Problemaze Dafuznebuli Swavla

erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri
problemaze dafuZnebuli
swavla
meTodologiuri saxelmZRvanelo saskolo

saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebisaTvis
Tbilisi 2008
wignze muSaobdnen:
simon janaSia
Sorena saZagliSvili
mzia wereTeli
Tea berZeniSvili
kaxa gabunia
giorgi gaxelaZe
zaqro giunaSvili
nino doborjginiZe
giorgi zedginiZe
rusudan TayaiSvili
marika kapanaZe
ekaterine korZaZe
maia meliqiZe
ana mxeiZe
buba oCiauri
manana ratiani
irine samsonia
naTia saRinaZe
TinaTin salayaia
marika sixaruliZe
ekaterine slovinski
marina CxikvaZe
Tamar jayeli
ISBN 978-9941-0-0543-5 (yvela nawilis)
ISBN 978-9941-0-0544-2 (meore nawilis)

sarCevi
winasityvaoba.................................................................................................... 4
Tavi pirveli ................................................................................................... 5
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla .................................................................. 5
Sesavali ...................................................................................................... 5
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis praqtikuli mniSvneloba ..............7
ra aris problemuri situacia/amocana.................................................... 8
problemis gadaWris cikli ......................................................................14
Tavi meore ...................................................................................................... 17
problemuri amocanebis gadaWris ori strategia ................................... 17
kritikuli azrovneba ............................................................................... 17
SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba ...........................................................................18
kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi strategiebis Sedareba .......................... 20
Tavi mesame ......................................................................................................21
problemuri amocanis tipebi sxvadasxva sagnebidan ..................................21
problemuri amocanis tipebi qarTul enasa da literaturaSi .........21
problemuri amocanis tipebi sazogadoebriv mecnierebebSi ............. 23
istoria ...................................................................................................... 23
problemuri amocanis tipebi ucxo enaSi .............................................. 35
problemuri amocanis tipebi saxviT da gamoyenebiT
xelovnebaSi/SromiT swavlebaSi ................................................. 37
problemuri amocanis tipebi musikaSi .................................................. 38
problemuri amocanis tipebi maTematikaSi ......................................... 40
problemuri amocanis tipebi sabunebismetyvelo sagnebSi ................ 44
Tavi meoTxe .................................................................................................... 47
problemuri amocanebis gadaWra sxvadasxva sagnebSi kritikuli da
SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis gamoyenebiT ...................................................... 47
qarTuli ena da literatura .................................................................. 47
sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebi ................................................................. 49
ucxo ena .................................................................................................... 63
saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovneba/SromiTi swavleba ..................... 76
musika ......................................................................................................... 80
maTematika ................................................................................................. 84
bunebismetyveleba .................................................................................... 97
Tavi mexuTe ................................................................................................... 112
ZiriTadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi ..................................................... 112
gamoyenebuli literatura ........................................................................ 118
3
winasityvaoba
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis (esg) mixedviT, swavla niSnavs informaci-

is SeZenas, unar-Cvevebisa da damokidebulebebis ganviTarebas. erovnuli
saswavlo gegmebis da Sefasebis centri gTavazobT meToduri saxelmZR-
vaneloebis serias, romelic moicavs rekomendaciebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ro-
gor unda moxdes aRniSnuli unar-Cvevebis efeqturi swavleba da ganviTa-
reba.
2007 wels gamoica pirveli meToduri saxelmZRvanelo „rogor vaswav-
loT moswavleebs azrovneba“, romlis mizania saazrovno unarebis ganvi-
TarebasTan dakavSirebuli mosazrebebis mowodeba, kerZod, igi Seicavs
sasargeblo rekomendaciebs azrovnebis zeda doneebis ganviTarebasTan da-
kavSirebiT blumis taqsonomiis WrilSi.
amjerad gTavazobT meore meTodur saxelmZRvanelos „problemaze da-
fuZnebuli swavla“. masSi ganxilulia iseTi aqtualuri sakiTxebi, ro-
goricaa problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis mniSvneloba, problemuri amo-
canebis gadaWris strategiebi, problemuri amocanebis tipebi. wignSi mo-
cemulia magaliTebi sxvadasxva saswavlo disciplinidan.
esg-is mixedviT, ZiriTadi aqcenti mimarTulia swored unar-Cvevebis
ganviTarebaze. am TvalsazrisiT, meToduri saxelmZRvaneloebi iqneba sa-
sargeblo saganmanaTleblo resursi dainteresebuli pirebisaTvis. gansa-
kuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, rom meToduri wignis SeqmnaSi Car-
Tulia sxvadasxva sagnobrivi eqsperti. amis Sedegad wigni mravalferova-
nia, praqtikul xasiaTisaa da Sesabamisad, daakmayofilebs sxvadasxva spe-
cialobis warmomadgenlebis gemovnebas.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis da Sefasebis centri

2008
4
Tavi pirveli
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla
Sesavali
ganaTlebis specialistebis mTavari sazrunavia, rom moswavleebma SeZlon

skolaSi SeZenili codnisa da unar-Cvevebis cxovrebiseuli problemebis
gadasaWrelad gamoyeneba. swored amitomaa metad mniSvnelovani, rom skolam,
sagnobriv codnasTan da unar-CvevebTan erTad, moswavleebs ganuviTaros
problemebis gadaWris unari. igi moswavleebs ara mxolod yoveldRiuri
cxovrebiseuli moTxovnebis mogvarebaSi (mag.: pirovnuli, socialuri
da sazogadoebrivi gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad) gamoadgebaT, aramed
formalur saganmanaTleblo garemoSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad da momaval
profesiul karieraSi warmatebis misaRwevadac. problemaze dafuZnebuli
swavla aris moswavleze orientirebuli swavlebis strategia. aseTi
tipis swavlebis dros moswavleebi realuri cxovrebiseuli problemebis
kvlevis gziT iZenen mniSvnelovan gamocdilebas, romelic maT mTeli
cxovrebis manZilze gamoadgebaT warmatebebis miRwevaSi.
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla aris ganaTlebisadmi zogadi midgoma,
romelic pirvelad gamoiyenes kanadelma specialistebma. dRes problemaze
dafuZnebuli swavla gamoiyeneba rogorc umaRles saswavleblebSi, aseve
zogadi ganaTlebis sistemaSi. kvlevebi adasturebs, rom am midgomiT
ganaTlebamiRebuli moswavleebi warmatebebs aRweven profesiul
cxovrebaSic da akademiur sferoSic. isini kargad da Tavisuflad
axerxeben swavlis gagrZelebas.
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis midgomas axasiaTebs sami ZiriTadi

aspeqti:
9 swavla eyrdnoba Riad dasmul problemur SekiTxvebs;

9 moswavleebi muSaoben mcire jgufebSi;
9 maswavlebeli aris ”fasilitatoris” rolSi, ris Sedegadac mo-
swavle iRebs met pirovnul pasuxismgeblobas sakuTar swavlaze da
xdeba aqtiuri Semmecnebeli.
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla exeba rogorc kurikulums, ise

processac. problemaze dafuZnebuli kurikulumi Sedgeba specialurad
SerCeuli problemebisagan, romelic moswavlisagan moiTxovs damatebiTi
codnis SeZenas, problemis gadaWraSi daxelovnebas, sakuTar Tavze
orientirebul swavlis strategiebs da jgufuri muSaobis unar-Cvevebs.
problemaze dafuZnebuli kurikulumi xels uwyobs aqtiur swavlebas,
5
codnis sistematizacias da bunebrivad axdens skolaSi miRebuli codnis
realur cxovrebasTan integrirebas.
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis procesi moswavles ayenebs aqtiuri
Semmecneblis rolSi, romelsac uxdeba wamoWril problemebTan gamklaveba.
kerZod, problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlebisas moswavle awydeba problemas,
romlis gadaWrac mas uWirs mxolod im codniT, romelic aqvs. am mizniT
igi arkvevs, Tu ra unda icodes dasmuli problemis ukeT gasagebad. am
procesSi moswavle aqtiuria, mimarTavs TviTganaTlebas, eZebs saWiro
informacias (wignebs, gamokvlevebs, angariSebs, eleqtronul informacias)
da a.S. amis Semdeg moswavle, aRWurvili axali codniT, kvlav ubrundeba
problemas da axerexebs mis gadaWras. bolos, moswavle afasebs sakuTar
Tavs – TviTSefaseba aris moswavlis arsebiTi unar-Cveva, rac mas exmareba
efeqtian, damoukidebel swavalaSi.
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis dros moswavle aris problemis
gadamWreli, romelic cdilobs problemis gagebas, eZebs gamosavals da
am problemis mogvarebis saukeTeso gzas. problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla
mimdinareobs Ria da mxardamWer garemoSi, sadac moswavle aris aqtiuri
da sakuTar Tavze orientirebuli, xolo maswavlebeli – TanamSromeli,
romelic moswavles aCvenebs swavlis mimarT enTuziazmisa da interesis
magaliTs. aSkaraa, rom problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlebis dros
maswavlebeli-moswavlis tradiciuli rolebi icvleba. moswavleebis
swavlisadmi pasuxismgebloba TandaTanobiT izrdeba, maT uviTardebaT
swavlisadmi maRali motivacia da swavlis kargi unar-Cvevebi. maswavlebeli
ki xdeba mrCeveli, informaciis mimwodebeli da Semfasebeli. igi
xelmZRvanelobs moswavles problemis gadaWris mcdelobebisas.
amrigad, problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla gansakuTrebiT zrdis
moswavlis motivacias. moswavle aris CarTuli aqtiur swavlaSi, muSaobs
realuri problemebis gadaWraze, ris Sedegadac swavla misTvis xdeba
ufro saintereso da saxaliso. problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis procesSi
moswavle imuSavebs kognitur startegiebs, romlebic mas exmareba uCveulo,
moulodneli da ararutinuli situaciis analizSi. aqve unda aRvniSnoT,
rom gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania problemis gadaWra efuZnebodes
araspecifikur, naklebad struqturirebul situacias, romelic mxolod
erTi swori pasuxiT ar Semoifargleba. amgvari problemis mogvareba
ufro daexmareba moswavles realuri cxovrebiseuli problemebis
mogvarebaSi, radganac cxovrebiseuli problemebi ufro kompleqsuria,
sadac ar arsebobs mxolod erTi swori gza. swored amgvari unar-Cvevebis
ganviTareba aris problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlebis ZiriTadi mizani.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis ZiriTadi mizania problemaze dafuZnebuli
swavleba, sxvadasxva sagniT/discipliniT miRebuli codnisa da unar-
Cvevebis integrireba.
6
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis praqtikuli
mniSvneloba
rogorc SesavalSi aRvniSneT, problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis dros

axali codnis SeZena mimdinareobs problemebis ganxilvis konteqstSi.
swavlis amgvari forma gansxvavdeba amocanebis amoxsnis ubralo
procesisagan. kerZod, problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis dros axali
codnis SeZena xdeba aqtualuri saWiroebis safuZvelze, ukve dasmuli
problemis mogvarebis procesSi. am procesis paralelurad ki viTardeba
problemebis gadaWris unaric. marTlac, dasmuli problema ubiZgebs
moswavleebs moiZion da SeiZinon axali codna, romelic saWiroa problemis
gadasaWrelad. erTaderTi swori pasuxis moZebnis sanacvlod moswavle
axdens dasmuli problemis interpretirebas, agrovebs saWiro informacias,
agebs models, gamoTqvams varauds, afasebs da adarebs SesaZlo Sedegebs
da akeTebs daskvnas. niSandoblivia, rom am procesSi codnis SeZena xdeba
evristikulad.
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavliT izrdeba moswavlis motivacia,
radgan moswavle axal codnas iZens gamiznulad. es aviTarebs jgufuri
muSaobis, TanamSromlobis, kritikuli azrovnebisa da komunikaciis
unar-Cvevebs; amgvari swavlisas Zalze mcirea leqciis tipis gakveTilebis
raodenoba. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom moswavleebi damoukideblad moiZieben da
iTviseben axal codnas, xolo maswavleblis roli ZiriTadad daiyvaneba
xelSemwyobis (fasilitatoris) funqciaze.
ra Tqma unda, amgvari midgomisas aucilebelia kurikulumSi
problemebis erTobliobis gulmodgined da gaazrebulad SerCeva.
mniSvneloba unda mieniWos rogorc TiToeul problemas, aseve am
problemebis urTierTkavSirs da Tanmimdevrobas. problemaze dafuZnebuli
swavlis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia ara mxolod maRal, aramed dawyebiT
klasebSic, Tumca am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia adekvaturi
modelis SerCeva dasmuli problemis ukeT warmosaCenad, romlis drosac
moiTxoveba abstraqciis rac SeiZleba dabali done.
tradiciuli, Sinaarsis miwodebaze dafuZnebuli swavlisas moswavleebi
umeteswilad axdenen maswavleblis mier Sesrulebuli procedurebis
imitacias, Rrma konceptualuri gaazrebis gareSe. es ki iwvevs moswavlis
SemoqmedebiTi unaris daqveiTebas. magaliTad, dawyebiT klasebSi, Sekrebisa
da gamravlebis algoriTmis gaazrebis gareSe miwodebis Semdeg, moswavle
Secdomas uSvebs ara marto am algoriTmis gamoyenebisas ricxvebze
moqmedebebis Sesrulebis dros, aramed xSirad am algoriTms uadgilodac
iyenebs. problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlisas ki moswavle damoukideblad
cdilobs sakuTari algoriTmis gamogonebas, rac mas Sekrebisa da
gamravlebis operaciebis gaazrebis saSualebas aZlevs.
7
ra aris problemuri situacia/amocana
amocana maSin iqceva problemad, rodesac misi gadaWris gzebi imTaviTve

ucnobia. garkveuli tipis SekiTxvebi („rogor aris SesaZlebeli..?”
„SeiZleba Tu ara..?”) imis maniSnebelia, rom situacia problemuria.
Tumca, marto amgvari SekiTxvis arseboba ar aris sakmarisi, rom situacia
problemurad CaiTvalos. is, rac erTi moswavlisTvis problemaa, SeiZleba
meorisTvis ar warmoadgendes problemas. yovelive es damokidebulia
problemuri situaciis/amocanis mTel rig Taviseburebebze, kerZod:
(1) swavlebis procesSi miwodebuli problemuri amocana unda iyos

erTgvari gamowveva moswavlisaTvis, Tumca am gamowvevam moswavle ise ar
unda SeaSinos, rom saerTod uari Tqvas amocanis Sesrulebaze. moswavlem
unda ifiqros, rom mas aqvs am problemis/amocanis gadaWris unari da
SesaZlebloba. amrigad, problemuri amocanis micemis dros saWiroa imis
gaTvaliswineba, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba problemuri amocana moswavlis
unar-Cvevebs da asakiT ganpirobebul kognitur SesaZleblobebs. aseve
yuradReba unda mieqces ara mxolod calkeuli individebis, aramed mTeli
klasis momzadebis dones da SesaZleblobebs. klasis TiToeul moswavles
unda SeeZlos am problemis garkveul doneze mainc gageba da raRac axlis
SeZena.
(2) problemis sxva aspeqtia interesis gamowveva
gamowveva. saklaso garemoSi
problema unda iwvevdes moswavleebis interess da survils, rom maT
marTlac moundeT am problemis gadaWra. maswavlebelma problema unda
warmoadginos iseTi konteqstiT, rom moswavlisaTvis gaxdes saintereso.
(3) problemis gadasaWrelad moswavles ara aqvs nacnobi strategia,
strategia
romelsac pirdapir gamoiyenebda; amisaTvis individma unda SeimuSaos
Sesabamisi strategia. Tu strategiis moZieba rTulia, Cndeba problema.
Tumca, Tu arsebobs strategia, romelsac individi aseT situaciaSi
Cveulebriv gamoiyenebda, maSin es iqneboda mxolod savarjiSo, radgan
savarjiSo aris situacia, romlis codnas da saSualebebs flobs
individi da iyenebs situaciis gadasaWrelad, imisda miuxedavad, rom erTi
savarjiSo, SesaZloa, ufro rTuli iyos, vidre meore.
problemis gadaWris strategiebi saWiroa im problemur situaciebSi,
rodesac ukve nacnobi ideebi da xerxebi ar gamodgeba. am SemTxvevaSi
problema unda danawevrdes iseT erTeulebad, romlebze muSaobac
SesaZlebelia. individis amgvari qceva da midgoma aCvenebs, rom igi
muSaobs problemaze. savarjiSoebi aris iseTi amocanebi, romlebic
moswavlisgan moiTxovs codnis da unar-Cvevebis im gziT da im situaciaSi
gamoyenebas, romelSic moswavleebi ukve gamocdili arian – zustad ician,
ra procedura rogor unda gamoiyenon. problemuri amocanis SemTxvevaSi
ki codna da unar-Cvevebi, romlebic saWiroa am problemis gadasaWrelad,
moswavlisaTvis ar aris imTaviTve cnobili.
8
(4) situacia moiTxovs gadawyvetas/gadaWras. problemuri situacia
ganisazRvreba Tavad adamianis reaqciiT am situaciaze. Tu individi
iRebs pasuxismgeblobas upasuxos problemuri situaciis SekiTxvebs da
amisaTvis iqceva mizandasaxulad, miuTiTebs imaze, rom situacia marTlac
problemuria.
(5) davalebebis tipebi unda ganisazRvros asakis/klasis da problemur
situaciasTan dakavSirebuli im gamocdilebisa Tu tipis mixedviT,
romelic nacnobia moswavleebsaTvis skolidan an realuri cxovrebidan.
pizas (studentTa saerTaSoriso Sefasebis programa _ PISA – program
for International Student Assessment, 2003) saerTaSoriso kvlevis CarCos
mixedviT, gamoiyofa problemuri amocanebis sami tipi: 1)amocanebi,
romlebic dakavSirebulia gadawyvetilebis miRebasTan; 2) amocanebi,
romlebic moiTxovs sistemis analizs da modelirebas; 3) amocanebi,
romlebic ukavSirdeba rTuli viTarebidan gamosavlis Ziebas.
TiToeuli maTgani ganvixiloT cal-calke:
gadawyvetilebis miRebasTan dakavSirebul amocanebSi mocemulia
ramdenime alternativa da SezRudva. moswavles moeTxoveba iseTi
gadawyvetilebis miReba, romelic am SezRudvebs daakmayofilebs.
gadawyvetilebis miRebasTan dakavSirebuli amocana miT ufro rTulia,
rac ufro kompleqsuria masSi warmodgenili viTareba, anu rac ufro
metia gasaanalizebeli informaciis moculoba da SezRudvebis raodenoba.
aseT pirobebSi saWiroa sxvadasxva warmodgenis urTierTdakavSireba da
mravali SezRudvis gaTvaliswineba. Tumca, zogadad, gadawyvetilebis
miRebasTan dakavSirebul amocanebSi SezRudvebi mkafiod aris gamokveTili,
amitom miRebuli gadawyvetilebis dasabuTeba ufro martivia.
sistemis analizsa da modelirebasTan dakavSirebuli amocanebi
moswavlisagan moiTxovs kompleqsuri viTarebis analizs am viTarebis
logikis gasaazreblad. am tipis amocanebi gansxvavdeba gadawyvetilebis
miRebis tipis amocanebisagan or mniSvnelovan aspeqtSi: 1) moswavles
moeTxoveba analizis Catareba ara imisaTvis, rom gaakeTos arCevani
ramdenime alternativas Soris, aramed imisTvis, rom amoxsnas amocana da
miiRos pasuxi; 2) am tipis amocanebSi aRwerilia kompleqsuri sistemebi,
romlebSic monawileobs mravali urTierTdakavSirebuli faqtori
(parametri, Tviseba, maxasiaTebeli). am kavSirebis dinamikurobis gamo
pasuxi (amonaxsni), SesaZloa, ar iyos erTaderTi. am saxis amocanebi
mravlad gvxvdeba ekonomikaSi da socialur mecnierebebSi. xSirad
saWiroa warmodgenili viTarebis adekvaturi modelis Seqmna, risTvisac
aucilebelia parametrebis SerCeva, maT Soris, kavSirebis identifikacia
da miRebuli suraTis warmodgena simboluri an/da raime sxva saxiT.
rTuli (problemuri) viTarebidan gamosavlis ZiebasTan dakavSirebuli
amocanebi moswavlisagan moiTxovs sistemis (mag.: mowyobilobis) kompo-
nentebis amocnobas da maTi moqmedebis analizs, raTa man SeZlos am sistemis
gamarTulad funqcionirebis darRvevis mizezebis dadgena. mag.: kompaniis
9
menejerma unda daadginos, ram gamoiwvia saqonelbrunvis moculobis Sem-
cireba; programisti cdilobs ipovos programis gaumarTaobis mizezebi
(Secdomebis moZebna).
amrigad, problema arsebobs maSin, roca moswavle gamoTqvams
dainteresebas, avlens cnobismoyvareobas da ar icis, rogor gadaWras
raime sakiTxi, anu problemis arseboba ganpirobebulia moswavlis mier
konkretuli sakiTxebis gadaWrisas warmoqmnili winaaRmdegobiT. mecnierebi
gvTavazoben zogad models, romelic iZleva problemuri situaciebis
warmoqmnis, „xelovnurad Seqmnis“ SesaZleblobas (Simpson, 1996). kerZod,
es aris saklaso garemoSi gamoyenebuli Semdegi strategiebi:
• moswavleebisTvis SekiTxvebis dasma, romlebic maTgan moiTxovs
informaciis warmodgenis alternatiuli gzebis moZebnas, rom-
lebic gansxvavebulia teqstSi moyvanili Tu maswavleblis mier
dasaxulisgan.
• erTi da imave movlenis, ideis da fenomenis sxvadasxva konte-
qstSi ganxilva da Sedareba;
• alternatiuli da gansxvavebuli dasasrulis Zieba;
• rolebis gadaTamaSeba da xelmeored gadaxedva imisaTvis, rom
kidev erTxel gadamowmdes, xom ar gamorCa raime an raime Sec-
doma xom ar dauSva;
• iseTi ideis CarTva, romelic, erTi SexedviT ucxoa teqstsTvis;
• informaciis ganzrax waSla an gamotoveba;
• gaTamaSeba imisa, „Tu ra iqneboda im SemTxvevaSi, Tu. . .“;
• mocemuli gancxadebis, winadadebis an situaciis socialuri
konteqstis ganxilva, gamorkveva;
• sxvadasxva tipis winaswari mosazrebis ganxilva;
warmodgena, rom mcirewlovan bavSvebs ar SeuZliaT problemis

gadaWra, mcdaria. problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis gamoyeneba SeiZleba
yvela asakSi da ganviTarebis yvela safexurze. problemuri situaciebis
warmoqmnis mizniT maswavelbelma unda gaiTvaliswinos moswavleebis
azrovnebis SesaZleblobebi da aqedan gamomdinare dasvas iseTi kiTxvebi,
romlebic gamoiwvevs Semdgom diskusias, sakiTxis ganxilvas da daexmareba
moswavles pasuxis ZiebaSi. aseTi tipis SekiTxvebi xels uwyobs azrovnebis
da gansjis unaris ganviTarebas, aadvilebs swavlebis process da amaRlebs
miRebuli codnis xarisxs.
qvemoT, warmodgenilia magaliTi, romelic aRwers problemis gadaWris
process skolamdel asakSi.
10
baybaydevi da mwyemsi biWi danieli
iyo da ara iyo ra, iyo erTi patara samefo, romelsac marTavda keTili da
brZeni mefe. mas edemis baRidan gadmofrenili jadosnuri bati hyavda, romelic
yoveldRe oqros kvercxebs debda. mefe imdenad keTili da guluxvi iyo, rom
simdidres Tavis xalxsac unawilebda. amitom, mTel samefoSi aravis Sioda da
swyuroda, arc usaxlkarod iyo vinme darCenili. cxovrobda xalxi udardelad.
ase gadioda dro...
magram male es ambavi mTis gadaRma, uRran tyeSi mcxovrebma baybaydevma Seityo
da ifiqra: Tu am bats xelSi Cavigdeb, lukma-puris saSovnelad wanwals SeveSvebi,
maRla kldeze rom mitovebuli sasaxlea, iq davsaxldebi da mTeli am aremaris
batoni da mbrZanebeli me gavxdebio. RamiT, roca yvelas mSvidad eZina, miadga
baybaydevi mefis baRs, daxoca mcvelebi da jadosnuri bati gaitaca.
ambobdnen, rom devs jadosnuri bati oqros galiaSi hyavda gamomwyvdeuli. mas
Semdeg ki, rac igi cicabo kldis wverze Zvel sasaxlesac daepatrona, sofelma
mosveneba dakarga. baybaydevi SiSis zars scemda mTel samefos. misi Rriali mTel
aremares azanzarebda. Sinaur frinvelebs da cxovelebs xom sul musri gaavlo.
xalxi sagonebelSi Cavarda.
arada, samefos rCeulma vaJkacebmac ki ver SeZles sasaxleSi SeRweva da
baybaydevis damarcxeba. sasaxle Zalian maRla, cicabo kldis wverze idga, mudam
Cabnelebuli iyo da gars sqeli Savi Rrublebi ertya. mxolod Weqa-quxilis dros
moCanda, maSin roca elva gaanaTebda xolme cas. am dros devi elvas waavlebda
xolme xels da momxdurebs uSenda. mravali saxelovani meomari Seewira devis
mier nasrol cecxlovan isrebs. iq wasuli bevri enaxaT, magram ukan dabrunebuli
- aravin.
am qveynis erT-erT patara sofelSi cxovrobda mwyemsi biWi saxelad danieli.
mamiT oboli iyo da dedamiss mis garda aravin hyavda. saxl-kari da ezo didi ar
hqondaT, magram arc araferi akldaT. mwyemsi biWi iseTi yoCaRi da moxerxebuli
iyo, rom mis Txebs mgeli ver ekareboda. amitomac iyo, rom im aremareze yvelas
Txas danieli mwyemsavda. Tanac biWma Citebisa da cxovelebis enac icoda.
qveynis gasaWirma danielic Seawuxa da gadawyvita TviTonac ecada devis
damarcxeba. Tavisi Canafiqri dedas gaumxila. atirda deda: - rCeulma vaJkacebma
da mTels qveyanaze ganTqmulma meomrebma veraferi mouxerxes devs da Sen
martokam ra unda gaawyoo. Sen garda aravin myavs da devma rom mogklas, raRa
meSvelebao. didxans cdilobda danieli dedis damSvidebas. eubneboda: - Tu devs
ar moviSorebT, maSin mainc yvelani amovwydebiT da cdas win raRa udgaso.
meore diliT inaTa Tu ara, mwyemsi gzas gaudga. bevri iara Tu cota, SeRamebisas
kldis Zirs miadga. atyda Weqa-quxili, elviT daisera ca da gaanaTa aremare.
danielma kldeze cocva daiwyo, magram svel qvebze fexi daucda. Camovarda
Zirs. isev scada, magram amaod. am wvalebaSi iyo, roca iqve, kldis gamoqvabulSi
TavSefarebulma arwivma SeamCnia nacnobi mwyemsi.
- ra dagmarTnia, ras wvalobo? - hkiTxa daniels.
biWma uambo yvelaferi. arwivma Seisva danieli zurgze da Tvalis daxamxamebaSi
kldis wverze aafrina. biWi malulad, kedel-kedel Seipara sasaxleSi, ise rom
veravin SeamCnia. is-is iyo Cumad miuaxlovda galias, rom uecrad grgvinva
Semoesma. es devis xma iyo, Rrialebda:
- adamianis suni mcems!.. sasaxleSi namdvilad viRac Semoipara!.. vin gabeda,
axlave Sav dRes davayri!!!...
11
danielma ukan rom miixeda, mis win mTasaviT uzarmazari, eSvebiani da
TvalebCasisixlianebuli devi idga.
- ai, daupatiJebeli stumaric!.. Sen aq ra ginda?!.. - dauRriala devma.
mixvda danieli, rom masTan Serkinebas azri ar hqonda da gadawyvita xerxi

exmara.
- miSvele batono! me erTi var im aTi aTasi Tagvidan, romlebic am sasaxlis
sardafSi cxovroben.
- Sen ranairi Tagvi xar? - gaikvirva baybaydevma.
- adamianad gadamaqcies, Torem sul cota xnis win Tagvi viyavi, - miugo danielma
da saxeldaxelod gamogonili tyuilic zed miayola, - Cemma nacnobma Zeram ambavi
momitana, rom im samefoSi, saidanac Sen jadosnuri bati wamoiyvane, erTi misani
hyavT, romelsac mefem Svela sTxova. is misani nel-nela yvela Tagvs, romlebic
am sasaxlis sardafebSi cxovroben, adamianad gadaaqcevs da Sen mogisevs. isini
yvela WuWrutanidan gamoZvrebian da erTad dagesxmebian Tavso.
SeSinda devi, aRrialda:
- mere, is ar uTqvams mag Sen Zeras, ra unda gavakeTo, es rom ar moxdes?!!..
- ki, rogor ar uTqvams! - maSinve miugo danielma, - sasaxlis WerSi unda
axvide da iqidan gadmoxte. Zirs rom davardebi, sasaxle Sezanzardeba, Tagvebs
SeeSindebaT da kisristexiT gaiqcevian.
daijera baybaydevma, avida WerSi. amasobaSi danielma staca xeli galias,
gamoaRo sarkmeli da Tavis megobar arwivs dauZaxa. arwivi wamsve iq gaCnda,
biWi zurgze Seisva da Tavisi samefosken gaafrina. mixvda devi, rom gaabriyves,
ganrisxebuli maSinve gadmoeSva Weridan da iseTi ZaliT daenarcxa iatakze, rom
sasaxle jer Setortmanda, mere ki xuxulasaviT daingra da devi nangrevebSi
moiyola.
dabrunda biWi Tavis qveyanaSi. xalxi aRtacebuli iyo danielis moxerxebulobiT
da gambedaobiT. mefem madlierebis niSnad daniels colad Tavisi mSvenieri asuli
SerTo da samefo taxtic gadauloca. erT Tves gagrZelda danielisa da mefis
asulis qorwili. mTeli samefo zeimobda da xarobda.
ase gaaTavisufla mwyemsma biWma danielma Tavisi qveyana boroti da mrisxane
baybaydevisagan da Tavis xalxs Tavisufleba da keTildReoba daubruna.
qato iqa, fqvili aqa,

Wiri iqa, lxini aqa.
maswavlebeli ganixilavs zRapris Sinaarss da moswavleebs usvams

