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 FEBRUARY 2016 / VOL. 19 / NO. 1

Inspection
Trends
THE MAGAZINE FOR MATERIALS INSPECTION AND TESTING PERSONNEL

AWS.ORG
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index

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 FEBRUARY 2016 / VOL. 19 / NO. 1

Inspection
Trends
THE MAGAZINE FOR MATERIALS INSPECTION AND TESTING PERSONNEL

Features
F
FEBRUARY 2016 / Vol. 19 / NO. 1

In
nspe
pectio
on
THE MAG
T
Trend
GAZINE FOR MATER
ds
RIALS INSPECTIONS
S AND TESTING PER
RSONNEL

AW
WS.ORG

16 20

Cover illustration by Willie Chinn, AWS graphic The CWI Program Turns 40
designer.
by J. Gayler / Here’s a look at how and why the AWS Certified Welding
Inspector program was begun forty years ago / 16

The Originals Speak Out

INSPECTION TRENDS (ISSN 1523-7168) is by M. R. Johnsen / Some of the first CWIs detail what the certification
published quarterly by the American Welding has meant to them and why they’ve kept it current all these years / 20
Society. Editorial and advertising offices are located
at 8669 NW 36th St., #130., Miami, FL 33166;
telephone (305) 443-9353. Printed by R. R. It’s Only Pipe
Donnelley & Sons Co., Senatobia, Miss. by A. J. Moore / An understanding of the applicable piping code will help
Subscriptions $30.00 per year for noncertified,
nonmembers in the United States and its
CWIs in preparing Welding Procedure Specifications / 23
possessions; $50.00 per year in foreign countries;
$20.00 per year for noncertified members and
students; $10.00 single issue for nonmembers and
$7.00 single issue for members. American Welding
Society is located at 8669 NW 36th St., #130,
Miami, FL 33166; telephone (305) 443-9353.
Periodicals postage paid in Miami, Fla., and
additional mailing offices.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to

Departments
Inspection Trends c/o American Welding Society,
8669 NW 36th St., #130., Miami, FL 33166.

Readers of Inspection Trends may make copies of arti-

cles for personal, archival, educational, or
research purposes, and which are not for sale or
resale. Permission is granted to quote from articles,
provided customary acknowledgment of authors
Editor’s Note ................................6 The Answer Is.............................30
and sources is made. Starred (*)items excluded from
copyright. News Bulletins .............................8 Certification Schedule ...............31

Print and Product Showcase .....12 Classifieds ..................................32

AWS MISSION STATEMENT
The mission of the American Welding Society Technology Notes ......................27 Advertiser Index ........................32
is to advance the science, technology, and
application of welding and allied joining
processes worldwide, including, brazing, Mark Your Calendar ..................28
soldering, and thermal spraying.

Inspection Trends / Winter 2016 5

 Editor’s Note
Publisher
Andrew Cullison, cullison@aws.org

Editorial
Dear Readers,
Editor
How many careers does the average Mary Ruth Johnsen, mjohnsen@aws.org
American worker have in his or her
lifetime? An oft-repeated claim is seven, Associate Editor
but no one really knows where that Kristin Campbell, kcampbell@aws.org
number comes from. It’s been wrongfully
attributed to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Assistant Editors
Statistics so many times that the agency Melissa Gomez, mgomez@aws.org
addresses the issue on its website: “The Annik Babinski, ababinski@aws.org
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) never
Mary Ruth Johnsen has attempted to estimate the number of
times people change careers in the course Design and Production
of their working lives. The reason we have
not produced such estimates is that no consensus has emerged on what Production Editor
constitutes a career change.” I couldn’t answer that question even for Zaida Chavez, zaida@aws.org
myself. By my count, I’ve had four careers, but it could be five
depending on how my publishing career is perceived. I spent a number Senior Production Coordinator
of years in publishing/journalism right out of college, had a gap of Brenda Flores, bflores@aws.org
nearly 10 years in which I did some other things, then returned to it
when I came to AWS in 1989. So I don’t know if you’d call that two Manager of International Periodicals
separate careers or one. and Electronic Media
While the Bureau doesn’t say how many careers the average person Carlos Guzman, cguzman@aws.org
has, it has tracked the number of jobs an average person holds, at least
for the younger members of the Baby Boom generation. Those born
Advertising
from 1957 to 1964 held an average of 11.7 jobs between the ages of 18
and 47. And I’ve read statistics from other organizations saying most Manager of Sales Operations
people hold between 12 and 15 jobs throughout the course of their Lea Paneca, lea@aws.org
working lives. So we bounce around a lot, especially during the early
years of our careers. Senior Advertising Sales Executives
That makes the accomplishment of the 22 men listed on page 21 of Sandra Jorgensen, sjorgensen@aws.org
this issue of Inspection Trends all the more remarkable. Talk about stick- Annette Delagrange, adelagrange@aws.org
to-it-iveness. They were all in the early stages of their professional lives
when they earned their CWI certification during the first three rounds
Senior Advertising Production Manager
of testing in 1976–77. They’ve stuck with the program, keeping their
Frank Wilson, fwilson@aws.org
certification current for these past 40 years.
I believe it’s also a testament to the quality of the program that
they’ve kept up their certification. Some of these CWIs are actively Subscriptions Representative
working as inspectors; others have moved into other roles. But they’ve Evelyn Andino, eandino@aws.org
stayed current because they believe the CWI certification says
something about their qualifications and level of knowledge. As Robert American Welding Society
Hay explained, “I did not want anyone to say I didn’t know what I was 8669 NW 36th St., #130
talking about.” Miami, FL 33166-6672
The CWI program has certainly flourished over these past 40 years. (800/305) 443-9353
In 1976, 1300 people took the test, with 585 earning their
Copyright
certification. In 2015, more than 10,000 people around the world took
the exam, and there are more than 40,000 people currently certified. Copyright © 2016 by American Welding Society in both
printed and electronic formats. The Society is not responsi-
During my communications with these original CWIs, one thing ble for any statement made or opinion expressed herein.
became very clear: They are all very proud of being a CWI. I believe Data and information developed by the authors of specific
articles are for informational purposes only and are not
AWS as an organization and you all as certified individuals have plenty intended for use without independent, substantiating
to celebrate as the CWI program turns 40. You’ve accomplished investigation on the part of potential users.
something very important and quite special.

6 Inspection Trends / Febuary 2016

 News Bulletins
GE Opens NDE Technology Center in the UK
Christian Le Du, GE’s European Inspection Technologies sales
leader (left), and Neil Bloomfield, GE’s Inspection Technologies
global radiography sales leader, cut the ribbon on the company’s
new technology center in Ratby, UK.
GE’s Inspection Technologies business recently opened
a Technology Solutions Center in the United Kingdom to
provide customers with a facility to test the company’s non-
destructive examination equipment to solve their specific
inspection problems. The facility, the company’s first in the
UK, is located in Ratby, near Leicester, about 1.5 miles from
the Groby manufacturing site of GE Measurement &
Control.
The center features the company’s computed tomogra-
phy, digital radiography, ultrasonic, eddy current, and re-
mote visual technology. It is staffed with applications engi-
neers who are experts in the various inspection technologies
and can provide advice and help in their application.
Nine-Year Recertification Class Meets in
Miami
The following people participated in the nine-year CWI
recertification class that met at AWS World Headquarters in
Miami, Fla., December 6–11, 2015: Mark Oliver, Shawn Carlson,
Barry Shoemaker, Bernard Johnson, Reginald Cross, Michael
Edenfield, Troy Burk, Jim Young, George Martin, Thomas Barnett,
Guy Cameron, Dustin Lyons, Fred Hadley Jr., Martin Kersey, Paul
Benavides, Vernon Walker, David Ziegler, John Biggs III, and
Charles Blake. Instructor and AWS Past President Jim Greer is
seated second from left.
8 Inspection Trends / February 2016
Laboratory Testing Approved as Testing Lab
for Sandia National Lab; Metallurgists
Certified by GE
Laboratory
Testing, Inc.
(LTI), Hatfield,
Pa., was re-
cently ap-
proved as a
Commercial
Testing Labo-
ratory (CTL)
for Sandia Na-
tional Labora-
tories head-
LTI Metallurgist LTI Metallurgist quartered in
Alan Fabiszewski Drew Batten Albuquerque,
N.Mex. The
designation grants approval to LTI to make critical measure-
ments associated with mechanical and chemical testing.
The approval was awarded after a review of the compa-
ny’s measurement requirements, measuring and test equip-
ment, and the associated calibration certificates that indi-
cate appropriate traceability. The scope of the approval cov-
ers the following techniques: Rockwell and Brinell hardness
of metallic materials; Knoop and Vickers hardness of mate-
rials; tension testing of metallic materials; preparation of
metallographic specimens; average grain size; duplex grain
size; largest grain observed in a metallographic section (ALA
grain size); macroetch testing of steel bars, billets, blooms,
and forgings; susceptibility to intergranular attack in
austenitic stainless steels; and inclusion content. In addi-
tion, it can perform chemical composition testing of metals
including determination of C, S, N, and O in steel, iron, nick-
el, and cobalt alloys by various combustion and fusion tech-
niques; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; and
inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
The current agreement with the lab is in effect through
March 31, 2017, to coincide with LTI’s A2LA accreditation
expiration.
In addition, GE Aviation has certified two metallurgists
from LTI to perform grain size evaluation in accordance with
GE E50TF133 Issue S10, following successful completion of
the company’s grain size evaluation training program.
The certification allows Metallurgists Alan Fabiszewski
and Drew Batten to perform the specified testing for suppli-
ers providing aircraft engine parts to GE.
Envirosight Adds Staff
Envirosight, LLC, a maker of video pipeline inspection
equipment based in Randolph, N.J., recently appointed
Jamie Winters as northeast regional sales manager and
Steve Webster as channel development manager.
Prior to joining Envirosight, Winters worked at Supreme
 Corp., where
he most re-
cently served
as district
sales manager. WEL D PROCEDUR E
He is tasked
with recogniz- QUALIFIC
CATION MATE RIAL S
ing new busi- Butt Welds
ness opportu- Hardfacing
nities as well Corrosion
as developing P1-P62
and executing
Steve Webster Jamie Winters
plans to assist
sales partners
achieve sales goals within the northeast region. Triangle
Webster will split his time between product and service
management for the company’s regional sales partners and
conducting product launches and demos. Prior to joining the Single – Double – Compound Bevels
company, he worked at Joe Johnson Equipment as director Now Stocking
ki Like us on
o
of New York operations. Hard to find ASME group number materials faceboo
ok
P1 – Dual cert. G1 & G2, P1 – G3
P3 – Dual cert. G1 & G2, P3 – G3
Manufacturers Remain Concerned about P6 – G4
Talent Shortage NEXT BUSINESS DAY SHIPPING
PQ plates available in thicknesses up to 2”. Machined bevvels
An increasing number of manufacturers struggle to find coated with weldable rust preventative. Plates marked witth
qualified applicants, according to data from the ASQ 2016 material type, grade and heat numberr.
Manufacturing Outlook Survey. More than 900 manufactur-
ing professionals responded to the survey. 6 Industrial Way
y, Hanover, MA 02339-2425
 
s 
s&AX 

Fifty-one percent of respondents say the lack of quali-
fied applicants is their greatest hurdle when hiring for va- www..trieng.com
i
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

