CRI

TICALBOOKREPORT
“
CALCULUSDI
FERENTI
AL:LI
MIT”

Lect
urer
:HanaDHut
abar
at,
M,Si

CREATEDBY:

 PALAGUNASI
AHAAN(
4193131017)

 THERESI
AOAMBARI
TA(
4193131003)

 YOHANAELI
SABET(
4191131027)

STUDYPROGRAM S1BI
LINGUALCHEMI
STRYEDUCATI
ON

FACULTYOFMATHEMATI
CSANDNATURALSCI
ENCE

STATEUNI
VERSI
TYOFMEDAN

2019

1|Page
 PREFACE

Praisetheauthor
ssaythepresenceofGodAlmi
ghty
,forHi
sblessi
ngssothatthe
authorcancompl et
etheCrit
icalBookRepor
t(CBR)toful
fi
llt
heassignment
sof
Dif
ferenti
alCal
cul
uscour
se.

I
nt hepreparat
ionofthi
staskormateri
al,notafew obst
acl
esfacedbyt
heaut
hor.
Therefor
etheauthorwoul
dliket
othankthelect
urer
swhohav ehel
pedint
hesmoot
h
wri
tingofthi
sCBR.

Inwri
ti
ngt hi
sCRI TI
CALBOOK REPORT,theauthorhastri
edt opresentthebest.
However
,theremaystil
lbeerr
orsi
nthewri
ti
ng.Thewri
terhopestogetcri
ti
cism and
i
nputfr
om reader
s.Theauthoral
sohopest
hatthi
sCBRcanpr ovi
deinformati
onand
hav
ebenefit
sforal
lpart
ies.

23rdSept
Medan, ember2019

Aut
hor

2|Page
 TABLEOFCONTENTS

PREFACE i
TABLEOFCONTENTS i
i
CHAPTERI
:INTRODUCTI
ON i
ii
Backgr
ound 1
Obj
ect
ive 1
Benef
it
s 1
CHAPTERI
I:DI
SCUSSI
ON 2
2.
1Ident
it
yofBook 2
2.
2Summar
yofBook 3
2.
2.1Book1 3
2.
2.2Book2 4
2.
2.3Book3 4
CHAPTERI
II
:ASSESSMENT 5
3.
1.1Advant
agesofBook1 3
3.
1.2Advant
agesofBook2 3
3.
1.3Advant
agesofBook3 3
3.
2.1Di
sadvant
agesofBook1 3
3.
2.2Di
sadvant
agesofBook2 3
3.
2.3Di
sadvant
agesofBook3 3
CHAPTERI
V:CLOSI
NG 20
4.
1.Concl
usi
on 3
4.
2.Suggest
ion 3
REFERENCES 21

3|Page
CHAPTERI
:INTRODUCTI
ON

1.
1IssueBackgr
ound

The backgr ound ofwr it

ing t
hispaperi stof ul
fi
llthe tasksgiven bycalcul
us
l
ecturers.Li
mi tareoneoft hefoundat
ionsorf oundati
onsinanalysi
ssot hatmaster
yof
vari
ousconcept sandpr i
ncipl
esoflimi tfuncti
onscanhel pi nsolv
ingapr oblem i
n
everydayl i
fe.A f uncti
oncanbeanal yzedbasedont heideaof​goi
​ ngupordown,
opti
mi zi
ng, andt urni
ngpointsusi
ngthel i
mi tconcept
.Inthefoll
owingsecti
ons,wewill
tr
yt oobser vev ariousrealproblemsandst udyseveralcasesandexampl estof i
nd
deri
vativeconcept s.

Inev ery
daylif
e,weoftenencountertherat
eofchange.Ther
ateofchangeiscl
osel
y
rel
atedt ospeed.I
nthefoll
owingdiscussi
on,itwi
llf
ocusoncompari
sonsbetweentwo
dif
ferentbooksonlimi
tmat er
ial
.

