Ras Markaz Crude Oil Park Project (Phase1)

RAS MARKAZ CRUDE OIL PARK PROJECT (PHASE1)
SPECIFICATION FOR OFFSHORE PIPELINES WELDING AND NDT

Doc No: 9686-8210-SP-110-6505 Rev. 03 Doc. Class 2
RAS MARKAZ CRUDE OIL PARK
SPECIFICATION FOR OFFSHORE PIPELINES

WELDING AND NDT
Issued for
03 08 Jun 20 45 Wang Bo Huang Yu Ju Xuanze Mo Juhua
Construction
Issued for
02 13 Mar 20 45 Wang Bo Huang Yu Ju Xuanze Mo Juhua
Construction
Issued for Ramesh
01 15 Sep 19 45 Wang Bo Huang Yu Ju Xuanze
Construction Shanmugam
Issue for Review / Ramesh
A1 26 May 19 45 Xu Zhihui Huang Yu Ju Xuanze
Comments Shanmugam
REV DATE PAGES DESCRIPTION PP CHK APP-1 APP-2
Page 1 of 45
Table of Contents
1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 PURPOSE ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.2 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................... 5
1.2.1 Definitions............................................................................................................................................ 5
1.2.2 Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS .............................................................................................................................. 7
1.4 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION................................................................................................................... 7
1.5 LANGUAGE ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ........................................................................................................................ 8
2.1 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE................................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 PROJECT REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ................................................................................................................... 8
2.3 INTERNATIONAL CODES AND STANDARDS ........................................................................................................ 9
3 SPECIFICATION DEVIATIONS/CONCESSION CONTROLS ...................................................................11
4 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................................................12
4.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................................................. 12
4.2 WPS REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................................................... 12
4.3 WELDING PROCESSES .................................................................................................................................... 14
4.4 WELDING EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................................................... 14
4.5 WELDING CONSUMABLES .............................................................................................................................. 14
4.5.1 Control of Consumables ................................................................................................................... 15
4.5.2 Identification ...................................................................................................................................... 16
4.6 PREHEAT....................................................................................................................................................... 16
4.7 WELDING PROCEDURE TESTS AND PROGRAM ................................................................................................. 16
4.7.1 Test Coupons ..................................................................................................................................... 17
4.7.2 Welding Procedure Qualification .................................................................................................... 17
4.7.3 Essential Variables ............................................................................................................................ 18
4.8 POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT (PWHT) ........................................................................................................ 19
4.9 WELD REPAIR PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS............................................................................. 19
4.9.1 Weld Repairs ...................................................................................................................................... 20
4.9.2 Weld Repair Coupon Testing Requirements ................................................................................... 21
4.9.3 Additional Essential Variables for Weld Repair Qualifications ..................................................... 21
4.9.4 Weld Repair Register ........................................................................................................................ 21
4.10 WELDER AND WELDING OPERATOR QUALIFICATIONS AND IDENTIFICATION ...................................................... 22
4.11 PRODUCTION WELDING REQUIREMENTS......................................................................................................... 22
4.11.1 Preparation ........................................................................................................................................ 23
4.11.2 Fit-Up ................................................................................................................................................. 23
4.11.3 Tack Welds ......................................................................................................................................... 24
4.11.4 Rotation of Welded Longitudinal Seams ........................................................................................ 25
4.11.5 Arc Burn on Pipe ............................................................................................................................... 25
4.11.6 Starts and Stops................................................................................................................................. 25
4.11.7 Weld Cleaning ................................................................................................................................... 26
4.11.8 Weld Monitoring ............................................................................................................................... 26
Page 2 of 45
4.11.9 Weld Repairs ...................................................................................................................................... 26

4.11.10 Removal Methods .......................................................................................................................... 27
4.11.11 Traceability .................................................................................................................................... 27
4.12 INSPECTION AND TESTING TECHNIQUES.......................................................................................................... 28
4.12.1 Automatic Ultrasonic Testing (AUT) ................................................................................................ 28
4.12.2 Radiographic Testing (RT) ................................................................................................................ 30
4.12.3 Manual Ultrasonic Testing ............................................................................................................... 33
4.12.4 Dye Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Inspection ........................................................................... 33
4.12.5 Visual Examination ........................................................................................................................... 33
4.12.6 Acceptance Criteria ........................................................................................................................... 34
4.12.7 NDT PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION ................................................................................................ 35
5 QUALITY ASSURANCE, INSPECTION AND TESTING ...........................................................................36
5.1 QUALITY ASSURANCE .................................................................................................................................... 36
5.2 INSPECTION AND TEST PLAN (ITP) ................................................................................................................. 36
6 HANDLING ................................................................................................................................................38
6.1 MARKING/ LABELLING ................................................................................................................................... 38
6.2 PACKING AND SHIPPING ................................................................................................................................ 38
6.3 PRESERVATION AND STORAGE ....................................................................................................................... 38
7 DOCUMENTATION ...................................................................................................................................39
7.1 INITIAL DOCUMENTATION SUBMITTAL ............................................................................................................ 39
7.2 PRE-PRODUCTION CONSULTATION ................................................................................................................ 40
7.3 GENERAL REPORTING .................................................................................................................................... 40
7.4 ULTRASONIC TESTING REPORTS ..................................................................................................................... 40
7.5 RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING REPORTS.................................................................................................................. 41
7.6 DYE PENETRANT AND MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION REPORTS ................................................................... 42
7.7 EXTERNAL VISUAL INSPECTION REPORTS (FINAL AND INTERMEDIATE) ............................................................... 42
8 SPARE PARTS &SPECIAL TOOLS ............................................................................................................43
8.1 SPARE PARTS ................................................................................................................................................ 43
8.2 SPECIAL TOOLS ............................................................................................................................................. 43
9 WARRANTY ...............................................................................................................................................44
9.1 SUB-CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITY ................................................................................................................ 44
9.2 MECHANICAL GUARANTEE ............................................................................................................................. 44
9.3 GUARANTEED PERFORMANCES....................................................................................................................... 44
10 INSTALLATION, TESTING AND COMMISSIONING ..........................................................................45
Page 3 of 45
REVISION CONTROL SHEET

REV. NO. DATE PAGE NO. DESCRIPTION OF CHANGES
A1 26 May 19 All Pages First Issue
01 15 Sep 19 All Pages Revised as per Company Comments and Final issue
02 13 Mar 20 All Pages Revised as per DNVGL Comments
03 08 Jun 20 All Pages Final Issue
This page records the revision status of this document