Inspection Trends / Winter 2016 9

cant positions. This is up 44% from 2011, the last time ASQ
surveyed manufacturers about hiring challenges. According
to the recent survey, 25% of respondents said their biggest
challenge is the time it takes to hire a new employee, while
17% cited the lack of budget to fill open positions.
Many manufacturers are not sitting idle, however; 55%
said they’ve hired an agency to help find skilled applicants
and 41% are working with local colleges on programs that
teach the skills they need.
“With the Baby Boomer generation retiring and leaving
manufacturers with vacant positions, the shortage of quali-
fied applicants remains a clear concern for manufacturers,”
said ASQ Chair Cecilia Kimberlin. “It’s pivotal that workers
get the training and education they need to fill these roles
and be successful in the high-tech manufacturing field —
whether that’s through on-the-job training or through an
organization like ASQ.”
CWIs Tour NASA’s Michoud Assembly
Facility
A Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) nine-year recertifi-
cation class toured NASA’s Michoud Assembly Facility in
New Orleans, La., in October. Michoud houses one of the
largest indoor manufacturing facilities in the world and in-
cludes such equipment as automated machining and auto-
mated fiber placement along with friction stir welding sys-
tems. The tour also included presentations on the Space
Launch System, which will be the most powerful rocket ever
built, and the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle, which is
Listed from left are the participants and their companies. In
parentheses is the number of times the person has recertified as a
CWI per the AWS QC-1 nine-year agreement. Peter Godfrey, Cives
Steel Co. (4); Brian Congiardo, Prairie State Generator Co. (1);
Jessie Weaver, ARI (1); Edward Bohnart, Welding Education &
Consulting, facilitator; Tim Rust, Woodward, Inc. (1); Jeff Bullard,
Orbital ATK (1); James Duffy, Boston Bridge Services, Inc. (2);
Bryan Madsen, Orbital ATK (1); Scott Landry, Cembell Industries
(1); Alan Waddoups (1); Brad Stewart, Celanese Chemicals (1);
Andrew Nussbaum, AZCO Integrated Construction (2); Gresham
Everett, Hirsch Reid Industries Bridge (2); Todd Landry, Total
Petrochemicals (3); Tom Malo, Distran Package Sub Stations (3);
Tony Bellanger, Thome-Sea Marine Construction (1); Mark
Thibodaux, Thome-Sea Marine Construction (2); Billy Cohea,
Noranda Aluminum (2); Jason Durre, Durre Bros. (1); and Bob
Anderson, Wallace Engineering (1).
intended to carry four astronauts. Assisting with the tour
were Chip Howat, Weld Inspectors Clayton Newbill and
Stephen Beasley, and Case Biezenbos, manager of Mission
Assurance, Jacobs Technology.
— continued on page 30

For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

10 Inspection Trends / February 2016

 Print and Product Showcase

Rechargeable Unit Produces working range of 900 ft long by 70 ft

wide. The wireless remote control
Intense Light Output functions include an on/off button
and four arrow buttons that control
the up, down, left, and right move-
ment of the light. It includes one
rechargeable 12-V DC lithium ion bat-
tery with an 8.8-A per hour capacity. It
can be recharged from a fully dis-
charged state in two hours with a
110–240-V AC power cord. It has a run
time of 2 h once fully charged.

Larson Electronics
LarsonElectronics.com

The GL-9051-RCM rechargeable overlap, high-low misalignment,

LED remote-controlled spotlight
comes equipped with a 200-lb grip
magnetic base. The compact light is
designed for use in all weather condi-
tions and produces 2500 lumens of in-
tense light output. It features a 36-W
LED light emitter with an effective
Gauge Displays Fillet and
Butt-Joint Weld Dimensions
The Jennings weld gauge is a sin-
gle tool capable of measuring both
legs, throat, convexity/concavity, hy-
potenuse, profile, cap reinforcement,
porosity, beveled angle, weld width/pit
depth, and undercut. It can measure
virtually all common pipe and struc-
tural welds. Two prominent features
are its ratio calculator and profile dis-
play, all in one physical action. Tradi-
tionally, manually calculating the
throat to leg ratio has been time con-

- - -
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

12 Inspection Trends / February 2016

suming; the gauge does it for the user
and displays it along with other critical
dimensions of each weld in a single
measurement. The gauge comes with a
carrying case that can be hung on
a belt or kept in a pocket for easy
accessibility.
Jennings Weld Gauge Co., LLC
universalweldgauge.com
Pump Delivers Ultrasonic
Couplant
matic Measurement Verification Sys-
tem that ensures measurements are
displayed only if echoes are received
from the back wall of the metal to pre-
vent erroneous readings. The gauges
work even with heavily corroded metal
and feature Intelligent Probe Recogni-
tion, in which, when the probe is con-
nected, specific data relevant to the
probe are transferred to the gauge to
match the probe and gauge for en-
hanced performance. Models include
the Multigauge 5500, designed for
hands-free use when climbing on stag-
ing, scaffolding, or when accessing

The Couplant Delivery System

(CDS) battery-powered water pump de-
livers couplant for ultrasonic inspec-
tions. Designed for on-site use, CDS is a
rugged, portable, low-pulsation, self-
priming pump that delivers constant
pressure with a tunable flow rate. It alle-
viates the need for manual water
sprayers, and features an integrated bat-
tery that provides up to six hours of
continuous use. It can also deliver vis-
cous liquid such as gelling agents or oils.

Phoenix Inspection Systems, Ltd.

phoenixisl.com

Thickness Gauges Perform

Even on Heavily Corroded
Metal
The company’s Multigauge line of
multiple-echo ultrasonic thickness
gauges measures metal thickness
through coatings up to 20-mm thick
over the entire measuring range of the
probe. The gauges include an Auto-
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

Inspection Trends / Winter 2016 13

large storage tanks by rope; the hand-
held Multigauge 5600, which has a
bright color display and easy-to-use
menus; and the Multigauge 5700 data-
logger, which allows measurements to
be stored on the gauge in a grid or
string format or a combination of
both. The stored data is then transmit-
ted to a PC using wireless technology.

Tritex NDT, Ltd.

tritexndt.com

mini™ 4. The Pelican Vault features im-

Panel Lamp Designed for
Wide-Range Inspection
Areas
The PowerMAX™ 365 series NDE
panel flood lamps feature 16 powerful
UV-A (365 nm) LEDs and is engi-
neered for NDE professionals who
work with wide-range inspection ar-
eas. The lamps are useful for NDE in-
spection booths, fluorescent and mag-
netic particle inspection, screening of
fluorescent particles, wash station in-
spection, and any other application
that requires uniform UV-A coverage
over a large area. Two models, each
with or without a black light filter, are
available. They provide a UV-A intensi-
ty of 4500 W/cm2; each model has a
wide coverage area of 15  6 in. with a
minimum UV-A intensity of 2000
W/cm2.
Spectronics Corp.
spectroline.com
Cases Protect Tablet
Pelican’s Vault and Voyager Series
tablet cases were designed to provide
military-grade protection for the iPad
pact-absorbing materials and a protec-
tive seal against water and dust. With
the option of a closed lid when not in
use, the case also provides a water-
resistant membrane to cover the mi-
crophones and speakers while still pro-
viding high-fidelity audio. The Pelican
Voyager case has a more slender and
lightweight design and is built with
multiple layers of energy-absorbing
materials to provide 360-deg protec-
tion. Both models are backed by a life-
time guarantee.
Pelican Products, Inc.
pelican.com

