1 FMA3601

OCT/NOV 2020
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS

October / November 2020

FMA3601

Fluid Mechanics III

100 Marks

Duration 3 Hours

EXAMINERS:
FIRST: Z SHAIKH
SECOND: T SITHEBE

This paper consists of 3 pages including the cover page + 1 page formula sheet.

Instructions:

1. Plagiarism is the act of taking words, ideas and thoughts of others and presenting it as your
own. It is a form of theft which involves a number of dishonest academic activities.
2. Honor Pledge: I have neither given nor received aid on the examination or participated in any
activities constituting plagiarism as described above.
3. This is a closed book examination
4. Answer all the questions in this paper.
5. Write clearly using black or blue ink
6. Space your work out adequately.
7. Ensure that your scanned document is legible before submitting.
8. NOTE: IF YOU THINK THAT INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION HAS BEEN SUPPLIED TO
SOLVE A PROBLEM, MAKE A REALISTIC ASSUMPTION, MOTIVATE IT AND THEN
PROCEED TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM.
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OCT/NOV 2020

Question 1
Water (bulk modulus = 2 GPa) flows at a rate of 0.3 m3/s through a steel pipe with a
Young’s modulus of 200 GPa. The internal diameter of the pipe is 500 mm with a wall
thickness of 7 mm. The pipe consists of a valve at the end of its 1000 m length. Take k =
0.85.
1.1 Discuss the causes and consequences of a water hammer (5)
1.2 Determine the rise in pressure if the valve is closed in 10 seconds (10)
1.3 Determine the pressure increase if the valve is closed suddenly (10)

[25]
Question 2
A compound vortex consisting of a central forced vortex and an outer free vortex is
formed in a body of water. The angular velocity of the vortex is 20 rad/s. If the radius
where the vortex change occurs is 0.3 m,
2.1 Determine the depth of the centre of depression below the free surface (10)
2.2 Calculate the height of the forced vortex from the centre of the depression, the
depth of the free vortex from the surface and illustrate these on a diagram. (10)
2.3 Discuss the types of vortices and the relationship between the angular velocity and
the radius in each case. (5)

[20]
Question 3
Two reservoirs are connected by the pipe system shown below. The pipes are made of
commercial steel. The diameter of the pipe section A – B is 18 cm and B – D is 15 cm.
The length of the pipes AB, BC and CD are 7 m, 5 m and 3 m.

H
Ø = 18 cm

Ø = 15 cm
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OCT/NOV 2020
3.1 Calculate the friction factors of the pipes between the reservoir using the moody
chart. Take the velocities in section AB as 2 m/s and in BD as 2.7 m/s. (10)
3.2 Determine difference in elevation, H, of the water levels between the two reservoirs.
Take into consideration all major and minor losses in the system, Take K at the
contraction 0.6 and the bend as 0.5. (20)

[You may take the following flow parameters: μ = 8.90 × 10−4 Pa·s and ρ = 1000 kg/s]

[30]

Question 4
Water is discharged from a nozzle at a flowrate of 0.1 m3/s. The water strikes a fixed plate
inclined at 135° clockwise from the horizontal. The nozzle diameter is 15 mm.
4.1 Calculate the reaction force from the plate (5)
4.2 If the plate is now allowed to move, calculate the force needed to:
(a) push the plate away from the jet at 10 m/s (5)
(b) pull the plate towards the jet at 5 m/s (5)
4.3 Calculate the mass of the flow striking the plate per second in each of the cases in
question 4.1 (5)
[25]
[TOTAL MARKS 100]

©
UNISA 2020
 i FMA401M
JAN/FEB 2019
FORMULA SHEET

ω2 r 2 v 2
z+d= + c = vr
2g 2g

©
UNISA 2020