NOTES:
Revisions after first issue are denoted as follows:
a) By a vertical line in the right-hand margin against the revised text and,
b) By a triangle symbol for graphics, the revision number being denoted within the symbol.
Revision symbols are positioned adjacent to the revision.
Page 4 of 45
1 GENERAL
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this document is to define the minimum requirements for welding and non-
destructive testing of carbon steel girth welds on the Ras Markaz pipelines. This specification
shall be applied to all offshore pipeline welding activities which fall under DNVGL-ST-F101.
This specification includes welding of carbon steel girth welds for pipelines, rigid spools and
fittings. All welding requirements shall be in line with DNVGL-ST-F101 as primary code and
API STD 1104. The requirements in DNVGL-ST-F101 shall prevail in case of any contradiction.
This specification contains the technical/engineering details and requirements for the
pipeline welding and NDT of the Ras Markaz offshore pipelines. It does not include scope of
work items or reference to terms and conditions of purchase orders/contract as these are
covered in other documentation (data sheets, lists, etc.).
Any deviations from this Project Specification may only be made with the prior written
approval by the Company.
This document shall be read and construed in conjunction with other documents concerning
or affecting Sub-contractor's execution of the Works.
Nothing contained in the document shall be construed as reducing or diminishing any of

Sub-contractor's obligations described else in the Project Documents.
1.2 Definitions and Abbreviations

1.2.1 Definitions
Company : Oman Tank Terminal Company L.L.C. (OTTCO)
Contract : The EPC Contract between Company and EPC Contractor
EPC Contractor : China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering Co., Ltd. (CPP)
IPMT : Company Project Management Team comprising OTTCO and
Consultant personnel.
Purchaser : The organization issuing the purchase order for the supply of the
package/equipment and services
Sub-contractor : Means any person or persons, firms, companies to whom any part
of the work has been subcontracted (directly or indirectly) by EPC
Contractor and the legal successors in title to each of these parties
Shall Indicates Mandatory requirement
Should Indicates that the requirement is strongly recommended to be
adhered to
Third Party : Nominated third party inspection agency
Inspector
Vendor : Means a supplier of Goods and/or Equipment for the Facility
Page 5 of 45
and/or the Works including related documentation and services,

where necessary, in connection with the installation, testing,
commissioning and start up support of any such Goods or
Equipment.
1.2.2 Abbreviations
ASTM : American Society for Testing and Materials
AUT : Automatic Ultrasonic Testing
AYS : Actual Yield Stress
CE : Carbon Equivalent
CS : Carbon Steel
CSWIP : Certification Scheme for Welding and Inspection Personnel
CTOD : Crack Tip Opening Displacement
DWSI : Double Wall Single Image
ECA : Engineering Criticality Assessment
GMAW : Gas Metal Arc Welding
GMAW-P : Gas Metal Arc Welding Pulsed Arc
GTAW : Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
HAZ : Heat Affected Zone
IIW : International Institute of Welding
IQI : Image Quality Indicators
ITT : Invitation to Tender
MT : Magnetic Particle Testing
Nb : Niobium
NDT : Non Destructive Testing
PAMS : Portable Arc Monitoring System
PAUT : Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing
PCN : Personnel Certification in NDT
Page 6 of 45
PT : Penetrant Testing
PWHT : Post Weld Heat Treatment
RT : Radiographic Testing
SAW : Submerged Arc Welding
SENB : Single Edge Notched Bend
SMAW : Shielded Metal Arc Welding
SWSI : Single Wall Single Image
TOFD : Time of Flight Diffraction
TS : Tensile Strength
UT : Ultrasonic Testing
V : Vanadium
VE : Visual Examination
WPQ : Welding Procedure Qualification
WPQR : Welding Procedure Qualification Report
WPS : Welding Procedure Specification
1.3 Units of Measurements

All documents, calculations and drawings shall be carried out using International System of
Units (SI), in accordance with 9686-8820-PR-110-9001 Engineering Design Data (EDD).
1.4 Site Environmental Condition

The site environmental conditions are defined in Engineering Design Data doc. no. 9686-
8820-PR-110-9001. Sub-contractor shall comply with the requirements as defined in
Engineering Design Data.
1.5 Language
All documentation and data provided to EPC Contractor/Company shall be written in English.
Where documents (test certificates, Sub-contractor data etc.) are originally produced in a
non-English language, an English translation must be provided, and the English language
version shall take precedence.
Page 7 of 45
2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
2.1 Order of Precedence

The following list of documents is used in descending order of precedence in establishing
applicable requirements for the project if and when a conflict with a specification arises:
1. Local Laws & Regulations of the Oman
2. National Standards
3. Project Specifications, data sheets, as applicable
4. Industry/ International Codes and Standards
5. Service Authority Standards
The information given in each of the above shall be used, in conjunction with all other above
listed documents.
In the event of an inconsistency, conflict or discrepancy between any of the standards,

specifications and regulation requirements, the most stringent and safest requirement
applicable to the project will prevail to the extent of the inconsistency, conflict or
discrepancy.
In such cases, Sub-contractor shall provide its interpretation in writing of the most stringent
requirement for EPC Contractor/Company approval. In all such cases of conflict, EPC
Contractor/Company‘s decision will be final.
2.2 Project Reference Documents
9686-8210-SP-110-6501 : Specification for Carbon Steel SAWL Line Pipe for Sour Service
- Offshore Pipeline
9686-8210-SP-110-6502 : Specification for Carbon Steel Induction Bends for Sour

Service SAWL Line pipe - Offshore Pipeline
9686-8210-SP-110-6503 : Specification for Subsea Flanges for Sour Service
9686-8210-DS-110-6501 : Datasheet for Offshore Line Pipe (SAWL)
9686-8210-DS-110-6502 : Datasheet for Hot Induction Bend
9686-8210-DS-110-6503 : Datasheet for Subsea Flange
9686-8820-PR-110-9001 : Engineering Design Data
9686-6150-PR-000-0001 : Project Quality Plan
Page 8 of 45
2.3 International Codes and Standards

