTiTebulia rsfsr sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 38-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul garemoebaTa ricxvSi,
romlebic erTobliobaSi sxva pirobebTan erTad amsubuqebs
sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas.~ 139
a. rarogi marTebulad edaveba b. volkovs motivTa
klasifikaciis sakiTxSi. misi azriT, politikuri motivebis
calke gamoyofis dasabuTeba problematuria, radgan isini ar
SeiZleba mivakuTnoT arc qvena xasiaTis da arc qvena Sinaarss
moklebul motivebs, rac araa gamarTlebuli. 140
b. volkovi iZleva motivTa klasifikaciis sxva
modelsac, romelsac sisxlissamarTlebrivi da
kriminologiuri mniSvneloba aqvs. kerZod, aseT
maklasificirebel niSnad gvevlineba garemoeba, romelic xazs
usvams motivis pirovnebasTan, mis RirebulebiT orientaciasa
da ganwyobasTan kavSirs. amasTan, yuradReba unda mieqces
Semdegs: _ mamoZravebeli miswrafebani SemTxveviT warmoiSva
Tu isini uSualodaa dakavSirebuli pirovnebis
137
138
139
140
ix. Рарог А.И. Субъективная сторона и квалификация преступлений. М., 2001, с. 68.
52
TaviseburebebTan, Sedis Tu ara mis struqturaSi. am
safuZvlis mixedviT motivebi iyofa: mdgrad da situaciur
motivebad. mdgradi motivebia, magaliTad, eWvianoba, angareba,
Suri, SurisZiebis zogierTi saxe da a.S. rac Seexeba
situaciur motivebs, aq gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba
konkretul cxovrebiseul situacias. amasTan,
gasaTvaliswinebelia pirovnuli Taviseburebani. magaliTad,
mZime Seuracxyofas SeuZlia Selaxos nebismieri adamianis
pativi da Rirseba, magram yvela ar vardeba aseTi SemTxvevisas
Zlieri sulieri aRelvebis mdgomareobaSi da ar Cadis
danaSauls. 141
rsfsr sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaze
dayrdnobiT b. volkovi danaSulTa motivebs or jgufad yofs:
1) qvena motivebi da araqvena Sinaarsis motivebi. magaliTad,
ssr kavSirisa da mokavSire respublikebis sisxlis samarTlis
kanonmdeblobis 1958 wlis safeZvlebis 33-e muxli
damamZimebel garemoebaTa ricxvSi asaxelebs angarebiT da
sxva qvena grZnobebs; 2) piradi xasiaTis motivebi da yvela
sxva motivebi, romelsac uaRresad piraduli azri da
mniSvneloba ar gaaCnia. piradi xasiaTis motivebi adamianis
metismetad individualur interesebsa da miswrafebebs
gamoxatavs. sxva arapiradi xasiaTis motivebs, upirveles
yovlisa, miekuTvneba yalbad gagebuli aucileblobis
motivebi. ZiriTadad, esaa dawesebulebis, sawarmosa da
organizaciis yalbad gagebuli interesebi (namdvili da
moCvenebiTi). Tumca, `yalbad gagebuli aucileblobis motivebi
ar iqneba marTebuli Tu mxolod dawesebulebis, sawarmosa da
organizaciis yalbad gagebul interesebSi iqneba
gaerTianebuli.~ 142
sxva motivebs miekuTvneba nebismieri motivi, romelic
ar moicavs piradi gamorCenisa da piradi dakmayofilebis
miswrafebas. amitom, yalbad gagebuli aucileblobis
motivebiT Cadenil danaSaulTa subieqtebi SeiZleba iyvnen
aramarto Tanamdebobis, aramed sxva pirebic. magaliTad,
altruizmis motivebi, motivebi, romlebic warmoiSoba yalbad
gagebuli sxva pirebisa Tu saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi
dawesebulebisa da organizaciis interesTa dacvis
safuZvelze. b. volkovi marTebulad miuTiTebs, rom es
ukanaskneli motivebi, rogorc wesi, ar gamoricxavs qmedebis
danaSaulobriobas, `magram Tu sisxlis samarTlis kanoni
danaSulis Semadgenlobis aucilebel niSnad miuTiTebs
angarebiT an sxva pirad dainteresebaze, angarebiT an pirad
motivebze, maSin sxva motiviT Cadenilma qmedebam ar unda
gamoiwvios sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba.~ 143
141
142 iqve, gv. 40.
143
исследование). Изд. Казанского университета, 1982, c.41-42.
53
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, sabWoTa iuridiul
literaturaSi g. feldSteini pirveli iyo, vinc danaSaulis
motivTa klasifikacia scada. misi azriT, adamianis moqmedebas
SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos Semdegi motivebi: 1) ukiduresi
saWiroebis motivebi, romelic moicavs SimSiliT, gaWirvebiT,
muqariT, iZulebiT, aucilebeli mogeriebiT, ukiduresi
aucileblobiT ganxorcielebul qmedebebs; 2) ucodinrobisa
da Secdomis motivebi; 3) siamovnebis motivebi; 4) sqesobrivi
grZnobebi; 5) aramaterialuri kmayofilebis miRebis
miswrafeba; 5) siborotisa da SurisZiebis, risxvis, eWvianobis,
angarebiTi motivebi; 6) altruizmis motivebi. 144
motivTa klasifikacias exeba a. gercenzonic. igi
gvTavazobs misi moRvaweobis dros moqmedi sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT motivTa Semdeg klasifikacias:
1) kontrrevoluciuri motivebi; 2) qvena (sulmdabluri)
motivebi; 3) motivebi, romelebic ganpirobebulia meryeobiTa
da udisciplinobiT. 145
p. dageli motivebs sam jgufad yofs: pirveli moicavs
sazogadoebrivad saSiS motivebs: 1) antisaxelmwifoebrivi
motivebi; 2) piradi qvena motivebi; 3) religiuri da
crurwmenidan gamomdinare motivebi. aRniSnuli motivebis
gaTvaliswineba xdeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis gadawyvetisa da sasjelis
daniSvnisas.
meore jgufs miekuTvneba sazogadoebrivad neitraluri
motivebi, romelic moicavs iseT grZnobebs, rogoricaa
dazaralebulis an sxva piris araswor qcevasTan
dakavSirebuli wyena, sircxvili, qvena xasiaTs moklebuli
gataceba, sibraluli da gulSematkivroba, qvena niSnebs
moklebuli materialuri daintereseba. aRniSnuli motivebi
gavlenas ar axdens sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisa
da sasjelis gamoyenebis sakiTxis gadawyvetaze.
motivTa mesame jgufi sazogadoebrivad sasargebloa
da SeiZleba maTi pasuxismgeblobis Semamsubuqebel
garemoebad gaTvaliswiveba. 146
s. tararuxinis klasifikaciis mixedviT, danaSaulis
motivebi unda davyoT sam jgufad: 1) piradi xasiaTis
motivebi, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, iyofa motivebad, romlebic
warmoiSoba sagnobrivi xasiaTis motivebiTa da interesebiT da
motivebad, romlebic gamowveulia emociuri gancdebiTa da
mdgomareobiT da romelTac ar gaaCniaT sagnobrivi xasiaTi; 2)
motivebi, romelTac ar gaaCnia piraduli azri, mniSvneloba
144
cit. ix: Волков Б.С. Проблема воли и уголовная ответственность. Изд. Казанского
университета, 1965, с. 96: // Фельдштейн Г. С. Уголовное право и психология. Роль мотива
в уголовном праве. Право и жизнь, кн. 6, 1925, с.55.
145
ix. Герцензон А.А. Уголовное право. Часть общая. М., 1948, с. 343.
146
ix. Дагель П.С. Проблема вины советском уголовном праве. Уч. зап. ДВУ, Владивасток,
1968, с. 163. Дагель П. С. Котов В. Д. Субъективная сторона преступления. Изд.
Воронежского университета, 1974, с. 196.
54
da araa dakavSirebuli sakuTari moTxovnilebebis
dakmayofilebasa da damnaSavis interesebTan; 3) situaciuri
motivebi, romelic warmoiSoba, upirveles yovlisa,
dazaralebulis marTlsawinaaRmdego qceviT da iZulebiTi
xasiaTi aqvs. 147
a. rarogis azriT, `mocemuli klasifikacia araa
unaklo: pirveli, motivTa mesame jgufi SeuZlebelia
gaimijnos pirveli orisgan, ramdenadac isinic da sxvebic
SeiZleba aRmoCndes situaciuri. meore, motivTa dayofa
piradulad da arapiradulad ewinaaRmdegeba danaSaulis
motivis mecnierul gansazRvrebas, radganac motivi aris
adamianis moTxovnilebiT gamowveuli biZgi, anu igi aris
Rrmad individualuri, fsiqologiuri movlena. mesame,
mocemul klasifikacias ar gaaCnia sisxlissamarTlebrivi
mniSvneloba, ramdenadac ver gvixsnis danaSaulis motivis
iuridiul mniSvnelobas.” 148
danaSaulis miznis sisxlissamarTlebrivi
klasifikaciisaTvis a. rarogi SesaZleblad miiCnevs imave
kriteriumebis aRebas, romlebiTac SeiZleba motivTa
klasifikacia: 1) qvena miznebi. magaliTad, sxva danaSaulis
dafarvis an misi Cadenis gaadvilebis mizani, msxverplis
sxeulis organos, organos nawilis an qsovilis gadanergvis
an sxvagvarad gamoyenebis mizani, saxelmwifos dasustebis
mizani da a.S.; 2) sxva miznebi, rodesac isini Setanilia
konkretuli danaSaulis SemadgenlobaSi da ar miekuTvneba
qvena xasiaTis miznebs, radgan kanonmdeblis mier isini ar
ganixileba rogorc qmedebis sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis
amamaRlebeli, Tumca, SesaZlebelia am mizanTa jgufis
saZraxisoba arsebiTad gansxvavdebodes. 149 a. rarogi ar
akonkretebs Sesabamisi magaliTebiT Tu ra saxis miznebs
gulisxmobs. rCeba mxolod erTi varianti: albaT igi
gulisxmobs iseT miznebs, romlebic ar amZimebs danaSauls an
ar afuZnebs sxva tipis umarTlobas. mag: miTvisebis mizani
qurdobisas (ssk-is 177-e muxli), Svilad ayvanis mizani
arasrulwlovnis yidvisas (ssk-is 172-e muxli).
uaxles rusul sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSi
vxvdebiT motivebisa da miznebis or jgufad dayofas
moraluri da samarTlebrivi Sefasebis safuZvelze: 1) qvena
motivebi; 2) qvena Sinaarsis armqone motivebi. 150
qvenaa iseTi motivebi da miznebi, romelTac
kanonmdebeli ukavSirebs sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis dadgenas an gamkacrebas. magaliTad, mZevlad
147
ix. Тарарухин С.А. Установление мотива и квалификация преступления. Киев, 1997, с.
22-24.
148
Рарог А.И. dasax. naSr., gv. 67.
149
ix. iqve, gv. 72.
150
ix. Курс уголовного права. Учебник для вузов. В пяти томах. Под редакцией проф. Н. Ф.
Кузнецовой, доц. И.М. Тяжковой. Том 1, общая часть, учение о преступлении. Изд.
«Зерцало-М», М., 2002, с. 347.
55
xelSi Cagdeba ufro mkacrad isjeba Tu is angarebiTaa
ganxorcielebuli (ruseTis ssk-is 206-e muxlis me-2 naw. “z”
qvepunqti).
angarebiT motivsa da mizans kanonmdebeli qvena
xasiaTis mqoned miiCnevs. magaliTad, Svilad ayvanis
saidumloebis gaxmaureba mxolod maSin iwvevs
sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas Tu angarebiT an sxva
qvena grZnobiTaa Cadenili (ruseTis ssk-is 155-e muxli).
sxva qvena grZnobebs miekuTvneba erovnuli, rasobrivi,
religiuri siZulvili, marTlmsajulebis ganmaxorcielebeli
piris kanonieri saqmianobis ganxorcielebisaTvis xelSeSlis
mizani (ruseTis ssk-is 295-e muxli), danaSaulis Cadenis
mtkicebulebaTa xelovnurad Seqmnis mizani (ruseTis ssk-is
304-e muxli), xulignuri motivebi (ruseTis ssk-is 213-e muxli)
da sxv.
araqvena Sinaarsis motivebi da miznebi ar amZimeben
sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas. aseTebia, magaliTad,
SiSis, saqmis yalbad gagebuli motivebi da a.S. 151
151
. ix: Курс уголовного права. Учебник для вузов. В пяти томах. Под редакцией проф. Н.
Ф. Кузнецовой, доц. И.М. Тяжковой. Том 1, общая часть, учение о преступлении. Изд.
«Зерцало-М», М., 2002, с. 347.
56
$ 4. motivTa da mizanTa klasifikaciis kritika
da sakiTxis gadaWra
mocemuli problemis garSemo fsiqologiur da

iuridiul literaturaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi, rogorc
davinaxiT, sakmaod mravalferovania, rac erTi umTavresi
mizeziTaa ganpirobebuli: yoveli adamiani Tavisi biologiuri
da fsiqologiuri TvisebebiT, socialuri statusiT da, rac
mTavaria, samyaroSi mimdinare movlenebisa da procesebis
sakuTari, ganumeorebeli individualuri aRqmiTa da mis
Sesabamisad obieqturad realizebuli qceviT gamoirCeva.
SemTxveviTi ar iyo, rom b. utevski motivTa klasifikaciis
winaaRmdegi iyo. misi azriT, ar arsebobs motivTa stabiluri
sistema da maTi praqtikuli daniSnuleba. 152 Tumca, b. utevskis
amgvari mosazreba am sakiTxisadmi zedapiruli midgomis
Sedegia, romlis usafuZvlobaSic motivTa da mizanTa
klasifikaciis mniSvnelobis qvemoT warmodgenili debulebebi
dagvarwmunebs.
motivTa klasifikacias gverdi ver auara humanisturi
fsiqologiis mamamTavarma da erT-erTma gamoCenilma
fsiqologma Aabraham masloum. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi
motivTa klasifikaciis winaaRmdegi iyo, man mainc SeZlo
Camoeyalibebina prioritetul moTxovnilebaTa ierarqiuli
modeli, romelsac dResac ar daukargavs Tavisi mniSvneloba.
maslous kargad esmoda, rom adamianis qcevis fsiqologiuri
axsnisaTvis erT-erTi seriozuli aspeqtia moTxovnilebaTa
siZlieris xarisxis dadgena. vinaidan motivTa erT
horizontalur sibrtyeze moTavseba sruli uazrobaa, radgan
moTxovnilebaTa Tu interesTa brZola qcevis
ganxorcielebisaTvis gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi
zogjer warmoiSoba da imarjvebs is, romelic ufro
aqtualuria konkretul viTarebaSi adamianisaTvis, amitom
erTob aqtualuria motivTa rangireba. magaliTad, Zili
yovelTvis pirveladia Tvalsawieris, codnis gaRrmavebasTan
SedarebiT. maslous damsaxurebad unda CaiTvalos is, rom
motivTa saerTo ierarqiuli modelis Seqmnisas ar iviwyebs
adamianTa gansxvavebul biologiur da fsiqologiur
struqturas, maT araerTgvarovan damokidebulebas sxvadasxva
moTxovnilebebisa da Rirebulebebisadmi da acxadebs, rom
adamians zogjer sakuTari biografiidan gamomdinare
SeuZlia Seqmnas moTxovnilebaTa sakuTari ierarqia. 153
maSasadame, motivTa da mizanTa klasifikaciis mkacrad
gansazRvruli modelis Seqmnis xelSemSlelma mizezebma ar
unda daabrkolos mecnieri calkeul adamianebze dakvirvebiT
gamonaxos maT mamoZravebel ZalaSi is saerTo niSani, rac
152
ix. Утевский Б. С. Вина в советском уголовном праве. Госюриздат, М., 1950, с. 155.
153
57
safuZvlad daedeba motivTa da mizanTa garkveul jgufebad
dalagebas.
zigmund froidis mier SemoTavazebuli motivTa
klasifikacia, romelic sicocxlisa da sikvdilis
instinqtebis or did jgufadaa warmodgenili, adamianis
mamoZravebeli Zalis sakmaod SezRuduli axsnaa. Tanamedrove
fsiqologiaSi adamianis qcevis warmmarTvel wyarod mxolod
aracnobieris dasaxeleba sakmaod didi xania uaryofili.
amasTan, arsebobs situaciebi, rodesac adamianis qcevas arc
sicocxlis da arc sikvdilis instinqti ar udevs safuZvlad.
magaliTad, altruizmiT, tolerantobiT nakarnaxevi qceva,
esTetikuri grZnobis dakmayofilebis survili da a.S.
rac Seexeba TvisebaTa Teoriis warmomadgenelTa
(filip lerSi, mak-daugoli, henri a. miurei) naSromebSi
mocemul motivTa klasifikaciebs, isini ufro
moTxovnilebaTa da interesTa ubralo CamonaTvalia, vidre
ama Tu im niSniT gaerTianebli motivTa jgufebi, radgan ar
Cans is kriteriumi, romelic adamianis mamoZravebel ZalTa
dayofas udevs safuZvlad. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, xSirad
motivTa jgufebis xelovnurad gazrdasac aqvs adgili.
magaliTad, mak-daugolis midrekilebaTa nusxa.
kriminalistTa naSomebSi motivTa jgufebad dayofisas
TvalSi sacemia qmedebis socialuri Tu samarTlebrivi
Sefasebis gavrceleba motivTa Sefasebazec. a. gercenzoni,
rogorc davinaxeT, gamoyofs kontrrevoluciur motivebs.
aRniSnuli motivebis calke gamoyofa saxelmwifo
ideologiisaTvis xarkis gadaxda ufro iyo, vidre
sakiTxisadmi mecnieruli midgoma. kontrrevoluciuri
SeiZleba iyos qmedeba, danaSauli da ara motivi, radgan
amgvari qmedeba (danaSauli) SeiZleba ganxorcieldes
samSoblos siyvaruliT, arsebuli xelisuflebis siZulvilis
gamo, angarebiT da a.S. motivTa nairgvarobis miuxedavad,
danaSaulis samarTlebrivi Sefaseba igive rCeba.
xelisuflebis Secvla gamoiwvevs revolucionerTa
ganxorcielebul danaSulTa socialurad sasargeblo
qmedebad Sefasebas, Tumca am qmedebaTa motivebi igive bunebis
darCeba. es kritikuli SeniSvna exeba p. dagelis mosazrebasac,
romelic calke gamoyofs antisaxelmwifoebriv motivebs.
g. feldSteinis mier mocemul motivTa klasifikacias,
rogorc mas uwodebs b. volkovi, SeuZlebelia ewodos
klsifikacia. jer erTi, ar Cans is kriteriumi, romelic
safuZvlad udevs motivTa dayofas. meore, erTi da igive
motivi sruliad SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva motivTa jgufSi
moTavsdes. magaliTad, calke gamoyofili SurisZiebis an
Tundac eWvianobis motivi SeiZleba iyos Secdomis safuZveli.
da bolos, adamianis qcevas SeiZleba ganapirobebdes sul sxva
motivebic. marTebulad SeniSnavs b. volkovi, rom àvtori
iZleva sasamarTlo praqtikaSi gacilebiT xSirad Semxvedr
danaSaulTa motivebs. maTi moraluri da samarTlebrivi
58
Sefasebis miuxedavad, am klasifikacias praqtikuli
mniSvneloba ara aqvs. amasTan, avtori dausabuTeblad
miakuTvnebs motivebs iseT garemoebebs, rogoricaa risxva,
ucodinroba da Secdoma. es niSnebi axasiaTebs pirovnebis
mdgomareobas, magram ar xsnis, Tu ratom iqceva adamiani ase
da ara sxvagvarad.~ 154
rac Seexeba b. volkovis mier SemoTavazebul motivTa
klasifikacias, gansakuTrebiT sadavoa motivTa klasifikaciis
is modeli, romelic iTvaliswinebs motivebis dayofas mdgrad
da situaciurad. aq ufro marTebuli iqneba visaubroT
pirovnebis Tvisebebze, romelsac sakuTari wvlili Seaqvs
motivis formirebaSi. is, rasac b. volkovi mdgrad motivebs
uwodebs SeiZleba gaxdes motivaciis erT-erTi faqtori.
situaciur motivebTan dakavSirebiT b. volkovis motanili
magaliTic adasturebs motivTa amgvari dayofis
usafuZvlobas. Tuki mZime Seuracxyofa nebismier adamians ar
ubiZgebs danaSaulis Cadenisaken, maSin es faqti pirdapir
miuTiTebs imaze, rom qcevis ganxorcielebisaTvis
obieqturTan erTad gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba pirovnul
Tvisebebs anu e.w. mdgrad motivebs. maSasadame, e.w. mdgrad
motivebsa da situaciur motivebs Soris iseTi mimarTebaa,
rogoric zogadsa da kerZos Soris. magaliTad, SurisZieba,
romelsac b. volkovi mdgrad motivs uwodebs, relizebas
manamde ver hpovebs anu motivi ver gaxdeba, vidre Sesabamisi
situacia ar Seiqmneba.
rogorc ukve davinaxeT sabWoTa iuridiul
literaturaSi b. xaraziSvili erTaderTi iyo vinc motivTa
klasifikacias safuZvlad qcevis fsiqologiuri arsi daudo.
sakiTxis amgvar gadawyvetas igi Semdegnairad xsnis:
`nebelobiTi qcevis cnebaSi dauSvebelia SevitanoT
samarTlisa da moralis normaTa niSnebi, radgan isini
realurad dasaSvebia aseTi niSnebis gareSec.~ 155
b. xaraziSvilis mosazreba gakritikebulia b. volkovis
mier: `nebelobiTi qceva yovelTvis determinirebulia
sazogadoebrivi, socialur-ekonomikuri SinaarsiT. arsebiTad
swored aqedan amodis avtori, rodesac uSualod gadadis
motivTa klasifikaciaze... gamogonilia, upirveles yovlisa,
motivTa gamijvna ideuri da sagnobrivi xasiaTis motivebad.
nebismier motivs aqvs sagnobrivi xasiaTi imdenad, ramdenadac
igi dakavSirebulia mizanTan. magaliTad, angareba warmoiSoba
maSin, rodesac Cndeba materialuri gamorCenis, sargeblis
miRebis miswrafeba... mocemuli klasifikaciis naklia agreTve
is, rom masSi motivTa gverdiT dayenebulia pirovnebis
Tvisebebi, xasiaTis Tvisebebi, magaliTad, momWirneoba,
guluxvoba, sijiute, Zlieri sulieri aRelveba da a.S. es
154
1965, с. 96.
155
Харазишвили Б. В. Вопросы мотива поведения преступника в советском праве. Гос. изд.
«Цодна», Тб., 1963, с. 51.
59
garemoebebi axasiaTebs pirovnebis midrekilebebs da ara
qcevis motivebs.~ 156
b. volkovis kritika mTlianad gasaziarebeli araa.
upirveles yovlisa is, rom nebelobiTi qceva yovelTvis
determinirebulia, amas TviT b. xaraziSvilic ver uaryofs: _
`ra Tqma unda, samarTlisa da moralis normebi aregulirebs
adamianis qcevas. es normebi aiZulebs adamians Tavi Seikavos
garkveuli qcevisagan an imoqmedos garkveuli saxiT. marTlac,
TviT nebelobiTi qceva, rogorc aseTi, samarTlisa da
moralis normebis gareSe aris dasrulebuli Sinaarsis
gamomxatveli cnebebi, magram ramdenadac nebelobiTi qcevis
Sinaarsi Cven unda veZeboT motivebsa da miznebSi, amdenad
normis darRvevis gamomxatveli qceva moiTxovs normisa da
qcevis urTierTmimarTebis, urTierTkavSiris Seswavlas...
ueWvelia, rom sazogadoebaSi, sadac moqmedebs samarTlisa da
moralis normebi, SeuZlebelia adamianis qcevis xasiaTis
Sefaseba am normaTa gauTvaliswineblad. qceva dadebiT an
uaryofiT Sefasebas iRebs imis mixedviT, Tu rogori
moTxovnebi waeyeneba pirovnebas sazogadoebis ama Tu im
ganviTarebis etapze. swored es garemoeba gvkarnaxobs
adamianis qcevis motivTa klasifikaciis aucileblobas maTi
gansxvavebis safuZvelze.~ 157
b. xaraziSvilis mosazrebas Tu kargad davukvirdebiT,
gamovitanT daskvnas, rom motivis qcevisagan mowyvetiT
Sefaseba SeuZlebelia. marTlac, cnobilia, rom motivi da
mizani fsiqologiuri kategoriebia, xolo fsiqologia
RirebulebiTi TvalsazrisiT yovelgvar Sefasebas
moklebulia. marTebulad miuTiTebs g. naWyebia, rom
`danaSauli, rogorc fsiqologiuri ganxorcielebis xerxi,
sazogadoebrivad saSiSi, marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleulia.
maSasadame, danaSaulis niSnebi miewereba ara qcevas
fsiqologiuri gagebiT, aramed am qcevis ganxorcielebis
xerxs. es bunebrivia, radgan normatiulad fasdeba ara qceva
TavisTavad, aramed am qcevis ganxorcielebis xerxi...~ 158
motivTa klasifikacia qcevisagan mowyvetiT
SeuZlebelia, radgan klasifikacias yovelTvis Tan axlavs
Sefaseba. maSasadame, motivTa klasifikacia qcevis
fsiqologiuri arsis safuZvelze niSnavs Semdegs: vinaidan
motivi qcevisagan mowyvetiT ar arsebobs, (amas TviT b.
xaraziSvilic aRiarebs: `ramdenadac motivebi ar arsebobs
qcevis gareSe, amdenad motivTa klasifikaciaze saubrisas
yovelTvis moviazreb Sesabamis qcevas.~ 159 ), maSin swored
mxolod qcevis Sefasebis kvalobaze unda moxdes motivis
156
1965, с. 97-98.
157
Харазишвили Б. В. dasax. naS. gv. 51-52.
158
gv. 219-220.
159
Харазишвили Б. В. dasax. naS. gv. 58-59.
60
Sefaseba. b. xaraziSvilic aseve iqceva, rodesac ideur
movlenebTan dakavSirebul motivebSi dasaxelebulia
moralur-politikuri motivebi, qvena da araqvena motivebi.
sruliad naTelia, rom motivebisaTvis amgvari saxelebis
darqmeva ukve imaze miuTiTebs, rom maT aseTi Sefaseba mieca
sazogadoebaSi arsebuli samarTlebrivi Tu zneobrivi
normebis safuZvelze Sefasebuli qcevebis Semdeg. magaliTad,
iseTi moralur-politikuri motivis gansazRvrisaTvis
rogoricaa rasobrivi siZulvili, rasakvirvelia, aucilebelia
mivmarTod sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebul im samarTlebriv
normebsa Tu Sexedulebebs, romelic rasobrivi siZulvilis
gansazRvris kriteriumebs adgens.
aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom marTlac xelovnuria
motivTa dayofa ideuri da sagnobrivi xasiaTis motivebad.
araa gamoricxuli ideur movlenebTan dakavSirebuli motivebi
swored sagnebiT dainteresebam warmoSvas. magaliTad,
ZviradRirebuli naxatis xilvam gamoricxuli araa warmoSvas
esTetikuri da angarebiTi an sxva ideuri moTxovnilebebis
dakmayofilebis survili da misi dakmayofilebisaTvis
adamianma Caidinos qurdoba.
da bolos, miuRebelia motivebis gverdiT adamianis
pirovnuli Tvisebebisa (magaliTad, momWirneoba, guluxvoba
da sxv.) da emociis (magaliTad, Zlieri sulieri aRelveba)
dayeneba, radgan isini TviTon ki ar gvevlinebian motivebad,
aramed monawileobas iReben motivis CamoyalibebaSi.
motivTa da mizanTa klasifikaciisas mecnier-
kriminalistma, upirveles yovlisa, aqcenti unda gaakeTos
sisxlis samarTlisaTvis praqtikuli daniSnulebis mqone
dajgufebaze. imdenad, ramdenadac qmedebis danaSaulad
kvlifikaciisas yovelTvis adgili aqvs Cadenili qmedebis
Sefasebas sisxlissamarTlebrivi, socialuri Tu zneobrivi
normebis WrilSi, amitom motivTa da mizanTa klasifikacias
(rogorc ukve aRiniSna qcevis Sefasebis Semdeg) safuZvlad
unda daedos socialur-fsiqologiuri da zneobriv-
samarTlebrivi kriteriumi.
sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis analiziT
gamoirkva, rom TiTqmis ormocdaxuTamde danaSaulis
Semadgenloba mizniT an motiviT determinirebulia. rac
Seexeba sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawilis normebs, aq
mxolod mizani gvevlineba ama Tu im normis gamoyenebis
aucilebel pirobad. kerZod, es Seexeba marTlwinaaRmdegobis
gamomricxvel garemoebebs da zogierT bralis gamomricxvel
garemoebas. marTalia, mizanze miTiTeba mxolod
marTlzomieri riskis (ssk-is 31-e muxli) ganmartebisas
gvxvdeba, magram marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomrixveli sxva
garemoebebis gamoyeneba SeuZlebelia Tu piri Sesabamisi
miznis misaRwevad ar moqmedebda.
61
yovelive amis Semdeg SesaZlebelia motivebi davyoT
pirad da saerTo-socialur motivebad, romlebic, Tavis mxriv,
SeiZleba iyos qvena xasiaTis da qvena xasiaTs moklebuli.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom fsiqologiurad yvela motivi
piradia da motivebis pirad da saerTo-socialur motivebad
dayofas safuZvlad is moTxovnileba an/da interesi udevs,
romlis dasakmayofilebladac xorcieldeba nebelobiTi
qceva.
piradi xasiaTis motivi SeiZleba iyos, magaliTad,
siZulvili, angareba, eWvianoba, seqsualuri moTxovnileba,
SiSi, TviTdamkvidreba da a.S.
saerTo-socialuri xasiaTis motivi SeiZleba iyos:
altruizmi, yalbad gagebuli samsaxurebrivi an
sazogadoebrivi interesi, Tavganwirva, patriotuli
suliskveTeba da a.S.
motivTa ufro detaluri klasifikacia realurad
SesaZlebelia, Tumca aseTi kvleva sqolastikuri xasiaTisaa.
amasTan, gamoricxuli araa erTi da igive motivma Tavisuflad
daimkvidros adgili rogorc piradi ise saerTo-socialuri
xasiaTis motivTa jgufSi. magaliTad, religiur an
politikur interesebTan dakavSirebuli motiviT adamianis
moqmedeba savsebiT SesaZlebelia emsaxurebodes an piradi an
sazogadoebrivi interesebis dakmayofilebas an orives erTad
aRebuls. am ukanasknelis SesaZleblobis magaliTad
gamodgeba Tundac qeTevan dedoflis wamebis istoriuli
faqti. Tu ara RmerTisa da samSoblosadmi udidesi
siyvaruli, qeTevan wamebuli ver gauZlebda aseT gamocdas.
misi sxvagvari qceva SeewinaaRmdegeboda, erTi mxriv, mis
Sinagan moTxovnilebebs, meore mxriv, sazogadoebis religiur
da saxelmwifoebriv interesebs.
da bolos, motivTa da mizanTa klasifakacia
SesaZlebelia imisdamixedviT Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs maT
danaSaulis sami elementidan TiToeuli maTganisaTvis: 1)
motivi da mizani, romelic danaSaulis Semadgenlobis tips
afuZnebs. magaliTad, angareba an sxva qvena grZnoba gvevlineba
ssk-is 174-e muxliT (bavSvis Secvla) gaTvaliswinebuli
danaSaulis Semadgenlobis damafuZnebel motivad; miTvisebis
mizani ganmsazRvrelia qurdobis (ssk-is 177-e muxli), Zarcvis
(ssk-is 178-e muxli) da sxva Sesabamisi SemadgenlobebisaTvis;
2) marTlwinaaRmdegobis bunebidan gamomdinare, mis arseboba-
ararsebobaze gavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos mxolod mizanma. Tu
pirma Tavdamsxmels esrola tyvia mokvlis mizniT, magram Tu
es mizani sxva ufro mniSvnelovani miznis miRwevis
saSualebaa anu samarTlebrivi sikeTis gadarCebis gzaze misi
erT-erTi etapia, maSin qmedeba marTlzomierad fasdeba. ra
Tqma unda, Tu aucilebeli mogeriebis marTlzomierebis
yvela piroba daculia. aseT situaciaSi qcevis motivs
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba ar eniWeba; 3) motivma da mizanma
SesaZlebelia gavlena moaxdinos bralis Sinaarsa da
62
xarisxze. cnobilia, rom qvena xasiaTis motivebma
SesaZlebelia daamZimos brali. magaliTad, angareba an
xulignuri qvena grZnoba mkvlelobis damamZimebel
garemoebebad gvevlineba (ssk-is 109-e muxlis me-3 nawilis `g”
da me-2 nawilis `g” qvepunqtebi). praqtikaSi gvxvdeba iseTi
motivebic, romlebic brals amsubqebs. magaliTad, sibraluli
mSieri bavSvebis mimarT, SeiZleba gaxdes Raribi
mSoblisaTvis sakvebis qurdobis motivi. SesaZlebelia ama Tu
im motivma brali saerTod gamoricxos. magaliTad,
moCvenebiTi aucilebeli mogeriebisas SiSi, dabneuloba
SeiZleba gaxdes Secdomis mizezi, rac sxva garemoebebis
gaTvaliswinebiT brals gamoricxavs.
analogiuri gavlenis moxdena SeuZlia mizansac, oRond
motivisagan gansxvavebiT mizani zogjer umarTlobis xarisxze
moqmedebs, rac TavisTavad bralis xarisxzec axdens gavlenas.
magaliTad, Tu mkvleloba Cadenilia sxva danaSaulis
dafarvis an misi Cadenis gaadvilebis mizniT, maSin
umarTlobasTan erTad bralic damZimebulia (ssk-is 109-e
muxlis pirveli naw. `d” qvepunqti); Tu mkvleloba Cadenilia
xelmyofis mogeriebis mizniT, magram Tavdacvis SerCeuli
saSualeba metismetad Seusabamo aRmoCnda Tavdasxmis
saSiSroebasa da intensiobasTan, gveqneba mkvlelobis
privilegirebuli Semadgenloba (ssk-is 113-e muxli).
maSasadame, martivi mkvlelobisagan gansxvavebiT brali aq
Semsubuqebulia swored Tavdacvis mizniT moqmedebis gamo.
motivTa da mizanTa klasifikacia, upirveles yovlisa,
saSualebas iZleva swori kvalifikacia mivceT
ganxorcielebul qmedebas, radgan, rogorc davinaxeT,
zogierTi danaSaulis Semadgenloba mizniT an motiviTaa
gansazRvruli. magaliTad, Tu bavSvi Secvlilia ara
angarebiT, aramed sxva qvena grZnobiT, aucilebelia vicodeT
Tu romel motivebs aerTianebs cneba qvena, raTa danaSaulad
davakvalificiroT bavSvis Secvla (ssk-is 174-e muxli).
analogiuri situaciaa mizniT determinirebul deliqtebSic.
meore, zneobriv-fsiqologiuri da samarTlebrivi
kriteriumebis safuZvelze dajgufebuli motivebi da miznebi
sasjelis samarTliani daniSvis saSualebas iZleva. sisxlis
kanonmdeblobaSi danaSaulis SemadgenlobaTa umetesoba
imgvaradaa konstruirebuli, rom motivs an mizans
kvalifikaciisaTvis mniSvneloba ara aqvs, Tumca maTi
gaTvaliswineba aucileblad unda moxdes sasjelis
Sefardebisas. mesame, danaSaulobaTa Tavidan acilebis
RonisZiebaTa dagegmvisa da dasabuTebulobisaTvis didi
mniSvneloba aqvs vicodeT, danaSulTa umetesoba Tu ra
motivebiTa da miznebiT xorcieldeba.
63
T a v i III
motivisa da miznis sisxlissamarTlebrivi
Ffunqciebi
$ 1. danaSaulis motivi da mizani Zvel qarTul