Semdeg SekiTxvebs:
SekiTxva: – ra gaakeTa danielma, roca Seipara devis sasaxleSi?
pasuxi: – danielma ipova bati, romelic debda oqros kvercxebs. roca

devma is aRmoaCina, danielma moatyua devi da gaiqca, gabrazebuli devi
Camoxta sasaxlis Weridan da iatakze daenarcxa. sasaxle daingra da devi
nangrevebSi moyva. danielma daubruna mefes jadosnuri bati, misi asuli
12
colad SeirTo da gaagrZela bednierad cxovreba.
SekiTxva: – daukiTxavad Sevida Tu ara danieli sxvis samflobeloSi?
pasuxi: – diax.
SekiTxva: – Tqva Tu ara danielma tyuili?
pasuxi: – diax.
SekiTxva: – moipara Tu ara danielma bati, romelic debda oqros

kvercxebs?
pasuxi: – diax.
SekiTxva: – danielis mizeziT mokvda devi?
pasuxi: – diax.
SekiTxva: – Tu yvela zemoT CamoTvlili qmedeba danielma Caidina,

ratom miiCneva mxolod devi damnaSaved?
bolo SekiTxva Tavdayira ayenebs am zRapris bednier da TiTqosda

samarTlian, yvelasaTvis ukve cnobil dasasruls. daismis SekiTxva: „yvela
im danaSaulis Semdeg, rac ki danielma Caidina, ratom ar aris is miCneuli
uaryofiT gmirad?“. amrigad, yvela asakobriv safexurze sasurvelia,
rom maswavlebeli da, zogadad, skola cdilobdes moswavlis azrovnebis
procesebis gamowvevas problemuri swavlis meTodebis saSualebiT.
problemuri tipis amocanebi, zogadad, SesaZloa exebodes situaciebs,
sadac saWiroa:
1. arCevanis gakeTeba;
2. gadawyvetilebis miReba;
3. Sedareba-Sepirispireba;
4. dakavSireba-kanonzomierebis aRmoCena;
5. SeuTavseblobis aRmofxvra;
6. obieqtebze Sexedulebis Secvla;
7. eqperimentis, cdis Catareba;
8. kvleva-Zieba;
9. SemoqmedebiTi midgomis gamoyeneba /gadawyvetis originaluri gzis
Zieba.
mesame TavSi ufro detalurad da sagnobriv WrilSi aris ganxiluli

problemuri situacebis zemoT CamoTvlili tipebi.
13
problemis gadaWris cikli
fsiqologiaSi problemis gadaWris procesebs aRweren ciklis

saSualebiT, romlis erT-erT farTod gavrcelebul variants qvemoT
moviyvanT (Bransford & Stein, 1993; Hayes, 1989; Sternberg, 1986, Davidson &
Sternberg, 2003). SevniSnavT, rom termini „cikli“
„cikli“, „Tanmimdevrobisa“ da
„safexurebis“ nacvlad, mizanmimarTuladaa gamoyenebuli. cikli aRwers
TiToeul safexurs da gulisxmobs, rom Sedegis misaRwevad yovel etapze
dabruneba SeiZleba ramdenjerme moxdes. amasTan, rogorc wesi, etapebis
Tanmimdevrobas ganapirobebs Tavad problemis tipi da problemis
gadamWrelis pirovnuli Taviseburebebi.
problemis gadaWris mTliani cikli Semdegnairad SegviZlia
warmovidginoT: problemis gadaWra iwyeba problemis gagebiT, radgan,
bunebrivia, amis gareSe SeuZlebelia problemis mogvareba. es procesi
moiTxovs ara mxolod imis codnas, Tu ra pasuxi unda ipovo, aramed
garkveuli informaciis mopovebas/dalagebas am pasuxis mosaZebnad.
amisaTvis moswavles SeiZleba dasWirdes amocanis ramdenjerme wakiTxva.
problemis gadaWris procesSi is SeiZleba ukan dabrundes da kidev erTxel
waikiTxos sawyisi SekiTxva, raTa darwmundes, rom problemis gadaWris
swori strategia SearCia. umcrosklaselebisTvis Zalze mniSvnelovania,
rom maswavlebelma maT sakuTari sityvebiT Camoayalibebinos problema.
ufrosklaselebma problemis gadasaWrelad, SesaZloa, markeriT moniSnon
amocanis pirobaSi mocemuli mniSvnelvani elementebi. moswavlem kargad
unda daamuSaos informacia imisaTvis, rom moZebnos problemis gadaWris
swori strategia. Ziebis es procesi maT daexmarebaT problemis ukeT
gagebaSi da im informacias met yuradRebas miaqceven, romelsac, SesaZloa,
manamde ar dauTmes sakmarisi dro. rodesac saTanadod damuSavdeba
informacia da SemuSavdeba samoqmedo gegma-startegia, dgeba problemis
gadaWris etapic. am etapze xdeba sakuTriv problemis gadaWra, anu swori
pasuxis povna. amisaTvis ki moswavlem unda gaakontrolos mTeli procesi,
kidev erTxel gaiazros, ras akeTebs, Seamowmos arCeuli xerxis siswore,
gauziaros sxvas Tavisi mosazrebebi, aCvenos namuSevari da am gziT
aRmoaCinos da aRmofxvras sakuTari Secdomebi an moZebnos problemis
gadaWris sxva, ufro ioli, efeqturi da originaluri xerxi.
amrigad, problemis gadaWris cikli Sedgeba Semdegi etapebisgan:
1. problemis moZebna da gansazRvra

• SekiTxvebis – ra, sad, rogor, rodis, visTan da ratom –
dasma, raTa mokled aRiweros problema (teqstis, diagra-
mis, formulis, cxrilis gageba; sxvadaxva wyaros erTmaneT-
Tan dakavSireba da a.S.);
14
• problemis danawevreba sxvadasxva Semadgenel an dakavSire-
bul problemad;
• problemis prioritetebis mixedviT dalageba (im SemTxveva-
Si, roca erTdroulad ramdenime urTierTdakavSirebuli
problemaa warmodgenili).
2. problemis Camoyalibeba da warmodgena

• problemis sawyisi safexuris aRwera, damasrulebeli safex-
uris aRwera, dasaSvebi procedurebis aRwera, SezRudvebis
gamoyofa;
• problemis warmodgena xelsayreli gziT, mag.: verbalurad
an/da vizualurad an warmodgenis axali formis moZebna.
3. problemis Sesaxeb informaciisa da resuresebis organizeba da codnis

mobilizeba
• problemis Sesatyvisi informaciis amorCeva;
• problemis gadaqceva amocanad. imis gamijvna, Tu ra aris
cnobili da ra aris saZiebeli;
• gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT amocanis tipze warmodgenis Se-
qmna da, Sesabamisad, saZiebeli arealis SezRudva;
• informaciis Segrovebis sxvadasxva meTodis gamoyeneba, in-
formaciis moZieba da organizeba.
4. SesaZlo alternativebis an gadaWris gzebis moZieba

• ideebis Tavisuflad, yovelgvari kritikis gareSe warmo-
Cena;
• mocemul problemasTan dakavSirebuli yvela originaluri
ideis, moulodneli da arastereotipuli analogiis da aso-
ciaciis warmodgena.
5. problemis gadaWris strategiebis SerCeva

• problemis gadaWris SesaZlo gzebis Sefaseba sxvadasxva
perspeqtividan;
• TiToeul strategiasTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva riskis
gansazRvra;
• ufro realuri da misaRebi strategiis SerCeva (resursebi,
dro da a.S.);
• SerCeuli strategiis damajereblobis dasabuTeba.
6. SerCeuli strategiis ganxorcieleba da progresze dakvirveba

• problemis gadaWris samoqmedo gegmis SemuSaveba (TiToeuli
safexuris gansazRvra Tavisi resursebiT da drois ganri-
giT);
15
• problemis gadaWris samoqmedo gegmis warmatebiT ganxor-
cielebis indikatorebis gansazRvra;
• moqmedebis gegmis sxvebisaTvis gaziareba da cvlilebebis
Setana.
7. Sedegebis Semowmeba da Sefaseba

• warmatebis indikatorebis Semowmeba (ganxorcielda Tu ara
gegmis mixedviT; ramdenad realuri iyo gegma; ramdenad sak-
marisi iyo resursebi da sxv.);
• axali codnis, unar-Cvevebis Sefaseba.
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, rTuli problemis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa,

adamianma problemis gadaWris es etapebi ar gaiaros TanmimdevrobiT da
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi daubrundes wina etapsa Tu etapebs.
16
Tavi meore
problemuri amocanebis gadaWris ori strategia
problemis gadaWra aris rTuli moqmedeba, romelic saazrovno unar-

CvevebTan erTad gulisxmobs pirovnebis emociur momzadebas, nebisyofas,
komunikaciis unars da a.S. problemis gadaWra gulisxmobs garkveuli prob-
lemis amosaxsneli pirobebis, xerxebis an damxmare saSualebebis mofiqre-
bas. problemis gadasaWrelad adamianebi iyeneben sxvadasxva strategias.
yvelaze martivi strategiaa cdisa da Secdomis meTodi, rodesac adamiani
gamocdis problemis gadasaWrel mraval gzas, sanam swors ar miagnebs.
sxva strategiebia problemis kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi gadaWra.
problemis gadaWris yvelaze gavrcelebuli strategiaa kritikuli
azrovnebiTi midgomebi. Sesabamisad, formalur ganaTlebaSi gansakuTreb-
uli yuradReba eTmoba moswavleebisaTvis logikuri azrovnebis swavle-
bas, erTaderTi swori logikuri pasuxis mofiqrebas, araswori nabijebis
gamoricxvas da mxolod swor pasuxze orientirebas. swored es aris kri-
tikuli azrovneba; kritikuli azrovnebis garda arsebobs SemoqmedebiTi
midgomac, romelic mimarTulia ideebis moZiebaze, SesaZleblobebis gamov-
lenaze, mravali da ara erTaderTi SesaZlo swori pasuxis mofiqrebaze.
am ori strategiis erTmaneTTan Sedarebis mizniT qvemoT kritikuli da
SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis strategiebi cal-calkea ganxiluli da bolos
aRwerilia maT Soris msgavseba da gansxvaveba.
kritikuli azrovneba
kritikuli azrovneba aris azrovnebis is saxe, romelic problemis

gadaWras, mis formulirebas, daskvnis gamotanas da gadawyvetilebis
miRebas emsaxureba. kritikuli azrovneba aris mizanmimarTuli procesi,
radganac igi orientirebulia „konkretul, sasurvel Sedegze“ (Halpern,
1996). refleqsuri azrovneba aris kritikuli azrovnebis nawili, romelic
uSualod exeba analizis da daskvnebis gamotanis procesebis gaazrebas.
diuis azriT (1993), refleqsuri gaazrebis procesSi moswavleebi
aqtiurad monawileoben, acnobiereben da akontroleben sakuTari swavlis
procesebs. am dros moswavleebi afaseben, Tu ra ician, ra sWirdebaT rom
icodnen da rogor unda aiTvison es saWiro codna. kritikuli azrovnebis
refleqsuri procesebis saSualebiT moswavles eZleva imis SesaZlebloba,
rom daixios erTi nabijiT ukan da gaiazros konkretuli problemis
gadaWris gzebi, is, Tu rogoraa mogvarebuli konkretuli problema, aseve
is, Tu ra strategiebi iqna gamoyenebuli sasurveli miznis misaRwevad.
kritikuli azrovneba aris rTuli saazrovno unar-Cveva, romelic
17
moicavs erTdroulad or an met gansxvavebul mosazrebaze fiqrs,
sxvadasaxva mosazrebis gagebas, raime Sexedulebis dasabuTebas sxvadasxva
midgomis safuZvelze da imis gacnobierebas, rom sxvasac SeiZleba hqondes
sakuTari gansxvavebuli mosazreba.
kritikul azrovnebas adamiani mimarTavs arsebuli mosazrebis
„WeSmariti“ Rirebulebis dasadgenad. kritikuli azrovnebis dros
arsebiTia argumentebis da kontrargumentebis moZieba, mTliani situaciis
gaanalizeba da, Sesabamisad, arsebuli mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze daskvnis
gakeTeba – mosazrebis Secvla an axali mosazrebis miReba. kritikul
azrovnebas aseve uwodeben „logikur“ an „analitikur“ azrovnebas.
logikuri azrovneba msjelobis saxiT mimdinareobs. msjeloba
aucileblad gulisxmobs ramdenime cnebas Soris mimarTebis damyarebas
da daskvnis gamotanas. daskvna azrovnebis procesia, romelic ramdenime
msjelobas Soris mimarTebidan gamomdinareobs. arCeven daskvnis sam
formas:
(1) induqcia an induqciuri daskvna – kerZo msjelobidan zogadis gam-

oyvana;
(2) deduqcia, anu deduqciuri daskvna – zogadi msjelobidan kerZo
msjelobis gamoyvana;
(3) analogiiT daskvna – erTi kerZo movlenidan analogiuri kerZo
movlenis Sesaxeb daskvna.
amgvarad, kritikuli azrovnebis gasaaqtiureblad Seqmnili amocanebi

moswavles unda aZlevdes aseTi tipis daskvnebis gakeTebis SesaZleblo-
bas.
SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba
SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba aris rTuli saazrovno unar-Cveva. es aris

raimes axali gziT keTeba an danaxva; SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba xasiaTdeba
ideebis simravliT, mravalferovnebiT (moqniloba, sakiTxis sxvadasxva
kuTxiT danaxva), siaxliT (originalobiT) da gardaqmnis unariT (Zveli
ideebis safuZvelze axlis Seqmna).
gilfordis mixedviT gamoiyofa SemoqmedebiTi midgomis (kreatulobis)

4 ZiriTadi faqtori:
1. originaloba – daSorebuli asociaciebis, araCveulebrivi pa-

suxebis Seqmnis unari.
18
2. semantikuri moqniloba – obieqtis funqciis gamoyofa da misi
axleburi gamoyeneba.
3. xatovani adaptaciuri moqniloba – unari, Secvalo mocemuloba
ise, rom masSi gamoyo axali SesaZleblobebi.
4. semantikuri spontanuri moqniloba _ SedarebiT ganusazRvrel
situaciaSi mravalferovani idebis warmoqmnis unari.
ratom xdeba, rom zog adamians uCndeba SemoqmedebiTi ideebi da zogs

– ara? amis mizezi SeiZleba iyos pirovnebis kulturuli memkvidreobac.
zogjer kulturuli blokebi – stereotipebi, sazogadoebaSi gavrcele-
buli wesebi da qcevis normebi – xels uSlian SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis
ideebis ganviTarebas.
Cvens sazogadoebaSi arsebobs mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac Semoqmedeb-
iTi unari (kreatuloba) mxolod gamorCeul adamianTa xvedria da amdenad,
SemoqmedebiT azrovnebas ukavSireben xolme xelovnebis dargSi moRvawe
adamianebs, romlebic qmnian xelovnebis nimuSebs. magram fsiqologiuri
codna da gamokvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom SemoqmedebiTi unari (kreatuloba)
met-naklebi doziT yvela adamians axasiaTebs. igi problemis gadaWrisas
arastandartuli pasuxebis mignebis SesaZleblobas iZleva. amdenad, me-
tad mniSvnelovania azrovnebis am unaris ganviTareba.
SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis gasaaqtiureblad amocanebi (aqtivobebi)
unda Seiqmnas Semdegi principebis mixedviT, Tumca ar aris savaldebulo
yvela principi erTdroulad aisaxos erT amocanaSi. es principebia:
• amocana moswavles aZlevs problemis gadaWris ramdenime SesaZle-

blobis (gzis) ganxilvis saSualebas.
• amocana moswavles aZlevs problemis gadaWris ramdenime pasuxis

povnis saSualebas.
• SesaZlebelia pasuxSi garkveuli subieqturobis (individualuri)

elementis daSveba.
• amocana orientirebulia problemis gadaWris axali (orginal-

uri) gzis Ziebaze.
• amocana orientirebulia napovni gadawyvetilebis gaumjobesebis

(daxvewis) SesaZleblobaze (Tundac mcire cvlilebebis SetaniT).
• amocanis pasuxi winaswar ar aris gansazRvruli da ar aris mx-

olod erTi swori pasuxi.
19
kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi strategiebis Sedareba
problemuri situaciebis gadaWris orive strategia, kritikuli da
SemoqmedebiTi, SesaZloa ganvasxvavoT Semdegnairad:
kritikuli azrovneba SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba

analitikuri produqtiuli
konvergentuli divergentuli
(moiTxovs Sesabamisi an saukeTeso (dasaSvebia erTze meti pasuxis
pasuxis moZebnas. moiTxovs axsnas, arseboba, moiTxovs warmosaxviT
logikur dasabuTebas, Sedareba- azrovnebas, varaudis formulirebas)
Sepirispirebas, kanonzomierebis
danaxvas obieqtur kriteriumebze
dayrdnobiT, paralelebis gavlebas,
kavSirebis moZebnas)
magaliTebi: magaliTebi:
risTvis gamoiyeneboda es sagani? mocemul wyaroze dayrdnobiT
ratom daiwera es werili? warmoadgine am movlenis
gvaZleven wyaroebi aseTi varaudis interpretacia?
gakeTebis saSualebas?
rogor SeiZleba es raioni
ekologiurad ufro sufTa gavxadoT?
sworxazovani, pirdapiri gadataniTi, asociaciuri
msjeloba msjelobis eWvqveS dayeneba
fokusirebuli difuziuri
obieqturi subieqturi
verbaluri vizualuri
problemis gadaWris dros mniSvnelovania orive tipis azrovneba.

pirvelad unda moxdes problemis gaanalizeba; Semdeg unda CamovayaliboT
problemis gadawyvetis SesaZlo variantebi; bolos unda amovarCioT
da ganvaxorcieloT problemis gadaWris saukeTeso gza da SevafasoT
misi efeqturoba. es procesi avlens am ori strategiis monacvleobas.
praqtikaSi ki orive tipis azrovneba ZiriTadad erToblivad moqmedebs da
xSirad rTulia maTi erTmaneTisagan gamijvna.
qvemoT, mesame da meoTxe TavebSi, mocemuli mravalferovani magaliTebi
mkiTxvels daexmareba gaigos, Tu „rogor“ unda vaswavloT moswavleebs
„problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis“ modeliT. marTlac, „moswavleebs
SeuZliaT ukeTesad azrovneba, Tuki skola xels Seuwyobs imis swavlebas,
Tu rogor unda ganiviTaron maT es unari“ (Presseisen, 1988).
20
Tavi mesame
problemuri amocanis tipebi sxvadasxva sagnebidan
problemis gadaWraze orientirebuli davalebebi aris ararutinuli

amocanebi, romelTa amoxsnac moswavlisagan moiTxovs axali,
arastandartuli strategiebis Ziebas. amgvari amocanis amoxsna efuZneba
im codnas, romelic moswavles ukve aqvs, magram amasTanave aucilebelia
sxvadasxva Sinaarsisa da cnebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba, integrireba. am
dros ki SesaZlebelia Tvisebrivad axali codnis miReba.
aRniSnuli amocanebi umeteswilad dakavSirebulia realur an realurTan
miaxloebul viTarebasTan, Tumca SeiZleba iyos interdisciplinaruli
xasiaTisac, rodesac amoxsnis gza ar Semoifargleba erTi romelime
discipliniT an mimarTulebiT. am TavSi sagnobriv WrilSi ganvixilavT
problemuri amocanis tipebs, romlebic, SesaZloa, ufro specifikuri
iyos ama Tu im sagnisTvis. aqve mivuTiTebT problemur amocanaTa tipebis
Sesatyvis Sedegebsa da indikatorebze erovnuli saswavlo gegmidan (esg).
problemuri amocanis tipebi qarTul enasa da

literaturaSi
problemuri tipis amocanebi Cndeba, rodesac saWiroa:
1. arCevanis gakeTeba/gadawyvetilebis miReba
sagnis specifikidan/Sinaarsidan gamomdinare msjelobis Camoyalibebi-

sas (dawera teqstisa, sadac mocemulia msjeloba) moswvles uwevs Sesa-
Zlo argumentebs Soris arCevanis gakeTeba.
teqstis Sefasebisas/analizisas moswavle irCevs romelime SesaZlo
kriteriums. IX klasis erovnuli saswavlo gegmidan (esg) gamomdinare,
moswavles uwevs sakuTari azris/damokidebulebis gamoxatva teqstsa
Tu diskusiaSi dasmuli problemuri situaciebis Taobaze. amisaTvis igi
akeTebs arCevans ama Tu im SesaZlo gadawyvetas Soris, ayalibebs da war-
moadgens mas zepiri an werilobiTi saxiT (ix.: esg. qarT. IX. 2; IX. 6; IX.
9; IX. 10).
gansxvavebuli miznisa da daniSnulebis teqstebis Seqmnisas moswavlem
unda gaakeTos arCevani enobriv, stilur da gamomxatvelobiT saSualebebs
Soris da miiRos Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba (ix.: esg. qarT. IX. 3; IX, 4; IX.
10; IX. 11).
21
2. Sedareba-Sepirispireba
moswavles mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis Seqmnisas/anal-

izisas xSirad uwevs literaturul da pirad gamocdilebaze damyarebuli
realobis Sedareba-Sepirispireba (ix.: esg. qarT. IX. 6; IX. 9).
sxvadasxva tipis/daniSnulebis teqstebis gaanalizebisas moswavles
sWirdeba sxvadasxva enobrivi da gramatikuli struqturebisa da xe-
rxebis, pirobiTobebisa da tipobrivi niSnebis Sedareba (ix.: esg. qarT. IX.
3; IX. 7).
3. obieqtze/problemaze/movlenaze Sexedulebis Secvla
kamaTis/diskusiis dros moswavle cdilobs argumentirebuli msj-

elobiT msmenels/mkiTxvels Seacvlevinos azri/Sexeduleba garkveul
sakiTxze/problemaze/movlenaze/personaJze (ix.: esg. qarT. IX. 1; IX. 2; IX.
9).
4. kvleva-Zieba
teqstebSi dasmuli problemis sxvadasxva kuTxiT gasaanalizeblad
da problemur sakiTxze werilobiTi an zepiri teqstis Sesaqmnelad mo-
swavles xSirad uxdeba kvleva-Zieba problemis istoriuli, kulturuli,
socialuri da a.S. konteqstis gasacnobad/Sesaswavlad/gasaanalizeblad
(ix.: esg. qarT. IX. 5; IX. 8; IX. 10; IX. 13).
5. SemoqmedebiTi midgomis gamoyeneba /gadawyvetis

originaluri gzis Zieba
moswavles xSirad uwevs imgvari literaturuli teqstebis analizi,

romlebSic personaJebi garkveuli dilemis winaSe dganan. problemebi,
romlebic maT eqmnebaT, urTierTSeuTavsebelia da, aqedan gamomdinare,
arCevanis gakeTeba, tragikuli Sedegis gareSe, warmoudgenelia. amgvar
teqstebze muSaobisas maT xSirad uxdebaT avtoriseul an axal perspeq-
tivebze msjeloba, SeuTavseblobis arsis siRrmiseuli analizi (ix.: esg.
qarT. IX. 6; IX. 9).
22
problemuri amocanis tipebi sazogadoebriv
mecnierebebSi
istoria
problemuri tipis amocanebi SesaZloa exebodes situaciebs

situaciebs, sadac
saWiroa:
1. arCevanis gakeTeba
moswavle arCevans akeTebs istoriuli movlenis analizisa da

istoriuli piris Sefasebisas. mag.: a) qveynis sagareo politikaze msj-
elobisas faqtebis analizis safuZvelze man unda gamoyos (airCios) is
umniSvnelovanesi faqtorebi, romlebmac gavlena moaxdina qveynis ganvi-
Tarebaze; b) istoriuli piris Sefasebisas moswavle faqtebis analizis
safuZvelze gamoyofs misi moRvaweobis pozitiur da negatiur mxareebs
(magaliTisTvis mogvyavs esg. istoriis standartis Sedegebi da indika-
torebi: ist. IX. S.1. ind. 3; ist. IX. S.4. ind. 1, 2, 5; ist. XII S.3. ind. 4;
ist. XII. S.5. ind. 5);
moswavlem arCevani unda gaakeTos, agreTve, rodesac igi iwyebs
istoriul kvlevas. man unda airCios sakvlevi sakiTxi, daakonkretos es
sakiTxi da airCios Tavisi kvlevis Sedegebis warmoCenis forma (ix.: esg.
ist X S. 3. ind. 1; ist X S 4 ind. 1).
2. gadawyvetilebis miReba
moswavlem klasSi simulaciuri TamaSis dros an problemis

gadaWris tipis davalebis Sesrulebisas unda miiRos gadawyvetileba, rom
gansazRvros, Tu ra aris an ra iqneboda saukeTeso gamosavali Seqmnili
situaciidan. aseTi davalebebis Sesrulebisas moswavle gadawyvetilebas
xSirad TanaklaselebTan erTad iRebs.
moswavlem gadawyvetileba unda miiRos istoriuli kvlevis Catarebis
procesSi. magaliTad, man unda gadawyvitos, daeyrdnoba misi gamokvleva
mxolod meorad wyaroebs Tu mas dasWirdeba rogorc pirveladi, ise meo-
radi wyaroebis gamoyeneba. moswavlem agreTve unda gadawyvitos, gamoadge-
ba Tu ara esa Tu is wigni an statia momavali kvlevisaTvis (mag.: wignis
Sesavlis, winasityvaobis, sarCevSi warmodgenili Tavebisa da qveTavebis,
statiis SesavalSi mocemuli avtoris hipoTezis gacnobis saSualebiT;
ix.: esg. ist. X S. 3. ind. 3, 6; ist. XII S. 5. ind. 6).
23
istoriis specifikidan gamomdinare, moswavle Sedareba-Sepirispirebas

axdens TiTqmis yvela gakveTilze. saxelmZRvaneloebSi kiTxvebisa da dava-
lebebis umravlesoba moswavlisagan moiTxovs am Sedareba-Sepirispirebas,
anu davalebis mixedviT moswavlem unda Seadaros ori wyaro, romlebic
exeba erTsa da imave movlenas da am Sedarebis safuZvelze am movlenaze
daskvna unda gamoitanos; davaleba SeiZleba moswavlisgan moiTxovdes
ori rukis, ori epoqis, ori pirovnebis, ori istoriuli movlenis Sedar-
ebas (mag.: ori revoluciis Sedegebi) da sxva. saxelmZRvaneloSi avtoris
teqstis kiTxvis procesSic moswavle damoukideblad akeTebs Sedareba-
Sepirispirebas: moswavles dagrovili aqvs istoriuli codna da kiTxvis
dros igi axal masalas aRiqvams am dagrovili codnis konteqstis safuZ-
velze, rac gulisxmobs Seswavlil istoriul movlenebsa Tu epoqebTan
paralelebis gavlebas (Sedareba-Sepirispirebas). (ix.: esg. ist. IX S. 1.
ind. 9, 11; ist. IX S. 2. ind. 2, 3; ist. IX S. 4. ind. 4; ist. X S. 1. ind. 1, 2;
ist. XII S. 1. ind. 5; ist. XII S 3. ind. 2, 3, 4; ist. XII S 4. ind. 2; ist. XII S
5. ind. 3, 7; ist. XII S 6. ind. 2, 3; ist. XII S 7 ind. 1, 2).
4. dakavSireba - kanonzomierebis aRmoCena
saxelmZRvanelos kiTxvebi da davalebebi moswavlisagan moiTxovs

konkretuli istoriuli movlenis konkretul epoqasTan, konkretul
qveyanasTan an kulturasTan dakavSirebas. moswavles agreTve evaleba
istoriuli movlenis mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis dadgena da am Tu im
movlenis (mag.: revoluciis) kanonzomierebaze msjeloba. konkretuli wy-
aros analizisas moswavlem unda daukavSiros konkretuli pirovneba Tu
movlena im epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebel gansxvavebul faseulobebs, Sexed-
ulebebs, movlenis monawileTa interesebs, motivebsa da sxva adamianur
mxareebs. X-XII klasebSi istoriul wyaroebze muSaobisas moswavlem
unda imsjelos „istoriuli gardauvalobis“ da „SemTxveviTobis“ kon-
cefciebze (ix.: esg. ist. IX S. 3. ind. 3, 4; ist. IX S. 4. ind. 5; ist. IX S. 5.
ind. 1, 5; ist. X S. 2. ind. 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 10; ist. XII S. 1 ind. 7; ist. XII S. 2.
ind. 2).
5. obieqtebze Sexedulebis Secvla
sxvadasxva obieqtze, movlenaze an procesze Sexedulebebis Secvlas

xels uwyobs iseTi tipis davalebebi, romlebic moswavlisgan moiTxovs
problemis gadaWrisas sakuTari hipoTezis gamoTqmas, Semdeg – damatebiTi
informaciis analizs da alternatiuli variantebis ganxilvis safuZvel-
ze gamoTqmuli hipoTezis gadasinjvas. am mizanis miRwevas aseve uwyobs
xels sxvadasxva problemis Sesaxeb saklaso diskusia da jgufuri muSaoba
(esg. ist. X S. 1. ind. 3, 5).
24
6. kvleva-Zieba
martiv istoriul kvlevas moswavle iwyebs ukve V-VI klasebSi. magal-

iTad, igi ecnoba da cdilobs informacia gamoitanos sxvadasxva istori-
uli wyarodan, rogoricaa: adaptirebuli werilobiTi wyaroebi, moTxro-
bebi, suraTebi, fotoebi, istoriuli Zeglebi, samuzeumo eqspoziciebi,
samxatvro galereebi, TviTmxilvelTa naambobi da a.S. maRal klasebSi mo-
swavle damoukideblad an moswavleTa jgufTan erTad gegmavs da atarebs
sxvadasxva tipis istoriul kvlevas (mag.:istoriuli Temis dawera wer-
ilobiT wyaroebze dayrdnobiT; argumentirebuli eseis dawera mxolod
meorad wyaroebze dayrdnobiT; zepiri istoriis proeqtis ganxorcieleba,
ix.:esg. ist. X S. 3. ind. 1-13; ist. X S. 4. ind. 1-15).
7. SemoqmedebiTi midgomis gamoyeneba /gadawyvetis

originaluri gzis Zieba
istoriuli kvlevisas an problemis gadaWrasTan dakavSirebul dava-

lebebSi moswavles saSualeba eZleva gamoavlinos Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi
SesaZleblobebi (ix.:esg. ist. X. S. 3 ind. 1-13; S. 4 ind. 1-15; ist. XII S. 5
ind. 6, 7).
geografia
problemuri tipis amocanebi SesaZloa exebodes situaciebs, sadac

saWiroa:
moswavles xSirad uwevs arCevanis gakeTeba geografiuli kvlevis/

Temis warmosadgenad, anu ra formiT iqneba mizanSewonili misi Sedegebis
(sqema, diagrama, ruka, geografiuli Tema/referati/esei) warmoCena;
geografiuli davalebis Sesrulebisas, rodesac arCevani gasakeTebelia
regionze, qveyanaze Tu geografiul problemaze sakiTxis/Temis
mosamzadeblad moswavleebi akeTeben arCevans sakuTari interesebidan,
damokidebulebebidan da gamocdilebidan gamomdinare (magaliTisTvis
mogvyavs sapilote klasebis standartis Sedegebi da indikatorebi: esg.
geogr. IX. S.1. ind. 8; geogr. IX. S.2. ind. 7; geogr. IX. S.6. ind. 4 ; geogr.
IX. S.9. ind. 5; geogr. XII. S.1. ind. 1; geogr. XII. S.1. ind. 4; geogr. XII. S.4.
ind. 1; geogr. XII. S.6. ind. 5).
moswavles geografiis gakveTilze uwevs iseTi aqtivobebis Sesruleba,

romlebic moiTxovs gadawyvetilebis miRebas, anu ra saSualebebi,
25
wyaroebi, resursebi unda gamoiyenos geografiuli kvlevisas da ra
formiT warmodgenili SedegebiT aRiqmeba misi kvleva ukeTesad;
geografiuli davalebis Sesrulebisas moswavleebma gadawyvetileba unda
miiRon sakuTari interesebidan, damokidebulebebidan da gamocdilebidan
gamomdinare da unda gansazRvron, Tu ra xerxiTa da meTodebiT Seasruleben
geografiul kvlevas (ix.: esg. geogr. IX. S.1. ind. 4; geogr. IX. S.1. ind. 8;
geogr. IX. S.8. ind. 5; geogr. IX. S.4. ind. 3; geogr. IX. S.6. ind. 2; geogr.
XII. S.3. ind.4; geogr. XII. S.6. ind. 5).
qveynebis, regionebis, raionebis Tu problemebis, movlenebis da

procesebis socialuri, ekonomikuri da bunebrivi mravalferovnebidan
gamomdinare, moswavles xSirad uwevs zemoT CamoTvlili komponentebis
da maTi maCveneblebis Sedareba-Sepirispireba. swored am tipis operacia
iZleva saSualebas, rom moswavleebma daadginon msgavseba Tu gansxvavebebi,
ris safuZvelzec SesaZlebeli xdeba konkretuli geografiuli analizis
Catareba, rac, Tavis mxriv, problemis gadaWrisken aris mimarTuli (ix.:
esg. geogr. IX. S.2. ind. 1; geogr. IX. S.2. ind. 5; geogr. IX. S.3. ind. 4;
geogr. IX. S.5. ind. 3; geogr. IX. S.5. ind. 4; geogr. IX. S.6. ind. 6; geogr.
IX. S.7. ind. 1,2,3,4; geogr. IX. S.9. ind. 3; geogr. IX. S.10. ind. 4).
geografia TavisTavad sagania, romlis swavlac kanonzomierebis

gaazrebis gareSe SeuZlebelia. kanonzomierebebi geografiaSi sxvadasxva
tipisaa – bunebrivi movlenebis da procesebis, mosaxleobis da
dasaxlebebis, meurneobisa da resursebis sivrceSi ganawileba garkveul
kanonzomierebebs eqvemdebareba. imisTvis, rom es kanonzomierebebi ar
iyos mxolod gazepirebuli, moswavles axali standartis mixedviT,
geografiuli analizis safuZvelze TviTon uwevs am kanonzomierebebis
dadgena (ix.:esg.geogr. IX. S.2. ind. 1; geogr. IX. S.3. ind.1, geogr. IX. S.3.
ind.3; geogr. IX. S.4. ind.6).
5. SeuTavseblobis aRmofxvra
SesaZlebelia moswavleTaTvis Semdegi davalebis micema: rukaze

arasworad datanili informaciis aRmoCena da Sesabamisad, uzustobis
aRmofxvra/Sesworeba. aseve aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac moswavles uwevs
raime movlenis gamomwvevi mizezebisa da mosalodneli Sedegebis analizi
da analizidan gamomdinare, arasasurveli Sedegis SemTxvevaSi, maTi
gaumjobesebis gzebis dasxva, anu SeuTavseblobis aRmofxvra (mag.:esg.
geogr. IX. S.4. ind.1; geogr. IX. S.5. ind.4).
26
sxvadasxva obieqtze, movlenaze an procesebze Sexedulebis Secvlas

xels uwyobs iseTi tipis davalebebi, sadac moswavles gansxvavebuli
versiebidan uwevs informaciis Sejereba da zogjer Sexedulebis Secvlac
ki. moswavle alternatiuli variantebidan adgens misTvis misaRebs
da klasSi, diskusiis Sedegad, SesaZloa man Seicvalos kidec Tavisi
Sexeduleba (ix.:esg.geo IX. S.8. ind.1).
7. kvleva-Zieba
geografiaSi xSirad xorcieldeba kvlevebi, rac SeiZleba eyrdnobodes

an savele muSaobis monacemebs, an sxva gziT moZiebul informacias. kvleva
SeiZleba Catardes, magaliTad, demografiuli mdgomareobis Sesaswavlad,
kanonzomierebebis da mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis dasadgenad rogorc
fizikur, aseve sazogadoebriv geografiaSi (ix.:esg.geo IX. S.1. ind. 5; geo
IX. S.2. ind.3; geo IX. S.4. ind.1; geo IX. S.4. ind.2; geo IX. S.4. ind.4; geo IX.
S.5. ind.1; geo IX. S.6. ind.4; geo IX. S.9. ind.5).
8. SemoqmedebiTi midgomis gamoyeneba/gadawyvetis originaluri gzis