For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

14 Inspection Trends / February 2016

 Feature
The CWI Program Turns 40
Take a look back at the beginnings of the
AWS Certified Welding Inspector program
Fig. 1 — The AWS board of directors approved the creation of the CWI program at its
November 15, 1973, meeting. Shown during a break at that meeting held at A. O. Smith
Corp.’s Research and Engineering Building are 22 members of the board.
The American Welding Society
(AWS) marks a milestone in 2016 with
the 40th anniversary of the Certified
Welding Inspector (CWI) program. Es-
tablishing a central certification pro-
gram for welding personnel had been
discussed at the highest levels of AWS
as far back as 1951. One driving force
for development of the CWI program
was industry’s concern for the quanti-
ty and quality of welders available to
support the anticipated growth in
steel construction in the 1970s.
In 1971, AWS President Robert
Stout appointed a commission to study
the question of creating a central certifi-
cation program for welders. The com-
mission recommended a four-phase
plan to the AWS board of directors. First
was a program to certify welding inspec-
tors who could then be used in the sec-
ond phase for certifying welders. Weld-
ing inspectors were addressed first be-
cause qualification procedures for
welders were already established in the
major codes, but the industry lacked a
qualification process for welding inspec-
16 Inspection Trends / February 2016
tors. Also, while AWS’s primary goal in
supporting this industry need was the
development of a certification program
for welders, it was deemed necessary to
first develop a corps of certified welding
inspectors to oversee the welder certifi-
cation program. Programs to certify
technicians, engineers, and other weld-
ing personnel made up Phases 3 and 4
of the plan.
The AWS board approved the cre-
ation of a certification program for
welding inspectors at its November
15, 1973, meeting in Milwaukee, Wis.,
at A. O. Smith Corp.’s Research and
Engineering Building — Fig. 1. At the
time, AWS had no surpluses or re-
serves to support the expected
$100,000 per year development costs
for the program, but AWS leadership
managed to cover the expense through
money from its normal operating
budget.
At the time the CWI program was
founded, AWS was undergoing many
other major changes. Between 1969
and 1974, the Society relocated from
By John Gayler
New York City to Miami. It had only
eight employees and was in the
process of recovering from what was
described at the time as “financial de-
cay” by then AWS President J. Edward
Dato. Between 1973 and 1977, AWS
engaged in three major initiatives. The
CWI program was one; the other two
programs involved the establishment
of a Communication Department that
would better promote AWS programs
and coordinate with other organiza-
tions, and a $300,000 study on fumes,
gases, and radiation in the welding en-
vironment. Tackling all three pro-
grams at the same time was a chal-
lenge for the Society, which was newly
relocated and struggling to find finan-
cial stability.
Shortly after the CWI program
was approved, a Qualification & Certi-
fication of Welding Personnel (QCWP)
Committee was established to work on
its development. Many individuals
were involved. Among them was Her-
schel Sosnin, the first QCWP chair.
Later, both Paul Masters (American
Bridge) and Howard Cary (Hobart
Brothers) chaired the QCWP during
development of the program. Cary was
the chair when the program launched
in late 1976. Other members of the
QCWP at program launch were Vice
Chair Wallace Erichsen (Westing-
house), Robert Anderson (ASNT),
Herb Chapman (CWB), William Green
(OSU), Wilbur Root (Bucyrus Erie),
William Smith (Bechtel), Don Sprow
(Southwestern Laboratories), James
Thompson (Union Carbide), David
Fullen, and Bud Julicher.
On July 7, 1975, AWS added its
first staff member devoted solely to its

Fig. 2 — Ken Fordyce served as
the first AWS staff member
devoted to certification
programs.
certification programs. Ken Fordyce
was appointed qualification manager,
and he facilitated implementation of
the program as the QCWP Committee
secretary — Fig. 2. By October 1975,
the QCWP had drafted the first stan-
dard on qualifying welding inspectors
— what would eventually become
QC1-76 — and had begun developing
the exams. The QCWP had representa-
tives from several organizations, in-
cluding ASNT. Paul Masters served as
QCWP chair but was also a member of
the ASNT Qualification and Certifica-
tion Committee. Likewise, ASNT’s
Technical Director Robert Anderson
was a QCWP member.
AWS officers and QCWP members
began promoting the new welding in-
spector program at District and Section
meetings in late 1975 and early 1976.
The effort could be described as a barn-
storming of the Sections by these indi-
viduals with information about the new
program. AWS President Paul Ramsey
(1975–76), Cary, Sprow, Ray Hemzacek,
Masters, Julicher, M. Godfrey, Wally Ur-
bick, and Ed Beck all traveled to Section
meetings nationwide to inform AWS
members about the new program. Dur-
ing the same time period, AWS began
arranging the logistics for conducting
the first sets of AWS welding inspector
exams.
In February 1976, AWS an-
nounced it planned to conduct tests at
more than 30 locations in September
of that year. At the same time, AWS
Fig. 3 — During a symposium
at the 1976 AWS Welding
Show, Bud Julicher stressed
how the use of millions of tons
of steel awakened engineers
to the need for assurance that
their welding designs were
being properly executed.
started receiving the first applications
to take the test. The test was first de-
scribed to AWS members as a three-
part exam comprised of one part on
fundamentals, one part on code book
interpretation, and one part on practi-
cal hands-on inspection — the same
format that continues today.
The Rationale
On May 13, 1976, AWS held a
Q&A panel session at the annual AWS
Welding Show in St. Louis about the
new welding inspector program. More
than 500 individuals attended that
symposium. Bud Julicher (Fig. 3) was
one of the speakers. In his presenta-
tion, Julicher described the evolution
of welding in the steel construction in-
dustry between 1950 and 1970, par-
ticularly in the federal highway bridge
programs. He made this statement:
“…Millions of tons of steel for bridges
and buildings were fabricated by weld-
ing. The casual approach taken by
many fabricators and erectors toward
welding procedures together with a
lack of metallurgical knowledge by
most structural engineers startled the
Integrity is still the
most fundamental
qualification of an
inspector
Inspection Trends / Winter 2016
engineers into the realization that
they needed some sort of insurance
that their welding designs were being
properly executed. The simple solution
was to specify that welding be inspect-
ed.” Herschel Sosnin, speaking on the
topic of pressure vessels and pressure
pipe, had this to say at the sympo-
sium: “If it is important to be certain
that the welder can make a good weld,
it is also important to be certain that
he does so. Only someone who is com-
petent at judging weld quality can do
this.”
During the launch of the CWI pro-
gram, industry was facing public
scrutiny regarding alleged improper
inspections and falsification of inspec-
tion records on the Trans-Alaska
Pipeline. One of the pillars of the CWI
program is its Code of Ethics and the
QC9 Alleged Violations process. As
Walter Offner stated in 1976, “To [the
skills outlined in the first QC1-76
standard] must be added integrity,
which is still the most fundamental
qualification of an inspector.” The po-
litical environment at that time served
as the origin of the strict Code of
Ethics put in place for CWIs.
The First Tests
The first public CWI exams were
held September 18, 1976, in six cities.
Thirty-one more exams were held
every Saturday at various cities na-
tionwide over the following five weeks
— Fig. 4. More than 1300 candidates
tested at the 37 exam sites. In the first
round of testing, 585 of the more than
1300 candidates earned their CWI cre-
dentials. An AWS staff member ad-
ministered the exam at each site.
Members of the QCWP, AWS District
Directors, and AWS Section officers as-
sisted with delivery of the exams. The
first round of tests were reported as
having gone smoothly. Feedback from
candidates were used to improve the
testing process in the second round.
The Houston Section hosted the
largest of the first round exam sites on
October 9, 1976, at the South Campus
of San Jacinto College — Fig. 5.
Eighty-five individuals took the exam
in Houston. AWS District Director T.
Ferrell along with Dave Morgan, H.
Crick, L. Chandler, and Bill McCoy as-
sisted Fordyce with the administration
of the exam.
When the CWI exam was
launched, AWS had not yet developed
17

Fig. 4 — Announcement from the July 1976 Welding Journal listing the locations for the
first CWI exam sites and the application requirements.
a preparatory seminar for candidates.
At that time, candidates’ options for
preparing for the exam were limited to
self-studying using the AWS Welding
Inspection Handbook and AWS Welding
Handbooks, using a set of AWS/ASM
guided self-study materials, or attend-
ing a Hobart School of Welding Tech-
nology preparatory seminar. The
AWS/ASM material was designed as a
home course with 13 lessons taken
over 13 weeks. The Hobart school
course was a two-week preparatory
seminar that was held three times in
1977 at its campus in Troy, Ohio. In
addition, some AWS Sections organ-
ized ad-hoc preparatory seminars for
their local members.
The second round of CWI exams
targeting 38 cities started on April 16,
1977. During the second round, 555
candidates took the exam. Of those
tested, 325 passed. A third round of
18 Inspection Trends / February 2016
exams began on October 29, 1977, in
40 cities.
In November 1977, AWS published
the Certification Manual for Welding In-
spectors. It provided a self-study guide
to candidates on all topics, technical
and nontechnical, necessary to pre-
pare for the exam.
The Program Today
From its beginnings in 1976, the
CWI program has continued to grow.
The AWS Certified Welder program
was established in 1990 and AWS has
added several other certification pro-
grams over the years, including one for
welding engineers. The Senior Certi-
fied Welding Inspector program was
developed later and added to form the
now-familiar, three-level
SCWI–CWI–CAWI structure. Certified
Welding Inspectors may now add en-
Fig. 5 — One of three groups of
candidates taking the CWI exam at San
Jacinto College in Texas during the first
wave of public testing.
dorsements to their credentials. To-
day, there are more than 40,000 indi-
viduals certified as AWS inspectors
globally in more than 90 countries.
The American Weldng Society and
its Certification Committee continue
to work to improve the CWI program.
A redesigned Part B practical exam will
be launched early this year, which is
the culmination of more than five
years of work by the Certification
Committee Exam Bank members led
by Chair George Hlifka (First Energy).
AWS is also looking at modernizing
the delivery of portions of the exam
through computer-based testing in the
near future. Dedicated, full-time spe-
cialists have been added to the AWS
staff to assist in the improvement of
the exams, and AWS has partnered
with a professional testing company to
aid in development and delivery.
More than 10,000 individuals —
in more than 40 countries and at more
than 550 exam locations — took the
CWI exam in 2015. From its impres-
sive beginning to its current status,
the CWI program has grown into a
program that CWIs, AWS members,
and the industry can be proud of.
Works Consulted
All background information and
all photos for this article were sourced
from the pages of the AWS Welding
Journal.
JOHN GAYLER (gayler@aws.org) is
senior associate executive director,
American Welding Society, Miami, Fla.
 Feature
The Originals Speak Out
Currently certified members of the inaugural class of AWS CWIs
discuss what the program has meant to them
Robert Wiswesser took the test to see how his skills measured up to
other inspectors and to the AWS standards.
This year marks the 40th anniver-
sary of the AWS Certifid Welding In-
spector (CWI) program. AWS began
testing candidates for the CWI Pro-
gram in the fall of 1976. More than
1300 people took the test with 585 of
them passing. The next time the test
was offerred was April 16, 1977. On
that day, 555 candidates took the
exam, with 325 passing. A third round
of exams began October 29, 1977. To-
day, 16 of those 1976 first-ever CWIs
continue to hold the certificaton, with
another six from the 1977 classes.
Inspection Trends asked them why
they took the exam, why they have kept
the certification current, how they have
used their CWI credentials and what it
has meant to their careers, and if they
have any advice for newcomers to the
weld inspection business. This article
presents the answers from Robert
Wiswesser, Joseph Crosson, Richard
Timko, Robert Hay, Charles McGowan,
Glenn Peloquin, and Steven Carter. Be-
20 Inspection Trends / February 2016
cause the original
CWIs were so
generous with
their time, you
will see respons-
es from others in
the inaugural
classes in upcom-
ing issues of In-
spection Trends as
AWS celebrates
the 40th anniver-
sary of the CWI
program.
Richard
Timko recalls his
feelings about
taking the test:
“I remember
taking the first
CWI exam in the fall of 1976 at a local
community college. Since it was warm,
many of the people taking the test
took their breaks outside. Apparently
many of the people knew each other
because they were talking and laugh-
ing, while I thought over the answers I
had given, continuously second guess-
ing myself. As I had started my inspec-
tion career in a NDT lab, I was positive
that I had answered the questons in
the NDT section correctly, but for the
others, I was not so sure. At work on
Monday, I discussed some of the ques-
tions and answers with another in-
spector who had taken the test, which
made me second guess myself even
more. The wait time to get my results
seemed to last forever, but I finally got
my notice that I had passed.”
Steve Carter had some unusal in-
sight to some of the test questions. “My
manager at my first job was Wally Erich-
sen from Westinghouse Electric Corp.
By Mary Ruth Johnsen
He was on the original CWI committee
to put together test questions for the
first test. I think the welding engineers,
about six of us, came up with 10 to 20
questions each. I recall my supervisor
and an associate took the first (or close
to it) test offered. They both chose the
ASME [Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code]
Section IX and Section VIII for their
open book part. I recall they both
passed but advised me to take the much
thinner API 1104 Code. When I did take
the test the next time it was offered, I
saw several of those questions that I had
written.”
Why They Became a CWI
These men became some of the
first CWIs for both pragmatic and ide-
alistic reasons.
Carter said his employer, Westing-
house, believed it was a credential all
of the welding engineers should have.
“At that time, I was on the board
of directors of the AWS Sabine Sec-
tion,” Peloquin recalled. “National had
asked us about the need for setting up
a program for inspectors. We were all
for it. (He took the test because) I
wanted to see what it was all about
and see if it would lend credence to in-
spection as a career.”
Hay joked that “me and several
colleagues decided to see how smart
we were,” then added the credential
became important because of the
strictness of the seismic requirements
in the California building codes. “I
don’t know how many tests I’ve taken
over the years,” he said, noting that
most jurisdictions now require CWIs
as well as having their own tests. He
recalled his father telling him how