The industry codes and standards referenced in and/or applicable to this document are
listed below. A reference, in this specification, to these documents, invokes the latest edition
of the code, specification or amendment, unless otherwise specifically stated.
Sub-contractor shall comply with all applicable codes, specifications and standards in
accordance with the present document. Sub-contractor shall strictly comply with all EPC
Contractor/Company’s instructions and guidelines.
Sub-contractor shall comply with EPC Contractor/Company’s standards, specifications and

shall notify EPC Contractor/Company of any conflicts or discrepancies between standards
and shall provide its interpretation in writing of the most stringent requirement for EPC
Contractor/Company approval.
API STD 1104 : Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities
ASTM E1961 : Mechanised Ultrasonic Examination of Girth Welds Using Zonal

Discrimination with Focused Search Units
BS EN 439 : Welding consumables – Shielding gases for arc welding and

cutting
BS EN 50504 : Code of Practice for Validation of Arc Welding Equipment
BS EN ISO 14175 : Welding consumables — Gases and gas mixtures for fusion
welding and allied processes
DNVGL-ST-F101 : Submarine Pipeline Systems, Dec. 2017
DNVGL-RP-F118 : Pipe Girth Weld AUT System Qualification and Project Specific
Procedure Validation
EN 1011-2 : Welding – Recommendations for welding of metallic materials

– Part 2: Arc welding of ferritic steels
EN 1418 : Welding Personnel - Approval Testing of Welding Operators for

Fusion Welding and Resistance Weld Setters for Fully
Mechanized and Automatic Welding of Metallic Materials
ISO 14732 : Welding Personnel – Approval testing of welding operators for

fusion welding and of resistance weld setters for fully
mechanised and automatic welding of metallic materials
ISO 9606-1 : Approval Testing of Welders - Fusion Welding - Part 1: Steels
ISO 9712 : Non-destructive Testing – Qualification and certification of

Personnel
Page 9 of 45
ISO 17636-1 : Non-destructive Testing of Welds – Radiographic Testing of

Fusion-welded Joints
NACE MR0175/ISO : Petroleum and natural gas industries – Materials for use in H2S
15156-2 containing environments
Page 10 of 45
3 SPECIFICATION DEVIATIONS/CONCESSION CONTROLS
Deviations from this specification are only acceptable where the Sub-contractor has listed in
their quotation the requirements they cannot, nor does not wish to comply with, and the
EPC Contractor/Company has accepted in writing the deviations before the order is placed.
This deviation list shall be prepared by Sub-contractor with technical explanations and shall
be included in Sub-contractor’s proposal. In the absence of a list of deviations, it will be
assumed that the Sub-contractor complies fully with this specification.
All EPC Contractor/Company approved deviations shall be included in Purchase Requisition

prepared by EPC Contractor and issued to Sub-contractor.
Any technical deviations to the Contract and its attachments including, but not limited to the
EPC Contractor/Company Requirements shall be sought by Sub-contractor only through
Concession Request format. Concession requests require the EPC Contractor/Company's
review/approval, prior to the proposed technical changes being implemented. Technical
changes implemented prior to EPC Contractor/Company's approval are subject to rejection.
EPC Contractor/Company is not liable for any Cost and Schedule impact due to deviations or
alternatives other than those stated in the deviation list and /or approved in writing by EPC
Contractor/Company.
Page 11 of 45
4 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 General Requirements

Pipeline welding shall be in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101, API STD 1104 and any
supplementary requirements of this specification for the offshore scope of work.
Sub-contractor shall develop a detailed welding matrix, which clearly indicates all of the
WPSs and WPQRs that will be required for all pipeline girth welds and all weld repairs
necessary to complete the entire scope of work. This welding matrix shall include the
application of each procedure. For all welding, a weld map shall accompany the matrix,
showing which procedures will be used on which joints. An inspection and test plan shall
also identify all hold, witness, monitor and review points.
For offshore lay barge welding of the mainline welds, Sub-contractor shall use mechanised
GMAW welding equipment or SAW welding equipment for double joints. Non-mainline
welding shall be welded using GTAW/SMAW manual welding equipment. Any alternative
welding processes shall be agreed by EPC Contractor/Company.
Sub-contractor shall present to EPC Contractor/Company for review and approval, its HSE
Management Plan for the execution of pipeline welding and NDT. The HSE Management
Plan shall ensure that all areas of welding and NDT activities are addressed in consideration
of personnel health and safety, protection of the environment and to avoid damage to
materials, equipment and existing facilities.
Welding, cutting, NDT and associated operations shall be undertaken in a safe manner and
with due regard to individual health and safety and the minimisation of environmental
impact.
Welding, cutting, NDT activities, and associated operations shall feature in operational safety
planning and in the safety audit schedule.
During welding operations, adequate ventilation shall be provided and the quality of
breathing air shall be controlled at all times during the performance of welding and NDT
Pipeline Materials.
Base materials to be used shall be in compliance with project specifications listed in Section
2.2. Reference shall be made to the line pipe data sheets to determine the grade of material
and minimum design temperatures, etc.
4.2 WPS Requirements

All WPSs prepared by Sub-contractor shall comply with the requirements of DNVGL-ST-F101,
Appendix C, Section C.4.5.
Prior to welding procedure qualification, Sub-contractor shall submit preliminary WPSs to

EPC Contractor/Company for review and approval at least 30 days before the start of
qualification testing.
Page 12 of 45
Following preliminary acceptance of each welding procedure, qualification tests shall be

carried out to demonstrate that sound welds, with the required corrosion resistance and
mechanical properties, can be made using these procedures whilst simulating offshore
conditions. Five successive welds with no rejectable defects are to be run to the satisfaction
of EPC Contractor/Company.
All welding procedures revised in accordance with the actual performance during the
qualification tests, and the qualification test data, shall be recorded in a 'Welding Procedure
Qualification Records' document and submitted to EPC Contractor/Company for approval.
After qualification, all WPSs shall be submitted, with supporting WPQR documents and
qualification test results, to EPC Contractor/Company for review and approval prior to the
start of any production welding.
The resubmitted WPSs shall reflect revised essential variables as measured from WPQRs with
all appropriate tolerances.
Production welding shall not commence until the main firing line equipment has been
successfully proven to operate in accordance with the approved welding procedures.
Sub-contractor shall submit a proposal for EPC Contractor/Company approval on how it