sisxlis samarTalSi
cnobilia, rom sisxlis samarTali yvelaze

represiuli dargia samarTlis sistemaSi. amasTan, SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom samarTlis arc erT dargSi ise mkveTrad ar
gamoixateba eris kulturuli ganviTarebis done, rogorc
sisxlis samarTalSi. sisxlis samarTlis kuTxiT ori kiTxvis
dasmac ki sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom SevafasoT eris
samarTlebrivi azrovneba. pirveli, vis ekisreba
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba da, meore, rogor
isjeba damnaSave.
Cvens yuradRebas pirveli kiTxva ipyrobs, radgan am
kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemiT dadgindeba Tu ra xarisxis
yuradReba eTmoba subieqturi anu braleuli Seracxvis
princips. qarTuli kulturis sasiqadulod unda iTqvas, rom
Zvel qarTul sisxlis samarTalSic jerovani yuradReba
eTmoboda brals sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
gansazRvrisaTvis. amaze metyvelebs is, rom danaSaulis
subieqti yovelTvis adamiani iyo 160 da meore, _ danaSaulis
simZimis gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi miiReboda bralis
xarisxi.
bunebrivia, subieqturi Seracxvis principi TavisTavad
moiazrebs damnaSavis motivisa da miznis gaTvaliswinebasac,
romelic pirdapir kavSirSia bralis xarisxis gansazRvrasTan.
marTalia, Zvel qarTul samarTlis wyaroebSi, umeteswilad,
motivsa da mizanze pirdapir miTiTebas ver vxvdebiT, Tumca
kanonTa teqstis analizi da terminebze dakvirveba saSualebas
iZleva gamovkveToT motivTa da mizanTa saxeebi.
danaSaulis motivisa da miznis Sesaxeb, upirveles
yovlisa, Cvens yuradRebas ipyrobs eqvTime mTawmindelis mier
Targmnili, nawilobriv gadakeTebuli da ganmartebebiT
TandarTuli ori bizantiuri Zegli _ meeqvse msoflio
saeklesio krebis sjulis kanonis wesi da gangeba da ioane
mmraxvelis „kanonni SecodebulTani.“
eqvTime mTawmindeli mkvlelobis ganxilvisas
yuradRebas aqcevs danaSaulis subieqtur mxares, romlis
160
Zveli qarTuli sisxlis samarTali individualuri pasuxismgeblobis
garda icnobda koleqtiur pasuxismgeblobasac. magaliTad, vaxtang VI
samarTlis mixedviT ojaxs SeiZleba dakisreboda sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgebloba, erekle II mier gamocemuli dadgenilebiT _ naTesavebsa
da sofels (dawv. ix: metreveli v. saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da
samarTlis istoria. gamom. `meridiani,~ Tb., 2002, gv. 273-274).
64
mixedviTac Cven SegviZlia vimsjeloT bralis xarisxebze.
esenia: 1) „nebsiTi“ anu ganzraxi brali; 2) „uneblie“ anu
gaufrTileblobiTi brali. nebsiTi anu ganzrasi brali, Tavis
mxriv, or saxed SeiZleba davyoT:
a) savsebiT gamokveTili ganzraxva. 161 am ganzraxviT
Cadenili danaSaulis gamosaxatad zogjer sjulis kanoni
xmarobs termins „gulis sityva,“ amitom aseT danaSaulebs
SeiZleba vuwodoT gulzraxviTi deliqtebi anu gamizvniT
Cadenili danaSaulebi;
b) ganzraxvasTan miaxloebuli brali.
„uneblie“ moqmedebis gamosaxatad sjulis kanoni
xmarobs sityvas „iSobrivs“ da „faTeraks.“ Tumca, unda
aRiniSnos, rom „faTeraki“ zogjer sisxlissamarTlebriv
pasuxismgeblobas gamoricxavda, amitom igi Tanamedrove
gagebiT kazuss uTanabrdeba. 162
rogorc al. vaCeiSvili SeniSnavs, meeqvse msoflio
saeklesio krebis sjulis kanonis wesi da gangeba icnobs
bralis rTul, ormag formasac. kerZod, Tu Cxubis dros piri
aRgznebul mdgomareobaSi, „guliswyromisa“ da „sisastikis
zegavleniT“ mkvlelobis ganzraxvis gareSe, sxeulis
dazianebis an fizikuri tkivilis miyenebis mizniT meore pirs
joxiT an mjiRiT scemda, rasac sikvdili mohyva. 163
am magaliTs mosdevs „nebsiTi“ mkvleloba, romlis
motivad SurisZiebaa dasaxelebuli. aq saubaria maxviliT
mkvlelobaze. 164
mcire sjulis kanoni icnobs angarebiTi motiviT
Cadenil mkvlelobas: _ Tu avazakni (Tanamedrove terminiT
yaCaRebi) kacs moklaven faseulobaTa dasaufleblad. 165
amave kanonSi sayuradReboa mowamvliT kacis mokvlis
SemTxvevebi, romelTagan meore magaliTSi mkvlelobis
motivad dasaxelebulia siyvaruli: Tuki qali mamakacs
sawamlavs siyvarulisaTvis, trfialebisaTvis mkvlelobis
ganzraxviT Seasmevs, danaSauli mainc nebsiT mkvlelobas
uTanabrdeba. 166
rogorc aRiniSna, XI saukuneSi eqvTime mTawmindelma
aseve Targmna ioane mmarxvelis nomokoni (ioane mmarxvelis
„kanonni SecodebulTani“). kanonikuri samarTlis am ZeglSi
interess ipyrobs is wesi, romliTac unda ixelmZRvanelos
aRsarebis mimRebma moZRvarma, rodesac igi msjelobs
sxvadasxva danaSaulTa (codvebis) mniSvnelobisa da simZimes
161
ix. metreveli v. saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da samarTlis istoria.
gamom. `meridiani,~ Tb., 2002, gv. 280.
162
ix. vaCeiSvili al. narkvevebi qarTuli samarTlis istoriidan. tomi I,
Tb., 1946, gv. 143.
163
ix. iqve, gv. 150.
164
mcire sjulis kanoni. gamosacemad moamzada elguja giunaSvilma,
gamomcemloba `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1972, gv. 79.
165
ix. iqve, gv. 79.
166
ix. mcire sjulis kanoni. gamosacemad moamzada elguja giunaSvilma,
65
Sesaxeb. aq sxva gasaTvaliswinebel garemoebebs Soris
dasaxelebulia damnaSavis iseTi motivi, romelic patronis
brZanebiTa da SiSiTaa gamowveuli. 167 aseTi iZuleba, iv.
javaxiSvilis azriT, pirs umsubuqebda an aTavisuflebda
pasuxismgeblobisagan. 168
eqvTime mTawmindeli „uneblie“ mkvlelobad Tvlida
iseT SeTxvevebs, Tu maswavlebels mona an mowafe SoltiT
Semoakvdeboda. aq xazgasmuladaa aRniSnuli, rom
maswavlebels surda ara misi mokvla, uzomod cema, „aramed
moqcevad misi uwesobisagan,“ rom igi cemda
„gansawurTelad.“ 169 ra Tqma unda, aq naTelia maswavleblis
mizani, romelic survils uTanabrdeba.
aseve angarebad unda miviCnioT “vercxlis-moyvareoba,”
romelsac eqvTime mTawmindeli did yuradRebas uTmobs. 170
angarebiT motivze miTiTebas aseve vxvdebiT giorgi V
`ZeglisdebaSi,~ sadac me-12 muxlSi saubaria `mamulis
ndomisaTvis~ mkvlelobaze. aseTi danaSaulic ganzrax
danaSaulad iTvleboda. 171 amave samarTlis 90-e muxli
miuTiTebs bWis anu mosamarTlis mier qrTamis aRebaze,
romlis motivad sixarbea dasaxelebuli. 94-e muxli awesebs
pasuxismgeblobas valis gadauxdelobis gamo Cadenili
mkvlelobis an janmrTelobis dazianebisaTvis. Tu am muxlis
teqsts davukvirdebiT danaSaulis miznad SurisZieba unda
miviCnioT, radgan danaSauli `SuRlis~ niadagze xorcieldeba.
aRbuRa aTabag-amirspasalaris samarTalSi angarebiTi
motivi damamZimebel garemoebad iTvleba. kerZod, 93-e muxlSi
naTqvamia: `... angareba ars ufrosi codva.~ 172
Zvel qarTul samarTalSi avazakobasTan erTad
angarebiT Cadenil danaSaulad iTvleboda mekobreoba, ra
drosac adgili hqonda adamianTa daxocvas. 173 danaSaulis
motivze miTiTebas vxvdebiT vaxtang VI kodikoSi, aseve beqa-
aRbuRas samarTlis 168-e, 169-e muxlebSi da a.S.
subieqturi Seracxvis pricipTan mimarTebiT
aRsaniSnavia vaxtang VI samarTlis wigni, danaSaulebi
klasificirebulia or jgufad. ganzrax da ganzraxvis gareSe
Cadenil danaSaulebad. 174
167
Tb., 1946, gv. 158-159.
168
ix. javaxiSvili iv. Txzulebani Tormet tomad, tomi VII, Tb., 1984, gv. 201.
169
ix. javaxiSvili iv. dasax. naSr., gv. 198.
170
ix. korZaia-samadaSvili n. danaSaulis motivi vaxtang VI samarTlis
mixedviT. Tsu Sromebi, t. 89, 1960, gv. 47-48.
171
Tb., 1946, gv. 174.
172
korZaia-samadaSvili n. dasax. naSr. gv. 48-49.
173
ix. 1) javaxiSvili iv. dasax. Tx., gv. 225; 2) metreveli v. dasax. naSr. gv.
315.
174
Tb., 1946, gv. 176.
66
„vaxvang VI samarTalSi, _ wers n. korZaia-samadaSvili,
_ erTi mxriv, moqmedebis motiviT wydeba sakiTxi ama Tu im
qmedebis danaSaulebrivi xasiaTis Sesaxeb, xolo, meore mxriv,
motivi gamodis damamZimebeli an Semamsubuqebeli garemoebis
rolSi.“ 175
vaxtang VI samarTlis wignis 192-e muxlSi sabZlis,
Tivis, venaxis Robis da a.S. nivTebisaTvis cecxlis wakidebis
erT-erT mizezad asaxelebs „mtrobas“ (danaSaulis motivi),
rac SurisZiebis mizniT Cadenil danaSaulze miuTiTebs. 193-e
muxlSi kvalificiur mkvlelobadaa miCneuli mowamvliT
mkvleloba, romlis motivebad dasaxelebulia „SuRli“ da
„mtroba,“ xolo calkea gamoyofili „faTerakiT“ kacis
mokvla. 176
vaxtang VI samarTlis wigni mosamarTlis udides
danaSaulad Tvlis qrTamis aRebas, rac mosamarTlis
angarebiT moqmedebaze metyvelebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
vaxtang meeqvsem kargad icis adamianis Sinagani buneba da
amitom ganzraxvisa da ganzraxvis gareSe Cadenili
danaSaulebis ganmartebiT ar kmayofildeba. igi mosamarTles
mouwodebs gaiTvaliswinos danaSaulis Cadenis motivi,
damnaSavis emociuri mdgomareoba da sxv. magaliTad, 42-e
muxlis merve da mecxre punqtebiT qmars ufleba aqvs moklas
moRalate coli danaSaulis adgilze. aseT viTarebaSi qmris
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisuflebis
erT-erT mizezad qmris sulieri mRelvareba, afeqti SeiZleba
miviCnioT.
warmodgenili mcire istoriuli eqskursi motivisa da
miznis Sesaxeb kidev erTi dasturia imisa, Tu raoden didi
mniSvneloba aqvs motivsa da mizans qmedebis danaSaulad
kvalifikaciisaTvis imdenad, ramdenadac jer kidev im droSi,
rodesac adamianis Sinagani buneba mecnierulad Seuswavleli
iyo, kanonmdebels mainc kargad esmoda adamianis moqmedebis
Sinagani, subieqturi faqtorebis roli samarTliani sasjelis
gansazRvrisaTvis.
175
korZaia-samadaSvili n. dasax. naSr. gv. 43.
176
Tb., 1946, gv. 182.
67
$ 2. umarTlobis subieqturi elementebi
naSromis am nawilSi gamokvleulia, SeiZleba iTqvas,

qarTul sisxlissmarTlebriv literaturaSi
naklebdamuSavebuli problema: motivisa da miznis roli
umarTlobis dafuZnebisaTvis da maTi gavlena umarTlobis
xarisxze.
sisxlissmarTlebriv literaturaSi motivsa da mizans
ZiriTadad oTx funqcias miaweren. 177 aseT funqciebad
miuTiTeben: danaSaulebrivi qmedebis aradanaSaulebrivisagan
gamijvna, danaSaulebis erTmaneTisagan gamijvna, danaSaulis
kvalificiuri Semadgenlobis Seqmna, sasjelis damZimeba an
Semsubuqeba.
b. xaraziSvilis azriT, sisxlissamarTlebrivi
TvalsazrisiT motivebi sam jgufad iyofa:
1) motivebi, romlebic danaSaulis SemadgenlobaSi
aucilebeli niSnis saxiT Sedian;
2) motivebi, rogorc makvalificirebeli niSnebi;
3) pasuxismgeblobaze gavlenis mqone motivebi. 178
motivsa da mizans sxva funqciebic gaaCnia, romlebic
aranakleb mniSvnelovania sisxlis samarTlisaTvis. am
funqciebs TanmimdevrobiT ganvixilav naSromSi.
moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-7 muxlSi
mocemulia danaSaulis samsafuxuriani sistema, romelic
sisxlis samarTlis klasikuri skolis warmomadgenlebis mier
iyo SemuSavebuli da maT pativsacemad list-belingis
sistemasac uwodeben. danaSaulis samsafexuriani sistema
danaSaulis formaluri gansazRvrebaa, radgan calke
elementad gamoyofili ar aris sazogadoebrivi saSiSroeba.
danaSaulis sistemaSi erT-erT mniSvnelovan funqcias
asrulebs sisxlissmarTlebrivi umarTloba.
sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis dRidan politikuri
gardaqmnebi, ra Tqma unda, samarTalsac Seexo, ramac bevri
gaumarTlebeli cvlileba gamoiwvia. xSirad, aramecnieruli
mosazrebebiT xmarebidan ganidevneboda mniSvnelovani
samarTlebrivi terminebi da debulebebi imis gamo, rom
TiTqos mas burJuaziuli warmomavloba hqonda. amis Semdeg ki
maT Sesaxeb saubars TiTqmis yvela erideboda. aseTi bedi ewia
termins umarTloba, romelic germanul iuridiul
177
ix: 1) Рарог А.И. Субъективная сторона и квалификация преступлений. М., 2001, с. 72-
73; 2) Уголовное право. Общая часть, изд. «Норма», авт. кол., М., 2001, с.207-208; 3) Курс
уголовного права. Учебник для вузов. В пяти томах. Под редакцией проф. Н. Ф.
«Зерцало-М», М., с.345-350; 4) Наумов А.В. Уголовное право. Общая часть, изд. «Бек»,
М.,1996, с.230-232; 5) sisxlis samarTalis zogadi nawili. avtorTa
koleqtivi, redaqtorebi: g. tyeSeliaZe, g. naWyebia, Tbilisis universitetis
gamomcemloba, 2004, gv. 138 da sxv.
178
изд. «Цодна», Тб. 1963, с. 71.
68
literaturaSi Camoyalibda (Unrecht). revoluciamdel rusul
iuridiul literaturaSi misi Sesatyvisi termini iyo Неправда,
romlis nacvladac sabWoTa periodSi da axlandel rusul
iuridiul literaturaSi ixmareba Противоправное деяние.
am terminis gauqmebis erT-erT mizezad o. gamyreliZe
imiTac xsnis, rom „sabWour iuridiul litereturaSi
gamoiyeneboda terminebi „marTlwinaaRmdegoba“ da
„sisxlissamarTlebrivi marTlwinaaRmdegoba.“ ise gamodioda
TiTqos samarTlis ramdeni dargicaa imdeni
marTlwinaaRmdegobaa, rac arasworia, radgan saxelwifoSi
erTi samarTali moqmedebs da amitom esa Tu is qmedeba
ewinaaRmdegeba mTlianad samarTals. ufro marTebulia
sisxlissamarTlebrivi marTlwinaaRmdegobis nacvlad
vixmaroT termini sisxlissamarTlebrivi umarTloba.“ 179 am
mosazrebas ar SeiZleba ar daveTanxmoT, radgan SeuZlebelia
samarTlis erTi dargis mier daSvebuli qmedeba, samarTlis
sxva dargma akrZalos. es imitom, rom samarTlis yvela dargi
mowodebulia saxelmwifoSi daamyaros erTiani marTlwesrigi.
samarTlis sxvadasxva dargis arsebobis miuxedavad, samarTlis
yoveli dargi samarTlis erTian sistemas Seadgens. logikuria
Tu vityviT, rom samarTlis sxvadasxva dargTa erT sistemaSi
arseboba SeuZlebeli iqneboda Tu samarTlis TiToeuli
dargis normebi urTierTsawinaaRmdego debulebebs
gaiTvaliswinebda. `sxvisi uflebebis iseTi xelyofa, romelic
samoqalaqo an sajaro samarTlis normebis Tanaxmad,
gamonaklisis saxiT nebadarTulia, aqedan gamomdinare
marTlzomieric, am TvalsazrisiT, arc sisxlis samarTlis
sferoSi unda Sefasdes marTlsawinaaRmdegod,
aramarTlzomierad. AaseT SemTxvevaSi samarTlebrivi sistemis
erTianobisa da urTierTSeTanxmebulobis principi
moqmedebs.~ 180 maSasadame, samarTlis yvela dargi qveyanaSi
marTlwesrgis SeqmnisaTvis adgens urTierTSeTanxmebul
pirobebs, rac imas niSnavs, rom samarTlis erTi dargiT
nebadarTuli qmedeba ar SeiZleba samarTlis sxva dargma
akrZalos.
zemoaRniSnuli mizezebis gamo, umarTlobis problemis
Sesaxeb qarTul iuridiul literaturaSi (maT Soris yofili
sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebSic) mcireodeni naSromebia Seqmnili.
gamorCeviT unda aRiniSnos o. gamyreliZis Rvawli am mxriv.
umarTloba danaSaulis pirveli ori elementis _
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis anu
viwrod gagebuli danaSaulis Semadgenlobisa da
marTlwinaaRmdegobis erTobliobaa. umarTloba da
marTlwinaaRmdegoba erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli terminebia:
pirveli, marTlwinaaRmdegoba aris Tviseba, romelsac
179
gamyreliZe o. germanul-rusuli iuridiuli leqsikonis gamocemis gamo.
Jurnali `macne,~ samarTlis seria, 1998, #1, gv. 31.
180
Wessels/Beulke. Strafrecht. Allgemeiner Teil. Die Straftat und ihr Aufbau. C . F . Müler Verlag
Heidelberg, 2002, S. 91.
69
sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba maSin
iZens, rodesac igi ganxorcielebulia marTlwinaaRmdegobis
gamomricxveli garemoebebis ar arsebobisas. meore,
marTlwinaaRmdegobisagan gansxvavebiT umarTlobas gaaCnia
xarisxi, anu umarTlobebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan
simZimiT. marTebulad miuTiTebs o. gamyreliZe, rom
umarTlobisagan gansxvavebiT marTlwinaaRmdegobis
daxarisxeba mZimed da msubuqad ar SeiZleba, radgan
SeuZlebelia erTi qmedeba naklebad ewinaaRmdegebodes, xolo
meore qmedeba metad ewinaaRmdegebodes samarTals. 181
kanonmdebeli zogjer qmedebis danaSaulebriobas, misi
garkveuli motiviT an mizniT ganxorcielebas ukavSirebs,
radgan qmedebis obieqturi TvalsazrisiT Sefaseba
saSualebas ar gvaZlevs gavmijnoT danaSaulebrivi qmedeba
aradanaSaulebrivisagan. motivsa da mizans umarTlobasTan
mimarTebiT SeiZleba ori funqcia hqondes: an daafuZnos, e.i.
Tvisobrivad gansazRvros umarTloba, an xarisxobrivad
imoqmedos masze, e.i. daamZimos an Seamsubuqos.
motivma da mizanma sisxlis samarTalSi SeiZleba
Semdegi funqciebi Seasrulos (naSromis am paragrafSi
warmodgenili iqneba funqciebis mxolod nawili, xolo
danarCeni funqciebi _ Semdgom paragrafebSi):
pirveli, motivma da mizanma SeiZleba daafuZnos
umarTloba. me-20 saukunis daswyisidan germanul iuridiul
literaturaSi daiwyo msjeloba imis Sesaxeb, rom xSirad
qmedebis materialur marTlwinaaRmdegobas subieqturi
elementi afuZnebs. „am movlenas, _ wers o. gamyreliZe, _
germaneli mecnierebi aRmoCenas (Entdekung) uwodeben. es
aRmoCena ukavSirdeba germaneli civilistis h. fiSeris
saxels, romelmac dasaxelebuli movlena SeniSna samoqalaqo
samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi.“ kriminalistebidan es problema
yvelaze safuZvlianad germanelma kriminalistma,
neoklasikuri mimarTulebis warmomadgenelma edmund mecgerma
daamuSava. 182
miuxedavad naklovanebebisa, neoklasikuri
mimarTulebis wingadadgmuli nabiji klasikur
mimarTulebasTan SedarebiT udavoa. neoklasikosTa yvelaze
didi Rirseba isaa, rom maT marTlwinaaRmdegoba obiqturTan
erTad subieqtur kategoriad warmoadgines. maT SeZles
daemtkicebinaT, rom zogjer qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegoba
mxolod wminda kauzalur qmedebas ki ar ukavSirdeba, aramed
damnaSavis subieqturi mimarTeba am qmedebisadmi, kerZod,
181
ix. gamyreliZe o. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis ganmarteba.
zogadi nawili, pirveli wigni, saq. iusticiis saministros `saqarTvelos
kanonTa wignisa da saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macnes~ redaqcia, Tb., 2005,
gv. 84.
182
ix. gamyreliZe o. sisxlissamarTlebrivi umarTlobis problema da
Tanamonawileobis dasjadobis safuZveli. gamom. `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1989, gv.
141-142.
70
mizani afuZnebs ama Tu im tipis umarTlobas. rogorc
marTebulad SeniSnavs g. naWyebia: „sisxlis samarTlis e.w.
klasikur mimarTulebaSi neokantianelobisa da Rirebulebis
Teoriis anu aqsiologiis ganviTarebis zegavleniT
umarTlobaSi subieqtur elementad Setanili iqna mizani.
cxadia, umarTlobis wminda obieqtur gagebasTan SedarebiT es
faqti uaRresad mniSvnelovani nabiji gaxldaT, radgan am
poziciidan obieqtivizmi nawilobriv mainc iqna daZleuli.
subieqtis qcevaSi miznis dadgeniT marTlac xdeba
SesaZlebeli qmedebis dadebiTi an uaryofiTi Sefaseba.“ 183
qarTveli kriminalistebidan T. wereTeli erT-erTi
pirveli iyo, vinc obieqturi marTlwinaaRmdegobis
damfuZnebel niSnad mizani daasaxela. 184 ufro mogvianebiT T.
wereTeli umarTlobis subieqtur elementebs SedarebiT
dawvrilebiT Seexo da subieqtur elementebad daasaxela
mizani, Secnobadoba da sxv. 185 magaliTad, Tu nivTi
marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis mizniT araa dauflebuli,
qmedebas qurdobad ver davakvalificirebT; anda Tu
falsifikacia (ssk-is 197-e muxli) angarebiTi motiviT araa
ganxorcielebuli, maSin aseTi moqmedeba moklebulia
danaSaulebriv xasiaTs. 186
motivsa da mizans sisxlis samarTlis
kanonmdeblobaSi SeuZlia „SemosazRvros“ pasuxismgeblobis
farglebi. marTebulad miuTiTebs o. gamyreliZe, rom sisxlis
samarTlis kerZo nawilSi ganzraxi deliqtebis ori saxe
ikveTeba: pirveli, _ rodesac deliqtis Cadena mxolod
pirdapiri ganzraxviT SeiZleba. am saxis deliqti an mizniTaa
determinirebuli (magaliTad, qurdoba (ssk-is 177-e muxli) an
Tavisi bunebiT ama Tu im deliqtis ganxorcieleba mxolod
pirdapiri ganzraxviT SeiZleba, miuxedavad imisa, rom mizani
miTiTebuli ar aris. meore, _ Sereuli saxis deliqtebi,
romelTa Cadena SeiZleba rogorc pirdapiri, ise arapirdapiri
ganzraxviT (magaliTad, mkvleloba (ssk-is 108-e muxli).
zogjer SesaZlebelia Sereul deliqtebSi kanonmdebelma
gamoyos calke danaSaulis Semadgenloba miznis CarTviT, ris
gamoc es deliqti mxolod pirdapiri ganzraxviT SeiZleba
ganxorcieldes. magaliTad, mkvleloba msxverplis TxovniT
(ssk-is 110-e muxli). 187
183
naWyebia g. sisxlissamarTlebrivi urTierToba da danaSaulis cneba.
(leqciebis kursi), Tb., 2002, gv. 122.
184
ix. Церетели Т.В. Причинная связь в уголовном праве. Гос. изд. «Юридической
литератури», изд. второе, исправленное и дополненное, М., 1963, с. 196-197.
185
ix. Церетели Т.В. Основание уголовной ответственности и понятие преступления,
«Правоведение», 1980, №8, с. 85.
186
ix: 1) sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni I, avtorTa koleqtivi,
redaqtori prof. g. tyeSeliaZe, gamom. `meridiani,~ Tb., 2006, gv. 401; 2)
wulaia z., sisxlis samarTali, kerZo nawili, meore tomi, gamom.
ìnteleqti,~ Tb., 2001, gv. 199-200.
187
71
meore, SeiZleba isec moxdes, rom moqmedebis mizanma
sisxlis samarTlisaTvis araTu irelevanturad aqcios
ganxorcilebuli qmedeba, aramed marTlzomieradac cnos.
marTlsawinaaRmdego xelyofis Tavidan acileba ver
CaiTvleba aucilebel mogeriebad Tu sxva pirobebTan erTad
ar arsebobs momgerieblis Tavdacvis mizani. „samarTliT
daculi interesebis dacvis mizani aris aucilebeli
mogeriebis konstruqciuli niSani, romelic mis ZiriTad arssa
da Sinaarss gansazRvravs.~ 188 Secdomas uSvebs iqve b. volkovi,
TiTqos savaldebulo ar iyos momgerieblis mier Tavdasxmis
danaSaulebrivi (ufro sworia marTlsawinaaRmdego. SeniSvna
Cemia._i.d.) xasiaTis gacnobiereba. 189 Tuki momgeriebels
xelyofis marTlwinaaRmdegoba gacnobierebuli ara aqvs, maSin
samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacvis arc mizani da survili
warmoiSoba. arc isaa swori TiTqos Tu momgeriebelma icis,
rom fsiqikurad Seuracxi esxmis mas Tavs, man ki ar unda
moigerios, aramed unda mimarTos sxva zomebs (gaiqces,
saSvelad mouxmos sxvas). 190 aucilebeli mogeriebis uflebis
micemiT kanondebeli cdilbs marTlsawinaaRmdego
xelyofisagan daicvas samarTlebrivi sikeTe da amisaTvis
nebismier situaciaSi mogeriebis marTlzomierebis Tanabar
pirobebs ayenebs.
marTali araa b. volkovi, rodesac akritikebs T.
SavguliZes da mis sawinaaRmdegod acxadebs, rom aucilebeli
mogeriebis marTlzomierebisaTvis savaldebuloa socialur-
eTikurad dadebiTi motivis arseboba. 191 marTalia, motivi da
mizani korelatiuri cnebebia anu yovel motivs Seesabameba
misTvis damaxasiaTebeli qcevis mizani, magram es imas ar
niSnavs, rom zneobriv-samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT motivi da
misi Sesabamisi mizani Tanabar Sefasebas imsaxurebs. sruliad
SesaZlebelia sazogadoebrivad dasgmobi motiviT
samarTlebrivad misaRebi mizani ganxorcieldes. magaliTad, a-
m dainaxa, rom mis biZas anderZis werisas, romliTac mas biZis
qoneba ergeboda, Tavs daesxa maniaki. a-m maniaki imitom
moigeria, rom anderZis Sedgenis gareSe mas qoneba ar
darCeboda. mocemuli fabulis mixedviT a-s moqmedebis motivi
angarebiTia, magram mizani sicocxlis dacvaa, ris gamoc Cven
ar SegviZlia a-s moqmedeba aucilebel mogeriebad ar
CavTvaloT.
udavod sworia b. xaraziSvilis mosazreba, rom
aucilebeli mogeriebisas mkvleloba aris dacvis miznis

gv. 97-98.
188
189
ix. iqve, gv. 90.
190
ix. iqve, gv. 90.
191
ix. iqve, gv. 94.
72
ganxorcielebis saSualeba. 192 cnobilia, rom Tuki miRweuli
mizani emsaxureba misi Semdgomi miznis miRwevas, maSin
adreuli mizani momdevno miznis miRwevis saSualebad iqceva.
es saSualebas gvaZlevs vTqvaT, rom aucilebeli mogeriebis
farglebis gadacilebiT mkvlelobisas, rodesac damnaSaves
dacvis mizani amoZravebs, ikicxeba swored am konkretuli
viTarebaSi dacvis miznis misaRwevad arasworad SerCeuli
saSualebis gamo, radgan am saSualebam danaSaulebrivi Sedegi
gamoiwvia.
samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacvis mizani marTlzomierebis
erT-erT pirobad gvevlineba ukiduresi aucileblobis
dros. 193 aseve, damnaSavis Sepyroba mxolod maSin gamoricxavs
qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobas, rodesac Sempyrobis mizani iyo
damnaSavis xelisuflebis organoSi wardgena. 194 b. volkovic
aRiarebs, rom damnaSavis Sepyrobis marTlzomierebisaTvis
aucilebelia yuradReba mieqces am uflebis
ganmaxorcieleblis qmedebis miznobriv Sinaarss. 195
kanonmdebeli pirdapir asaxelebs marTlzomieri riskis
marTlzomierebis erT-erT pirobad sazogadoebrivad
sasargeblo miznis miRwevas.
aucilebeli mogeriebis farglebisa da damnaSavis
SepyrobisaTvis aucilebeli zomis gadacilebis sworad
gansazRvrisaTvis mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs farglebis an
zomis gadamcileblis motivis dadgena, rameTu SesaZelbelia
motivze dakvirvebiT igi sruliad gaTavisufldes
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan bralis ar
arsebobis gamo. magaliTad, SiSis, dabneulobis, mRelvarebis
maRali xarisxi, ramac SeiZleba Seuracx mdgomareobaSi
Caagdos adamiani.
mesame, motivi da mizani, romelic danaSaulis
SemadgenlobaSi aucilebeli niSnis saxiTaa Setanili
umarTlobis tipebis erTmaneTisagan gamijvnis saSualebas
iZleva. marTebulad miuTiTebs o. gamyreliZe, rom umarTloba
mxolod obieqturi niSnebisagan ar Sedgeba da iseTi
subieqturi niSani, rogoricaa mizani saSualebas gvaZlevs
erTmaneTisagan gavmijnoT obieqturad msgavsi deliqtebi.
swored mizani miuTiTebs imaze, rom obieqturad msgavsi
qmedebebi sxvadasxva obieqtebs xelyofen. amitom zogierTi
192
ix. Харазишвили Б. В. dasax. naSr., gv. 86.
193
dawv. ix. futkaraZe e. ukiduresi aucilebloba qarTul da germanul
sisxlis samarTalSi. sadisertacio naSromi iuridiul mecnierebaTa
kandidatis xarisxis mosapoveblad, Tb., 2003, gv. 55.
194
ix. SavguliZe T., surgulaZe l. sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis
gamomricxveli garemoebani sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi, Tb., 1988,
gv. 173.
195
73
subieqturi niSani mTlianad ar miekuTneba brals. 196
magaliTad, Tu saqarTvelos dasustebis mizniTaa
ganadgurebuli sawarmo, gveqneba sabotaJis SemadgenlobiT
gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba (ssk-is 318-e muxlis me-2 nawili),
xolo aseTi miznis gareSe qmedeba nivTis ganadgurebad
dakvalificirdeba (ssk-is 187-e muxli); xulignuri qvena
grZnobiT janmrTelobis msubuqi dazianeba dakvalificirdeba
ssk-is 239-e muxliT (xulignoba) da ara ssk-is 120-e muxliT
(janmrTelobis ganzrax msubuqi dazianeba) da a.S.
meoTxe, motivma da mizanma SeiZleba Seqmnas
danaSaulis kvalificiuri Semadgenloba. ai, swored aq unda
gairkves subieqturi mxaris romeli niSani gansazRvravs
umarTlobis xarisxs. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli problemebi,
SeiZleba iTqvas, zogjer ufro TvalnaTliv mJRavndeba
danaSaulis amsruleblisa da TanamonawileTa
pasuxismgeblobasTan dakavSirebiT, razec Semdgom paragrafSi
gveqneba saubari.
umarTlobis simZime araa damokidebuli imaze, igi
ganzraxaa Cadenili Tu gaufrTxileblobiT imdenad,
ramdenadac ganzraxvam da gaufrTxileblobam SeiZleba
daamZimos brali da ara umarTloba. sisxlissamarTlebriv
litereturaSi gamoqmulia mcdari mosazreba, rom
sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis (umarTlobis. _ SeniSvna Cemia.
i.d.) xarisxze gavlenas axdens bralis xarisxi. 197
T. SavguliZis azriT, sazogadoebrivi saSiSrobis
xarisxi SeiZleba bralma gansazRvros. „ganzraxi mkvlelobis
dros, _ wers igi, _ socialisturi sazogadoebrivi
urTierTobebi ufro met zians ganicdis, vidre, magaliTad,
sicocxlis SemTxveviTi mospobis dros. pirvel SemTxvevaSi,
qmedeba gacilebiT did reaqcias da did SeSfoTebas iwvevs
sazogadoebaSi, saziano zegavlenas axdens sazogadoebis
meryev elementebze, iwvevs saxelmwifos mxriv represiis
gamoyenebis aucileblobas da a.S.“ 198
am mxriv, udavod marTalia o. gamyreliZis kritika T.
SavguliZis mimarT. misi azriT, sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis
(umarTlobis. _ SeniSvna Cemia. i.d.) xarisxze ar SeiZleba
imoqmedos iseTma garemoebam, romelic mas ar afuZnebs. 199 am
sityvebs o. gamyreliZe im dros werda, rodesac mkvleloba
ganzraxac SeiZleboda da gaufrTxileblobiTac. moqmed
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi ki, rogorc cnobilia,
196
. ix: Актуальные вопросы современного уголовного права, криминологии и уголовного
процесса (второй советско-западногерманский коллоквиум). Гамкрелидзе О. К. К вопросу
суъктивных признаках неправды. Изд. «Мецниереба», Тб., 1986, с. 120-121.
197
ix. Курс уголовного права. Учебник для вузов. В пяти томах. Под редакцией проф. Н. Ф.
«Зерцало-М», М., 2002, с.154.
198
Шавгулидзе Т.Г. Необходимая оборона. Тб., 1966, с. 15.
199
ix. gamyreliZe o. sisxlissamarTlebrivi umarTlobis problema da
160-161.
74
terminologiuri cvlileba ganxorcielda da mkvleloba
mxolod ganzraxi qmedebiT SeiZleba, xolo Tu
gaufrTxileblobiT qmedebas adamianis sikvdili mohyva, maSin
aseTi qmedeba sicocxlis mospobad fasdeba. Tumca, sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsidan SeiZleba sxva magaliTac davasaxeloT,
romlis safuZvelzec unda iTqvas, rom ganzraxva da
gaufrTxilebloba umarTlobis xarisxze ver imoqmedebs.
magaliTad, nivTi ganzrax iqneba ganadgurebuli Tu
gaufrTxileblobiT, qmedebis socialuri saSiSroeba,
umarTlobis xarisxi Tanabaria.
da bolos, Tuki ganzrax qmedebis ganxorcielebisas
umarTloba ufro mZimea, vidre gaufrTxileblobisas, maSin am
logikiT gamova, rom arabraleuli qmedebiT ganxorcielebul
umarTlobas xarisxi saerTod ara aqvs.
gansxvavebuladaa sakiTxi mizanTan dakavSirebiT. Tuki
mizani danaSaulis damamZimel garemoebadaa mocemuli, maSin
umarTlobis xarisxTan erTad izrdeba bralis xarisxic.
magaliTad, mkvleloba sxva danaSaulis dafarvis an misi
Cadenis gaadvilebis mizniT.
miznisgan gansxvavebiT motivi umarTlobis xarisxze
gavlenas ver moaxdens. umarTlobis xarisxze mxolod iseTi
subieqturi niSani imoqmedebs, romelsac SeuZlia ufro meti
ziani miayenos samarTliT dacul obieqts. magaliTad,
winaswari SecnobiT orsuli qalis mkvlelobisas, winaswari
Secnobadoba umarTlobas amZimebs, radgan qalis
sicocxlesTan erTad xdeba nayofis xelyofa. anda, Tuki ori
an meti piris mkvlelobis mizniT xdeba moqmedebis
ganxorcieleba, maSinac umarTlobis xarisxi mZimdeba, radgan
erTze meti sicocxlis xelyofa xdeba. aqve unda aRiniSnos,
rom umarTlobis xarisxi, qmedebis saSiSroeba izrdeba iseTi
obieqturi niSniTac, romelic qmedebas ufro aadvilebs an
intensiurs xdis. magaliTad, jgufis mier Cadenili
danaSauli.
rac Seexeba motivs, mas Tavisi bunebidan gamomdinare
ar SeuZlia umarTlobis xarisxze iqonios gavlena. motivi
personaluri xasiaTisaa da mxolod bralis xarisxze axdens
gavlenas. magaliTad, mkvleloba Cadenili angarebiT (ssk-is
109-e muxlis me-3 naw. `g” qvepunqti). swored amitomaa, rom
TanamonawileobiT danaSaulis Cadenisas Tundac erT-erT
amsrulebels an Tanamonawiles Secnobili hqondes romelime
Tanamzraxvelis motivi, es faqti mainc ver imoqmedebs misi
pasuxismgeblobis simZimeze. analogiuri azri aqvs gamoTqmuli
o. gamyreliZes. 200
mexuTe, sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaze
dakvirvebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom motivisagan gansxvavebiT
mizans unda mivaweroT privilegirebuli Semadgenlobis
200
Sead. gamyreliZe o. danaSaulis SualobiTi amsrulebloba da
Tanaamsrulebloba. gamomcemloba `mecniereba,~ Tb. 1974, gv. 162.
75
Seqmnis SesaZlebloba. magaliTad, ssk-is 110-e muxliT
(mkvleloba msxverplis TxovniT) qmedebis kvalifikaciisaTvis,
sxva pirobebTan erTad, aucilebelia damnaSaves hqondes
momakvdavis Zlieri fizikuri tkivilisagan gaTavisuflebis
mizani.
marTalia, motivi danaSaulis privilegirebul
Semadgenlobas ar qmnis, Tumca, es imas ar niSnavs, rom
bralis xarisxs ver Seamsubuqebs. zogjer miznis gansazRvrisa
da ganxorcielebuli qmedebisaTvis Sesabamisi
sisxlissamarTlebrivi kvalifikaciis ganxorcielebaSi did
rols TamaSobs damnaSavis qcevis motivis dadgena. magaliTad,
aucilebeli mogeriebis mdgomareobaSi myofma mkvlelobis
martivi Semadgenloba ganaxorciela Tu aucilebeli
mogeriebis farglebis gadacilebiT mkvleloba, romlis
drosac damnaSaves unda amoZravebdes Tavdacvis mizani,
uaRresad didi daxmarebis gaweva SeuZlia motivis
gansazRvras. Tuki dadgindeba, rom aucilebeli mogeriebis
farglebis gadacileba ganapiroba SiSma, dabneulobam an
mRelvarebam, situaciis saerTo SefasebiT SesaZlebelia piri
gaTavisufldes sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan
bralis ar arsebobis gamo.
da bolos, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi 2007 wlis 4
ivliss me-15 muxlSi ganxorcielebul cvlilebamde miznis
daudgenlobas SeiZleba gamoewvia erTi umarTlobis nacvlad
ramodenime umarTlobis dafuZneba an piriqiT. saxeldobr, aq
saubaria gangrZobadi danaSaulisa da araerTgzisi
danaSaulis erTmaneTisagan gamijvna. miznis daudgenloba
usamarTlod lmobieri an mZime sasjelis daniSvnis safuZveli
iyo, radgan araerTgzisoba yovelTvis ori an meti
danaSaulis arsebobas gulisxmobs da Sesabamisad sasjelic
ufro mZime iniSneba gangrZobad danaSaulTan SedarebiT, Tu,
ra Tqma unda, gangrZobadi danaSauli sxva damamZimebel
garemoebaSi ar iyo Cadenili.
moqmedi ssk-is me-14 muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad,
„gangrZobadia sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis erTi muxliT an
muxlis nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli, romelic
moicavs erTiani mizniTa da saerTo ganzraxviT Cadenil or an
met qmedebas.“ rogorc irkveoda gangrZobadi da araerTgzisi
danaSaulebi erTmaneTisgan subieqturi niSnebiT imijneboda.
kerZod, gangrZobadi danaSaulisas obieqturad aRebuli
calkeuli qmedebebi, araerTgzisi danaSaulisagan
gansxvavebiT, erTiani mizniTa da ganzraxviT xorcieldeba. g.
tyeSeliaZe gangrZobadi danaSaulis damaxasiTebel erT-erT
niSnad erTian da ganuwyvetel brals asaxelebda. 201
iuridiul literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom
gangrZobadi danaSaulis calkeul obieqtur qmedebebs sxva
201
ix. tyeSeliaZe g. pasuxismgebloba danaSaulTa erTobliobisaTvis.
76
niSnebTan erTad unda axasiaTebdes msgavsi motivebi da
mizani. 202 msgavs motivebze miTiTeba araa savaldebulo,
radgan motivis cvalebadoba gavlenas ver moaxdens
gangrZobadi danaSaulis bunebaze. sruliad SesaZlebelia,
magaliTad, pirma avtomanqanis Zravis erTi nawili pirvel
dRes materialuri dainteresebis motiviT miiTvisos, xolo
meore dRes _ siyvarulis, SurisZiebis an megobrebSi
„avtoritetis“ mopovebis motiviT.
ssk-is me-14 muxlis pirvel nawilSi gangrZobadi
danaSaulis erT-erT niSnad mizania dasaxelebuli, amitom
logikuria Tu vityviT, rom gangrZobadi danaSauli mxolod
pirdapiri ganzraxviT xorcieldeba, radgan mizanze miTiTeba
ganzraxvis umaRles saxes, pirdapir ganzraxvas gulisxmobs.
am mxriv, marTebulad msjelobs g. mamulaSvili, rom
gangrZobadi danaSaulis Semadgeneli yvela diskretuli aqti
erTiani pirdapiri ganzraxviT xorcieldeba da erTi
mizniskenaa mimarTuli. 203
dReisaTvis gangrZobadi da araerTgzisi danaSaulebis
mizniT gamijvnam dakarga aqtualoba, ramdenadac sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsSi 2007 wlis 4 ivliss me-15 muxlSi
ganxorcielebuli cvlilebiT araerTgzisobis erT-erTi
winapiroba aris meore danaSaulis Cadena nasamarTlevi piris
mier, ris gamoc praqtikuladac da Teoriuladac SeuZlebelia
gangrZobad danaSauls hqondes adgili, rodesac piri mis mier
Cadenili qmedebisaTvis nasamarTlevia da amis Semdeg kvlav
axorcielebs igive danaSauls, romlisTvisac nasamarTlevia.
aq erTian mizansa da saerTo ganzraxvaze yovelgvari saubaria
zedmetia da aseT viTarebaSi yovelTvis adgili aqvs
danaSaulis araerTgzisobas.
202
ix. Кудрявцев В.Н. Общая теория квалификации преступлений. Изд. «Юристь», М.,
2001, с. 264.
203
ix. mamulaSvili g. erTiani danaSaulis cneba da formebi. avtoreferati
iuridiul mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxis mosapoveblad, Tb., 1994,
gv. 15-17.
77
$ 3. braleuli qmedebis motivirebulobis
problema
qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba

sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas awesebs mxolod da
mxolod danaSaulis CadenisaTvis. danaSaulis erT-erTi
elementi ki bralia, romelic, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna,
ucilobliv gulisxmobs umarTlobis Camdenis gakicxvas misi
Seracxaobis gaTvaliswinebiT. am sakiTxze g. tyeSeliaZe
miuTiTebs, rom `bralis ZiriTadi funqciaa Sefaseba. esaa misi
mTavari daniSnuleba, magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom igi
Tavisufalia aRwerilobiTi momentisagan, brali niSnavs
gakicxvas, magram es gakicxva efuZneba fsiqikur
damokidebulebas, motivebs.~ 204
amgvari gakicxva martooden mosamarTlis subieqtur
Tvalsazriss ki ar gulisxmobs, aramed gakicxva kompleqsuri
cnebaa, romelic obieqturi (e.i. umarTlobis) da subieqturi
niSnebis, adamianis subieqturi Tvisebebisa da
SesaZleblobebis Sefasebas gulisxmobs (magaliTad, asaki,
fsiqikuri Seracxaoba da sxva iseTi garemoebebis araarseboba,
romlebic gamoricxaven sxvagvarad qcevis SesaZleblobas).
logikuria Tu vityviT, rom braleul moqmedebaze saubari
mxolod maSin SeiZleba, rodesac adamians Tavisufali qcevis
SesaZlebloba aqvs. aseTi qceva ki mxolod nebelobiTi
moqmedebis drosaa SesaZlebeli.
vinaidan danaSauli nebelobiTi moqmedebaa, ar unda
iyos SemTxveviTi is faqti, rom danaSaulis Cadenisas motivisa
da miznis dadgena qmedebis danaSaulad swori kvalifikaciis
aucilebeli winaprobaa.
motivisa da miznis erT-erTi funqcia isicaa, rom isini
saSualebas iZleva sxva pirobebTan erTad davadginoT qmedeba
ganzraxaa Cadenili Tu gaufrTxileblobiT. „motivi da mizani,
_ wers b. volkovi, _ aramarto saSualebas iZleva
davaxasiaTod damnaSavis fsiqikuri mdgomareoba danaSaulis
Cadenisas, gamovavlinoT marTlsawinaaRmdego qcevis mizezebi,
aramed marTebulad ganvsazRvroT bralis forma, damnaSavis
sazogadoerivi saSiSroebis xarisxi.“ 205
motivi danaSaulis subieqturi mxaris sxva niSnebTan
erTad bralis socialur safuZvels warmoadgens. mas bralis
cnebaSi Seaqvs moralur-eTikuri Sefasebis momenti. erTi da
imave pirobebSi sakuTari moqmedebis gacnobierebisa da
marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis gaTvaliswinebisas brali
SeiZleba iyos naklebi an mZime, Tuki araerTgvarovania motivi
qvena xasiaTidan gamomdinare. motivi bralis xarisxze imis
204
tyeSeliaZe g. brali SefasebiTi cnebaa. saxelmwifosa da samarTlis
aqtualuri problemebi (saiubileo krebuli miZRvnili Tsu iuridiuli
fakultetis 80 wlisTavisadmi), Tsu gamomcemloba, Tb., 2003, gv. 326.
205
1965, с. 54.
78
mixedviT axdens gavlenas, motivi qvena xasiaTisaa Tu aseT
Sinaarss moklebuli. 206
iuridiul literaturaSi dResac sadaod iTvleba
sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, rom SeiZleba Tu ara visaubroT
arapirdapiri ganzraxviT da gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenil
danaSaulebSi motivsa da mizanze. avtorTa erTi nawili
marTebulad miuTiTebs, rom ramdenadac yvela danaSauli
nebelobiTia, amdenad SeuZlebelia romelime danaSauli
motivisa da miznis gareSe arsebobdes. mecnierTa meore
nawili kategoriulad gamoricxavs motivisa da miznis
arsebobas pirdapiri ganzraxviT Cadenil danaSaulTa garda.
erT-erTi rusuli sisxlis samarTlis kursSi vkiTxulobT:
„gacilebiT marTebulia im mecnierTa azri, romlis
Tanaxmadac, gaufrTxileblobiT danaSaulebTan mimarTebiT
SeiZleba visaubroT mxolod qcevis da ara danaSaulis
motivsa da mizanze. amis sasargeblod metyvelebs is, rom
kanondebeli motivsa da mizans ar miiCnevs
gaufrTxileblobiT danaSaulTa Semadgenlobebis arc
aucilebel da arc makvalificirebel niSnebad. amasTan,
mizani, romelic sasurveli Sedegis Sesaxeb warmodgenaa,
veranairad ver jdeba gaufrTxilebeli bralis farglebSi.
miuxedavad imisa, rom yoveli Seracxadi adamianis qceva
motivirebuli da mizanmimarTulia, qcevis motivebi
gaufrTxileblobisas ar gvevlineba danaSaulis motivebad,
radgan, umeteswilad, danaSaulebrivad iTvleba ara qmedeba,
aramed damdgari marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegi, romliskenac
piri ara Tu ar iswrafoda, aramed arc ki uSvebda maTi
dadgomis SesaZleblobas.“ 207
ufro adreul iuridiul literaturaSic vxvdebiT
aseT mosazrebas, TiTqos gaufrTxileblobiTi bralisas
motivi da mizani aris ara danaSulis, aramed qcevis niSnebi. 208
msgavs azrs aviTarebs a. rarogic: „migvaCnia, rom
mecnierebi, romlebic amtkiceben motivTa da mizanTa
arsebobas gaufrTxileblobiT danaSaulebSi, uSveben am
movlenebisadmi sisxlissamarTlebrivi da kriminologiuri
midgomis erTmaneTSi aRrevas. kriminologias saqme aqvs
adamianis qcevis sxvadasxva formebTan, romlebic ase Tu ise
dakavSirebulia danaSaulTan. amitom sruliad bunebrivia, rom
kriminologiuri analizis sagani SeiZleba iyos ara marto
kriminaluri qcevis, aramed mis ganxorcielebamde Cadenili
qcevis da postkriminaluri qcevis motivebic. ramdenadac
sisxlis samarTali ikvlevs mxolod danaSaulebriv qcevas,
206
207
Курс уголовного права. Учебник для вузов. В пяти томах. Под редакцией проф. Н. Ф.
«Зерцало-М», М.,2002, с. 348-349.
208
ix: 1) Курс совотского уголовного права, (часть общая), т. 1, Л., Изд. ЛГУ,1968, с. 442; 2)
Трайнин А.Н. соч., с. 221-222.
79
amdenad im motivebidan, romlebmac gansazRvres ama Tu im
piris socialurad mniSvnelovani qceva, sisxlis
samarTlisaTvis mniSvnelovania mxolod isini, romlebmac
ubiZges danaSaulis Cadenisaken da masSi gamovlindnen, e.i.
danaSaulebrivi motivebi anu ufro zustad _ danaSaulis
motivebi.“ 209
b. volkovi marTebulad ar iziarebs im mecnierTa
mosazrebas, romlis mixedviTac, motivi da mizani mxolod
ganzraxi bralis niSnebia, rameTu gaufrTxileblobisas ar
arsebobs damnaSavis mizanmimarTuleba da amavdroulad
damnaSaves ar gaaCnia danaSaulis Cadenis ganzraxva. aseTi
mtkiceba misi azriT: „aramarto ewinaaRmdegeba danaSaulis,
rogorc nebelobiTi aqtis gagebas, aramed usagnod aqcevs
sisxlis samarTlis kanons, romelic pasuxismgeblobas awesebs
gaufrTxileblobiTi qmedebisaTvis. Tuki piris neba araa
dakavSirebuli damdgar SedegebTan (xazgasma Cemia. _ i.d.),
maSin aSkaraa, rom ar arsebobs safuZveli
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisaTvis. ganzraxi da
gaufrTxileblobiTi danaSauli erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeba
ara motivirebuli moqmedebis arsebobiT an ararsebobiT
(xazgasma Cemia. _ i.d.), aramed am moqmedebis SinaarsiT. kerZod,
am moqmedebis gacnobierebis araerTgvarovani SinaarsiT
(xazgasma Cemia. _ i.d.) da Sedegisadmi sxvadasxvagvari
damokidebulebiT.~ 210
arapirdapiri ganzraxvisas motivi da mizani
SeuZlebelia rom ar iyos. cnobilia, rom ganzraxvis erT-erTi
komponenti marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebaa. maSasadame, piris
motivis CamoyalibebaSi samarTlebrivi normis ignorireba
arapirdapiri ganzraxviT danaSaulis motivaciis faqtoris
saxiT moqmedebs, magram mizani, romelic damdgar
danaSaulebriv Sedegs ar emTxveva, miiRweva iseTi
saSualebiTa da xerxiT, romlis gamoyenebasac kauzaluri
procesi ise SeuZlia waiyvanos, rom igi albaTobis maRali
xarisxiT gamoiwvevs marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegs.
arapirdapiri ganzraxviTa da TviTimedovnebiT
Cadenili qmdebebisas, danaSaulis nebelobiTi Sinaarsi
mdgomareobs sxva miznebisaken mimarTul qmedebaSi. magaliTad,
xalxmraval adgilze umisamarTo srolisas moqmedebis mizani,
marTalia, ar aris konkretuli pirovnebis mokvla, magram
damnaSve miznad isaxavs sazogadoebrivi wesrigis darRvevas. 211
Tuki arapirdapiri ganzraxvisas piri iswrafvis
marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis dadgomis sawinaaRmdego miznis
gansaxorcielebisaken, miuxedavad imisa, rom aseTi Sedegi
dadgeba, TviTimedovnebisas piris moqmedeba dasaxuli miznis
209
Рарог А.И. Субъективная сторона и квалификация преступлений. М., 2001, с. 62-63.
210
211
80
misaRwevad dakavSirebulia marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis
acilebis mizanTan.
debuleba, rom yoveli danaSauli nebelobiTi
xasiaTisaa, sakmarisi safuZveli unda gamxdariyo
mecnierebisaTvis ekvliaT gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenil
danaSaulebSi motivisa da miznis gamovlenis specifikur
formebi da ar unda waremarTaT Tavisi kvlevebi motivisa da
miznis uaryofisaken. gaufrTxileblobiT danaSaulebSi
motivisa da miznis uaryofa dasmuli problemis zedapiruli
ganxilvis Sedegi unda iyos. kerZod, aseTi azris ganviTarebas
xeli Seuwyo im faqtma, rom damnaSavis moqmedebis motivi ar
kmayofildeba gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenili danaSauliT
gamowveuli SedegiT, rameTu moqmedebis mizani miuRweveli
rCeba. magaliTad, a-s surs avadmyofis droulad miyvana
saavadmyofoSi, ris gamoc avtomanqaniT moZraobis daSvebul
siswrafes gadaaWarbebs da fexiT mosiarules daazianebs. aq
motivma (magaliTad, dazaralebulis gardacvalebis SiSi)
gamoiwvia disharmonia, romlis moxsnisTvis aucilebelia
dazaralebulis saavadmyofoSi miyvana, romelic miznis
(gadaarCinos adamiani) miRwevis saSualebad gvevlineba.
marTebulia b. volkovis mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac
sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba yovelTvis araa
ganpirobebuli sasurveli sazogadoebrivad saSiSi Sedegis
dadgomiT, romelic nebis uSualo gamoxatulebaa. aseTi
Tanxvedra mxolod pirdapiri ganzraxviT Cadenil
danaSaulebSi SeiZleba, sadac Sedegi moqmedebis mizania.
arapirdapiri ganzraxviTa da gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenil
danaSaulebSi Sedegi gvevlineba, ara rogorc moqmedebis
mizani, aramed gverdiT, meorad Sedegad. 212
v. mayaSvili danaSaulebrivi TviTimedovnebisas ar
gamoricxavs qmedebis motivirebulobas da motivaciis process
ase axasiaTebs: `danaSaulebrivi TviTimedovnebisas swored
Sedegis ardadgomis Sesaxeb warmodgenas eZleva gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba da iqceva im erT-erT motivad, romelic
ganamtkicebs piris gadawyvetilebas imoqmedos dasaxuli
miznis misaRwevad.~ 213
es mosazreba mcireoden Sesworebas moiTxovs. kerZod,
Sedegis ardadgomis Sesaxeb warmodgena motivi ki ar aris
TviTimedovnebisas, aramed motivaciis erT-erTi subieqturi
faqtoria, romelic adamianis praqtikili moqmedebis
gadawyvetilebas ganamtkicebs. gadawyvetilebis ganmtkicebis
Sesaxeb TviT v. mayaSvilic miuTiTebs, magram am funqcias
motivs miawers. am kuTxiT ki gamodis, rom motivs motivi
ganamtkicebs. es ki fsiqologiurad SeuZlebelia, radgan erT
moqmedebas mxolod erTi motivi SeiZleba daedos safuZvlad.
212
213
Макашвили В.Г. Уголовная ответственность за неосторожность. М., 1957, с. 38.
81
TviTimedovnebisas, romelic windaxedulobis
gacnobierebuli darRvevaa, sakuTari moqmedebis
ganpirobebuloba ufro mkafiod gvevlineba. aseT
danaSaulebSi motivi, ase vTqvaT, „uSvebs sakuTari Tavis
SegrZnebas,“ xolo daudevrobisas unda gadawydes Semdegi
sakiTxi: _ SeeZlo Tu ara pirs gaeTvaliswinebina sakuTari
moqmedebis Sedegi. am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad aucilebelia
vicodeT am piris qcevis motivi. magaliTad, daudevrad
moqmedi meisris pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvrisaTvis
aucilebelia dadgindes, riTi xelmZRvanelobda moqmedebis
ganxorcielebisas da iyo Tu ara aseTi moqmedeba
SeuTavsebeli masze dakisrebuli movaleobisadmi. 214
motivisa da miznis arsebobas gaufrTxileblobiT
danaSaulebSi arc ion leqSasi uaryofs: _ motivebi
damnaSavis konkretul miznebs gansazRvraven rogorc
ganzraxi, ise gaufrTxileblobiTi danaSaulisas. pirdapiri
ganzraxvisagan gansxvavebiT, gaufrTxileblobisas damnaSaves
ara aqvs ama Tu im danaSaulis Cadenis gacnobierebuli mizani.
magaliTad, rkinigzis meisres CaeZina, rasac matareblis
marcxi mohyva. misi mizani iyo Zilis dakmayofileba da ara
xalxisTvis sicocxlis mospoba da rkinigzis transportis
moZraobisTvis safrTxis Seqmna. am dros meisris mizani,
romelic mimarTuli iyo Zilis dakmayofilebisaken, ganicdis
mis mier Tavisi movaleobis gacnobierebis ukmarisobas
(xazgasma Cemia. _ i.d.). 215
marTebulia b. volkovis mosazreba, rom Tu meisrem
gulmaviwyobis gamo ar gadawia isari, rasac matareblis
marcxi mohyva, maSin aSkaraa, rom am Sedegis mizezi
movaleobasTan SeuTavsebeli meisris nebelobiTi qceva iyo.
maSasadame, gaufrTxileblobisas motivi da mizani
antisazogadoebriv xasiaTs atarebs. 216
gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenili danaSaulis
motivirebulobaze miuTiTebs b. utevskic: _ `yoveli qmedebis
motiviT ganpirobebuloba exeba ara marto ganzrax qmedebebs
(amitom arasworia motivis mxolod ganzraxvasTan
dakavSirebis mcdelobebi), aramed gaufrTxileblobiT
ganxorcielebul qmedebebsac.~ 217
analogiur mosazrebas gamoTqvams b. volkovi: „motivi
nebis aucilebeli elementia; mis gareSe ar SeiZleba
romelime adamianuri saqmianobis moazreba.
gaufrTxileblobiTi danaSaulis motivirebulobis uaryofiT
Cven mas varTmevT ZiriTad Tvisebas, romlis gareSec ar
214
215
ix. Лекшас Ион. Вина как субъективная сторона преступного деяния. (Перевод с
немецкого) М., 1958, с. 18-20.
216
217
Утевский Б.С. Вина в советском уголовном праве. М., 1950, с. 149.
82
arsebobs arc gakicxva da arc sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgebloba... ganzraxi moqmedebisagan gansxvavebiT
daudevrobisas neba, rogorc mizani da motivi ar vrceldeba
marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegebze. isini mocemulia iseT aqtebSi,
romlebic SeuTavsebelia piris valdebulebebTan.~ magaliTad,
rogor davadginoT eqimis braleuloba avadmyofisaTvis
daxmarebis aRmouCenlobisas Tu ar davadgineT misi moqmedebis
motivi. 218
motivisa da miznis arsebobaze b. xaraziSvilic
miuTiTebs ara marto arapirdapiri ganzraxvisas, aramed
gaufrTileblobiT Cadenil danaSaulebSic, sadac motivi da
mizani danaSaulis Semadgenlobis farglebs gareTa
moxseniebuli, magram, misi azriT, es srulebiT ar miuTiTebs
qmedebis aramotivirebulobaze. mas aseTi magaliTi mohyavs:
`subieqti esvris xeze mjdom Cits, sadac imyofeba mebaRe. am
dros piri usafuZvlod imedovnebs marTlsawinaaRmdego
Sedegis acilebas. gasrolis Sedegad tyvia xvdeba mebaRes.
mocemul magaliTSi subieqtis motivi aris sportuli
interesi, xolo mizani _ Citis mokvla.~ 219
dasmuli problemis kvlevisas xelovnuradaa
dapirispirebuli neba da moqmedeba, qceva da Sedegi. `piris
qceva gaufrTxileblobisas, _ wers b. volkovi, _ romelic
ewinaaRmdegeba masze dakisrebul movaleobebs, aris swored is
nebelobiTi aqti, romelic gansazRvravs sazogadoebrivad
saSiSi qmedebis mimarTulebas. Sedegi gaufrTxileblobisas
aris ara safuZveli (xazgasma Cemia. _ i.d.), aramed
sisxlissmarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis aucilebeli piroba.
sisxlissmarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli aqac aris
marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba, romlis arsi, rogorc zemoT iyo
naCvenebi, mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igi SeuTavsebelia pirze
dakisrebuli movaleobisadmi iyos frTxili, yuradRebiani,
windaxeduli.~ 220
aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom iuridiul
literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmadac,
gaufrTxileblobiTi danaSauli impulsuri qcevaa. kerZod, m.
ugrexeliZe d. uznaZis Teoriaze dayrdnobiT
gaufrTxileblobis impulsurobas imiT xsnis, rom
gaufrTxilebloba ganwyobis doneze mimdinare fsiqikuri
aqtivobaa da impulsuri qcevis msgavsad gaufrTxileblobisas
adgili aqvs uyuradRebobas, ris gamoc „socialurad saziano
218
219
Харазишвили Б. В. Вопросы мотива поведения преступника в советском праве. Гос. изд.
«Цодна», Тб. 1963, с. 88-91.
220
83
Sedegebis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba
gaufrTxileblobisTvis Sinaganadaa damaxasiaTebeli.“ 221
SeuZlebelia romelime kriminalistma raime argumenti
moiyvanos imis sawinaaRmdegod, rom nebismieri danaSauli
nebelobiTi xasiaTisaa. logikuria Tu vityviT, rom yoveli
danaSauli motivirebuli da mizanmimarTulia. Tuki adamianis
qcevis mizani da damdgari Sedegi erTmaneTs ar emTxveva, es
imas ki ar niSnavs, rom piris moqmedeba am SemTxvevaSi
umotivoa da Sesabamisad umizno, aramed motivaciis
struqturaSi unda veZeboT is mizezebi, ramac ganapiroba
miznis ganuxorcielebloba. vTqvaT, studenti gamocdis win
ramodenime sakiTxs ar swavlobs im imediT, rom mas es
sakiTxebi ar Sexvdeba. moxda ise, rom students marTalac
Seuswavleli sakiTxebi Sexvda da CaiWra. udavoa, rom
gamocdaze CaWra misi TviTimedovnebis Sedegia. gana vinmes
SeuZlia Tqvas, rom vinaidan Sedegi studentis gamiznuli
moqmedebiT ar dadga, misi qceva araa motivirebuli? ra Tqma
unda ara. adamianis nebelobiTi moqmedebis ganxorcielebaze
gavlenas axdens subieqturi da obieqturi faqtorebi.
„adamianis moqmedebis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi, _ wers d.
kiknaZe, _ iyofa or jgufad _ subieqturad da obieqturad.
obieqtur faqtorebs miekuTvneba adamianis moqmedebis garemo
da qceva, xolo subieqturs _ moTxovnilebani da mis
safuZvelze warmoSobili interesebi, survilebi, miswrafebebi,
miznebi, grZnobebi, motivebi, ganwyobebi da sxv.“ 222
m. ugrexeliZem sakuTari mosazreba gaufrTxileblobiT
Cadenili danaSaulis Sesaxeb sxva naSromSic gamoTqva: _
„daudevrobis Tavisebureba imiT gamoixateba, rom adamianis
yuradRebis aqtivobas romelime garkveuli mimarTulebiT Tan
axlavs damatebiT amave yuradRebis pasiuroba sxva romelime
mimarTulebiT.“ 223
es ukanaskneli Sexeduleba naklebadaa dasabuTebuli.
marTebulad SeniSnavs g. naWyebia, rom „Tu ganzraxvis
fsiqologiuri buneba nebismieria, xolo gaufrTxileblobis _
impulsuri, mZime Sedegiani deliqtebis (sabWoTa ssk-is 110-e
muxlis meore naw. (moqmedi ssk-is 117-e muxlis me-2, me-4, me-6 an
me-8 naw. Camateba Cemia. _ i.d.) fsiqologiuri buneba
erTdroulad nebismieric iqneba da impulsuric. magram d.
uznaZis fsiqologiuri Teoriis safuZvelze, es imis
mtkicebasac niSnavs, rom erTsa da imave subieqts
erTdroulad SeuZlia Seqmnas rogorc nebismieri, ise
221
Угрехелидзе М.Г. К вопросу о психологической природе неосторожности. Jurnali
`macne,~ filosofiis, fsiqologiis, ekonomikisa da samarTlis seria, 1972,
#4, gv. 176.
222
сакартвело», Тб., 1982, с. 15.
223
ugrexeliZe m. daudevrobis dros moraluri bralis dasabuTebisaTvis,
Jurnali `sabWoTa samarTali,~ 1975, #1, gv. 9.
84
impulsuri qcevis ganwyoba. rogoraa es SesaZlebeli?~ 224 g.
naWyebia gaufrTxileblobis socialur-fsiqologiur Sinaarss
fiqsirebul ganwyobaSi xedavs, romelic arc nebismieria da
arc impulsuri. 225
Tuki adamianis dasaxuli mizani ver miiRweva da sxva
Sedegi dadgeba, maSin adgili aqvs subieqtis Secdomas anu
obieqturi faqtorebisaTvis arasaTanadod angariSis gawevas.
ratom xdeba ise, rom kauzaluri procesi im gziT
warimarTeba, romelic pirs ar unda? am SekiTxvaze pasuxi
erTia: imitom, rom adamiani mcdarad aRiqvams gare samyaros im
faqtorebs, romlebic monawileoben nebelobiTi qcevis
ganxorcielebaSi. qcevis motivirebuloba ar niSnavs imas, rom
adamianis moqmedebas yovelTvis unda mohyves is Sedegi,
romelic pirs surs. adamianis moqmedeba, rom yovelTvis
sasurveli SedegiT mTavrdebodes, maSin samyaro
dabrkolebebis gareSe iarsebebda. magaliTad, a. oTaxSi
anTebul sanTels datovebs da mis daudevrobas saxlis dawva
mohyveba; anda moWidave daudevrad iqceoda da araswori
poziciis gamo waagebs. aris Tu ara maTi moqmedebebi
motivirebuli? ra Tqma unda aris, radgan adamians
cxovelisagan gansxvavebiT aqvs cnobiereba, rac mas
saSualebas aZlevs imoqmedos sxvagvarad anu imoqmedos ara
ise, rogorc mas surs aramed ise, rogorc amas misi
socialuri statusi, misi movaleoba moiTxovs. Tuki adamiani
socialuri arsebacaa, amitom igi valdebulia angariSi
gauwios sazogadoebaSi moqmed qcevis wesebs.
amrigad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pirdapiri ganzraxviT
Cadenili danaSaulisagan gansxvavebiT, sadac danaSaulebrivi
mizani eWvgareSea, arapirdapiri ganzraxviTa da
gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenili danaSaulebisas mizani zogadad
marTalia ar aris danaSaulebrivi (amitomacaa, rom
eventualuri ganxraxviT da gaufrTxileblobiT danaSaulis
momzadeba da mcdeloba ar SeiZleba), magram SeuZlebelia
motivaciis procesSi monawile yvela faqtori umniSvnelo
iyos uaryofiTi Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT, radgan nebelobiT
moqmedebaze gavlenis mqone obieqturi faqtorebi mcdaraada
Sefasebuli da amis safuZvelze miznis misaRwevad SerCeuli
moqmedebis xerxs da saSualebas mivyavarT danaSaulebriv
Sedegamde. danaSaulebrivi Sedegi ki gamoavlens moqmedebis
xerxisa da saSualebis miuReblobas samarTlisaTvis. swored,
saTanado yuradRebis gamouCenlobis gamo ikicxeba piri
arapirdapiri ganzraxviT da gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenili
danaSaulisTvis imdenad, ramdenadac motivaciis procesis
obieqturi faqtorebisadmi uyuradRebo damokidebulebam
gamoiwvia danaSaulerivi Sedegi (uyuradRebobis xarisxi
224
mosapoveblad, Tb., 1975, gv. 67.
225
85
cvalebadobs anu matulobs arapirdapiri ganzraxvidan
daudevrobisaken). Tuki es faqtorebi monawileoben motivaciis
procesSi, maSasadame, motivis CamoyalibebaSi, maSin
logikuria Tu vityviT, rom maT gamo motivic da mizanic
auryofiT elfers iZens, radgan motivisa da miznis Sefaseba
azrs iZens konkretuli droisa da adgilis mixedviT.
gansaxilvel viTarebaSi ki motivi da mizani gakicxvis
obieqti unda gaxdes, rameTu motivis dakmayofileba da miznis
miRweva, konkretuli droisa da adgilis gaTvaliswinebiT,
danaSaulebrivi xerxiTa da saSualebiT xdeba.
$ 4. danaSaulis stadiebis gammijnavi