Charles McGowan Glenn Peloquin took the
advises those who want CWI exam to see if the
to become a CWI not to program would lend
be discouraged and take credence to inspection
an AWS seminar to as a career.
prepare for the test.
proud he was of him for becoming a
CWI because “only 50% will pass.”
“Mr. Paul Masters, chief welding
engineer of the American Bridge divi-
sion of U.S. Steel Corp. told (a coworker
named Carol), ‘Sign up everyone for the
upcoming AWS CWI examination,’” Mc-
Gowan remembered. “Nuff said! I did
notice Carol left her name off the list.”
“I was an inspector involved in the
construction of a nuclear power plant
with several different companies, each
having their own quality department,”
Timko recalled. “My supervisor told a
fellow inspector and me about the new
AWS Certified Welding Inspector test
and that we should take it as it would
distinguish our QC department from
the others on site if we passed.”
Wiswesser said, “In 1976, I was work-
ing as a welding instructor, frequently
doing welder qualification witnessing
for local fabrication shops. I had con-
cerns about my personal qualification in
doing this work. When QC-1 was pub-
lished and the first CWI exam was
scheduled, I wanted to see how my weld
inspection capabilities measured up to
the AWS standards and other welding
professionals who took the exam.”
Why They’ve Stayed
Current
Timko’s use of the CWI certifica-
tion has been pre- and postweld in-
spection. “All in all, the CWI test in
1976 took approximately eight hours
to complete with, at that time, no real
study material,” he recalled. “After all
the work I put into it, and since I hate
to let any certification expire as you
never know when you’ll need it, I have
Steven Carter helped
write some of the
questions for the first
exam.
kept the certification current.”
By the time Crosson took the test
in 1977, some study material was
available. “The textbook used at the
time to prepare for the exam was quite
useful — I believe the name was Weld
Inspection or Welding Inspection. I still
refer to it on occasion…I already had
BS and MS degrees in metallurgical en-
gineering at the time of the exam, so
the welding metallurgy and mechani-
cal testing portions of the exam were a
snap. However, I do recall that the text
offered good, fundamental reviews of
those subjects. Regarding the test, I re-
call that the plastic weld replicas used
for the practical part of the exam were
of questionable quality, and I found
that to be true every time I have taken
the nine-year practical exam.”
Crosson has kept his certification
current because “my business special-
ized in failure analysis and nonde-
structive examination. Having a CWI
was instrumental in evaluation of weld
failures and evaluation of new and re-
pair construction. It also added credi-
bility when testifying as an expert wit-
ness in weld failure cases.”
Several of the other CWIs men-
tioned the certification gives them
credibility. Hay has been in a supervi-
sory capacity since 1978, but he’s kept
his certification current because of the
need to go into the field and speak
with engineers and contractors. “I did
not want anyone to say I didn’t know
what I was talking about.”
“Through the years, different com-
panies that I worked for also recog-
nized that having the CWI gave them
an ‘expert’ who could referee questions
between quality departments and
manufacturing,” Carter recalled. “In
Inspection Trends / Winter 2016
Original CWIs
Following are the CWIs who be-
came certified in 1976 and main-
tain that certification to this day:
Arthur Sumrall
Bob Johnson
Robert Wiswesser
David Norris
Glenn Peloquin
John Moore
Kenneth Chorniak
Michael Carcieri
Charles McGowan
Marshall Farley
Peter Palko
Vernon Peterson Jr.
Richard Timko
Stephen Fowler
William Via Jr.
Robert Hay
In addition, six men from the
second round of CWI testing in
1977 still maintain their certifica-
tion. They are as follows:
Steven Carter
Walter Goodwin
Donald Swiney
Danny Finstad
Joseph Crosson
Jerry Takeuchi
many cases, I gave training to other
noncertified welding inspectors. In all
cases, the various companies paid for
the cost of certification and recertifica-
tion. Having the certification has pro-
vided additional credibility when set-
tling disagreements that had high
costs associated with them.”
“I use it all the time still,” Peloquin
said. “Even though I’ve owned the
company, I’ve always done inspections.
I meet good people and do something I
enjoy. I’m still healthy, so I’m still
working.”
McGowan said many of his past
and present contracts have required
the CWI certification. His primary role
as a CWI has been furnishing informa-
tion, training, and auditing reports. “It
has been years since I was on the floor
inspecting AWS D1.1 and D1.5 work,”
he said. Yet he credits being a CWI as
keeping him “active and updated. I
meet and interface with some very in-
teresting people.”
“After becoming a CWI in 1976, I
21
was committed to continue along the
welding quality control career path us-
ing the CWI as a building block,”
Wiswesser explained. “This meant
maintaining the AWS certification and
getting actively involved with the Q&C
(AWS Qualification and Certification)
Committee. My interest on the com-
mittee was to help in the development
of a new, more relevant, ‘hands-on’
version of the Part B practical test.” He
added, “Since becoming a CWI, my job
has involved performing CWI visual
inspection on buildings, structures,
bridges, pressure vessels, and piping
systems continuously for the past 40
years.”
A Bit of Advice
When asked what advice they
have for people considering becoming
a CWI or just beginning their careers,
the original CWIs emphasized the re-
wards and responsibilities of being in
the inspection field as well as career
advancement.
McGowan acknowledged the
toughness of the exam and that some-
one interested in becoming a CWI
could become discouraged. He advised
they take an AWS seminar to help
them prepare.
“I would advise any welding pro-
fessional who has an interest in weld-
ing quality to consider becoming a
CWI,” Wiswesser said. “You will then
engage in hands-on visual welding in-
spection and have to consider what
would happen if the welds we inspect
fail. This can often be a career involv-
ing serious responsibility for those of
us tasked with inspecting critical weld-
ed assemblies. So, if you are up to this
challenge, being a CWI can be a re-
warding career.”
Peloquin emphasized the prestige
of being a CWI. “It lets people know that
you have knowledge and experience,” he
said. “It’s one of the first certifications I
would advise them to pursue.”
Hay also stressed the importance
of experience. “I think it’s an excellent
program. It tells you that a person has
knowledge in welding and inspection,
but also key is experience. Anyone can
pass a test if they study enough, but it
needs to be paired with experience.
“As I near retirement, I have advo-
cated to the last company that I have
worked for that welders can break out of
the mold of a welder and become in-
volved in the quality side of the busi-
ness” Carter said. “One of my coworkers
has taken and passed his test while an-
other has started test preparation for
this spring’s testing schedule. The for-
mer welder, and now CWI, has also be-
come the quality assurance manager
and was responsible for obtaining
AS9100 certification for the company.”
“If you are in quality control, I be-
lieve that getting your CWI is a great
first step,” Timko said. “I would also
recommend that you get ASNT Level
III certifications in any test method
that you can. If you get both the CWI
and ASNT certifications, it is my opin-
ion that this should open many oppor-
tunities for employment and
lead to an interesting and satisfying
career.”
MARY RUTH JOHNSEN
(mjohnsen@aws.org)
is editor of Inspection Trends.

