Homework #2 Solution

Q1:
1) For A1 :

⎡λ − 1 − 2 ⎤
det(λI − A1 ) = det ⎢ ⎥ = λ − 4λ + 3 − 8 = λ − 4λ − 5 = (λ − 5)(λ + 1)
2 2

⎣ − 4 λ − 3⎦
λ1 = 5, λ 2 = −1

2) For A2 :

⎡λ + 4 8 ⎤
det(λI − A2 ) = det ⎢ ⎥ = λ2 + 4λ + 8 = (λ + 2) 2 + 4 = (λ + 2 − 2 j )(λ + 2 + 2 j )
⎣ −1 λ⎦
λ1 = −2 + 2 j , λ 2 = −2 − 2 j

3) For A3 :

⎡λ − 1 0 0 ⎤
det(λI − A3 ) = det ⎢ − 2 λ − 1 ⎥⎥ = (λ − 1)(λ2 + 3λ + 2) = (λ − 1)(λ + 1)(λ + 2)
⎢
⎢⎣ − 3 2 λ + 3⎥⎦
λ1 = 1, λ 2 = −1, λ3 = −2

In the following, we use rk to denote the kth row. There are different ways to simplify
a matrix. You need to show the clear procedure.

Q2: For A1

2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1
1 −1 0 ⎯r⎯
⎯
2*2
→ 2 −2 0 ⎯r⎯ ⎯⎯→ 0 − 5 − 1 ⎯r⎯
2 − r1→ r 2
⎯⎯→ 0 − 5 − 1
3− r 2 → r 3
r 3+ r1→ r 3
−1 − 4 −1 − 2 −8 − 2 0 − 5 −1
r 3*2
0 0 0
2 3
≠0
0 −5
rank ( A1 ) = 2
For A2
0 1 2 0 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 1 ⎯switch
⎯ ⎯r⎯ ⎯⎯→ 0 1 2 0
1 and r 2
then r 3+ r1→ r 3
−1 1 0 1 0 1 1 2
1 0 1
0 1 2 ≠0
0 0 −1
rank ( A2 ) = 3

For A3
0 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 2
⎯switch
⎯ ⎯r⎯ ⎯⎯→ ⎯r⎯ ⎯⎯→
3− r 2 → r 3
− 1 1 0 1 then r 3+ r1→r 3
1, r 2
0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0
r 4 − 2 r1→ r 4
2 0 −2 1 0 0 − 4 −1 0 0 − 4 −1
1 0 1
0 1 1 ≠0
0 0 −4
rank ( A3 ) = 3

Q3:

For A1 :
2 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 2 1 1 0
1 1 0 1 0 0.5 − 0.5 1 0 0.5 − 0.5 1
det = ⎯r⎯ ⎯ ⎯⎯→ det
2 − r 1*0.5→ r 2
= ⎯r⎯ ⎯⎯ ⎯→ det
4 − r 2*3→ r 4
0 0 1 −1 r 4 + r 1*0.5→ r 4 0 0 1 −1 0 0 1 −1
−1 1 0 2 0 1.5 0.5 2 0 0 2 −1
2 1 1 0
0 0.5 − 0.5 1
= ⎯r⎯ ⎯ ⎯→ det
4 − r 3*2
=1
0 0 1 −1
0 0 0 1
For A2 :
0 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 −1 0 −1
det = ⎯switch
⎯ ⎯r1⎯ ⎯→ = − det
and r 4
= ⎯r⎯ ⎯⎯→ = − det
2 − r 1→ r 2
0 1 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 2
1 1 1 1 0 2 1 3 0 2 1 3
−1 0 −1 −1 0 −1
0 1
= −(1) 1 0 2 = ⎯r⎯ ⎯⎯ ⎯→ = −(1) 0 0 1 = −(1)(−1)
2 + r1→ r 2
= −(1)(−1)(−1) = −1
r 3+ r1*2→ r 3 1 1
2 1 3 0 1 1