RHIZOPODA MASTIGOPHORA MASTIGOPHORA MASTIGOPHORA MASTIGOPHORA MASTIGOPHORA

( Entamoeba ( Giardia lamblia ) ( Trichomonas ( Trypanosoma ( Trypanosoma cruzi ) ( Leishmania

histolytica ) vaginalis ) brucei ) donovani )

Geographical Worldwide Worldwide all climates and all Western and central Central and South America, Africa,
Distribution social groups. parts of Africa. Africa China, South Europe,
Europe and India.

mucous and Duodenum and In female it is found connective tissues muscular and reticuloendothelial
Habitats submucous layers of upper part of mainly in vagina and (lymph nodes) nervous tissues system especially
large intestine. intestine. in male it is in Central Nervous and also of spleen, liver, bone
urethia. System reticuloendothelial marrow, intestinal
system. mucosa.

Morphology (a) active ameba (a) Trophozoite only in trophozoitic trypomastigote form trypomastigote form (a) amastigote form
trophozoite (b) Cyst form but in C or U shape also called aflagellar
(b) inactive cyst and form and
(c) intermediate Culture: CPLM Culture: NNN (b) Promastigote
precyst. (cysteine, peptone, medium form also called
liver maltose) flagellar form or
leptomonad form

Culture: NNN (Novy,

MacNeal and Nicolle),
bacto agar biphasic
medium, Schneider’s
medium with 20
percent
calf serum (proved to
be excellent), etc.
 Pathology

Lab Diagnosis

Treatment Metronidazole, Metronidazole, Metronidazole, Suramin and Nitrofurazone is Pentavalent

chloroquine, quinacrine, diiodohydroxyquin, pentamidine are the effective. antimonial drugs, e.g.
tinidazole, dilo- furazolidone lactic acid and drugs of choice. meglumine
xanide furoate, and tinidazole may be vinegar Nitrofurazone, antimonate, sodium
emetine and effective. arsenicals and mala- stiboglucomate.
secnidazole are resopal are also
effective drugs. useful. • Other drugs like
pentamidine,
amphotericin B and
allopurinol are used
as an alternative to
pentavalent
antimonial drugs.

Important Notes