subieqturi kriteriumebi
qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT

pasuxismgebloba dawesebulia aramarto damTavrebuli, aramed
daumTavrebeli danaSaulisaTvis. pasuximgeblobis
individualizaciis principidan gamomdinare didi
mniSvneloba eniWeba danaSaulis stadiebis zustad dadgenas,
radgan danaSaulis momzadebisas samarTliT dacul obieqts
jer kidev ar Seqmnia safrTxe danaSaulis mcdelobisagan
gansxvavebiT, xolo danaSaulis mcdelobis dros ki jer
kidev araa samarTliT daculi obieqti dazianebuli (viwro
gagebiT), rogorc amas adgili aqvs damTavrebuli
danaSaulisas. maSasadame, socialuri saSiSroebis
TvalsazrisiT danaSaulis yoveli momdevno stadia ufro
mZimea mis winamorbed stadiasTan SedarebiT.
danaSaulis stadiebis sworad dadgenas gansakuTrebiT
didi mniSvneloba aqvs maSin, Tu kanonmdebeli danaSaulis
stadiebisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis diferenciacias axdens.
`pasuxismgeblobis individualizacia, _ wers g. naWyebia, _
praqtikulad SeuZlebeli iqneboda, Tu kanonmdebeli sisxlis
samarTlis kanonSi ar gaiTvaliswinebda pasuxismgeblobis
diferencirebul zomebs. amdenad, pasuxismgeblobis
diferenciacia da individualizacia arsebiTad erTi
principia, romelic mimarTulia kanonmdebelze, xolo
sasjelis daniSvna, rogorc praqtikuli procesi, sisxlis
samarTlis kanonis Sesabamisad xorcieldeba.~ 226
am mxriv, aRsaniSnavia ssk-is 56-e muxlis me-4 nawili,
sadac gansxvavebul `saSeRavaTo~ pirobaa dadgenili im
226
naWyebia g. sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebis sagani. gamom. „meridiani,“ Tb.,
1998, gv. 139.
86
danaSaulTaTvis, romlebisTvisac sanqciiT dawesebulia
uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. kerZod, am saxis danaSaulTa
momzadebisTvis an mcdelobisTvis uvado Tavisuflebis
aRkveTa ar iniSneba.
rogorc vxedavT, danaSaulis stadiebis arasworma
gansazRvram SeiZleba damnaSaves ukanonod daumZimos anda
piriqiT, Seumsubuqos sasjeli.
danaSaulis stadiebis dadgenisaTvis, ra Tqma unda,
didi mniSvneloba eniWeba qmedebis obieqtur Tvisebebs.
magaliTad, Tu saxlSi piri Sevida mkvlelobis
gansaxorcieleblad adgili aqvs danaSaulis momzadebas,
xolo qurdobis Casadenad saxlSi Sesvla danaSaulis
mcdelobad unda Caivalos.
danaSaulis bunebidan gamomdinare zogjer
SeuZlebelia sworad ganvsazRvroT danaSaulis stadiebi
qmedebis garegani daxasiaTebiT. amitom qmedebis swori
kvalifikaciisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba
damnaSavis ganzraxvis, motivisa da miznis Seswavlas.
`kanonSi rac ar unda mkveTrad iyos aRniSnuli yoveli
stadiis obieqturi Tvisebebi, isini, ra Tqma unda, ver
amowuraven yvela gammijnav niSnebs; stadiebis SefasebisaTvis
arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs danaSaulis subieqtur Tvisebebs,
gansakuTrebiT moqmedebis mizans (xazgasma Cemia. _ i.d.).~ 227
adamianis ganxorcielebuli qmedeba, magaliTad,
iaraRis SeZena, darajis mier signalizaciis gamorTva,
megobarTan saxlSi Sesvla da a.S., obieqturi TvalTaxedviT
samarTlisaTvis umniSvneloa, magram rogorc ki daviwyebT
subieqtis motivisa da miznis Seswavlas faqtiurad arsebuli
suraTi SeiZleba radikalurad Seicvalos. es bunebrivicaa,
radgan qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobas zogjer piris
moqmedebis mizani afuZnebs.
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-18 muxlis pirveli
nawilis mixedviT danaSaulis momzadeba mxolod ganzrax
SeiZleba. miuxedavd imisa, rom ganzraxva ori saxisaa _
pirdapiri da arapirdapiri _ iuridiul literaturaSi
TiTqmis aRaravin kamaTobs imis Sesaxeb, rom momzadeba
mxolod piradapiri ganzraxviT SeiZleba. Tumca, vxvdebiT am
sakiTxisadmi sxvagvari azris dasabuTebis mcdelobasac.
magaliTad, a. kozlovi wers: `... vfiqrobT, rom sruliad
dasabuTebulad uaryofen sisxlis samarTalSi mxolod
ganzrax momzadebis arsebobas da gvTavazoben vcnoT
gaufrTxileblobiT momzadebis praqtikul mizanSewoniloba
da sisxlissamarTlebrivi mniSvneloba.~ 228
227
228
dawvrilebiT ix: Козлов А. П. Учение о стадиях преступления, серия «теория и
практика уголовного права и уголовного процесса», изд. «Юридицеский центр», Санкт-
Петербург, 2000, с. 212-259.
87
marTalia, ssk-is 19-e muxlis pirveli nawili
danaSaulis mcdelobis gansazRvrisas ar akonkretebs
mcdeloba pirdapiri ganzraxviT SeiZleba Tu arapirdapiriT,
magram sakiTxis Rrma analizi saSaulebas mogvcems
davaskvnaT, rom danaSaulis mcdeloba mxolod pirdapiri
ganzraxviT SeiZleba. Tumca, uaxloes qarTul iuridiul
literaturaSi xvdebiT mosazrebasac evenualuri ganzraxviT
danaSaulis mcdelobis daSvebis SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb. 229
eventualuri ganzraxviT mcdelobis SesaZleblobas
uaryofs T. wereTeli: _ `mcdelobis konstituciuri niSani
imaSi mdgomareobs, rom danaSaulebrivi neba mimarTulia
danaSaulis ganxorcielebaze.~ 230
cnobilia, rom adamianis nebelobiTi qceva
mizanmimarTul xasiaTs atarebs. maSasadame, pirs am dros
yovelTvis surs raime Sedegis miRweva, romlis
ganxorcieleba, Tavis mxriv, qcevis motivis dakmayofilebas
iwvevs, e.i. adamiani SeiZleba mxolod imisTvis emzadebodes an
imas cdilobdes, rac misi moqmedebis mizans Seadgens.
sisxlissamarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, momzadeba da mcdeloba
mxolod pirdapiri ganzraxviT SeiZleba, radgan mizani
martooden pirdapiri ganzraxvis elementia. 231
am mxriv, yuradRebas ipyrobs o. gamyreliZis
mosazreba: `danaSaulebrivi Sedegis ganxorcielebis mizani
pirdapiri ganzraxvis aucilebeli elementia. eventualuri
ganzraxvisaTvis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli Sedegis
ganxorcielebis mizani, vinaidan damnaSaves ar surs Sedegi.
pirdapiri ganzraxvis dros survili da mizani erTmaneTs
emTxveva, erTi meoris gareSe ar arsebobs. eventualuri
ganzraxvis dros ki, piriqiT, kacs danaSaulebrivi Sedegis
ganxorcielebis arc survili aqvs da arc mizani.~ 232
mxolod pirdapiri ganzraxviT danaSaulis mcdelobis
ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobas o. gamyrliZe mis Semdgom
naSromebSic asabuTebs. marTalac, udavoa is faqti, rom
mcdelobis sakanonmdeblo gansazRvrebaSi moxseniebuli
sityvebi ùSualod~ da `mimarTuli~ pirdapir ganzraxvas
gulisxmobs. 233
229
ix. turava m. sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, meeqvse
Sevsebuli da gadamuSvebuli gamocema, Tb., 2006, gv. 76.
230
wereTeli T. danaSaulis momzadeba da mcdeloba. saqarTvelos ssr
mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, Tb., 1961, gv. 176.
231
gamomcemloba, 2004, gv. 164-165.
232
gamyreliZe o. sisxlissamarTlebrivi umarTlobis problema da
Tanamonawileobis dasjadobis safuZveli. gamom. `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1989,
gv. 68.
233
gv. 160.
88
msgavsi mosazreba gamoTqmuli aqvs a. rarogsac: _ „...
sityva „uSualod“ niSnavs: piradapirs, ZiriTadad, pirvel
rigSi, xolo „uSualod mimarTuli“ TanabarmniSvnelovania
Semdegi sityvebis: pirdapir gamiznuli, dagegmili. xolo
mizanmimarTuli, gegmazomieri moqmedeba yovelTvis
ganisazRvreba surviliT.“ 234
danaSaulis momzadebisa da mcdelobis eventualuri
ganzaxviT Cadenis SesaZleblobas uaryofen sabWoTa sisxlis
samarTlis kursis avtorebic. 235
n. durmanovic exeba aRniSnul problemas da
marTebulad miuTiTebs, rom eventualuri ganzraxvisas piris
moqmedeba mimarTulia sxva Sedegis miRwevisaken. am dros igi
iTvaliswinebs SesaZlo danaSaulebriv Sedegs rogorc Tavisi
ZiriTadi marTlzomieri Tu aramarTlzomieri moqmedebis
gverdiT produqts. eventualuri ganzraxvis dros piris arc
erTi moqmedeba araa mimarTuli specialurad am Sedegisaken. 236
eventualuri ganzraxviT, rom mcdeloba ar SeiZleba
amas TviT sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi aRwerili zogierTi
danaSaulis Semadgenlobis analizic mowmobs. ssk-is 127-e
(sicocxlisaTvis saSiS mdgomareobaSi Cayeneba) da 128-e
(gansacdelSi mitoveba) muxlebiT kanonmdebelma
pasuxismgebloba imitom daawesa, rom arapirdapiri ganzraxviT
mcdeloba SeuZlebelia da radgan sicocxle mniSvnelovani
samarTlebrivi sikeTea da mas ar surs Sedegis dadgomamde
daucveli iyos sicocxle, ukve sicocxlisaTvis safrTxis
Semqmnac damoukidebeli damTavrebuli danaSaulis
Semadgenlobis saxiTaa mocemuli.
danaSaulis mcdeloba rom mxolod pirdapiri
ganzraxviT SeiZleba amas adasturebs ssk-is 117-e muxlic
(janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianeba). aRniSnuli muxlis
dispoziciaSi kanonmdebeli janmrTelobis dazianebad
akvalificirebs iseT qmedebasac, romelic `saxifaToa
sicocxlisaTvis.~ Tuki Cven eventualuri ganzraxviT
danaSaulis mcdelobas vaRiarebT maSin, logikurad
mkvlelobis mcdelobad unda davakvalificiroT
janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianebis SemTxvevac, radgan
obieqturad saxezea sicocxlisaTvis safrTxis Seqmna da
damnaSave am dros dazaralebulis sikvdilis mimarT
arapirdapiri ganzraxviT moqmedebs. 237 safrTxe ki is
konstituciuri elementia, romelic ganasxvavebs danaSaulis
234
Рарог А.И. Умисель в формальных преступлениях, при приготовлении, покушении и
соучастии. Журнал «Советское государство и право», 1977, №1, с. 67.
235
ix: 1) Курс советского уголовного права, часть общая, изд. Ленинградского
университета, т. 1, 1968, с. 541; 2) Курс советского уголовного права, часть общая,
Преступление, изд. «Наука», , Т. 2, М., 1970, с. 429.
236
ix. Дурманов Н.Д. Стадии совершения преступления по советскому уголовному праву,
М.,1955, с. 124.
237
analogiuri azri gamoTqmulia: _ sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili
(wigni I), avtorTa koleqtivi, redaqtori prof. g. tyeSeliaZe,
gamomcemloba `meridiani,~ Tb., 2006, gv. 78.
89
mcdelobas danaSaulis momzadebisa da damTavrebuli
danaSaulisagan. rCeba erTi gza: mizani unda miviCnioT
danaSaulis mcdelobis aucilebel subieqtur elementad.
mizani ki mxolod pirdapiri ganzraxvis elementia. maSasadame,
danaSaulis mcdelobac mxolod piradapiri ganzraxviT
SeiZleba. amitom, ssk-is 19-e muxlis pirvel nawils, sadac
danaSaulis mcdelobis cnebaa gansazRvruli, unda mieces
SezRudviTi axsna-ganmarteba, radgan kanonmdebeli ar
akonkretebs ganzraxvis saxes.
adamianis qcevis mizanze dakvirveba saSualebas iZleva
obieqturad damTavrebuli danaSauli daumTavrebel
danaSaulad davakvalificiroT. marTebulad SeniSnavs b.
volkovi, rom èrTi da igive moqmedebas (umoqmedobas) gaaCnia
sxvadasxva azri, Tu isini ganpirobebulia sxvadasxva
motivebiTa da miznebiT.~ 238 magaliTad, a-m b-s daartya da
janmrTeloba naklebad mZimed dauziana. Tuki a. moqmedebda
mkvlelobis mizniT mkvlelobis mcdeloba iqneba; Tu
xulignuri qvena grZnobiT _ xulignoba da a.S.
maSasadame, motivi da mizani saSualebas iZleva sworad
ganvsazRvroT Tu rodis iTvleba damnaSavis mier
ganxorcielebuli qmedeba damTavrebul danaSaulad an
danaSaulis romel stadiazea SeCerebuli misi danaSaulebrivi
qmedeba anda xom ar hqonda adgili danaSaulze nebayoflobiT
xelis aRebas. amasTan, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom danaSaulis
stadiebis sworad dadgeniT umarTlobis tipic icvleba
magaliTad, Tu adamians tyviis gasroliT janmrTeloba mZimed
dauziandeba, mxolod obieqturad damdgari Sedegi saSualebas
ar mogvcems gavsazRvroT Tu ra tipis umarTlobas aqvs
adgili: _ janmrTelobis dazianebis Tu mkvlelobis
umarTlobas. am sakiTxis gadasWrelad aucilebelia
dadgindes damnaSavis moqmedebis mizani. 239
danaSulis damTavrulad miCneva mis sakanonmdeblo
konstruqciazea damokidebuli, amitom qmedebis danaSaulad
kvalifikaciisaTvis aranairi mniSvneloba ara aqvs im
saboloo mizans, romelsac damnaSave isaxavda, Tu es mizani
ar aris danaSaulis Semadgenlobis aucilebeli niSani.
sisxlis samarTalSi motivisa da miznis ZiriTadi
praqtikuli mniSvneloba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom mocemuli
niSnebi uSualo zegavlenas axdenen danaSaulis
kvalifikaciaze. amasTan, motivisa da miznis es roli
damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra mniSvnelobas aniWebs
238
1965, с. 24.
239
gamomcemloba, 2004, gv. 157-158
90
kanonmdebeli am niSnebs danaSaulis niSnebis
daxasiaTebisas. 240
udavod sworia T. wereTlis pozicia am sakiTxis
Sesaxeb: _ `borotmoqmedis zraxvebi SeiZleba gacilebiT ufro
Sors midiodes, vidre danaSaulis Semadgenloba. magaliTad,
angarebiT mkvlelobis dros borotmoqmedis zraxva moicavs
ara marto kacis mokvlas, aramed gamorCenis miRebasac
(magaliTad, memkvidreobis miRebas, qonebis dauflebas da a.S.),
magram angarebiTi mkvlelobis damTavrebisaTvis sulac ar
aris saWiro, rom mkvlelma namdvilad miaRwios mis mier
dasaxul saboloo mizans.” 241
da bolos, motivisa da miznis roli aranakleb
sayuradReboa danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebis
Sesaxeb sakiTxis gadawyvetisaTvis. imis dasadgenad
Sewyvetili danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba unda Sefasdes Tu ara
danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebad, upirvels yovlisa,
unda moxdes moqmedebis motivis analizi. `danaSaulze
nebayoflobiT xelis aRebis motivi SeiZleba sxvadasxva iyos.
magaliTad, dazaralebulis sibraluli, kanonis SiSi, RvTis
SiSi, dazaralebulisadmi simpaTiiT ganwyoba da a.S... aq
mTavaria erTi momenti: miznis miRwevaze uaris Tqmis motivis
Camoyalibebisas pirs Secnobili unda hqondes, rom mas aqvs
obieqturi SesaZlebloba bolomde miiyvanos danaSauli.~ 242
aqve SeiZleba iTqvas, rom danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis
aRebis motivi xSirad metyvelebs pirovnebis socialur
saSiSroebis arseboba_ararsebobaze. `magaliTad, Tu piri
danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xels aiRebs im mosazrebiT, rom
danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi mas mTeli sicocxle
Seawuxebs Cadenili codva RvTis winaSe, maSin igi aRar aris
sazogadoebisaTvis saSiSi, xolo Tu danaSaulze xelis
aRebis motivi iqneba sasjelis SiSi, maSin piri kvlav rCeba
sazogadoebisaTvis saSiS pirad.~ 243
240
241
wereTeli T. danaSaulis momzadeba da mcdeloba. saqarTvelos ssr
mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, Tb., 1961, gv. 48.
242
dvaliZe i. danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba. Jurnali àlmanaxi,~
#19, 2004 wlis Tebervlis gamoSveba, gv. 21.
243
iqve, gv. 20-21.
91
$ 5. motivisa da miznis roli danaSaulis
amsruleblobisas da danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileobisas
a) Tanamonawileobis subieqturi mxare
moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi misi winamorbedi

sisxlis samarTli kodeqsisagan gansxvavebiT Tanamonawilis
saxed aRar miiCnevs amsrulebels, e.i. kanonmdeblis mier
Tanamonawilis saxeebi warmodgenilia viwrod gagebuli
Tanamonawileobis mixedviT. organizatori, wamqezebeli da
damxmare is pirebi arian, romelTagan sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis kerZo nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulis
Semadgenlobas uSualod ar asruleben. aq swored viwrod
gagebuli Tanamonawileobis sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis subieqturi mxaris problema iqneba
ganxiluli, romelic araerT problemas warmoSobs misi
zogierTi Taviseburebidan gamomdinare.
cnobilia, rom Tanamonawileoba TviTon ki araa
romelime konkretuli danaSauli, aramed ama Tu im
danaSaulis ganxorcielebis formaa da TanamonawileTa
erToblivi nebelobiTi qmedebis Sedegia. Tuki
Tanamonawileobis dasjadobis safuZvelis kauzaluri mxare
da, saerTod, misi obieqturi mxaris problema Tanamedrove
sisxlis samarTlis doqtrinaSi gacxarebul kamaTs aRar
iwvevs, amas ver vityviT Tanamonawileobis subieqtur mxareze.
am problemas kidev ufro amZafrebs ssk-is 23-e muxli, sadac
aRniSnulia: „danaSaulSi Tanamonawileoba niSnavs ori an
meti piris ganzrax erTobliv monawileobas ganzraxi
danaSaulis CadenaSi.“ bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva: kanons
sityva-sityviTi Tu SezRuduli axsna-ganmarteba unda mieces?
is vinc sityva-sityviT axsna-ganmartebas miscems mocemul
normas, man logokurad unda dauSvas Tanamonawileoba
rogorc pirdapiri, ise arapirdapiri ganzraxviT, radgan
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-9 muxlis mixedviT ganzraxva
ori saxisaa.
Temis kvlevis sagnidan gamomdinare as iqneba
ganxiluli im avtorTa naSromebi, vinc uSvebda
gaufrTxileblobiT Tanamonawileobas. Tanamedrove
sisxlissamarTlebriv azrovnebaSi gaufrTxileblobiT
Tanamonawileobis SesaZlebloba sakmaodaa gakritikebuli da
igi aqtualuri aRaraa. dResdReobiT iuridiul literaturaSi
yuradRebas ipyrobs Semdegi sami sakiTxi: pirveli, SeiZleba
Tu ara eventualuri ganzraxviT Cadenil danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileoba. meore, Tanamonawileni Tanabraleulad
moqmedeben Tu erTian umarTlobas axorcieleben. mesame, ra
aris TanamonawileTa fsiqikaSi is subieqturi niSani, romelic
maTi qmedebis erTianobas ganapirobebs.
92
revoluciamdel rusul iuridiul literaturaSi e.w.
SeTanxmebis Teorias aRiarebda n. tagancevi:
`Tanamonawileobas miekuTvneba damnaSaveTa mxolod iseTi
Tavmoyris Taviseburi SemTxvevebi, rodesac saxezea
solidaruli pasuxismgebloba yvelasi TiToeulisaTvis da
TiToeulis yvelasaTvis; am pirobis gamo moZRvreba
Tanamonawileobaze iRebs damoukidebeli institutis
mniSvnelobas.~ 244
maSasadame, n. tagancevi TanamonawileTa
sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas afuZnebs
solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis principze. solidaroba aq
gagebulia aramxolod kauzaluri mniSvnelobiT, aramed
rogorc Tanabraleuli gacnobierebuli erToblivi moqmedeba.
`Tu vinme adamians daWris, xolo meore dRes daWrils sxva
piri moaxrCobs, romelic pirvelisagan sruliad
damoukideblad moqmedebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom moxrCobis
SesaZlebloba ganpirobebuli iyo daWriT, ramac daauZlura
msxverpli, TiToeuli maTgani pasuxs agebs mxolod maTi
namoqmedarisaTvis da isini TanamonawleTa cnebaSi ar
moiazrebian; igive unda vcnoT Cven im pirTa mimarTac,
romlebic erTdroulad, magram erTmaneTisagan sruliad
damoukideblad saxls cecxls moukideben sxvadasxva
bolodan: maTi braleuloba mosazRvrea da ara erTiani.~ 245
`bralis erTianobis (Общность вины), _ aRniSnavs n.
tagancevi, _ rogorc Tanamonawileobis solidaruli
pasuxismgeblobis damaxasiaTebeli niSnis aRiareba imas
niSnavs, rom TanamonawileTagan yoveli unda iyos braleuli
da Tanabraleuli. am pirobis gamo, ra Tqma unda,
Tanamonawile ar SeiZleba iyos qmeduunaro an Seracxaobis
gamomricxvel garemoebebSi moqmedi, magram Semdeg dgeba
sakiTxi, vrceldeba Tu ara TanamonawileTa cneba aramxolod
ganzrax braleulebze, aramed gaufrTxileblobiT
moqmedebzec.~ 246
ùeWvelia, rom aseTi piri SeiZleba iyos braleuli,
SeuZlia sxvaTa moqmedebebTan erTad wvlili Seitanos
kanonsawinaaRmdego Sedegis gamowvevaSi, iyos sxvebTan erTad
misi pirobebis Semqmneli, magram igi, gaufrTxileblobis
Taviseburebidan gamomdinare ar SeiZleba iyos monawile sxvis
bralSi, ar SeiZleba pasuxi agos sxvebTan misi erToblivi
monawileobisaTvis. es debuleba erTnairad exeba rogorc
sxvis ganzrax moqmedebaSi gaufrTxileblobiT
Tanamonawileobas, ise sxvis gaufrTxileblobiT moqmedebaSi
ganzrax Tanamonawileobas, da bolos, aseve
244
Таганцев Н. С., Русское уголовное право. Часть общая, том I, (полное переиздание), изд.
«Автограф», Тула, 2001, с. 573.
245
iqve, gv. 573.
246
iqve, gv. 577.
93
gaufrTxileblobiT erToblivad danaSaulis Cadenis
SemTxvevebs.~ 247
maSasadame, bralis erTianoba gulisxmobs qmedebis
yoveli ganmaxorcieleblisaTvis ganzraxvis qonas. amasTan,
ganzraxvis ZiriTad subieqtur makavSirebel elements
warmoadgens gamizvna (Намерение), rac Seexeba ganzraxvis sxva
elementebs, _ motivs, mizans an gegmas, _ im qmedebaTa
gamoklebiT, romlis kanonismier SemadgenlobaSi pirdapiri
miTiTebaa miznis an gegmis arsebobaze, am elementTa
erTianoba araa arsebiTi. mkvlelobaSi monawileebi darCebian
Tanamonawileebad, miuxedavad imisa, rom erTi moqmedebs
piradi SurisZiebiT, meore ki angarebiT, Tundac erTi
axrCobdes msxverpls, xolo meorem dana daartyas... TviT
ganzraxva, gansakuTrebiT im TanamonawileebTan mimarTebiT,
romlebic ar iyvnen uSualo amsruleblebi, cnobierebis,
agreTve ndomis gacnobierebisa da daSvebis saerTo
elementebis garda, unda moicavdes erToblivi moqmedebis
Sesaxeb warmodgenas, romelic mimarTulia saerTo
ZalisxmeviT samarTliT dacul interesze saerTo xelyofis
miRwevisaken.~ 248
n. tagancevi iqve SeniSnavs, rom SeTanxmeba SeiZleba
calmxrivic iyos. magaliTad, damxmarem iaraRi daudo
amsrulebels, romelsac warmodgena ara aqvs Tu vin daudo
iaraRi. amitom SeTanxmeba moculobis mixedviT SeiZleba
exebodes mTlianad qmedebas an mis romelime nawils;
ukanaskneli gansakuTrebiT SesaZlebelia, rodesac TviT
danaSaulebrivi qmedeba rTulia.~ 249
`SeTanxmeba, braleulobaSi gaerTianebis gamoxatuleba,
win unda uswrebdes danaSaulebrivi qmedebis ganxorcielebas
an ukidures SemTxvevaSi win unda uswrebdes im aqts,
romelSic gamoixata mocemuli braleulis monawileoba. Tu
ramodenime adamianma erToblivad sicocxle xelyves, dauSvaT,
col-qmris, romelTagan pirveli mokvda, meore ki
sasikvdilod daiWra, maSin damTavrebuli mkvlelobisaTvis is
Tanamonawilenic ageben pasuxs, vinc qmari daWra.~ 250
marTebulad unda CaiTvalos n. tagancevi mosazreba,
romlis mixedviTac, Tanamonawileoba gamoricxulia iq sadac
adgili aqvs sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
gamomricxvel romelime garemoebas. `Tanamonawileobisas, _
wers igi, _ qmedeba unda iyos danaSaulebrivi... amis gamo, Tu
xelyofa Cadenilad iTvleba aucilebeli mogeriebis
mdgomareobaSi an savaldebulo brZanebis Sesrulebisas, maSin
qmedeba ar SeiZleba iyos danaSaulebrivi Tanamonawileoba.~ 251
247
Таганцев Н. С., dasax. naS., gv. 577.
248
iqve, gv. 578.
249
iqve, gv. 579.
250
iqve, gv. 579.
251
iqve, gv. 582.
94
n.Dtagancevis mier TanamonawileTa qmedebebis
gamaerTianebel subieqtur niSnad gamizvnis dasaxeleba friad
sayuradReboa. Tumca, avtori aRar iZleva gamizvnis
mniSvnelobis dasabuTebas. misTvis `naTeli unda yofiliyo,
rom gamizvna pirdapiri ganzraxvis umaRlesi formaa da
eventualur ganzraxvas ver egueba. amitom misi naazrevi
aSkarad winaaRmdegobrivia, radgan n. tagancevi, erTi mxriv,
TanamonawileTa saerTo niSnad miiCnevda gamizvnas, xolo,
meore mxriv, Tanamonawileobas (wamqezeblobas) SesaZleblad
Tvlida eventualuri ganzraxviTac. gamizvna da eventualuri
ganzraxva urTierTgamomricxavi cnebebia.~ 252
TanamonawileTa solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis
princips revoluciamdel rusul sisxlissamarTlebriv
literaturaSi aRiarebda l. belogric-kotliarevski, 253 e.
nemirovski. 254
`bralis erTianobis, _ wers o. gamyreliZe, _ idea im
droisaTvis ukve axali aRar iyo. cnobilia, rom es azri jer
kidev 1847 wels gamoTqmuli hqonda XIX saukunis TvalsaCino
germanel kriminalists a. berners Tavis gamokvlevaSi `Die
Lehre von der Tailnahme am Verbrechen.~ a. berneris mixedaviT,
Tanamonawileoba aris nebis erTianoba, ris gamoc
gaufrTxileblobiT Tanamonawileoba SeuZlebelia. 255
TanamonawileTa solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis
principi, rom braleuli pasuxismgeblobis princips
ugulvebelyofs, es jer kidev kargad SeniSna imdroindelma
kriminalistma g. kolokolovma, romelic gaufrTxileblobiT
Tanamonawileobas aRiarebda. misi azriT, solidaruli
pasuxismgebloba aris sxvisi bralisaTvis pasuxismgebloba,
rac individualuri anu personaluri pasuxismgeblobis
uaryofaa. 256
rus da qarTvel kriminalistTa Soris o. gamyreliZe
pirveli iyo, vinc limitirebuli aqscesoroba aRiara, rac
imas niSnavs, rom TanamonawileTa pasuxismgeblobisaTvis
sakmarisia erTiani umarTlobis da ara erTiani danaSaulis
ganxorcieleba. sakiTxis siRrmiseuli kvlevis Semdeg igi
midis daskvnamde, rom `TanamonawileobisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia erTiani umarTlobis ganxorcieleba yvela
Tanamonawilis mier, rac SeuZlebelia im SemTxvevaSi, roca
maT obieqtur momentTan (mizezobrioba) erTad, subieqturi
252
n. tagancevze adre, jer kidev XIX saukunis Sua wlebSi gamizvnis cnebas
TanamonawileobisaTvis iyenebda rusi kriminalisti a. Jiriaevi. cit. o.
gamyreliZis mix: sisxlissamarTebrivi umarTlobis problema da
114 (Ковалиов М.И. Соучастие в преступлении, ч. первая, Свердловск, 1960, с. 269).
253
ix. Белогриц-котлиаревский Л. С. Учебник русского уголовного права, Киев, 1903, с.
205.
254
ix. Немировский Э. Я. Учебник уголовного права. Общая часть, Одеса, 1919, с.192.
255
ix. sisxlissamarTebrivi umarTlobis problema da Tanamonawileobis
dasjadobis safuZveli. gamom. `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1989, gv. 58_59.
256
ix. Немировский Э. Я. dasax. naSr., gv. 42.
95
elementic ara aqvT saerTo. umarTlobis subieqturi elementi,
romelic saerTo unda iyos yvela TanamonawilisaTvis, aris
mizani. mizani ki obieqtur mniSvnelobas iZens mxolod maSin,
roca deliqti Cdenilia pirdapiri ganzraxviT. maSasadame,
unda davaskvnaT, rom Cveni Tvalsazrisis mixedviT
Tanamonawileoba SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca
danaSaulis yvela monawile moqmedebs pirdapiri
ganzraxviT.~ 257
o. gamyreliZem bralis normativistuli Teoriis
TvalsazrisiT marTebulad gadaWra Tanamonawilebis
dasjadobis safuZvelTan dakavSirebuli problema. misi
naSromebidan Tanmimdevrulad gamomdinareobs Semdegi: is vinc
aRiarebs, rom Tanamonawileba aqscesoruli bunebisaa da
danaSaulis erTpirovnuli amsruleblobisa da
Tanamonawileobisas sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
safuZveli erTi da igivea, man Tanmimdevrulad unda aRiaros
erT danaSaulSi Tanamonawileoba, rac igive
Tanabraleulobaa imdenad, ramdenadac danaSauli bralis
gareSe warmoudgenelia. vinaidan bralis normativistuli
Teoriis mixedviT brali personaluri gakicxvaa, maSin
SeuZlebelia sisxlis samarTalSi saerTod Tanabraleulobis
cnebis gamoyeneba.
Tumca, rogorc ukve zemoT aRvniSneT, marTalia brali
gasakicxaobis moments gulisxmobs, magram bralis
normativistuli Teoria mTlianad dasabuTebulia araa. 258 b.
volkovi Tavis monografiul naSromSi yuradrebas uTmobs
motivisa da miznis mniSvnelobas danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileobisas. irkveva, rom igi aRiarebs
Tanabraleulobas Tanamonawileobisas: _ `ramodenime piris
nebelobiTi ZalisxmeviT ganpirobebuli moqmedebis
gansakuTrebuli forma, sakuTar kvals asvams danaSaulis
TanamonawileobiT Cadenisas mizezobriv da braleul
kavSirs. 259
b. volkovis azriT, `miuxedavad imisa, rom
Tanamonawileobisas erTiani sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli arsebobs, Tanamonawileoba ar
qmnis erTian brals (xazgasma Cemia _ i.d.).~ 260
danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobisas Tanabraleulobaze
miTiTebulia uaxles qarTul sisxlissamarTlebriv
literaturaSi: `...sisxlissamarTlebrivi umarTloba erTiani
257
173_174.
258
ix: bralis fsiqologiuri da normativistuli Teoriebis kritikis, aseve
bralis arsis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ix: naWyebia g. brali, rogorc
socialuri filosofiis kategoria. Tb., 2001.
259
260
iqve, dasax. naS. gv. 113.
96
ganzraxvis pirobebSi xorcieldeba. Tu ganzraxva aris
bralis erT-erTi forma, maSin cxadia, rom danaSaulSi
TanamonawileTa bralis erTianobac saxezea. igulisxmeba, rom
danaSaulSi Tanamonawile farTo gagebiT, amave dros
Tanabraleulia. Tanabraleuloba exeba aramarto
Tanaamsruleblobas, aramed Tanamonawileobas farTo
gagebiTac... bralis personifikacia (xazgasma Cemia _ i.d.)
xdeba erTiani Tanabraleulobis farglebSi saerTo
danaSaulSi TiToeuli Tanamonawilis obieqturi rolis,
wvlilis Sesabamisad, erTiani bralis farglebSi sakuTari
bralisaTvis da ara sxvisi qmedebisa da bralisaTvis.~ 261
marTlac, moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 23-e
muxlis mixedviT, `danaSaulSi Tanamonawileoba niSnavs ori
an meti piris ganzrax erTobliv monawileobas ganzraxi
danaSaulis CadenaSi.~ meore, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-9
muxlSi mocemuli ganzraxvis orive saxis gansazRvrebis
mixedviT ganzraxva bralis formad gvevlineba, radgan
pirdapiri ganzraxvis da arapirdapiri ganzraxvis
gansazRvrebebSi miTiTebulia marTlwinaaRmdegobis
gacnobierebaze. es ki imas niSnavs, rom amgvari ganzraxva ukve
uaryofiTi niSniTaa daRdasmuli da ganzraxva bralis formaa.
maSasadame, es ori argumenti naTelyofs, rom Tanamonawileoba
Tanabraleulobasac gulisxmobs moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsiT. amasTan, es srulebiT ar gamoricxavs bralis
sxvadasxva xarisxs. magaliTad, Tu mZime stresul
mdgomareobaSi Cavardnili mSobiare dedis waqezebiT eqimma
mokla axalSobili, eqimi daisjeba, rogorc damamZimebel
garemoebaSi Cadenili arasrulwlovnis mkvlelobis
amsrulebeli (ssk-is 109-e muxlis me-2 naw. `b~ qvepunqti),
xolo dedis moqmedeba dakvalificirdeba mkvlelobis
wamqezeblobad da daisjeba ssk-is 112-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli sanqciis farglebSi. 262 emociuri
mdgomareoba iseTi personaluri niSania, romelic mxolod
dedas umsubuqebs brals, e.i. Cadenilia erTi mkvleloba,
magram bralis sxvadasxva xarisxiT, radgan eqimis moqmedeba
261
sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili. avtorTa koleqtivi, redaqtorebi: g.
tyeSeliaZe, g. naWyebia, Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 2004, gv. 223.
262
ratomRac sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlo praqtikis komentarebSi ssk-
is 112-e muxlis komentirebisas analogiur SemTxvevaSi amsruleblis
moqmedebis kvalifikaciaze naTqvamia: _ `deida pasuxs agebs ssk-is 108-e
muxliT, Tu ar aris raime damamZimebeli garemoeba.~ aseTi pozicia araa
gamarTlebuli, radgan msgvas situaciaSi Cadenili mkvlelobisas
amsruleblis moqmedeba verasdros ver dakvalificirdeba ssk-is 108-e
muxliT, radgan msxverpli axalSobilia da es faqti yovelTvis umweo
mdgomareobaze miuTiTebs, rac mkvlelobis kvalificiur Semadgeblobas
qmnis (ssk-is 109-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `b~ qvepunqti). ix. sisxlis
samarTlis sasamarTlo praqtikis komentari (danaSauli adamianis
winaaRmdeg). avtorTa koleqtivi, redaqtori o. gamyreliZe, saqarTvelos
mecnierebaTa akademiis saxelmwifosa da samarTlis instituti,
gamocemulia samarTlebrivi ganaTlebis asociacia ALPE-s mier, Tb., 2002,
gv. 72.
97
ufro metad ikicxeba, vidre dedis. es ki imaze miuTiTebs, rom
Tanamonawileobis dros Tanabraleuloba aris, magram
sxvadasxva xarisxiT.
miuRebelia Tanamonawileoba eventualuri ganzraxviT.
aRniSnul saxelmZRvaneloSi ramodenime adgilze vxvdebiT
eventualuri ganzraxviT Tanamonawileobis SesaZleblobaze
miTiTebas. 263 cota qveviT vkiTxulobT: `danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileebs da amsruleblebs amoZravebT erTiani mizani,
xolo am miznis gansxvavebis SemTxvevaSi Tanamonawileoba
SeuZlebelia.~ 264 maSasadame, logikurad gamodis, rom arc
eventualuri ganzraxviT Tanamonawileoba SeiZleba, rameTu
mizani mxolod pirdapiri ganzraxvis ganuyofeli niSania.
TanamonawileobiT Cadenili danaSauli nebelobiTi procesis
Sinaarsis mixedviT gansxvavdeba erTi piris mier Cadenili
danaSaulisagan. igi specifikuri socialur-fsiqologiuri
movlenaa. aseT SemTxvevaSi nebelobiTi aqtis uSualo mizezi,
romelic antisazogadoebrivi qcevis safuZvelSi devs,
aramxolod amsruleblis nebaa, aramed garkveuli
TvalsazrisiT sxva pirTa moqmedebac. kerZod, wamqezeblisa da
damxmaris marTlsawinaaRmdego qceva. • amasTan, motivi,
romelic gaxda nebelobiTi procesis sawyisi wertili da
amsrulebels aRuZra danaSaulis Cadenis ganzraxva,
warmoiSoba da ganmtkicdeba TanamonawileTa uSualo
zemoqmedebiT, maTi nebis aqtiuri monawileobiT. amgvari
pirobebis gareSe amsrulebels ar SeiZleboda warmoSoboda
danaSaulis Cadenis ganzraxva da is gabatonebuli
mdgomareoba, romelic ganaprobebs garkveuli miznis
miRwevas. 265
amsruleblis nebaze zemoqmedeba sxva piris mxridan
imisaTvis, rom Tanamonawileobad CaiTvalos, ar unda
atarebdes zogad xasiaTs... amsruleblis nebaze Tanamonawilis
zemoqmedeba yovelTvis gamoixateba romelime konkretul
moqmedebaSi. 266
`Tanamonawileebs gacnobierebuli unda hqondeT
obieqturad arsebuli kavSiri, romelic mimarTulia
danaSaulis Cadenisaken. amasTan, TanamonawileTa ganzraxva
unda moicavdes aseve im motivebsa da miznebs, romliTac
xelmZRvanelobs amsrulebeli, maSinac ki, rodesac aRniSneli
motivebi da miznebi ar iyo gaziarebuli TanamonawileTa
263
ix. sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili. avtorTa koleqtivi,
gamomcemloba, 2004, gv. 193, 208, 223.
264
iqve, gv. 227.
•
ratomRac b. volkovi ar ixseniebs organizators, romelic uciloblad
axdens uSualo Tu gaSualebul fsiqikur zegavlenas amsruleblis
inteleqtze. Волков Б.С. Мотивы преступлений (Уголовно-правовое, социально-
психологическое исследование). Изд. Казанского университета, 1982, с. 108.
265
ix. iqve, gv. 108.
266
ix. iqve, gv. 109.
98
mier... gansakuTrebiT didi gansxvaveba arsebobs calkeul
TanamonawileTa motivTa da mizanTa SinaarsSi. amsrulebeli
SeiZleba moqmedebdes angarebiT, xolo wamqezeblis moqmedeba
ganpirobebuli iyos sxva, araangarebiTi interesebiT;
amsrulebels SeiZleba surdes danaSaulebrivi Sedegis
dadgoma, xolo damxmare piriqiT _ gulgrilad ekidebodes
mis dadgomas. arsebiTad, yovel Tanamonawiles gaaCnia
sakuTari mizani da interesi.~ 267
TanamonawileTa motivTa da mizanTa SinaarsSi
msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis dadgenas didi mniSvneloba aqvs
aramarto Tanamonawileobis dasaxasiaTeblad, aramed misi
formebis gamijvnisaTvis. gansakuTrebiT winaswari SeTanxmebiT
Tanamonawileobis, danaSaulebrivi organizaciis an
danaSalebrivi sazogadoebis gansazRvrisaTvis. b. volkovi
Tanamonawileobisas miznis dadgenas moiTxovs im
danaSaulebis ganxorcielebisas, romelTa aRwerisas kanoni
pirdapir miuTiTebs specialur mizanze. miznis erTianoba
aucilebelia maSinac, rodesac danaSaulis makvalificirebel
niSnad gvevlineba winaswari SeTanxmebiT jgufis mier
danaSaulis ganxorcieleba. 268
rogorc Cans, b. volkovi Tanamonawileobisas
yovelTvis ar moiTxovs miznis dadgenas, rac arasworad unda
miviCnioT, ramdenadac danaSaulSi nebismieri formiT Tu
saxiT Tanamonawileobisas damnaSaveTa erToblivi moqmedeba
swored saerTo mizniTaa ganpirobebuli.
ruseTis uaxlesi sisxlis samarTlis kursis avtorebi
TanamonawileTa gamaerTianebel subieqtur niSnad miiCneven
ganzraxvis erTianobas: `danaSaulis erToblivad Cadenis
Segnebis gareSe Tanamonawileoba SeuZlebelia. Tumca, aseTi
kavSiri SeiZleba calmxrivic iyos. Tanamonawileoba, rogorc
wesi, pirdapiri ganzraxviT xorcieldeba, radgan ramodenime
pirTa fsiqikuri da fizikuri Zalebis gaerTianeba danaSaulis
Casadenad, Zneli warmosadgenia danaSaulis erToblivad
Cadenis survilis gareSe. Tumca, gamoricxuli araa
Tanamonawileobis arapirdapiri ganzraxviT Cadenis
SesaZlebloba, magaliTad, amsruleblobisa da daxmarebisas
aseTi ganzraxva SesaZlebelia iseT danaSaulTa Cadenisas,
romlebSic dasaSvebia pirdapiri da arapirdapiri ganzraxva
(materialuri Semadganlobani, romlebSic mizani araa
gaTvaliswinebuli aucilebeli elementis saxiT, magaliTad,
martiv mkvlelobaSi). formalur SemadgenlobebSi, aseve im
SemTxvevebSi, rodesac mizani pirdapiraa miTiTebuli muxlis
dispoziciaSi an gamomdinareobs qmedebis Sinaarsidan
267 Волков Б.С. Мотивы преступлений (Уголовно-правовое, социально-психологическое