intends to carry out these confirmatory welds.
One of the test welds, as decided by EPC Contractor/Company, shall be subjected to limit
mechanical testing. The extent of mechanical testing is to be agreed between EPC
Contractor/Company and Sub-contractor, but should include as a minimum bends and
macros.
The detailed WPSs shall include all the information required in DNVGL-ST-F101, API STD
1104 plus the following information as applicable:
 Details of pulse current when used (peak current and time, background current
and time).
 Details of oscillation for mechanised GMAW or GTAW (width of oscillation,
frequency and dwell time).
 Tungsten electrode type and size (when GTAW is applied).
 Details of back purge gas composition and flow rate (where applicable).
 Methods of inter-run cleaning and final surface cleaning.
 Brand designation, factory of origin.
 Steel grade and supply condition.
 Number and location of welders.
 Time lapse between start of root pass and start of second (hot) pass.
 Type of line-up clamp or tack welding.
 Preheating procedure.
 Extent of welding required before removal of line-up clamp or other line-up
device.
Page 13 of 45
 Part of weld to be completed before joint is permitted to cool to ambient

temperature.
 Method for control of cooling.
 Part of weld to be completed before lowering off, i.e. from side boom to pipe
support, or barge move-up.
 Action required for partially completed welds.
 A sketch of the joint design/configuration and dimensions.
 Weld run sequence.
 Voltage range.
 Travel speed range.
 Arc energy.
4.3 Welding Processes

The following welding processes shall be acceptable for use under this specification:
 SMAW - for flange and spool welds

 SAW
 Mechanised GMAW-P
 GTAW.
SAW may only be used in the 1G position.
For Tie-ins and repair welding, the following restrictions apply:
 SMAW and GTAW are approved processes.

 Welding without filler material additions is prohibited.
Sub-contractor shall propose the welding process, or combination of processes, for review
and acceptance by EPC Contractor/Company. Welding and NDT trials shall be undertaken
and completed successfully by Sub-contractor prior to the proposed process being
approved for qualification testing.
Other proposed welding processes shall be submitted to EPC Contractor/Company for

review and approval, and shall be supported by suitable documentation supporting their
successful application to pipeline welding.
4.4 Welding Equipment

Requirements for welding equipment shall meet the requirements stated in DNVGL-ST-F101,
Appendix C, Section C.2.
4.5 Welding Consumables

All consumables shall conform to DNVGL-ST-F101 Appendix C, Section C.3, and this
specification. Consumable certificates shall comply with EN 10204, type 3.1. The consumable
certificates shall be examined to verify that the same weld properties can be expected for
the production welds as those obtained during weld procedure testing.
Page 14 of 45
The use of cellulosic electrodes shall be prohibited for offshore pipeline sections in
accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101, Appendix C, Section C.3. In accordance with DNVGL-ST-
F101, Section C.2, low hydrogen welding consumables shall be used and shall give a
diffusible hydrogen content of maximum 5 ml/100 g weld metal.
The welding consumables shall be selected to achieve an overmatched girth weld compared
to the actual yield strength of the line pipe supplied. This shall include hot tensile testing at
the maximum pipeline design temperature as indicated on the project line pipe data sheets.
Batch testing of all consumables used for girth welds shall be conducted in accordance with
DNVGL-ST-F101, Appendix C, Section C.3. Testing shall be conducted on samples from each
WPS to be used in production. Impact testing shall be performed at the minimum test
temperature specified on the relevant pipeline material data sheet.
Shielding and backing gas shall comply with requirements of ISO 14175. A plan shall be
submitted for random testing. All bottles and containers shall be properly marked in
accordance with a recognised standard.
4.5.1 Control of Consumables

Sub-contractor shall prepare a written procedure for the control of welding consumables
that details receipt, storage, distribution, recycling, and disposal of all consumables, and shall
be approved by EPC Contractor/Company prior to the start of fabrication. All consumables
shall be handled, conditioned and treated in accordance with manufacturers’
recommendations.
Sub-contractor shall have heated areas for flux, wire and electrode storage and shall keep
them at the required temperature according to the manufacturers' recommendations.
SMAW shall use vacuum packed low-hydrogen electrodes. Electrodes shall be packed,
stored and used in accordance with manufacturers' recommendations. Unused open packets
of electrodes shall be discarded at the end of the day or an 8 hour period.
Maximum % of SAW recycled flux shall be qualified during WPQR, crushed slag shall not be
used. Fused flux shall not be recycled.
Heated hoppers shall be used at all times for recycling to maintain the flux at 5°C above dew
point, combined with magnetic sieves to remove all molten slag and Fe particles. The
traceability of flux to a manufacturer’s batch shall be maintained until it is consumed.
Sub-contractor shall submit an inspection procedure to be used to confirm the % of flux

recycled during WPQR and during production. Ratio shall be 2 parts fresh flux to 1 part
recycled unless otherwise agreed.
Unused or partially used spools shall be returned to a warm holding facility at the end of the
day. All spools of wire shall be dated, packaged and stored in accordance with a procedure
that prevents moisture pick-up.
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Reconditioning of moisture contaminated SMAW electrodes and SAW flux shall not be
permitted. All contaminated consumables shall be permanently discarded.
4.5.2 Identification
All welding consumables shall carry an identification mark and be identifiable up until the
time of use.
If the identification mark is illegible or destroyed, the consumables shall be discarded and
replaced with properly identified electrodes. Manual-type electrodes shall have a
distinguishing mark.
Wire spools for automatic welding shall be tagged with the electrode identification at all
times and stored in cabinets with the supplied wrappers intact. Partially used spools shall be
properly identified and packaged before being returned to their storage cabinets.
Rusty or unidentified consumables shall not be used and shall be discarded.
4.6 Preheat
In accordance with the requirements of DNVGL-ST-F101, Appendix C, Section C.4, Sub-
contractor shall submit, for review and approval by EPC Contractor/Company, the procedure
and equipment used for applying and checking preheat during qualification testing. The
same procedure shall be used for production welding.
Sub-contractor may utilise propane torches for preheating during WPQ to represent most
onerous scenario with respect to homogeneous heating. PQT shall be performed for
induction coil heating to confirm that required temperature levels and profiles can be
attained.
The qualified preheat and interpass temperatures shall be sufficient to prevent weld cracking
during qualification and production welding and result in hardness complying with DNVGL-
ST-F101 Section 7.9.1.8.
The weld area shall be heated to the minimum preheat temperature specified in the WPS.
Preheating shall also be performed whenever moisture is present or may condense in the
weld area and/or when the ambient temperature or material temperature is below 5°C.
Welding below 20°C should not be performed.
When pre-heating is applied prior to welding, including tack welding, the pre-heating
temperature shall be measured at a distance of minimum 75 mm from the edges of the
groove at the opposite side of the heating source when practically possible. If this is not
possible, the adequacy of the performed measurement shall be demonstrated.
4.7 Welding Procedure Tests and Program