Zieba
nebismier geografiul kvlevaSi/proeqtSi problemebze muSaobisas

moswavleebs saSualeba aqvT gamoiyenon originaluri SemoqmedebiTi gzebi,
rodesac maT ar eZlevaT kvlevis/proeqtis warmarTvis winaswar mocemuli
CarCoebi da mimarTulebebi (mag.:esg.geogr. IX. S.5. ind.5; geogr. IX. S.6.
ind. 5; geogr. IX. S.9. ind. 5).
samoqalaqo ganaTleba
problemuri tipis amocanebi SesaZloa exebodes situaciebs

situaciebs, sadac
saWiroa:
samoqalaqo ganaTlebis procesSi moswavleebs Zalian xSirad sTavazoben

sxvadsxvagvari arCevanis gakeTebas. samoqalaqo ganaTlebis uSualo
mizania, erTi mxriv, arCevanis Tavisuflebis xolo, meore mxriv, sakuTar
arCevanze pasuxismgeblobis gaazrebis swavleba. zog SemTxvevaSi es aris
moswavlis gamocdilebaze (sakiTxis Seswavlamde), Rirebulebebsa Tu
interesebze dafuZnebuli arCevani, romelsac igi iyenebs Semdgomi kvlevisa
da Sedarebis safuZvelze gakeTebuli gadawyvetilebis misaRebad. zogjer
ki arCevanis gakeTeba xdeba arsebuli an SemoTavazebuli alternativebis
27
kvlevisa da analizis Semdeg gadawyvetilebis miRebisas.
samoqalaqo ganaTlebis procesSi arCevanis gakeTeba ZiriTadad
orgvaria – SesarCevi da gadasawyveti. magaliTad:
• irCevs erT-erT saxelmwifo organos da ukavSirebs mas xelisu-
flebis Sesabamis Stos; ganixilavs am organos funqciebs da mis
kavSirs xelisuflebis sxva organoebTan;
• konkretuli Tanxis (mag.: 25 lari) Sesabamisad CamoTvlis misTvis
cnobili sxvadasxva saqonlisa Tu momsaxurebis (mag.: sportuli
CanTa, eqskursia varZiaSi, erTi tomara fqvili da a.S.) miRebis
variantebs da irCevs romelime maTgans; xsnis sakuTari arCevanis
mizezebs da akavSirebs alternatiuli Rirebulebis cnebasTan;
aris amocanebi, romelTa amoxsnisas moswavles uwevs orive tipis

arCevanis gakeTeba sxvadsxva etapze. magaliTad:
• TanaklaselebTan erTad, sakuTari dakvirvebebis safuZvelze,
SearCevs da gaiTamaSebs romelime konfliqtur situacias; ganixi-
lavs misi mogvarebis SesaZlo gzebs (mag.: interesebis pozicidan
– molaparakebiT, wesebis poziciidan – sasamarTloTi da a.S.); ar-
Cevs mocemuli SemTxvevisaTvis yvelaze efeqturs, asabuTebs Tavis
mosazrebas.
(ix.: esg. standarti moq. IX1. 1. ind. 4; moq. IX. 2. ind. 5 da 6; moq. IX.
3. ind. 3; moq. IX. 6. ind. 3 da 6; moq. IX. 8. ind. 3, 4 da 5; moq. IX. 10. ind.2
da 3).
zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis misaRwevad samoqalaqo gana-

Tlebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi amocana swored moswavleebisTvis gadaw-
yvetilebis miRebis unaris ganviTarebaa. amitom mozardebs gakveTilze
Tu saSinao davlebis Sesrulebisas xSirad uwevT sxvadsxvagvari gadaw-
yvetilebis miReba. moswavlis gadawyvetileba SeiZleba iyos sxva probl-
emuri tipis amocanis Semadgeneli nawili an gadaWris safuZveli. ufro
xSirad ki moswavleTa mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba efuZneba qvemoT
ganxiluli sxva saxis amocanebis Sedegebs.
pirveli tipis magaliTebia:

• sakuTari SesaZleblobebisa da miznebis analizis safuZvelze asax-
elebs saqmianobis im sferos, romelsac savaraudod ukavSirebs
sakuTar momaval moRvaweobas; klasSi gamoavlens Tanamoazreebs,
1 magaliTisTvis mogvyavs IX klasis sagnobrivi standartis Sedegebi da indikatore-

bi, radgan aq naTlad Cans samoqalaqo ganaTlebis Sinaarsobrivi da meToduri mraval-
ferovneba (swavla-swavlebis mimarTulebebia: moqalaqeoba, mmarTveloba da ekonomika).
28
romlebTan erTadac agrovebs informacias am sferos Sesaxeb da
misi mimoxilvis Semdeg akeTebs ganacxads mini-proeqtisTvis „Cemi
momavali profesia da kariera“;
• CamoTvlis, misi azriT, klasisTvis (an skolisTvis) aqtualur
sakiTxebs, romelTa gadawyvetaSic Tavad surs monawileoba da
Tanaklaselebs (damrigebels an skolis administracias) warudgens
am sakiTxTa mogvarebis sakuTar gegmas.
meore tipis, ufro xSiri magaliTebia:

• Camowers sakuTar dasaxlebaSi mosagvarebel sakiTxTa nusxas da Se-
sabamisad, asaxelebs xelisuflebis im warmomadgenels, romelsac
pirvel rigSi unda mimarTon; asabuTebs sakuTar daskvnas (Stosa da
donis/instanciis mixedviT);
• TanaklaselebTan erTad adgens klasis keTilmowyobisTvis saWiro
nivTebis Tu Sesasrulebeli samuSaos CamonaTvals, aqedan irCevs
ramdenimes, romelTa SeZena an Sesruleba jgufs damoukideblad,
sxvebis dauxmareblad SeuZlia; uziarebs Tanaklaselebs sakuTar
arCevans da asabuTebs mas arsebuli SezRudvebisa da alterna-
tivebis ganxilviT;
• wers Txzulebas socialuri daavadebebis (mag.: alkoholizmi,
narkomania, Sidsi, tuberkulozi da a.S.) mqone adamianebis mimarT
sazogadoebis damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, sadac asabuTebs sakuTar
pozicias aRwerili urTierTobis samarTlianobis Taobaze.
(ix.: esg. standarti moq. IX. 1. ind. 3; moq. IX. 2. ind. 5, 6 da 7; moq. IX. 3.
ind. 1, 3 da 4; moq. IX. 4. ind. 1, 2 da 4; moq. IX. 5. ind. 2 da 3; moq. IX. 6. ind.
5 da 6; moq. IX. 7. ind. 1, 2 da 3; moq. IX. 8. ind. 2-5; moq. IX. 10. ind.1-4).
moswavleebisTvis arCevanis gakeTebis, gadawyvetilebis miRebis swavleba

niSnavs maTSi kritikuli azrovnebisa da liberaluri Rirebulebebis
ganviTarebas. adamianis arCevani/gadawyvetileba miT ufro sworia, rac
ufro dasabuTebuli da maRalzneobrivia. arCevanis/gadawyvetilebis
dasabuTeba ki aucileblad gulisxmobs garkveuli kriteriumebis mixedviT
Sedareba-Sepirispirebas. amdenad, samoqalaqo ganaTlebis miznebis miRweva
warmoudgenelia aseTi tipis mravalferovan amocanebSi gavarjiSebis
gareSe. Sesabamisad, moswavleebs TiTqmis yovel jerze uwevT obieqtebis,
movlenebis, procesebisa Tu romelime sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebuli
Rirebulebebis Sedareba garkveuli kriteriumebis mixedviT. aseTi
situiacia xSirad gvxvdeba sagnis swavlebisas, magaliTad:
• moswavle adarebs saqarTvelos moqalaqis konstituciur uflebeb-
sa da Tavisuflebebs adamianis uflebebis saerTaSoriso deklara-
29
ciis debulebebTan.
• monawileobs diskusiaSi „ras niSnavs samoqalaqo sazogadoeba?“
gamoTqvams mosazrebas politikuri partiebis, sazogadoebrivi or-
ganizaciebisa da masmediis rolis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi; avlebs
paralelebs sxva qveynebTan.
• ganixilavs xelisuflebis erT-erTi organos (mag.: parlamentis,
prezidentis, qalaqis meris, TviTmmarTvelobis organos, mosamar-
Tlis da a.S.) arCevis wesebs; adarebs saqarTvelosa da sxva qveynis
magaliTs; aqedan gamoyofs, misi azriT, ufro samarTlian wesebs.
• adarebs mSobliur mxareSi gavrcelebul tradiciul da Taname-
drove ekonomikur saqmianobebs sarfianobis mixedviT; msjelobs
ekonomikuri saqmianobis sferos Secvlis gamomwvev mizezebze.
(ix.: standarti esg. moq. IX. 1. ind. 2; moq. IX. 2. ind. 2; moq. IX. 3. ind.
3; moq. IX. 4. ind. 3 da 5; moq. IX. 5. ind. 1 da 3; moq. IX. 7. ind. 1-3; moq. IX.
8. ind. 4; moq. IX. 9. ind. 2; moq. IX. 10. ind.1).
adamianis, sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos ganviTarebis mravalferovneba

ganapirobebs aseTi saxis amocanebis sixSires samoqalaqo ganaTlebaSi.
sxvadasxva Rirebulebisa da garemo–pirobebis mqone adamianebisa Tu
sazogadoebebis cxovrebaSi msgavseba-gansxvavebebis argumentirebulad
axsna damokidebulia Sesabamisi informaciis flobasa da kriteriumebis
SerCevaze. swored am TvalsazrisiT uwevT moswavleebs movlenebis
erTmaneTTan dakavSireba da procesebis kanonzomierebis aRmoCena,
magaliTad:
• isini msjeloben saqarTveloSi moqalaqeTa Tanasworuflebianobis
garantiebze.
• msjeloben, ramdenad aris maT klasSi demokratiuli garemo (mag.:
aris Tu ara Tanasworobis, urTierTpativiscemis, TanamSromlo-
bis atmosfero, SeuZlia Tu ara nebismier moswavles Tavisuflad
gamoxatos sakuTari azri diskusiebisa da ganxilvis dros).
• adamianis romelime moTxovnilebas Seusabameben adamianis garkveul
uflebas (mag.: kveba – sicocxlis, Sromis da sxva uflebebi; urT-
ierToba – sicocxlis, sityvis, Sromis, usafrTxo garemosa da sxva
uflebebi da a.S.) da asabuTeben sakuTari pasuxis marTebulobas.
• moswavle CamoTvlis saxelmwifos demokratiulobis principebs
(mag.: xelisuflebis danawileba da warmomadgenlobiTiba, mraval-
partiuloba, sityvis Tavisufleba da a.S.) da TiToeulis mixed-
viT axasiaTebs saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mmarTvelobas; adarebs
romelime sxva demokratiul saxelmwifos; analizis safuZvelze
akeTebs daskvnas, Tu romeli mmarTvelobaa ufro demokratiuli.
30
• TanaklaselebTan erTad msjelobs, ra sWirdeba adamians arsebo-
bisTvis da Seusabamebs maT sakuTar survilebs; CamoTvlis adamia-
nis moTxovnilebebisa da survilebis dakmayofilebis gzebs.
• wers Txzulebas „razea damokidebuli Cemi (an Cveni) keTildReo-
ba?“, sadac sxvadsxva sagnidan (mag.: istoria, geografia, bunebisme-
tyveleba d a.S.) miRebuli informaciisa da statistikuri analizis
meTodebis gamoyenebiT asabuTebs sakuTar pozicias.
(ix.: esg. moq. IX. 1. ind. 3; moq. IX. 2. ind. 3; moq IX. 3. ind. 1; moq. IX. 4.
ind. 1, 4 da 5; moq. IX. 6. ind. 5; moq. IX. 7. ind. 3-4; moq. IX. 8. ind. 1, 2, 3;
moq. IX. 9. ind. 1 da 3; moq. IX. 10. ind. 1-4).
samoqalaqo ganaTlebaSi sakmaod xSirad gamoiyeneba SeuTavseblobis

aRmofxvris amocanebi, rac exmareba moswavles, rom raime sakiTxze gadaw-
yvetilebis miRebamde gamoricxos uaryofiTi faqtorebi. SeuTavseblobis
aRmoCena efuZneba Sedareba-Sepirispirebisa da dakavSireba-kanozomierebis
dadgenis Sedegebs. SeuTavseblobis aRmofxvra ki ukve iTxovs garkveul
SemoqmedebiT midgomas. am tipis amocanebi vrceldeba samoqalaqo gana-
Tlebis sxvadasxva Sinaarsobriv mimarTulebebze.
Zalian mniSvnelovania movlenebisa da procesebis SeuTavseblobis
sakiTxis ganxilva ZiriTad RirebulebebTan, anu kriteriumebTan, mimarTe-
baSi. arsebiTia sxvadasxva adamianisa Tu sazogadoebebisaTvis damaxasi-
aTebel RirebulebaTa sistemebs Soris SeuTavseblobis aRmofxvris amo-
canebi. samoqalaqo ganaTlebis swavlebisas aseTi tipis amocanebi ZiriTa-
dad exeba cxovrebiseul sakiTxebs, magaliTad:
• moswavle monawileobs saklaso diskusiaSi „ra moxdeboda, yve-
las rom hqondes mxolod ufleba da ar gaaCndes movaleoba?
saWiroa Tu ara pasuxismgebloba da risTvis?“;
• ajgufebs kanonebs, romlebic Seesabameba mis zneobriv Rireb-
ulebebs da romlebic misTvis miuRebelia; asabuTebs sakuTar
pozicias.
• xsnis, Tu ratom evaleba adamians kanonis dacva; asaxelebs im
saSiSroebas, rac mosdevs arakanonier moqmedebas;
• adarebs sxvadasxva (konservatorul, socialistur, liber-
alur, religiur da sxva) mosazrebas Tanasworobisa da Tavisu-
flebis Sesaxeb; irCevs misTvis yvelaze misaRebs.
• aRwers im saSiSroebas, rac mosdevs mozardebis mier Tambaqos,
alkoholisa da narkotikebis gamoyenebas; ganixilavs Sesabam-
is statiskur monacemebs saqarTvelos, mezobeli qveynebisa da
msoflios magaliTebze; asaxelebs prevenciuli RonisZiebebis
efeqtur magaliTebs;
31
• TanaklaselebTan erTad ajgufebs xelisuflebis sxvadasxva
Stos (aRmasrulebeli, sakanonmdeblo da sasamarTlo) da ga-
nasxvavebs maT funqciebs.
(ix.:esg. standarti moq. IX. 1. ind. 1; moq. IX. 3. ind. 1-4; moq. IX. 4. ind.
3-5; moq. IX. 5. ind. 3; moq. IX. 6. ind. 5; moq. IX. 7. ind. 1 da 3; moq. IX. 8.
ind. 5; moq. IX. 10. ind. 1-4).
sxvadasxva obieqtze, movlenaze an procesze Sexedulebebis Secvlas

an ganmtkicebas xels uwyobs iseTi tipis davalebebi, sadac moswavles
gansxvavebuli versiebidan uwevs informaciis Sejereba an sxvadasxva
poziciidan movlenis Sefaseba da Semdeg – Sedareba. igi alternatiuli
variantebidan misTvis misaRebs adgens da klasSi diskusiis Sedegad
SesaZloa Tavisi Sexeduleba Seicvalos an ganamtkicos. raime arCevanTan/
gadawyvetilebasTan dakavSirebiT meti pasuxismgeblobis asaRebad Zalian
mniSvnelovania alternativebis ganxilva sxvadasxva poziciidan. moswavlis
kritikuli azrovnebis gansaviTareblad aranakleb mniSvnelovania axlo
Tu Soreuli warsuli gamocdilebis gadasinjva mocemul drosa da
viTarebaSi. samoqalaqo ganaTlebisas aseT amocanebs gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba eniWeba, magaliTad:
• Tanaklaselebs axsenebs me-7 klsSi SemuSavebul saklaso konsti-
tuciis Sinaarss; acnobs maT dokumentSi Sesatani cvlilebebisa
da damatebebis proeqts; sakuTari mosazrebis dasabuTebisas icavs
reglaments;
• wers Txzulebas socialuri daavadebebis (mag.: alkoholizmi,
narkomania, Sidsi, tuberkulozi da a.S.) mqone adamianebis mimarT
sazogadoebis damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, sadac asabuTebs sakuTar
pozicias mis mier aRwerili urTierTobis samarTlianobis Ses-
axeb;
• Tanaklaselebis jgufTan erTad irCevs romelime saxelmwifo or-
ganos (mag.: gamgeoba/meria, parlamenti, sasamarTlo, saministro
da a.S.) da monawileobs Sesabamis simulaciur TamaSSi „samsaxuris
erTi dRe“.
(ix.: esg. standarti moq. IX. 2. ind. 7; moq. IX. 4. ind. 3-5; moq. IX. 6.
ind. 4-6; moq. IX. 7. ind. 1-4; moq. IX. 8. ind. 1-5; moq. IX. 9. ind. 2-3; moq. IX.
10. ind. 3-4).
32
7. cdis Catareba
samoqalaqo ganaTlebis miRebisas mniSvnelovania ama Tu im ideis,

mosazrebis, Tvalsazrisis realurobis dadgena. adamianis, sazogadoebisa
da saxelmwifos ganviTarebis kanonzomierebaTa Seswavla moswavlisTvis
unda iyos TvalsaCino da damajerebeli, asaxuli misive cxovrebiseul
gamocdilebaSi. aRniSnuli miznis misaRwevad gamoiyeneba eqsperimentic.
es gulisxmobs garkveuli mosazrebis, varaudis an kanonzomierebis
realurobis Semowmebas da gaanalizebas moswavleebis mier, magaliTad:
• TanaklaselTa jgufTan erTad moswavle gaiTamaSebs situacias,
rodesac Seilaxeba adamianis Rirseba an Tavisufleba; gamoTqvams
da asabuTebs Tavis mosazrebas am Rirebulebebis mniSvnelobis Ses-
axeb; gadmoscems sakuTar gancdebs (mag.: rodis grZnobs, rom sxve-
bze arc ukeTesia da arc uaresi; rodis grZnobs, rom Rirseulad
iqceva);
• Tanaklaselebis jgufTan erTad irCevs romelime saxelmwifo or-
ganos (mag.: gamgeoba/meria, parlamenti, sasamarTlo, saministro
da a.S.) da monawileobs Sesabamis simulaciur TamaSSi „samsaxuris
erTi dRe“;
• Tanaklaselebis jgufTan erTad moiZiebs informacias romelime
arCeviTi Tanamdebobis an organos (mag.: skolis direqtoris, depu-
tatis, meris an sxva) Sesaxeb da simulaciur arCevnebSi asrulebs
misTvis gankuTvnil rols (mag.: amomrCeveli, kandidati, mxardam-
Weri, damkvirvebeli, Jurnalisti, samarTaldamcavi da sxv.); erT-
maneTs adarebs navaraudeb da miRebul Sedegebs, ris safuZvelzec
TanaklaselebTan erTad afasebs TiToeuli monawilis rols/funq-
cias.
(ix.: esg.standarti moq. IX. 2. ind. 4; moq. IX. 3. ind. 3; moq. IX. 6. ind.
6; moq. IX. 7. ind. 2).
8. kvleva-Zieba
rogorc Teoriuli, ise savele kvleva-Zieba aris problemis gadaWris

amocanebis safuZveli. samoqalaqo ganaTlebis mizania, rom moswavles
sxvadasxva cxovrebiseul situaciidan argumentirebuli daskvnebis
gamotanis unari ganuviTardes. aseTi gadawyvetilebis dasabuTeba, umravles
SemTxvevaSi, iTxovs sxvadasxva masStabis kvlevas gadawyvetilebis
mimRebisgan – moswavlisgan. Sesabamisad, sagnis swavlebisas aseTi
aqtivobebi xSirad gamoiyeneba, magaliTad, moswavle:
• sakuTar dasaxlebaSi (regionSi) irCevs erT-erT sazogadoebriv
organizacias da moiZiebs informacias mis Sesaxeb; msjelobs am
organizaciis Seqmnis mizezebsa da miznebze;
33
• moiZiebs masmediis saSualebiT gamoqveynebul informacias miusa-
fari bavSvebis Sesaxeb, aanalizebs mas da Tanaklaselebs warudgens
am problemis mogvarebis sakuTar gegmas;
• yoveldRiuri moxmarebis sagnebidan (mag.: sakvebi, tansacmeli, sas-
kolo nivTebi da sxv.) irCevs romelimes da TanmimdevrobiT aRwers
yvela etaps misi Seqmnidan moxmarebamde; daxarjul resursebs ti-
pebis mixedviT (bunebrivi, adamianuri, kapitaluri) gamoyofs;
• wers Txzulebas „razea damokidebuli Cemi (an Cveni) keTildReo-
ba?“, sadac sxvadsxva sagnidan (mag.: istoria, geografia, bunebisme-
tyveleba d a.S.) miRebuli informaciisa da statistikuri analizis
meTodebis gamoyenebiT asabuTebs sakuTar pozicias;
• sakuTari SesaZleblobebisa da miznebis analizis safuZvelze asax-
elebs saqmianobis im sferos, romelsac savaraudod ukavSirebs
sakuTar momaval moRvaweobas; klasSi gamoavlens Tanamoazreebs,
romlebTan erTadac agrovebs informacias am sferos Sesaxeb da
misi mimoxilvis Semdeg akeTebs ganacxads mini-proeqtisTvis „Cemi
momavali profesia da kariera“;
• maswavleblis daxmarebiT, TanaklaselTa jgufTan erTad saxavs im
gzebs, romlebic daexmareba mas profesiis arCevisas, rac gulisx-
mobs: informaciis moZiebisa da analizis etapebs, vadebs, gamosay-
enebli meTodebis (mag.: gamokiTxva, interviu, adgilze gacnoba da
a.S.) gansazRvras.
(ix.: esg.standarti moq. IX. 2. ind. 5; moq. IX. 4. ind. 2-3; moq. IX. 6. ind.
5; moq. IX. 7. ind. 1-3; moq. IX. 8. ind. 5; moq. IX. 9. ind. 1-3; moq. IX. 10. ind.
1-4).
9. SemoqmedebiTi midgomis gamoyenebis/gadawyvetis originaluri gzis

Zieba
nebismieri socialuri, ekonomikuri Tu politikuri xasiaTis

problemis gadaWrisas mniSvnelovania SemoqmedebiTi midgomis gamoyeneba.
pirovnuli Tu sazogadoebrivi problemebis gadaWris ucvleli receptebi
praqtikulad ar arsebobs. kacobriobis gamocdilebiT gamovlenili
mdgradi kanonzomierebebis zedmiwevniT codna swored imitom aris
sasargeblo, rom isini sxvadasxva gamowvevisa Tu amocanis ukve arsebuli
gamocdilebis didi Tu mcire gardaqmnisaken gvibiZgeben. swored es
aris kacobriobis ganviTarebis mTavari kanonzomiereba. samoqalaqo
ganaTlebisas am midgomaze dafuZnebiT moswavleebs xSirad sTavazoben
problemis gadawyvetis sakuTari gzis Camoyalibebas. SemoqmedebiTi/
originaluri midgoma moswavleebs problemuri tipis amocanis sxvadasxva
etapze uwevT, magaliTad, moswavle:
• sakuTari skolis, dasaxlebis an qveynis magaliTze CamoTvlis
34
sakiTxebs, romelTa gadasawyvetad, misi warmodgeniT, mniSvnelova-
nia umravlesobis azris gamovlena (mag.: plebisciti, referendumi,
gamokiTxva, arCevnebi da a.S.);
• TanaklaselebTan erTad qmnis mSvidobian garemosTvis saWiro
yoveldRiuri qcevis saxelmZRvanelo dokuments (mag.: bukleti,
plakati, samaxsovro baraTi).
• zepirad an werilobiT warmoadgens TanaklaselTa jgufTan erTad
momzadebul demokratiuli klasis/skolis models; mohyavs argu-
mentebi sakuTari daskvnebis dasamtkiceblad;
• sakuTari dasaxlebis magaliTze ganixilavs sazogadoebis rols
demokratiis mSeneblobaSi; msjelobs sazogadoebisa da mmarTv-
elobis organoebis TanamSromlobaze;
• sakuTari SesaZleblobebisa da miswrafebebis analizis safuZvelze
wers Txzulebas „rogor mesaxeba Cemi momavali kariera“ (dasaxu-
li miznebi da maTi miRwevis gzebi, sasurveli da gardauvali mov-
lenebi, misi Canafiqris Sesabamisoba sazogadoebriv interesebTan);
Txzulebas warudgens Tanaklaselebs.
(ix.: esg.standarti moq. IX. 1. ind. 4; moq. IX. 2. ind. 6-7; moq. IX. 3. ind.
3-4; moq. IX. 4. ind. 2 da 4; moq. IX. 5. ind. 2; moq. IX. 7. ind. 4; moq. IX. 8.
ind. 4-5; moq. IX. 10. ind. 4).
problemuri amocanis tipebi ucxo enaSi
1. problemis gadaWra SezRuduli SesaZleblobebiT
a) SezRuduli saSualebebiT sakiTxavi amocanebis gadaWra;

b) SezRuduli saSualebebiT mosasmeni amocanebis gadaWra;
g) SezRuduli saSualebebiT weriTi amocanebis gadaWra;
d) SezRuduli saSualebebiT zepirmetyvelebiTi amocanebis gadaWra.
ucxo enaSi moswavleebs enis arasakamrisi codna aqvT rogorc

informaciis gasagebad, ise mis gadasacemad weriTi Tu zepiri gziT, anu
maT SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi aqvT iseTi problemebis gadasaWrelad,
rogoric aris informaciis aRqma Tu gacema. am problemis gadasaWrelad
maT unda gamoiyenon garkveuli strategiebi (ix.: esg. ucx. standarti IX.
19; IX. 3; IX. 8; IX. 22 da sxva).
ucxo enaSi aseTi tipis problemis gadaWra mouwevs moswavles,

roca:
35
a) mas moeTxoveba zepiri Tu werilobiTi teqstis Seqmna konkretuli
mizniT. magaliTad, sareklamo bukletis/ teleprogramis/zepiri
gamosvlis/reportaJis momzadeba garkveuli miznobrivi jgufisaTvis;
b) mas dasaxuli enobrivi miznebis (mag.: garkveuli enobrivi

konstruqciebis, gramatikuli struqturebis, leqsikis gadaTamaSeba)
gaTvaliswinebiT problemur situaciaSi davayenebT.
ucxo enaSi moswavle aseTi tipis problemas gadaWris, roca
a) mas uwevs gansxvavebul kulturul da enobriv TaviseburebaTa

Sedareba–Sepirispireba (ix.: esg. ucx. standarti, IX. 26; X., 30, 31; XI. 22
da sxva);
b) misgan viTxovT movlenebis, faqtebisa da adamianebis Sefasebas, maT
Sesaxeb azris gamoxatvas (ix.:esg. ucx. IX. 5; X. 8; X. 22; da sxva).
4. kanonzomierebis aRmoCena, dakavSireba
ucxo enaSi es problema ZiriTadad gramatikuli meqanizmebis amocnoba-

gamoyenebas ukavSirdeba.
5. SeuTavseblobis aRmofxrva
am problemaSi igulisxmeba:
a) im socialur–kulturuli xasiaTis mizezebis aRmoCena, romelTac
gamoiwvies an SeiZleba gamoiwvion komunikaciis warumatebloba konkretul
sakomunikacio situaciaSi;
b) leqsikur-gramatikul SeusabamobaTa gamovlena.
am problemaSi igulisxmeba gansxvavebuli kulturis/individulaobis

mqone adamianTa Sesaxeb, maTi qcevis, zne-Cveulebebis, damokidebulebebis
Sesaxeb arsebuli stereotipuli Sexedulebebis aRmofxvra.
7. SemoqmedebiTobis gamovlena
am problemis winaSe maSin dgeba moswavle, roca eZleva ama Tu im

tipis teqstis SeqmnasTan dakavSirebuli davalebebi. magaliTad, komiqsis
mixedviT Txzulebis mofiqreba, dawyebuli ambis dasruleba, sakvanZo
sityvebze dayrdnobiT ambis SeTxzva da sxva.
36
problemuri amocanis tipebi saxviT da gamoyenebiT
xelovnebaSi/SromiT swavlebaSi
1. arCevanis gakeTeba, gadawyvetilebis miReba
am SemTxvevaSi ganixileba iseTi problemuri situaciebi, sadac moswav-

les uxdeba arCevanis gakeTeba ideasTan, TemasTan, masalasTan, gadawyvetis
mxatvrul xerxebTan dakavSirebiT (ix.: esg. standarti s.g.VII.2; s.g.VII4;
s.g. VIII.1; s.g. VIII.2; s.g. IX.1; s.g. IX.3; da sxva).
2. Sedareba-Sepirispreba
am dros moswavles moeTxoveba namuSevris kritikuli analizi (ix.: esg.

standarti s.g. VII.11; s.g.VII.12; ; s.g.VIII.8; s.g.VIII.10; s.g.VIII.11; s.g. IX.6;
s.g. IX.7; s.g. IX.8; s.g. X.3; s.g. X.5 da sxva).
3. eqsperimenti
am dros moswavle, miznis Sesabamisad, atarebs eqsperimentebs masaliT,

mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiT xerxebiT da ideebiT (ix.: esg. standarti
s.g.VII.2; s.g. IX.1 da sxv.).
am dros moswavles ara aqvs mocemulobis SesrulebisTvis saWiro ma-

sala, ar icis misi gamoyenebis pirobebi an Sesrulebis xerxebi.
5. kvleva-Zieba
am tipis amocanebSi moswavle ikvlevs masalis, teqnikis SesaZleblo-

bebs, xelovnebis nimuSebs, xelovnebis rols sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi,
cnobil xelovanTa Semoqmedebas da mis rols xelovnebis istoriaSi (ix.:
esg. standarti s.g.VIII.12; s.g.VIII.13; s.g. IX.1; s.g. IX.6; s.g. IX.8; s.g. IX.9;
s.g. IX.10).
6. SemoqmedebiTi midgoma
am tipis amocanebSi moswavle davalebas originaluri gziT asrulebs;

magaliTad, namuSevarSi daSvebul Secdomas gadaaqcevs SemoqmedebiT mid-
gomad (ix.: standarti esg. s.g.VII.1; s.g.VIII.1; s.g. IX.1; s.g. IX.3 da sxv.).
37
problemuri amocanis tipebi musikaSi
am tipis amocanebis dros moswavles moeTxoveba:
a) repertuaris SerCeva (ix.: esg.standarti musika IX.3; VIII.1);

b) Sesrulebis xerxebis SerCeva (ix.: standarti musika IX.1);
g) upiratesobis miniWeba romelime SemsruleblisTvis, nawarmoebisTvis
(ix.: esg. standarti musika IX.3; IX.6).
a) erTi da imave nawarmoebis sxvadasxva interpretaciis Sedareba-