268
ix. iqve, gv. 114.
99
(gaupatiureba, Zarcva, banditizmi) Tanamonawileoba
SesaZlebelia mxolod pirdapiri ganzraxviT.~ 269
ìndividualurad moqmedisagan gansxvavebiT
TanamonawileTaTvis ganzraxvis Sinaarsi, rogorc wesi,
farToa an gulisxmobs inteleqtualur da nebelobiT
momentebSi danaSaulis erToblivad Cadenis codnis
Semcvelobas.~ 270 aq sityvebi `rogorc wesi~ SemTxveviT araa
naxmari, radgan Tu calmxrivi subieqturi kavSiria
TanamonawileobaSi, maSin ganzraxvis moculoba igivea, rac
danaSaulis erTpirovnuli amsruleblobisas. magaliTad,
amsrulebelma ise gamoiyena misTvis dadebuli iaraRi, rom
arc ki icoda Tu vinme daexmara iaraRis miwodebiT.
`ganzraxvis erTianobisagan gansxvavebiT motivsa da
mizans kvalifikaciisaTvis mniSvneloba eniWeba Tu sisxlis
samarTlis kerZo nawilis konkretul muxlSi danaSaulis
aucilebel niSnadaa miCneuli da danaSaulSi
TanamonawileobisaTvis pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba dadges
mxolod im pirTaTvis, romlebmac icodnen aseTi miznebisa da
motivebis Sesaxeb da erToblivi moqmedebiT xels uwyobdnen
maT gamxorcielebas. magaliTad, angarebiTi mkvlelobisaTvis
mxolod is Tanamonawileni ageben pasuxs, romlebis
acnobierebdnen angarebiT mizans da xels uwyobdnen mas.~ 271
es ukanaskneli mosazreba da magaliTi unaklo araa,
ris gamoc, dazustebas moiTxovs. jer erTi, rogorc aRiniSna,
TanamonawileobiT ganxorcielebuli danaSaulisaTvis mizans
aramarto maSin aqvs kvlifikaciisaTvis mniSvneloba, rodesac
Sesabamis muxlSi amis Sesaxebaa miTiTebuli, aramed nebismier
SemTxvevaSi. meore, mocemul magaliTSi angareba
moxseniebulia rogorc mizani, rac miuRebelia im martivi
mizezis gamo, rom angareba, rogorc adamianis mamoZravebeli
Zala SeiZleba iyos mxolod motivi da ara mizani. Tu
borotmoqmedi adamians klavs materialuri dainteresebis
gamo motivi iqneba angareba, xolo mizani _ sicocxlis
mospoba, romlis miRweva motivs daakmayofilebs. Tumca,
SesaZlebelia es mizani sxva ufro Soreuli miznis miRwevis
saSualebac iyos. da bolos, TanamonawileTa mxridan motivis
mxolod codna ar kmara danaSaulis swori
kvalifikaciisaTvis. aq yuradReba unda mieqces motivis
xasiaTs: _ motivi umarTlobis damafuZnebelia Tu bralis
xarisxze axdens gavlenas. magaliTad, Tu a-m fuli gadauxada
b-s mkvlelobis Casadenad, a. mainc pasuxs ar agebs angarebiT
mkvlelobisaTvis, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas Secnobili hqonda
amsruleblis angarebiTi motivi. aseTi kvalifikacia iqidan
gamomdinareobs, rom motivi mkvlelobis umarTlobis
269
Курс уголовного права. Учевник для вузов, общая часть. Учение о преступлении, под.
ред. Н.Ф. Кузнецщвой и И.М. Тяжковой. Изд. «Зерцало-М», Том 1, М., 2002, с. 398.
270
iqve, gv. 398.
271
Курс уголовного права. Учевник для вузов, общая часть. Учение о преступлении, под.
ред. Н.Ф. Кузнецщвой и И.М. Тяжковой. Изд. «Зерцало-М», Том 1, М., 2002, с. 398-399.
100
damfuZnebel niSnad ar mogvevlina. sisxlis samarTlis
kanonmdeblobaSi gvxvdeba iseTi SemTxvevebic, rodesac
motivis an miznis Secnobadoba aucilebelia ramodenime piris
mier erToblivad Cadenili danaSaulis TanamonawileobiT
ganxorcielebulad miCnevisaTvis. ase, magaliTad, ssk-is 174-e
muxliT bavSvis Secvla mxolod maSinaa dasjadi Tu amgvari
moqmedeba ganxorcielebulia angarebiT an sxva qvena
grZnobiT; qurdobis SemadgenlobaSi miTvisebis mizanzea (ssk-
is 177-e muxli) miTiTebuli. maSasadame, aRniSnul muxlebSi
motivi da mizani umarTlobis tipis ganmsazRvrel niSnebad
gvevlineba.
cnobilia, rom iq, sadac saubaria moqmedebis mizanze,
SeuZlebelia visaubroT arapirdapir ganzraxvaze an
gaufrTxileblobaze. radgan Cven TanamomawileTa
gamaerTianebel subieqtur niSnad mizani miviCnieT, aqve unda
dasabuTdes Tu ratom ar SeiZleba arapirdapiri ganzraxviT
moqmedebdes romelime Tanamonawile, arada sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 22-e muxlSi mocemuli Tanamonawileobis
gansazRvrebaSi araa dakonkretebuli ganzraxvis romel
saxezea saubari da es imis Tqmis saSaulebas gvaZlevs, rom
eventualuri ganzraxviT Tanamonawileoba logikurad
SesaZlebelia, magram qveviT Cven davinaxavT, rom amgvari
daskvnis gakeTeba mxolod calmxrivi msjelobis Sedegia.
Tanamonawileobisas eventualuri ganzraxviT
moqmedebis SesaZleblobas gansakuTrebiT xSirad
wamqezebelTan dakavSirebiT aRiareben. wamqezeblobas
arapirdapiri ganzraxviT uSvebda n. tagancevi. 272
T. wereTeli ufro Sors midis da aramarto
wamqezeblobas, aramed organizatoris, damxmaris da
Tanaamsruleblis moqmedebas uSvebs arapirdapiri
ganzraxviT. 273 analogiur azrs sxva sabWoTa kriminalistebis
naSromebSic vxvdebiT. 274
sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSi gamoTqmulia
mosazreba, rom Tanamonawileobis subieqturi mxaris saxe
cal-calke unda ganisazRvros amsruleblis mier Cadenili
moqmedebisa da am moqmedebiT damdgari Sedegis mimarT. 275
amgvar Sexedulebas iziarebs a. naumovic. `piris fsiqikuri
damokidebuleba, _ wers igi, _ sxva pirebis danaSaulebriv
moqmedebasTan SeerTebis faqtisadmi an maTTvis
danaSaulebrivi moqmedebis survilis aRZvrisadmi mxolod
pirdapiri ganzraxviT xasiaTdeba. amitom Tanamonawileoba
formaluri Semadgenlobis mqone danaSaulebSi (magaliTad,
272
ix. Таганцев Н. С., dasax. naS. gv. 594.
273
ix. wereTeli T. Tanamonawileoba danaSaulSi. gamom. `mecniereba,~ Tb.,
1965, gverdebi: 142, 148-149, 161, 195.
274
ix. mag., Гришаев П. И., Кригер Г. А. Соучастие по уголовному праву. М., 1959. с. 146.
275
ix. mag., Зелинский А. Ф. Соучастие в преступлении. Волгоград, 1971, с. 9-11; Курс
советского уголовного права, часть общая, ред. А.А. Пионтковский. Преступление, изд.
«Наука», т. 1, М. 1970, с. 471, 473, 479.
101
gaupatiurebaSi) SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mxolod pirdapiri
ganzraxviT. sxva saqmea _ Tanamonawilis fsiqikuri
damokidebuleba amsruleblis moqmedebiT (umoqmedobiT)
damdgari danaSaulebrivi Sedegisadmi. am gagebiT, subieqturi
mxare SeiZleba iyos rogorc pirdapiri, ise arapirdapiri
ganzrazva.~ 276 maSasadame, irkveva, rom a. naumovi pirdapir
ganzraxvasTan erTad uSvebs arapirdapir ganzraxvasac.
msgavsi mosazreba, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna,
gamoTqmulia ruseTis sisxlis samarTlis kursSi. 277 aqve
miTiTebulia, rom amsruleblis subieqturi mxare SeiZleba
iyos rogorc pirdapiri aseve arapirdapiri ganzraxva. 278
àmsruleblisagan gansxvavebiT organizatori SeiZleba
moqmedebdes mxolod pirdapiri ganzraxviT.~ 279 `wamqezeblis
moqmedeba SeiZleba arapirdapiri ganzraxviTac gamoixatos...
wamqezeblis mizani SeiZleba ar emTxveodes im danaSaulebis
miznebs, romlebsac igi waqezebuls unergavs. aseve
SesaZlebelia ar emTxveodes danaSaulis motivebi.
wamqezeblis qmedebis kvalifikacia aseT SemTxvevebSi,
upirveles yovlisa, damokidebuli iqneba danaSaulis
amsruleblis miznebsa da motivebze. Tu motivi da mizani
danaSaulis Semadgenlobis aucilebeli elementebia, maSin
wamqezebels Seeracxeba misi sakuTari motivic. magaliTad, Tu
wamqezebeli gamodioda sisxlis aRebis motividan da fulis
gamo daiyoliebs pirs mkvlelobis Casadenad, maSin igi pasuxs
agebs rf ssk-is 105-e muxlis meore nawilis `z~ da `l~
punqtiT, xolo amsrulebeli amave muxlis `z~ punqtiT. im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac motivi da mizani ar aris danaSaulis
Semadgenlobis aucilebeli niSnebi, maSin wamqezeblis
sakuTari motivi da mizani gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba sasjelis
daniSvnisas.” 280
aRniSnuli kursis avtorebi aseve uSveben arapirdapiri
ganzraxviT daxmarebasac. 281
azri imis Sesaxeb, rom organizatori, wamqezebeli da
damxmare SeiZleba moqmedebdnen eventualuri ganzraxviTac,
sakmaod gavrcelebulia. ufro metic, sisxlissamarTlebriv
literaturaSi vxvdebiT ganzrax erToblivi monawileobis
iseT interpretacias, romlis mixedviTac Tanamonawileoba
unda vaRiaroT yvela im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac amsruleblis
ganzrax moqmedebas gaufrTxileblobiT moyveba mZime Sedegi: _
`danaSaulis CadenaSi ganzraxi Tanamonawleoba
gaufrTxilebel bralTan SexamebiT SesaZlebelia mxolod
276
Наумов А. В. Уголовное право. Общая часть, курс лекций, изд. «Бек», М. 1996, с. 291.
277
ix. Курс уголовного права. Учевник для вузов, общая часть. Учение о преступлении,
под. ред. Н.Ф. Кузнецщвой и И.М. Тяжковой. Изд. «Зерцало-М», Том 1, М. 2002, с. 398.
278
ix. iqve, dasax. naS. gv. 407.
279
ix. Курс уголовного права. Учевник для вузов, общая часть. Учение о преступлении,
под. ред. Н.Ф. Кузнецщвой и И.М. Тяжковой. Изд. «Зерцало-М», Том 1, М. 2002, с. 409.
280
iqve, gv. 411-412.
281
ix. iqve, gv. 416.
102
maSin, rodesac amsruleblis ganzraxi moqmedeba iwvevs
kanoniT damamZimebel garemoebad gaTvaliswinebul Sedegs da
romlis mimarTac Tanamonawileebs gaaCniaT gaufrTxilebeli
brali.~ 282
Tanamonawileobis subieqturi mxaris amgvari
formulireba ganzraxvisa da gaufrTxileblobis araswori
gagebis Sedegia. upirveles yovlisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom
gaufrTxilebloba Tavisi bunebiT Secdomis nairsaxeobaa,
ramdenadac adamiani am dros arasworad afasebs mocemul
situacias da mis mizanmimarTul moqmedebas moyveba sul sxva
Sedegi, vidre nasurvebi iyo. Tuki janmrTelobis mZime
dazianeba gamoiwvevs sicocxlis mospobas es mxolod
amsruleblis araswori moqmedebis Sedegia, radgan
danaSaulis Semadgenlobis obieqtur mxares uSualod,
Tanamonawileebisgan gansxvavebiT, mxolod igi asrulebs.
ramdenadac Secdoma wminda personalur xasiaTs atarebs,
romelic bralze xarisxobrivad zemoqmedebs da
gaufrTxilebloba Secdomis nairsaxeobaa, amdenad bralis
ormagi formiT Cadenili danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi
amsruleblis moqmedebiT gamowveuli mZime Sedegis sxva
TanamonawileTaTvis Seracxva braleuli da personaluri
pasuxismgeblobis principebis damaxinjebuli gageba iqneba.
magaliTad, Tu a. waaqezebs b-s gaupatiurebisaken, xolo b-s
gaupatiurebisas msxverpli Semoakvdeba, maSin pasuxismgebloba
daumZimdeba mxolod mas anu igi pasuxs agebs ssk-is 137-e
muxlis me-4 nawilis `b” qvepunqtiT.
meore, Tanamonawileobisas damnaSaveTa gamaerTianebel
subiqtur niSnad gvevlineba mizani, rac imas niSnavs, rom maTi
ganzraxva mimarTulia erTi konkretuli Sedegis misaRwevad.
`damnaSavem, _ wers o. gamyreliZe, _ romelsac surs
sazogadoebrivad saSiSi Sedegi, sagangebod unda warmarTos
Tavisi qmedeba am Sedegis gansaxorcieleblad. maSasadame,
damnaSavis qmedebas pirdapiri ganzraxvis dros
mizanmimarTuli, mizandasaxuli xasiaTi aqvs.~ 283 bralis
ormagi formiT Cadenili danaSaulis dros ki amsruleblisa
da Tanamonawilis erTiani mizani saerTod ar moicavs mZime
Sedegs. amitom is, rac TanamonawileTa samoqmedo miznis
miRmaa, SeuZlebelia romelime maTgans Seeracxos.
ar unda iyos marTebuli T. wereTlis azri, rodesac
igi wers: òrganizatori SeiZleba moqmedebdes rogorc
pirdapiri, ise eventualuri ganzraxviT. Tu vinmem daiqirava
meore piri kacis mosaklavad, igi imasac iTvaliswinebs da
uSvebs, rom daqiravebulma mkvlelma dazaralebuli SeiZleba
gaZarcvos. aseT SemTxvevaSi organizatori moqmedebs
282
Курс советского уголовного права, часть общая, изд. Ленинградского университета, т. 1,
1968, с.597-599.
283
gv. 68.
103
pirdapiri ganzraxviT mkvlelobis mimarT da eventualuri
ganzraxviT gaZarcvis mimarT.~ 284 ufro qvemoT T. wereTeli
miuTiTebs: _ `... Tu gordevs warmodgenili hqonda, rom misi
msmeneli _ qurdi-recidivisti aRiqvams mis monayols, rogorc
danaSaulisaken Segulianebas da uSvebda imis SesaZleblobas,
rom Segulianebuli piri danaSauls Caidens, igi wamqezeblad
CaiTvleba, Tundac aseTi mizani mas ar hqondes.~ 285 àr aris
saWiro, rom damxmaris moqmedebis mizani da motivi igive iyos,
rac amsruleblisa. amsrulebeli SeiZleba angarebis motiviT
moqmedebdes, xolo damxmares SeiZleba megobrisaTvis
daxmarebis survili an raime sxva uangaro motivi
amoZravebdes.~ 286
axla ramodenime punqtad unda dafiqsirdes pozicia,
romelic arapirdapiri ganzraxviT Tanamonawileobis
SesaZleblobas gaabaTilebs: jer erTi, amgvari mosazreba
motivTan dakavSirebiT udavoa, magram rac Seexeba mizans igi
yovel Tanamonawiles saerTo unda hqondes. sxvagvarad
SeuZlebelia. albaT, amitomacaa, rom T. wereTels mizanTan
dakavSirebiT gamoTqmuli mosazrebis gasamyareblad
magaliTis motana uWirda.
meore, eventualuri ganzraxviT Tanamonawileoba
daSvebulia Zarcvisas, romlis subieqturi mxare yovelTvis
pirdapiri ganzraxviT xasiaTdeba. es kargad SeniSna Tavis
droze o. gamyreliZem. igi miuTiTebs, rom `... iseTi
`finaluri~ bunebis deliqtebi, rogoricaa qurdoba, Zarcva,
yaCaRoba da sxv. mxolod pirdapir ganzraxvas moiTxoven da
SeuZlebelia maTi Cadena eventualuri ganzraxviT...
warmoudgenlad mimaCnia imis dasabuTeba, rom Zarcvis
Tanamonawile SeiZleba eventualuri ganzraxviT
moqmedebdes.~ 287
mesame, is vinc SesaZleblad miiCnevs arapirdapiri
ganzraxviT Tanamonawileobas, man unda aRiaros eventualuri
ganzraxviT momzadeba da mcdeloba. Tu T. wereTlis mier
motanil magaliTSi fabulas SevcvliT da davuSvebT, rom
amsrulebelma danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xeli aiRo, maSin
organizatori logikurad unda daisajos mkvlelobisa da
Zarcvis momzadebisaTvis. amgvari kvalifikacia ZarcvasTan
dakavSirebiT miuRebelia, radgan organizatori Zarcvas
eventualuri ganzraxviT uSvebda da momzadeba eventualuri
ganzraxviT SeuZlebelia. analogiurad SeiZleba vimsjeloT
mcdelobis SemTxvevaSic. maSasadame, unda vaRiaroT, rom
arapirdapiri ganzraxviT Tanamonawileoba SeuZlebelia.
284
wereTeli T. Tanamonawileoba danaSaulSi. gamom. `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1965,
gv. 149.
285
iqve, gv. 162-163.
286
iqve, gv. 196.
287
gv.116.
104
meoTxe, gansakuTrebiT TvalSi sacemia arapirdapiri
ganzraxviT wamqezeblobis SeuZlebloba. sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 24-e muxlis meore nawilSi kanonmdebeli
wamqezeblad miiCnevs imas, vinc daiyolia sxva piri ganzraxi
danaSaulis Casadenad. aq sayuradReboa sityva `dayolieba,~
romlis bunebas Tu davukvirdebiT unda davaskvnaT, rom
dayolieba imas niSnavs, rom damyoliebelma pirs iseTi
ìnformacia~ miawoda, romelic dayoliebulis moqmedebas
daedo safuZvlad da rac mTavaria, isini saerTo miznis
misaRwevad moqmedeben. Tuki damyoliebeli sxva mizniT
moqmedebs da adgili aqvs piris Secdenas, maSin unda
visaubroT SualobiT amsruleblobaze. arapirdapiri
ganzraxviT Tanamonawilebis (wamqezeblobis) momxreTa mier
motanil magaliTebs Tu davukvirdebiT, iq adgili aqvs pirTa
varauds, rom mavani da mavani Caidens danaSauls, rac
araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar niSnavs dayoliebas, radgan `gulSi~
varaudiT, versiebis wamoyenebiT, romelic dasayoliebeli
pirsaTvis cnobili ar aris, dayolieba SeuZlebelia.
da bolos, eventualuri ganzraxviT Tanamonawileobis
momxreebs yovelTvis iseTi magaliTi moaqvT, romelSic
Tanamonawileebi erTiandebian pirdapiri ganzraxviT Casadeni
danaSaulis gansaxorcieleblad, xolo eventualuri
ganzraxiT uSveben am ZiriTad danaSaulTan erTad meore,
paraleluri danaSaulis Cadenis SesaZleblobas. rogorc Cans
maT uWirT iseTi realobis warmodgena, rodesac
Tanamonawileebi mxolod erT danaSauls Cadian eventualuri
ganzraxviT.
ase, rom Tanamonawileobaze saubari mxolod maSin
SeiZleba Tu Tanamonawileebs amsrulebelTan erTad saerTo
mizani amoZravebT.
b) motivisa da miznis roli Tanaamsruleblobisas
sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSi dominirebs azri

imis Sesaxeb, rom Tanaamsrulebloba SeiZleba arapirdapiri
ganzraxviT. `TanaamsruleblobisaTvis, _ wers T. wereTeli, _
ar aris aucilebeli pirdapiri ganzraxva, sakmarisia
eventualuri ganzraxvac. Tu, magaliTad, erTi sacxovrebeli
saxlis mesakuTreni dazRvevis Tanxis misaRebad gadawyveten
saxlis dawvas, Tanac iTvaliswineben, rom cecxlis wakidebis
Sedegad SeiZleba daiwvas am saxlSi mcxovrebi romelime
105
mdgmuri da Segnebulad uSveben aseT Sedegs, cecxlis
wamkidebelni moqmedeben eventualuri ganzraxviT da
ganixilebian rogorc mkvlelobis Tanaamsruleblebi.~ 288
Tanaamsruleblobis subieqturi mxaris Sesaxeb
marTebuli Sexeduleba gaaCnia o. gamyreliZes. igi
kategoriulad gamoricxavs arapirdapiri ganzraxviTa da
gaufrTxileblobiT Tanamonawileobis SesaZleblobas da
sabolood midis daskvnamde, rom TanaamsrulebelTa, iseve
rogorc TanamonawileTa gamaerTianebeli subieqturi niSani
aris saerTo mizani. TanaamsruleblobisaTvis aucilebelia
aramarto erTidaigive miznis arseboba, aramed aucilebelia
TiToeuli piris mier imis codnac, rom sxvasTan erTad Cadis
danaSauls. 289
Tanaamsruleblobisas nebismier SemTxvevaSi
motivisagan gansxvavebiT mizani yvelasaTvis saerTo unda
iyos, radgan konkretuli danaSaulebrivi Sedegi, romlis
miRwevasac cdilobs damnaSave anu xelyofis obieqti
yovelTvis vlindeba miznis dadgeniT.
SeiZleba Tu ara arapirdapiri ganzraxvis dros
danaSaulebriv mizanze visaubroT? am SekiTxvas uaryofiTi
pasuxi unda gaeces. `pirdapiri ganzraxva, _ wers o.
gamyreliZe, _ imitom aris pirdapiri, rom damnaSavis mizani
mimarTulia mocemuli danaSaulebrivi Sedegisaken (xazgasma
Cemia _ i.d.). eventualuri anu arapirdapiri ganzraxvis dros
ki damnaSavis mizani ar aris mimarTuli im danaSaulebrivi
Sedegisaken, romelic mas bralad eracxeba. am SemTxvevaSi
damnaSavis mizani SeiZleba, Tavis mxriv, mimarTuli iyos
sazogadoebrivad sasargeblo, an, yovel SemTxvevaSi,
socialuri TvalsazrisiT indeferentuli Sedegisaken. isec
SeiZleba moxdes, rom adamians miznad hqondes dasaxuli raime
danaSaulebrivi Sedegis gamowveva, magram mis moqmedebas
arapirdapir mohyves kidev sxva danaSaulebrivi Sedegic.~ 290
Tanaamsrulebloba arapirdapiri ganzraxviT
SeuZlebelia Semdeg garemoebaTa gamo: pirveli, eventualuri
ganzraxvis dros damnaSavis mizani sul sxva Sedegiskenaa
mimarTuli. meore, cnobilia, rom arapidapiri ganzraxviT
Cadenili danaSauli mxolod maSin isjeba, rodesac
danaSaulebrivi Sedegi dgeba. es faqti arapirdapiri
ganzraxviT Tanaamsruleblobis momxreebs logikurad
aiZulebT aRiaron momzadeba da mcdeloba eventualuri
ganzraxviT, radgan cxovrebaSi advili warmosadgenia, rom
damnaSaveTa eventualur ganzraxvas danaSaulebrivi Sedegi ar
mohyves. mesame, arapirdapiri ganzraxviT Tanaamsruleblobis
momxreebs magaliTad yovelTvis mohyavT Tanaamsruleblobis
288
wereTeli T. Tanamonawileoba danaSaulSi. gamom. `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1965,
gv. 142.
289
ix. gamyreliZe o. danaSaulis SualobiTi amsrulebloba da
Tanaamsrulebloba. gamomcemloba `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1974, gv. 138-139.
290
iqve, gv. 143-144.
106
iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac e.w. Sereul ganzraxvas aqvs
adgili anu rodesac damnaSaveTa mizniT moculi Sedegi
pirdapiri ganzraxviT dgeba, xolo misi paraleluri meore
danaSauli arapirdapiri ganzraxviT dgeba. es imaze mianiSnebs,
rom SeuZlebelia dauSvaT iseTi Tanaamsrulebloba, rodesac
erT romelime konkretul danaSauls ramodenime piri
iuridiulad erToblivad axorcielebdnen.
maSasadame, unda vaRiaroT, rom Tanaamsrulebloba,
iseve rogorc Tanamonawileoba SeiZleba mxolod pirdapiri
ganzraxviT, rodesac damnaSaveebs aerTianebT saerTo mizani.
ssk-is 23-e muxlis Tanaxmad: `danaSaulSi Tanamonawileoba
niSnavs ori an meti piris ganzrax erTobliv monawileobas
ganzraxi danaSaulis CadenaSi.~ sruliad zedmetia imaze
miTiTeba, rom ganzrax danaSaulSi xdeba Tanamonawileoba anu
sityva ganzraxva amoRebul unda iqnes, radgan igi TavisTavad
igulisxmeba. sxvaTaSoris swored aseTi redaqciiT iyo
Camoyalibebuli Tanamonawileobis cneba winamorbed sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsSi. kanonmdeblis axlandeli pozicia ufro
mecnierebaSi arsebuli im araswori mosazrebisaTvis
wertilis dasmis mizniT gakeTda, romlis mixedviTac
SesaZlebelia Tanamonawileoba ori an meti piris ganzrax
erToblivi monawileoba rogorc ganzrax, ise
gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenil danaSaulSi. 291
ase, rom Tanamonawileoba mxolod ganzrax danaSaulSi
SeiZleba. sakiTxisadmi sxvagvari midgoma SeuZlebelia, radgan
logikurad viRebT Semdeg suraTs: nebelobiTi qceva
yovelTvis mizanmimarTulia, xolo nebismieri danaSauli
nebelobiTi xasiaTisaa; adamianTa ganzrax erTobliv
monawileobas mxolod maSin aqvs garkveuli sazrisi, rodesac
maTi erToblivi nebelobiTi moqmedeba raime Sedegis
miRweviTaa ganpirobebuli anu maT aucileblad unda
amoZravebdeT garkveuli mizani. am ukanaskneli muxlis
analizi gviCvenebs, rom ori an meti piris ganzrax erToblivi
monawileoba swored danaSulis Casadenad xdeba, e.i. maTi
mizani swored danaSaulis Cadenaa. aqedan bunebrivia daskvna,
rom Tanamonawileoba da Tanaamsrulebloba mxolod pirdapir
ganzraxvas gulisxmobs, radgan gamiznuli moqmedeba mxolod
pirdapiri ganzraxviT SeiZleba.
absoluturad marTalia o. gamyreliZe, rodesdac ar
eTanxmeba m. Sargorodskis maSindeli `ssrk-is da mokavSire
respublikebis sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis 1958 wlis
safuZvlebis~ me-17 muxlis interpretaciaSi da amtkicebda,
rom `mTavari rodia sityvebi: `danaSaulis CadenaSi.~ aq,
upirveles yovlisa, yuradReba unda mivapyroT, rom
Tanamonawileoba aris òri an meti piris ganzrax erToblivi
monawileoba~ danaSaulis CadenaSi. `ganzrax monawileoba~
291
ix. Шаргородский М. Д. Некоторые вопросы общего учения о сочастии.
«Правоведение», 1960, №1, с. 91.
107
danaSaulSi niSnavs am danaSauliT gamowveuli
danaSaulebrivi Sedegisadmi ganzrax fsiqikur
damokidebuliebas. èrToblivi~ sityva ki migvaniSnebs, rom
orma an ramdenime kacma icis, rom saerTo ZalebiT ganzrax
unda ganaxorcielon esa Tu is danaSaulebrivi Sedegi.~ 292
maSasadame, Tanamonawileobisa da Tanaamsruleblobis
cnebebis, maTi bunebis ganxilvam migviyvana logikur
daskvnamde, rom danaSaulis am formebiT ganxorcieleba
SeiZleba mxolod pirdapiri ganzraxviT, rodesac ori an meti
piri saerTo miznis gansaxorcieleblad erToblivad
mimarTaven sakuTar qmedebebs.
g) agent-provokatoris figura sisxlis samarTalSi
danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg brZola, danaSaulis