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By Albert J. Moore Jr.
It’s Only Pipe
A thorough review of the applicable piping code will help you address the
variables that need to be included in Welding Procedure Specifications
“It’s only pipe” is something I hear
too often. I cannot remember exactly
how many times, but more than once
is once too many.
Pipe has been described as “a hole
surrounded by metal or plastic.” I wish
I could say that description originated
with me, but that is not the case. I first
read it while perusing an AWS Forum.
It seems a fitting description of the
product used to convey fluids of every
type and description from one location
to another. “A hole surrounded by
metal or plastic.” I like it!
Pipe is used for so many applica-
tions — structural supports, structur-
al members subject to compression or
tension, and, of course, as already
mentioned, conveying fluids of all
types. In this article, I am only con-
cerned with pipe used to convey fluids.
The fluid flows through the pipe by the
force of gravity or with the aid of a
pump to increase the pressure. With
gravity flow, the pull of gravity causes
the fluid to flow toward a lower eleva-
tion; in the case of a pumped fluid, it
flows toward lower pressure. The uses
of such systems are so numerous, a fi-
nite number is impossible to estimate.
Piping Codes
Among the professional organiza-
tions that have developed piping
codes, The American Society for Me-
chanical Engineers (ASME) and Ameri-
can Petroleum Institute (API) are per-
haps the best known for developing
standards to govern how piping sys-
tems are designed, constructed, and
tested, as well as how welding proce-
dures and welders are qualified to join
pipe by welding.
While API governs miles of petrole-
um pipelines and gathering systems in
use underground, under construction,
or on the drawing boards, ASME pip-
ing codes govern the bulk of the pres-
sure piping systems used in this coun-
try and others. There are several ASME
piping codes, each addressing specific
applications; however, because there is
considerable overlap in the different
piping codes, it can be difficult to de-
termine which ASME construction
code applies. The owner is responsible
for selecting the piping code that best
meets its needs. Following are the
ASME piping codes an AWS Certified
Welding Inspector (CWI) or Senior
Certified Welding Inspector (SCWI) is
most likely to encounter:
• B31.1, Power Piping Code, which
addresses the needs of power plants,
and central heating and cooling
systems.
• B31.3, Process Piping Code, which ad-
dresses the needs of refineries, phar-
maceutical, food, beverage, electronics,
and chemical processing facilities.
• B31.9, Building Services Piping, which
covers piping for industrial, commer-
cial, institutional, public buildings,
and multiunit residences.
While less likely, CWIs may also en-
counter the following two ASME pip-
ing codes:
• B31.4, Pipeline Transportation Systems
for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liq-
uids
• B31.8, Gas Transmission and Distribu-
tion Piping Systems.
Certified Welding Inspectors and
SCWIs working with pipe or pressure
vessels need to have a working knowl-
edge of the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code, Section IX, in order to quali-
fy Welding Procedure Specifications
(WPSs) and welders. However, they
Inspection Trends / Winter 2016
Feature
must also be familiar with the applicable
construction codes to determine
whether additional requirements have
been invoked. These additional require-
ments must be addressed when qualify-
ing welding procedures. The construc-
tion code, i.e., B31.1, B31.3, etc., may
require the WPS to address variables
not included in ASME Section IX. The
construction code may impose such re-
quirements as notch toughness and
postweld heat treatment, which must
be addressed when the WPS is qualified.
To the uninitiated, threading one’s
way through the code can be confusing.
Does the WPS have to list the groove
angle? Must it address misalignment
between the members? Does the WPS
need to include the root opening and
root face dimensions? Some of these
may be listed as nonessential variables
or Section IX may not list them. You
might believe those variables do not
have to be addressed if they are not in-
cluded in Section IX. That would be a
grave mistake that could be easily avoid-
ed by a thorough review of the applica-
ble piping code. When the construction
code includes the statement “as per the
WPS” or “in accordance with the WPS,”
the variable must be addressed in suffi-
cient detail for the welder to understand
what must be done.
Table 1 lists some of the variables
included in the construction codes.
“All grooves and fillets” is not an ac-
ceptable entry under the heading
“joint details” when the construction
code requires the WPS to list the met-
rics. If notch toughness or postweld
heat treatment are required, they too
must be addressed.
Whether the CWI or SCWI is review-
ing the WPS, inspecting the welds, or
helping the contractor to qualify the
23
Table 1 — Variables Addressed by the ASME Construction Codes

Variable B31.1 B31.3 B31.9

Normal, D, and M High Pressure

Backing Rings Permitted with provisions Permitted with provisions Prohibited Permitted
End Preparation (butt joints) Per B16.25 or WPS Per B16.25 or WPS Per B16.25 machined Per WPS
or ground to bright
metal
Cleaning For all three codes: Dross and slag must be removed. Free of oil, rust, paint, etc.
Internal Alignment 1
⁄16 in. max. Per WPS. Can be Per WPS, no more Per
Can be bored to counterbored than 1⁄16 in. Can be commercial
correct counterbored tolerances
External Alignment For all three codes: Different OD measurement can be tapered.
Root spacing (root opening) For all three codes: Per WPS
Preheat Per code minimum Per code minimum As qualified Per WPS
temperatures temperatures
Tack Welds
(incorporated into final weld) Ends ground and faired No special No special No special
requirements requirements requirements
Branch Fittings — Per WPS Must be capable of —
being radiographed

WPS, it is important to understand how
to determine whether notch toughness
is required. Let’s work through a prob-
lem to see how the mechanics works.
Assume 12-in.-diameter carbon man-
ganese steel pipe that meets the require-
ments of ASTM A106 grade B is to be
welded. The pipe wall is 1½ in. thick to
accommodate the operating pressure.
The lowest service temperature is ex-
pected to be 35°F during a cold startup,
and it will not exceed 250°F during op-
eration. There are joints that utilize weld
neck flanges, several elbows, and several
integrally reinforced branch fittings. The
owner determined the piping system
needs to meet ASME B31.3, category M
fluid service.
Appendix A in ASME B31.3, Process
Piping Code, segregates the base metals
by the specification and grade into
groups A, B, C, or D. Once the thickness
of the base metal is known and the low-
est service temperature has been estab-
lished, it is relatively easy to determine
if notch toughness is required.
The first step is to look at Appendix
A-1, a portion of which is shown in
Fig. 1.
From Appendix A-1, as shown in
the area underlined in red, ASTM
A106 grade B pipe is categorized as a
P1 base metal and Group B for the
purpose of notch toughness testing.
The next step is to look at Fig. 2.
The values of 35°F and 1½ in. are plot-
ted. The resulting plot point is below
the curve identified as “Curve B”;
therefore, notch toughness testing is
required when qualifying the WPS.
Next, it must be determined if
postweld heat treatment is required.
For this we have to look at another
table — Fig. 3.
As can be seen in Fig. 3, postweld
heat treatment is required for P1 base
metals greater than ¾ in. thick.
The weld neck flanges meet the re-
quirements of ASME B16.5, while the
integrally reinforced branch fittings
meet the requirements of MSS-SP-97,
and the short radius elbows meet ASME
B16.28. The weld neck flanges and
formed elbows utilize typical complete-
joint-penetration V-groove welds. The
WPS must provide the welder with the
information required to properly fit and
weld the joints. The welder needs to
know the root opening, root face, and
groove angle along with the allowable
tolerances. Large-diameter, thick-walled
seamless pipe is rarely perfectly round.
Counterboring will probably be neces-
sary to ensure there is not excessive
mismatch between the weld neck
flanges, elbows, and pipe. The WPS
should address when counterboring is
needed and how it should be done. The
same is the case with integrally rein-
forced branch fittings (IRBF) such as
Sock-O-Let® products manufactured by
Bonney Forge. The WPS also needs to
include sufficient detail to ensure the
welder understands the IRBF is required
to be a complete-joint-penetration
groove weld with a reinforcing fillet
weld. The size of the reinforcing fillet
weld is dependent on the specific piping
code. In this case, ASME B31.3 was
specified by the owner. The required re-
inforcing fillet weld must be the lesser
of the thickness of the branch pipe or ¼
in. Since each IRBF is provided by the
manufacturer to fit several different
pipe diameters, the welder must be in-
structed to hand fit the IRBF to properly
fit the run pipe with the proper root
face, root opening, and groove angle.
Once again, the allowable tolerances
must be provided. ASME provides few
manufacturing directions, so the con-
tractor performing the work must de-
termine the appropriate tolerances.
A Four-Step Process
The CWI/SCWI can play an essential
role in the quality system that ensures
the piping system is constructed in ac-
cordance with the requirements of the
project specifications. The question is,
where do you start? The simple answer
is, of course, that you must start at the
beginning.
Step one: Determine what piping
code the design specifies. If that hap-
pens to be ASME B31.3, you also need
to know what fluid service category
has been selected. Many problems
originate with step one, i.e., the piping
code and design parameters are not
properly specified.
Step two: Once step one is com-
plete, you next need to verify the ven-
dors have provided the materials speci-
fied in the design. Material control be-
gins with a review of the purchase or-
ders to verify the correct materials are
ordered. Once the materials are re-
ceived, review and compare the certified
material test reports the manufactur-
ers/vendors provided to the material
specifications to ensure the correct ma-
terials were delivered. Construction ma-
terials can be a problem area if the prop-
er controls are not implemented. On oc-

