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Code No: 09A50105 R09 Set No. 2

III B.Tech I Semester Examinations,May/June 2012
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING - I
Civil Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) With the help of neat sketch explain the classification of alluvial canals.
(b) State what do you understand by regime conditions. Derive the relationship
between Velocity, Discharge and silt factor based on Lacey’s concept. [7+8]

floating and land pans.

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2. (a) Define pan co-efficient. Discuss the relative merits and demerits of sunken,

(b) Describe the ISI standard evaporation pan with a neat sketch.

3. (a) Write short note on the following:

i. Major projects
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(c) Describe how the evaporation is measured using atmometers. [5+5+5]

ii. Medium Projects

iii. Minor Projects.

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(b) Write a detailed note on Planning of irrigation projects. [9+6]

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4. (a) Explain Consumptive use of water. State the various factors that affect con-
sumptive use.

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(b) A stream of 190 liters per second was diverted from a canal and 130 liters per

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second was diverted to field. An area of 2.00 hectares of land was irrigated in
8hours. The effective depth of root zone was 1.60 m. The runoff loss in the field
was found to be 400 cu. m. The depth of water penetration varies linearly from
1.70 m at head end to 1.30 m at the tail end. Available soil moisture holding is
25 cm per meter depth of soil. Determine water conveyance efficiency, water
application efficiency, water storage efficiency, water distribution efficiency.
Assume that irrigation has started at a moisture extraction level of 50% of
available moisture. [7+8]

5. (a) Explain synthetic unit hydrograph.

(b) A drainage basin has an area of 1700 km2 . Construct a 6-hour unit hydro-
graph, the data is given below:
Length of the longest water course = 82km
Length along the main water course from the Gauging station to a point op-
posite the centroid Of the basin = 48 km
From another catchment, which is meteorologically and hydrologically homo-
geneous, the constants obtained : Ct = 1.2, Cp = 5

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Code No: 09A50105 R09 Set No. 2

(c) The following are the ordinates of a 6 hr UG for a basin:
T ime(hr) : 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48
6 − hr U GO(cumec) : 0 20 56 98 127 147 156 154 140
T ime(hr) : 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96
6 − hr U GO(cumec) : 122 107 93 78 65 52 41 30
T ime(hr) : 102 108 114 120 126 132 138 144
6 − hr U GO(cumec) : 20.7 14.5 10 6.7 4.5 2.2 1.1 0
Details of the gauged basin: A = 3230 km2 , L = 150 km, Lca = 76 km, Another
basin which is meteorologically and hydrologically similar has the following
details. Derive a 6-hour synthetic - unit hydrograph for the ungauged basin.
[15]
6. (a) Compute the stream flow by mid section method.
Distance(m)
Depth (m)
0
0
Velocity (m/s) at 0.2 d 0
0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2
0.4 1.4 2.3 2.6
0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7
4.0
2.3

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0.9D
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Velocity (m/s) at 0.8 d 0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6
Distance (m) 4.8 5.6 6.4 7.2 8.0 8.8

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Depth (m) 1.5 1.7 1.4 0.7 0.4 0
Velocity (m/s) at 0.2 d 0.85 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0
Velocity (m/s) at 0.8 d 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0
(b) Define the following:

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i. Probable maximum flood
ii. Maximum Known flood

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iii. Design flood. [9+6]
7. An irrigation tank has a catchment area of 30 km2 and the a.a.r. is 90 cm. Assum-
ing that only 20% of the dependable rainfall is the runoff available, calculate the

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following:
(a) Capacity of the tank assuming that it fills one and a half times in a year.
(b) Assuming a total depth of irrigation water for rice crop for 120 days as 1.25m
and 30% losses. What area of rice crop can come under the tank?
(c) Work out the tank duty, field duty and the discharge required at the tank
outlet. [15]
8. (a) In a certain alluvial basin of 120 km2 , 100 Mm3 of ground water was pumped in
a year and the ground water table dropped by 5 m during the year. Assuming
no replenishment, estimate the specific yield of the aquifer. If the specific
retention is 12%, what is the porosity of the soil?
(b) An artesian aquifer 25-m thick has a porosity of 17% and bulk modulus of
compression 2400 kg/ cm2 . Estimate the storage coefficient of the aquifer.
What fraction of this is attributable to the expansibility of water?
Bulk modulus of elasticity of water = 2.14 × 104 kg/cm2 . [7+8]

?????