droulad gamoZieba da gaxsna, damnaSave pirTa gamovlena da
maT mier Cadenil qmedebebze Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi
reagireba marTlwesrigisa da kanonis avtoritetis
ganmtkicebis sferoSi saxelmwifos erT-erTi prioritetuli
mimarTulebaa. damnaSave pirTa dadgena gansakuTrebiT
rTuldeba iseT situaciebSi, rodesac Cadenil danaSaulTa
SesaniRbad borotmoqmedni sakmaod originalur konspiraciul
xerxebs mimarTaven. magaliTad, organizebuli jgufis mier
ganxorcielebul danaSaulTa mometebuli saSiSroba misi
dadgenis sirTuliTacaa ganpirobebuli; zogierTi danaSauli
Tavisi bunebiT imdenad `daxuruli~ tipisaa, rom
dazaralebuli mxolod am ukanaskneli faqtis gamoaSkaravebis
Semdeg xdeba cnobili. magaliTad, meqrTameobisas.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1-li muxlis
me-3 nawilis mixedviT: `sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mizania
danaSaulebrivi xelyofis Tavidan acileba da marTlwesrigis
dacva.~ aRniSnuli miznis misaRwevad, ra Tqma unda,
aucilebelia kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli saSualebebis
gamoyeneba, rac uzrunvelyofilia saqarTvelos konstituciiT,
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiTa da sxva
normatiuli aqtebiT. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
1-li muxlis Tanaxmad: `sisxlis samarTlis procesis
amocanebia: daadginos danaSaulis an sxva
marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis faqtobrivi garemoebani da misi
292
gv. 108.
108
Camdeni piri; uzrunvelyos kanonis sworad gamoyeneba; ar
dauSvas udanaSaulo piris msjavrdeba; gamoasworos
sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo Secdomebi; daicvas moqalaqis,
eWvmitanilis, braldebulis, dazaralebulis, agreTve sisxlis
samarTlis procesis yvela sxva monawilis uflebebi da
Tavisuflebebi; daamkvidros sazogadoebaSi kanonis,
humanizmisa da samarTlianobis ideebis pativiscema.~
miuxedavad imisa, rom samarTaldamcav organoTa
kompetenciaa danaSaulobasTan brZola, marto maTi saqmianoba
mainc ver CaiTvleba sakmarisad marTlwesrigis
uzrunvelsayofad. amisaTvis saxelmwifo moqalaqeebsac
aZlevs uflebas Sesabamisi pirobebis dacviT ganaxorcielon
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba,
romelic marTlzomierad CaiTvleba. Ddasmul problemasTan
dakavSirebiT aRsaniSnavia damnaSavis Sepyroba da ukiduresi
aucilebloba, romelic yovelTvis msjelobis sagani unda
gaxdes e.w. agent-provokatoris saqmianobis Sefasebisas.
Tanamedrove msoflios zogierTi ganviTarebuli
qveynis magaliTze (mag: belgia, safrangeTi, germania da sxv.)
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom danaSaulis provokaciasTan
dakavSirebuli sirTuleebi araerTgvarovnadaa gadawyvetili,
rac upirveles yovlisa, Tanamonawileobis bunebisadmi
sxvadasxvagvari midgomiT aixsneba. 293
Tanamonawileobis aqcesoruli bunebidan gamomdinare
Tanamonawileni erTian umarTlobas axorcieleben. Tumca, Tu
maT saerTo, erTiani mizani ar eqnebaT maSin
Tanamonawileobaze saubari zedmetia. SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas,
rom Tanamonawileobis dasjadobis safuZvelze msjelobisas,
erTi mxriv, swored mizanze dakvirvebam da, meore mxriv,
adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvis problemam
ganapiroba wamqezeblisagan gaimijnos da damoukidebeli
kvlevis sagani gamxdariyo agent-provokatoris (agent-
provokateur) figura.
TiTze CamosaTvlelia im avtorTa naSromebi, sadac
agent-provokatoris problemaa ganxiluli. Aagent-
provokatorTan maSin gvaqvs saqme, rodesac vinme Seagulianebs
sxvas danaSaulis Casadenad, raTa igi sisxlissamarTlebriv
pasuxisgebaSi miscen.
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsisa da sisxlis samarTlis
procesis amocanebis gansaxorcieleblad gamonaklis
SemTxvevebSi aucilebeli xdeba danaSaulis xelovnurad
gamowveva, romlis farglebis mkveTri gansazRvra erT-erTi
urTulesi iuridiuli problemaa.
293
Tanamonawileobisa da danaSaulis provokaciis Sesaxeb zogadi
informaciis saxiT ix: pradeli Jan. SedarebiTi sisxlis samarTali.
gamocemis mecnieruli redaqtori Tedo niniZe, Targmna ekaterine
sumbaTaSvilma, sagamomcemlo-poligrafiuli kompania `sani,~ 1999, gv. 207-
213.
109
revoluciamdel rusul iuridiul literaturaSi,
rogorc T. wereTeli aRniSnavs, agent-provokatoris sakiTxi
farTo diskusiis sagani gaxda gansakuTrebiT `lopuxin-
azefis~ saqmesTan dakavSirebiT. kriminalistTa erTi nawili
asabuTebda, rom agent-provokatori ar SeiZleba ganxilul
iqnes rogorc danaSaulis wamqezebeli, radgan agent-
provokators ganzraxuli ara aqvs bolomde miiyvanos
danaSauli. igi dainteresebulia mxolod imiT, rom
amsrulebelma mcdelobis stadias miaRwios, rac
SesaZleblobas miscems gamoavlinos damnaSave da gadasces
igi marTlmsajulebis organoebs. Aam Sexedulebis avtori
nabakovi Tvlida, rom saerTod ganzraxva SeiZleba mimarTuli
iyos mxolod danaSaulebrivi Sedegis ganxorcielebaze.
mcdelobis ganzraxva sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis
mixedviT ar SeiZleba arsebobdes, radgan danaSaulis
mcdelobis elements warmoadgens is, rom igi ver damTavrda
damnaSavis nebaze damoukidebeli mizezebis gamo. Aamitom
SeuZlebelia warmovidginoT, rom damnaSavis ganzraxva
mimarTuli iyos swored mcdelobaze, vinaidan aseT
SemTxvevaSi aRmoCndeboda, rom es ganzraxva moicavs iseT
garemoebebs, romelic damnaSavis nebaze damokidebuli ar
aris. TviT mcdelobis arsis gamo waqezeba mcdelobisadmi
iuridiulad SeuZlebelia. es aris contradictio in abjecto. 294
Aamave dros nabakovi ar uaryofda agent-provokatoris
dasjis SesaZleblobas Tu igi moqmedebda eventualuri
ganzraxviT Sedegis mimarT. Ggarda amisa, nabakovi gmobda
agent-provokatoros saqmianobas, romelSic xedavda ara marto
ùdides zneobriv borotebas, aramed agreTve instituts,
romelic sruliad dauSvebelia kulturul samarTlebriv
saxelmwifoSi.~ piriqiT, mravali kriminalisti, magaliTad,
koleri amarTlebs agent-provokatoris saqmianobas, rogorc
saxelmwifo xelisuflebisaTvis aucilebels. 295
agent-provokatoris sakiTxs uyuradRebod ar tovebs
revoluciamdeli ruseTis erT-erTi udidesi kriminalisti n.
tagancevi. igi ixilavs, wamqezeblis qcevis motivebsa da
safuZvlebs, exeba iseT situacias, rodesac wamqezebeli
piradi survilebiT ar moqmedebs. amasTan dakavSirebiT igi
svams sakiTxs: ìqneba Tu ara wamqezebeli is, vinc
danaSaulisaken agulianebda sxvas misi
marTlmsajulebisaTvis gadacemisa da pasuxismgeblobis
dakisrebis mizniT?... aseTi wamqezeblebi SeiZleba iyvnen
rogorc kerZo pirebi, aseve, umeteswilad, am rolSi
gvevlinebian sapolicio xelisuflebis umcrosi agentebi,
gamomZieblebi, romlebic asruleben e.w. agents provokateurs
(Lockspitzel) rols. SeiZleba Tu ara am pirebis mimarT
294
cit. T. wereTlis mix., Tanamonawileoba danaSaulSi, Tb., 1965, gv. 163-164;
Труды юридического общества при императорсом С.-Петербургском университете, том
1,С.П., 1910, с. 242 и др.
295
ix. wereTeli T. Tanamonawileoba danaSaulSi, Tb., 1965, gv. 163-164.
110
gamoviyenoT wamqezeblis cneba, ra Tqma unda, amisaTvis yvela
saerTo pirobebis arsebobisas?~ 296
rogorc qveviT davinaxavT, n. tagancevi kategoriulad
moiTxovs agent-provokatoris dasjas wamqezeblis saxiT: _
ùpirveles yovlisa ueWvelia, rom erTma mxolod
waqezebulis kanonier pasuxisgebaSi micemis survilma ar
SeiZleba gamoricxos wamqezemlis dasjadoba. Tu vinmem
Seaguliana, dauSvaT, sakuTari Zma mkvlelobisaTvis, raTa
Semdeg daabezRos da isargeblos misi qonebiT, romelsac
uflebebi CamoarTves, an rogorc glazers mohyavs magaliTi,
imisaTvis, rom isargeblos misi dakavebiT da moxiblos misi
coli an qaliSvili, ra Tqma unda, aseTi piri aramarto
uzneod moqmedia, aramed sisxlissamarTlebrivad dasjadi
wamqezebelia.~ 297
n. tagancevis citirebuli azris safuZvlianoba,
bunebrivia, araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs, ramdenadac moyvanil
magaliTebSi wamqezeblis moqmedebebi veraviTar gamarTlebas
ver hpovebs. Tuki samarTali uSvebs danaSaulebrivi situaciis
xelovnurad gamowvevas es nakarnaxevi unda iyos aramarto
damnaSavis marTlmsajulebisaTvis gadacemis ganzraxviT,
aramed Seqmnili viTarebis ukiduresobiT anu danaSaulSi
eWvmitanilis sxvagvarad dakavebis SeuZleblobiT.
n. tagancevi Tavis msjelobis safuZvlianobas ufro
akonkretebs: ìm SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac wamqezebeli
xelmZRvanelobs ara piradi zraxvebiT, aramed Taviseburad
gagebuli samsaxurebrivi movaleobebis an sazogadoebrivi
interesebiT, mainc msgavsi damowmeba sakmarisi araa
wamqezeblis dausjelobis aRiarebisaTvis. samsaxurebrivi
movaleobebis damowmeba TavisTavad ususuria, radgan aranairi
kanoni ar iZleva uflebas da arc SeiZleba ufleba misces
vinmes msgavsi saqmianobisaTvis. policiis valdebulebaa
Cadenili danaSaulebrivi qmedebebis gaxsna an momzadebul
danaSaulTa Tavidan acileba; magram am da sxva SemTxvevaSic
am saqmianobas araferi saerTo ara aqvs axali danaSaulebis
an danaSaulebrivi mcdelobebis ganxorcielebasTan. Aamgvari
damowmeba gaumarTlebelia aramxolod maSin, rodesac
mocemulma agentma mimarTa danaSaulis gaxsnis Sesabamis
xerxs, aramed maSinac, rodesac igi moqmedebda ufrosis
brZanebiT, ramdenadac Sesabamisi brZaneba ukanonoa.~ n.
tagancevi iqve daaskvnis, rom ramdenadac danaSaulis
provokators Sedegic surs, amdenad ar SeiZleba igi
wamqezeblad ar miviCnioT. 298
n. tagancevis naazrevidan aSkaraa, rom agent-
provokatoris moqmedeba yovelTvis unda ganixilebodes
rogorc danaSaulis waqezeba. analogiur mosazrebas
iziareben sxva kriminalistebic. magaliTad, T. wereTeli,
296
Таганцев Н. С., dasax. naSr., gv. 595.
297 iqve, gv.595.
298
ix. iqve, gv. 596.
111
lublinski, a. trainini da sxv. `samZebro organoebma ar
SeiZleba gamoiyenon danaSaulis gaxsnis mizniT iseTi
sazogadoebrivad saSiSi da ukanono meTodi, rogoricaa
danaSaulis provokacia.~ 299
Tu saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis
ganviTarebis istorias gadavxedavT, calke muxlad
danaSaulis provokacia saerTod ar yofila
gaTvaliswinebuli. saqarTvelos ssr 1928 wlis sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 125-e muxli iTvaliswinebda mxolod
Tanamdebobis piris mier qrTamis provokaciis Semadgenlobas.
sabWoTa qveynebidan pirvelad sakanonmdeblo doneze
specialuri norma qrTamis provokaciisaTvis
pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb dawesda rsfsr 1922 wlis sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsiT. qrTamis provokacia ganisazRvreboda
rogorc Tanamdebobis piris mier winaswari SecnobiT
mdgomareobisa da pirobebis Seqmna, romelic iwvevs qrTamis
SeTavazebas qrTamis mimcemis Semdgomi mxilebis mizniT. Aase
rom, pasuxismgebloba gaTvaliswinebuli iyo mxolod qrTamis
mimcemis provokaciuli saqmianobisaTvis. Tumca, 1926 wlis
rsfsr sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi amgvari xarvezi Seivso
kanonmdeblis mier (muxli 119-e) da qrTamis provokaciaSi
igulisxmeboda Tanamdebobis piris mier winaswari SecnobiT
mdgomareobisa da pirobebis Seqmna, romelic iwvevs qrTamis
SeTavazebas an aRebas qrTamis mimcemis an amRebis Semdgomi
mxilebis mizniT. 300
ssr kavSirisa da mokavSire respublikebis sisxlis
samarTlis kanonmdeblobis 1958 wlis safuZvlebis miRebis
Semdeg analogiuri Semadgenloba mxolod ukrainis ssr 1960
wlis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 171-e muxliT iyo
SenarCunebuli. ruseTis moqmed sisxlix samarTlis kodeqsSi
danaSaulis provokaciis mxolod kerZo SemTxvevaa
gaTvaliswinebuli. saxeldobr, ruseTis ssk-is 304-e muxliT
dawesebulia pasuxismgebloba qrTamis an komerciuli
mosyidvis provokaciisaTvis. rusul sisxlissamarTlebriv
literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba sxva danaSaulis
provokaciis SesaZleblobis Taobaze, rac udavo WeSmaritebaa.
e. dubonosovs mohyavs rusi avtorebis gamokvlevebis Sedegebi:
_ `miuxedavad imisa, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgebloba gaTvaliwinebulia mxolod qrTamis an
komerciuli mosyidvis provokaciisaTvis, gamokiTxuli
operatiuli muSakebis 45,6% Tvlis mas SesaZleblad sxva
Semadgenlobebis mimarTac. literaturaSi SeiZleba moinaxos
mtkiceba imis Sesaxeb, rom igi SeiZleba Segvxvdes
narkotikebis, sabrZolo masalebis SenaxvaSi, savaluto
299
ix. T. wereTlis dasax. naSr., gv. 165-166; Труды юридического общества при
императорсом С.-Петербургском университетеб том 1,С.П., 1910, с. 272; Траинин А. Н.,
учение о саучастии, М., 1941, с. 103.
300
ix. Дубоносов Е. С., Провокация взятки либо коммерческого подкупа. Серия «высшая
школа», М., 2002, с. 8.
112
operaciebis darRvevaSi, jibis qurdobasa sxva danaSaulebSi
pirTa mxilebisas.* masobrivi sainformacio saSualebebic
aseve amtkicebs, rom samarTaldamcavi organoebi operatiuli
eqsperimentis ganxorcielebisas iyeneben moqalaqeTa
Tanadgomas narkotikul saSualebaTa SeZenaSi eWvmitanilTa
mxilebisaTvis.* ” 301
danaSaulis provocirebasTan dakavSirebuli
problemis gadaWras germanul sisxlissamarTlebriv
doqtrinaSi Camoyalibebuli Teoriebi sxvadasxvagvarad
cdiloben:
`1. samarTlebrivi sikeTis safrTxeSi Cagdebis zRvaris
Teoriis (Die Theorie der Rechtsgutsgefährdungsgrenze) mixedviT,
wamqezebloba mxolod maSin gamoiricxeba, Tu wamqezebels
situaciis ganviTareba, qmedebis obieqtis sxvagvari xelyofis
gamoricxviT, mxolod mTavari qmedebis mcdelobamde surs. Tu
qmedebis dasrulebis gamoricxva SeuZlebelia an
aucilebelic kia qmedebis formaluri dasruleba, saxeze
yovelTvis wamqezebloba gveqneba, radganac Tanamonawilis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi dasjadobis ganmapirobebeli
,,xelyofis mimarTuleba,~ samarTlebriv sikeTesTan
mimarTebaSi, ukve swored samarTlebrivi sikeTis safrTxeSi
CagdebaSi gansxeuldeba. mxolod agent-provokatoris
,,safrTxis Tavidan asarideblad SiSvel mzadyofnas~ ar
SeuZlia qmedebas samarTlebrivi sikeTis damazianebeli
xasiaTi daukargos. aseve sagulisxmoa, rom saWiroa
SeizRudos moqmedebis sisxlissamarTlebrivi dasjadobisagan
gaTavisuflebuli is areali, romelic tvirTad, sabolood,
samarTlebrivi sikeTis matarebels awveba. maSasadame, rogorc
ki samarTlebrivi sikeTis safrTxeSi Cagdebis gamoricxva
aRar moxerxdeba, an saWiro gaxdeba qmedebis formaluri
dasruleba, am Sexedulebis Tanaxmad, adgili eqneba
wamqezeblobas agent-provokatoris mxridan. aseT SemTxvevebSi,
mxolod gamamarTlebeli garemoebis amoqmedebis sakiTxiRa
unda iqnes ganxiluli germaniis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
$ 34-ze (marTlzomieri ukiduresi aucilebloba)
dayrdnobiT.~ 302
`2. qmedebis ganxorcielebis formaluri zRvaris
Teoriis D(Die Theorie der formellen Vollendungsgrenze) mimdevrebi
wamqezeblobas mxolod maSin uaryofen, Tu wamqezebels
situaciis ganviTareba mxolod mTavari qmedebis mcdelobamde
surs. amasTan erTad, mdgomareoba ar Seicvleba Tu
wamqezebels ar SeeZlo gamoericxa samarTlebrivi sikeTis
daugegmavi dazianebis safrTxe. wamqezeblobas mxolod maSin
301
cit. iqve, gv. 23, *Замошкин С. А может быть провокация? Чистые руки, 1999, №2, с.
82;* Котин В. П., Провокация взятки (К проблеме совершенствования законодателства),
Государство и право, 1996, №2.
302
Heinrich Bernd, Strafrecht - Allgemeiner Teil II, Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 2005, S.
187.
113
eqneba adgili, Tu igi sakuTar ganzraxvaSi qmedebis
formalur dasrulebasac itevda.~ 303
`3. samagierod, qmedebis materialuri ganxorcielebis
zRvaris Teoriis (Die Theorie der materiellen Vollendungsgrenze)
mixedviT, wamqezebloba mxolod maSin ki ar gamoiricxeba,
rodesac wamqezebels situaciis ganviTareba mxolod mTavari
qmedebis mcdelobamde surs, aramed maSinac, rodesac igi
amasTanave ganzrax urigdeba qmedebis formalur
ganxorcielebas (pirobiTad). is mxolod maSin iqneba
(namdvili) wamqezebeli, Tu igi agreTve qmedebis materialuri
dasrulebiskenac miiswrafvis. es imitom, rom am Teoriis
mimdevarTa azriT, wamqezebels, saboloo jamSi,
samarTlebrivi sikeTis mflobelisaTvis zaralis miyeneba ar
undoda. aqedan gamomdinare, iseT kazusebSi, sadac
amsrulebeli qmedebis sisruleSi moyvanasa da qmedebis
dasrulebas Soris unda iqnes mxilebuli, dasjadi
wamqezeblobis ganmapirobebeli samarTlebrivi sikeTis
materialuri xelyofa ar arsebobs. amasTanave, sasjelisagan
gaTavisuflebul qmedebaTa arealis gafarToeba kriminalur-
politikuri safuZvlebis gamoc mizanSewonilia. am
Sexedulebas im daskvnamde mivyavarT, rom agent-provokatoris
qmedeba wamqezeblobis gamo manam ar aris dasjadi, sanam igi
sakuTar ganzraxvaSi qmedebis materialur dasrulebasac ar
iTavsebs.~ 304
4. aRniSnuli Teoriebis ganxilvis Semdeg germaneli
mecnieri b. hainrixi mxars samarTlebrivi sikeTis
gamousworebeli dazianebis im Teorias (Die Theorie der
irreparablen Rechtsgutsverletzung) uWers, romelic agent-
provokators, tendenciis Sesabamisad, sasjelisagan
gaTavisuflebul qmedebaTa kidev ufro farTo arealiT
uzrunvelzofs, vidre wina Teoria. aqedan gamomdinare,
savsebiT mizanSewonilia wamqezebels maSinac ki mivceT
situaciidan dausjelad gamosvlis SesaZlebloba, rodesac
igi, marTalia, urigdeba qmedebis SesaZlo materialur
dasrulebas, magram ar surs am situaciis samarTlebrivi
sikeTis gamousworebel dazianebamde ganviTareba. maSasadame,
dasjadobis zRvarze mxolod maSin iqneba gadabijebuli, Tu
wamqezebeli samarTlebrivi sikeTis SesaZlo gamousworebel
dazianebas Seurigdeba. amgvari midgomis sisworis dasabuTeba
imiTaa SesaZlebeli, rom, wamqezebels, saboloo jamSi, ar
surs zarali miayenos samarTlebrivi sikeTis mflobels.
aqedan gamomdinare, ar arsebobs wamqezeblis dasjadobis
ganmapirobebeli, samarTlebrivi sikeTis materialuri
xelyofa. amgvari xelyofa maSinac ki, rodesac adgili aqvs
samarTlebriv sikeTeze xanmokle mavne zemoqmedebas, mxolod
iseT dros gvaqvs saxeze, rodesac samarTlebrivi sikeTe,
303
Heinrich Bernd, dasax. naS., gv. 188.
304
iqve, gv. 188.
114
saboloo jamSi, gamousworeblad daziandeba. savaWro
centrebSi Cadenili qurdobebis magaliTi gviCvenebs, rom
xelyofil samarTlebriv sikeTesTan mimarTebaSi, araviTari
mniSvneloba ar aqvs amsrulebels nivTis dauflebis momentSi
amxelen (waaswreben), misi gadamalvis momentSi, Tu Senobis
datovebisas. aqedan gamomdinare, wamqezeblobis sakiTxi
aqtualuri maSin xdeba, rodesac samarTlebrivi sikeTis
xelyofa xangrZliv xasiaTs miiRebs da wamqezebeli amgvar
SedegTan Seguebuli iyo. Tumca, amgvar SemTxvevebSi, erTxel
kidev, germaniis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis $ 34-ze
(marTlzomieri ukiduresi acilebloba) dayrdnobiT,
aucileblad unda davfiqrdeT qmedebis gamarTlebulobaze. 305
saqarTvelos moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
145-e muxli (danaSaulis provokacia) siaxles warmoadgens.
aRniSnuli muxlis Tanaxmad, danaSaulis provokacia
ganmartebulia rogorc sxvisi dayolieba danaSaulis
Casadenad misi sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi micemis
mizniT. maSasadame, kanonmdebeli am muxlis SeqmniT moiTxovs
mkveTrad gaimijnos erTmaneTisagan wamqezeblis saqmianoba da
agent-provokatoris saqmianoba.
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 24-e muxlis me-2 nawilis
mixedviT: `wamqezebelia is, vinc daiyolia sxva piri ganzraxi
danaSaulis Casadenad.~ am konkretul SemTxvevaSi sakiTxis
Rrma kvlevisaTvis aucilebelia gamoviyenoT SedarebiTi
kvlevis meTodi, rac, upirveles yovlisa, gulisxmobs or
movlenas Soris msgavsebis, xolo meore safexurze
gansxvavebis dadgenas.
Apirveli, agent-provokatoris, iseve rogorc
wamqezeblis moqmedeba, obieqturi mxriv gamoixateba sxva
piris dayoliebaSi danaSaulis Casadenad.
Mmeore msgavseba agent-provokatorsa da wamqezebels
Soris isaa, rom orive maTgani Seracxadi unda iyos.
Mmesame, agent-provikatoric da wamqezebelic iyolieben
Seracxads, radgan Tu Seuracxis dayolieba xdeba adgili
eqneba SualobiT amsruleblobas.
meoTxe, agent-provikatoric da wamqezebelic Seracxad
pirs ubiZgeben pirdapiri ganzraxviT Casadeni danaSaulisaken.
marTalia, ssk-is 145-e muxli wamqezeblis gansazRvrebisagan
gansxvavebiT ar Seicavs miTiTebas ganzraxi Tu
gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulisaTvis xdeba dayolieba, magram
SeuZlebelia warmovidginoT iseTi situacia, rodesac piris
dayolieba xdeba arapirdapiri ganzraxviT an
gaufrTileblobiT Casadeni danaSaulisaTvis. arapirdapiri
ganzraxvisas da gaufrTxileblobisas Sedegis dadgomamde ar
SeiZleba visaubroT qmedebis kriminalurobaze, radgan
momzadeba an mcdeloba mxolod pirdapiri ganzraxviT
SeiZleba, xolo danaSaulis provokaciis SemadgenlobisaTvis
305
ix. Heinrich Bernd, dasax. naS., gv. 189.
115
gadamwyvetia danaSaulis Casadenad piris dayolieba da
aranairi mniSvneloba ara aqvs, Tu danaSaulis romel
stadiaze iqna aRkveTili dayoliebulis danaSaulebrivi
saqmianoba. amasTan, Tu agent-provikatori an wamqezebeli
Seacdens pirs da igi arapirdapiri ganzraxviT an
gaufrTxileblobiT danaSauls Caides, maSin saqme gveqneba
SualobiT amsruleblobasTan.
mexuTe, arc agent-provokatorad da arc wamqezeblad
piris cnobisaTvis mniSvneloba ara aqvs danaSaulis motivs.
Mmsgavsi niSnebis dadgenis Semdeg aucilebelia
gairkves maTi ganmasxvavebeli niSnebic.
Uupirveles yovlisa, agent-provokatorsa da
wamqezebels ganasxvavebs maTi samoqmedo mizani. wamqezeblis
mizani yovelTvis emTxveva amsruleblisa da sxva
Tanamonawileebis mizans; agent-provokatori swored imitom
ar miiCneva mis mier dayoliebuli piris wamqezeblad, rom maT
sxvadasxva mizani gaaCniaT: _ agent-provokatoris mizani
yovelTvis dayoliebulis sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi
micemaa. Aam mxriv, sainteresoa o. gamyreliZis kritika
braleuli Tanamonawileobis moZRvrebis Sesaxeb: braleuli
Tanamonawileobis moZRvrebis mixedviT danaSaulis
Tanamonawilis dasjadoba Sveicarul iuridiul
literaturaSi e.w. korufciis ideas efuZneba. `Tanamonawilisa
(wamqezeblis) da amsruleblis dasja sxvadasxva safuZvelze
xdeba. isini sxvadasxva sikeTes xelyofen. Tanamonawile,
kerZod, wamqezebeli, xelyofs amsruleblis pirovnebas, mis
socialur integracias, xolo amsrulebeli sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawiliT dacul romelime
konkretul sikeTes (adamianis sicocxle, qoneba da sxv.).
amrigad, socialuri integracia yofila damoukidebeli
samarTlebrivi sikeTe. Ees ukve imaze mianiSnebs, rom
wamqezebloba Tanamonawileoba ki araa, isic danaSaulis
gamovlinebis iseTive damoukidebeli forma yofila, rogoric
amsruleblobaa. wamqezebloba am Tvalsazrisis Tanaxmad,
damoukidebeli Sinaarsis umarTlobaa, radganac igi
amsruleblisagan gansxvavebul samarTlebriv sikeTes
azianebs. Aaqedan ukve erTaderTi daskvna unda gakeTdes:
braleuli Tanamonawileobis moZRvreba saerTod uaryofs
danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis cnebas da Slis yovelgvar
zRvars Tanamonawileobasa (wamqezebloba) da amsruleblobas
Soris.~ 306
o. gamyreliZis azriT, Tu wamqezebels SecdomaSi
Sehyavs amsrulebeli, maSin waqezebis Cveulebriv SemTxvevas
ver gavuTanabrebT iseT SemTxvevas, roca agent-provokatori
aqezebs sxvas danaSaulis Casadenad. `wamqezeblis moqmedeba
maSin iqneba mimarTuli amsruleblis pirovnebis winaaRmdeg,
306
gamyreliZe o., sisxlissamarTlebrivi umarTlobis problema da
gv. 9-14.
116
roca waqezeba xdeba provokaciuli mizniT, roca
amsrulebelma ar icis, rom mas aqezeben imisaTvis, raTa
danaSaulis Cadenis momentSi Seipyron da dasajon.~ 307
maSasadame, agent-provokatori imitom araa wamqezebeli,
rom mas amsruleblisa da TanamonawileebisaTvis ucnobi,
gansxvavebuli mizani amoZravebs. mizanze dakvirveba ki sul
sxva suraTs qmnis: jer erTi, faqtobrivi (da ara iuridiuli)
gagebiT wamqezebeli provokaciuli miznis gamo
damoukidebeli danaSaulis uSualo amsruleblad gvevlineba,
rac saSualebas gvaZlevs vTqvaT, rom wamqezeblisagan
gansxvavebiT agent-provokatori danaSaulis Semadgenlobas
uSualod asrulebs; meore, _ cnobilia, rom xSirad mizani
danaSaulis obieqts avlens, ris gamoc wamqezebeli igive
obieqts xelyofis, rasac amsrulebeli da Tanamonawileebi,
xolo agent-provokatori yovelTvis xelyofs adamianis
uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs.
CvenTvis miuRebelia sabWoTa sisxlissamarTlebriv
literaturaSi gamoTqmuli azri, romlis Tanaxmadac,
provokatori wamqezeblis gansakuTrebul saxed ganixileba
misi moqmedebis miznis miuxedavad. marTalia, sabWoTa sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsebi saSualebas ar iZleoda provokaciuli
qmedeba damoukidebel danaSaulad miCneuliyo, magram
kanonmdeblobis am naklze mecnierebaSic ar miuTiTebdnen.
gavrcelebul debulebad iTvleboda, rom `yovelgvari
dayolieba danaSaulis CadenisaTvis SemdgomSi im piris
mxilebis mizniT, romelsac provokacia mouwyves, ganixileba
Tanamonawileobad da gamoiwvevs pasuxismgeblobas
Tanamonawileobis wesebis mixedviT. Aam Tvalsazrisis iyo
rogorc sabWoTa mecnier-kriminalistTa umravlesoba, ise
sasamarTlo praqtika.~ 308
amrigad, Tu erTad moqmed or an met Seracxads
erTiani mizani ar amoZravebT, Tanamonawileobaze saubari
SeuZlebelia. swored amitomaa, rom agent-provokatori ver
iqneba im danaSaulis Tanamonawile (wamqezebeli), romliskenac
ubiZga man `xafangSi~ gabmul adamians.
mesame ganmasxvavebeli niSani am or figuras Soris
danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebaSi unda veZeboT.
ramdenadac danaSaulis provokacia formaluri danaSaulia,
amdenad wamqezebelTan SedarebiT agent-provokatorisaTvis
danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba mniSvnelovnad
SezRudulia: wamqezebels sruli iuridiuli ufleba aqvs
307
gamyreliZe o., sisxlissamarTlebrivi umarTlobis problema da
gv. 14.
308
ix: magaliTad, mayaSvili v., tyeSeliaZe g., pasuxismgebloba
meqrTameobisaTvis. gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo,~ Tb., 1964, gv. 210-
211; Траинин А. Н. Учение о соучастии, М., 1941, с. 103; Гришаев П. И., Кригер Г.А.
Соучастие советскому уголовному праву, М., 1959, с. 148-149; Советское уголовное право,
часть общая, Л., изд. ЛГУ, 1960, с. 416-417.
117
danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xeli aiRos mas Semdeg, rodesac
man danaSaulis Casadenad sxva daiyolia, jer kidev ar
ganxorcielebula danaSaulis SemadgenlobiT
gaTvaliwinebuli yvela niSani da Segulianebul adamians
nebayoflobiT da sabolood gadaarwmunebs danaSaulis
Cadenisagan. Aanalogiur situaciaSi amgvari SesaZlebloba
agent-provokators saerTod ar gaaCnia, rameTu sxvisi
dayoliebisTanave danaSaulis provokacia damTavrebul
danaSaulad iTvleba.
meoTxe, wamqezeblis danaSaulebrivi qmedeba yovelTvis
sxvaze fsiqikur zemoqmedebaSi gamoixateba, ris gamoc
wamqezeblisa da amsruleblis subieqturi kavSiri yovelTvis
ormxrivia anu amsrulebelma icis, rom mas danaSaulis
Casadenad aqezeben. provokaciuli saqmianobisas piris
dayolieba danaSaulis Casadenad SeiZleba, rogorc piradad
provokaciis `msxverplisaTvis~ agent-provokatoris mier
danaSaulis Cadenis SeTavazeba, ise situaciis xelovnurad
Seqmna, rodesac agent-provokatori `safaridan~ adevnebs
Tvalyurs situaciis ganviTarebas da `msxverplma~ ar icis
arc Seqmnili viTarebis namdvili arsi da arc `xafangis~
momwyobis vinaoba. magaliTad, a-m rkinigzis sadgurze dado
Cemodani, romelsac Sori manZilidan adevnebs Tvalyurs im
varaudiT, rom mavani da mavani Secdeba Cemodans ukanonod
daeufleba, ris Semdegad damnaSaves Seipyrobs
sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi micemis mizniT.
axla unda gairkves Semdegi sakiTxi: provokaciuli
saqmianoba yovelTvis akrZalulia, Tu aris gansazRvruli
situaciebi, rodesac samarTali gamonaklisis saxiT
dasaSvebad miiCnevs danaSaulis xelovnurad gamowvevas.
sisxlis samarTlisa da sisxlis samarTlis procesis
miznebis ganxorcieleba sakmaod mravalmxriv Zalisxmevas
saWiroebs. zogjer iqmneba ukiduresi situacia, rodesac
aucilebelia danaSaulis provocireba. am TvalsazrisiT,
yuradRebas ipyrobs saqarTvelos 1999 wlis 15 maisis kanoni
òperatiul-samZebro saqmianobis Sesaxeb.~ Ooperatiul-
samZebro saqmianobis miznebidan aRsaniSnavia sazogadoebrivi
uSiSroebis, danaSaulebrivi da sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego
xelyofisagan dacvis mizani (1-li muxlis 1-li nawili).
aRniSnuli miznebis misaRwevad, sakvlev sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT, sayuradReboa amave kanonis me-2 muxlis Semdegi
amocanebi: a) danaSaulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis
gamovlena, aRkveTa da Tavidan acileba; b) im piris dadgena,
romelic amzadebs, sCadis an romelsac Cadenili aqvs
danaSauli an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba; v) sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeze aucilebeli faqtobrivi monacemebis
mopoveba.
aRniSnuli amocanebis saerTo niSani isaa, rom samive
mimarTulia danaSaulis gaxsnisaken, risTvisac aucilebelia
danaSaulis Camdeni piris gamovlena da danaSaulis CadenaSi
118
misi mamxilebeli mtkicebulebebis dadgena. am amocanebis
ganxorcielebisaTvis marTlac SesaZlebelia danaSaulis
provocireba Tu igi ukiduresi aucileblobiTaa
ganpirobebuli. kompetenturi organos muSakebs SeuZliaT
mocemul situaciaSi ganaxorcielon `sakontrolo Sesyidva~
an `kontrolirebadi miwodeba~ (aRniSnuli kanonis me-7
muxlis me-2 nawilis `g~ da `d~ qvepunqtebi). Axsenebuli
kanonis 1-li muxlis me-2 nawilis `d~ qvepunqtis mixedviT
sakontrolo Sesyidva niSnavs operatiuli muSakis an
operatiul-samZebro organos mier operatiuli informaciis
safuZvelze sagnis an nivTierebis SeZenas anda SeZenis
situaciis Seqmnas (misi gasaRebis an moxmarebis miznis
gareSe); xolo amave nawilis è~ qvepunqtis mixedviT,
kontrolirebadi miwodeba niSnavs danaSaulis gaxsnis,
danaSaulis Camdeni piris gamosavlenad saqarTvelos
farglebSi (xolo saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT
gaTvaliwinebul SemTxvevaSi _ saqarTvelos farglebs
gareTac), saqarTvelos farglebis garedan saqarTveloSi an
saqarTvelos gavliT nivTieri mtkicebulebis an iseTi sagnis
kontrolirebad gadaadgilebas, romlis Tavisufali
realizacia kanoniT akrZalulia an SezRudulia.
maSasadame, praqtikulad SeiZleba warmoiSvas iseTi
viTareba, rodesac damnaSavis pasuxisgebaSi misacemad saWiro
mtkicebulebebis mopovebisaTvis aucilebelia danaSaulis
provocireba. Tumca, aseTi provocireba mxolod maSin unda
iyos dasaSvebi Tu eWvmitanilTa danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba
romelime erT-erT pirobas akmayofilebs: 1) Tu eWvmitanilTa
danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba sistematur xasiaTs atarebs.
magaliTad, narkotikebis gamsaReblebis dasadgenad zogjer
aucilebelia policiis agentma Seisyidos narkotikuli
nivTiereba, raTa Semdeg es faqti mtkicebulebad gamoiyenos.
anda, vTqvaT, garkveuli pirebi sacxovrebels an adgils
gadascemen `klientebs~ prostituciisaTvis (ssk-is 253-e
muxli); 2) danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba gangrZobad (am sityvis
iuridiuli gagebiT) xasiaTs atarebs. magaliTad,
kompiuterebis sawarmos direqtoris informaciis safuZvalze
policiis agenti am sawarmos im muSaks, romelic eWvmitanilia
kompiuteruli mowyobilobebis qurdobaSi da misi mizania am
nawilebiT kompiuteris awyoba da realizacia, SesTavazebs
kvlav miiTvisos kompiuteris nawilebi; 3) ama Tu im
danaSaulis momzadebis stadiaze misi aRkveTis da misi
Camdenis dakavebis mizniT moxdeba provocireba. magaliTad,
agent-provokatori mkvlelobis momzadebisas mkvlels
SesTavazebs erToblivad ganaxorcielon mkvleloba.
Tu kompetenturi organos agenti aseTi danaSaulis
Camden pirebs danaSaulis provokacias mouwyobs maTi
Semdgomi danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis aRsakveTad da maT
faqtze waswrebis gamo daakaveben, agentis moqmedeba
marTlzomierad unda CaiTvalos. zemoaRniSnul samive
119
SemTxvevaSi danaSaulis provokaciis marTlzomierad
miCnevisaTvis aseve umTavresia Semdegi garemoeba: eWvmitanil
pirs unda hqondes danaSaulebrivi ganzraxva da Sesabamisi
qmedeba ganxorcielebuli, romelic sisxlissamarTlebrivad
relevanturia. amgvari saqmianobis ganxorcielebis
uflebamosili organoebi CamoTvlilia operatiul-samZebro
saqmianobis Sesaxeb kanonis me-12 muxlSi. esenia, magaliTad,
Sss operatiuli organoebi, saxelmwifo uSiSroebis
saministros operatiuli organoebi, iusticiis saministros
sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis usafrTxoebis samsaxuri da
a.S.
am mxriv, marTebulia v. ivanovis pozicia, romelic
marTlzomierad Tvlis da araviTar saerTos ar xedavs
provokaciasa da organizebul danaSaulebriv jgufSi
Segzavnili, agreTve samarTaldamcavi organoebisaTvis
danaSaulobasTan brZolaSi konfidenciur sawyisze
daxmarebis aRmomCeni pirebis saqmianobas Soris, romlebic
mowodebulni arian gamoavlinon, aicilon, Sewyviton da
gaxsnan danaSauli maTi gamovlenis romelime stadiaze.
aRniSnuli pirebi ar ubiZgeben amsrulebels danaSaulis
Cadenisaken. aseve ar miiCnevian provokatorebad
danaSaulebrivi jgufis is wevrebi, romlebic TviTon
monawileobdnen danaSaulis CadenaSi, Tumca Semdeg daekisraT
TanamSromloba operatiul-samZebro RonisZiebis Catarebisa da
danaSaulebrivi jgufis sxva wevrebis mxilebisaTvis. 309
moqalaqis mier danaSaulis provokacia, Tundac
ganxorcielebuli iyos damnaSavis Sepyrobis mizniT da sxva
saSualeba ar iyos danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis aRkveTis,
mtkicebulebaTa mopovebisa da damnaSavis mxilebisaTvis,
garda danaSaulis provocirebisa anu danaSaulis
provocireba gamowveuli iyos ukiduresi aucileblobiT,
yovelTvis danaSaulad unda Sefasdes. am mxriv, gamonakliss
warmoadgens kanoniT uflebamosili organoebis qmedebani,
romlebic mowodebulni arian aRkveTon Semdgomi
danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba.
nawilobriv msgavs Sexedulebas aviTarebda n.
tagancevi: `ramdenadme sxvagvarad warmogvidgeba is SemTxveva,
rodesac dayoliebuli piri ukve iZebneba Cadenili romelime
danaSaulis gamo xelisuflebis mier da axali qmedebis da
Tundac misi mcdelobis ganxorcieleba aranair interess ar
emsaxureba, xolo safari ewyoba ara axlad Cadenilis gamo
pasuxisgebaSi micemisaTvis, aramed mxolod damnaSavis
SepyrobisaTvis.~ 310 maSasadame, n. tagancevi agentis aseT
moqmedebas wamqezeblobad ar miiCnevs. Tumca, rogorc qvemoT
davinaxavT, aseT SemTxvevasac zRvardadebulad warmogvidgens.
309
ix. Иванов В.Д. Пониатие провокации преступления. Концепция развития органов
внутренних дел и внутренних войск МВД: теория практика. Тезисы и доклады
межвузовской научно-практической конференции. Белгород, 1996, с. 100.
310
Таганцев Н. С. dasax. naS., gv. 596.
120
da bolos, unda SevexoT provokaciuli saqmianobis
samarTlebrivi Sefasebis sferoSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, yvelaze
rTul sakiTxs, romelic kanoniT uflebaaRWurvil pirTa
provokaciuli saqmianobis farglebs exeba.
sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT daculia iseTi
samarTlebrivi sikeTeebi, romelTa dazianebiT an dazianebis
safrTxis SeqmniT ar iqneba gamarTlebuli agentTa
provokaciuli saqmianoba, ramdenadac TviT am samarTlebriv
sikeTeTa Rirebuleba yovelTvis aRemateba sxva kanonier
interesebs.
operatiul-samZebro saqmianobis Sesaxeb kanonis me-3
muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad: akrZalulia im operatiul-
samZebro RonisZiebis Catareba, romelic:
a) safrTxes uqmnis adamianis sicocxles,
janmrTelobas, pativsa da Rirsebas, qonebas;
b) safrTxes uqmnis iuridiuli piris uflebebs;
g)DDdakavSirebulia motyuebasTan, SantaJTan, ZaliT
dayoliebasTan, danaSaulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego
qmedebis CadenasTan.
kanonis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, unda miviCnioT, rom
Tuki provokaciuli saqmianobiT safrTxe eqmneba sicocxles,
janmrTelobas, pativsa da Rirsebas, qonebas, iuridiuli piris
uflebebs, maSin kompetenturi organoebis agentTa moqmedeba
momzadebis stadias ar unda gascdes, ramdenadac samarTliT
dacul sikeTes mxolod mcdelobis stadiaze eqmneba safrTxe.
yuradRebas ipyrobs aRniSnuli kanonis me-3 muxlis me-2
nawilis `g~ qvepunqti, sadac miTiTebulia, rom operatiul
samZebro RonisZiebis Catareba dauSvebelia, romelic
dakavSirebulia motyuebasTan. kanonis es debuleba,
SezRudulad unda unda gavigoT, radgan es ar gulisxmobs
kanoniT nebadarTul SemTxvevaSi provokaciuli saqmianobis
akrZalvas. provokaciuli saqmianoba yovelTvis motyuebiT
xorcieldeba anu Sesapyrobi piri cdeba swored imitom, rom
man ar icis Seqmnili situaciis realuri suraTi. winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi igi arc `wamoegeboda ankesze.~ magaliTad,
policiis agents narkotikebis gamsaRebeli imitom aZlevs
garkveuli safasuris gadaxdis Semdeg narkotiks, rom igi
motyuvda myidvilis vinaobaSi.
sazRvargareTis specsamsaxurebis praqtikaSi
operatiul eqspqriments `saidumlo operacia~ ewodeba.
magaliTad, aSS-s uzenaesi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT
provokaciad ar iTvleba Tu `pirebs, romlebsac ganzraxuli
aqvT danaSaulis Cadena, saSualeba miecemaT (e.i.
samarTaldamcav organoebs. // Camateba Cemia_i.d.)
ganaxorcielon sakuTari marTlsawinaaRmdego Canafiqri.~*
121
aSS-s specsamsaxurebis mier ganxorcielebuli amgvari
operaciis warmatebul magaliTad miiCneva àbskemis~ saqme.* 311
ssk-is 145-e muxlis (danaSaulis provokacia) Sesaxeb q.
Tbilisis saolqo sasamarTlosa da uzenaesi sasamarTlos
magaliTze, ramdenadac xelmisawvdomi iyo, sasamarTlo
praqtika ar arsebobs. Tumca, udavoa is faqti, rom realurad
cxovrebaSi arsebobs danaSaulis provokaciis Semadgenlobis
niSnebi, romelic sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo reagirebis gareSe
darCa. ai, amis naTeli magaliTebic.
rusTavis saqalaqo sasamarTlom 2002 wlis 26 ivnisis
ganaCeniT c. y. damnaSaved cno markirebas daqvemdebarebuli
aqcizuri saqonlis aqcizuri markis gareSe SenaxvaSi, romlis
Rirebuleba Seadgenda 289,10 lars. sisxlis samarTlis
saqmidan irkveva, rom: `2002 wlis 28 marts, daaxloebiT 13
saaTze, gamoZiebiT daudgenelma pirma q. rusTavSi ind. mewarme
`WilaSvilis~ maRaziaSi sarealizaciod Seitana rusuli
aqcizuri markis mqone sxvadasxva dasaxelebis filtriani
sigaretebi da iq gamyidvelad momuSave c. y-s SesTavaza maTi
SeZena, razec am ukanasknelma uari ganucxada, magram SesaZlo
SeZenisaTvis maRaziis mflobelisaTvis saCveneblad ucnob
mamakacs daTanxmda sigaretis ramdenime blokis datovebaze,
magram man dautova yvela sigareti da gavida maRaziidan, Tan
miaZaxa, rom saRamos movidoda da TviTon daelaparakeboda
sigaretis yidvis Taobaze maRaziis mflobels. misi gasvlidan
maleve (15 wuTis Semdeg) maRaziaSi mividnen policiis muSakebi
da amoiRes uaqcizo sigareti.~ 312
am da analogiuri saqmeebis analizisas, udavod unda
daveTanxmod g. mamulaSvilis mZafr kritikas sagangebo
legionis mimarT, romelic, misi sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,
àvadsaxsenebel òbexss~-s ar Camouvardeboda sagangebo
legioni provokaciebis mowyobaSi.~ 313
aqve unda SevniSnoT sxva samarTaldamcavi organoebis
danaSaulebrivi saqmianobac, romelTa muSakebic Tvalebs
xuWavdnen provokatorTa danaSaulebriv qmedebebze. 2002 wels
saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebs oTxasze meti uaqcizo
saqonlis SeZenis saqme aqvs ganxiluli, romelic Cadenilia
aRniSnul danaSaulTan mebrZoli struqturebis xelSewyobiT.
311
cit. Дубоносов Е. С., dasax. naS., gv. 18, ix: * Николаичик В. М. США: полицейский
контроль над обществом, М., 1987, с.121; * 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi aSS-s
federalurma sagamoZiebo biurom Caatara masStaburi operacia aSS-s
kongresis wevrTa Soris meqrTameTa gamosavlenad. federaluri
sagamoZiebo biuros saidumlo TanamSromlebi, romlebic qrTams
sTavazobdnen, arabi Seihebis saxiT moqmedebdnen (см: Власихин В. Операция
«Абскем»: жучки, маячки и жало в борьбе с коррупцией. Чистие руки.1999, №3, с. 39-52).
312
sisxli samarTlis sasamarTlo praqtikis komentari (ekonomikuri
danaSauli). avtorTa koleqtivi, redaqtori o. gamyreliZe, saqarTvelos
gamomcemloba `meridiani,” Tb., 2004, gv. 343.
313
iqve, gv. 344.
122
Semdeg provocirebuli `samxiliT akaveben da kontrabandasTan
`brZolis efeqtur statistikasac qmnian.~ 314
g. mamulaSvili am mankieri sasamarTlo praqtikis
analizis Semdeg midis daskvnamde, rom zemoaRniSnul
danaSaulTa subieqtebi motyuebuli arian operatiuli
muSakebis mier. 315 es faqti udavoa, Tumca mcireoden
dazustebas moiTxovs. kanoni operatiul-samZebro RonisZiebis
Sesaxeb krZalavs iseTi RonisZiebis Catarebas, romelic
motyuebasTanaa dakavSirebuli, magram, rogorc ukve zemoT
aRiniSna, kanons aq SezRuduli ganmarteba unda mieces, radgan
garkvel SemTxvevebSi samxilis moZieba da damnaSavis dakaveba
SeuZlebelia danaSaulis xelovnurad gamowvevis gareSe. ra
Tqma unda, Tu ukidures viTarebaSi arsebobs zemoT
CamoTvlili sami pirobidan erT-erTi. aseTi provikaciuli
qmedeba yovelTvis eWvmitanilis motyuebiT xorcieldeba, ris
gareSec piris mxileba SeuZlebeli iqneba. magaliTad,
sakontrolo Sesyidva, kontrolirebadi miwodeba da sxv.
msgavs situaciebSi kompetentur organoTa muSakebis mier
ganxorcielebul sagamoZiebo eqsperiments maSin eqneba
danaSaulebrivi xasiaTi Tu maT aRuZres moqalaqes iseTi
danaSaulebrivi ganzraxva, romlis ganxorcielebis survili
saerTod ar hqonia. analogiur azrs vxvdebiT
sisxlisamarTlebriv literaturaSic: òperatiuli
eqsperimenti unda CaiTvalos marTlzomierad da ara
provokaciad, Tu igi ar iwvevs piris danaSaulebriv qcevas da
erTveba misi ukve dawyebuli ganzraxvis realizaciaSi.
mniSvnelovania isic, rom `Sesamowmebels~ eqsperimentis
ganxorcielebamde gaaCnia arCevanis Tavisufleba da ufleba
aqvs nebayoflobiT xeli aiRos danaSaulis bolomde
miyvanaze.~ 316
dasmuli problemis ganxilvisas davinaxeT Tu raoden
didi mniSvneloba aqvs qmedebis danaSaulad kvalifikaciis
procesSi agent-provokatoris qcevis mizans: erTi mxriv, Tu
Sesabamisi pirobebi daculia misi qmedeba marTlzomieria,
meore mxriv, Tu daculi ar aris sagamoZiebo eqsperimentis
marTlzomierebis pirobebi, maSin misi danaSaulebrivi
saqmianoba, literaturaSi gavrcelebuli tradiciuli
azrisagan gansxvavebiT, unda Sefasdes ara wamqezeblobad,
aramed danaSaulis provokaciad, romelic sul sxva tipis
umarTlobs qmnis. amasTan, zogjer danaSaulis provokaciisas
(miuxedavad imisa, igi marTlzomieria Tu ara) icvleba
314
sisxli samarTlis sasamarTlo praqtikis komentari (ekonomikuri
danaSauli). avtorTa koleqtivi, redaqtori o. gamyreliZe, saqarTvelos
gamomcemloba `meridiani,” Tb., 2004, gv. 346.
315
ix. iqve, gv. 347.
316
Селезнев М. Эксперимент или провокация? (К вопросу о борьбе с коррупцией)
Российская юстиция, 1996, №5, с. 51; msgavsi pozicia ix: Дубоносов Е. С., dasax. naS.,
gv. 19.
123
`satyuaraSi~ moxvedril pirTa mier ganxorcielebuli
qmedebebis sisxlissamarTlebrivi Sefasebac. magaliTad, Tu
agent-provokatori a-s SesTavazebs `qrTami” gadasces erT-erT
Tanamdebobis pirs da marTlac, a. miscems fuls
Tanamdebobis pirs, maSin a-s moqmedeba unda dakvalificirdes
qrTamis micemis mcdelobad, xolo Tanamdebobis piris qmedeba
_ qrTamis aRebis mcdelobad. analogiuri azri gamoTqmulia
qarTul sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSic. 317
da bolos, daskvnis saxiT unda iTqvas, rom konkretul
SemTxvevaSi danaSaulis wamqezeblobas aqvs adgili Tu
danaSaulis provokacias samarTlebrivi sikeTis
gamousworebeli dazianebis Teoriis (Die Theorie der irreparablen
Rechtsgutsverletzung) debulebebis Sesabamisad unda gadawydes.
kerZod, am sakiTxis marTebuli gadawyvetisaTvis mTavaria ara
danaSaulis Semadgenlobis sruli ganxorcieleba, aramed aq
gadamwyvetia samarTlebrivi sikeTis dazianebis gamosworebis
obieqturi SesaZlebloba da am SesaZleblobisadmi
damyolieblis subieqturi damokidebuleba. Tu pirs vinmes
dayoliebamde surda samarTlebrivi sikeTis imgvari dazianeba,
rom misi xelyofis Semdgomi gamosworeba ar surda an ar
SeiZleboda, maSin adgili aqvs danaSaulis wamqezeblobas.
magaliTad, Tu a-m b. daiyolia kacis mosaklavad, radgan b-s
sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi micema surda da kacis
sikvdils Tavidanve egueboda, maSin adgili aqvs
wamqezeblobas. gansxvavebulad unda gadawydes sakiTxi maSin,
rodesac dazianebuli samarTlebrivi sikeTis gamosworeba
SeiZleba. magaliTad, Tu a-s surs b-s sisxlissamarTlebriv
pasuxisgebaSi micema da misi waqezebiT b. nivTis farulad
daeufleba da am nivTis ukan dabrunebis SesaZlebloba
arsebobs, a-s moqmedeba danaSaulis provokaciad unda
Sefasdes.
rTuldeba situacia maSin, rodesac iseTi Sedegi
dadgeba, rac damyolieblis ganzraxviT ar iyo moculi.
moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblbiT am sakiTxis
daregulirebisaTvis misaRebi iqneba, Tu ssk-is 145-e muxls
daemateba damamZimebeli garemoebebi, sadac samarTlebrivi
sikeTis Rirebulebis mixedviT gansxvavebuli pasuxismgebloba
iqneba dawesebuli amgvari Sedegis gamowvevisTvis.
317
ix. magaliTad, mayaSvili v., tyeSeliaZe g., pasuxismgebloba
meqrTameobisaTvis. gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo,~ Tb., 1964, gv. 215.
124
d) amsruleblisa da Tanamonawilis pasuxismgeblobis
Taviseburebani motivisa da miznis mixedviT
aqamde ganxiluli iyo TanamonawileTa (rogorc viwro,