Sepirispireba;
b) erTi da imave Janris sxvadasxva nawarmoebis Sedareba-Sepirispire-
ba (ufro martiv doneze Sesrulebis xerxebis (neli-Cqari...), sxvadasxva
tembris Sedareba-Sepirispireba) (ix.: esg. standarti musika VIII.12;
IX.10).
3. dakavSireba -kanonzomierebis aRmoCena
a) garkveuli Janris kanonzomierebebis aRmoCena am JanrSi Seqmnili

nawarmoebebis gacnobis gziT. magaliTad, saopero Janris kanonzomierebebi:
siuJeti gadmoicema simReriT, scenuri moqmedebiT da orkestris
saSualebiT (ix. esg. standarti musika IX.10);
b) kompozitoris stilis Taviseburebebis danaxva misi nawarmoebebis
gacnobis gziT (ix.: esg. standarti musika IX.10);
g) musikos-Semsruleblis stilis damaxasiaTebeli niSan-Tvisebebis,
momRerlis vokaluri xmis Taviseburebebis aRmoCena misi Semoqmedebis
gacnobis Sedegad.
a) moswavleTa mier Seqmnili musikalur-dramatuli kompoziciis

(musikaluri nawarmoebis) dasaxelebul ideasTan, SinaarsTan Seusabamobis
aRqma da gamosavlis Zieba (ix.: esg. standarti musika VIII.2);
38
b) repeticiis dros partniorebis SeuTanxmebeli, gancalkevebuli
Sesrulebis danaxva da cvlilebebis SemoTavazeba (ix.: esg. standarti
musika X.5);
g) sakoncerto repertuaris Sedgenisas saerTo qargidan Seusabamo
nomrebis amoReba an Secvla.
am tipis amocanebi iTvaliswinebs siaxleebis ise miwodebas, rom

garkveuli Janris damaxasiaTebeli, ganmsazRvreli Taviseburebebi/
garkveuli nawarmoebis Sesrulebis Camoyalibebuli stili, xerxebi,
SeiZleba Zireulad Seicvalos. es cvlileba, SesaZlebelia, sruliad
damajerebeli gaxdes da Janri/ nawarmoebi axali kuTxiT dagvanaxos.
magaliTad:
a) garkveul JanrSi nawarmoebis Seqmnisas novatoruli xerxebis Setana

(magaliTad, l.v. beThovenis me-9 simfoniaSi gundis Semoyvana);
b) cnobili simReris axleburi gaazreba (magaliTad, simReris „Cemo
cicinaTela“ Tanamedrove varianti);
g) nawarmoebis sxvagvari, axleburi interpretacia (magaliTad, f.
Sopenis nawarmoebebi v. gorovicis SesrulebiT) (ix.:esg. standarti musika
X.7).
6. cda
am tipis amocanebis dros moswavle atarebs eqsperiments:
a) xmebiT, bgerebiT, magnitofonis, kompiuteris gamoyenebiT (ix.: esg.

standarti musika X.1);
b) musikis Sesruleba sxvadasxva akustikur pirobebSi (ix.: esg.
standarti musika X.1).
7. kvleva-Zieba
moswavles moeTxoveba romelime epoqis, kompozitoris, Semsruleblis,

sakravis da a.S. Seswavla, vizualuri, audio masalis moZieba, gamokvleva
(ix.: esg. standarti musika IX.8; X.2; X.4; X.7).
moswavle davalebas (nawarmoebis Seqmna, nawarmoebis Sesruleba)

asrulebs originaluri gziT (ix.: esg.standarti musika IX. 1; IX. 3; X.1.).
39
problemuri amocanis tipebi maTematikaSi
arsebobs problemis gadaWris gzis ramdenime alternatiuli varianti,

saidanac moswavlem unda gaakeTos arCevani. magaliTebi:
amocanis konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT irCevs, ra ufro mizanSe-
wonilia – moqmedebaTa Sedegis Sefaseba, Sedegis miaxloebiTi
Tu zusti mniSvnelobis povna (mag.: „sayofacxovrebo“ amocana,
romeliSic ramdenime sagnis SesaZenad sakmarisi Tanxis qonaze/
arqonazea saubari (ix.: esg. maT. IX.2.)).
amocanis konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT irCevs Sesaferis Semaja-
mebel ricxviT maxasiaTeblebs, asabuTebs Tavis arCevans, iTv-
lis da iyenebs maT monacemTa erTobliobebis dasaxasiaTeblad/
Sesadareblad (ix.: esg. maT. IX.13.).
irCevs da iyenebs gantolebaTa/utolobaTa sistemis amoxsnis
xerxs (mag.: Casmis, Sekrebis
Sekrebis); grafikulad gamosaxavs amonax-
sens da axdens amonaxsnis simravlur interpretacias (ix.: esg.
maT. X.7.).
gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, eqspertebis azris gaTvaliswinebis
mizniT, adgens martiv eqspertul sistemas – models, romlis
mixedviTac unda Catardes eqspertebis gamokiTxva, gamokiTxvis
Sedegebis organizeba da gadawyvetilebis miReba.
2. Sedareba / Sepirispireba
obieqtebis da movlenebis aRwera, maTi daxasiaTeba da Sedareba.

monacemebis analizis safuZvelze ori an ramdenime modelis Sedareba.
magaliTebi:
moswavle asrulebs gamoTvlebs da adarebs or martivad dar-
icxul saprocento ganakveTs, sxvadasxvagvar fasdaklebas, da-
begvras. msjelobs maT Soris arsebul gansxvavebaze (ix.: esg.
maT. IX.4.);
erTmaneTs adarebs sxvadasxva poziciur sistemas. msjelobs
ricxvebis Cawerisas TiToeulis upiratesobaze (mag.: aTo-
biTi poziciuri sistema, romauli, egvipturi – sadac aTis
xarisxebisTvis Sesabamisi ricxviTi saxelebi/ieroglifebi ar-
sebobda (ix.: esg. maT. X.2.));
ori geometriuli obieqtis (figuris) Sedarebisas gansaz-
Rvravs da iyenebs ricxviT maxasiaTeblebs, magaliTad, wveroe-
40
bis, wiboebis, waxnagebis raodenobas; eileris maxasiaTebels.
ori grafis Sedarebisas iyenebs wveroebis raodenobas, maT ind-
eqsebs da sxva ricxiT maxasiaTeblebs.
3. kavSiris dadgena
moswavles moeTxoveba struqturebis, obieqtebisa Tu movlenebis

dakavSireba; Teoriuli codnis gamoyeneba realur viTarebaSi.
iyenebs funqciebsa da maT Tvisebebs realuri viTarebis mod-
elirebisas da mis Sesaswavlad (ix.: esg. maT. XI.5).
iyenebs ricxvis xarisxsa da logariTms, xarisxisa da loga-
riTmis Tvisebebs praqtikuli saqmianobidan an mecnierebis sx-
vadasxva dargebidan momdire amocanebis amoxsnisas (mag.: en-
tropia biologiasa da fizikaSi, radioaqtiuri daSla da da-
TariRebis meTodebi (ix.: esg. maT. XI.4.)).
funqciis (magaliTad, kvadratuli) udidesi/umciresi mniSvn-
elobis dadgena geometriuli da algebruli meTodiT. maT So-
ris kavSiris dadgena.
mocemuli sasruli albaTuri sivrcisaTvis aRwers SemTxvevi-
Tobis warmomqmnel mowyobilobas, romlis albaTur modelsac
warmoadgens es sivrce, asabuTebs mowyobilobis dizains.
4. kanonzomierebis aRmoCena. kanonzomierebidan gadaxris aRmoCena
moswavles moeTxoveba damzerili movlenis, faqtebis an monacemebis

safuZvelze garkveuli kanonzomierebis dadgena. iseTi modelis ageba,
romelic Seesabameba miRebul Sedegebs. iseTi algebruli gamosaxulebis
(funqciis, gantolebis) Sedgena, romelic Seesabameba miRebul
monacemebs.
magaliTebi:
sididis cvlilebis (maT Soris, realur viTarebaSi) gamo-
saxvisas adgens gantolebas, romelic gamosaxavs am sididis
damokidebulebas droze.
dawyvilebuli monacemebisTvis qmnis gafantulobis diagramas,
Tvisebrivad aRwers mis formas (romelime wiris, magaliTad,
wrfis, parabolis, midamoSi koncentracia), agebs saukeTeso
misadagebis wrfes (ix.: esg. maT. XII.8.).
mocemuli SerCevis SemTxvevaSi asaxelebs faqtorebs, romleb-
sac SeuZliaT zegavlena iqonion populaciis Sesaxeb SerCevis
mixedviT gamotanili daskvnebis saimedoobaze (mag.: gazomvis
41
sizuste, SerCevis warmomadgenlobiToba (ix.: esg. maT. XII.8.)).
geometriuli obieqtebis saxeobis Seswavlis safuZvelze pou-
lobs iseT maxasiaTebels, romelic saerToa am saxeobisaTvis
(magaliTad, eileris maxasiaTebeli mravalwaxnagebisaTvis).
svams kiTxvebs monacemebis Sesaxeb an/da axasiaTebs monacemebs,
romlebic warmodgenilia siis, cxrilis, piqtogramis an dia-
gramis saxiT, msjelobs arsebul kanonzomierebebsa da gamor-
Ceul monacemebze (ix.: esg. maT. VII.16.).
mocemuli algebruli gamosaxulebisaTvis eZebs iseT kontrma-
galiTs, romelic am gamosaxulebiT aRweril savaraudo kanon-
zomierebas ewinaaRmdegeba.
5. varaudis/hipoTezis gamoTqma (dasabuTeba an uaryofa)
dakirvebis an/da gavrcelebuli Sexedulebis Sedegad Camoyalibebuli

varaudi, hipoTeza an Sexedulebis mkacri maTematikuri dasabuTeba an
uaryofa damatebiTi monacemebis Segrovebis da analizis safuZvelze.
magaliTad:
movlenis (maT Soris, realur viTarebaSi) aRwerisas gamoyeneb-
uli modelis cdomilebis Sefaseba. cdomilebis mizezebis dad-
gena (magaliTad, parametrebis dadgenis arasakmarisi sizuste,
modelis araadekvaturoba).
erTi aqsiomaturi modelis farglebSi miRebuli de-
bulebis samarTlianoba meore aqsiomatur modelSi.
magaliTad: msjelobs, evklides geometriis romeli debulebebi
sruldeba an ar sruldeba romelime araevklidur geometriaSi
(mag.: cnobilia, rom erT wrfeze mdebare sami wertilidan mx-
olod erTi mdebareobs danarCen ors Soris. samarTliania Tu
ara es debuleba sferuli geometriis SemTxvevaSi? (esg. maT.
XII.6.)).
obieqtTa erTi saxeobisaTvis dadgenili maxasiaTeblis vargi-
sianoba obieqtTa meore saxeobisaTvis. magaliTad: erTnairia
Tu ara eileris maxasiaTeblis mniSvneloba yvela sivrculi
figurisaTvis.
6. kvleva-Zieba, eqsperimenti, cda
eqsperimentis Catareba movlenis aRwerisaTvis Sesabamisi maTematikuri

modelis (magaliTad: gantolebis, funqciis) asagebad, saWiro monacemebis
miRebis mizniT. mocemuli modelis (magaliTad: gantolebis, funqciis)
gamoyenebiT monacemebis miReba da maTi Sedareba am modeliT gamosaxuli
viTarebis Seswavlisas miRebul SedegebTan. magaliTebi:
42
gegmavs SemTxveviTobasTan dakavSirebul eqsperiments, SemTx-
veviTi eqsperimentis Casatareblad erT mowyobilobas Caanacv-
lebs sxva mowyobilobiT da asabuTebs arCevans (ix.: esg. maT.
IX.12.).
atarebs eqsperiments SemTxveviTobis warmomqmneli mowyobi-
lobiT da afasebs cdomilobis albaTobas fardobiTi sixSiris
saSualebiT, msjelobs gansxvavebaze Teoriul (mosalodnel)
Sedegebsa da empiriul (eqsperimentul) Sedegebs Soris.
qmnis SemTxveviTobis warmomqmnel mowyobilobas fardobiTi
sixSiris specialuri/kerZo mniSvnelobis misaRebad (ix.: esg.
maT. VIII.13.).
SemTxveviTobasTan dakavSirebuli eqsperimentis Casatareblad
erT mowyobilobas cvlis misi ekvivalenturi sxva mowyobi-
lobiT da asabuTebs arCevans (ix.: esg. maT. XI.14).
algebruli gamosaxulebis mniSvnelobis gamoTvla ramdenime
gansxvavebuli ricxviTi mniSvnelobisaTvis, am algebruli ga-
mosaxulebis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli hipoTezis/varaudis Semow-
mebis mizniT.
geometriuli obieqtis elementebis zomebis cvlileba (maT So-
ris, kompiuteruli grafikis an/da geometriuli paketis gam-
oyenebiT) am obieqtis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli varaudis/hipoTezis
Semowmebis mizniT.
mocemuli albaTuri modelis Sesabamisi SemTxveviTi sididee-
bis kompiuteruli generireba da SemTxveviTi sidideebis ga-
nawilebaze dakvirveba.
ikvlevs ori maTematikuri modelis ekvivalentobas maTi saSu-
alebiT miRebuli monacemebis Sedarebis safuZvelze;
ikvlevs, Tu ra geometriuli gardaqmna SeiZleba iyos mocemu-
li ori geometriuli gardaqmnis kompozicia; asabuTebs Tavis
mosazrebas. (ix.: esg. maT. IX.9.).
davaleba iZleva an sxvadasxva alternatiuli gziT Sesrulebis

saSualebas, an arsebobs pasuxis sxvadasxva varianti, saidanac moswavles
moeTxoveba gadaWris originaluri gzis mofiqreba. magaliTebi:
geometriuli amocanis amoxsnisas damatebiTi geometriuli
obieqtis ageba da misi gamoyeneba (magaliTad, damxmare monakve-
Tis gavleba);
43
algebruli amocanis amoxsnisas geometriuli meTodis gamoy-
eneba (magaliTad, grafikuli xerxis gamoyeneba wrfivi optimi-
zaciis amocanis amoxsnisas);
diagramis gamoyeneba variantebis daTvlisas;
ori maTematikuri obieqtis Sedarebisas iseTi ricxviTi maxa-
siaTeblis mofiqreba, romelic maT Sedarebas amartivebs (mag-
aliTad, ricxviTi maxasiaTeblis mofiqreba da gamoyeneba ori
grafis izomorfulobis dasadgenad, figurebis danawevreba ori
figuris farTobis/moculobis tolobis dasadgenad).
problemuri amocanis tipebi sabunebismetyvelo sagnebSi
arsebobs problemis gadaWris gzis ramdenime alternatiuli vari-

anti, saidanac moswavlem unda gaakeTos arCevani. moswavles xSirad uwevs
arCevanis gakeTeba – ra saSualebiT warmoadginos miRebuli/mopovebuli
monacemebi, maqsimalurad sarwmuno Sedegis misaRebad konkretul SemTx-
vevaSi ra pirobebSi sjobs eqsperimentis Catareba da a. S. .(ix.: esg. stand-
arti: bun. IX.13. ind.6; bun. X. 4.; bun. X. 12. ind. 4; qim. XI/XII. 5. ind.6.).
amocana moswavlisgan moiTxovs gadawyvetilebis miRebas, magaliTad,

gansazRvreT risTvis gamoiyenebT auqcionidan Semosul Tanxas (ix.: esg.
standarti: bun.X.1.).
3. Sedareba / Sepirispireba
a) moswavles evaleba obieqtebis da movlenebis aRwera da maTi daxa-

siaTeba;
b) moswavles evaleba monacemebis analizi. sabunebismetyvelo sa-
gnebis Seswavlisas moswavles xSirad uxdeba miRebuli Sedegebis analizi,
monacemebis Sejereba da a.S.
magaliTad: Seadare cxovelis xerxemlis forma adamianisas. aRwere
gansxvavebebi maT Soris (ix.: esg. standarti: bun. IX.2. ind.5; bun. IX.5.
ind.3; bun. IX.9. ind.2; bun.IX.10. nd2; bun. IX.10. nd.1; bun. IX.12. ind.6;
bun.X.5.).
44
4. dakavSireba
a) moswavles moeTxoveba struqturebsa Tu movlenebs Soris kavSiris

damyareba;
b) moswavles moeTxoveba Teoriuli codnis realur situaciaSi gamoy-
eneba.
magaliTad: zogi brZolis aRwerisas aRniSnulia, rom brZolis win
jariskacebi saguldagulod banaobdnen da icvamdnen sufTa perangsa da
farajas. ivaraudeT, ratom? (ix.: esg. standarti: bun. IX. 2. ind. 1).
moswavles moeTxoveba kanonzomierebidan gadaxris aRmoCena da misi

Tavidan acilebis gzebis Zieba (ix.: esg. standarti: biol. XI/XII.2.-ind.4).
6. kanonzomierebis aRmoCena, dakavSireba
moswavles moeTxoveba damzerili movlenis, faqtebis an monacemebis

safuZvelze garkveuli kanonzomierebis dadgena (ix.: esg.standarti: bun.
X.3.).
amocanis gadawyvetis Sedegad moswavles obieqtze Sexeduleba Seecv-

leba, daingreva araswori stereotipebi (ix.: esg. standarti: bun. X.3.).
8. eqsperimenti, cda
sabunebismetyvelo sagnebSi aseTi tipis davalebebis Sesruleba mo-

swavleebs xSirad uwevT.
magaliTad: ,,daakvirdi cdis msvlelobas, gaarkvie, ra SedegiT dam-

Tavrda igi, gaanalize monacemi da gamoitane daskvna. upasuxe SekiTxvebs:
1. ra iyo cdis mizani?
2. ratom dainteresda hemerlingi am sakiTxiT?
3. acetabularias ra nawilSia moTavsebuli birTvi?
4. #1 da #2 acetabularias ra nawilebisgan Sedgeboda namyeni
ujredi?
5. ra formis CaCi ganiviTara namyenma acetabulariam?”
(ix.: esg.standarti: bun.VIII. 1.ind.6; bun. IX.9. ind.1; biol. XI/XII.3

ind. 4).
45
9. kvleva-Zieba
moswvleebs evalebT kvlevis monacemebis safuZvelze gaakeTon daskvne-

bi (ix.: esg.standarti: bun. VIII.2.).
davaleba iZleva sxvadasxva alternatiuli gziT Sesrulebis saSu-

alebas an arsebobs pasuxis sxvadasxva varianti, saidanac moswavles
moeTxoveba gadaWris originaluri gzis mofiqreba.
magaliTad: ,,proeqti – megobrebTan erTad moawyveT qoTnis mcenaree-
bis auqcioni, rac skolisTvis damatebiTi Semosavlis wyaro iqneba”. (ix.:
esg. standarti: bun.VII.4. -ind.3).
46
Tavi meoTxe
problemuri amocanebis gadaWra sxvadasxva sagnebSi

kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis gamoyenebiT
qarTuli ena da literatura
magaliTi 1: arCevanis gakeTeba/gadawyvetilebis miReba; Sedareba-

Sepirispireba; problemaze Sexedulebis Secvla; SemoqmedebiTi midgomis
gamoyeneba.
aqtivobis mizani: problemis Sefaseba sxvadasxva poziciidan (per-

sonaJebi, avtori). xvarazmSas mkvlelobis Sefaseba sxvadasxva mxridan
(farsadanis, nestanis, tarielis poziciidan).
aqtivobis masala: SoTa rusTavelis „vefxistyaosani“; „tarielisa da

nestan-darejanis TaTbiri da gamorCeva“, „aqa xvarazmSas Svilis indoeTs
moslva saqorwilod da tarielisagan misi moklva“.
problemis gadaWris etapebi:
problemis gadaWra kritikuli azrovnebis amoqmedebiT
• „nestanma da tarielma moiTaTbires, moeklaT xvarazmSas Ze imitom,

rom...“ – CamoayalibeT mkvlelobis SesaZlo motivebi. ra proble-
mis winaSe aRmoCndnen tarieli da nestani?
• ganixileT problemis gadaWris tarielisa da nestaniseuli gza a)
zneobrivi poziciidan; b) saxelmwifoebrivi poziciidan; g) indi-
vidualuri poziciidan.
• moiZieT teqstSi da gaaanalizeT calkeul personaJTa poziciis am-
saxveli epizodebi (TiToeuli moqmedi gmiri sad da rogor avlens
Tavis pozicias da rogoria es pozicia?).
• sxvadasxva poziciidan SeafaseT poemiseuli gadawyvetileba –
xvarazmSas Zis miparviT mokvla.
problemis gadaWra SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis amoqmedebiT
• imsjeleT problemis gadawyvetis SesaZlo alternativebis Sesaxeb;

alternatiuli gadawyvetilebis Ziebisas gaiTvaliswineT dro, ep-
oqa da kulturuli garemo.
• klasis winaSe warmoadgineT problemis gadawyvetis Tqveneuli gza,
47
imsjeleT argumentebiT (Tqven rogor moiqceodiT tarielis / nes-
tanis adgilas...).
magaliTi 2: arCevanis gakeTeba/gadawyvetilebis miReba; Sedareba-

Sepirispireba; problemaze Sexedulebis Secvla; SemoqmedebiTi midgomis
gamoyeneba.
aqtivobis mizani: problemis Sefaseba sxvadasxva istoriul, socialur–

kulturul da religiur konteqstSi. dawereT wiwolas aRsareba.
aqtivobis piroba: warmoidgineT, rom wiwola Tavs imarTlebs Taname-

mamuleTa winaSe; xsnis, ratom gaiqca brZolidan.
aqtivobis masala: vaJa-fSavelas poema „baxtrioni“; epizodi: „wiwolam

lafiT gagvTxifa, gagveqca codviliani“.
1. gaixseneT epizodi, romelSic laparakia wiwolas bralis Sesaxeb:

„wiwolam lafiT gagvTxifa, gagveqca codviliani”. gaaanalizeT
wiwolas braleuloba, vin aris is, moRalate, moZmeTa gamyidveli
Tu ubralod mxdali adamiani, romelic brZolis, sisxlisRvris
SiSma daZlia;
2. airCieT erT-erTi am variantTagan an warmoadgineT Tqveni vari-
anti. Tqven mier arCeuli varianti/Tvalsazrisi daasabuTeT argu-
mentebiT (mag.: „igi araa gamyidveli, is ubralo mSiSaraa, es kargad
Cans Temis sityvebidan“ da a.S.);
3. gamoTqviT Tqveni azri imis Sesaxeb, Seexo Tu ara wiwolas dana-
Sauli konkretulad vinmes, ratom aris Temi aseTi mkacri wiwolas
mimarT (Sdr. „wiwolas danaSauli aweulia camdina“);
4. gaixseneT epizodi, romelSic aRwerilia wiwolas dedis godeba da
gamokveTeT misi saTqmeli, raze wuxs igi;
5. gaixseneT is garemo, romelSic avtori wiwolas xatavs. hyavs Tu
ara mas vinme Tanamdgomi, ratom? daasabuTeT Tqveni Tvalsazrisi.
6. mas Semdeg, rac mkafiod warmoidgenT wiwolas pirovnebas, mis dana-

Sauls, im garemos, romelSic mas gvixatavs avtori, dawereT Tqven
mier arCeuli tipis adekvaturi aRsareba.
48
sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebi
istoria
magaliTi1.
davaleba 1: arCevanis gakeTeba; Sedareba-Sepirispireba.
aqtivobis mizani: wyaroebis analizze dayrdnobiT hipoTezis gamoTqma.
aqtivobis piroba: mocemuli wyaroebis gamoyenebiT upasuxeT SekiTxvas:

– vin iyvnen es adamianebi da rogor SeiZleba daRupuliyvnen isini?
aqtivobis masala:
wyaro a.
1956 wels mdinare osis napirze, sofel riqolTan (iorkSiris sagrafo),

ingliselma glexma aRmoaCina adamianis Tavis qala da ConCxi. man gamoiZaxa
policia. policiam Zvlebs xeli ar axlo, radgan CaTvala, rom isini ar
ekuTvnoda Tanamedrove epoqas. maT mimarTes arqeologebs.
arqeologebma daiwyes am adgilis gaTxra. gaTxrebis Sedegad maT aR-

moaCines kidev 46 adamianis ConCxi. arqeologebma moaxerxes 35 ConCxis
49
sqesis dadgena. 28 ConCxi iyo mamakacis, ori – qalis, xolo 5 – bavSvis.
arqeologebma aseve gadaxedes adgilobrivi istoriis Sesaxeb literatu-
ras da naxes, rom amave adgilas XIX saukuneSi orjer aRmouCeniaT adami-
anTa ConCxebi. mogvianebiT, 1980 wels, arqeologebma iq kidev 23 adamianis
ConCxi ipoves.
wyaro b.
sofeli riqoli mdebareobda XI saukuneSi momxdari ori didi brZo-

lis adgilTan axlos.
1) fulfordis brZola moxda 1066 wlis 20 seqtembers. norvegielTa

didi armia SeiWra CrdiloeT inglisSi da daamarcxa maTi jari.
2) stemfordbrijis brZola moxda 1066 wlis 25 seqtembers: inglisis

mefe haroldma xangrZliv da sisxlismRvrel brZolaSi daamarcxa norv-
egielTa armia.
wyaro g.
istorikosebma gamoikvlies, iyo Tu ara warsulSi im mindvris max-

loblad, sadac adamianTa ConCxebi aRmoCnda, eklesia. maT daadgines, rom
eklesia am mindvris axlos ar yofila.
• gaaanalizeT a, b, da g wyaroebi da gamoTqviT Tqveni hipo-

Teza, Tu vin iyvnen es adamianebi da rogor SeiZleba daRu-
puliyvnen isini;
• Tqveni mosazreba axseniT werilobiT.
davaleba 2: Sedareba-Sepirispireba; obieqtze Sexedulebis Secvla.
aqtivobis mizani: gamoTqmuli hipoTezis gadamowmeba.
aqtivobis piroba: mocemuli wyaroebis gamoyenebiT gadaamowmeT Tqveni

hipoTeza.
aqtivobis masala:
wyaro d
mecnierebma didi dakvirvebiT Seiswavles ConCxebi. mraval Zvalze

aRmoCnda Wrilobebi, romlebic SeiZleba yofiliyo miyenebuli culis an
50
xmlis dartymis Sedegad.
wyaro e.
anglo-saqsebis xmali
vikingebis iaraRi
wyaro v.
mecnierebma Seiswavles 6 Tavis qalis kbilebi. maT kbilebis saSuale-

biT SeuZliaT daadginon, Tu romel regionSi izrdeboda adamiani – wylis
kvali, romelsac bavSvobaSi svams adamiani, mudmivad rCeba mis kbilebSi.
kbilebze Catarebulma testebma aCvena, rom ConCxebi ekuTvnoda aRmosav-
leT norvegiaSi gazrdil adamianebs.
51
• gaaanalizeT d, e, da v wyaroebi da SeamowmeT Tqven mier gamoTqmu-

li hipoTeza aq gadmocemul informaciasTan dakavSirebiT.
• d, e da v wyaroTagan romeli dagexmaraT yvelaze metad Tqveni hipo-
Tezis SemowmebaSi. ratom TvliT ase?
magaliTi 2: Sedareba-Sepirispireba; gadawyvetilebis miReba; Semoq-

medebiTi midgomis gamoyeneba/gadawyvetis originaluri gzis Zieba.
aqtivobis mizani: gadawyvetilebis miRebis unaris ganviTareba da prob-

lemisadmi SemoqmedebiTi midgomis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba.
aqtivobis piroba: koloniis warmatebiT daarseba amerikaSi – XVI

saukunis bolos inglisma gadawyvita Tavisi metoqisTvis, espaneTisT-
vis, miebaZa da daearsebina koloniebi amerikaSi. 1585 wels ingliselebma
pirveli kolonia daarses rounoukis kunZulze (Roanoke Island) (dRes
amerikis Statis nors korolainas teritoria). ingliselTa pirveli
kolonia male ukvalod gaqra. maT mxolod XVII saukuneSi moaxerxes
koloniebis warmatebiT daarseba amerikaSi. SeiswavleT wyaroebi da Sea-
sruleT davaleba.
aqtivobis masala:
wyaro a.
kolonizaciis es mizezebi maSin gamoqveynda londonSi, rodesac ing-

liselebi rounoukis kolonias aarsebdnen CrdiloeT amerikaSi:
1. urwmunoebs Soris qristianobis gavrceleba ganadidebs RmerTs.

2. dedoflis samflobeloebis gafarToeba gazrdis mis Semosavalsa
da Zlierebas.
3. dedoflis samflobeloSi ufro didi raodenobiT da iafad Semova
tye, zeTi, Rvino da marili.
4. axal miwebze bevria saqonlisa da frinvelis xorci, ris gamoc
Cvens mezRvaurebs kvebis problema ar eqnebaT.
5. gza axali miwebisaken gaSlil zRvaze gadis, amitom Cvens gemebs
Cveni mteri qveynebis napirebidan uecari Tavdasxmis safrTxe ar
emuqrebaT.
6. Cveni gazrdili mosaxleobis nawili momavalSi SeiZleba dasaqmdes
axal miwebze, maRaroebSi, saxnav-saTes mindvrebsa da venaxebSi.
7. koloniebi axali aRmoCenebis SesaZleblobas mogvcems.
52
8. dRes Saqari espaneTidan Semogvaqvs. axal miwebze Cven SegveZleba
moviyvanoT Saqris lerwami, rac gaaiafebs mis Semotanas. amasTan,
aRar gavamdidrebT Cveni saeWvo „megobris“ xazinas.
kolonizaciis mTavari mizezebi, 1585 w.

wyaro b.
naxati, romelic gadmoscems ingliseli kolonistebis mier

indieli beladis datyvevebas virjiniaSi (dRes aSS-is erT-erTi Stati)
1608 wels. msgavs taqtikas indielebis mimarT aseve xSirad iyenebda rou-
noukis koloniis erT-erTi damaarsebeli ser ralf leini.
wyaro g
nawyveti kapitan artur barlous cnobebidan rounoukis koloniis

daarsebis Sesaxeb:
rounoukis kunZulze miwa yvelaze mdidari, uxvi da nayofieria

msoflioSi, xolo adgilobrivi amerikelebi mSvidi, mosiyvarule da erT-
guli xalxia; isini ar arian boroti da moRalate.
artur barlou, 1585 w.
wyaro d.
nawyveti ingliseli mogzaurisa da mecnieris Tomas harioTis angari-

Sidan rounoukis koloniis Sesaxeb:
adgilobrivi amerikelebi saocrad moxibluli arian spilenZis orna-
53
mentiT. maT Zalian axarebT spilenZis nivTebis Cuqeba.
Tomas harioTi, 1585 w.
wyaro e.
nawyveti ingliseli mogzaurisa da mecnieris jon uaTis cnobebidan

rounoukis koloniis Sesaxeb:
rodesac Cveni gemebi napirs miuaxlovda, davinaxeT, rom kvamli amo-

dioda roanoakis kunZulis im nawilidan, sadac Cven kolonia davtoveT
1587 wels. aman imedi mogvca, rom koloniis nawili mainc dagvxvdeboda
iq. rogorc ki napirze gadmovediT, maSinve gaveSureT kunZulis am nawili-
saken. magram rodesac iq mivediT, vnaxeT, rom saxlebi, romlebSic isini
cxovrobdnen, miwasTan iyo gasworebuli. garSemo iwvoda balaxi da sx-
vadasxva jiSis xe. aqedan yurisaken daviZariT im imediT, rom iq vnaxavdiT
kolonistebis navebs, magram navebi iq aRar dagvxvda. verc maTTvis Cven
mier datovebuli Tofebi vipoveT. roca ukan davbrundiT, Cvenma ramdenime
mezRvaurma gviTxra, rom maT ipoves adamianTa gvamebi.
jon uaiTi, 1590 w.
wyaro v.
XIX saukunis graviura: jon uaiTi brundeba rounoukis kunZulze 1590

wels. mas dasaxleba mitovebuli daxvda. 90 mamakaci, 17 qali da 9 bavSvi,
romlebic man 1587 wels iq datova, ukvalod gaqrnen. erTaderTi, rac man
ipova, iyo dasaxlebaSi Sesasvlel erT-erT boZze amotvifruli sityva
– „kroatoen“ (Croatoan). kroutouni mezobeli mSvidobiani indieli tomis
saxeli iyo. daismis kiTxva: ras unda niSnavdes am sityvis xeze amotvifra?
gauCinarebul kolonistebs eZebdnen rogorc ingliselebi, aseve flori-
daSi mdgomi mtrulad ganwyobili espaneli jarebi, magram maT kvals ver
miakvlies.

