Can you please complete class notes by looking into the following (completed work should be placed in your

Class
Notes area;
 
Food Molecule Elements found Use in the body Examples of foods that contain the molecules
Carbohydrates Carbon, oxygen, Hydrogen To provide Pasta, rice, sugar
energy.
Proteins Carbon, oxygen, Hydrogen, Meat and fish Needed for growth and repair of tissue.
nitrogen
Fats Carbon, oxygen, Hydrogen Butter, oily fish Act as an energy store and provide insulation
Water Hydrogen and oxygen Food and drinks Water is the base for all chemical reactions
within the body
 
Then we will break down each food molecule to look at it in greater detail;
 
Please complete the following;
 
1. CARBOHYDRATES
 
Type of Carbohydrate Description Please give examples (for polysaccharides
please give examples in both plants and
animals)
Monosaccharides These are simple sugars, with the Glucose
general formula (CH20)n, where n
can be 3-7
Disaccharides These are double sugars, they are Maltose, sucrose and lactose
made up of 2 monosaccharides
Polysaccharides These are large sugars made up of Animals: Glycogen
multiple monosaccharides Plants: Starch
 
 
2. PROTEINS
 
Please start by Describing Amino Acids and how these form Proteins (please outline the steps, HINT: Protein
Synthesis)
 
 
 
 
 
Then complete the following table;
 
Type of Please describe these types of proteins examples
Proteins
Fibrous Fibrous proteins are formed from parallel polypeptide chains held together Collagen and keratin
proteins by cross-links. These form long, rope like fibres, with high tensile strength
and are generally insoluble in water.
Globular Globular proteins usually have a spherical shape caused by tightly folded Haemoglobin (transport
proteins polypeptide chains. proteins), enzymes and
The chains are usually folded so that hydrophobic groups are on the inside, hormones
while the hydrophilic groups are on the outside.
 
 
 3. FATS
 
Please describe the structure of Fats by describing the two molecules that it is made up of.
 
Go into more details by looking into the following;
 
Types of Fatty Acids  What are they?  What impact/role do they have on our health? 
Saturated Fatty  These are straight-chain organic acids with  They have the ability to elevate the blood lipid
Acids  an even number of carbon atoms. They level in humans 
come from both animal fat as well as plant
oil  
Un-saturated Fatty  There is at least one double bond within  Help reduce high blood cholesterol levels 
Acids  the chain. It is a fat or fatty acid 
Monounsaturated  Contain only one double bond in the chain  Healthy fats such as olive oil and avocado 
Fatty Acid 
Polyunsaturated  Contain more than one double bond in the  They play an important role in membrane fluidity
Fatty Acid  fat chain   and many functions, such as inflammation, blood
clotting, regulation of blood pressure.