ise farTo gagebiT) pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli. axla unda
gairkves iseTi motivebisa da miznebis Taviseburebani,
romlebic TanamonawileTa pasuxismgeblobas an amZimeben an
amsubuqeben.
Tavidanve unda aRiniSnos, rom am kuTxiT sabWour da
axlandel rusul sisxlissamarTlebriv naSromebSi raime
sagulisxmo winadadebebs ver vxvdebiT. es bralisa da
sisxlissamarTlebrivi umarTlobis bunebis SeuswavlelobiT
unda iyos ganpirobebuli. misasalmebelia, rom qarTul
iuridiul azrovnebaSi am sakiTxebze arsebobs Rrma
mecnieruli naSromebi, romelTa avtorebi kvlav ganagrZoben
am mxriv mecnierul kvlevas (mag: o. gamyreliZe, l.-g. kutalia).
`TanamonawileTa ganzraxvam, _ wers b. volkovi, _ aseve
unda moicvas is motivebi da miznebi, romlebiTac
xelmZRvanelobda amsrulebeli danaSaulis Cadenisas, Tundac
aRniSnul motivebsa da miznebs ar iziarebdnen
Tanamonawileebi. mxolod aseT SemTxvevaSi iqmneba subieqturi
kavSiri da is gansakuTrebuli fsiqikuri damokidebuleba,
romelic Tanamonawileobas axasiaTebs.~ 318
sisxlissamarTlebiv literaturaSi gamoTqmulia
mosazreba, rom Tu `Tanamonawile acnobierebs ama Tu im
garemoebebs, romelic exeba amsruleblis pirovnebas da
gavlenas axdens am ukanasknelis mier Cadenili danaSulis
kvalifikaciaze, maT gavlena unda moxdinon TanamonawileTa
mier Cadenili danaSulis kvalifikaciaze.~ 319
mecnierTa nawili Tvlis, rom `TanamonawileTa
pasuxismgeblobaze gavlenas axdenen iseTi garemoebebi,
romlebic axasiaTebs amsruleblis mier Cadenil danaSauls
da makvalificirebeli mniSvneloba gaaCnia. Semamsubuqebeli
da damamZimebeli garemoebebi, romlebic mxolod erTi
Tanamonawilis sazogadoebriv saSiSroebas axasiaTebs, ar
axdens gavlenas sxva TanamonawileTa pasuxismgeblobaze
maSinac ki, rodesac am garemoebebs gaaCnia makvlificirebeli
mniSvneloba da moculi iyo maTi ganzraxviT.~ 320
gansxvavebulad wyvets aRniSnul sakiTxs m. kovaliovi.
igi ganasvavebs obieqturi xasiaTis garemoebebs da
garemoebebs, romelic amsruleblis pirovnebas axasiaTebs.
obieqturi xasiaTis garemoebebi aucileblad unda Seeracxos
aramxolod amsrulebels, aramed sxva Tanamonawileebsac, Tu
maTi ganzraxviT iyo moculi. piriqiT, amsruleblisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi, SeiZleba Seeracxos
318
319
Советское уголовное право. Часть общая, Л., 1960, с. 422.
320
Советское уголовное право. Часть общая, М., 1962, с. 217.
125
Tanamonawileebs Tu maT gacnobierebuli hqondaT es
garemoebani da danaSaulis Semadgenlobis ZiriTadi an
makvalificirebeli niSnis mniSvneloba aqvs. 321
b. volkovis azriT, àm sakiTxis gadasawyvetad ar
SeiZleba gamovideT danaSaulis Cadenis obieqturi da
subieqturi garemoebebis Sepirispirebidan. obieqturi
garemoebebi marTlac did gavlenas axdens calkeul
TanamonawileTa pasuxismgeblobaze. Tumca, es aixsneba ara
aRniSnuli garemoebebis gansakuTrebuli TvisebebiT, aramed
danaSaulis CadenaSi maTi gansakuTrebuli roliT. obieqturi
garemoebebi (drois, viTarebis, moqmedebis saSualebis, Sedegis
simZimis Taviseburebebi da a.S.) yovelTvis dakavSirebulia
danaSaulis CadenasTan, ris gamoc gavlenas axdenen
TanamonawileTa qcevaze, aseve maT mier Cadenili moqmedebis
Sinaarssa da xasiaTze. amas ver vityviT pirad
damokidebulebebsa da garemoebebze. ukanasknelni SeiZleba
mxolod garegnulad iyos dakavSirebuli danaSaulis
CadenasTan da ar moaxdinos araviTari gavlena mis xasiaTsa
da Sinaarsze, TanamonawileTa nebaze da, bunebrivia,
eracxebaT ara yvela Tanamonawiles, aramed mxolod maT,
romelTa mxaresac aris isini.~ 322
`pirad garemoebebs Soris aris iseTebic, romlebic
axasiaTebs Cadenil danaSauls, gansazRvraven misi
sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis xarisxs. aseTebs, upirveles
yovlisa, miekuTvneba danaSaulis Cadenis motivi da mizani.
ramdenadac es garemoebebi marTlsawinaaRmdego qcevis
motivaciis aucilebel pirobebs warmoadgens, amdenad isini
SeuZlebelia ar iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli TanamonawileTa
pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvrisas. maSasadame, subieqtur
garemoebeTa Seracxvis safuZveli da moculoba emyareba imave
principebs, rasac obieqturi xasiaTis garemoebebis Seracxva.
aucilebelia, rom Sesaracxi garemoebebi dakavSirebuli iyos
danaSaulis CadenasTan, zemoqmedebas axdendnen
TanamonawileTa nebaze.~ 323
`Tu motivi da mizani, _ ganagrZobs b. volkovi _
romliTac xelmZRvanelobs amsrulebeli danaSaulis
Cadenisas, danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSnebia an ganixileba
rogorc damamZimebeli garemoebeba, maSin isini Seeracxeba
sxva Tanamonawileebsac maSinac ki, rodesac es motivebi da
miznebi maT mier gaziarebuli ar iyo, magram moculi iyo maTi
ganzraxviT. magaliTad, Tu amsrulebelma Caidina mkvleloba
angarebiTi motiviT, xolo wamqezebelsa da damxmares
Segnebuli hqondaT es, maSin maT pasuxi unda agon angarebiT
mkvlelobisaTvis, miuxedavad imisa, rom SesaZlebelia isini
sxva ganzraxviTa da motiviT moqmedebdnen. am SemTxvevaSi
321
ix. Ковалев М. И. Соучастие в преступлении. Ч. 2, Свердловск, 1961, с. 159.
322
323 iqve, gv. 116.
126
amsruleblis angarebiTi motivi ar iqceva wamqezeblisa da
damxmaris danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis motivad. sakuTari
qcevisas isini xelmZRvaneloben sakuTari interesebiT da
isaxaven sakuTar miznebs. moqmedebis motivebsa (da miznebSi)
Cveulebriv gaxatulebas poulobs adamianis ZiriTadi
pirovnuli Tvisebebi, individualuri xasiaTi.~ 324
`danaSaulis motivi da mizani unda Seeracxos sxva
Tanamonawileebs im SemTxvevaSic, Tu isini gavlenas ar
axdenen kvalifikaciaze, magram axasiaTebs amsruleblis mier
Cadenili danaSaulis mometebul saSiSroebas.~ 325
zogierT SemTxvevaSi, Tanamonawilis qcevaze am
garemoebaTa araerTgvarovani gavlenis gamo, maT SeiZleba
hqondeT sawinaaRmdego mniSvneloba. Tu, magaliTad, vinme
isargeblebs im piris Zlieri sulieri aRelvebiT, visac mZime
Seuracxyofa miayenes da mas waaqezebs Seuracxmyofelis
mkvlelobisaken, maSin wamqezeblisaTvis SurisZieba ganixileba
rogorc damamZimebeli garemoeba, xolo amsruleblis mier
Cadenili danaSauli Semamsubuqebel garemoebaSi Cadenilad
CaiTvleba. sxva mniSvneloba aqvs TanamonawileTa
moqmedebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel motivebsa da miznebs. Tu
kvalifikaciaze gavlenis mqone motivebi da miznebi ar
arsebobs amsruleblis mxares da axasiaTebs marto sxva
Tanamonawileebs, maSin isini ar SeiZleba Seeracxos mas
bralad. magaliTad, a-m SurisZiebis gamo gadawyvita moekla b.,
v. ar iziarebda a-s motivs, magram mainc aRmouCina daxmareba
sakuTari motivisa da miznis gansaxorcieleblad. kerZod, mas
surda gaTavisuflebuliyo im didi Tanxis gadaxdisagan,
romlic valad hqonda aRebuli b-sagan. aSkaraa, rom mocemul
SemTxvevaSi mkvlelobis angarebiTi motivi ar SeiZleba
Seeracxos amsrulebels, maSinac ki, rodesac misTvis nacnobi
iyo b-s namdvili ganzraxva, radgan am motivs araviTari
gavlena ar mouxdenia mis nebasa da qcevaze. 326
wamqezeblis an damxmaris mxares arsebuli motivebi da
miznebi SeiZleba Seeracxos amsrulebels mxolod calkeul
SemTxvevebSi, kerZod, maSin, rodesac amsrulebeli iRwvis
sakuTari interesebisaTvis, Tumca sakuTar Tavze iRebs
TanamonawileTa ganzraxvisa da motivebis ganxorcielebasac;
sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, rodesac amsrulebeli gvevlineba
TanamonawileTa ganzraxvisa da nebis realizaciis
saSualebad. magaliTad, mosyidviT mkvlelobisas amsrulebli
TiTqos uerTebs sakuTar nebas momsyidvelis nebas. 327
aq dawvrilebiT warmoCinda b. volkovis Sexedulebani
TanamonawileTaTvis motivisa da miznis Seracxvis Sesaxeb,
sadac sakiTxis gadaWris araswori gzaa arCeuli. kerZod,
324
325
iqve, gv. 117.
326
ix. iqve, gv. 117.
327
ix. iqve, gv. 117.
127
motivisa da miznis TanamonawileTaTvis Seracxvisas
gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas aniWebs imas Tu vis mxarezea motivi
an mizani, _ amsruleblis Tu Tanamonawilis. magaliTad, Tu
amsrulebeli moqmedebs angarebiT, maSin amgvari motivi
bralad unda Seeracxos sxva Tanamonawileebsac, Tu maT es
motivi Secnobili hqondaT.
meore mxriv, b. volkovi miuTiTebs, rom
TanamonawileTa mxares arsebuli motivi an mizani mxolod
maSin Seeracxeba amsrulebels, Tuki igi TanamonawileTa nebis
realizaciis saSualebad gvevlineba.
sakiTxisadmi aseTi araTanmimdevruli da mcdari
midgoma Tanamonawileobis dasjadobis safuZvlis,
umarTlobisa da bralis niSnebis, motivisa da miznis
umarTlobasa da bralze gavlenis moxdenis araswori
gaazrebis Sedegi unda iyos. motivisa da miznis Seracxvis
sakiTxi srulebiT araa damokidebuli imaze, Tu vis mxaresaa
isini: _ amsruleblis Tu romelime Tanamonawilis mxares,
radgan amiT maTi buneba srulebiT ar icvleba.
sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSi gvxvdeba
mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmadac, amsruleblisa da
TanamonawileTaTvis ama Tu im garemoebis Seracxvis sakiTxis
gadawyvetisas umTavresia Semadgenlobis makvalificirebeli
niSnebis gaTvaliswinebis momenti. 328
mecnierTa nawili makvlificirebel niSnebs yofs
qmedebisa da pirovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel garemoebebad.
qmedebasTan dakavSirebuli garemoebebi, maTi azriT,
obieqturi bunebisaa da zegavlenas axdenen moqmedebis
sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis xarisxze, amitom yvela
Tanamonawiles Seeracxeba bralad Tu amsruleblis
moqmedebas axasiaTebs. piradi saxis garemoebebi, Tavis mxriv,
or jgufad iyofa. magaliTad, motivi da mizani gavlenas
axdenen rogorc pirovnebis, ise moqmedebis sazogadoebriv
saSiSroebaze. amitom damxmarem da wamqezebelma pasuxi unda
agon angarebiT mkvlelobaSi TanamonawileobisaTvis maSinac
ki, rodesac maT es motivi ar amoZravebdaT, magram icodnen,
rom amsrulebeli am motiviT moqmedebda. Tumca,
Tanamonawileebs ar SeeracxebaT iseTi saxis piradi garemoeba,
romelic mxolod amsruleblis pirovnebisTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli. aseTia, magaliTad, danaSaulis ganmeoreba,
sistematuroba, recidivi da a.S. 329
o. gamyreliZe iziarebs danaSaulis Semadgenlobis
niSnebis dayofas obieqtur da subieqtur niSnebad. igi am
328
ix: Трайнин А. Н. Общее учение о составе преступления, М., 1957, с. 286; Шнейдер
М.А. Соучастие в преступлении по советскому уголовному праву, М., 1958, с. 75-76;
Ковалев М.И. Соучастие в преступлении, ч. 2, с. 160; Советское уголовное право. Часть
общая. М., 1964, с. 216; Бурчак Ф. Г. Учение о соучастие в преступлении по советскому
уголовному праву, Киев, 1969, с.211-212.
329
cit. gamyreliZis mix: danaSaulis SualobiTi amsrulebloba da
Tanaamsrulebloba. gamom. `mecniereba,~ Tb. 1974, gv. 165-166.
128
niSnebs maTi warmoSobis xasiaTis mixedviT ajgufebs da
uwodebs personalur da arapersonalur (obieqtur) niSnebs.
personalur niSnebSi Sedis bralisa da subieqtisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi, xolo obieqturi xasiaTis aris
umarTlobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi. 330
TanamonawileTaTvis bralisa da umarTlobisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis Seracxvis zogadi debulebebi
mocemulia ssk-is 25-e muxlis me-4 da me-5 nawilebiT.
samarTalgamoyenebiTi saqmianobisaTvis sakmaod didi
mniSvneloba aqvs zustad ganisazRvros Tu rogori bunebisa
motivi da mizani anu unda gairkves Tu romeli maTgania
umarTlobis da romeli maTgani bralis niSani.
ssk-is 25-e muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad, `roca
amsruleblis an Tanamonawilis mxares aris iseTi niSani,
romelic axasiaTebs marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebas, maSin es
niSani Seeracxeba sxva amsrulebels an Tanamonawiles,
romlis mxaresac es arsebobda, Tu mas es niSani Secnobili
hqonda.~ aq igulisxmeba iseTi niSnebi, romlebic umarTlobis
simZimeze axdenen gavlenas. aseTia, magaliTad, orsuli qalis
an arasrulwlovnis winaswari Secnobadoba, sxva danaSaulis
dafarvis an misi Cadenis gaadvilebis mizani, msxverplis
sxeulis organos, organos nawilis an qsovilis gadanergvis
an sxvagvarad gamoyenebis mizani da a.S. vinaidan amgvari
niSnebi obieqturi xasiaTisaa, kanonmdebeli sakmarisad Tvlis
maT Secnobas.
cxovrebaSi SeiZleba isec moxdes, rom erTi
danaSaulis Cadenis mizani sxva danaSaulis ganxorcilebis
miznis saSualebad gadaiqces. es iseTi SemTxvevaa, rodesac
kauzalurad msgavsi tipis umarTlobebi, miznis zegavleniT
sul sxva tipis umarTlobebad mogvevlineba, radgan mizani
yovelTvis obieqturi bunebisaa miuxedavad imisa, amis Sesaxeb
kanonmdebeli pirdapir miuTiTebs Tu ara. amitom Secnobili
mizani aramxolod maSin Seeracxeba amsrulebels an
Tanamonawiles, rodesac mizani umarTlobas amZimebs (mag:
mkvlelobisas sxva danaSaulis dafarvis an misi Cadenis
gaadvilebis mizani), aramed maSinac, rodesac iuridiulad
mniSvnelovani saboloo mizani iseT umarTlobas afuZnebs,
romlis ganxorcielebac an amsruleblis an erT-erTi
Tanamonawilis miznisTvis sruliad araa savaldebulo.
magaliTad, Tu a-s surs adamianis mZevlad xelSi Cagdeba
teroristuli mizniT, xolo b. mas binas aZlevs ara
teroristuli mizniT, aramed imitom, rom Suri iZios mZevlad
ayvanilze, Tuki b-s gacnobierebuli hqonda es mizani igi ssk-
is 329-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis (mZevlad
xelSi Cagdeba teroristuli mizniT) damxmare iqneba.
330
ix. gamyreliZis mix: danaSaulis SualobiTi amsrulebloba da
Tanaamsrulebloba. gamom. `mecniereba,~ Tb. 1974, gv. 168.
129
mizans umarTlobis niSnad miiCnevs o. gamyreliZec: _
`SesaZlebelia iseTi SemTxveva, roca sxvisi mokvlis mizani
aqvs mxolod amsrulebels, damxmares es mizani ara aqvs,
magram angariSs uwevs amsrulebels da aZlevs iaraRs;
qurdobis dros sxvisi nivTis miTvisebis mizani aqvs
amsrulebels, magram es mizani ara aqvs Tanaamsrulebels an
Tanamonawiles (wamqezebeli, damxmare, organizatori). aseT
dros Tanaamsrulebeli da Tanamonawilec pasuxs ageben
ganzraxi mkvelobis an qurdobis umarTlobis CadenisaTvis, Tu
maT icodnen, rom amsrulebeli moqmedebs xsenebuli
umarTlobis Cadenis mizniT.” 331
Tu danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSnebi personaluri
xasiaTisaa, maSin amsruleblis an TanamonawileTa mier maTi
Secnoba kvalifikaciaze gavlenas ver moaxdens. swored ase
unda gavigoT ssk-is 25-e muxlis me-5 nawili, sadac
vkiTxulobT: `personaluri niSani, romelic bralisTvis anda
erT-erTi amsruleblis an Tanamonawilis pirovnebisaTvis
aris damaxasiaTebeli, Seeracxeba im amsrulebels an
Tanamonawiles, romelsac igi axasiaTebs.~ bralisTvis
damaxasiaTebel niSnad unda miviCnioT motivi, emocia (mag:
afeqti). pirovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSani SeiZleba
iyos, magaliTad, araerTgzisoba, recidivi. dauSvaT a-m icis,
rom g-s exmareba angarebiT mkvlelobaSi da a-s ar amoZravebs
angareba, mas mainc ar Seeracxeba angareba.
analogiuri mosazreba gamoTqmuli aqvs o. gamyreliZes:
_ `vinaidan angareba ar aris ganzraxi mkvlelobis
umarTlobis damafuZnebeli niSani, is amsruleblidan
Tanamonawileze ver gadava da ver daamZimebs mis
pasuxismgeblobas. angareba personalurad amsrulebels
axasiaTebs da mxolod misi bralis xarisxze imoqmedebs,
amsruleblis bralis xarisxs daamZimebs.~ 332
Tu motivi umarTlobis damafuZnebel niSnad ar
gvevlineba, maSin igi personaluri xasiaTis anu bralis
xarisxis ganmsazRvreli niSania da rodesac igi
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis Semamsubuqebel an
damamZimebel garemoebadaa gaTvaliswinebuli, maSin misi
Seracxva im amsruleblis an TanamonawilisaTvis, visTvisac
aRniSnuli motivi araa mamoZravebeli Zala, yovlad
gaumarTlebelia.
arsebiTad icvleba situacia Tu motivi kanonmdeblis
mier gaTvaliswinebulia rogorc umarTlobis damafuZnebeli
aucilebeli elementi. magaliTad, ssk-is 174-e muxli
iTvaliswinebs pasuxismgeblobas bavSvis SecvlisaTvis,
romelic Cadenilia angarebiT an sxva qvena grZnobiT. am
331
gamyreliZe o. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis ganmarteba.
gv. 202.
332
iqve, gv. 202.
130
danaSaulSi TanamonawileobisaTvis savaldebulo araa
amsrulebelsac da Tanamonawileebsac amoZravebdeT angareba
an sxva qvena grZnoba, radgan aRniSnuli motivebi aq
obieqturi bunebisaa. gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aq amgvar
motivTa Secnobadobas eniWeba. Tuki am dros Tanaamsrulebeli
an Tanamonawile, magaliTad, altruistuli an sxva
socialurad saqebari motiviT moqmedebs (vTqvaT, am
danaSaulis monawilem icis, rom bavSvis mSoblebi
alkoholikebi arian, parazitul cxovrebas ewevian da bavSvis
momavlisTvis ukeTesi iqneba Tu igi Secvlis Sedegad
saxelovan da Zlier ojaxSi gaizrdeba), kvalifikacia mainc
ucvleli darCeba da es momenti bralze imoqmedebs
xarisxobrivad.
$ 6. sasjelis individualizacia motivisa da miznis