1.
2Obj
ect
ive

1.Descr
ibet
heconceptofal
gebr
aicfuncti
onli
mit
susi
ngr
ealcont
extandappl
ythem
appr
opri
atel
y,sy
stemat
ical
ly,
andcreat
ivel
y.

2.Under
standingthecharact
eri
sti
csoftheli
mitf
unct
ionandsol
vingpr
obl
emswi
th
theseat
tri
butesappropr
iatel
yandresponsi
bly
.

3.Chooseaneff
ecti
vestr
ategyandpresentamathemati
calmodeli
nsolvi
ngreal
probl
emsaboutthel
imit
sofalgebrai
cfuncti
onspreci
sel
y,sy
stemat
ical
ly,
and
creat
ivel
y.

1.
3Benef
it
s

Basedonthebackgr
oundabov
e,t
heobj
ect
ivest
obeachi
evedi
nthi
scr
it
icalbook
repor
tar
e:

1.Todeepenknowl
edgeaboutt
heLi
mit

2.Toaddi
nsi
ghti
ntohowt
ocr
it
ici
zebooks.

3.Tof
indoutwhi
chbooki
sgoodandqual
it
y

4|Page
CHAPTERI
I:DI
SCUSSI
ON

2.
1 I
dent
it
yofBook

A.
BookI

Ti
tl
eofBook :Kal
kul
usUnt
ukPer
gur
uanTi
nggi

TheAut
hor :MhdDaudPi
nem,
S.T.
,M.T.

ThePubl
isher :Rekay
asaSai
ns,
Bandung

Publ
ishedYear :2015

B.BookI
I(Mai
nBook)

Ti
tl
eofBook :Cal
cul
usEar
lyTr
ascendent
al10thEdi
, ti
on

TheAut
hor :Ant
onBi
vensDav
is

5|Page
ThePubl
isher :Laur
ieRosat
one

Publ
ishedYear :2012

C.BookI
II

Ti
tl
eofBook :Kal
kul
usI
ntegr
aldanApl
ikasi
nya

TheAut
hor :Di
ditBudiNugr
oho

ThePubl
isher :Gr
ahaI
lmu,
Yogy
akar
ta

Publ
ishedYear :2012

2.
2Summar
yofBook

A.Book1

Theli
mi tofaf uncti
onf( x)f
orxapproachesacertai
nvaluesuchasc, wr
it
ten
l
im f(
x)=L,whi chmeanst hatifxi
sclosebutdiff
erentf
rom cthenf(x)isclosetoL.
Theli
miti
sv erycloselyrel
atedt oderi
vat
ivebecausetheli
mitresul
tofaf uncti
onf(x)
i
salsoaresultoftheder i
vativ
eoft hef
uncti
onandcanbewr i
tt
enasf oll
ows.

f
’(
x)= =

Theor
em ofLi
mit

 k=k

 k.
f(
x)=k. f
(x)=k.
F

6|Page
  = f
(x) g(
x)F G

 = =F.
G

 = =

 =

 =

 =

Det
ermi
net
heLi
mitVal
uewi
thDi
rectSubst
it
uti
on

Ift
henumberissubst
it
uted,
theli
mitval
ueisobt
ained,
thent
hismet
hodiscal
led
subst
it
uti
on.Howeve,i
fthel
imitr
esul
tsarenott
heothersmet
hodsmustbeused.For

exampl
e: .Theot
herwayi
sbyf
act
ori
ngandmul
ti
ply
ingwi
thpear

number
s

Det
ermi
net
heLi
mitVal
uewi
thFact
ori
sasi

Theai
m oft
hiswayi
stomi
sst
henumbert
hatmaket
hel
imi
tval
uei
sundef
ined.