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Code No: 09A50105 R09 Set No. 4

III B.Tech I Semester Examinations,May/June 2012
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING - I
Civil Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Write a short note on following types of lining.

i. Precast concrete lining
ii. Shot-Crete lining

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iii. Asphalt concrete lining.
(b) Explain the design procedure of canal by Laceys theory given Discharge and
silt factor.

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2. (a) Briefly explain the essential factors affecting the runoff from basin.
[8+7]

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(b) Describe the various current meters used to measure velocity in a stream.
[7+8]

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3. Write a short note on:

(a) Isohyet

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(c) Double-mass curve U
(b) Orographic precipitation

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(d) Depth-area-duration curve [15]

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4. (a) Describe the Recovery test method to determine the transmissivity of the
aquifer.
(b) An undisturbed rock sample has an over-dry weight of 1305 gm. When it
is completely saturated with kerosene it weighed 1463 gm. The saturated
sample, when immersed in kerosene, displaced 605 gm of kerosene. What is
the porosity of the sample. [7+8]

5. (a) Describe the step by step procedure of the derivation of unit hydrograph from
an isolated storm.
(b) A 6 h unit hydrograph of a basin has a peak ordinate of 96 m3 /s. When the
baseflow in the stream is 25 m3 /s, and when the basin has reached its minimum
infiltration capacity of 2.5 mm/h, a 6 h storm with 18.3 cm of total rainfall
had occurred on the basin. What is the magnitude of the peak discharge in
the flood hydrograph produced by this storm? [7+8]

6. (a) With the help of neat sketch explain soil textural classification chart.

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Code No: 09A50105 R09 Set No. 4

(b) A stream of 200 liters per second was diverted from a canal and 170 liters per
second was diverted to field. An area of 1.90 hectares of land was irrigated in
8hours. The effective depth of root zone was 1.60 m. The runoff loss in the field
was found to be 410 cu. m. The depth of water penetration varies linearly from
1.50 m at head end to 1.00 m at the tail end. Available soil moisture holding is
25 cm per meter depth of soil. Determine water conveyance efficiency, water
application efficiency, water storage efficiency, water distribution efficiency.
Assume that irrigation has started at a moisture extraction level of 50% of
available moisture. [7+8]

7. For a given basin, the following are the infiltration capacity rates at various time
intervals after the beginning of the storm. Make a plot of the f-curve and establish
an equation of the form developed by Horton for infiltration curve. Also determine
the total rain and the excess rain (runoff).

Time (min)

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Precipitation(cm/hr) Infiltration Capacity(cm/hr)
[15]

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1 5.0 4.3
2 5.0 3.9

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3 5.0 3.5
4 5.0 3.2
5 6.5 3.0
6
8
10

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7.5
7.5
2.8
2.4
2.2

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12 7.5 2.1
14 7.5 2.0

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16
18
20
22
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
1.9
1.85
1.8
1.8

8. For a depth of water application of 60 mm and average rate of 55 mm per hour

determine the following:

(a) The optimal length of border strip if the discharge source of water is 25 lts/sec
and width of each border is 10 m.
(b) The inflow rate if the length of each border strip is 250 m and width is 12.5m.
(c) The width of each border strip if the discharge of the source of water is
25lts/sec and its length 250 m.
(d) Time of irrigation for each case.

Assume slope of Border for each case as 0.25%. [15]

?????

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Code No: 09A50105 R09 Set No. 1

III B.Tech I Semester Examinations,May/June 2012
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING - I
Civil Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Explain Area-slope and Slope methods to compute discharge in stream.

(b) Write a note on flood-frequency analysis. [7+8]

2. Define and explain the following terms:

(a) Crop ratio

(b) Kor water depth.

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(c) Number of Waterings
(d) Base Period.

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3. (a) What is rain-gauge density? How does it affect the accuracy of rainfall mea-
surements?
[15]

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(b) Define water equivalent of snow and explain how you estimate snow melt?
[8+7]

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4. (a) Describe the Theis method of determining the aquifer parameters using the
pumping test data.

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(b) Explain the Chow’s method of determining the aquifer parameters using the

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pumping test data.