mixedviT
rogorc davinaxeT motivi da mizani udides rols

asrulebs qmedebis danaSaulad kvalifikaciisas. magram
motivisa da miznis sisxlissamarTlebrivi roli marto amiT
rodi amoiwureba. motivsa da mizans SeuZlia ukve danaSaulad
dakvalificirebuli qmedebis gasakicxaobaze imoqmedos
xarisxobrivad. aq igulisxmeba iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac
kanonmdeblis mier motivi an mizani danaSaulis damamZimebeli
an Semamsubuqebeli garemoebis saxiT specialurad araa
gaTvaliswinebuli sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawilis
Sesabamis muxlSi. es bunebrivicaa, radgan Tu motivi an mizani
aRniSnuli funqciiTaa datvirTuli, maSin isini ganmeorebiT
igive Ffunqcias ver Seasruleben, rameTu es kanonmdeblis
nebis ignorireba iqneba. magaliTad, ssk-is 109-e muxlis me-3
naw. `g~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebulia angarebiTi motivi
mkvlelobis damamZimebel garemoebad, xolo ssk-is 110-e muxli
msxverplis TxovniT mkvlelobis erT-erT aucilebel pirobad
asaxelebs damnaSavis mizans, romelic gulisxmobs momakvdavis
Zlieri fizikuri tkivilisagan gaTavisuflebas. ra Tqma unda,
danaSaulis aRniSnuli motivi da mizani aRar miiReba
131
mxedvelobaSi xelmeored sasjelis daniSvnisas. am
debulebaze pirdapir miuTiTebs moqmedi ssk-is 53-e muxlis me-
4 nawili: `Tu am kodeqsis kerZo nawilis muxli an muxlis
nawili danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSnad iTvaliswinebs
Semamsubuqebel an damamZimebel garemoebas, igive garemoeba
sasjelis daniSvnis dros mxedvelobaSi ar miiReba.~
analogiur miTiTebas vxvdebiT germaniis ssk-is $ 46-e me-3
nawilSi, romlis Tanaxmadac, sasjelis daniSvnisas
mxedvelobaSi ar miiReba garemoebani, romlebic kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis Semadgenlobis niSnebia. 333
dasmuli sakiTxisadmi amgvari midgoma germanul
sisxlis samarTalSi èrTi da igive garemoebis ormagi
gamoyenebis akrZlavis~ (Das Verbot der Doppelverwertung) principiT
aris cnobili. h. ieSeki da T. vaigendi erTgvar alogikurobad
miiCneven sasjelis damZimebas im safuZvliT, romelic
danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSans warmoadgens. 334
motivsa da mizans yovelTvis didi yuradReba unda
mieqces nebismieri danaSaulisaTvis sasjelis daniSvnis dros.
moqmed sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi sasjelis daniSvnis
zogadi sawyisebi germaniis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
mixedviTaa Sedgenili. kerZod, germaniis sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis $ 46-e, romelic sasjelis daniSvnis zogad sawyisebs
exeba, mosamarTles avaldebulebs sasjelis daniSvnisas erT-
erT garemoebad gaiTvaliswinos samarTaldamrRvevis motivi
da mizani. 335
SemTxveviTi araa, rom Cveni kanonmdebeli sasjelis
daniSvnis zogad sawyisebze saubrisas ssk-is 53-e muxlis me-3
nawilSi sasamarTlos avaldebulebs sasjelis daniSvnis
dros sxva garemoebebTan erTad gaiTvaliswinos danaSaulis
motivi da mizani. es imiTaa ganpirobebuli, rom samarTliani
sasjelis daniSvna, bralze agebuli sisxlis samarTlis
farglebSi, aucilebel winapirobad gulisxmobs danaSaulis
fsiqologiuri mxaris detalur analizs, romelic iZleva
pirovnebis Sinagani samyaros Sesaxeb saerTo suraTs anu mis
RirebulebiT orientaciebs, midrekilebebs, temperaments,
interesebs da motivaciis sxva subieqtur faqtorebs naTeli
efineba.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
496-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad: `sasamarTlos ganaCeni
unda iyos kanonieri, dasabuTebuli da samarTliani.~ amave
muxlis me-4 nawili ganmartavs Tu rodis iTvleba
sasamarTlos ganaCeni samarTlianad: _ `ganaCeni samarTliania
Tu daniSnuli sasjeli Seesabameba damnaSavis pirovnebas da
mis mier Cadenili danaSaulis simZimes.~ maSasadame,
333
ix. Жалинский А. Э. Современное немецкое уголовное право. Изд. «Проспект», М.,
2004, с. 325.
334
ix. Jescheck H-H, Weigend T.. Lehrbuch des Strafrechts. Allgemeiner Teil. Berlin. 1996, S.
901.
335
ix. Жалинский А. Э. dasax. naSr., gv. 325.
132
samarTliani sasjelis dadgenisas didi yuradReba unda
mieqces damnaSavis pirovnebasac anu am etapze unda moxdes
damnaSavis pirovnebis kriminologiuri daxasiaTeba.
`danaSauloba, misi warmomSobi mizezebi, xelSemwyobi
pirobebi da gansakuTrobiT individualuri danaSaulebrivi
qcevis meqanizmi, SeuZlebelia gamokvleul iqnes damnaSavis
pirovnebis Seswavlis gareSe.~ 336 damnaSavis pirovnebis
Seswavla ki SeuZlebelia srulyofilad ganxorcieldes
damnaSavis qcevis motivisa da miznis gamokvlevis gareSe.
marTebulad miuTiTebs b. volkovi, rom `sakmaod didia
motivis roli sasjelis daniSvnisas. piris midrekilebebis,
Sesisxlxorcebuli Cvevebis dasaxasiaTeblad motivis roli
gacilebiT didia sxva garemoebebTan SedarebiT. igi didad
gansazRvravs piris pasuxismgeblobis farglebs, sasjelis
saxisa da sxva iZulebiTi RonisZiebebis amosavali wertilia.
SeiZleba kanoni ar miuTiTebdes motivze, magram motivis
ganxilvis gareSe SeuZlebelia sasjeli samarTlianad
CaiTvalos.~ 337
samarTliani sasjelis daniSvnisaTvis motivisa da
miznis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb jer kidev vaxtang VI miuTiTebda
samarTlis wignSi. mas SeuZleblad miaCnia amomwuravad
CamoTvalos yvela is mizezebi da motivebi, romlebic
adamianis moqmedebas gansazRvraven. aseT CamoTvlas bolo ar
eqneboda _ `Tu sul dagvewera veRaras Tavs gauvidodiT da
arc iqnebodao,~ ambobs igi. 338
moqmedi ssk-is 53-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT sasjelis
daniSvnis dros motivisa da miznis garda moiTxovs sxva
garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebasac. aq yuradReba unda
gavamaxviloT iseT garemoebebze, rogoricaa: 1)
marTlsawinaaRmdego neba, 2) qmedebis ganxorcielebis xerxi, 3)
damnaSavis warsuli, 4) piradi da ekonomiuri pirobebi. yvela
aRniSnuli garemoebis Seswavla SeuZlebelia motivisa da
miznis Seswavlis gareSe, radgan motivaciis procesSi
aRniSnuli garemoebebi, garkveulwilad, yovelTvis
monawileoben motivis formirebaSi.
iuridiul literaturaSi saTanado doneze araa
Seswavlili Tu ra igulisxmeba marTlsawinaaRmdego nebaSi.
marTlwinaaRmdegoba iuridiuli kategoriaa, xolo neba _
wminda fsiqologiuri. maSasadame, marTlsawinaaRmdego neba
ukve samarTlis RirebulebaTa sistemidan Sefasebuli nebaa.
neba pirovnebis aucilebeli komponentia, misi
struqturis mniSvnelovani elementia, adamianis qcevis
aucilebeli niSania. v. vasilevis azriT, neba aris
336
wulaia z. kriminologia (zogadi nawili), gamomcemloba ìnteleqti,~
Tb., 2003, gv. 73.
337
1965, с. 55.
338
ix. vaCeiSvili al. narkvevebi qarTul isamarTlis istoriidan. tomi I,
Tb., 1946, gv. 202.
133
gacnobierebuli, mizanmimarTuli fsiqologiuri aqtioba,
romelic dakavSirebulia dabrkolebis gadalaxvasTan. 339
damnaSavis marTlsawinaaRmdego nebaze saubrisas or
mxares unda mieqces yuradReba:
1) rogoria pirovnebis interesebi, midrekilebebi,
RirebulebiTi orientaciebi, radgan isini gamoaaSkaravebs
damnaSavis samarTlis normebTan, sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebul
zneobriv qcevis wesebTan damokidebulebas.
maSasadame, unda moxdes damnaSavis kriminologiuri
daxasiaTeba, romelic damnaSavis socialur-demografiuli da
sisxlissamarTlebrivi niSnebis Seswavlis garda, gulisxmobs
dadgindes damnaSavis socialuri roli da damokidebuleba
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferosadmi da
zneobriv-fsiqologiuri Tviseba da RirebulebiTi
orientaciebi. 340 magaliTad, arasrulwlovnis mier Cadenili
danaSaulis gamoZiebis da sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros sxva
garemoebebs Soris saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kodeqsis 641-e muxlis è~ qvepunqti imperatiulad
moiTxovs dadgindes: àrasrulwlovnis pirovnebis xasiaTis
Taviseburebani, moTxovnilebebi da interesebi.~
„Rirebulebis kriteriums warmoadgens norma, normis
Sinaarsi ganisazRvreba umaRlesi miznis _ idealis SinaarsiT.
ideali aris produqti konkretul-istoriuli sazogadoebrivi
cxovrebisa, misi asaxvaa, Rirebulebis obieqturoba idealis
obieqturobis bunebisaa.“ 341 maSasadame, adamianis
RirebulebiTi sistema saSualebas iZleva davadginoT
damnaSavis SefasebiTi azrovneba da misi damokidebuleba
marTlwesrigisadmi.
yovelive es ki saSualebas mogvcems garkveulwilad
vimsjeloT damnaSavis warsulze, iseve rogorc, Tavis mxriv,
damnaSavis warsulis Seswavla, gansazRvrul farglebSi,
gvixsnis adamianis Sinagan bunebas. am mxriv, sayuradReboa b.
volkovis mosazreba: _ `pirovneba iqmneba ara mxolod
warsulis pirobebiTa da gamocdilebiT, aramed momavliTac.
qceva gamoxatavs rogorc warsuls, ise momavlis
gacnobierebas... nebismieri pirovnebis struqtura Sedgeba sami
elementisagan: 1) pirovnuli ganwyoba (qcevis cxovrebiseuli
programa); 2) miswrafebebis, moTxovnilebebisa da interesebis
sistema; 3) nebis xasiaTi da Tavisebureba.~ 342 es ukanaskneli,
mesame elementi qveviT iqneba ganxiluli.
339
ix. Васильев В.Л. Юридическая психология. 3-е издание дополнное, изд. «Питер»,
Санкт-Петербург, 2000, с. 67.
340
ix. wulaia z. dasax. naSr., gv. 80.
341
sociologiuri narkvevebi. v. qvaCaxia, S. nadiraSvili, d. beWvaia, v.
WeliZe, Rirebuleba da ganwyoba. gamomcemloba „sabWoTa saqarTvelo,“ Tb.,
1969, gv. 49.
342
134
marTlsawinaaRmdego nebis swori gaazrebisaTvis,
ramdenadac igi ukve Sefasebas gulisxmobs, gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba pirovnebis RirebulebaTa sistemas eniWeba, radgan
`Rirebulebis cnebaSi srulad vlindeba subieqtis, individis
interesebi, survilebi da nebeloba.“ 343
adamiani rogorc sazogadoebis wevri
gansaxorcilebel qcevasTan erTad acnobierebs socialur
sferoSi moqmed normebs, afasebs im Sedegebs, romelic
SeiZleba mohyves mis qcevas. `cnobiereba rogorc nebelobiTi
aqtis niSani, upirveles yovlisa, ganxorcielebuli qmedebis
socialuri sazrisis gacnobierebaa.~ 344 sisxlissamarTlebrivi
gagebiT, adamians danaSaulis Cadenisas gacnobierebuli unda
hqondes aramarto misi faqtobrivi xasiaTi, aramed qmedebis
marTlwinaaRmdegoba, ra Tqma unda, Tu igi moqmedebs ganzrax.
marTlwinaaRmdegobis SegnebasTan dakavSirebiT
mcireoden Sesworebas saWiroebs b. volkovis mosazreba,
romlis Tanaxmadac marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebis ararseboba
gamoricxavs saerTod qmedebis danaSaulebriobas.
`ganxorcielebuli qmedebis, _ wers igi, _ sazogadoebrivi
saSiSroeba da marTlwinaaRmdegoba aris swored is niSani,
romelic gamoxatavs danaSaulebrivi qmedebis arss da
ganasxvavebs mas sxva nebelobiTi moqmedebebisagan. igi
gamoxatavs qmedebis obieqturi da subieqturi Tvisebebis arss.
misi Segnebis ararseboba gamoricxavs ara mxolod ganzrax
brals, aramed qmedebis danaSaulebriobas.~ 345
amgvari pozicia ar Seesabameba arc maSindeli da arc
moqmedi rusuli Tu qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsebSi
mocemul TviTimedovnebisa da daudevrobis sakanonmdeblo
definiciebs. cnobilia, rom marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba
ganzraxvis komponentia da igi bralis etapze dgindeba. Tu
pirs qmedebis ganxorcielebisas ar hqonda
marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba, igi gaufrTxileblobisTvis
SeiZleba daisajos, Tu mis mier ganxorcielebuli qmedeba
gaufrTxileblobiT isjeba.
2) marto RirebulebiTi orientacia ar kmara imisaTvis,
rom damnaSavis marTlsawinaaRmdego neba SevafasoT da
samarTliani sasjeli davadginoT. amisaTvis saWiroa
damnaSavis iseT pirovnul Tvisebazec vimsjeloT rogoricaa
nebis simtkice, romelic warmodgenas iZleva Tu ramdenad
maRalia masSi damaxinjebuli egoisturi sawyisebi. „adamianis
neba, _ wers v. vasilevi, _ mJRavndeba sxvadasxvagvarad, rac
damokidebulia mis siZliereze, moralur aRzrdilobasa da
damoukideblobaze... nebelobiTi gamovlinebani Zalis mixedviT
SeiZleba iyos Zlieri, saSualo da susti... nebis siZliereze
343
beWvaia d. sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis aqtualuri sakiTxebi.Tsu
344
1965, с. 25.
345
iqve, gv. 27.
135
metyvelebs ara yoveli gadawyvetilebis Sesruleba, aramed Tu
rogori dabrkolebebi gadalaxa adamianma nebelobiTi
moqmedebis Sesrulebisas da ra Sedegebi miiRo.~ 346
sasjelis daniSvnisas yuradReba unda mieqces
damnaSavis nebis simtkicesa da mis damokidebulebas
danaSaulebrivi qmedebisadmi rogorc mis Cadenamde, ise
danaSaulis ganxorcielebis Semdeg. `gadawyvetis aqti
TavisTavad momenturia. magram imisaTvis, rom is, rac
gadawyvetilia Sesruldes, aucilebelia gadawyvetileba
Seuryeveli darCes, raTa qceva bolomde Tavisda Sesaferisad
warimarTos. aseT stabilizebul gadawyvetilebas ganzraxva
ewodeba. ganzraxvas nebelobis aqtSi Seqmnili ganwyoba udevs
safuZvlad da rac ufro gamZlea drois mimdinareobaSi es
safuZveli, rac ufro Seuryevelia igi, miT ufro mtkiced
ganicdeba ganzraxva da miT ufro mtkicea nebisyofa.~ 347
Tuki danaSaulis Cadenamde adamiani yoymanobda es
SeiZleba miuTebdes aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi mis sust
nebisyofaze, rac, Tavis mxriv, imaze metyvelebs, rom misTvis
arc ise umniSvneloa sazogadoebis zneobrivi da
samarTlebrivi Rirebulebani. amitom sasjelic SedarebiT
lmobieri unda dainiSnos.
danaSaulebriv qmedebaSi gamovlenili
marTlsawinaaRmdego nebis siZliereze SeiZleba metyvelebdes
gansakuTrebuli sisastike. sawinaaRmdego viTarebas aqvs
adgili afeqtur mdgomareobaSi Cadenili mkvlelobisas (ssk-
is 111-e muxli) anda msxvervlis TxovniT mkvlelobisas (ssk-is
112-e muxli). Tumca SesaZlebelia gasakicxaobis TvalsazrisiT
erTdroulad mocemuli iyos, erTi mxriv, Zlieri da, meore
mxriv, susti marTlsawinaaRmdego neba. magaliTad, sruliad
SesaZlebelia adamianma afeqtur mdgomareobaSi mkvleloba
Caidinos gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT. aseT viTarebaSi
Semamsubuqebel da damamZimebel garemobaTa konkurenciidan
gamomdinare danaSaulis kvalifikacia mkvlelobis
privilegirebuli SemadgenlobiT (ssk-is 111-e muxli) moxdeba,
Tumca sasjelis daniSvnisas gansakuTrebuli sisastikec
imoqmedebs sasjelis zomaze.
nebelobis formireba bavSvobis periodidan iwyeba.
iseve rogorc marTlSegneba, nebelobac adamianis
Tandayolili Tviseba ki araa, aramed adamians orive maTgani
TandaTan uyalibdeba, amitom marTlSegnebis maRali done da
nebis siZliere orive swori aRzrdisa da pirovnuli
ganviTarebis Sedegia. `nebeloba, _ wers d. uznaZe, _ Cveni
Tandayolili biologiuri Tavisebureba ki ar aris, aramed
ufro maRali kategoriis movlenaa, romelsac TviTon
biologiuris, sakuTari nervuli sistemisa da misi
Tandayolili tendenciebis Secvlisa da warmarTvis Zala
346
Васильев В.Л. dasax. naSr. gv. 68-69.
347
136
Seswevs. nebisyofis simtkice, amisda mixedviT, rasakvirvelia,
veraviTar SemTxvevaSi Tandayolil Tvisebad ver CaiTvleba:
igi piradi cxovrebis mimdinareobaSi aqvs adamians SeZenili
da amitom mtkice nebisyobis aRzrda pedagogikis erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani amocanaa.~ 348
yuradReba unda mieqces imasac, rom xasiaTis
nebelobiTi Tvisebebi mJRavndeba adamianis emociur
TaviseburebebTan garkveul damokidebulebaSi: `nebelobiTi~
adamianisaTvis neba dominirebs grZnobebze, xolo emociuri
xasiaTis adamianisaTvis gadaWarbebuli mniSvneloba aqvs
emociur mdgomareobebs da qcevebi xSirad xorcieldeba
SemTxveviT aRmocenebuli grZnobebisa da gunebis gavleniT. 349
iuridiul literaturaSi sworadaa miTiTebuli, rom
`pirovnebis fsiqika garkveulwilad ganpirobebulia
biologiuri faqtorebiT. nervuli sistemis tipi, misi
temperamenti mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens pirovnebis qcevaze,
mis reaqciaze, romelsac pirovneba amJRavnebs gare samyaros
faqtorebis mimarT. i. pavlovi Tvlida, rom nervuli sistemis
Tandayolili Tvisebebi aRzrdasa da swavlasTan erTad
ayalibebs adamianis qcevas.~ 350
praqtikaSi xdeba SemTxvevebi, rodesac fsiqologiuri
TvalsazrisiT adamiani SezRuduli Seracxaobis
mdgomareobaSia da misi moqmedeba dabal marTlsawinaaRmdego
nebaze miuTiTebs, magram konkretuli danaSaulis
Semadgenloba isea konstruirebuli, rom damnaSavis mier
ganxorcielebuli qmedebis mimarT SeuZlebelia
privilegirebuli Semadgenlobis gamoyeneba. kerZod, ssk-is 111-
e muxliT gamoricxulia pasuxismgebloba, Tu mkvlelobis
Camdenis afeqturi mdgomareoba gamoiwvia kanoniT axlo
naTesavad miuCneveli piris mimarT msxverplis
marTlsawinaaRmdego Zaladobam an sxva amoralurma qmedebam
da a.S. magaliTad, aseTi pirebi SeiZleba iyvnen: sacole,
megobari, biZaSvili da sxv. bunebrivia, rom amgvar
urTierTobaSi myofi pirebis mimarT adamiani gulgrili ver
iqneba. ufro metic, SesaZlebelia sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT
axlo naTesavad miCneul pirebze ufro metad Sestkiodes
adamians guli sxva, kanoniT axlo naTesavad miuCnevel
pirebze. ra Tqma unda, arc is unda dagvaviwydes, rom
qarTuli tradiciebisa da urTierTobebis kvalobaze araa
gamarTlebuli àxlo naTesavis~ nacvlad kanonSi CavweroT
àxlobeli~ da Tu vin miiCneva aseT pirad es mosamarTlis
Sexedulebaze iyos damokidebuli. sakiTxisadmi aseTi
midgomiT, xSir SemTxvevaSi, damnaSaves usamarTlod
Seumsubuqdeboda sasjeli. Tumca, rogorc davinaxeT,
348
349
ix. Васильев В.Л. dasax. naSr. gv. 69-70.
350
Мельникова Ю.Б. Личность преступника и индивидуализация уголовного наказания.
Журнал «Советское государство и право», 1979, №8, с.22.
137
dasaSvebia SemTxvevebi, rodesac kanonis formaluri
moTxovnis gamo afeqtSi Cadenilma mkvlelobam ver daafuZnos
mkvlelobis privilegirebuli Semadgenloba imis gamo, rom
marTlsawinaaRmdego Zaladoba da ssk-is 111-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli msxverplis sxva qmedebebi ganxorcielda
kanoniT axlo naTesavad miuCneveli piris mimarT. amasTan,
marTlsawinaaRmdego neba msgavs SemTxvevebSi, zogjer,
sakmaod mcirea. samarTliani sasjelis daniSvnisaTvis, aseT
sagamonakliso SemTxvevebSi, mosamarTles SeeZlo
gamoeyenebina ssk-is 55-e muxlis pirveli nawili, romlis
Tanaxmadac: `Tu arsebobs gansakuTrebuli Semamsubuqebeli
garemoeba, sasamarTlos damnaSavis pirovnebis
gaTvaliswinebiT SeuZlia daniSnos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxliT dawesebuli sasjelis zomis
umdables zRvarze naklebi sasjeli an sxva, ufro msubuqi
saxis sasjeli.~ aseTi gansakuTrebuli Semamsubuqebeli
garemoebis erT-erT nimuSad swored aseTi SemTxveva unda
miviCnioT. sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSi aseT
miTiTebas versad ver vxvdebiT. samwuxaroa, rom moqmed
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi Sesuli cvlilebebis gamo 55-e
muxlis Sinaarsi radikalurad Seicvala da amis
SesaZlebloba aRar arsebobs.
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, motivsa da mizanTan kavSirSi
ganxilvas moiTxovs qmedebis ganxorcielebis xerxi imdenad,
ramdenadac motivaciis procesi miznis miRwevis xerxisa da
saSualebis gacnobierebis gareSe ar arsebobs. SemTxveviTi ar
unda iyos, rom sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 409-e
muxlis me-2 nawilis `g~ qvepunqtis mixedviT sabraldebo
daskvnaSi sxva garemoebebs Soris kanonmdeblis moTxovnaa
aucileblad miTiTebuli iyos danaSaulis Cadenis motivsa da
xerxze.
marTebulia b. volkovis mosazreba, rodesac miuTiTebs
motivisa da miznis da xerxis urTierTdamokidebulebaze:
`gansakuTebiT mWidro kavSiri arsebobs danaSaulis Cadenis
xerxsa da mizans Soris, xolo misi meSveobiT, agreTve motivs
Soris... miznisagan gansxvavebiT danaSaulis Cadenis motivsa
da xerxs Soris ar aris uSualo damokidebuleba, magram am
SemTxvevaSic danaSaulis Cadenis xerxi da sxva garemoeba
SeiZleba dagvexmaros namdvili ganzraxvis dadgenaSi, riTac
xelmZRvanelobda piri qcevis ganxorcielebisas... motivi da
mizani aramarto ganisazRvreba obieqturi garemoebebiT,
aramed TviTonac mniSvnelovan rols asruleben am niSnebis
daxasiaTebisas. magaliTad, gansakuTrebuli sisastikisas.~ 351
germanul sisxlisamarTlebriv doqtrinaSi qmedebis
ganxorcielebis xerxi (Art der Ausführung) sasjelis daniSvnis
erT-erT safuZvels warmoadgens. u. veberisa da i. baumanis
351
138
azriT, sasjelis daniSvnisas mniSvneloba aqvs im garemeobas,
Tu ra xerxiT axorcielebs samarTlebrivi sikeTis dazianebas
(Rechtsgutverletzung). avtorebi Cveulebriv mkvlelobas (Totschlag)
da mkvlelobas damamZimebel garemoebebSi (Mord)
erTmaneTisagan ganasxvaveben qmedebis ganxorcielebis xerxiT.
magaliTad, sisastike (grausam), iseTi saSualebiT, romelic
safrTxes uqmnis mravali adamianis (sazogadoebis) sicocxles
(mit gemeingefahrlichen Mitteln). 352
danaSaulis motivisa da miznis dadgena danaSaulis
xerxis gamovlenis saSualebas iZleva, rac, xSirad, swori
kvalifikaciis aucilebeli wanamZRvaria. „mkvlelobis motivTa
swori dadgena, _ wers b. volkovi, _ SesaZleblobas iZleva
ganvsazRvroT yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi motivi
gvevlineba danaSauli Cadenis xerxad Tu misi dafarvis
saSualebad.“ 353 magaliTad, mkvleloba gansakuTrebuli
sisastikiTaa Cadenili Tu ara, mxolod gvamis
dasaxiCrebuloba an danawevrebuloba amis saSualebas ar
iZleva. amisaTvis saWiroa gavarkvioT mkvlelobis
ganxorcielebis motivi.
rac Seexeba damnaSavis warsuls da pirad da
ekonomikur pirobebs, zemoT aRiniSna, rom motivi da mizani
gvexmareba garkveulwilad gamovavlinoT damnaSavis warsuli
da piradi da ekonomikuri pirobebi, iseve rogorc, Tavis
mxriv, es ukanasknelnic saSualebas iZleva, garkveulwilad,
vimsjeloT, Tu ratom warmoiSva iseTi motivi da mizani,
ramac danaSaulebrivi qmedeba gamoiwvia. magaliTad, arc ise
Tu iSviaTad, damnaSavis warsuli, misi araswori aRzrda,
dabali zneobrivi Rirebulebebis matarebel sazogadoebaSi
pirovnebis ganviTareba adamianis damaxinjebuli subkulturis
Camoyalibebis safuZvelia, romelic, Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs
qvena motivebiT danaSaulTa Cadenas; anda mZime ekonomikuri
pirobebi, zogjer, pirovnebas ubiZgebs materialuri
daintereseba danaSaulebrivi gziT daikmayofilos. Tuki
mSobeli mSieri bavSvebis gamo an qurdobas Caidens an
akrZalul adgilze inadirebs an iTevzavebs, misi moqmedebis
motivi, ra Tqma unda, metyvelebs rogorc mis mZime pirad
sulier mdgomareobasa da ekonomikur pirobebze, ise mis
nakleb marTlsawinaaRmdego nebaze.
adamianis qcevaTa motivebis analizi gvexmareba
vimsjeloT pirovnebis pasuxismgeblobis grZnobaze, romelic
sasjelis miznebidan gamomdinare uaRresad did dakvirvebas
moiTxovs.
pasuxismgebloba obieqturi, xolo pasuxismgeblobis
grZnoba subieqturi movlenaa. pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba aris
gancda, romelic yvelas gansxvavebuli xarisxiT gaaCnia
352
ix. Baumann J. Weber U. Strafrecht. Allgemeiner Teil. Bielefeld. 1985. S. 633
353
Волков Б.С. Мотив и квалификация преступления. Изд. Казанского университета, 1968,
с. 105.
139
pasuxismgeblobisagan gansxvavebiT. `pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba,
romelic gancdaa, SeiZleba adamianSi Camoyalibdes an ar
Camoyalibdes. es damokidebulia adamianis xasiaTze, mis
aRzrdaze, garemo pirobebze, tradiciebze da sxva.~ 354 Tumca,
ufro marTebuli iqneba Tu vityviT, rom sazogadod SeiZleba
visaubroT adamianisaTvis ara pasuxismgeblobis saerTod ar
qonaze, aramed pasuxismgeblobis sxvadasxva xarisxze.
unda aRiniSnos, rom adamianisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis
grZnobis qona, jer kidev ar niSnavs imas, rom igi ar Caidens
danaSauls, radgan pasuxismgeblobas SeiZleba grZnobde iseTi
movaleobebis Sesrulebis gamo, romelic samarTlisaTvis
miuRebelia. magaliTad, mkvleloba `sisxlis aRebis~ gamo
aris pasuxismgebluri damokidebuleba damkvidrebuli
saxalxo Cveulebis gamo, magram pozitiuri samarTlis fonze
mkvleli upasuxismgeblobas iCens. amis gamo, aucilebelia
pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba ganvixiloT pirovnebis
RirebulebebTan mimarTebiT. swored aseTi midgomiT unda
Sefasdes adamianis Sinagani samyaro samarTlebrivi
TvalsazrisiT, radgan „sindisi rogorc Tavisi Tavis gansja,
yovelTvis mimarTavs iseT instancias, romelic Cveni
vitalobis miRmaa _ is mimarTavs Rirebulebebis samyaros:
RirebulebaTa gacnobierebis gareSe sakuTari Tavis gansja,
Sefaseba SeuZlebelia. swored Rirebulebebis Suqze vsjiT
Cven Cven Tavs, roca eTikuri pozicia gvikavia.“ 355
motivisa da miznis Seswavlas aramarto sasjelis
simZimisaTvis, aramed sasjelis miznebisTvisac aqvs
mniSvneloba, radgan individualur doneze danaSaulis
Tavidan acilebaze saubrisas yuradReba unda mieqces
danaSaulis motivs, individualur fsiqologiur
Taviseburebebs (inteleqtis done, nebelobiTi Tviseba,
interesebi), danaSaulebrivi gamocdilebis niSnebs,
fiziologiur Tvisebebsa da daavadebebs da sxv. 356
da bolos, unda aRiniSnos, rom motivisa da miznis
gaTvaliswineba ara marto ganzrax, aramed
gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenili danaSaulebisTvis sasjelis
daniSvnisas unda iqnes yuradRebiT Seswavlili, rameTu
motivma da mizanma brali SeiZleba daamZimos an Seamsubuqos.
magaliTad, Tu piri ukanonod nadirobisas kacs
gaufrTxileblobiT sicocxles mouspobs, maSin angarebiTi
motivis gamo mas brali unda daumZimdes, xolo Tu daWrili
megobris gadasarCenad mZRoli siswrafes gadaarWabebs da
gaufrTxileblobiT fexiT mosiarules daazianebs, ra Tqma
unda, misi mizani kacis sicocxlis gadarCenaa, amitom pirveli
magaliTisagan gansxvavebiT damnaSave nakleb gakicxvas
354
erqomaiSvili v. adamiani, Tavisufleba, ideologia. Tb., 2002, gv. 171.
355
adamiani, individi, pirovneba (filosofiuri anTropologiis sakiTxebi,
naw. VIII) buaCiZe T. Rirebuleba da adamianis daniSnuleba. gamomcemloba
„mecniereba,“ Tb., 1987, gv. 36.
356
ix. Криминалогия. Под общ. ред. А.И. Долговой, изд. «Норма», М., 2001, с. 455-456.
140
imsaxurebs. msgavs mosazrebas iuridiul literaturaSic
vxvdebiT. 357
daskvna
adamianis nebelobiTi qcevis fsiqologiuri mxaris

Seswavla, rogorc davinaxeT, motivisa da miznisagan
mowyvetiT sruliad SeuZlebelia imdenad, ramdenadac
motivacia, motivi da mizani is arsebiTi niSnebia, romlebic
nebelobiT qcevas ganasxvavebs adamianis moqmedebis sxva
saxeebisagan. aRniSnuli sakiTxebis irgvliv, miuxedavad
naSromTa simravlisa mainc SeiniSneba azrTa sxvadasxvaoba da
mcdari mosazrebebi aramarto fsiqologiur, aramed iuridiul
literaturaSic.
Zveli qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebis (magaliTad, `mcire
sjulis kanoni,~ vaxtang VI samarTlis wigni da a.S.) mixedviT
motivisa da miznis Sesaxeb mcire istoriulma eqskursma
dagvanaxa Tu ra didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda braleuli
pasuxismgeblobis princips, rac kidev erTxel xazi usvams
maRalganviTarebul qarTul samarTlebriv azrovnebas.
disertaciaSi warmodgenili motivis Camoyalibebis anu
motivaciis procesi zogadi sqemis TvalsazrisiT ase SeiZleba
warmovidginoT: nebelobiTi qcevis sawyisi wyaro yovelTvis
moTxovnilebaa, romelic mxolod maSin iqceva azris mqoned
Tu pirs mis mimarT interesi uCndeba. amis Semdgom pirovneba
iwyebs miznis dasaxvasa da misi miRwevis saSualebebisa da
xerxebis SeCevas. aq iwyeba adamianis RirebulebiTi azrovneba,
ris gamoc mizani wminda fsiqologiuri kategoria ver iqneba.
praqtikuli moqmedebis ganxorcielebas aucileblad win
uZRvis am moqmedebis gamarTlebulobis, WeSmaritebis Sesaxeb
gamowveuli rwmena, romelic, Tavis mxriv, iwvevs moqmedebis
ganxorcielebis mzaobas, ganwyobas. motivaciis es etapebi
iwvevs moqmedebis ganxorcielebis saboloo gadawyvetilebas,
romelic motivis saxiT formdeba.
357
ix. Саркисов Г.С. Мотив и цель преступления. Журнал «Советское государство и
право», 1979, №3, с. 82.
141
motivaciis procesis arasworma gagebam bevr mecniers
afiqrebina, rom praqtikuli moqmedebis ganxorcielebamde,
rodesac piri ramodenime moqmedebis arCevanis winaSe dgas,
TiTqos adgili aqvs e.w `motivTa konkurencias~ anu `motivTa
brZolas.~ sinamdvileSi Cven unda visaubroT motivaciis
faqtorTa brZolaze da ara motivTa brZolaze, radgan qcevas
mxolod erTi motivi edeba safuZvlad da motivis
Camoyalibebamde mxolod motivaciis subieqtur da obieqtur
faqtorebze SeiZleba visaubroT.
naSromSi aseve aris mcdeloba motivebisa da miznebis
klasifikacia moxdes imisda mixedviT Tu ra gavlenas axdenen
isini konkretul SemTxvevaSi danaSaulis elementebze.
braleuli pasuxismgeblobis principidan gamomdinare
uaRresad mniSvnelovania motivaciis, motivisa da miznis
sworad gaazreba. naSromSi gatarebulia azri, rom
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba daisvas Tu umarTloba nebelobiTi
qceviTaa ganxorcielebuli, radgan yoveli danaSauli
nebelobiT qcevas gulisxmobs. am logikiT ki, motivisa da
miznis mniSvneloba rogorc ganzrax, ise gaufrTxileblobiT
Cadenil danaSaulebSic ar kargavs Tavis mniSvnelobas.
Semajamebeli saxiT unda aRiniSnos, rom motivma da
mizanma sisxlis samarTalSi SeiZleba Seasrulos Semdegi
funqciebi:
pirveli, motivi da mizani saSualebas iZleva
danaSaulebrivi qmedeba gavmijnoT aradanaSaulebrivisagan
anu maT SeuZliaT daafuZnon umarTloba. magaliTad, Tu nivTi
miTvisebis mizniT araa dauflebuli, ar gveqneba qurdoba
(ssk-is 177-e muxli); Tu bavSvi angarebiT an sxva qvena
grZnobiT araa Secvlili (ssk-is 174-e muxli) piris moqmedeba
ar iqneba danaSaulebrivi;
meore, mizans didi mniSvneloba aqvs
marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebebis
arsebobisaTvis. magaliTad, samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacvis
mizani aucilebeli mogeriebis an ukiduresi aucileblobisas;
mesame, motivi da mizani xSirad saSualebas iZleva
obieqturad msgavsi deliqtebi erTmaneTisagan gavmijnoT.
magaliTad, Tu saqarTvelos dasustebis mizniTaa
ganadgurebuli sawarmo, gveqneba sabotaJis SemadgenlobiT
gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba (ssk-is 318-e muxlis me-2 nawili),
xolo aseTi miznis gareSe qmedeba nivTis ganadgurebad (ssk-is
187-e muxli) dakvalificirdeba; xulignuri qvena grZnobiT
janmrTelobis msubuqi dazianeba dakvalificirdeba ssk-is 239-
e muxliT (xulignoba) da ara ssk-is 120-e muxliT
(janmrTelobis ganzrax msubuqi dazianeba);
meoTxe, motivi da mizani zogjer qmnis danaSaulis
kvalificiur Semadgenlobas. naSromSi dasabuTebulia, rom
miznisagan gansxvavebiT motivma, Tavisi personaluri
142
bunebidan gamomdinare mxolod bralis xarisxi SeiZleba
daamZimos;
mexuTe, sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis analiziT
gamoirkva, rom motivisagan gansxvavebiT, mizans SeuZlia
daafuZnos danaSaulis privilegirebuli Semadgenloba.
magaliTad, ssk-is 110-e muxliT (mkvleloba msxverplis
TxovniT) qmedebis kvalifikaciisaTvis, sxva pirobebTan erTad,
aucilebelia damnaSaves hqondes momakvdavis Zlieri fizikuri
tkivilisagan gaTavisuflebis mizani;
meeqvse, motivi da mizani gvexmareba ganvsazRvroT
danaSauli ganzraxaa Cadenili Tu gaufrTxileblobiT;
meSvide, motivi da mizani saSualebas iZleva sworad
davadginoT danaSaulis Cadenis stadiebi;
merve, motivisagan gansxvavebiT, danaSaulSi
TanamonawileobisaTvis aucilebelia amsrulebelsa da
Tanamonawiles hqondeT saerTo mizani. aseve gaanalizebulia
danaSaulis obieqturi (arapersonaluri) da subieqturi
(personaluri) niSnebi. dasabuTebulia Tu ratomaa mizani
obieqturi xasiaTis niSani, xolo motivi _ subieqturi;
mecxre, gangrZobadi da araerTgzisi danaSaulebis,
romlebic ramdenime obieqturad ase Tu ise msgavsi
moqmedebebisagan Sedgeboda, erTmaneTisagan gamijvnis
umniSvnelovanes kriteriums subieqturi momenti warmoadgenda.
kerZod, araerTgzisi danaSaulisagan gansxvavebiT gangrZobadi
danaSaulis dros yoveli moqmedeba erTiani mizniTa da
saerTo ganzraxviTaa ganxorcielebuli. dReisaTvis
gangrZobadi da araerTgzisi danaSaulebis mizniT gamijvnam
dakarga aqtualoba, ramdenadac sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi
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danaSaulis Cadena nasamarTlevi piris mier;
meaTe, motivi da mizani aucilebelia gaviTvaliswinoT
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∗ ∗ ∗
normatiuli masala:
127. 2000 wlis 1 ivnisis saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsi;
128. 1998 wlis 18 martis saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kodeqsi;
129. 1999 wlis 15 maisis saqarTvelos kanoni operatiul-
samZebro saqmianobis Sesaxeb;
naSromi Sesrulebulia Cems mier, ar gamomiyenebia

literatura saTanado miTiTebis gareSe da vacnobiereb
siyalbis gamovlenis SemTxvevaSi Cemi Sedegis baTilad
cnobisa da Sesabamisi programidan aRdgenis uflebis gareSe
garicxvis realobas.
irakli dvaliZe
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avtoris stili daculia

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

`motivisa da miznis zegavlena

xelmZRvaneli: iuridiul mecnierebaTa

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TvisebaTa ganviTarebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia

sityva „instinqti“ me-20 saukunis 30-iani wlebidan aRar

meore msoflio omis Semdeg evropuli

1. fiziologiuri moTxovnilebani (physiological needs):

$ 3. motivTa klasifikacia rusul da qarTul

sabWoTa periodis sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSi

mocemuli problemis garSemo fsiqologiur da

$ 1. danaSaulis motivi da mizani Zvel qarTul

cnobilia, rom sisxlis samarTali yvelaze

naSromis am nawilSi gamokvleulia, SeiZleba iTqvas,

kanonTa wignisa da saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macnes~ redaqcia, Tb., 2005,

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba

$ 4. danaSaulis stadiebis gammijnavi

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT

a) Tanamonawileobis subieqturi mxare

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi misi winamorbedi

267 Волков Б.С. Мотивы преступлений (Уголовно-правовое, социально-психологическое

исследование). Изд. Казанского университета, 1982, с. 111-113.

b) motivisa da miznis roli Tanaamsruleblobisas

sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSi dominirebs azri

g) agent-provokatoris figura sisxlis samarTalSi

danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg brZola, danaSaulis

aqamde ganxiluli iyo TanamonawileTa (rogorc viwro,

$ 6. sasjelis individualizacia motivisa da miznis

rogorc davinaxeT motivi da mizani udides rols

adamianis nebelobiTi qcevis fsiqologiuri mxaris

1. beWvaia d. sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis aqtualuri

53. Белогриц-котлиаревский Л. С. Учебник русского уголовного права.

naSromi Sesrulebulia Cems mier, ar gamomiyenebia

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