54
• gaaanalizeT wyaro a da Tqveni sityvebiT samad daajgufeT masSi
gadmocemuli koloniebis daarsebis mizezebi (mag. ekonomikuri,
politikuri, religiuri).
• Tqven rom iyo koloniis damaarsebeli, ra unaris mqone (mcodne)
adamianebs waiyvandiT Tan koloniis dasaarseblad (maswavlebelma
gamoiyenos „breinstormingi“)?
• gaaanalizeT kidev erTxel wyaroebi a da b. kolonistebisTvis ra
farul safrTxeebze migviTiTeben isini?
• gaaanalizeT kidev erTxel b, g, d, e da v wyaroebi. gamoTqviT varau-
di, Tu ra SeiZleba mosvloda rounoukis kolonias. axseniT, ratom
ar SegviZlia vTqvaT darwmunebiT, Tu ra bedi ewiaT kolonistebs.
• dawereT werili axali koloniebis organizatorebisaTvis,
romelSic gadmoscemT, Tu ra saxis samzadisi da ra safrTxis gaT-
valiswineba sWirdebaT maT, rom ar gaiziaron rounokis koloniis
xvedri.
geografia
magaliTi 1: arCevanis gakeTeba; gadawyvetilebis miReba; Sedareba-

Sepirispireba; dakavSireba; SeuTavseblobis aRmofxvra; obieqtebze Sexed-
ulebis Secvla; kvleva-Zieba; SemoqmedebiTi midgoma.
aqtivobis mizani: demografiuli kvlevis Catareba.
aqtivobis piroba:
nikas hyavs ori megobari, romelTac daumegobrda da maTTan xSiri
mimowera aqvs. indira cxovrobs deliSi da hyavs Svidi da-Zma, knuti ki
– stokholmSi da dediserTaa. nikas umcrosi da dainteresda, Tu rogori
demografiuli viTarebaa im qveynebSi da hgavs Tu ara romelime saqarT-
velos. rogor SeiZleba axsnas nikam es sakiTxi?
aRniSnuli informaciis safuZvelze gTxovT CamoweroT nabijebi, rom-

lebic nikas daexmareba am amocanis ganmartebaSi.
saWiro informacia:
ras niSnavs mosaxleobis aRwarmoeba?
dedamiwaze adamianis TaobaTa mudmivi cvla da ganaxleba, anu mo-

saxleobis aRwarmoeba, mimdinareobs. bunebrivi mateba, romelsac wina
gakveTilze gaecani, gviCvenebs, ra mimarTebaa Sobadobisa da sikvdiliano-
55
bis maCveneblebs Soris drois garkveul monakveTSi. dabali an umniSvnelo
matebisas imaze odnav meti adamiani ibadeba, vidre kvdeba – mosaxleobis
raodenoba TiTqmis ar icvleba, odnav matulobs. amitom TaobaTa aseT
aRwarmoebas martivs uwodeben. TaobaTa cvlis meore saxea gafarToeb-
uli aRwarmoeba. igi bunebrivi matebis maRal maCvenebels gulisxmobs.
gansakuTrebiT mkveTri da swrafi mateba daiwyo XX s-is meore naxevridan
aziis, afrikis da laTinuri amerikis ganviTarebad qveynebSi. am process
xatovnad „demografiuli afeTqeba“ uwodes. arsebobs aRwarmoebis mesame,
sxva tipic — SezRuduli. amgvari aRwarmoebis dros naklebi adamiani
ibadeba, vidre kvdeba — mosaxleobis raodenoba klebulobs.
demografiuli politika – saxelmwifoebi cdiloben gavlena moax-
dinon aRwarmoebaze TavianTi interesebis Sesabamisad. magaliTad, „demo-
grafiuli afeTqeba“, rac qveyanaSi Warb mosaxleobas aCens, bevr arasa-
survel problemas uqmnis saxelmwifos. kerZod, Cndeba sursaTis defi-
citi, rTuldeba janmrTelobis dacvis uzrunvelyofa, izrdeba garemos
dabinZureba da sxv., amitom, aseT SemTxvevaSi, saxelmwifoebi cdiloben
SezRudon Sobadoba. maSin ki, roca aRwarmoeba metismetad dabalia (mar-
tivi an sulac SezRudulia), Cndeba sxva tipis sirTuleebi (mag.: moma-
valSi muSaxelis nakleboba). am SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifoebi atareben iseT
politikas, romelic xels uwyobs Sobadobis zrdas.
cnoba 1. demografiuli politikis magaliTebi: evropa, CineTi. evro-

pis bevr qveyanaSi (gansakuTrebiT, safrangeTsa da aRmosavleTi evro-
pis zogierT qveyanaSi) or da metSviliani ojaxebi saxelmwifosgan iReben
fulad daxmarebas, socialur SeRavaTebs, xelfasis danamatebs, uzrunve-
lyofili arian ukeTesi sacxovrebeli pirobebiT.
CineTSi ojaxebisTvis, romlebsac orze meti Svili hyavT, dawesebulia
56
sxvadasxva socialur-ekonomikuri da samarTlebrivi SezRudva (jarima,
Seferxeba samsaxureobriv winsvlaSi da sxv.). amgvari politikis Sedegad
bunebrivi matebis maCvenebeli yovel aTas mcxovrebze gaangariSebiT Sem-
cirda 28-idan (1988 w.) 10-mde (1997 w.).
cnoba 2. mosaxleobis zrdis waxalisebis pirveli magaliTi evropaSi.

demografiul politikas didi xnis istoria da praqtikuli ganxor-
cielebis mdidari gamocdileba aqvs: romis imperatorebis mier samSvil-
ian ojaxebze privilegiebis dawesebiT da Tanamedrove CineTis politikiT
(„erTi ojaxi — erTi bavSvi“) damTavrebuli.
evropis qveynebidan XVII s-Si safrangeTi iyo pirveli, romelmac mo-
saxleobis zrdis waxalisebis politikis gatareba daiwyo. amis mizezi
iyo germaniasTan 30-wlian omSi (1618-1648) adamianebis didi danakargi da
agreTve, hugenotebis religiuri devniT gamowveuli mosaxleobis mniS-
vnelovani Semcireba.
• gansazRvreT, kidev ra mizezebiT xdeba qveynis mosaxleobis

ricxovnobis SemaSfoTebeli Semcireba, ris gamoc saWiroa demo-
grafiuli politikis gatareba. scadeT problemebis simZafris
mixedviT dalageba.
• gansazRvreT, rogori aRwarmoebis tips ganekuTvneba bunebrivi
mateba saqarTveloSi da werilobiT gamoTqviT Tqveni mosazreba,
rogori unda iyos Cveni qveynis demografiuli politika. Tqveni
argumentirebuli mosazreba warudgineT klass.
magaliTi 2: arCevanis gakeTeba; gadawyvetilebis miReba; Sedareba-

Sepirispireba; dakavSireba; SeuTavseblobis aRmofxvra; obieqtebze Sexed-
ulebis Secvla; kvleva-Zieba; SemoqmedebiTi midgoma.
aqtivobis mizani: mogzaurobis dagegmva.
aqtivobis piroba:
warmoidgineT, rom Tqven xarT „megzurTa klubis“ wevrebi. TqvenTan

Semovida moswavleTa jgufi, romlebmac axlaxan Seiswavles xmelTaSuaz-
Rvis regionis qveynebi da gadawyvites ewvion am regions. Tqveni klubis-
gan isini iTxoven marSrutis Sedgenas. SeecadeT, problemas miudgeT Semo-
qmedebiTad da daugegmoT maT dauviwyari mogzauroba.
57
• gansazRvreT mogzaurobis sawyisi da bolo punqti;

• airCieT sezoni;
• SeadgineT wasaRebi nivTebis sia;
• gansazRvreT, ra droiT midixarT;
• airCieT transportis saxeoba an saxeobebi;
• daasabuTeT Tqveni arCevani;
• SeadgineT marSrutis ruka da daitaneT gasavleli punqtebi;
• airCieT erTi mosalodneli dabrkoleba da aRwereT, rogor da-
ZlevT mas.
• SeagroveT cnobebi gasavleli punqtebis Sesaxeb (gamoiyeneT
ruka, saxelmZRvanelo da enciklopedia);
• warmoadgineT namuSevari plakatis saxiT, romelic Semdgom
reklamas gauwevs Tqvens jgufs.
samoqalaqo ganaTleba
magaliTi 1: arCevanis gakeTeba, gadawyvetilebis miReba.
aqtivobis mizani
mizani: alternativebis kritikulad gaanalizebis safuZ-
velze gadawyvetilebis miRebis swavleba, TanatolebTan urTierTobisas
sakuTari poziciis SenarCuneba
aqtivobis piroba: roca saWiroa, Tqvi – „ara“ !

aris situaciebi, rodesac Cven uyoymanod vambobT – „diax“, Tumca, sinamd-
vileSi, SeiZleba arc ki vicodeT, ras moiTxoven Cvengan. mere ki vnanobT, rom
davTanxmdiT. warmoidgineT, rom adamiani, romelic giyvarT, gawvdiT saRe-
bavis balons da gTavazobs skolis SesasvlelSi kedelze raimes daxatvas an
daweras. ra gadawyvetilebas miiRebT aseT situaciaSi?
• gaixseneT aseTi SemTxvevebi (saWiro ar aris Txrobisas saxelebis

dasaxeleba).
• vidre raime gadawyvetilebas miiRebdeT, gaecaniT sqemas, romelSic
amoikiTxav rCevebs, rogor moiqceT:
58
SekiTxva Tqvi – „ara“ alternativa
dasviT SekiTxvebi TqviT – „ara“, Tu SesTavazeT
imis gasagebad, ra fiqrobT, rom aseTi alternativa (erTi an
SeiZleba moxdes da ramis gakeTeba ramdenime):
Semdeg gadawyviteT, arasworia an, Tu TvliT, „ginda, Seni sayvareli
SeiZleba Tu ara am rom amis gamo SeiZleba momRerlis koncertze
situaciaSi raime usiamovneba SegemTxveT. dagpatiJeb megobrebTan
usiamovneba SegemTxveT Tu uaris Tqmas erTad?“
(mag.: problemebi daapirebT, daasaxeleT „ginda, Zalian magari
SeyvarebulTan, kanonTan, mizezi, ris gamoc ambobT plakati gagikeTo Seni
mSoblebTan, skolaSi an „aras“: oTaxisTvis?“
sakuTar TavTan), mag.: „ara, es saCemo saqme „iqneb CemTan avideT da
„ra unda davxato/ ar aris. vici, araferi musikas movusminoT“ da
davwero?“ gamomiva“; sxva.
„ratom iTxov amis „ara, me siyvaruls ase Tu ar dagTanxmdaT,
gakeTebas Cemgan?“ ar gamovxatav“; gaecaleT.
„mxolod amiT „ara, es gmirobad ar
darwmundebi Cems mimaCnia“;
siyvarulSi?“ „ara, ar minda“ da sxva.
„vin giTxra, rom
SeiZleba amis gakeTeba?“
da sxva.
• waikiTxeT problemuri situaciebi da megobarTan erTad SeavseT

qvemoT moyvanili sqema: marcxena mxares CamowereT SeTavazebebi,
marjvena mxares ki – Sesabamisi kiTxvebi:
1. megobarma SemogTavazaT biZaSvilis manqaniT gaseirneba. roca man-
qana daiZra, man alkoholuri sasmeli amoiRo da mogawodaT;
2. amxanagma giTxraT: „gakveTilis Semdeg moedanze damelode“, – da
jibidan sigareti amoiRo;
3. amxanagebma SemogTavazes gaseirneba. roca bazrobas miuaxlovdiT,
giTxres, rom apireben jixuridan raRacis moparvas;
4. Seyvarebulma dagpatiJaT saxlSi: „wamodi CemTan, saxlSi aravin
iqneba“;
5. megobarma, romelsac ara aqvs marTvis ufleba, mSoblebis daukiTx-
avad gamoiyvana manqana da gepatiJebaT saseirnod;
SeTavazeba SekiTxvebi
ginda, CemTan wavideT? vin iqneba iq?
Seni mSoblebi saxlSi iqnebian?
modi, sigareti gasinje. ra unda gavakeToT?
59
• ramdenad rTuli iyo aseT situaciebSi kiTxvebis dasma?
• ra iyo yvelaze Zneli?
• ras grZnoT, roca kiTxvebs svam?
• ras grZnobT maSin, roca „ara“-s ambob?
• rogor ggoniaT, dagexmarebaT ganxiluli strategia? rogor?
• axla upasuxeT dasmul SekiTxvas?
aqtivobis mizani: sakuTari prioritetebis mkafiod gansazRvris swav-

leba da amis safuZvelze alternatiuli winadadebebidan, prioritetebis
Sesabamisad, saukeTeso arCevanis gakeTeba. miznebidan da SesaZleblobebi-
dan gamomdinare racionaluri (pragmatuli) arCevanis gakeTeba.
aqtivobis piroba: cxovrebaSi mravalgvar gadawyvetilebas viRebT.

zogierTs sulac ar aqvs dilemis saxe, magram es ar niSnavs, rom am Sem-
TxvevaSi ar gvmarTebs dafiqreba. rogor miviRoT gadawyvetileba maSin,
roca bevri SesaZlo varianti gvaqvs asarCevad da bevri sxvadasxva deta-
li unda gaviTvaliswinoT (magaliTad, tansacmlis SerCevisas an, Tundac,
skolis CanTis yidvisas)?
warmoidgineT, rom daojaxdiT da axali samsaxuri Tqveni saxlidan 20

km-is daSorebiTaa. amisTvis apirebT avtomobilis yidvas. romels SeiZen-
diT da ratom?

• am kiTxvaze dasabuTebuli pasuxis CamoyalibebaSi cxrili dagex-
marebaT.
SeecadeT, SeavsoT cxrili mocemuli nimuSis mixedviT
avtomobili sul
• CamoTvaleT ramdenime SesaZlo varianti (ra da ra tipis manqanas

SeiZendiT?).
• CamoTvaleT ramdenime mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebeli, romlis gaT-
valiswinebac gsurT manqanis SeZenisas (magaliTad: tevadoba, sis-
wrafe, fasi, sawvavis xarji da a.S.).
60
• CawereT variantebi da maxasiaTeblebi cxrilSi ise, rogorc ni-
muSzea naCvenebi.
• SeafaseT variantebi TiToeuli maxasiaTeblis mixedviT – mianiWeT
TiToeul variants qula 0-dan (Zalian cudi) 3-mde (Zalian kargi),
SesaZloa, zogierT variants erTnairi qula hqondes.
• CawereT TiToeuli qula Sesabamis ujraSi, variantebis gaswvriv,
rogorc nimuSSia naCvenebi.
• gamoTvaleT TiToeuli variantis jamuri qula (TiToeul rigSi
SekribeT miRebuli qulebi).
• SeadareT variantebis jamuri qulebi (varianti, romelsac yvelaze
maRali jamuri qula aqvs, saukeTesoa).
avtomobilis fasi sabarguli tevadoba komforti sawvavis sul

tipi xarji
sportuli 1 0 0 1 0 2
manqana
limuzini 2 2 1 3 0 8
jipi 2 3 3 3 1 12
magaliTi 3: arCevanis gakeTeba, gadawyvetilebis miReba, Sedareba-

Sepirispireba, SemoqmedebiTi midgomis gamoyeneba/gadawyvetis original-
uri gzis Zieba.
aqtivobis mizani: msgavsi problemis sxvadasxva gadawyvetis Sedareba-

Sepirispireba sakuTari kriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT da imave krite-
riumebze dayrdnobiT am problemis gadaWris originaluri gzis Ziebis
swavleba.
aqtivobis piroba: erT-erTi ganmartebis Tanaxmad, dilema aris situa-

cia, rodesac adamians uwevs arCevanis gakeTeba or Tanabrad arasasiamovno
SesaZleblobas Soris.
daviT aRmaSeneblis mier yivCaRebis Camosaxleba
daviT aRmaSeneblis mefobis periodSi(1089-1125) qarTvelebs gamudme-

biT uwevdaT mravalricxovan mtrebTan omi da maTgan Tavis dacva. yoveli
axali brZola axal, brZolisunarian cvlas da didZal jars moiTxovda.
mefe daviTi gansakuTrebulad zrunavda jarze, mis gawrTvnaze, sulier
simtkicesa da sabrZolo wesrigze, magram maSindeli qarTuli jari mainc
feodalur-patronymuli iyo. yovel feodals sakuTari sabatono laSqari
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hyavda da Tu TviTon ar inebebda, „Tavis jars“ brZolaSi arc ki gamoi-
yvanda an, SesaZloa, „sakuTari jariT“ mefis winaaRmdegac ki gaelaSqra.
amitom mefe daviTma gadawyvita, qarTul jarTan SesaerTeblad da mud-
mivi samxedro samsaxurisTvis CrdiloeTidan yivCaRebi gadmoesaxlebina.
es gadawyvetileba ar iyo advilad misaRebi, radgan mas rogorc dadebiTi,
aseve uaryofiTi mxareebic hqonda.
Camowere da gaanalize daviT aRmaSeneblis gadawyvetilebis dadebiTi

da uaryofiTi mxareebi.
dadebiTi mxare uaryofiTi mxare
• Tqven rogor moiqceodiT imave situaciaSi da ratom?

• ramdenad gamarTlebuli iyo daviT aRmaSeneblis mier ucxo-
tomelebis saqarTveloSi gadmosaxleba? ratom?
62
ucxo ena
franguli ena
problemis gadaWra kritikuli azrovnebis amoqmedebiT:
magaliTi 1: SezRuduli saSualebebiT zepirmetyvelebiTi amocanebis

gadaWra, arCevanis gakeTeba.
aqtivobis mizani: sakuTari Tvalsazrisis/poziciis gamoxatva.
aqtivobis piroba: qvemoT mocemulia aTi mtkicebuleba. SearCieT sami.

TqviT, eTanxmebiT Tu ara da daasabuTeT Tqveni pozicia.
Objectif: exprimer son point de vue
Voici dix affirmations. Retenez-en trois et, pour chacunes d’elles, dites si vous
^etes dáccord ou pas et justifiez votre point de vue.
1. La vie en ville est plus agréable que la vie à la campagne.

2. Le travail est la seule chose qui soit importante
3. Lire ne sert à rien et est une perte de temps
4. Le chômage est moins grave pour les femmes que pour les hommes.
5. Les mathématiques sont plus importantes que les langues vivantes.
6. Les espèces animales dangereuses doivent disparaître.
7. Nos grands-parents avaient une vie plus agréable que la nôtre.
8. On ne peut déposer des déchets nuclaiéaires sur la Lune.
9. On ne peut pas vivre sans voiture.
10. Pour apprendre, la télé est plus important que l’école.

• Tavdapirvelad gaecaniT yvela mtkicebulebas. rame xom ar aris
gaugebari?
• gaixseneT, rogor aigeba msjeloba (msjelobis ganviTarebis
etapebi) da is konstruqciebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba TiToeu-
lisaTvis.
• magaliTebi:
a) mtkicebulebis wardgena (amboben, rom. . . , wamikiTxavs, rom. ..
zogierTi amtkicebs/fiqrobs, rom. . . );
b) sakuTari damokidebulebis gamovlena am mtkicebulebis mimarT
(vfiqrob, rom. . . , Cemi azriT, . .., ara mgonia, rom . . . );
g) sakuTari poziciis gamoxatva da dasabuTeba (ar veTanxebi,
63
radgan..., /imitom, rom . . . , marTlac . . . );
d) saTanado magaliTis moyvana (ase, magaliTad . . . , gavixseneb erT
SemTxvevas . . .);
• SearCieT sami mtkicebuleba (individualurad an wyvilebSi);
• moemzadeT sakuTari poziciis warmosadgenad TiToeul mtkice-
bulebasTan dakavSirebiT;
• moifiqreT argumentebi, moiyvaneT Sesabamisi magaliTebi, Tavi
mouyareT saTanado enobriv masalas (leqsika, enobrivi kon-
struqciebi);
• SegiZliaT mewyvilesTan ivarjiSoT msjelobaSi;
• SeafaseT Tqveni da Tqveni Tanaklaselebis msjeloba – sad
dauSviT Secdoma? gaasworeT Secdomebi.
magaliTi 2: SemoqmedebiTi midgomis gamovlena.
aqtivobis mizani: zRapris/siuJetis gamogoneba da moyola.
aqtivobis piroba:
• xazis gavlebiT SemoxazeT 8 naxati.
• gamoigoneT zRapari/siuJeti, romlis monawile iqneba Tqven
mier arCeuli yvela naxati (siuJeti ase unda daiwyos: iyo da
ara iyo ra...).
Objectif: imaginer, raconter une histoire

1. tracez une ligne passant par huit des dessins ci-des-
sous.
2. Imaginez une histoire dans laquelle devront apparaître
les huit dessins choisis (votre histoire devra commenc-
er par Il était une fois . . . )
64
Pour vous aider
• Attention: votre histoire doit être au passsé (elle commence par Il était
une fois . . . )
• Continuez votre première phrase avec une relative: Il était une fois un(e) .
. . qui . . .
• Utilisez des articulateurs de temps et de succession (Un jour. . . , le lend
emain. . . , ensuite . . . , après avoir . . . , à la fin . . . )
• Il s’agit d’une histoire: vous pouvez tout imaginer!
• gaixseneT daxatuli sagnebis saxelebi;

• kargad gaecaniT amocanis pirobis orive nawils, aseT SemTx-
vevaSi Tqven ufro gamiznulad SemoxazavT sagnebs;
• mTel jgufTan SeaTanxmeT Sefasebis kriteriumebi (sasurve-
lia, win wamoiwios SemoqmedebiTi midgoma – originaluroba da
mdidari warmosaxva; Txrobis etapebis (dasawyisi, Sua nawili,
dasasruli) gamokveTa; Txrobis eqspresiuloba – SinaarsTan
misadageba, intonaciis, metyvelebis tempis, xmis tembris,
leqsikuri simdidre);
• Tu jgufSi muSaobT, jgufis wevrebma gadainawileT funqciebi;
• pirvel rigSi warmoadgineT ideebi;
• daaxarisxeT ideebi da Tavi mouyareT aucilebel enobriv
resursebs (zmnebis uRlebis tabula warsul droSi, Tanamim-
devrobis aRmniSvneli sityvebi, sakvanZo sityvebi da sxva);
• SeadgineT Txrobis gegma;
• Tu jgufSi muSaobT, gaivarjiSeT sxva wevrebis winaSe;
• SeafaseT sakuTari Tavi da Tqveni Tanaklaselebi mocemuli
kriteriumebis mixedviT.
germanuli ena
magaliTi 1: SezRuduli SesaZleblobebiT zepirmetyvelebiTi amocanis

gadaWra; arCevanis gakeTeba.
aqtivobis mizani: sakuTari Tvalsazrisis ucxo (germanul) enaze gamox-

atva da dasabuTeba.
65
aqtivobis piroba: SearCieT mogzaurobisaTvis sasurveli transporti
da daasabuTeT Tqveni arCevani. saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemulia fotoebi
– avtobusis sadguri, aeroporti, avtogasamarTi sadguri avtosadgomi-
TurT, porti, sadguri.
• gaecaniT saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenil fotoebs, sadac asaxu-

lia:
a) der Busbahnhof (avtobusebis sadguri);
b) der Flughafen (aeroporti);
g) die Autoraststätte (avtogasamarTi sadguri avtosadgomiTurT);
d) der Hafen (porti);
e) der Bahnhof (sadguri).
• SearCieT transportis (mogzaurobis formis) TqvenTvis sasurveli

varianti;
• imuSaveT wyvilSi saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili sametyvelo
funqciebis safuZvelze (- Reisen Sie gern? - Wie reisen Sie lieber? - Mit
dem Zug.., Flugzeug... u.s.w. - Warum reisen Sie mit dem Bus... Auto...u.s.w.?
- Weil es mir Spaß macht...; - Weil ich gern mit dem Zug reise... Weil es un-
gefährlich ist... da sxva); CaatareT mewyvilis gamokiTxva;
• Tavi mouyareT saWiro leqsikur masalas;
• CamoayalibeT argumentebi;
• gaivarjiSeT mewyvilesTan msjelobaSi – daasabuTeT, Tu ratom
irCevT transportis ama Tu im saxeobas da a.S.
• SeafaseT Tqveni mewyvile – ramdenad gamarTulad aris Camoyalibe-
buli argumentebi? sad dauSva enobrivi Secdomebi?
transportis SerCeuli saxeobebis mixedviT SesaZlebelia 5 jgufad

dayofa da jgufuri muSaobis Catareba:
• TiToeul jgufSi xdeba argumentebis Sejereba da TiTo momxseneb-

lis SerCeva;
• yoveli momxsenebeli warmoadgens jgufis arCevans da mohyavs Ses-
abamisi argumentebi;
• msmenelebi kiTxvebs usvamen momxsenebels;
• gakveTilis bolos maswavlebeli Seajerebs TiToeuli jgufis ar-
gumentebs.
66
magaliTi 2: SezRuduli SesaZleblobebiT sakiTxavi da zepirmetyvele-

biTi amocanis gadaWra, gadawyvetilebis miReba.
aqtivobis mizani: saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili dausrulebeli

sakiTxavi teqstis dasruleba – sakuTari Tvalsazrisis gamoxatva.
aqtivobis piroba: gaecaniT teqsts, daasruleT ambavi anitas Sesaxeb.
• waikiTxeT saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili dausrulebeli sakiTxavi

teqsti/ambavi (Lesen Sie die Geschichte von Anita);
• SeasruleT wakiTxulis gagebis Sesamowmebeli savarjiSoebi (kiTx-
vebze pasuxi Was ist der Traum von Anita?...; sworia/arasworia richtig/
falsch da sxva);
• Tavi mouyareT informacias anitas Sesaxeb da moifiqreT ambis das-
rulebis savaraudo versiebi, CainiSneT, CamoyalibeT ideebi (Wie geht
die Geschichte weiter? Machen Sie Notizen und Sammeln Sie Ideen);
• saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili sametyvelo funqciebis daxmarebiT
moyeviT ambis dasrulebis sakuTari versia (- Es kann sein, daß Anita...;
- Ich glaube...- Vielle).
• klasSive SeafaseT, Tqveni azriT, romeli iyo saukeTeso versia. pa-
suxi daasabuTeT.
rusuli ena
magaliTi 1: SezRuduli saSualebebiT mosasmeni amocanebis gadaWra.
aqtivobis mizani: mosmenili teqstis gageba.
aqtivobis piroba: moismineT teqsti da upasuxeT SekiTxvebs:
teqsti #11
Таня:
У меня новая соседка по парте. Она перешла в эту школу всего два дня
назад. Я с ней ещё не успела познакомиться. По-моему, она очень странная. Она
67
почти всё время молчит. Видно, что новый класс её мало интересует. Когда я с
ней говорю, она отвечает только “да” или “нет”. И одевается так, будто она не
ученица – всё время ходит в джинсовой юбке, яркой майке и джинсовом жилете.
Видно в свободное время ходит на дискотеки. После школы её встречает какой-
то парень, и она идёт с ним в кино. Она любит ходить в кино. Её друг часто
приносит билеты. Интересно, родители знают с кем она встречается?
problemis gadaWri etapebi:
• moismineT teqsti erTxel (situacia: tania yveba axladgadmo-

sul klasel gogonaze, larisaze, romelic ar moswons);
• amokribeT ucnobi sityvebi;
• konteqstze dayrdnobiT gamoTqviT varaudebi, ras unda niS-
navdes esa Tu is sityva;
• rodesac daasrulebT axal sityvebze muSaobas, moismineT te-
qsti meorejer;
• upasuxeT SekiTxvebs mosmenili teqstis Sesaxeb:
1. rodis gadmovida larisa tanias skolaSi?
2. rogoria is?
3. ras akeTebs Tavisufal dros?
4. rogor icmevs?
5. vin xvdeba skolasTan gakveTilebis Semdeg?
6. sad midis skolis Semdeg?
7. ratomaa larisa sul Cumad?
• gaasworeT Secdomebi.
magaliTi 2: SezRuduli saSualebebiT sakiTxavi amocanebis gadaWra,

obieqtebze Sexedulebis Secvla.
aqtivobis mizani: wakiTxuli teqstis gageba Sedareba–Sepirispirebis

safuZvelze.
aqtivobis piroba: waikiTxeT teqstebi da upasuxeT SekiTxvebs:
teqsti #11
Таня:
У меня новая соседка по парте. Она перешла в эту школу всего два дня
назад. Я с ней ещё не успела познакомиться. По-моему, она очень странная. Она
почти всё время молчит. Видно, что новый класс её мало интересует. Когда я с
ней говорю, она отвечает только “да” или “нет”. И одевается так, будто она не
68
ученица – всё время ходит в джинсовой юбке, яркой майке и джинсовом жилете.
Видно в свободное время ходит на дискотеки. После школы её встречает какой-
то парень, и она идёт с ним в кино. Она любит ходить в кино. Её друг часто
приносит билеты. Интересно, родители знают с кем она встречается?
teqsti #2.
2.
Лариса:
Я всего два дня в этой школе. Моя соседка по парте любит разговаривать во
время урока. А я не люблю. Я только отвечаю “да” или “нет”. Вообще, я всего
стесняюсь и всё время молчу. Моя мама говорит, что я очень стеснительная.
Поэтому мама одевает меня так, как будто я не ученица, а кинозвезда. Мне
очень неудобно ходить в школу в такой одежде. Я не люблю, когда много людей.
Поэтому в свободное время я сижу у окна и читаю. После школы меня встречает
старший брат. Он часто приносит пропуск в спортзал. Он ходит со мной на
тренировку.
• waikiTxeT orive istoria – tanias da larisas mier moyolili

ambebi;
• gamoyaviT axali leqsikuri erTeulebi;
• konteqstze dayrdnobiT ecadeT gaigoT maTi mniSvneloba an ga-
moTqviT varaudi, Tu ras SeiZleba niSnavdes axali leqsikuri
erTeuli;
• gaarkvieT, Tu ra gansxvavebaa larisas da tanias monaTxrobs
Soris;
• upasuxeT SekiTxvebs:
1. ratom hqonda tanias larisaze aseTi cru warmodgena?
(savaraudo pasuxi: – radgan cudad icnobda);
2. Tqven ras fiqrobT larisaze?
3. tanias rom moesmina larisas naambobi, ras gaigebda mis
Sesaxeb axals? Seicvlida Tavis adrindel STabeWdile-
bas Tu ara? daasabuTeT pasuxi;
4. ra daskvnas gaakeTebdiT am ambidan gamomdinare? (sa-
varaudo pasuxi: – roca adamiani ucnauri geCveneba, es
imas ar niSnavs, rom is cudia. jer adamiani kargad unda
gaicno da mxolod amis Semdeg ilaparako masze).
aqtivobis mizani: SezRuduli saSualebebiT weriTi amocanebis

gadaWra.
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aqtivobis piroba: moifiqreT, rogor SeiZleba gagrZeldes tanias da
larisas urTierToba, nacnobi sityvebis gamoyenebiT dawereT (1) larisas
azri taniaze erTi wlis Semdeg an (2) tanias azri sakuTar Sexedulebaze
erTi wlis Semdeg.
• waikiTxeT saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili teqstebi, kargad gai-

azreT;
• SeajameT informacia larisasa da tanias Sesaxeb;
• warmoadgineT ideebi, ra urTierToba SeiZleba ganviTardes tanias
da larisas Soris, CainiSneT;
• airCieT ambis dasrulebis sasurveli versia da gmiri, romlis sax-
eliTac dawerT werils;
• furcelze dawereT TqvenTvis aucilebeli leqsika da enobrivi
konstruqciebi. gamoiyeneT saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili sam-
etyvelo funqciebi;
• dawereT Txzuleba;
• SeamowmeT da gaasworeT Secdomebi;
• gadaaTeTreT naSromi.
inglisuri ena
magaliTi 1: arCevanis gakeTeba.
aqtivobis mizani: sazafxulo marSrutebi (Summer destinations): samo-

gzauro broSuraSi warmodgenili adgilebis aRwera, maTgan saukeTesos
SerCeva. arCevanTan dakavSirebuli poziciis dasabuTeba.
aqtivobis piroba: aRwereT samogzauro broSurebSi warmodgenili sazaf-

xulo marSrutebi, SearCieT TqvenTvis yvelaze xelsayreli adgili da daas-
abuTeT Tqveni pozicia arCevanTan dakavSirebiT. (jgufuri samuSao);
masala: sazafxulo marSrutis amsaxveli 5-6 broSura (masala, sasurve-

lia, iyos kontrastuli bunebrivi pirobebisa da sacxovrebeli pirobebis
mixedviT – qalaqebi, soflebi, ganviTarebuli/mitovebuli adgilebi).
• gaecaniT maswavleblis mier SerCeul broSurebs, sadac asaxulia

sxvadasxva sazafxulo marSruti;
70
• jgufebSi Tavi mouyareT saWiro leqsikur masalas, enobriv
konstruqciebs ganvlili masalidan da aRwereT suraTebi Semdegi
kriteriumebiT: adgilmdebareoba, hava, adgilze Sesasrulebeli
aqtivobebi;
• jgufebSi broSurebidan airCieT TqvenTvis xelsayreli dasasvenebeli
adgili;
• Tqveni arCevanis gansamtkiceblad TiToeul jgufSi SeajereT
argumentebi;
• airCieT jgufis momxsenebeli;
• waradgineT jgufis arCevani da moiSvelieT Sesabamisi argumentebi;
• upasuxeT TanatolTa mier dasmul SekiTxvebs;
• dasaruls SeajereT argumentebi maswavlebelTan erTad.
magaliTi 2: SezRuduli saSualebebiT zepirmetyvelebiTi amocanebis

gadaWra.
aqtivobis mizani: ”moTxroba CanTaSi” (A story in a bag) – zepiri moTxrobis

Sedgena TvalsaCino masalis gamoyenebiT (jgufuri samuSao).
aqtivobis piroba: TiTo jgufisaTvis TiTo CanTa winaswar SerCeuli

sagnebiT. SeadgineT zepiri moTxroba CanTaSi mocemuli sagnebis
gamoyenebiT.
masala: moswavleTa TandaswrebiT maswavlebeli aTavsebs CanTaSi 5-

6 sagans. moswavleTa dasaintereseblad, sasurvelia, SerCeuli sagnebi
gansxvavebuli da erTmaneTTan Znelad dasakavSirebeli iyos. mag.:
Ria baraTi romelime qalaqis xediT, konservis gasaxsneli, sanTeli,
qirurgiuli niRabi, Teatraluri programa (a postcard from Singapore; a can-
opener; a candle; a surgical mask; a theatre playbill /program/).