Det
ermi
net
heLi
mitVal
uewi
thCr
osst
othef
ri
end’
sNumber

I
ngener
al,
weuset
hiswayt
osol
vet
hequest
ioni
nroot
sfor
m

Apl
li
cat
ionoft
heLi
mitTheor
em i
nUndef
ine

I
tsay
sthel
imi
ttheor
em ati
nfi
nit
yiswhenxgoest
oinf
ini
ty .Usual
lyt
hef
orm
ofagi
venpr
obl
em i
sdeeppol
ynomi
alr
ankf
orm(
mul
ti
-rank)f
ract
ionsf
unct
ios.The

f
oll
owi
ngar
ecommonf
orm ofundef
inedl
imi
t:

Tr
igonomet
ryLi
mit

7|Page
Asiswellknownthattr
igonometr
yiscontai
nedi
nitsi
ne,cosi
ne,t
angent,cot
angent
,
secan,
andcosecanf or
msi nthel
imi
ttri
gonomet
ry,t
hefoll
owingl
imitval
ueshave
beendeter
mi nedasequal:

So,t
odetermi
nethetri
gonometr
icval
ueofli
miti
fther
esul
toftheli
miti
snotdef
ined
bychangi
ngtheshapeofthel
imiti
ntoafor
m whi
chcanberesolv
ed.

Asal
readymentionedabove,t
hatt
hel
imitisv
erycl
osel
yrel
atedwi
thaderi
vat
ivet
hat
i
saderivat
iveofafunct
ioncanbeobt
ainedwit
hmethodli
mit
.Ifaf
unct
ionof ,
soi
ngener
ali
tsder
ivat
ivef
orm canbewr
it
tenasf
oll
ows:

Theat
mospher
eofaf
uct
ion

Af
unct
ion i
scal
ledcont
inuousatx=ai
f:

 [
forx=af
unct
ionoff
(x)hast
hev
alue

 L=f
(a)(
val
ueofcondi
ti
on1andcondi
ti
ont
omustbesame)

 Lef
tval
ueofl
imi
t=r
ightv
alueofl
imi
t

Note:I
foneofthecondit
ionabov
eisnotmet
,thent
hef
unct
ionf
(x)sai
dtobe
notcont
inuos(
discont
inuous)
.

B.Book2

Theconceptofa“ l
imit”i
sthefundament albui
ldi
ngblockonwhi chal
lcalcul
us
conceptsarebased.Inthissect
ionwewi l
lstudylimit
sinformall
y,wi
ththegoalof
devel
opingani nt
uit
ivefeelfort
hebasicideas.Inthenextthreesect
ionswewillfocus
oncomput ati
onalmethodsandpr eci
sedefinitions.

Nowt hatwehaveseenhowlimit
sariseinvariousways,
letusfocusonthel
imi
t
conceptitsel
f.Themostbasi
cuseoflimit
sist odescribehowafunct
ionbehav
esas
theindependentvar
iabl
eappr
oachesagi
venvalue.

8|Page
For
exampl
e,l
etusexami
net
hebehav
ior
oft
hef
unct
ion:

ONE-SI
DEDLI
MITS

Thel i
mi ti
n(6)iscalledat wo-sidedli
mitbecauseitr
equiresthev al
uesoff(x)
togetcloserandcl osertoLasv aluesofxaretakenfrom ei
thersideofx=a.Howev er
,
somef unct i
onsexhibitdif
ferentbehaviorsonthetwosidesofanx-v aluea,inwhich
caseitisnecessar ytodisti
nguishwhet herval
uesofxnearaar eont heleftsideoron
theri
ghtsi deofaf orpurposesofi nvesti
gati
ngli
miti
ngbehav i
or.Forexampl e,
consi
dert hef unct
ion

9|Page
Wit
hthehel
pofacal
cul
ati
ngut
il
it
yset
inr
adi
anmode,
weobt
ainTabl
e1.
1.2.Thedat
aint
he
t
ablesuggestthat
:

THERELATI
ONSHI
PBETWEENONE-SI
DEDLI
MITSANDTWO-SI
DEDLI
MITS

10|Page
I
ngeneral
,ther
eisnoguaranteethatafunct
ionfwillhav
eat wo-si
dedli
mitatagi
ven
poi
nta;t
hatis,
theval
uesoff(x)maynotgetcloserandclosert
oanysingl
ereal
numberLasx→a.Inthiscasewesayt hat

f
(x)doesnotexi
st

Simi
lar
ly,
theval
uesoff
(x)maynotgetcl
oserandcl
osert
oasi
ngl
erealnumberL
+ -
asx→a orasx→a.