All WPSs shall be qualified in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101, Appendix C and this
specification. The use of previously qualified welding procedures is explicitly prohibited.
Page 16 of 45
Sub-contractor shall prepare a program for the qualification of all WPSs, which shall be
submitted to EPC Contractor/Company for review and approval prior to the work. Sub-
contractor shall notify EPC Contractor/Company a minimum of four weeks prior to starting
WPQ testing. EPC Contractor/Company shall witness and approve all WPQ testing unless
otherwise approved.
The methods of measuring the welding parameters and the records to be kept shall be
agreed with the EPC Contractor/Company Welding Engineer.
A minimum of six test joints shall be made and subjected to the same NDT tests as for
manual welding. Two shall be subjected to mechanical testing, one for repair qualification,
one for AUT qualification and two to be held by EPC Contractor/Company for future use.
The measurement of welding parameters during the welding procedure qualification tests
shall be performed. An automatic data logger, such as a PAMS unit, shall be used to monitor
welding parameters (the PAMS unit is to be fitted with an HF filter). Measurement
equipment shall be proposed to EPC Contractor/Company for approval. All measuring
instruments employed during qualification testing shall be calibrated. Calibration records,
including expiry dates, shall be available for inspection by EPC Contractor/Company.
Fillet welding procedures qualifications (if required) shall be in accordance with DNVGL-ST-
F101, Appendix C, Section C.5, supported by a butt welding procedure qualification with
macros and hardness tests.
If line pipe is sourced from more than one pipe mill, WPQRs shall be performed with
combinations of pipe from each mill.
4.7.1 Test Coupons

All test coupons shall be obtained from project 'free-issue' pipe.
The pipe configuration used for weld procedure qualifications shall represent the system
used offshore and be defined in the procedures provided for EPC Contractor/Company
approval.
4.7.2 Welding Procedure Qualification

The WPQ shall be carried out with the same equipment (bevelling, internal clamps, power
source and welding bug) as that to be used during production welding and within a
simulated production operating environment. All equipment shall be calibrated in
accordance with BS EN 50504 and an EPC Contractor/Company approved calibration
procedure.
Software for mechanised welding during production shall be the same version as that used
for qualification welding.
WPQ trials shall qualify maximum/minimum heat input, maximum allowable hi-lo
misalignment and the max/min root gap that can be tolerated for each WPS.
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Each WPQ test shall be inspected by the same NDT process that will be used in production,
and shall meet all acceptance criteria established for production girth welds and repairs. All
mechanical testing shall comply with DNVGL-ST-F101 and this specification.
Corrosion test where required for initial and repair welds including HIC and SSC shall comply
with B.3 of DNVGL-ST-F101.
Destructive testing shall be performed by an independent testing laboratory approved by

EPC Contractor/Company. Care shall be taken in removing mechanical test samples to
ensure the test results are not affected, e.g. by machining or grinding of any distorted, cold
worked or heat affected areas.
In addition to the above, the following requirements shall be met:
 CTOD testing shall be required for an ECA, otherwise workmanship criteria shall apply.
CTOD testing of line pipe and repair welding procedure qualifications shall be
required as per the acceptable criteria of 0.15mm obtained with SENB test specimens.
All results, regardless of validity, shall be reported.
Should a WPQR test fail to meet the minimum requirements of NDT and mechanical testing,
it shall be regarded as not complying with this specification. The cause of failure shall be
established and the WPS revised as appropriate for acceptance by EPC Contractor/Company
before the WPQR is repeated.
4.7.3 Essential Variables

Essential variables shall be in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101, API STD 1104, Appendix C
Table C-2 and the following additional essential variables:
 For the main firing line girth welds, any change in pipe diameter from that
qualified.
 Any change in heat input from that qualified on the WPQ (i.e. ≥ ± 10%).
 An increase in the maximum qualified interpass temperature.
 Any reduction in the number of runs, or the percentage of root pass, completed
prior to removal of the external line up clamp.
 A change in length of secondary welding cables greater than ±10%
 A change in wire brand name
 A change in electrode spacing of -25 mm/+50 mm for multi-torch mechanised
GMAW
 A change in more than ±10% of the specified angle of the arc to the pipe tangent.
 A change in the welding current, voltage and welding speed outside the minimum
and maximum qualified, with the exception of manual welds which shall have no
change in qualified overall heat input. This shall include the peak pulse current,
background pulse current or the pulse frequency.
 Accelerated cooling when maximum interpass temperature ≥ 100 °C.
 A change of more than 5% of wall thickness.
Page 18 of 45
 For fittings, a separate welding procedure qualification to the line pipe shall be
run on an item with a carbon equivalent (IIW) in the upper quartile from each
Sub-contractor/manufacturer, i.e. source is an essential variable.
 Any change in maximum misalignment and fit-up gap for semi-automatic welding
processes from that qualified.
The qualified welding procedure remains valid as the essential variables are kept within the
limits specified above. If any essential parameter is changed outside the limits given in
DNVGL-ST-F101 Appendix C Table C-2 and specified above, the welding procedure re-
qualification shall be performed unless approved by EPC Contractor/Company.
4.8 Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)

Welds shall be subjected to PWHT as specified in the WPS.
Post weld heat treatment shall be performed for welded joints of C-Mn and low alloy steel
having a nominal wall thickness above 50 mm, unless fracture toughness testing shows
acceptable values in the as welded condition. In cases where the minimum design
temperature is less than -10°C, the thickness limit shall be specially determined.
PWHT shall be performed by means of electric resistance heating mats or other methods as
agreed or specified. The PWHT shall cover a band over the entire length of the weld. The
band shall be centred on the weld and the width of the heated band shall not be less than 5
times the thickness of the thicker component in the assembly.
Temperatures should be measured by thermocouples in effective contact with the material

and at a number of locations to monitor that the whole length of the weld is heated within
the specified temperature range. In addition temperature measurements shall be made to
confirm that undesired temperature gradients do not occur.
Insulation shall be provided if necessary to ensure that the temperature of the weld and the
HAZ is not less than the temperature specified in the WPS. The width of the insulation shall
be sufficient to ensure that the material temperature at the edge of the insulation is less
than 300°C.
The rate of heating for C-Mn steels above 300°C shall not exceed 5500/(t·°C) per hour and
the rate of cooling while above 300°C shall not exceed 6875/(t·°C) per hour with t expressed
in mm. During heating and cooling at temperatures above 300°C the temperature variation
shall not exceed 35°C in any weld length of 1000 mm.
The holding time at temperature should be minimum 30 minutes +2.5 minutes per mm
thickness. Below 300°C the cooling may take place in still air.
The holding temperature for C-Mn steels should be within 580°C to 620°C unless otherwise
specified or recommended by the material/welding consumable supplier.
The heat treatment temperature cycle charts shall be available for verification if requested.
4.9 Weld Repair Procedure Qualification Requirements