• ganixileT aqtivobisTvis winaswar SerCeuli sagnebi ganvlili
leqsikuri masalis gameorebis mizniT;
• daiyaviT jgufebad;
• maswavleblis niSanze gaxseniT jgufisTvis gankuTvnili CanTa,

Tanmimdevrulad amoiReT uxilavi sagnebi da daiwyeT moTxrobis
SeTxzva (TiTo sagani gankuTvnilia jgufis erTi moswavlisaTvis
moTxrobis erTi nawilis Sesadgenad (aranakleb 3 da ara umetes 6
winadadeba);
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• SeinarCuneT logikuri kavSiri SeTxzul nawilebs Soris;
• SeTxzeT moTxroba mxolod zepirad, Canaweris gareSe (ix.: moTxro-

bis nimuSi).
nimuSi:
“One morning Shelley received a postcard from her old college friend, Louise. The
card was from Singapore, and in it, Louise had invited Shelley to come for a visit.
Shelley flew to Singapore and met Louise. The first night she was there, they went
to a play at a local theatre. It was a murder mystery and the ladies were feeling a
bit nervous walking back to Louise’s home after the show. When they got home
Louise tried to turn on the light, but there was no electricity. She lit a candle and
……etc.”
• waradgineT moTxrobebi klasis winaSe (yoveli jgufis TiTo mo-

swavle yveba teqstis erT an or nawils da, amave dros, axdens
monaTxrobSi naxsenebi sagnis/sagnebis demonstrirebas);
• jgufebSi SeafaseT Sesrulebul samuSao da daasaxeleT saukeTeso.
qarTuli, rogorc meore ena
magaliTi 1: SezRuduli saSualebebiT weriTi da zepirmetyvelebiTi

amocanebis gadaWra; arCevanis gakeTeba; Sedareba-Sepirispireba
aqtivobis mizani: kulturul TaviseburebaTa aRmoCena.
aqtivobis piroba: daiyaviT jgufebad da interviusTvis moamzadeT

kiTxvari Temaze: „rogor xvdebian axal wels saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi...”
CamoarTviT ori interviu Tqvens regionSi mcxovreb ori sxvadasxva eris
warmomadgenels da klasSi gamarTeT diskusia Temis irgvliv.
1. intervius momzadeba
a) SearCieT respondenti (erovneba, asaki. mag.: Seni Tanatoli,

studenti, Suaxans gadacilebuli da a.S.).
b) interviuebisTvis survilisamebr SearCieT Tematika:
72
• axali wlis samzadisi (vis ra funqcia aqvs, vin ras
akeTebs. . .);
• axali wlis samzareulo (kerZebi, sasmelebi, tkbileu-
li);
• saCuqrebi;
• saaxalwlo dekoraciebi;
• saaxalwlo ritualebi, wes-Cveulebebi;
• axali weli Cems bavSvobaSi da dRes da a.S.
g) momazadeT kiTxvaris Sesadgenad saWiro enobrivi

resursebi;
d) respondentis gaTvaliswinebiT SeadgineT kiTxvari;
e) gadaikiTxeT da gaasworeT kiTxvari enobrivi da
Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiT;
v) CamoarTviT interviu respondentebs.
2. interviuebis wardgena klasis winaSe da Temis garSemo msjeloba
jgufebi moemzadebian intervius warmosadgenad:

• gainawileben wamyvanis (misi funqciaa warmoadginos kiTxvari,
informacia intervius aRebis Sesaxeb – visgan, sad...), intervi-
uerisa da respondentis rolebs;
• gaivarjiSeben gaTamaSebaSi;
• jgufebi warmoadgenen interviuebs, msmenelebi iniSnaven saerTo
da gansxvavebul elementebs;
• wamyvani warmoadgens kiTxvars, msmenelebi iniSnaven mTavar ru-
brikebs (mag.: tkbileuli, morTulobebi da sxva);
• respondenti da interviueri gaiTamaSeben intervius. msmenelebi
rubrikebis mixedviT iweren maTTvis nacnob da ucnob element-
ebs. Tu raime ar esmiT, svamen SekiTxvebs. gamomsvlelebi iZle-
vian axsna-ganmartebebs;
• TiToeul jgufs eZleva davaleba: warmoadgineT interviuebi,
mousmineT erTmaneTis gamosvlas. moniSneT, ra aris saerTo da
ra gansxvavebuli sxvadasxva erovnebis saaxalwlo tradicieb-
sa da Tqvens ojaxur tradiciebs Soris.
3. imsjeleT Temis irgvliv. upasuxeT SekiTxvebs:
• daasaxelT, ra iyo saerTo? ra iyo gansxvavebuli?

• ra iyo TqvenTvis nacnobi?
• ra iyo TqvenTvis siaxle?
• ufro metad romelma wes-Cveulebam an ritualma
dagainteresaT?
73
• Tqveni azriT, ojaxebma unda Seinaxon tradiciuli zne-
Cveulebebi Tu yvela erTnairad unda xvdebodes axal
wels?
poblemis gadaWra SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis amoqmedebiT
aqtivobis mizani: ambis Sedgena da dawera.
aqtivobis piroba: waikiTxe nawyvetebi teqstidan „mTebidan qalaqamde“.

warmoidgine, ra moxda gauCinarebis Semdeg, rogor gaxda Tavisuflebas
mowyurebuli salamura „lineikis cxeni“ da Seadgine ambavi.
„mTebidan qalaqamde“
(nawyvetebi)
„. . . salamura gaqanda.
uceb gaaswro sxvebs.
oTxi wre irbina ase, magram survili sul ufro emateboda, oflic
SeuSra TiTqos. . .
mxolod Tvalebi hqonda Zveleburad wyliani da mowyenili.
erTi wlis gaxednil ulays uzomod mounda tramalebSi navardi.
kidev ufro swrafad mounda Weneba da mTlianad dakarga SegrZneba. uceb
mosxletiT gadaxta gverdze, xalxs Tavze gadaevlo da gauCinarda.
. . …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
meduqnem lineikisaTvis uCveulod lamazi cxeni SeaTvaliera. ulayi
umoZraod idga.
mxolod Tvalebi hqonda Zveleburad wyliani da mowyenili“.
g. rCeuliSvili
• maswavleblis daxmarebiT SeTanxmdiT Sefasebis kriteriumebze (sa-

survelia, win wamoiwios SemoqmedebiTi midgoma (originaluroba
da mdidari warmosaxva), Txrobis Tanamimdevruloba (dasawyisi,
Sua nawili, dasasruli), Txrobis eqspresiuloba – SinaarsTan
misadageba intonaciis, metyvelebis tempis, xmis tembris, leqsi-
kuri simdidre);
• daiyaviT jgufebad;
• furcelze warmoaCineT ideebi;
• SearCieT saukeTeso idea;
• gaSaleT idea da dagegmeT Txroba Semdegi sqemebis gamoyenebiT:
74
ambis dro da sivrce:
sad? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
rodis? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dasawyisi: ambis Sua nawili: ambis dasasruli:

ra moxda? ra moxda? ra moxda?
-------------------------------
------------------------ -----------------------
----------------------------- -----------------------
-------------------------
----------------------------- ----------------------------- -------------------------
• Tavi mouyareT aucilebel enobriv resursebs

(zmnebis uRlebis tabula warsul droSi, Tanamimdevrobis aRm-
niSvneli sityvebi, sakvanZo sityvebi da sxva);
• dawereT pirveli, meore, mesame nawili;
• waikiTxeT, gaasworeT, gaaumjobeseT;
• gadaaTeTreT qaRaldze;
• gaaformeT;
• waikiTxeT klasis winaSe.
75
saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovneba/SromiTi swavleba
magaliTi 1: arCevanis gakeTeba, gadawyvetilebis miReba, dakavSireba.
aqtivobis mizani: proeqti _ moswavleebma unda gaiTvaliswinon, ra

masala aqvT xelT, risi Seqmna SeiZleba am masaliT da vin iqneba Seqmnili
namuSevrebis potenciuri myidveli.
aqtivobis piroba: xelTarsebuli masalis gamoyenebiT saskolo

gamofena-gayidvaze warsadgeni originaluri namuSevrebis Seqmna.
• aRnusxeT xelTarsebuli masalebi da miiReT gadawyvetileba,

Tu risi gakeTeba SeiZleba am masalidan: xelovnebis nimuSis,
sayofacxovrebo nivTebis da a.S.);
• imuSaveT jgufurad an individualurad;
• daaTvaliereT namuSevrebi, gaanalizeT, SearCieT sagamofeno
namuSevrebi;
• SearCieT gamofena-gayidvis adgili da potenciuri stumrebi
(sad unda moewyos gamofena da vin unda iyos mowveuli);
• daamzadeT afiSa da mosawvevebi, daagzavneT mosawvevebi, moaw-
yveT eqspozicia.
magaliTi 2: Sedareba-Sepirispireba, dakavSireba.
aqtivobis mizani: namuSevris analizi – moswavleebma namuSevris

analizze dayrdnobiT unda gansazRvron romel epoqas miekuTvneba
namuSevari.
aqtivobis piroba: miakuTvneT warmodgenili namuSevari garkveul

epoqasa da stils.
• namuSevris analizi:
1. ra aris asaxuli namuSevarze?
2. ra Janrs miekuTvneba namuSevari?
3. rogoria Sesrulebis manera?
4. romeli mxatvris namuSevars gagonebT?
5. romel epoqas miakuTvnebdiT namuSevars da ratom?
76
• pasuxebis Sejereba da kamaTi (saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, maswavle-
beli eubneba moswavleebs swor pasuxs da moswavleebi maswavle-
belTan erTad aanalizeben, rogor mividnen swor gadawyvetile-
bamde an ratom ver amoicnes swori pasuxi);

Sepirispireba, dakavSireba, SeuTavseblobis aRmofxvra, eqsperimenti, cda,
kvleva-Zieba, SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba.
aqtovobis mizani: namuSevris Seqmna - masalis arqonis SemTxvevaSi

originaluri xerxis mogoneba.
aqtivobis piroba: davaleba – „peizaJis“ Seqmna.
• aiReT Zveli namuSevrebi, romlebic guaSiT an akvareliTaa Ses-

rulebuli (maswavleblis nebarTviT);
• daalageT iatakze an merxze da kargad daakvirdiT, romel laqebs
da detalebs gamoiyenebdiT Tqveni peizaJisTvis;
• amoWeriT an amoxieT es laqebi da detalebi da gaanawileT mozaikis
principiT fanqriT winaswar Sesrulebuli peizaJis konturebze;
• sanam daawebebdeT, kargia, Tu Sori manZilidanac SexedavT, radgan
es dagexmarebaT namuSevari mTlianobaSi dainaxoT da zogi laqa
gadaaadgiloT, SecvaloT sxva feriT da a.S.
• rodesac darwmundebiT, rom sasurvel Sedegs miaRwieT, SegiZliaT
frTxilad daaweboT.

Sepirispireba, dakavSireba, kvleva-Zieba, SemoqmedebiTi midgoma.
aqtivobis mizani: namuSevris Seqmna – moswavleebma unda gadaWran maT-

Tvis ucxo kulturis warmomadgenlebTan komunikaciis problema.
aqtivobis piroba: gazeT „dedamiwis“ Semqna ucxoplanetelebisaTvis.
• airCieT ucxoplanetelebTan urTierTobis ena (verbaluri, vizua-

luri, anu unda gadawyvitoT, iqneba Tu ara gazeTSi vizualur ma-
salasTan erTad verbaluri teqsti da Tuki saWiroa, ra enaze unda
77
Seiqmnas es teqsti);
• sakomunikacio enis SerCevis Semdgom SearCieT Temebi da gainawileT
erTmaneTSi (moswavleebma Tavad unda gadawyviton, romel Temaze
imuSaveben);
• imuSaveT arCeul Temaze;
• moiZieT masala, SeiZleba gamoiyenoT arsebuli fotomasala an Se-
qmnaT kolaJebi am masalisgan;
• warmodgenis dros ganmarteT, Tu riTi SeiZleba iyos saintereso es
masala ucxoplanetelebisaTvis;
• SeqmeniT gazeTis maketi, SearCeT formati da dizaini, gadaanawileT
masala.
magaliTi 5: arCevanis gakeTeba, eqsperimenti, cda, gadawyvetilebis

miReba, Sedareba-Sepirispireba, dakavSireba, kvleva-Zieba, SemoqmedebiTi
midgoma
aqtivobis mizani: originaluri namuSevris Seqmna – moswavleebma unda

gadawyviton, risi Seqmna SeiZleba maT mier moZiebuli da xelTarsebuli
bunebrivi masalisagan da unda Seqmnan originaluri namuSevari.
aqtivobis piroba: originaluri namuSevris Seqmna moswavleTa mier

moZiebuli (qva, fesvebi, girCa, niJara...) bunebrivi masalisagan.
• gaaanalizeT arsebuli masala (misi faqturis da Taviseburebis

gaTvaliswineba) da miiReT gadawyvetileba, risi gakeTeba SeiZleba
am masalisagan.
• SeqmeniT momavali namuSevris eskizi, romelSic gaTvaliswinebuli
iqneba nakeTobis yvela ZiriTadi detali.
• moifiqreT, Tu rogor iqneba gamoyenebuli xelTarsebuli masala:
dasWirdeba Tu ara mas raimes damateba, Seferadeba.
• SeqmeniT namuSevari;
• gaanalizeT sakuTari namuSevri: maqsimalurad gamoiyeneT Tu ara
xelTarsebuli masalis SesaZleblobebi, SeiZleboda Tu ara misi
ukeT gamoyeneba. Tqveni azriT, ra aris namuSevarSi moulodneli da
originaluri.
magaliTi 6: arCevanis gakeTeba, eqsperimenti, cda, gadawyvetilebis

miReba, SemoqmedebiTi midgoma.
aqtivobis mizani: originaluri namuSevris Seqmna – moswavlem SeZlos

mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis gamoyeneba konkretuli emociis
gadmosacemad namuSevarSi.
78
aqtivobis piroba: „Seasrule eqspresionistuli namuSevari.“
Sesavali:
maswavlebeli klass yofs ramdenime jgufad da TiToeul jgufs aZlevs

davalebas, Seqmnan namuSevebi, romlebSic sxvadasxva emociaa gadmocemuli
mag.: erTi jgufi qmnis sixarulis gamomxatvel namuSevrebs, meore – sev-
dis, mesame – brazis da a.S. jgufSi sasurvelia, rom moswavleebma imuS-
aon individualurad, gakveTilis bolos jgufebi erTmaneTis gverdiT
gamofenen namuSevrebs da danarCenebi msjeloben, Tu ramdenad da rogor
aris namuSevrebSi gadmocemuli Sesabamisi emociebi.
instruqcia:
• Tavad airCieT Janri da gamosaxvis manera: es SeiZleba iyos por-

treti an avtoportreti, peizaJi an naturmorti, figuruli scena
an abstraqtuli kompozicia. mTavaria, rom arCeuli siuJeti iZle-
odes grZnobis gamosaxvis saSualebas;
• momavali namuSevris eskizi Tavdapirvelad SeasruleT patara fur-
celze. aqve daazuste, ras gamosaxav, rogor aageb kompozicias, ro-
gori iqneba naxati da ferTa gama;
• amis Semdeg albomis an saxatavi rveulis furcelze guaSis saRe-
bavebiT SeasruleT saWiro zomis naxati;
• dasrulebuli namuSevari gamofineT klasSi da moawyveT prezenta-
cia;
• namuSevrebi SeafaseT winaswar gamoyofili kriteriumebiT.
79
musika
magaliTi 1: arCevanis gakeTeba, Sedareba-Sepirispireba, SemoqmedebiTi

midgoma.
aqtivobis mizani: musikaluri nawarmoebis redaqtireba.

a) erTi da imave nawarmoebis sxvadasxvagvari Sesrulebis aRqma, Se-
faseba;
b) sakuTari interpretaciis Camoyalibeba (sanoto teqstis kiTxvis, mu-
sikaluri smenis, musikaluri mexsierebis, analizis unaris, „musikaluri
warmosaxvis“ (sanoto teqstis mixedviT musikis Sinagani smeniT gamRereba)
ganviTareba).
aqtivobis piroba: es aqtivoba SesaZlebelia Sesruldes rogorc indi-

vidualurad, aseve jgufurad. daakvirdiT TqvenTvis darigebul sanoto
teqsts. es aris f. Sopenis preludia A-dur (op. 28, #7), redaqciis (Ses-
rulebis xerxebis miTiTebis) gareSe. TiToeul Tqvengans (jgufs) aqvs sami
aseTi egzemplari.
1. danomreT sanoto Canaweris sami egzemplari;

2. Sesrulebis I variantis mosmenisas sanoto teqstSi #1 aRniSneT
tempi, CawereT dinamikuri niSnebi da TqvenTvis cnobili sxva niuan-
sebi;
3. aseTive davaleba SeasruleT II variantis mosmenisas egzemplarSi
#2.
aqtivobis masala:
• musikaluri nawarmoebis audioCanaweris 2 varianti (Sesrulebis
ori varianti mkveTrad unda gansxvavdebodes erTmaneTisgan);
• amave nawarmoebis sanoto Canaweri redaqciis gareSe, 3-3 egzemplari
TiToeuli monawilisTvis (jgufisTvis).
a) kritikuli azrovneba
• sanoto CanawerSi gakeTebuli CaniSvnebis safuZvelze SeadareT Ses-

rulebis 2 varianti;
• daasaxeleT da gaanalizeT TiToeuli xerxi;
• gansazRvreT, ramdenad Seesatyviseba aseTi Sesruleba am nawarmoebs;
• daasaxeleT, romeli interpretacia migaCniaT ufro marTebulad da
nawarmoebis Sesabamisad.
80
b) SemoqmedebiToba
• sanoto Canawer #3–s Tavad gaukeTeT redaqtireba;

• vfiqrobT, nawarmoebidan gamomdinare (mcire formis, melodiuri,
advilad aRsaqmeli musikaluri da sanoto teqsti), ar gagiWird-
ebaT sanoto Canaweris mixedviT nawarmoebis Sinagani smeniT aRd-
gena;
• Tqven ZiriTadad mogeTxovebaT dinamikuri niuansebis da tempis
aRniSvna. Tumca kargi iqneba, rom Sesrulebis sxva xerxebic gaiTva-
liswinoT.
SeniSvna: am davalebis Sesasruleblad moswavles sWirdeba Semdegi

codna: dinamikuri niSnebi, Sesrulebis xerxebi, interpretaciis/musikal-
uri redaqtirebis cnebebi.
magaliTi 2: arCevanis gakeTeba, SemoqmedebiTi midgoma.
aqtivobis mizani: simReris swavleba

(analizis, Sefasebis, dagegmvis unarebis, damoukideblobis ganviTa-
reba)
aqtivobis piroba: SeaswavleT Tqven Tanaklaselebs simRera.
problemis gadaWris etapebi

etapebi: Tavad SearCieT simRera maswavleblis mier
winaswar SemoTavazebuli ramdenime simReris audio da sanoto Canawerebis
mixedviT. Tqvenive SesarCevia swavlebis dros gamosayenebeli aqtivobebi
da meTodebi. gaixseneT, aRidgineT, rogor uswavlebiaT TqvenTvis. Segax-
senebT, rom simReris swavleba sxvadasxva xerxiT SegiZliaT:
• sanoto Canawerze dayrdnobiT;
• Canaweris mosmeniT;
• Tqveni simReriT;
• Tqveni dakvriT.
swavlebaSi xels SegiwyobT aseve Tqven mier gakeTebuli akompanementi
da minus-fonograma.
sanam xels mokidebT am davalebas, gaaanalizeT, gaqvT Tu ara Semdegi

unar-Cvevebi:
• ganviTarebuli musikaluri smena;
• simReris Cveva;
• notebis kiTxva;
• romelime instrumentze dakvra;
81
• sxvadasxva teqnikuri saSualebis floba;
• saorganizacio Cvevebi;
• nebisyofa;
• SemoqmedebiTi midgoma.
simReris Seswavlis Semdeg gaanalizeT simReris Seswavlis procesi.

Sepirispireba, SeuTavseblobis aRmofxvra, kvleva-Zieba, SemoqmedebiTi
midgoma.
aqtivobis mizani: gakveTilis dagegmva da Catareba (Sefasebis,

saorganizacio, dagegmvis, TanamSromlobis, komunikaciis unaris,
SemoqmedebiTi midgomis ganviTareba).
aqtivobis piroba: 3-kacian jgufs gevalebaT, gakveTili CautaroT

Tqvens Tanaklaselebs.
SegiZliaT daeyrdnoT Semdeg sqemas:
• gaaanalizeT musikis gakveTili: ra mogwonT, ras uaryofT;

• SearCieT gakveTilis Tema. magaliTad, „qarTuli opera“ (SesaZle-
belia saxelmZRvanelos da maswavleblis wignis gamoyeneba);
• SearCieT, moiZieT sanoto, mosasmeni masala, TemasTan dakavSire-
buli informacia;
• moifiqreT da gainawileT aqtivobebi;2
• gaanawileT dro;
• moagvareT teqnikuri sakiTxebi (Sesabamisi oTaxi, instrumenti,
slaidebis Cveneba, musikis mosmena da a.S.);
• CaatareT „generaluri repeticia“ sxva auditoriasTan an mis gar-
eSe;
• CaatareT gakveTili winaswar momzadebuli gegmis mixedviT;
• gakveTilis mimdinareobisas mzad iyaviT improvizaciisTvis;
• CaerTeT Tanaklaselebis diskusiaSi Tqven mier Catarebuli gakveTi-
lis Sesaxeb;
• mSvidad miiReT SeniSvnebi da SemoTavazebebi.
2 Tqveni survilisamebr SesaZlebelia jgufis wevrebs Soris gadanawildes movaleobebi da

zogierTma Tqvenganma mxolod dagegmvaSi miiRos monawileoba.
82

Sepirispireba, dakavSireba-kanonzomierebis aRmoCena, cda, SemoqmedebiTi
midgoma.
aqtivobis mizani: qoreografiuli naxazis Seqmna musikaluri

fragmentisaTvis da misi wardgena (SemoqmedebiTi midgomis, warmosaxvis
ganviTareba, xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargis integracia).
aqtivobis piroba: SeqmeniT qoreografiuli naxazi musikaluri

fragmentisTvis. es SeiZleba iyos yvavilebis valsi p. Caikovskis operidan
„maknatuna“ (popularuli, advilad misawvdomi, sacekvao xasiaTi).
• ramdenjerme mousmineT valss da warmoidgineT, ra saxis sacekvao

moZraobebs SeasrulebdiT am musikaze;
• yoveli mosmenisas sanoto CanawerSi gaadevneT Tvalimelodias
(sanoto Canaweri (sasurvelia mxolod melodia) msxvili masStab-
iTaa mocemuli);
• CamoTvlili formebidan SearCieT erT-erTi, romelic yvelaze me-
tad gagiadvilebT Tanaklaselebis winaSe Tqveni naxazis wardge-
nas:
1. Cveneba moZraobiT (musikis TanxlebiT);

2. zepiri komentarebi (musikis TanxlebiT);
3. weriTi aRwera (keTdeba uSualod sanoto CanawerSi);
4. fotosuraTebi (miedeba sanoto Canawers);
5. videogadaReba (musikis TanxlebiT);
6. grafikuli Canaxatebi (keTdeba uSualod sanoto Canawer-
Si).
• SegiZliaT imuSaoT wyvilSi an teqnikur sakiTxebSi (foto, vid-

eogadaReba, Canaxati) daixmaroT asistenti.
83
maTematika
magaliTi 1: arCevanis gakeTeba, gadawyvetilebis miReba, kavSirebis

dadgena, kvleva-Zieba.
aqtivobis mizani: optimizaciis problemebis gaazreba qilebis trans-

portirebis problemis magaliTze.
aqtivobis piroba: rogori dizainis yuTia ufro xelsayreli limona-

Tis an ludis Tunuqis qilebis wasaRebad (gadasatanad)?
1. problemis moZebna da gansazRvra: am etapze dadgindeba, Tu ra niSniT

(parametriT) ganisazRvreba „xelsayreli“ yuTi – mis gasakeTeblad
daxarjuli qaRaldis raodenobiT, misi transportirebisaTvis mox-
erxebuli formiT da a.S.
2. problemis Camoyalibeba da warmodgena: vTqvaT, ZiriTad parametrad

avirCieT daxarjuli qaRaldis raodenoba. maSin amocana mdgo-
mareobs SemdegSi: ra zomebi unda hqondes marTkuTxa paralel-
epipeds, rom zedapiris farTobi iyos minimaluri. amocanaSi aR-
werili situaciis warmosadgenad magnituri dafis da Tana-
bari zomis monetebis (an magnitebis) gamoyeneba iqneba efeqturi.
84
3. problemis Sesaxeb informaciisa da resursebis organizeba, codnis
mobilizeba: romeli geometriuli debulebebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba
problemis gadasaWrelad: magaliTad, marTkuTxa paralelepipedis
zedapiris farTobis formula, wrewirTan dakavSirebuli debule-
bebi da sxva.
4. problemis gadaWris SesaZlo xerxebi: marTkuTxa paralelepipedis

formis yuTis garda, SesaZlebelia samkuTxa prizmis formis yuTis
gamoyenebac (unda ganisazRvros, ra raodenobis qilebisTvis aris
SesaZlebeli am formis yuTis gamoyeneba).
5. problemis gadaWris strategiis SerCeva da misi ganxorcieleba:
magaliTad, rogor gamovTvaloT im samkuTxa prizmis fuZis

farTobi, romelSic eteva zustad 6 qila.
6. Sedegebis Semowmeba da Sefaseba: problemisa da miRebuli amonax-

snis kvleva realuri viTarebis konteqstSi - dadgena, Tu saSua-
lod ra raodenobis qilas yidulobs myidveli erT jerze da am
informaciaze dayrdnobiT yuTis formis SerCeva.
magaliTi 2: Sedareba-Sepirispireba, kanonzomierebis aRmoCena, kvleva-

Zieba.
aqtivobis mizani: maTematikuri debulebebis da faqtebis realur

viTarebaSi gamoyeneba.
aqtivobis piroba:
moswavles golis gasatanad/suraTis gadasaRebad saukeTeso adgilis

SerCeva Semdegi pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT moeTxoveba:
amocana 1: turists surs postamentze moTavsebuli Zeglis suraTis

gadaReba. romeli adgilia am miznisTvis saukeTeso?
85
amocana 2: vTqvaT, fexburTeli moZraobs gverdiTi xazis gaswvriv.
sagole dartymis Sesasruleblad romeli adgilia ufro xelsayreli?
1. problemis moZebna da gansazRvra: problemis gadaWris es etapi

moicavs msjelobas imis Taobaze, Tu ra saerToa am or amocanas Soris.
agreTve, unda aRiniSnos, rom dasmuli problemis nawilia 2 qveamo-
cana, romlebic SeiZleba Semdegnairad Camoyalibdes: romeli adgili-
dan moCans Zegli mTlianad, yvelaze didi kuTxiT; romeli adgilidan
moCans fexburTis kari yvelaze didi kuTxiT.
2. problemis Camoyalibeba da warmodgena: Sesabamisi naxazis ageba da

problemis geometriuli formulireba (AB monakveTi ekuTvnis a
wrfes. b wrfe perpendikularulia a wrfis. vipovoT b wrfis iseTi P
wertili, rom kuTxe APB iyos maqsimaluri).

mobilizeba: magaliTad, eleqtronuli resursebis moZieba da maTi sa-
mobilizeba
SualebiT problemis kvleva.
4. problemis gadaWris SesaZlo xerxebi: sxvadasxva midgomis gamoyeneba.

mag.: koordinatebis, kosinusebis Teoremis, damatebiTi geometriuli
obieqtis Semotana.
5. problemis gadaWris strategiis SerCeva: zemoaRniSnuli gzebis dadeb-

iTi da uaryofiTi mxareebis ganxilva da mis safuZvelze yvelaze efeq-
turi gzis SerCeva (magaliTad, damatebiTi geometriuli obieqtis
– wrewiris Semotana. axsna, Tu raSi gvexmareba A, B da P wertilebze
gamavali wrewiris ageba).
6. SerCeuli strategiis ganxorcieleba.
7. Sedegebis Semowmeba da Sefaseba: problemisa da miRebuli amonaxsnis

kvleva realuri viTarebis konteqstSi. magaliTad, kidev ra parame-
trebi axdens gavlenas saukeTso adgilis SerCevisas (igulisxmeba:
manZili, sxva fexburTelebis mdebareoba, mekaris pozicia da a.S.).
magaliTi 3: kavSirebis dadgena, kanonzomierebebis aRmoCena, hipoTezis

gamoTqma, kvleva-Zieba.
aqtivobis mizani: monacemTa analizis realur viTarebaSi gamoyeneba.
86
aqtivobis piroba:
amocana
erT–erTi wamlis instruqciaSi mocemulia samedicino preparatis do-
zebis adamianis wonasTan Sefardebis cxrili.
wona standart. maqsim.