24 Inspection Trends / February 2016


Fig. 1 — A portion of Table A-1, “Basic Allowable Stresses in Tension for Metals.” Numbers in
parentheses refer to notes for Appendix A tables; specifications are ASTM unless otherwise
indicated. (Reprinted from ASME B31.3-2014 by permission of the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved.)
Fig. 2 — Figure 323.2.2.2A. (Reprinted from ASME B31.3-2014 by permission of the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved.)
casion, a vendor will supply materials
that are not compliant with the pur-
chase order. A vendor may occasionally
make a substitution and supply some-
thing that is “better” than what was
specified. The term “better” is subjective
and often means it is something that
was in the vendor’s inventory.
Step three: Review the document
packages, i.e., the drawings, WPSs, and
supporting procedure qualification
records (PQRs), welder performance
records, nondestructive examination
procedures, and other submittals to de-
termine if they meet the requirements
of project specifications, the construc-
tion code, and ASME Sections V and IX.
This is when the welding documenta-
tion should be given a sanity check. Do
they make sense? Are the listed welding
parameters reasonable? For example, if
the WPS lists the voltage range as
0–220, you know there is a problem. (I
would not give this as an example if I
had not seen it with my own eyes.)
Step four: This step includes
checking the fabrication and welding.
If the drawings are incomplete or if
the most recent revisions have not
been provided to both the fabricator
and the inspector, this step can be
difficult. The contractor and its
welders may ignore the WPSs unless
there is someone (a CWI or SCWI)
representing the owner to monitor
the fabrication and installation
Inspection Trends / Winter 2016
processes. If the WPSs are not fully
implemented, there is no assurance
the production welds replicate the
mechanical properties established
when the WPSs were qualified. The
importance of well-written WPSs and
the ranges of the welding parameters
listed become very apparent when the
piping code imposes notch toughness
requirements. Step four can also ex-
tend to the installation/erection of
the piping system.
Let’s break Step 4 into a few addi-
tional activities:
1) Verify there have been no mate-
rial substitutions. A common mistake
involves the use of ASTM A53 when
ASTM A106 is specified.
2) Verify the WPSs and the welders
are properly qualified.
3) Verify the weld joints are properly
prepared and fitted. Verify items such as
root opening, root face, groove angle,
etc., are listed and in compliance with
the WPS. When necessary, verify the in-
side of the pipe has been counterbored
to provide proper fitup conditions.
4) Verify the welder is following the
WPSs.
5) Verify the welds meet the visual
acceptance criteria of the applicable
construction code.
6) Verify all required postweld heat
treatment is performed in accordance
with the written procedure
and meets the applicable code
requirements.
7) Verify all nondestructive exami-
nation (NDE) is performed in accor-
dance with the applicable construction
code. The following must all be verified
as part of this activity:
• NDE personnel are qualified and cer-
tified in accordance with the contrac-
tor’s written practice.
• The written practice has been re-
viewed and meets the requirements of
ASME Section V (if required by the ap-
plicable piping code).
• NDE procedures have been reviewed
and approved.
• All NDE is performed per the ap-
proved procedures.
• The extent of the NDE is in agree-
ment with the code requirements.
• The welded joints meet the acceptance
criteria of the applicable piping code.
8) Verify the required hydro or
pneumatic tests have been performed
using the specified test pressure.
9) Verify the reports are on file for
all inspections, examinations, and
tests performed.
25
 Fig. 3 — Table 331.1.1, “Requirements for Heat Treatment.” (Reprinted from ASME B31.3-2012 by permission of the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved.)
Conclusion
“It’s just pipe.” Is there really any
piping system that can be called “just
pipe”? We have learned pipe and fit-
tings are highly engineered materials
that must meet the requirements of
the appropriate material specifica-
tions, and they can only meet the
service requirements if they are inte-
grated into a system that is properly
engineered and designed. To be prop-
erly engineered, the system has to be
analyzed; materials selected, specified,
purchased, fabricated and installed;
and subjected to required inspections,
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
26 Inspection Trends / February 2016
examinations, and tests necessary to
ensure the system meets the design
and code requirements.
The owner’s selection of the appro-
priate piping code is the primary deter-
minant in what materials can or cannot
be used; how the system is designed,
fabricated, and installed; and what qual-
ity control and quality assurance meas-
ures are implemented to ensure compli-
ance with the design and the code. Both
the owner and the contractor have a re-
sponsibility to ensure the product deliv-
ered is as specified and the final system
will function as intended. Keep in mind
that the ASME piping codes are intend-
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
ed for new installations, not in-service
repairs or modifications. That is a differ-
ent ball of wax.
If I ask you, “what piping code are
you working to,” please do not tell me,
“it’s just pipe, Al.”
ALBERT J. MOORE JR.,
(AMoore999@comcast.net) is vice presi-
dent, Marion Testing & Inspection, Can-
ton, Conn. He is an AWS Senior Certified
Welding Inspector and an ASNT ACCP
NDT Level III in RT, UT, MT, and PT. He is
also a member of the AWS Certification
Committee and the Committee on Meth-
ods of Inspection of Welds.

Interpretations
D1.5, Bridge Welding Code
Subject: NDE Acceptance Criteria —
CJP Welds of Square-Groove Butt
Joints
Code Edition: D1.5M/D1.5:2010
Code Provision: Table 6.3
AWS Log: D1.5-10-I04
Inquiry: Is it the intent of the AWS
D1.5M/D1.5:2010, Bridge Welding
Code, that when evaluating flaws de-
tected at scanning level in “tension”
welds, which have been ground flush
and which utilized the square-groove
weld butt joint designations B-L1-S or
B-L1a-S, that the ultrasonic test oper-
ator evaluate all longitudinal-oriented
flaws 4 dB more sensitive when deter-
mining rating “D”?
Response: No.
Subject: UT Search Unit Calibration
Code Edition: D1.5M/D1.5:2010
Code Provision: Subclause 6.18.2
AWS Log: D1.5-10-I05
Inquiry: Is the intent of clause 6.18.2
to perform UT calibrations at each
weld, i.e., at all 60 welds? If so, this
would need to be done every few min-
utes in our line of work and would also
seem somewhat contradicting to
clause 6.18.3, which states a two-hour
maximum recalibration allowance.
Could you please elaborate as to what
the true intent of this statement is
for? Might I suggest the removal of
this statement or rewording since it
seems conflicting with 6.18.3?
Response: No, you do not need to
calibrate at each weld. Subclause
6.18.3 allows a two-hour maximum.
Subject: Qualification Requirements
Code Edition: D1.5M/D1.5:2010
Code Provision: Subclause(s) 5.4.3,
5.12.4, 5.12.4.2, 5.15.1(3), 5.18.2,
5.15 through 5.19, Figure 5.1, Annex
N: Form N-3
AWS Log: D1.5-10-I06
We are looking at qualification re-
quirements based on a D1.5 Clause
5.4.3, which points to 5.12.4. We
would be following 5.12.4.2 (Fig. 5.1),
and 5.15, 5.16, 5.17, 5.18, and 5.19.
Inquiry: After reviewing further the
AWS D1.5:2010 requirements for macro
tests of groove welds, there appears to
be some conflicting information in D1.5
000
Technology Notes
as to whether or not macros are
required for our qualification test (Fig.
5.1 test coupon made with a CJP weld).
The AWS D1.5 PQR form (N-3, Page
270) indicates the macroetch is not
required for CJP welds. Since test Fig.
5.1 requires a CJP weld, one could
interpret that macros are not required
(by D1.5 form N-3). However, Fig. 5.1
specifically indicates/depicts that three
macros are required. Clause 5.18.2,
section on “Method of Testing
Specimens,” indicates macroetch tests
are required only for test Figures 5.3
and 5.8. Since test Fig. 5.1 was used, one
can interpret that macros are not
required. However, note that Clause
5.15.1(3) “Groove Welding Testing
Requirements” indicates that macroetch
tests are required for groove welds. It’s
not perfectly clear why Fig. 5.1 would
indicate macros are required when Form
N-3 specifically indicates they are not
required for CJP welds, and that Clause
5.18.2 indicates they are not required
(for a Fig. 5.1 test). I think it could be
clearer. I’ve been working with the Army
Corps of Engineers on a project and
there is a difference of opinion on their
side, too. I just think the D1.5
requirements might be better written so
it’s not a professional opinion issue.
Response: The intention of the code
is to require macroetches. The code is
not written as clearly as it should be.
We will work to clarify the language.
Errata
D1.1/D1.1.M:2015, Structural
Welding Code — Steel
The following errata have been
identified and will be incorporated
into the next reprinting of this
document.
Page 105, Figure 3.5: Note “a” replace
“5.14” with “5.13.”
Page 105, Figure 3.5: Note “a” replace
“Table 3.7” with Table “3.6.”
Page 105, Figure 3.5: Note “b” replace
“5.22.1” with “5.21.1.”
Page 105, Figure 3.5: replace “ALL DI-
MENSIONS IN mm” with “ALL DI-
MENSIONS IN inches.”
Page 105, Figure 3.5: replace welding
process “FMAW” with “GMAW.”
Inspection Trends / Winter 2016
Page 106, Figure 3.5: replace welding
process “FMAW” with “GMAW.”
Page 135, Table 4.10: replace title
“Welder and Welding Operator Quali-
fication-Production Welding Positions
Qualified by Plate, Pipe, and Box Tube
Tests (see 4.15.1)” with “Welder and
Welding Operator Qualification-Pro-
duction Welding Positions Qualified
by Plate Tests (see 4.15.1).”
Page 139, Table 4.14: add a vertical
line between Welding Process and Test
Location.
Page 198, 6.17.7: add an additional sen-
tence to the clause “Steel backing shall
not be considered part of the weld or
weld reinforcement in IQI selection.”
Page 245, 7.2.6: replace “ASTM A29,
Standard Specification for Steel Bars,
Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General
Requirements for Grades 1010 through
1020” with “ASTM A29/A29M-12e1,
Standard Specification for General Re-
quirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and
Alloy, Hot-Wrought, Grades 1010
through 1020.”
Page 502, C-4.8: replace the sentence
“However, departure from variables
which affect the mechanical or chemi-
cal composition of material properties,
or soundness of the weldment is al-
lowed without requalification.” with
“However, departure from variables
which affect the mechanical or chemi-
cal composition of material properties,
or soundness of the weldment is not
allowed without requalification.”
Page 590, Index-Electrodes, welder
qualification groups: replace “Table
9.15” with “Table 4.13.”
Page 591, Index-Filler Metals, welder
group designation: replace “4.3.2.1”
with “4.2.3.1 and Table 4.13.”
Page 591, Index-Fillet Welds, maxi-
mum size: replace “2.4.2.8” with
“2.4.2.9.”
Page 596, Index-Skewed T-joints: re-
place “Figure 3.44” with “Figure 3.4.”
Page 596, Index-Statically Loaded
Structures, backing: replace “2.6.4.1”
with “5.9.1.5.”
27
 Mark Your Calendar
6th Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography
(iCT Conference 2016)
February 9–12. University of Applied Sciences Upper Aus-
tria, Wels Campus, Wels, Austria. Contact: Nicola Spitzer,
congress@fh-ooe.at; 3dct.at/ict2016.
FABTECH Canada (AWS-sponsored event)
March 22–24. Toronto Congress Centre, Toronto, ON, Cana-
da. Contact American Welding Society, (800) 443-9353, or
fabtechcanada.com.
25th ASNT Research Symposium
April 11–14. Astor Crowne Plaza New Orleans, New Or-
leans, La. Contact American Society for Nondestructive
Testing, (800) 222-2768 or asnt.org.
9th International Seminar & Conference on Advances
in Resistance Welding (AWS-sponsored event)
April 13–15. American Welding Society World Headquar-
ters, Miami, Fla. Contact American Welding Society, (800)
443-9353, ext. 455, or aws.org.
19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing
June 13–17. International Congress Centre, Munich, Ger-
many. Contact German Society for Non-Destructive Testing,
49 30 67807-120; e-mail: conference@wcndt2016.com, or
wcndt2016.com.
QNDE (Review of Progress in Quantitative Nonde-
structive Evaluation)
July 16–22. Georgia Tech Hotel and Conference Center, At-
lanta, Ga. Contact Iowa State University Center for Nonde-
structive Evaluation, (515) 294-8152; cnde@cnde.iastate.edu
or qndeprograms.org.
Digital Imaging 2016
July 25, 26. Foxwoods Resort, Mashantucket, Conn. Contact
American Society for Nondestructive Testing, (800) 222-
2768 or asnt.org.
Ultrasonics for NDT 2016
July 27–29. Foxwoods Resort, Mashantucket, Conn. Con-
tact American Society for Nondestructive Testing, (800)
222-2768 or asnt.org.
NDE/NDT for Highway and Bridges: Structural Materi-
als Technology 2016
August 29–September 1. DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Port-
land, Portland, Ore. Contact American Society for Nonde-
structive Testing, (800) 222-2768 or asnt.org.
ASNT Annual Conference 2016
October 24–27. Long Beach Convention & Entertainment
Center, Long Beach, Calif.
28 Inspection Trends / February 2016
FABTECH 2016 (AWS-sponsored event)
November 16–18. Las Vegas Convention Center, Las Vegas,
Nev. Contact American Welding Society, (800) 443-9353, or
fabtechexpo.com. Contact American Society for Nondestruc-
tive Testing, (800) 222-2768 or asnt.org
Educational Opportunities
GE Inspection Academy Courses. Online e-courses, on-
site classes, and week-long classroom programs in the major
industrial evaluation techniques. For information, visit
geinspectionacademy.com.
NDE Classes. Moraine Valley Community College, Palos
Hills, Ill., offers NDE classes in PT, MT, UT, RT, Radiation
Safety, and Eddy Current, as well as API 510 exam prep and
weld inspection. For more information, contact (708) 974-
5735; wdcs@morainevalley.edu; morainevalley.edu/NDE.
EPRI NDE Training Seminars. EPRI offers NDE technical
skills training in visual examination, ultrasonic examina-
tion, ASME Section XI, UT operator training, etc. Contact
Sherryl Stogner, (704) 547-6174, e-mail: sstogner@epri.com.
Nondestructive Examination Courses. A course sched-
ule is available from Hellier, 277 W. Main St., Ste. 2, Niantic,
CT 06357; (860) 739-8950; FAX (860) 739-6732.
Preparatory and Visual Weld Inspection Courses. One-
and two-week courses presented in Pascagoula, Miss., Hous-
ton, Tex., and Houma and Sulphur, La. Contact Real Educa-
tional Services, Inc.; (800) 489-2890; info@realeducational.com.
CWI/CWE Course and Exam. A ten-day program present-
ed in Troy, Ohio. Contact Hobart Institute of Welding Tech-
nology, (800) 332-9448; hiwt@welding.org; welding.org.
T.E.S.T. NDT, Inc., Courses. CWI preparation, NDE cours-
es, including ultrasonic thickness testing and advanced
phased array. On-site training available. T.E.S.T. NDT, Inc.,
193 Viking Ave., Brea, CA 92821; (714) 255-1500; FAX
(714) 255-1580; ndtguru@aol.com; testndt.com.
NDE Training. NDE training at the company’s St. Louis-area
facility or on-site. Level III services available. For a schedule of
upcoming courses, contact Quality Testing Services, Inc., 2305
Millpark Dr., Maryland Heights, MO 63043; (888) 770-0103;
training@qualitytesting.net; qualitytesting.net.
CWI/CWE Prep Course and Exam and NDT Inspector
Training Courses. An AWS Accredited Testing Facility.
Courses held year-round in Allentown, Pa., and at cus-
tomers’ facilities. Contact: Welder Training & Testing Insti-
tute (WTTI), (800) 223-9884; info@wtti.edu; wtti.edu.
 The Answer Is By K. Erickson and A. Moore