The repair welding procedure specifications shall meet the requirements of Section 4.2 of
this specification, and shall contain the following additional information:
Page 19 of 45
 Method for removal of defects

 Final preparation and method for inspection of the excavated area
 The minimum and maximum length of the section to be repaired
 Any limitation with regards to locations where the procedure can be used
 Maximum root opening in case of through thickness repair
 Sketch of excavation area showing position to original weld.
Weld repair WPSs shall be qualified in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101, Appendix C and
this specification. These repairs shall cover Full thickness, Partial thickness penetration
repairs/re-repairs and Cap repairs. Permitted weld repairs shall be as per Section 4.9.1.
A weld repair qualification test shall be performed on each WPS that will have weld repairs
performed on it during production.
Single pass repair welds are not permitted with the exception of Cap repairs where fully
qualified in accordance with this specification.
The minimum length of a weld repair shall be 50 mm in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101,

Appendix C.
Weld repairs performed from the inside shall not be acceptable.
Partial penetration re-repairs shall be qualified as per DNVGL-ST-F101, Appendix C, but shall
only be permitted by EPC Contractor/Company barge representative on a case by case
scenario upon understanding why the first attempt failed.
Arc air gouging shall be followed up with grinding to remove all affected metal using an EPC
Contractor/Company approved procedure. All welding operators shall have passed an EPC
Contractor/Company approved qualification test.
4.9.1 Weld Repairs

Weld repairs after the last tensioner shall not be permitted.
The following types of weld repairs shall be permitted per weld in accordance with DNVGL-
ST-F101, SectionC.7:
 Through thickness repair

 Partial thickness
 In-process root repair
 Single pass cap repair
The following types of weld repairs shall be permitted per weld if agreed in advance by EPC
Contractor/Company in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101, Section C.7:
 Single pass root sealing repair

 Through thickness repeated repair
 Partial thickness repair
Page 20 of 45
The repair qualification weld shall be subject to RT, MT and UT followed by mechanical tests.
The extent of NDT and shall be as for the production welding procedure qualification.
Defects shall not be repaired in any part of the weld without prior APPROVAL by EPC
Contractor/Company. Repairs may be witnessed by EPC Contractor/Company, and the
relevant NDE records shall be made available to EPC Contractor/Company.
4.9.2 Weld Repair Coupon Testing Requirements

The through thickness and partial thickness repair WPQ test coupon shall include all
mechanical testing in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101, Appendix C, and CTODs for full
thickness repair.
The external repair of undercut with two stringer bead (temper bead technique) test coupon
shall include:
 Visual examination
 Magnetic particle testing
 Hardness traverse of the stringer passes and HAZ within both parent and weld
materials (as per NACE MR0175/ISO 15156).
 Face bend test
4.9.3 Additional Essential Variables for Weld Repair Qualifications

In addition to the normal essential variables that apply to pipeline welding procedures, the
following essential variables for weld repair shall apply:
 An increase in the number of excavation and re-welds (maximum of two)

 The minimum number of passes on any surface weld repair
 The minimum arc gouging preheat temperature
 The minimum weld repair, preheat temperature.
4.9.4 Weld Repair Register

A full record of all repairs shall be maintained by Sub-contractor. The record shall be made
as each defect is discovered, and shall include the following:
 The weld number

 The type and size of the defect
 The circumferential location (defined to an approved system)
 An estimate of the depth (assessed by ultrasonic test where possible)
 Sub-contractor shall have a tracking system in place able to track welders who are
consistently producing non-compliant welds
 Repair welding procedure number
 Name and/or number of the repair welder
 Copy of the inspection report for the repair
 Date/time of repair.
Page 21 of 45
4.10 Welder and Welding Operator Qualifications and Identification

Each welder/welding operator shall be qualified to ISO 9606-1. Sub-contractor shall maintain
a permanent record of all welders used, showing welder’s name, identifying mark,
qualification record, date of last certificate and testing laboratory. Copies of this record shall
be available to EPC Contractor/Company on request. A nominated authorized welding
coordinator in accordance with ISO 14731 shall be present at the location at which the
welding will be performed in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101, Appendix C.
Welder qualification tests shall be carried out on full diameter project line pipe.
For welder qualifications using a welding process prone to lack of sidewall fusion such as
GMAW, bend tests shall be required as per DNVGL-ST-F101 Appendix C.
If the welder qualification test fails, one further welder qualification test shall be allowed if it
is decided that test failure was not the fault of the welder. Otherwise the welder shall be
considered not qualified for that particular type and position of weld. If agreed with EPC
Contractor/Company, the welder may be permitted a retest following participation in an
appropriate and documented training course. The training course documentation shall be
included in the retest results.
All welders shall be qualified prior to production welding starting. No welders shall be
qualified on first production welds.
4.11 Production Welding Requirements

Workmanship requirements shall comply with API STD 1104, DNVGL-ST-F101 and this
specification.
All welding shall be performed in accordance with a qualified and EPC Contractor/Company
approved WPS.
All welding shall be performed by qualified welders and welding operators with welding
equipment that has been calibrated prior to and during production welding.
Sub-contractor shall maintain a system of calibration for all equipment, compliant to BS EN