(kg.) doza (mg.) doza
(mg.)
40 40 66
45 45 75
50 50 83
54 55 91
59 60 100
64 65 108
69 70 116 wamlis ra dozis miReba SeuZlia
pacients, romelic iwonis 105 kg-?
74 75 125
79 80 133
84 85 141
1. problemis moZebna da gansazRvra: dadgindes ori sididis - wamlis

dozisa da adamianis wonis – Sefardebis forma da mis safuZvelze gan-
isazRvros miTiTebuli wonis pacientisTvis saWiro wamlis odenoba.
2. problemis Camoyalibeba da warmodgena: am etapze unda dadgindes,

Tu romeli monacemebia damoukidebeli da romeli damokidebuli. aqve
igulisxmeba msjelobac, Tu ra saxeobis diagramiT sjobs monace-
mebis warmodgena.

mobilizeba: magaliTad, ganxilva, Tu ramdenad efeqturia Excel-is
gamoyeneba am amocanis gadasaWrelad.
4. problemis gadaWris strategiis SerCeva: diagramebis ageba Excel-is

gamoyenebiT da diagramis formis mixedviT misadagebis wiris saxeobis
gansazRvra. am gzis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebis ganxilva.
87
5. SerCeuli strategiis ganxorcieleba: wertilovani diagramebis ageba
(monacemTa ori jgufisaTvis), misadagebis wiris (wrfis) ageba, wiris
gantolebis Sedgena. funqciis mniSvnelobis povna 105-is toli argu-
mentisaTvis.
6. Sedegebis Semowmeba da Sefaseba: es etapi gulisxmobs problemisa da

miRebuli amonaxsnis kvlevas realuri viTarebis konteqstSi – wrfi-
vi funqciis mniSvnelobebis povnas argumentis iseTi mniSvnelobebi-
sTvis, romlebic cxrilSi ar aris moyvanili, damoukidebeli cvla-
dis mniSvnelobebis povnas damokidebuli cvladis sxvadasxva mniSvn-
elobisaTvis da miRebuli Sedegebis gamoyenebas imis dasadgenad, Tu
ramdenad sworad aris gavlebuli misadagebis wrfe.
magaliTi 4: arCevanis gakeTeba, Sedareba-Sepiririspireba, gadaw-

yvetilebis miReba.
aqtivobis mizani: satelefono kompaniis tarifebis Sedareba da saukeTe-

sos amorCeva.
aqtivobis piroba:
satelefono kompania gTavazobT sam gansxvavebul satarifo gegmas. sa-
tarifo gegmebis Sesaxeb informacias kompania gvawvdis Semdegi cxrilis
saxiT:
ZiriTadi momsaxureba ZiriTadi+ momsaxureba SeuzRudavi

TveSi 7.42 lari 15.60 lari momsaxureba 21.80
lari
yovelTviur gadasaxadTan yovelTviur gadasaxadTan am gegmis
erTad yvela lokaluri erTad zogierTi mixedviT, yvela
zarisaTvis dawesebulia lokaluri zarisaTvis zari (rogorcT1,
wuTobrivi gadasaxadi dawesebulia wuTobrivi aseve T2
• kompanias aqvs gadasaxadi sadgurisaTvis)
2 satelefono • am gegmis mixedviT, ufasoa.
sadguri T1 da T2. yvela zari,
wuTobrivi gadasaxadi romelsac emsaxureba
damokidebulia imaze, satelefono sadguri
Tu romeli satelefono T1, ufasoa.
sadguri emsaxureba • yvela zari,
mocemul zars. romelsac emsaxureba
• T1 sadguris momsaxureba satelefono sadguri
Rirs 1.6 TeTri wuTSi. T2, Rirs 6.2 TeTri
• T2 sadguris momsaxureba wuTSi.
Rirs 5.5 TeTri wuTSi.
88
Tqveni yovelTviuri danaxarjebi damokidebulia imaze, Tu romeli
satelefono sadguris momsaxurebas iyenebT ufro xSirad. kerZod, T1 sad-
guris momsaxureba saWiroa axlomdebare qalaqebSi (dabebSi) dasarekad,
xolo T2 sadguris momsaxureba – ufro Soreul qalaqebSi. qvemoT war-
modgenilia cxrili, romelSic mocemulia satelefono sadgurebis Ses-
abamisi qalaqebis/dabebis sia:
satelefono sadguri T1 satelefono sadguri T2

rusTavi, marneuli, kazreTi, xaSuri, WiaTura, axalqalaqi,
Telavi, axmeta, gori, cxinvali quTaisi, samtredia, zestafoni
• romel satarifo gegmas SesTavazebdiT Tqveni qalaqis abonentebs?

SeecadeT TiToeul maTgans dausabuToT Tqveni rCeva. Tu saWiroa,
sTxovoT damatebiTi informaciis mowodeba.
zura: „Tanxis dazogvis mizniT me gulmodgined vakvirdebi Cems

satelefono zarebs. gasul TveSi 67-jer visargeble T1 satele-
foni sadguris momsaxurebiT, saerTo jamSi, am saubrebze daixarja
10 saaTi da 40 wuTi,xolo T2 satelefono sadguris momsaxurebiT
visargeble 21-jer. am saubrebze daixarja 90 wuTi“.
Tea: „me dReSi, saSualod, 20 wuTs vsaubrob telefoniT. Cveu-
lebriv, rodesac saRamos saxlSi vbrundebi, Cems or megobars vu-
rekav, erTi cxovrobs TelavSi, xolo meore –quTaisSi“.
Sorena: „mSoblebi xSirad msayveduroben imis gamo, rom mudmivad
telefonze vlaparakob. yvelaze xSirad Cems megobrebs vesaubrebi,
romlebic marneulSi cxovroben. rogorc wesi, me TviTon vurekav
maT“.
giorgi: „me Cems saqmeebs saxlidan vagvareb. rogorc wesi, dReSi 20
wuTs vxarjav klientebTan satelefono saubrebisas“.
mzia: „me xSirad ar vsaubrob telefoniT. TanamSromlebs ZiriTa-
dad samsaxurSi velaparakebi. saxlidan telefoniT mxolod xink-
als vukveTav xolme saRamoobiT. kviraobiT ki vrekav samtrediaSi,
naTesavebTan“.
vaJa: „me aq xaSuridan Camovedi. vcdilob Cems iqaur megobrebTan
urTierToba ar gavwyvito. yovel saRamos naxevar saaTs vsaubrob
maTTan. aq TiTqmis aravis vicnob“.
89
• erT dRes rekavs SeSfoTebuli vaJa, romelic ambobs: „me gadaverTe
ZiriTadi satarifo gegmidan ZiriTadi+ satarifo gegmaze. megona,
rom Tanxas davzogavdi, radgan bevrs vsaubrob telefoniT. ax-
laxan miviRe qviTari, romlis mixedviTac ara marto yovelTviuri
gadasaxadi gaizarda, aramed wuTobrivic. saerTo jamSi gadasaxadi
60 laridan 70 laramde gaizarda!“ SeecadeT, auxsnaT vaJas misi
satelefono gadasaxadis gazrdis mizezebi.
• moamzadeT bukleti, romelSic aRwerili iqneba samive satarifo
gegmis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi.
1. problemis gansazRvra
am safexurze unda ganisazRvros, rom TiToeul satarifo gegmas aqvs

Tavisi upiratesobebi da rom ama Tu im satarifo gegmis Sesabamisi xar-
jebi damokidebulia imaze, Tu rogoria momxmareblis zarebis ganawileba,
e.i. ramdeni satelefono zari iyenebs T1 satelefono sadgurs da ramdeni
– T2-s.
zogadi modelis Camoyalibebamde, saWiroa ramdenime kerZo SemTxvevis
ganxilva: davuSvaT, rom momxmarebli iyenebs mxolod T1 (T2) satelefono
sadgurs. davsvaT SekiTxva: romeli satarifo gegma iqneba am SemTxvevaSi
yvelaze adekvaturi (minimaluri danaxarjebiT)?
wina safexurze ganxiluli magaliTebis safuZvelze unda moxdes imis

gaazreba, rom satelefono saubrebis xarjebi aris sasaubro drois funq-
cia. TiToeul satarifo gegmas Seesabameba Tavisi funqcia. saWiroa am sami
funqciis Sedareba.

mobilizeba
wina etapze moxda problemis Camoyalibeba maTematikur enaze. saWiroa am

maTematikuri problemi gadaWra (wrfivi funqciebis Sedareba). rogor Sevad-
aroT ori wrfivi funqcia erTmaneTs?
arsebobs ramdenime xerxi. moswavlisaTvis cnobilia TiToeuli maTgani.
SeiZleba amovxsnaT utolobebi da ganvsazRvroT is Sualedebi, romlebSic
erTi funqcia metia/naklebia meore funqciaze. Tumca, momxmareblisaTvis
ukeTesi iqneba, Tu orientacias aviRebT vizualizaciaze, e.i. avagoT am sami
funqciis grafikebi, erTsa da imave sakoordinato sibrtyeSi. am suraTze naT-
lad gamoCndeba, Tu romeli funqcia rodisaa meoreze meti/naklebi.
90
4. problemis gadaWris strategiis SerCeva da misi ganxorcieleba
wina etapze moxda problemis gamartiveba: ganxilulia molod is Sem-

Txveva, rodesac momxmarebeli iyenebs mxolod erT satelefono sadgurs.
realur viTarebaSi es ase ar xdeba. rogorc wesi, momxmareblis mier ganx-
orcielebuli satelefono zarebi ganawilebulia orive satelefono sad-
gurze. saWiroa am viTarebis adekvaturi maTematikuri modelis SemuSave-
ba/SerCeva.
maTematikuri modeli SeiZleba daefuZnos imas, rom, zogadad, momx-
mareblis sasaubro drois x wuTs emsaxureba T1 satelefono sadguri,
xolo y wuTs – T2 satelefono sadguri. rogori iqneba gadasaxadebis
aRmweri funqcia TiToeuli satarifo gegmis SemTxvevaSi?
miRebuli funqciebi orcvladiania. rogor movaxdinoT maTi Sedar-

eba?
rogor warvudginoT miRebuli Sedegebi momxmarebels advilad aR-

saqmeli formiT?
5. Sedegebis Semowmeba da Sefaseba
miRebuli Sedegebis Sefaseba. orcvladiani funqciebis Sesadareblad

SeiZleba orcvladiani utolobebis amoxsna, agreTve, maTi grafikebis ga-
mosaxva. Tumca, am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi grafiki iqneba samganzomile-
biani da amdenad, Sedarebisas mosalodnelia garkveuli problemebis
wamoWra. SesaZlebelia cxrilebis Sedgena zarebis ganawilebis sxvadasxva
SemTxvevisaTvis. gansakuTrebiT im kritikul SemTxvevebSi, rodesac erTi
satarifo gegmis mixedviT miRebuli gadasaxadebi meti/naklebi xdeba meo-
reze. saWiroa am sami xerxis (algebruli, grafikuli, monacemTa warmod-
gena cxrilis saxiT) Sedareba, raTa dadgindes, Tu romeli maTgania momx-
mareblisaTvis advilad aRsaqmeli. es yovelive unda gaviTvaliswinoT
bukletis Sedgenisas.
magaliTi 5: kavSiris dadgena, arCevanis gakeTeba da gadawyvetilebis

miReba, Sedareba-Sepirispireba.
aqtivobis mizani: sacxobis mogebis maqsimalizacia.
aqtivobis piroba:
ekas aqvs mcire sacxobi, sadac acxobs namcxvrebs. igi acxobs mx-
olod ori saxis namcxvars: kremians da keqss. misi amocanaa gaarkvios, Tu
91
TiToeuli saxis ramdeni namcxvari unda gamoacxos, rom miiRos maqsimal-
uri Semosavali.
1 keqsis gamosacxobad saWiroa 100 gr. comi, xolo 1 kremiani namcxvris

gamosacxobad – 70 gr. comi da 40 gr. kremi. 10 cali keqsis gamocxobas es-
aWiroeba 6 wuTi, xolo 10 cali kremiani namcxvris gamocxobas – 9 wuTi.
xangrZlivi gamocdilebidan gamomdinare ekam icis, rom ramdeni namcx-

varic ar unda gamoacxos, gauyidavi namcxvari ar darCeba.
namcxvrebis gamosacxobi ingredientebis raodenoba ekas saSualebas

aZlevs moamzados 11 kg. namcxvris comi da 3.2 kg. kremi (yovedRiurad).
saTavsoSi SesaZlebelia mxolod 140 namcxvris Senaxva. mas namcxvris ma-
salis momzadebisa da gamosacxobad aqvs mxolod 15 saaTi.
1 cali keqsis fasia 60 TeTri, xolo 1 cali kremiani namcxvris fasia

70 TeTri. garda amisa, ekam iangariSa da daadgina, rom 1 cali keqsis ga-
mosacxobad saWiro xarjebi (masala, eleqtroenergia da a.S.) Seadgens 45
TeTrs, xolo 1 cali kremiani namcxvris gamosacxobad saWiro xarjebi
– 50 TeTrs.
davaleba: warmoidgineT, rom Tqveni saqmianobaa biznes-konsultaciebis

gaweva. eka movida TqvenTan daxmarebis misaRebad. garda imisa, rom Tqven
mas unda misceT swori rCeva, Tqven cdilobT, rom yovel klients mkafiod
dausabuToT Tqveni rCevis siswore.
1. problemis moZebna da gansazRvra

problemis Sesaxeb informaciisa da codnis organizeba (ZiriTadi
parametrebis gamoyofa, SezRudvebis Camoyalibeba, samizne funqciis
gansazRvra).

problemis Camoyalibeba da gamosaxva maTematikur enaze (cvladebis
aRniSvna simboloebiT, SezRudvebis gamosaxva utolobebis gamoyenebiT,
samizne funqciis algebrulad gamosaxva).

mobilizeba
utolobaTa sistemis amoxsnis xerxebi da amonaxsnebis grafikuli war-
modgena. wrfivi funqciis Tvisebebis gamoyeneba misi zrdadobis/klebado-
bis dadgena.
92
4. problemis gadaWris SesaZlo xerxebi
amocanis amoxsna wminada maTematikurad: utolobaTa sistemis amoxsna
da wrfivi funqciis udidesi mniSvnelobis moZebna. modelis vizualizacia
JAVA apletis saSualebiT (Linear Programming Applet: http://www.udel.edu/
present/tools/lpapplet/lpapplet.html). modelis Sedgena eleqtronuli cxrilis
saSualebiT.
5. problemis gadaWris strategiis SerCeva

problemis gadaWra daiyvaneba maTematikur amocanaze, romlis amoxsna
SesaZlebelia sami sxvadasxva xerxiT. samive maTgans aqvs upiratesoba
ama Tu im viTarebaSi. marTalia, wminda maTematikuri midgoma saSualebas
gvZlevs ukeT gaviazroT modeli, magram didi ricxvebis SemTxvevaSi es
moiTxovs Sromatevad gamoTvlebs, rac araefeqturia, gansakuTrebiT,
rodesac amocanebi realur viTarebas ukavSirdeba. apleti saSualebas
gvaZlevs movaxdinoT modelis vizualizacia, rac gvexmareba ufro
TvalsaCino gavxadoT Sedgenili modeli. eleqtronuli cxrilebi
saSualebas iZleva swrafad amovxsnaT msgavsi amocanebi, Tumca mxolod
maTi gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi Znelia modelis Rrmad gaazreba da misi
vargisianobis dasabuTeba.
6. SerCeuli strategiis ganxorcieleba

strategiis SerCevisas gadamwyveti unda iyos Sedegis swarafad miReba
da miRebuli Sedegis dasabuTeba momxmareblisaTvis. amisaTvis SesaZloa
ori xerxis – apletisa da eleqtronuli cxrilis – gamoyeneba.
7. Sedegebis Semowmeba
miRebuli Sedegebis vargisianobis Semowmeba SesaZlebelia ori sx-
vadasxva xerxis gamoyenebiT miRbuli Sedegebis erTmaneTTan SedarebiT. aqve
saWiroa realuri gamocdilebiT miRebuli Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebac.
magaliTi 6: arCevanis gakeTeba, hipoTezis gamoTqma, kvleva-Zieba,

SemoqmedebiTi midgoma.
aqtivobis mizani: problemis gadaWris maTematikuri modelis Sedgena.
aqtivobis piroba: ganvixiloT obieqtebis simravlis dalagebis prob-

lema. davuSvaT, rom eqspertTa jgufs evaleba Tavisi Sexedulebis mixed-
viT daalagos ramdenime obieqtisagan Semdgari simravle. amgvari amocane-
bi xSirad wamoiWreba realur viTarebaSi. amis erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili
magaliTia wlis bolos Catarebuli fexburTelebis ranJireba. rogorc
cnobilia, amas akeTeben sportuli Jurnalistebis gamokiTxvis Sedegad.
93
sportul Jurnalistebs sTxoven, rom fexburTelebi daalagon sakuTaris
Sexedulebisamebr, Tu romeli maTgani romelze ukeT TamaSobda.
eqspertebis maqsimaluri TavisuflebisaTvis mivceT maT imis SesaZle-
bloba, rom ramdenime obieqts mianiWon erTnairi prioriteti. magaliTad,
Tu obieqtebis simravlea { a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 , a6 , a7 } , maSin SesaZlebelia
romelime eqspertma isini amgvarad daalagos:
a1
a2
a3 , a4 , a5
a6
a7
nax. 1
eqspertebis monacemebis Segrovebis Semdeg saWiroa ganvsazRvroT

is dalageba, romelic SeTanxmebulia eqspertebis mier mowodebul
dalagebebTan. magaliTad, fexburTelebis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa
ganisazRvros saukeTeso fexburTeli, meore fexburTeli da a.S.
davaleba: moifiqreT meTodi (modeli, wesi, algoriTmi), romelic

SeiZleba gamoviyenoT am amocanis efeqturad gadasaWrelad. daasabuTeT
Tqveni modelis efeqturoba.
1. winaswari kvleva
• ganvixiloT SedarebiT martivi viTareba, rodesac gamokiTxvaSi

monawileobs mxolod 2 eqsperti da Sesadarebelia 2 obieqti.
• ganvixiloT viTareba, rodesac gamokiTxvaSi monawileobs 2

eqsperti, xolo obieqtebis raodenoba ganusazRvrelia.
am kvlevis Sedegad moswavle daadgens, rom saWiroa dalagebebs Soris

„manZilis“ gansazRvra, anu saWiroa SemovitanoT raRac sazomi, romliTac
ganisazRvreba, Tu ramdenadaa axlos ori eqspertis mosazreba.
94
2. im pirobebis gansazRvra, rasac unda akmayofilebdes modeli
eqspertebis mosazrebebis siaxlovis sazomi (pirobiTad mas davarqvaT
„manZili“) unda akmayofilebdes raRac pirobebs, romlebic gamomdinareobs
bunebrivi mosazrebebidan. SemoviRoT aRniSvna: d ( A, B ) iyos manZili ori
eqspertis mosazrebebs Soris. bunebrivia, rom igi unda akmayofilebdes
Semdeg pirobebs:
1. rodesac A ≠ B , maSin d ( A, B ) ≥ 0 . Tu orma eqspertma erTnairi
dalageba SemogvTvaza, maSin maT Soris manZili 0-is tolia, e.i. am
eqspertebis mosazrebebi erTmaneTs emTxveva.
2. samkuTxedis Tviseba: d ( A, B ) + d ( B, C ) ≥ d ( A, C )
.
3. Tu A dalageba miiReba B dalagebisagan obieqtebis raRac
gadaadgilebiT, xolo C dalageba miiReba D dalagebisagan imave
gadaadgilebiT, maSin d ( A, C ) = d ( B, D )
.
4. Tu ori dalageba – A da B dalagebebi gansxvavdeba mxolod k
-elementian nawilze, maSin d ( A, B ) tolia d ( A′, B′) , sadac A′
da B′ aris am dalagebebis is nawili, romelic maT gnsxvavebuli
aqvT.
3. monacemTa efeqturad gamosaxvis xerxebi

bunebrivia, rom anketis Sevsebisas eqspertebs unda SevTavazoT maTTvis
yvelaze mosaxerxebeli forma (ix. nax. 1), magram monacemTa damuSavebisas
saWiroa maTi gamosaxva moxerxebuli formiT (maTematikurad). Semdeg
models aqvs is upiratesoba, rom misi gamoyenebisas saWiroa mxolod
bunebriv mosazrebebze dafuZnebuli elementaruli meTodebis gamoyeneba.
sailustraciod ganvixiloT is SemTxveva, rodesac dasalagebeli
obieqtebis raodenoba 3-is tolia: { a, b, c} . dalageba SeiZleba gamoisaxos
3 × 3 cxriliT:
a b c
a
b
c
95
romelSica striqonisa da b svetis gadakveTaze weria 1, Tu eqsperti
a -s ufro maRal rangs aniWebs, vidre b -s. Tu piriqiT, maSin am adgilas
weria -1, xolo Tu eqspertis azriT maTi rangebi tolia, maSin am adgilas
weria 0. magaliTad:
b
a, c
dalagebis Sesabamisi cxrili iqneba
a b c
a 0 -1 0
1 0 1
b
c 0 -1 0
4. kerZo SemTxvevebis ganxilva
96
bunebismetyveleba
problemis gadaWra kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis

amoqmedebiT
magaliTi 1: gadawyvetilebis miReba, arCevanis gakeTeba.
aqtivobis mizani: informaciis analizis safuZvelze gadawyvetilebis

miReba.
aqtivobis piroba:
uTxari tkivils – „ara“
ar aris ioli drodadro gamovlenili Tavis an sxva saxis tkivilis
gamayuCebeli wamlis sworad SerCeva. samomxmareblo bazari savsea uamravi
tkivilgamayuCebliT da yoveli maTgani „acxadebs“, rom is saukeTesoa.
wamlebis saagento 4 sxvadasxva tkivilgamayuCeblis Sesaxeb Semdeg
informacias gvawodebs:
wamlis wamlis aRwera daniSnuleba dozir arasasurveli

dasax- dozireba movlenebi
eleba
mozrdilebisa da
Tavis tkivi- 12 welze ufrosi
acetilsalicilis li, kunTebis bavSvebisTvis: arasasurvelia
mJava tkivili, kbi- yovel 4 saaTSi xangrZlivad ga-
lis tkivi- erTxel 1/2 Wiqa moyeneba.
akvaas- 100% -iT xsnadi li, welis wyalSi gaxsnili
pirini abi. gansakuTrebiT tkivili, 1-2 abi saWiroe- ar unda gamoiye-
kargia maTTvis, vi- angina, an- bisamebr. non maT, vinc
sac abis gadaylapva TebiTi pro- umarilo dieta-
uWirs. cesebi da 12 wlamde bavS- zea.
sicxe. vebisTvis:
am asakis bavSve-
bs akvaaspirini
ar eniSnebaT
mozrdilebisa
100%-ani da 12 welze
Tavis tkivi-
paracetamoli – hi- ufrosi bavSvebi-
li, arasasurvelia
drofenileTanamini. sTvis: yovel 4
welis tkivi- xangrZlivad ga-
saaTSi erTxel
li, moyeneba
paracemi rekomendebulia me- saWiroebisamebr
kunTebis
ZuZuri qalebisa da 1-2 abi.
tkivili,
asTmiT daavadebul- 12 wlamde
arTriti,
TaTvis. bavSvebisTvis:
sicxe.
saWiroebisamebr
0,5-1 abi yovel 4
saaTSi erTxel.
97
yoveli abi Seicavs travma, sisx- mozrdilebisa da ar SeiZleba uz-
25 mg. diklofenaks lCaqceva, 14 welze ufrosi moze miReba. Tu
–aminofenileTano- kisris tkivi- bavSvebisTvis: asTma gawuxebT
lis mJavas. li, kunTis yovel 8 saaTSi an sxva wamlebs
noaqsi gaWimva, 1-2 abi. dRe-Ra- iRebT, aucile-
gamoiyeneba mwvave myesis an sax- meSi 6 abze me- belia eqimTan
tkivilisa da an- sris gaWimva, tis miReba ar konsultacia.
Tebis TanxlebiT Sakiki, SeiZleba. SesaZloa gamoi-
mimdinare proces- operaciis wvios Tavbrusx-
ebis samkurnalod. Semdgomi 14 wlamde bavS- veva, fexebis
tkivils xsnis 15-30 tkivili. vebisTvis: SeSupeba.
wuTis ganmavlobaSi. am asakis bavS-
vebs no-aqsi ar
eniSnebaT.
Tu asTma
mozrdilebisa gawuxebT an
Tavis tkivi- da 12 welze Tirkmlis
reli- yoveli abi Seicavs li, kunTis ufrosi bavSvebi- problemebi
feni 200 mg. ibuprofens tkivili, sTvis: yovel 4-6 gaqvT, alergiu-
– propanis mJavas. revmatuli saaTSi 1-2 abi. li xarT aspiri-
tkivili. 24 saaTSi 6 abze nis mimarT an
metis miReba ar fexmZimed xarT,
SeiZleba. relifanis miRe-
bamde aucile-
12 wlisa da blad
ucrosi bavSve- mimarTeT eqims
bisTvis: konsultaciisT-
am asakis bavSve- vis.
bs ar eniSnebaT.
98
davalebis piroba #1:
daalageT 4 tkivilgamayuCebeli saSualeba maTi moqmedebis siZlieris

zrdis mixedviT – sustidan Zlierisken.
CawereT ujrebSi nomrebi 1-dan 4-mde. 4 Seesabameba yvelaze Zliers.
- aspirini
- paracemi
- no-aqsi
- relifeni
gadawyvetilebis misaRebad moswavleebma cxrilidan unda amoikiTxon

informacia wamlebis Sesaxeb da SearCion kriteriumi, romlis
safuZvelzec miiReben gadawyvetilebas. amisTvis saWiroa:
• davalebis pirobis gacnoba;
• wamlis moqmedebis siZlieris gansazRvris kriteriumis SerCeva anu
dadgena, ra parametriT unda Sedardes wamlebi erTmaneTs.
• davalebis pirobis gacnobisas im qulaTa sistemis gaTvaliswineba,
romliTac fasdeba ama Tu im wamlis siZliere.
• TiToeuli wamlisTvis Sesabamisi qulis miwera.
• wamlebis CamoTvla miRebuli gradaciis Sesabamisad.
(swori pasuxebis Tanmimdevroba wamlebis dasaxelebis CamonaTvalis

mixedviT unda iyos: 2, 1, 4, 3).

2:
CamoTvlilTagan daasaxele ori tkivilgamayuCebeli saSualeba,

romlebic danarCen 2 saSualebaze metad aRizianebs kuWs.
a. akvaaspirini
b. paracemi
g. no-aqsi
d. relifeni
99
moswavle unda mixvdes, rom problemis gadaWrisTvis cxrilSi mowo-

debuli monacemebi arasakmarisia da Tavad unda moiZios damatebiTi in-
formacia. informaciis moZiebis gzebi da wyaroebi moswavlem Tavad unda
SearCios. swored es nawili moiTxovs moswavlisgan SemoqmedebiT mid-
gomas. Semdgom etapze moswavleebs uxdebaT arCevanis gakeTeba da gadaw-
yvetilebis miReba, rac maTgan kritikul midgomas moiTxovs. moswavlem
unda gansazRvros:
• ras gvekiTxeba amocana?

• aris Tu ara cxrilSi mocemuli monacemebi sakmarisi imisaTvis,
rom pasuxi gaeces kiTxvas: ra unda gakeTdes sakmarisi informaciis
misaRebad?
• ra damatebiTi informaciis moZiebaa saWiro?
• moZiebuli informaciis mixedviT, ra tipis nivTierebebi aRizianebs
kuWs?
• Seicavs Tu ara warmodgenili wamlebi mJavas da aris Tu ara es in-
formacia cxrilSi?
• cxrilis monacemebze dayrdnobiT ra daskvnis gakeTebaa SesaZle-
beli?
(swori pasux:, a da g tkivilgamayuCeblebi ufro metad aRizianebs

kuWs, vidre – b da d).
davalebis piroba #33
bankis TanamSromelma gaciebisa da Tavis tkivilis sawinaaRmdegod

relifenis ramdenime abi miiRo. pirveli ori abi dalia dilis 8 saaTze,
erTi abi – dRis 1 saaTze da ori abi – saRamos 6 saaTze. dozirebis
instruqciis mixedviT, ramdeni abis miReba SeuZlia bankis TanamSromels
Zilis win, Ramis 11 saaTze?

informacia wamlis dozirebis Sesaxeb da SearCion Sesabamisi doza. unda
gansazRvron:
• ras gvekiTxeba amocana?
• dReSi sul ramdeni abis miReba SeuZlia bankis TanamSromels?
• ratom aris dakonkretebuli, rom pacienti bankis TanamSromelia?
• ra raodenobis wamali aqvs miRebuli bankis TanamSromels dRis
ganmavlobaSi?
• ra raodenobis wamlis miReba SeuZlia pacients Zilis win?
100
(swori pasuxi: erTi abi imitom, rom dRis ganmavlobaSi miRebuli
wamlis raodenoba ar unda aRematebodes 6 abs ).
davalebis piroba #44
zemoT moyvanili informaciis safuZvelze TiToeuli avadmyofisTvis

SearCieT Sesabamisi tkivilgamayuCebeli.
avadmyofi asarCev wamalTa CamonaTvali

nino, 10 wlis bavSvi, gaciebulia akvaaspirini/paracemi/no-aqsi/relifeni
da aqvs sicxe.
giorgi, asTmiT daavadebuli 13 akvaaspirini/paracemi/ no-aqsi/relifeni
wlis biWi, wvivis daWimulobiT.
esaWiroeba sicxis damwevi da
anTebis sawinaaRmdego saSualeba.
nodari, 45 wlis, awuxebs welis akvaaspirini/paracemi/no-aqsi /relifeni
tkivili. xangrZlivad saWiroebs
yoveldRiur mkurnalobas.
elene, meZuZuri qali, awuxebs Tavis akvaaspirini/paracemi/no-aqsi/relifeni

tkivili.

informacia wamlis dozirebis Sesaxeb da SearCion saTanado preparati.
amisaTvis saWiroa:
• cxrilSi inaxos TiToeuli wamlis Cveneba da ukuCveneba;

• am informaciaze dayrdnobiT SeirCes wamali pacientisTvis;
• pasuxebi Caiweros cxrilis Sesabamisi TanmimdevrobiT.
(swori pasuxi: 1.paracemi; 2.akvaaspirini; 3.relifeni; 4. paracemi.)
magaliTi 2: SemoqmedebiTi midgoma, dakavSireba, gadawyvetilebis

miReba.
aqtivobis mizani: problemis gadaWris sxvadasxva gzebis Zieba da

arCevanis gakeTeba arsebuli situaciidan gamomdinare.
101
aqtivobis piroba:
giorgim gadawyvita zamTarSi bostneuli Seinaxos sardafSi. rogor
unda moiqces giorgi, rom sardafSi bostneuli ar gaiyinos?
am aqtivobas mravali swori pasuxi aqvs. aqedan gamomdinare,

moswavleebs eZlevaT saSualeba gamoavlinon SemoqmedebiTi midgoma da
warmoadginon ara mxolod SedarebiT standartuli gadawyetilebebi,
aramed originaluric.
• gaecaniT amocanis pirobas;
• pirvel rigSi warmoadgineT mosazrebebi – ra pirobebSi iyineba
bostneuli?
• Semdgom ganixileT pirobebi, romlebic xels uwyobs bostneulis
dacvas gayinvisagan.
(aq msjeloba, SesaZloa, sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT warimarTos:
- sardafis kars gaukeTdes Tboizolacia;
- bostneuli SeifuTos ise, rom SuaSi darCes haeris fena
siTboizolaciisaTvis;
- sardafSi moTavsdes wyliT savse didi jami – wyali
gaiyineba, gayinvis procesSi gamoiyofa siTbo da bost-
neuli ar gaiyineba.).
• imsjeleT yoveli saSualebis upiratesobis Sesaxeb. SearCieT
yvelaze originaluri.
magaliTi 3: kvleva-Zieba, Sedareba/Sepirispireba, gadawyvetilebis

miReba.
aqtivobis mizani: cdis monacemebis analizi da daskvnebis gakeTeba
aqtivobis piroba:
,,elementebi“
vanikom SeamCnia, rom zogi markis elementebi, romlebsac iyenebs

magnitofonisTvis, ufro didxans muSaobs, vidre sxvebi.
maRaziaTa qselSi magnitofonis 4 sxvadasxva markis elementi iyideba.
vanikom sTxova megobrebs daxmarebodnen saukeTeso elementis markis
dadgenaSi. vanikos TiToeulma megobarma ori gansxvavebuli markis
elementi gamoscada. maTi dakvirvebebis Sedegebi mocemulia cxrilSi.
102
ramdenad didxans muSaobs sxvadasxva markis elementi?
pirvelad meored
gamocdili muSaobis gamocdili muSaobis
elementis xangrZlivoba elementis xangrZlivoba
marka marka
vaniko N-dure 5 dRe Powerpak 5 dRe
maka X-cell 4 dRe Hardcell 5 dRe
nini Powerpak 6 dRe Hardcell 5 dRe
paliko Hardcell 3 dRe N-dure 4 dRe
liza N-dure 7 dRe X-cell 4 dRe

1:
vanikom daxeda dakvirvebis Sedegebs da Tqva: „gasagebia, kvlevam aCvena,

rom Powerpak-is elementebi yvelaze xangrZlivad muSaobs!“
• ris safuZvelze daaskvna vanikom, rom Powerpak-is elementebi

yvelaze xangrZlivad muSaobs?
• daakvirdi cxrils. ra monacemebi unda amoikiTxoT cxrilidan?
(pasuxi: – muSaobis xangrZlivoba.)
• rogor SeiZleba arsebuli monacemebis safuZvelze gaakeToT
daskvnebi?
• ra strategiebs SeiZleba mimarToT?
(pasuxi: a) saSualos daTvla; b) minimumebis da maqsimumebis
Sedareba.)
• ra monacemebi unda SeagrovoT a. da b. SemTxvevebisaTvis? (pasuxi:
a) yoveli markis elementis muSaobis xangrZlivobis daTvla
da Semdeg maTi Sedareb; b) yoveli elementis minimumebis da maqsi-
mumebis Sedareba.)
103
• romel meTods airCevT? ra upiratesoba aqvs Tqven mier arCeul
meTods?
• ipoveT pasuxi im strategiis mixedviT, romelic Tqven airCieT
(pasuxi: a) Powerpak-is elementis muSaobis saSualo dro ufro
didia, vidre sxva elementebis: (6+5)/2=5.5. yvela danarCeni el-
ementis muSaobis xangrZlivobis saSualo dro naklebia, mag.:
N-dure = 5.33 ; Hardcell =4.3.; b) Powerpak muSaobs 5 da meti dRe,
xolo yvela danarCenis muSaobis xangrZlivobis minimumi 5 dReze
naklebia (4, 4, da 3 dRe)).
• romeli markis elementi muSaobs sxvebze ufro didxans?
• swori iyo Tu ara vanikos daskvna? (pasuxi: a. da b. Powerpak ele-
menti muSaobs sxvebze ufro didxans.)

