30820-Communication Systems

Week 2-3 – Lecture 4-9

(Ref: Chapter 2 of text book)

SIGNALS AND SIGNAL SPACE

 Contents

• Signals

• Classification of Signals

• Signal Comparison: Correlation, Cross Correlation Function

• Auto Correlation Function

• Orthogonal Signal Set

• Review of Fourier Series and Fourier Transform and their Properties

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 Signals

• A signal is a set of information or data.

• Examples
– a telephone or television signal,
– monthly sales of a corporation,
– the daily closing prices of a stock market.

• Signal is a function of a dependent variable against an

independent one.
– For our present course the independent variable is time.

• We deal exclusively with signals that are functions of time.

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 Classifications of Signals

• Continuous-time and discrete-time signals

• Analog and digital signals

• Periodic and aperiodic signals

• Energy and power signals

• Deterministic and probabilistic signals

• Other Classifications
– even / odd signals,
– One-dimensional / Multi-dimensional

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 Continuous-time and discrete-time
Signals
• A signal that is specified for every value of time t is a
continuous-time signal.
• A signal that is specified only at discrete values of t is a
discrete-time signals.

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Continuous-time and discrete-time
Signals (continued)

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 Analog and digital signals

• A signal whose amplitude can take

on any value in a continuous range is
an analog signal.
• A signal whose amplitude can take a
finite number of values is a digital
signal.
• The concept of analog and digital
signals is different from the concept
of continuous-time and discrete-
time signals.
• For example, we can have a digital
and continuous-time signal, or a
analog and discrete-time signal.

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Periodic and Aperiodic Signals

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Periodic Signal

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Energy and Power signal

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