Tamondong, Jenixson C.

BSEE-5A
5 Different types of Instrumentation in Electrical

Capacitance Meter

A capacitance meter is a piece of electronic test equipment used to measure capacitance,

mainly of discrete capacitors. Depending on the sophistication of the meter, it may
display the capacitance only, or it may also measure a number of other parameters such
as leakage, equivalent series resistance (ESR), and inductance. For most purposes and in
most cases the capacitor must be disconnected from circuit; ESR can usually be measured
in circuit.
 Electricity Meter

An electricity meter, electric meter, electrical meter, or energy meter is a device that
measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a residence, a business, or an
electrically powered device.
Electric utilitie use electric meters installed at customers' premises for billing and
monitoring purposes. They are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one
being the kilowatt hour (kWh). They are usually read once each billing period.
When energy savings during certain periods are desired, some meters may measure
demand, the maximum use of power in some interval. "Time of day" metering allows
electric rates to be changed during a day, to record usage during peak high-cost periods
and off-peak, lower-cost, periods. Also, in some areas meters have relays for demand
response load shedding during peak load periods.
 Microwave Power Meter

A microwave power meter is an instrument which measures the electrical

power at microwave frequencies typically in the range 100 MHz to 40 GHz.
Usually a microwave power meter will consist of a measuring head which contains the
actual power sensing element, connected via a cable to the meter proper, which displays
the power reading. The head may be referred to as a power sensor or mount. Different
power sensors can be used for different frequencies or power levels. Historically the
means of operation in most power sensor and meter combinations was that the sensor
would convert the microwave power into an analogue voltage which would be read by
the meter and converted into a power reading. Several modern power sensor heads
contain electronics to create a digital output and can be plugged via USB into a PC which
acts as the power meter.
Microwave power meters have a wide bandwidth—they are not frequency-selective. To
measure the power of a specific frequency component in the presence of other signals at
different frequencies a spectrum analyzer or measuring receiver is needed
 Network Analyzer

A network analyzer is an instrument that measures the network parameters of electrical

networks. Today, network analyzers commonly measure s–
parameters because reflection and transmission of electrical networks are easy to measure
at high frequencies, but there are other network parameter sets such as y-parameters, z-
parameters, and h-parameters. Network analyzers are often used to characterize two-port
networks such as amplifiers and filters, but they can be used on networks with an
arbitrary number of ports
 Multimeter

A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a VOM (volt-ohm-milliammeter), is

an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one
unit. A typical multimeter can measure voltage, current, and resistance. Analog
multimeters use a microammeter with a moving pointer to display readings. Digital
multimeters (DMM, DVOM) have a numeric display, and may also show a graphical
bar representing the measured value. Digital multimeters have rendered analog
multimeters obsolete, because they are now lower cost, higher precision, and more
physically robust..