I
nthesecaseswesayt
hat

f
(x)doesnotexi
st

ort
hat

f
(x)doesnotexi
st

Inorderforthet wo-sidedli
mitofaf unct
ionf(x)t
oexistatapoi nta,t
heval
uesoff(
x)
mustappr oachsomer ealnumberLasxappr oachesa, andthisnumbermustbethe
samer egardlessofwhetherxapproachesaf r
omt hel
eftorther
ight.
Thissuggeststhefol
lowingresul
t,whichwest atewit
houtf ormalproof.

I
NFI
NITELI
MITS

Somet i
mesone-sidedortwo-sidedli
mitsfai
ltoexi
stbecausetheval
uesofthe
funct
ionincr
easeordecr
easewi
thoutbound.For
example,consi
dert
hebehav
ior
off(
x)=
f
orv
aluesofxnear0.I
tisev
identf
rom t
het
abl
eandgr
aphi
nFi
gur
e1.
1.15t
hatas

x-v
aluesar
etakencl
oserandcl
osert
o0f
rom t
her
ight
,thev
aluesoff
(x)
= ar
e
posi
ti
veandi
ncr
easewi
thoutbound;
andasx-v
aluesar
etakencl
oserandcl
osert
o0
f
rom t
hel
eft
,thev
aluesoff
(x)
= ar
enegat
iveanddecr
easewi
thout
bound.

VERTI
CALASYMTOT

11|Page
 C.BookI
II

Li
mitRul
es

I
fL,
M,c,
andkar
erealnumber
s

and ,
then

1.Addi
ti
onRul
e:

Thel
imi
toft
hesum oft
het
wof
unct
ionsi
sthesum ofeachl
imi
t.

2.Deduct
ionRul
e:

Thel
imi
toft
hedi
ff
erencebet
weent
het
wof
unct
ionsi
sthedi
ff
erencef
rom eachl
imi
t.

3.Mul
ti
pli
cat
ionRul
es:

Thel
imi
tofmul
ti
pli
cat
ionoft
wof
unct
ionsi
sthemul
ti
pli
cat
ionoft
her
espect
ivel
imi
t.

4.Rul
eofMul
ti
pli
cat
ionConst
ant
s:

Theli
mi tofaconst
antmul
ti
pli
edbyaf
unct
ioni
saconst
antmul
ti
pli
edbyt
hel
imi
tofa
funct
ion.

12|Page
 5.Di
visi
onRul
es:

Thel
imi
toft
hedi
visi
onoft
wof
unct
ionsi
sthedi
visi
onofeachl
imi
ts.

6.RankRul
es:I
frandsar
enon-zer
onul
lnumber
swhi
chhav
enocommonf
act
or,
then

,
wher
e i
sar
ealnumber
.(I
fsi
sev
en,
theni
tisassumedL>0.
)

Thelimitoft
her
ati
onalr
ankofaf
unct
ioni
sther
ankoft
hef
unct
ionl
imi
t,wher
ethe
resul
tisreal
.

7.I
f i
sapol
ynomi
al,
so

8.I
fP(
x)andQ(
x)ar
epol
ynomi
alsandQ(
c)≠0,
so

CHAPTERI
II
:ASSESSMENT

3.
1.1Advant
agesofBook1

Aft
erreadingthefi
rstbook,wef
indsomeadv antagesofthi
sbook.Thi
sbook
cont
ainsmanyexampl esincl
udetheway st
osolve.Theauthorexpl
aint
hewaysclear
ly
andstepbystep.Therear
emanyf ormulasthatweoftenuse.