50504.
Independent means shall be provided by Sub-contractor for the accurate monitoring of all
welding parameters, including current, voltage, welding speed, thermal input, preheat
temperatures, interpass temperatures, wire feed speed, gas flow rates and gas composition
as appropriate.
Current and voltage shall be measured using a printable hard copy system such as PAMS or
an EPC Contractor/Company agreed alternative shall be used. Calibrated gauges for
measuring the weld repair excavations shall also be maintained.
Minimum distance between girth welds shall be one pipe diameter. If AUT is used as the
NDT method of inspection, the minimum distance shall be adjusted so that the welds do not
interfere with the AUT scanning.
Page 22 of 45
The maximum interpass temperature shall be that qualified during WPQ.
EPC Contractor/Company reserves the right to require the re-qualification of welders or

welding operators if their repair rates during production are considered to be excessive
(>3%) by EPC Contractor/Company or if there is any reason to question the performance of
welding.
4.11.1 Preparation
All pipe internals shall be checked and cleaned of debris prior to fit-up.
Protection from wind and weather, to achieve sound welds, shall be provided.
Pipes may be cut-out or cut-back and re-bevelled provided the requirements of this
specification are met. A manual UT lamination check is to be performed on the new pipe end.
The primary means of bevel preparation shall be mechanical. For weld cut-outs done with
oxy-fuel cutting, bevels shall be cleaned by grinding and/or power brushing as required to
produce a smooth, bright metal finish prior to mechanical re-bevelling.
All weld bevels shall be cleaned prior to joint fit-up and preheat. Where necessary, any
surface contamination shall be removed by an EPC Contractor/Company approved solvent.
Any deviation from the WPS, (e.g. fit-up, weld preps, inadequate preheat) shall be rectified
before welding commences.
Replacement of material, or other remedial procedures, shall be approved by EPC

Contractor/Company on a case by case basis.
4.11.2 Fit-Up
Weld fit-up and alignment procedures shall be submitted for EPC Contractor/Company
approval. Weld joint fit-up shall comply with the tolerances of DNVGL-ST-F101 and that
qualified by WPQR, for all locations around the internal diameter.
Where the fit-up of a groove weld joint results in root openings or misalignment that exceed
those specified in the WPS, the fit-up shall be corrected to bring the opening to within the
dimensions allowed by the WPS prior to the commencement of welding.
Sub-contractor shall provide equipment and a procedure for verifying that the approved fit-
up tolerances are achieved.
Internal clamps capable of maintaining the required fit-up tolerances shall be used wherever
possible.
The clamps shall be held in position, maintaining fit-up for the entire root pass and hot pass
deposition. Sub-contractor may propose removal of clamps on completion of root pass
where calculations can be provided for EPC Contractor/Company approval to confirm this is
acceptable. Copper shoes shall be inspected frequently (every third weld) for pitting of
surface. Where degradation has occurred they shall be changed out.
Page 23 of 45
The alignment of the abutting ends shall be made as to minimise the radial offset. Any
misalignment shall be reduced to a minimum by rotation of the pipes. Internal offset caused
by internal variation shall be equally distributed around the circumference. The welding
procedure shall be qualified to comply with the maximum offset given by the specified pipe
end tolerances and proven in the WPQR.
4.11.3 Tack Welds

Tack welding shall be limited to 2G welding position in bridge welding for welded joints
where external clamps cannot be used. The bridging piece shall be inserted to an elevation 5
mm below pipe OD surface and the bridge piece fillet welded to each bevel. Bridging pieces
shall be manufactured from the same pipe parent material and their use qualified during
WPQ.
Fillet welds shall not encroach on the weld bevel intersection point and the pipe OD (i.e. melt
away bevel edge). All bridging pieces shall be 50 mm in length minimum and fillet welded
for 50 mm minimum in length on each weld bevel. Bridging tacks shall be removed as the
root pass is made by careful grinding of the fillet welds to maintain bevel angle, surface
profile and smoothness. All tack welds shall be made by qualified welders in accordance with
a qualified and approved welding procedure specification.
Tack welds (if used) shall be deposited by qualified welders using low hydrogen welding in
accordance with an approved welding specification. If preheat is specified, it shall be applied
before tack welding and be effective over a distance equal to three times the wall thickness
or 75 mm (3 in) whichever is the greater and shall be maintained until the joint is complete.
Alignment by tacking for fabrication welds e.g. for pipe to flange joints, shall be subject to
the approval of EPC Contractor/Company. The following shall apply when tacking is used:
a) The joints to be tacked shall be adequately supported.
b) The tack welding shall be undertaken by welders qualified in accordance with this
Specification.
c) The preheat level required for the main WPS shall be applied for tacking and shall not
be less than 50°C (122°F).
d) The preferred method is bullet tacking. The bullets shall be made from compatible Line
pipe material and shall be removed as the welding progresses.
A bullet tack is made by welding a small piece of material into the weld bevel.
If root tack welds are to be incorporated into the final weld, they shall be at least 25
mm (1 in) long and shall be thoroughly cleaned of slag and taper ground at each end to
ensure complete root continuity.
e) A minimum of four tacks shall be used for diameters greater than 100 mm (4 in). More
tacks may be required for diameters greater than 300 mm (12 in).
f) Welding shall be confined to the weld preparation.

Page 24 of 45
g) Tacks shall be removed by grinding as root welding progresses around the butt.
h) Tacking shall be incorporated in the WPQT if it is to be used in production.
4.11.4 Rotation of Welded Longitudinal Seams

Successive longitudinal seam welds in the pipe shall be rotated to the right or left by not less
than 100 mm to one another in order to avoid aligning long seams on adjacent joints.
The longitudinal seam welds in pipe shall be located on the upper surface of the pipeline,
within 45°of either side of the vertical.
4.11.5 Arc Burn on Pipe

Precautions shall be taken during welding to ensure that no electrical arc burns occur
between the welding machine ground lead and the pipe and fittings.
All arc burns on the pipe, on the finished weld, or outside the weld bevel shall be removed
by cutting out the cylindrical section of the pipe that contains the arc burn or meet the
requirements as below.
Weld repair of arc burns shall not be allowed.
At the discretion of EPC Contractor/Company, arc burns may be eliminated in accordance

with a Sub-contractor developed Arc Burn Inspection/Removal procedure. This procedure
shall be submitted to EPC Contractor/Company for review and approval prior to use.
The Arc Burn Inspection/Removal procedure shall include the following:
• Method of determining the wall thickness of the pipe in the area of the arc burn
• Method of grinding/filing the arc burn from the body of the pipe
• Method of inspecting the area to ensure the arc burn HAZ has been removed (i.e.
ammonium persulfate or nital solution etch)
• NDT method of inspection of the area for evidence of cracks
• Method of confirming the remaining wall thickness after grinding/filing
In the event that the remaining wall thickness is less than the project specific minimum wall
thickness, the affected pipe section shall be cut out.
4.11.6 Starts and Stops