Q: Is it standard field or shop
practice to perform magnetic
particle inspection on welds
immediately following the
completion of the welding operation
in accordance with AWS D1.1,
Structural Welding Code — Steel?
A: (by K. Erickson) Nondestructive
surface examinations (NDE) such as
magnetic particle and liquid penetrant
can be classified as informational, in-
process, and/or a final inspection. In-
formational NDE examinations can be
performed at any time for which the
results may not be documented.
When NDE is required by specifi-
cation to be performed and document-
ed, such as the welding operation, this
examination shall be in accordance
with a written and approved procedure
specification. The applicable procedure
will specify such requirements that
need to be adhered to such as surface
temperature and surface condition.
When all these pertinent variables
have been met, then the NDE exami-
nation can be performed.
Generally, welds that required ei-
ther magnetic particle or liquid pene-
trant inspection shall also require visual
inspection by an AWS CWI. It is benefi-
cial to perform the visual inspection pri-
or to any NDE examinations so the final
weld has been accepted and is 100%
complete and therefore the NDE exami-
nation can be performed. Should the
NDE examination precede the visual in-
spection, the visual inspection could de-
tect further welding and/or corrections
required and the NDE inspection would
then need to be repeated and so docu-
mented.
If you have witnessed NDE inspec-
tions being performed on weldments
where both visual and NDE is required,
it is possible that the NDE examiner
also meets the project requirements for
visual inspection. If this individual is
solely certified to perform NDE exami-
nations and not visual weld, it is possi-
ble that the visual inspections are being
overlooked or are being performed fol-
lowing the NDE testing. If so, this prac-
tice should be researched and investi-
gated to confirm that no project specifi-
cations and/or procedures are being vi-
olated and that all corresponding docu-
mentation is correct and accurate.
KENNETH ERICKSON is manager of quality
at National Inspection & Consultants, Inc.,
Ft. Myers, Fla. He is an AWS Senior Certified
Welding Inspector, an ASNT National NDT
Level III Inspector in four methods, and pro-
vides expert witness review and analysis
for legal considerations.
ALBERT J. MOORE JR. is vice president,
Marion Testing & Inspection, Canton, Conn.
He is an AWS Senior Certified Welding
Inspector and an ASNT ACCP NDT
Level III. He is also a member of the AWS
Certification Committee and the Committee
on Methods of Inspection of Welds.
The Society is not responsible for any
statements made or opinion expressed herein.
Data and information developed by the authors
are for specific informational purposes only
and are not intended for use without
independent, substantiating investigation on
the part of potential users.

ANY METHOD. News Bulletins

ANY INDUSTRY. — continued from page 8
Navitus NDT is a versatile, responsive, and experienced
nondestructive testing provider that will satisfy the
needs of any customer, in any industry, anywhere SPECTRO Opens Application and
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30 Inspection Trends / February 2016

 Certification Schedule

Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) 9-Year Recertification Seminar for CWI/SCWI

Location Seminar Dates Exam Date For current CWIs and SCWIs needing to meet education re-
Atlanta, GA Feb. 7–12 Feb. 13 quirements without taking the exam. The exam can be tak-
Waco, TX Feb. 7–12 Feb. 13 en at any site listed under Certified Welding Inspector.
Seattle, WA Feb. 7–12 Feb. 13
Miami, FL Exam only Feb. 18 Location Seminar Dates
New Orleans, LA Feb. 21–26 Feb. 27 Denver, CO Feb. 21–26
Milwaukee, WI Feb. 21–26 Feb. 27 Dallas, TX March 6–11
San Diego, CA Feb. 28– March 4 March 5 Miami, FL March 13–18
Kansas City, MO Feb. 28– March 4 March 5 Sacramento, CA April 10–15
Houston, TX Feb. 28– March 4 March 5 Boston, MA April 17–22
Norfolk, VA Feb. 28– March 4 March 5 Charlotte, NC May 1–6
Scottsdale, AZ March 6–11 March 12 Pittsburgh, PA May 15–20
Indianapolis, IN March 6–11 March 12
Boston, MA March 6–11 March 12 Certified Welding Educator (CWE)
Perrysburg, OH Exam only March 12
Miami, FL March 13–18 March 19 Seminar and exam are given at all sites listed under Certified
Birmingham, AL March 13–18 March 19 Welding Inspector. Seminar attendees will not attend the Code
Chicago, IL March 13–18 March 19 Clinic portion of the seminar (usually the first two days).
Springfield, MO March 13–18 March 19
Dallas, TX March 13–18 March. 19
Miami, FL Exam only April 7 Certified Welding Sales Representative
Minneapolis, MN April 3–8 April 9 (CWSR)
Las Vegas, NV April 3–8 April 9
Portland, OR April 3–8 April 9 CWSR exams will be given at CWI exam sites.
St. Louis, MO Exam only April 9
San Francisco, CA April 10–15 April 16 Certified Welding Supervisor (CWS)
Annapolis, MD April 10–15 April 16
Nashville, TN April 10–15 April 16 CWS exams are also given at all CWI exam sites.
Detroit, MI April 17–22 April 23 Location Seminar Dates Exam Date
Corpus Christi, TX April 17–22 April 23 New Orleans, LA April 4–8 April 9
Fresno, CA May 1–6 May 7 Cleveland, OH Sept. 19–23 Sept. 24
Miami, FL May 1–6 May 7 Norfolk, VA Oct. 17–21 Oct. 22
Albuquerque, NM May 1–6 May 7
Syracuse, NY May 1–6 May 7
Oklahoma City, OK May 1–6 May 7 Certified Radiographic Interpreter (CRI)
Rapid City, SD May 1–6 May 7
Knoxville, TX Exam only May 21 The CRI certification can be a stand-alone credential or can
Jacksonville, FL May 15–20 May 21 exempt you from your next 9-Year Recertification.
Hutchinson, KS May 15–20 May 21
Houston, TX May 15–20 May 21 Location Seminar Dates
Spokane, WA May 15–20 May 21 Seattle, WA Feb. 22–26 Feb. 27
Bakersfield, CA June 5–10 June 11 Houston, TX March 14–18 March 19
New Orleans, LA June 5–10 June 11 San Francisco, CA April 11–15 April 16
Duluth, MN June 5–10 June 11 Las Vegas, NV May 2–6 May 7
Pittsburgh, PA June 5–10 June 11 Cleveland, OH June 6–10 June 11
Miami, FL Exam only June 16
Hartford, CT June 12–17 June 18
Orlando, FL June 12–17 June 18
Certified Robotic Arc Welding (CRAW)
Memphis, TX June 12–17 June 18 ABB, Inc., Auburn Hills, MI; (248) 391–8421
Beaumont, TX June 12–17 June 18 OTC Daihen, Inc., Tipp City, OH; (937) 667-0800, ext. 218
Los Angeles, CA July 10–15 July 16 Lincoln Electric Co., Cleveland, OH; (216) 383-8542
Louisville, KY July 10–15 July 16 Genesis-Systems Group, Davenport, IA; (563) 445-5688
Omaha, NE July 10–15 July 16 Wolf Robotics, Fort Collins, CO; (970) 225-7736
Cleveland, OH July 10–15 July 16 On request at MATC, Milwaukee, WI; (414) 456-5454