5. (a) Explain how soil properties affect the irrigation requirements?

[7+8]

(b) Describe with the help of sketch various forms of soil moisture. Which of these
soil moistures is mainly available for utilization by the plants? [7+8]

6. (a) Design of canal section using Kennedy’s theory to carry a discharge of 46cumecs.
Assume N = 0.0225, m = 1 and B/D ratio as 8.
(b) Write the different types of buried membrane lining. Discuss them in brief.
[9+6]

7. (a) Describe how unit hydrograph can be used to predict the runoff from storms.
(b) What do you understand by synthetic unit hydrograph? Explain how it is
derived.
(c) What is a dimensionless unit hydrograph? How is it useful in constructing a
synthetic unit hydrograph of the basin. [5+5+5]

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Code No: 09A50105 R09 Set No. 1

8. Compute the weekly evaporation from a reservoir using the water-budget method
from the following data recorded during the week:
Average inflow into the reservoir = 32.5 m3 /s
Average outflow from the reservoir = 40.2 m3 /s
Rainfall during the week = 73.6 mm
Average water spread area = 15.8 km2
Estimated seepage = 0.25 million m3
Storage at the beginning of the week = 9180 ha-m
Storage at the end of the week = 8360 ha-m
[15]

?????

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Code No: 09A50105 R09 Set No. 3

III B.Tech I Semester Examinations,May/June 2012
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING - I
Civil Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. A tubwell penetrates fully an unconfined aquifer. Calculate the discharge from the
well in lpm from the following data:
Diameter of the well = 30 cm
Drawdown in the well = 3 m
Effective length of the strainer under the above drawdown = 10 m
Coefficient of permeability of the aquifer = 40 m/day
Radius of zero drawdown = 300 m.

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2. (a) Describe the three methods of determining the average depth of rainfall over
an area. Bring out the merits and demerits of each method.
(b) During a month a raingauge went out of order while the other three gauges
in the basin reported rainfalls of 107, 89 and 120 mm. If the normal annual

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rainfalls of these three gauges are 1120,935 and 1200 mm respectively and the
normal annual rainfall of the broken gauge is 978 mm, estimate the missing
monthly rainfall at the broken gauge. [7+8]

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3. (a) Write a short note on the following:
i. Consumptive use and it’s estimation

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ii. Factors affecting the water requirement of crops.

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(b) Define water logging and list out methods to control the same.

4. (a) Define hydrograph. Draw a single-peaked hydrograph and indicate its various
components.
[11+4]

(b) It is ascertained that various factors affect the shape of the flood hydrograph.
What are those factors? Grouping the above under rainfall factors, loss fac-
tors and physiographic factors, indicate how all these affect the shape of the
hydrograph. [7+8]

5. (a) What is regional flood frequency analysis? Explain stepwise procedure for
homogeneity test and regional flood frequency analysis in an area.
(b) Explain the concept of SCS method of runoff computation in any area.[11+4]

6. (a) What are Lacey’s basic regime equations? Starting from these equations derive
the equations for the relationship between velocity, silt factor and discharge
(b) Write short notes on:
i. Alluvial and Non-alluvial soils.
ii. Water-shed canals and contour canals. [7+8]

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Code No: 09A50105 R09 Set No. 3

7. Estimate the evaporation from a free water surface on November 30th from the
following data using Penman’s equation:
Latitude of the place: 1800 45’ N;
Air temperature = 250 C
Actual vapour pressure in air = 15.0 mm of mercury
Actual sunshine hours: 6.5;
Atmospheric pressure: 955 mm of mercury
Wind velocity 2 m above ground: 2.8 m/s. [15]

8. (a) The following data pertains to a check basin system.

i. Size of check basin = 12 m × 50 m.
ii. Cumulative infiltration Ic = 9.0 t0.40 , in which Ic is in mm and t is in

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minutes.
iii. Advance function.
A. L = 5.6 t0.60
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B. L = 8.0 t0.60
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for a stream size of 1.60 lps/m.

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for a stream size of 3.20 lps/m.
iv. Depth of irrigation = 70 mm.
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Calculate the following:
i. Deep Percolation losses
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ii. Water Application efficiency
iii. Time of Irrigation.
(b) Explain how furrow system stream size is determined. [11+4]

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