3.
1.2Advant
agesofBook2

Aft
erreadi
ngthesecondbook,wefi
ndsomeadvant
agesofthisbook.Thi
sbook
notonl
ycontai
nsexamplesincl
udethewayst
osol
ve,manyexer
cises,butal
sothe
basi
cconceptofthef
ormulawithgr
aphi
cs.

3.
1.3Advant
agesofBook3
Aft
err
eadi
ngthet
hir
dbook,
wefindthef
ormul
awhi
choft
enused.Theauthor
wr
it
est
hesimpl
efor
mulasowecanusethefor
mulat
osol
vet
heprobl
em easi
ly.

13|Page
3.
2.1Di
sadvant
agesofBook1
Af
terreadi
ngt
hefir
stbook,wear
enottooi
nter
estt
oreadt
hebookbecauseof
t
hedi
spl
ay,t
hepaperandwedon’tfi
ndanygr
aphi
c.

3.
2.2Di
sadvant
agesofBook2
Af
terreadi
ngthesecondbook,
wej ustunderst
andthetopi
cfrom t
heexampl
es
andgr
aphicsbecauset
hetheori
esofthi
sbooki slessthant
hefir
stbook.

3.
2.3Di
sadvant
agesofBook3

Af
terreadi
ngt
het
hir
dbook,
wedon’
tfi
ndbasi
cconcept
s,exampl
es,
exer
cises,
andgr
aphics.

CHAPTERI
V:CLOSI
NG
4.
1.Concl
usi
on
So,f
rom t
hreebookst
hatwehaveread,
wedeci
dethatt
hesecondi
sthebest
book.
So,i
nthi
sCBRweuset hesecondbookasamainbook.

Thesecondbookhast hemostadv ant

ages.Theyare,examplesincludethe
wayst
osolve,exercises,butalsothebasicconceptoftheformulawithgraphics.The
f
ir
stbookisbett
ert hant hethir
dbookbecauset hefi
rstbookcontainsmor eexampl es
i
ncl
udetheway stosol ve,andexerciseswhil
ethethir
dbookj ustcontai
nst hesimple
f
ormulawit
houtexampl esandex erci
ses.

Thefir
stbookhasmostex
ampl eswitht
hewaystosolvedt
hananot
herbook.
But
,thesecondbookhasmoreexer
cisesthananot
herbook.

4.
2.Suggest
ion
Af
terwer
eadt
hreebookst
hatwehav
echosenwehav
esuggest
ions.Theyar
e:

 Fort
hef
ir
stbook,
wesuggestt
hatt
hepapershoul
dbechangedt
obebet
ter

14|Page
 paper
.Andalsot
hef
ir
stbook,
act
ual
lymustbei
ncl
udedt
hegr
aphi
cwi
tht
hei
ts
expl
anat
ion.

 Thesecondbook,
wesuggestt
hatt
hebookshoul
dhav
emor
etheor
ies.

 Forthethi
rdbook,wesuggestt
hatthebooknotonlyincludedthesi
mple
for
mul abutal
soincl
udedsomesomeexampl ewiththeway st
osolveandsome
exerci
sestotr
ainthereader
sunder
standi
ngaboutli
mi tconcept.

REFERENCES

Pi
nem,
Mhd.Daud.2015.Kal
kul
usUnt
ukPer
gur
uanTi
nggi
.Bandung:RekayasaSai
ns

Davi
s,Ant
onBi
vens.2012.Kal
kul
usTr
ascendent
alAwal
.Laur
ieRosat
one

Nugr
oho,
Didi
tBudi
.2012.Kal
kul
usI
ntegr
aldanApl
ikasi
nya.Yogyakar
ta:Gr
ahaI
lmu.

15|Page