IMPORTANT: This schedule is subject to change without notice. Please verify your event dates with the Certification Dept. to confirm your
course status before making travel plans. Applications are to be received at least six weeks prior to the seminar/exam or exam. Applications
received after that time will be assessed a $350 Fast Track fee. Please verify application deadline dates by visiting our website
aws.org/certification/docs/schedules.html. For information on AWS seminars and certification programs, or to register online, visit
aws.org/certification or call (800/305) 443-9353, ext. 273, for Certification; or ext. 455 for Seminars.

Inspection Trends / Winter 2016 31

 Advertiser Index

American Society for Nondestructive Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Gradient Lens Corp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

asnt.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 222-2768 gradientlens.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 536-0790

AWS Education Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7, 19 Hobart Institute of Welding Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

aws.org/education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 443-9353, ext. 455 welding.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 332-9448

AWS Member Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11, 15 Intertest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

aws.org/membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 443-9353, ext. 480 intertest.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(908) 496-8008

AWS Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Navitus Energy Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

aws.org/publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 443-9353 navituseng.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(888 .662-4185

AWS Technical Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 NDT Consulting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

aws.org/technical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 443-9353, ext. 340 ndt-cgi.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(817) 845-7872

Central Piedmont Community College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 NDT Seals, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

cpcc.edu/ndet/onlinetraining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(704) 330-4558 ndtseals.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 261-6261

FABTECH Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Inside Back Cover Olympus NDT, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Inside Front Cover
fabtechmexico.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 443-9353, ext. 297 olympus-ims.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(781) 419-3900

Fischer Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 SciAps, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Outside Back Cover

fischer-technology.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(860) 683-0781 sciaps.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(339) 927-9455

FlawTech, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Triangle Engineering, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

flawtech.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(704) 795-4401 trieng.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(781) 878-1500

G.A.L. Gage Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Welder Training & Testing Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
galgage.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(269) 465-5750 wttiweldtestcoupons.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 223-9884

Visit Our Interactive Ad Index: www.aws.org/ad-index

Classified Ads

2016
CWI PREPARATORY
80+ HOUR COURSE
MORE HANDS­ON/PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
Ellijay, GA Apr. 25–May 6
Pascagoula, MS Mar. 7–18, May 9–20
Marksville, LA May 23–June 3
Houston, TX Mar. 21–Apr. 1
Ardmore, OK Apr. 11–22

+ Includes additional self study for weekend

FOR DETAILS, CALL OR E­MAIL:
(800) 489­2890
info@realeducational.com
Also offering: RT Film Interpretation,
Applications of Welding Inspection,
MT/PT/UT Thickness, CWS, SCWI,
Welding Procedure Fundamentals,
and Advanced Inspection Courses

32 Inspection Trends / February 2016


Join or Renew:
CONTACT INFORMATION
q New Member q Renewal
AWS MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION
Mail: Form with your payment, to AWS Call: Membership Department at (800) 443-9353, ext. 480
Fax: Completed form to (305) 443-5647 Online: www.aws.org/membership 8669 NW 36 St, # 130
Miami, FL 33166-6672
Telephone (800) 443-9353
FAX (305) 443-5647
Visit our website: www.aws.org

q Mr. q Ms. q Mrs. q Dr. Please print • Duplicate this page as needed Type of Business (Check ONE only)
A q Contract construction
Last Name:_______________________________________________________________________________
B q Chemicals & allied products
C q Petroleum & coal industries
First Name:___________________________________________________________________ M.I:_______
D q Primary metal industries
E q Fabricated metal products
Birthdate: _____________________________ E-Mail:____________________________________________
F q Machinery except elect. (incl. gas welding)
G q Electrical equip., supplies, electrodes
Cell Phone ( )__________________________ Secondary Phone ( )______________________
H q Transportation equip. — air, aerospace
Were you ever an AWS Member? q YES q NO If “YES,” give year________ and Member #:____________________ I q Transportation equip. — automotive
J q Transportation equip. — boats, ships
Company (if applicable):___________________________________________________________________ K q Transportation equip. — railroad
L q Utilities
Address:________________________________________________________________________________ M q Welding distributors & retail trade
N q Misc. repair services (incl. welding shops)
_______________________________________________________________________________________ O q Educational Services (univ., libraries, schools)
P q Engineering & architectural services (incl. assns.)
City:_____________________________________State/Province:__________________________________ Q q Misc. business services (incl. commercial labs)
R q Government (federal, state, local)
Zip/PostalCode:_____________________Country:______________________________________________ S q Other

Œ Who pays your dues?: q Company q Self-paid  Sex: q Male q Female Job Classification (Check ONE only)
01 q President, owner, partner, officer
Ž Education level: q High school diploma q Associate’s q Bachelor’s q Master’s q Doctoral
02 q Manager, director, superintendent (or assistant)
q Check here if you learned of the Society through an AWS Member? Member’s name:_______________________Member’s # (if known):________ 03 q Sales
04 q Purchasing
q Check here if you would prefer not to receive email updates on AWS programs, new Member benefits, savings opportunities and events.
05 q Engineer — welding
20 q Engineer — design
INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP 21 q Engineer — manufacturing
06 q Engineer — other
è Please check each box that applies to the Membership or service you’d like, and then add the cost together to get your Total Payment. 10 q Architect designer
q AWS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP (One Year)......................................................................................................$87 12 q Metallurgist
13 q Research & development
AWS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP (Two Years) SAVE $25 New Members Only....................................$149 22 q Quality control
07 q Inspector, tester
q New Member Initiation Fee ...........................................................................................................................................$12
08 q Supervisor, foreman
OPTIONS AVAILABLE TO AWS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS ONLY: 14 q Technician
09 q Welder, welding or cutting operator
A.) OPTIONAL Book Selection (Choose from 25 titles; up to a $192 value; includes shipping & handling) 11 q Consultant
q Individual Members in the U.S..................................................................................................................................$35 15 q Educator
17 q Librarian
q Individual Members outside the U.S (includes International shipping)...........................................................................$85 16 q Student
ONLY ONE SELECTION PLEASE. For more book choices visit https://app.aws.org/membership/books 18 q Customer Service
q Jefferson’s Welding Encyc.(CD-ROM only) q Design & Planning Manual for Cost-Effective Welding q Welding Metallurgy q Welding Inspection Handbook 19 q Other

Welding Handbook Selections: q WHB (9th Ed., Vol. 5) q WHB (9th Ed., Vol. 4) q WHB (9th Ed., Vol. 3) q WHB (9th Ed., Vol. 2) q WH (9th Ed., Vol. 1) Technical Interests (Check all that apply)
Pocket Handbook Selections: q PHB-1 (Arc Welding Steel) q PHB-2 (Visual Inspection) q PHB-4 (GMAW / FCAW) A q Ferrous metals
B q Aluminum
B.) OPTIONAL Welding Journal Hard Copy (for Members outside North America) C q Nonferrous metals except aluminum
q Individual Members outside North America (note: digital delivery of WJ is standard)..............................................$50 D q Advanced materials/Intermetallics
E q Ceramics
INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP TOTAL PAYMENT..................................................................................$_____________ F q High energy beam processes
NOTE: Dues include $17.30 for Welding Journal subscription and $4.00 for the AWS Foundation. G q Arc welding
H q Brazing and soldering
I q Resistance welding
STUDENT MEMBERSHIP J q Thermal spray
K q Cutting
q AWS STUDENT MEMBERSHIP (with digital Welding Journal magazine)................................................$15 L q NDT
M q Safety and health
q AWS STUDENT MEMBERSHIP (with hard copy Welding Journal magazine)..............................................$35
N q Bending and shearing
Option available only to students in U.S., Canada & Mexico.
O q Roll forming
P q Stamping and punching
PAYMENT INFORMATION Q q Aerospace
R q Automotive
Payment can be made (in U.S. dollars) by check or money order (international or foreign), payable to the American Welding Society, or by charge card. S q Machinery
q Check q Money Order q AMEX q Diners Club q MasterCard q Visa q Discover q Other T q Marine
U q Piping and tubing
CC#:____________ / ____________ / ____________ / ____________ Expiration Date (mm/yy) ________ / ________ V q Pressure vessels and tanks
W q Sheet metal
X q Structures
Signature of Applicant:_________________________________________ Application Date:_______________________
Y q Other
Z q Automation
OFFICE USE ONLY Check #:_______________________________ Account #____________________________________ 1 q Robotics
Source Code: IT Date:_________________________________ Amount:_____________________________________ 2 q Computerization of Welding
REV. 11/15
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index