2:
moiyvaneT ori argumenti, ris gamoc vanikos mier gakeTebuli daskvna

SeiZleba CaiTvalos arasandod.
•ramdenad sandoa is monacemebi, romlis safuZvelzec vanikom gaa-

keTa daskvna?
(pasuxebis ramdenime variantia SesaZlebeli: a) ,,erTi dRe» ar aris
mkafio erTeuli, mag.: 2 saaTi, 7 saaTi Tu 24 saaTi. b) monacemebis
raodenoba mcirea, sakmarisi ar aris ganmeorebiTi cdebi. g) ,,muSao-
bis xangrZlivoba» ar aris zusti parametri, saWiroebs dakonkretebas
– mosmena, gadaxveva Tu xmis siZliere. d) imis gamo, rom erTi da imave
markis elementebis muSaobis xangrZlivobis diapazoni Zalian didia,
monacemebi SeiZleba iyos arasando. e) energiis kvebis wyaros mimarT
sxvadasxva magnitofons SeiZleba gansxvavebuli moTxovnebi hqondes
da a.S.)
magaliTi 4: eqsperimenti, arCevanis gakeTeba, gadawyvetilebis miReba.
aqtivobis mizani:
(1) energoefeqturi saxlis proeqtis SemuSaveba;
(2) energiis danaxarjis SemcirebasTan dakavSirebuli problemis
gadawyveta.
aqtivobis piroba:
SeimuSaveT energoefeqturi saxlis proeqti.
104
1:
warmoadgineT energoefeqturi saxlis proeqti.
• informaciis mogroveba: monacemebi Tboizolatorebis Sesaxeb. sx-

vadasxva sawvavis, bunebrivi airis, eleqtroenergiis Rirebulebis
dadgena.
• kvlevis gegmis SemuSaveba:
CaatareT gamokvleva, Tu ramdenad energoefeqturia Tqveni

sacxovrebeli saxli. amisaTvis daadgineT:
– ra masalisgan aris damzadebuli saxlis kedlebi?
– aris Tu ara fanjrebi ormagi minis?
– aqvs Tu ara iatakis da saxuravis Tboizolacia?
– aqvs Tu ara kedlebze miwayrili?
– aqvs Tu ara mcire zomis fanjrebi CrdiloeTis mxares?
– aqvs Tu ara saizolacio sicariele kedlebSi an saizolacio
xis CarCoebi?
– aqvs Tu ara saventilacio sistema?
– iyenebT Tu ara saTburis princips?
– saxlis ra nawilSi ikargeba siTbos yvelaze didi raodenoba?
• analizi: moifiqreT, ra SegiZliaT SecvaloT Tqvens sacxovrebel

saxlSi, rom meti energia dazogoT.

2:
CaatereT gamokvleva, ra saxis sawvavia ufro ekonomiuri.
• CaatareT eqsperimenti.
eqsperimentis msvleloba:
aaduReT erTi litri wyali gazquraze. mricxvelis Cvenebis sxvao-

biT gansazRvreT ramdeni kub. metri bunebrivi airi daixarja wylis
asaduReblad. gaamravleT 1m3 airis Rirebulebaze.
aaduReT erTi litri wyali eleqtroCaidniT. dainiSneT dro, ro-

melic wylis aduRebas dasWirda. Caidanze monaxeT misi simZlavris
105
aRmniSvneli warwera. A=Pt formulis saSualebiT gamoTvaleT
energia, romelic daixarja wylis asaduReblad. gaamravleT erT
kvt.sT. eleqtroenergiis Rirebulebaze.
• SeadareT es ori monacemi erTmaneTs.
analizi: eleqtroenergiis moxmareba ufro ekonomiuria Tu bune-

brivi airis? ramdenjer? romelia ekologiurad ufro sufTa saw-
vavi?
moifiqreT, rogor CaataroT msgavsi gamokvleva navTis da SeSis
SemTxvevaSi. binis gasaTbobad upiratesobas navTs mianiWebdiT Tu
SeSas?
am ori davalebis Sesrulebis safuZvelze

• SeadgineT saxlis efeqturi modeli.
• prezentaciisaTvis moamzadeT plakati yvela ZiriTadi monacemiT.
• gaakeTeT proeqtis prezentacia.
aqtivobis mizani: problemis gadaWrisTvis saqmianobis dagegmva da

yovel etapze gadawyvetilebebis miReba.
aqtivobis piroba: megobrebTan erTad moawyveT qoTnis mcenareebis

auqcioni, rac skolisTvis damatebiTi Semosavlis wyaro iqneba.
• gamoarkvieT, yvelaze popularuli oTaxis mcenareebi;

• gansazRvreT, rogor gaamravlebT SerCeul mcenareebs;
• SeadgineT saWiro resursebis nusxa;
• gansazRvreT, ra dro dagWirdebaT mcenareTa gasamravleblad;
• gaanawileT funqciebi;
• mcenareebis garkveuli raodenobis Segrovebis Semdeg dagegmeT da
moawyveT auqcioni;
• gansazRvreT, risTvis gamoiyenebT auqcionidan Semosul Tanxas.
problemis gadaWra SemoqmedebiTi da kritikuli azrovnebis amoqmedeb-

iT
magaliTi 6: SemoqmedebiTi midgoma. arCevanis gakeTeba.
106
aqtivobis mizani: problemis gadaWris mravalferovani gzebis Zieba.
optimaluri gadawyvetilebis miReba – yvelaze optimaluri (misi azriT)
erTi gzis amorCeva.
aqtivobis piroba: givim iyida Tevzebi da

moaTavsa akvariumSi. ramdenime dReSi man SeamC-
nia, rom Tevzebi SedarebiT nela dacuravdnen
da ar gamoiyurebodnen janmrTelad.givim dax-
marebisaTvis megobars mimarTa.
warmoidgineT, rom givis megobari xarT da

daexmareT mas.

• problemis gadaWris gzebis SesaZlo variantebis CamoTvla.
pasuxis variantebi:
a) Tevzebis wayvana specialistiTan;
b) saTanado literaturis gacnoba da amis safuZvelze
gadawyetilebis miReba;
g) nacnobebisgan konsultaciis aReba da Segrovebuli in
formaciis safuZvelze TevzebisTvis daxmarebis gaweva
da a.S.
• problemis gadaWrisTvis mniSvnelovani kriteriumebis gansaz-
Rvra.
pasuxis variantebi:
a) arsebiTia Tu ara sisiwarafe problemis gadaWrisas,
Tu SesaZlebelia, rom misi gadawyveta droSi gaiwelos.
b) arsebiTia Tu ara finansuri sakiTxi problemis
gadaWrisas da a.S.
• prioritetebis gansazRvris safuZvelze argumentirebuli arCeva-
nis gakeTeba;
• samoqmedo gegmis Sedgena.
aqtivobis mizani: arsebiTi kriteriumebis gamoyofa da am kriteri-

umebis safuZvelze arCevanis gakeTeba.
aqtivobis piroba: warmoidgine, rom agtkivda kbili. saxlSi aRmo-

gaCnda ramdenime klinikis sareklamo bukleti. romel klinikas mimarTav
daxmarebisaTvis?
107
1.
stomatologiuri klinika
fastdenti
gTavazobT yvela saxis stomatologiur
momsaxurebas umokles vadebSi.
eqimTan erT vizitSi Cven gimkurnalebT

dazianebul kbilebs.
Tqven namdvilad dazogavT dros.
klinika gTavazobT momsaxurebas saxlSic.
tel: 18 08 49; 18 69 12
2.
stomatologiuri klinika
”dentiveri XXI”
saqarTveloSi pirveli kerZo
stomatologiuri klinika. igi aRWurvilia
evropuli qveynebis wamyvani mwarmoeblebis
mier Seqmnili stomatologiuri aparaturiTa
da masalebiT, rac uzrunvelyofs nebismieri
proceduris maRali xarisxiTa da
umtkivneulod Catarebas.
http://www.dentiverixxi.ge
3.
108
3.
“unident rosi”” - stomatologiisa

unident-rosi
da samedicino esTetikis qarTul
qarTul-
germanul-espanuri
germanul espanuri klinik
klinikaa
stomatologiuri mkurnaloba germanuli
standartebiT; germanuli sateqniko laboratoria;
rezidentura, specializaciis moklevadiani
kursebi; „rosis“ oficialuri warmomadgenloba da
distribucia; saxisa da sxeulis movla „rosis“
uaxlesi aparaturis gamoyenebiT.
380002, Tbilisi, daviT

aRmaSeneblis gamziri #126
(Sesasvleli krilovis quCidan)
tel.: (995 32) 94-03-94, 96-02-92, 96-71-26
faqsi: (995 32) 95-27-89
el-fosta: info@unident-ross.com
http://www.unident-ross.com
vmuSaobT yoveldRe
konsultaciebi ufasoa
109
4.
anpidenti
stomatologiuri klinika „anpidenti“
misamarTi: Tbilisi, q. wamebulis 2 (metro
avlabris ukan)
tel: 74 71 98
mob: 899 69 81 82
http://anpident.info-tbilisi.com
http://anpident.info-tbilisi.co
sadReRamiso stomatologiuri klinika
„anpidenti“ gTavazobT stomatologiuri
momsaxurebis farTo speqtrs. CvenTan Tqven
mogemsaxurebian umaRlesi kvalifikaciis mqone
eqimebi, uaxlesi da Tanamedrove masalebiTa da
aparaturiT da, rac mTavaria, es yvelaferi 24
saaTis ganmavlobaSi.
qirurgiuli Careva
kbilis, eqstraqcia (amoReba) - 6 dan 10 l.
fesvis mwvervalis rezeqcia - 20 dan 80 l.
RrZilebis koreqcia - 10 dan 15 l.
Terapiuli Careva
kbilis dabJena (daplombva) - 20 dan 50 l.
fesvis ganbJena da Tavidan dabJena - 15 dan 25 l.
kbilis restavracia heliobJeniT - 30 dan 120 l.
RrZilebis mkurnaloba - 100 dan 150 l.
qvebis mocileba, kbilebis gawmenda - 25 dan 50l.
orTodontiuli Careva
kbilebis gasworeba firfitovani aparatiT - 50
dan 80 l.
kbilebis gasworeba breket-sistemiT - 350 dan 400
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kbilebis Casma metaloplastmasis - 25 dan 40 l.
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rbili firfitovani proTezis Casma - 150 dan 400
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biugelisebrivi proTezis Casma - 250 dan 350 $
mooqruli da foladis gvirgvinebi - 25 dan 35 l.
rentgenologiuri Careva
klinika „anpidentSi“ gamoiyeneba rentgenis
uaxlesi aparati, minimaluri dasxivebiT - 3–dan
4 l.
110
• xelTarsebuli informaciis gacnoba;

• mniSvnelovani kriteriumebis gansazRvra.
pasuxis variantebi:
a) rekomendirebuli klinika an eqimi;
b) sanitaruli normebi;
g) adgilmdebareoba qalaqSi;
d) bukletSi mocemuli amomwuravi informacia momsax-
urebis tipebze;
e) bukletis dizaini;
v) momsaxurebis fasi;
z) samuSao saaTebi;
T) sakontaqto informaciis sicxade;
i) vebgverdis arseboba da a.S.
• kriteriumebis prioritetebis gansazRvra (magaliTad, ra aris

ufro mniSvnelovani – samuSao saaTebi Tu momsaxurebis fasi).
• arCevanis gakeTeba.
111
Tavi mexuTe
ZiriTadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
maswavleblis mier problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlebis strategiebis

gamoyeneba moswavleebs aZlevs realuri, cxovrebiseuli problemebis
gacnobis SesaZleblobas. problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla moswavleze
orientirebuli swavlebis qvakuTxedia, romelic, Tavis mxriv, warmoadgens
Tanamedrove ganaTlebis sistemis amosaval wertils.
aqtiuri swavlis procesSi swavla aRaraa standartuli, rutinuli
procesi – igi gardaiqmneba pirovnebis ganviTarebis procesad, ris
Sedegadac moswavles uyalibdeba problemis gadaWris, kritikuli
azrovnebis da swavlis unar-Cvevebi. cxovrebis manZilze adamianebi
ejaxebian mraval problemas da isini pouloben maTi gadaWris konkretul
gzebs. am TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom moswavleebi
moemzadon TavianTi momavlisaTvis – skolaSive, TavianT saswavlo
garemoSi, gaecnon realur da realobasTan miaxloebul problemebs da
SesZlon am problemebis Sesabamisad gadaWra. ganaTlebis mTavari Sedegi
swored isaa, rom moamzados moswavle, romelsac SeuZlia problemebis
efeqturad gamklaveba.
problemis gadaWris swavla, faqtobrivad, swavlis swavlaa.
problemis gadaWris safuZvlebi devs diuis principSi „swavla keTebiT da
gamocdilebis miRebiT“. problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla aris aqtiuri
swavla, romelic moswavles aZlevs imis SesaZleblobas, rom gaacnobieros
da gansazRvros problemis gadaWris sakuTari unari da swavlis saWiroebebi,
iswavlos „swavla“, gaxados sakuTari codna ufro „operatiuli“ da
Seasrulos jgufuri davalebebi „realuri cxovrebiseuli problemebis“
konteqstSi. im saklaso garemoSi, sadac gamoyenebulia problemaze
dafuZnebuli swavleba, moswavleebi sakuTar swavlaze TandaTan ufro
met pasuxismgeblobas iReben. isini xdebian maswavleblisgan ufro
damoukidebeli da bolos yalibdebian damoukidebel Semmecneblebad, anu
iseT pirovnebebad, romelTac SeuZliaT miiRon uwyveti ganaTleba mTeli
cxovrebis manZilze.
amrigad, problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis modeli moswavles uviTarebs
unars, gaxdes aqtiuri da Tavisufali TviTSemmecnebeli. am modeliT,
problemebis gadaWris procesSi moswavle iZens axal codnas. amasTan,
zogadad, mas uyalibdeba dadebiTi damokidebuleba problemis gadaWris,
azrovnebis, jgufuri muSaobis, komunikaciis, informaciis SeZenis da
gaziarebis mimarT. problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla ZiriTadad moicavs:
„problemas, gadaWras, kvlevas, kiTxvebis dasmas, realizms, originalobas
da integracias“. swavlis am modelis mizania uzrunvelyos informaciis
SeZena faqtebze dayrdnobiT. am miznis misaRwevad problemebi SeirCeva
112
realuri samyarodan. problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla mimdinareobs
jgufuri muSaobisas. jgufSi unda iyos 6-8 moswavle. maswavlebels aqvs
fasilitatoris roli, romelic warmarTavs moswavleebis saswavlo
aqtivobebs. maswavlebeli atarebs diskusiis monitorings, svams SekiTxvebs,
cdilobs SemTxveviT warmoqmnili konfliqtis gadaWras, cdilobs jgufis
yvela monawilis diskusiaSi CarTvas, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi mohyavs
magaliTebi, afasebs da a.S.
warmatebuli cxovrebisaTvis mniSvnelovania problemebis cnoba
(SemCneva), am problemebis mniSvnelobis gageba, am problemebis warmoqmnis
mizezebis gageba da adreul safexurze maTi aRmofxvra, gadaWra. am
TvalsazrisiT, problemis gadaWraze dafuZnebuli swavla niSnavs
imis aRiarebas, rom swavla unda iyos srulyofili da emyarebodes
adekavturobis ideas. rogorc wesi, moswavleebi miCveuli arian, rom
problemebi ganixilon, rogorc „rTuli, gaugebari, kompleqsuri da
abstraqtuli“. aseTi damokidebuleba moswavles problemis gadaWraSi
uSlis xels. problemaze dafuZnebuli swavliT ki moswavleebi Tavad
iZenen codnas problemis gadaWris procesSi, xdebian aqtiurebi, izrdeba
maTi kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba, umcirdebaT SiSi realuri
(SesaZlo an aqtualuri) problemebis mimarT; moswavleebis saswavlo
motivacia izrdeba, radganac im codnas, romelsac iReben gakveTilebze,
ukavSireben realur cxovrebas.
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba CamovayaliboT problemaze dafuZnebuli
swavlis dadebiTi mxareebi, kerZod:
• swavla aris moswavleze orientirebuli da ara maswavlebelze
centrirebuli;
• swavlis modeli moswavleebSi ayalibebs TviTkontrolis da

TviTmarTvis unar-Cvevebs.
• es modeli moswavles aswavlis momavlis dagegmvas, realobis

gaazrebas, emociebis gamoxatvas;
• modeli moswavles aZlevs unars, dainaxos movlenebi mra-

valmxriv da ufro Rrma perspeqtiviT;
• es modeli moswavles uviTarebs problemis gadaWris unars;
• es modeli moswavles ubiZgebs aiTvisos axali masala da cne-

bebi porblemis gadaWris procesSi;
• moswavles uviTarebs komunikaciisa da socialur, jgufuri Tu

gunduri muSaobis unar-Cvevebs;
• aviTarebs moswavlis zeda donis saazrovno unar-Cvevebs (blu-

mis mixedviT – analizi, sinTezi da Sefaseba), kritikuli az-
rovnebis da samecniero azrovnebis unar-Cvevebs;
113
• iZleva Teoriis da praqtikis gamTlianebis SesaZleblobas. mo-
swavles aZlevs arsebul codnasTan axali codnis Serwymis da
konkretul saganSi msjelobis unar-Cvevebs;
• zrdis rogorc moswavlis, aseve maswavleblis swavlis da swav-

lebis motivacias;
• moswavleebi swavloben drois marTvas, amocanaze koncentri-

rebas, monacemebis Segrovebas, angariSis momzadebas da Sefase-
bas.
• moswvles uviTarebs swavlis unar-Cvevebs, riTac mas mTeli

cxovrebis manZilze SeuZlia „uwyveti ganaTlebis“ miReba.
problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis efeqtian ganxorcielebas,

SesaZlebelia, xeli SeuSalos Semdegma garemoebebma:
• maswavleblebisTvis Znelia swavlebis Zveli stilis Secvla;
• problemuri situaciebis gadaWra moswavlisagan moiTxovs sakmaod

did dros da Zalisxmevas;
• problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla moiTxovs mdidar samuSao masalas

da kvlevas;
• rTulia am modelis yvela klasSi ganxorcieleba, gansakuTrebiT –

im moswavleebTan, romelTac ar esmiT realuri, socialuri prob-
lemebis mniSvneloba.
• problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis Sedegebis Sefaseba sakmaod rTu-

lia da droSi gawelili;
qvemoT mocemulia rekomendaciebi, romlebic daexmareba maswavleb-

lebs da ganaTlebis sxva specialistebs problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis
meTodis sworad gamoyenebaSi:
• swavlis procesi unda daiwyos problemis ganxilviT. problema

unda iyos kritikuli da warmoadgendes „problemas“ mocemuli
asakis moswavlisTvis;
• problemuri amocanis Sinaarsi unda iwvevdes moswavleebis cnobis-

moyvareobas da interess;
• problemuri situacia ar unda iyos imdenad rTuli, rom moswav-

leebs ukargavdes misi gadaWris survils;
• problema moswavleebs unda aZlevdes imis SesaZleblobas, rom maT

gaiTavison problema da gauCndeT misi gadaWris Sinagani survili.
114
• problemebi unda SeirCes im problemaTa rigidan, romlebic
yvelazed metad Seesabameba realur samyaros;
• problema unda moicavdes erT sakiTxs.
• problema unda aswavlides moswavleebs karg da eTikur saqciels

da ara negatiur qmedebebs da qcevebs;
• problema unda exmarebodes moswavleebs Tavisuflad gamoxaton

sakuTari azri;
• moswavleebs unda mieceT saWiro dro imisaTvis, rom SeZlon prob-

lemis gadaWrisTvis saWiro informaciis Segroveba da gadaWris
strategiebis dasaxva;
• moswavleebis SemoqmedebiTi midgoma (kreatuloba) unda waxalis-

des;
• komfortuli, Tavisufali da usafrTxo garemo xels uwyobs mo-

swavleebis azrovnebis da problemis gadaWris unaris ganviTare-
bas.
115
moswavleebSi problemis kritikuli gzebiT gadaWris unaris
gaviTarebas gansakuTrebiT uwyobs xels:
• moswavleebisaTvis dasmuli SekiTxvis analizisaTvis da masze Ses-

abamisi pasuxis gasacemad saWiro drois gamoyofa.
• klasSi dadebiTi garemos Seqmna.
• warmodgenili Sesaswavli masalis ukve cnobili an jer kidev uc-
nobi mxareebis winaswari mimoxilva.
• avTenturi davalebebis (davalebebi, romlebic Seicavs iseT
sakiTxebs, amocanebs, romlebic moiTxovs moswavlis produci-
rebul pasuxebs) warmodgena, romelic Seicavs odnav damabnevel
garemoebebs da xels uwyobs refleqsuri procesebis CarTvas.
• SekiTxvebis dasma, romlebic moswavlisagan moiTxovs dasabuTebas
da mtkicebulebebis moyvanas.
• problemis gamorkvevis procesSi moswavleebis saazrovno proces-
ebis gaaqtiureba maTTvis saWiro axsna-ganmartebebis gziT.
• moswavlisTvis naklebad struqturirebuli saswavlo garemos Se-
Tavazeba, rac xels Seuwyobs moswavlis mier sakuTari mosazrebis
moZiebasa da gamoTqmas.
• jgufuri muSaobis, wyvilSi muSaobis da swavlebis sxva socialuri
meTodebis gamoyeneba, romlebic xels uwyobs moswavleebs Soris
azrTa urTierTgacvlas da sxvisi mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebas.
• moswavleebis mier Canawerebis warmoeba, sadac ama Tu im konkretu-
li mosazrebis mxardasaWerad aRwerili iqneba moswavlis pozicia,
mosazreba, dasabuTeba, sxva mosazrebebis gacnobiereba da sakuTari
poziciis susti mxareebis gaazreba.
• maswavlebelma unda gamoiyenos „ratom“, „rogor“, „ra“ SekiTxvebis
strategia, rac gamoiwvevs moswavleebis kritikuli azrovnebis
gaaqtiurebas.
• saklaso aqtivobebi unda hgavdes realobasTan miaxloebul situa-
ciebs da iZleodes integrirebuli gamocdilebis miRebis SesaZle-
blobas.
moswavleebSi problemis SemoqmedebiTi gzebiT gadaWris unaris

gaviTarebas gansakuTrebiT uwyobs xels:
• codnis bazis ganviTareba: mecnierebaSi, literaturaSi, xelovne-

basa da maTematikaSi maRali donis momzadeba SemoqmedebiT adamians
aZlevs informaciis did marags, romelic xels uwyobs adamianebis
unarebis ganviTarebas.
116
• SemoqmedebisTvis swori atmosferos Seqmna: „gonebrivi ieriSis“
meTodi saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs, rom gauCndeT uamravi
axali idea. am meTodis arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom erTad Sekre-
bil moswavleebs sTxoven raime problemis gadawyvetisas (an raime
sakiTxze) warmoadginon rac SeiZleba meti idea da Tan maT ar aqvT
sxvisi kritikis ufleba. aseTi meTodi badebs uamrav saintereso
ideas, radgan Zalian xSirad uCveulo, axali, sxvagvari ideebis ge-
nerirebaSi Cven xels gviSlian sxva adamianebi an Cvenive SezRudu-
loba.
• analogiebis Zieba: gamokvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom adamianebs uWirT

problemur situaciebsa da amocanebSi ukve nacnobi da maT mier
mogvarebuli situaciis amocnoba. amocanis SemoqmedebiTi gziT
gadaWris SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania moswavleebs gavaxsenoT
analogiuri amocanebi, romlebic maT ukve SexvdaT. magaliTad,
Tqven SeiZleba gaixsenoT, Tu rogor gaakeTeT webo fqvilisgan da
axali amocanis gadawyvetisasac gamoiyenoT es meTodi.
117
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”bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba”.
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buneba printi.
diui j. wignidan Sesavali Tanamedrove azrovnebaSi. ilia WavWavaZis univer-

sitetis gamomcemloba. wignis eleqtronuli versia mopovebulia ilia WavWava-
Zis universitetis veb-gverdidan: http://www.iliauni.edu.ge/ge/
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gegma. zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebisaTvis. 2007 weli.
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kldiaSvili, a., RaRaniZe, n., erisTavi, m., (2007). xelovneba, me-8 klasis
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kuWuxiZe, m. (2000). SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba da toransis kreatulobis testi

(saleqcio masalebi).
meifariani, T., miminoSvili, z., miqiaSvili, l., (2006)., samoqalaqo ganaTle-

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neiZe, v., surgulaZe, m., bokeria, m., baxia-oqruaSvili, s., uzunaSvili, T. (2007).
saqarTvelosa da msoflios istoria da geografia, me-8 klasi; “logos presi”.
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120

Problemaze Dafuznebuli Swavla

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Problemaze Dafuznebuli Swavla

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erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri

meTodologiuri saxelmZRvanelo saskolo

ISBN 978-9941-0-0543-5 (yvela nawilis)

ISBN 978-9941-0-0544-2 (meore nawilis)

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis (esg) mixedviT, swavla niSnavs informaci-

erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis da Sefasebis centri

problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla

ganaTlebis specialistebis mTavari sazrunavia, rom moswavleebma SeZlon

problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis midgomas axasiaTebs sami ZiriTadi

9 swavla eyrdnoba Riad dasmul problemur SekiTxvebs;

problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla exeba rogorc kurikulums, ise

rogorc SesavalSi aRvniSneT, problemaze dafuZnebuli swavlis dros

amocana maSin iqceva problemad, rodesac misi gadaWris gzebi imTaviTve

(1) swavlebis procesSi miwodebuli problemuri amocana unda iyos

warmodgena, rom mcirewlovan bavSvebs ar SeuZliaT problemis

mixvda danieli, rom masTan Serkinebas azri ar hqonda da gadawyvita xerxi

qato iqa, fqvili aqa,

maswavlebeli ganixilavs zRapris Sinaarss da moswavleebs usvams

SekiTxva: – ra gaakeTa danielma, roca Seipara devis sasaxleSi?

pasuxi: – danielma ipova bati, romelic debda oqros kvercxebs. roca

SekiTxva: – daukiTxavad Sevida Tu ara danieli sxvis samflobeloSi?

SekiTxva: – Tqva Tu ara danielma tyuili?

SekiTxva: – moipara Tu ara danielma bati, romelic debda oqros

SekiTxva: – danielis mizeziT mokvda devi?

SekiTxva: – Tu yvela zemoT CamoTvlili qmedeba danielma Caidina,

bolo SekiTxva Tavdayira ayenebs am zRapris bednier da TiTqosda

mesame TavSi ufro detalurad da sagnobriv WrilSi aris ganxiluli

fsiqologiaSi problemis gadaWris procesebs aRweren ciklis

amrigad, problemis gadaWris cikli Sedgeba Semdegi etapebisgan:

1. problemis moZebna da gansazRvra

2. problemis Camoyalibeba da warmodgena

3. problemis Sesaxeb informaciisa da resuresebis organizeba da codnis

4. SesaZlo alternativebis an gadaWris gzebis moZieba

5. problemis gadaWris strategiebis SerCeva

6. SerCeuli strategiis ganxorcieleba da progresze dakvirveba

7. Sedegebis Semowmeba da Sefaseba

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, rTuli problemis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa,

problemuri amocanebis gadaWris ori strategia

problemis gadaWra aris rTuli moqmedeba, romelic saazrovno unar-

kritikuli azrovneba aris azrovnebis is saxe, romelic problemis

(1) induqcia an induqciuri daskvna – kerZo msjelobidan zogadis gam-

amgvarad, kritikuli azrovnebis gasaaqtiureblad Seqmnili amocanebi

SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba aris rTuli saazrovno unar-Cveva. es aris

gilfordis mixedviT gamoiyofa SemoqmedebiTi midgomis (kreatulobis)

1. originaloba – daSorebuli asociaciebis, araCveulebrivi pa-

ratom xdeba, rom zog adamians uCndeba SemoqmedebiTi ideebi da zogs

• amocana moswavles aZlevs problemis gadaWris ramdenime SesaZle-

• amocana moswavles aZlevs problemis gadaWris ramdenime pasuxis

• SesaZlebelia pasuxSi garkveuli subieqturobis (individualuri)

• amocana orientirebulia problemis gadaWris axali (orginal-

• amocana orientirebulia napovni gadawyvetilebis gaumjobesebis

• amocanis pasuxi winaswar ar aris gansazRvruli da ar aris mx-

kritikuli azrovneba SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba

problemis gadaWris dros mniSvnelovania orive tipis azrovneba.

problemuri amocanis tipebi sxvadasxva sagnebidan

problemis gadaWraze orientirebuli davalebebi aris ararutinuli

problemuri amocanis tipebi qarTul enasa da

problemuri tipis amocanebi Cndeba, rodesac saWiroa:

1. arCevanis gakeTeba/gadawyvetilebis miReba

sagnis specifikidan/Sinaarsidan gamomdinare msjelobis Camoyalibebi-

moswavles mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis Seqmnisas/anal-

3. obieqtze/problemaze/movlenaze Sexedulebis Secvla

kamaTis/diskusiis dros moswavle cdilobs argumentirebuli msj-

5. SemoqmedebiTi midgomis gamoyeneba /gadawyvetis

moswavles xSirad uwevs imgvari literaturuli teqstebis analizi,

problemuri tipis amocanebi SesaZloa exebodes situaciebs