Weld starts and stops shall be staggered such that adjacent or subsequent weld passes do
not coincide with one another.
All starts and stops in the root pass where necessary shall be ground to a smooth taper prior
to depositing the next weld bead.
Page 25 of 45
The hot pass shall be deposited no later than the time delay between the root and hot pass
qualified on the WPS or 30 minutes, whichever is shorter. The minimum specified preheat
shall be maintained during delays.
If a non-acceptable defect (i.e. crater cracks, etc.) at ends of the welds (stop points) occurs
when SAW process is applied, remedial actions shall be taken for removal of such defects
from weld surface (ID and OD).
4.11.7 Weld Cleaning

Upon completion of each welding pass, the weld shall be visually examined and cleaned, as
required, to remove scale, oxides, dirt, slag, silicates and any other material detrimental to
weld quality, before starting the next pass.
Weld cleaning may be accomplished using power wire brush or grinder, or with hand tools.
Power tools shall be used if specified in the WPS.
After completion of the joint, the weld and the adjacent area shall be cleaned for spatter.
4.11.8 Weld Monitoring

Sub-contractor shall supply a proposal for monitoring of automatic, semi-automatic and
manual welding equipment. The proposal shall indicate how Sub-contractor shall allow easy
access for an EPC Contractor/Company representative to monitor welding parameters
during production welding on a spot check scenario using both data logger systems and
manual equipment.
Semi-automatic welding equipment (including each GMAW weld bug) shall be set-up with
automatic alarm gates identifying when the welding parameters are outside the qualified
range or fixed max/min ranges within that qualified by WPQR. The alarm/range parameters
shall be fixed so that they cannot be altered by welder operators and will be checked prior to
and during production welding (this shall include spare bugs). In addition, a summary of
monitored welding parameters shall be provided to EPC Contractor/Company welding
engineer or representative for review of all welding processes. Any weld outside the WPS
limits shall be cut-out.
4.11.9 Weld Repairs

Weld repairs shall be performed based upon a written Sub-contractor procedure, which has
been reviewed and approved by EPC Contractor/Company.
Welds containing longitudinal or transverse cracks shall not be repaired and shall be cut-out
for further examination.
The weld repair procedure shall include, but not be limited to, all details regarding the defect
removal, the preparation of the groove, the NDT to be performed, the welding process, and
the welding consumables.
Weld toe repair shall involve complete removal of the defect and shall be witnessed by EPC
Contractor/Company.
Page 26 of 45
No more than two weld repairs shall be made to the same location on a weld joint.
If repairs are not successful after two attempts, the entire weld shall be cut out as a cylinder
and re-welded, or alternatively, cut through the weld and all HAZ material removed through
re-bevelling or other EPC Contractor/Company approved means. The extent of HAZ is to be
determined through WPQ.
If the sum total lengths of the sections to be weld repaired, compared to the total weld
length, exceeds 30% for partial penetration and 20% for full penetration weld repair, the
entire weld shall be cut out as a cylinder and re-welded.
Sub-contractor shall submit calculations, for EPC Contractor/Company acceptance, that show
the maximum depth/length of excavation which can be safely accommodated, taking into
account the defect size and all possible stresses.
Repair locations shall be inspected by MT to confirm complete removal of the defect,

following which the completed weld repair shall be inspected 100 % using the methods
prescribed for the original weld.
4.11.10 Removal Methods

The removal of weld metal or portions of base metal may be accomplished by the following
methods to an EPC Contractor/Company approved procedure:
 Machining
 Grinding
 Arc-air gouging followed by grinding
Oxy-fuel gouging shall not be permitted for removal of weld metal or base metal.
The defect shall be completely removed and the resulting cavity prepared to the dimensions
specified on the repair procedure prior to welding. The cavity shall be ground to remove arc-
air-gouging residue. In the case of planar defects, the cavity shall be inspected using MT to
verify complete removal of the defect.
4.11.11 Traceability
A weld numbering system shall be established and approved by EPC Contractor/Company
before production welding commences. Each weld shall be clearly identified with a unique
number string. Sub-contractor is to propose a numbering and marking system for EPC
Contractor/Company approval. The following information for all welds (including repairs)
shall be traceable to its position within the pipeline:
 Line pipe number

 Welding procedure number
 Weld metal consumable batch number
 Weld number I.D.
 Welder I.D. number
 Arc strike repairs.
Page 27 of 45
4.12 Inspection and Testing Techniques

All visual inspection and non-destructive testing shall meet the requirements of this
specification. The primary method for non-destructive testing of pipeline girth-welds for
both onshore and offshore shall be AUT where welds are made using automatic or semi-
automatic processes, unless otherwise approved by EPC Contractor/Company.
For situations where this is not practical, and by agreement with EPC Contractor/Company,
NDT shall be performed using one of the other methods described in this document.
Sub-contractor shall engage an AUT provider with previous successful experience in AUT on
a production basis with carbon steel line pipe girth welds. This shall involve qualification
trials on project material and qualified welding procedures.
The extent of NDT shall be in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101 Section 10.
Ultrasonic examination is also required for (if applicable):
a) Field cut-back of weld bevels for a length of at least 100mm minimum from bevelled
ends.
b) A zone of 100mm wide around planned cut-outs for nozzles, branches etc.
Rigid spools shall be subject to the following NDT:
 100% visual
 100% MPI
 100% RT or UT. If manual UT, shall be supplemented with an approved ToFD
system
4.12.1 Automatic Ultrasonic Testing (AUT)

AUT shall be performed in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101 Appendix E and ASTM E1961
with the following amendments.
The system shall utilise pulse-echo and/or pitch-catch focused transducers with zoned
inspections and Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) techniques or phased array. If these
systems are not practical then their non-practicality is to be clearly demonstrated by Sub-
contractor.
Alternative systems may be approved subject to successful demonstration of system ability

to disclose appropriately sized and orientated discontinuities. TOFD shall not be used on its
own for the sizing of flaws. Procedures shall be developed by Level III certified personnel
using proven industry experience on which to base their proposed programme, i.e. PAUT
may be used for nozzles and fillet welds (if any).
The system must demonstrate the ability to detect and accurately size the length and vertical
height of indications with a resolution compatible with the applicable acceptance criteria.
Page 28 of 45
System qualification shall be in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101, Appendix E with

documented capability to size all potential defects with an accuracy of ± 1.0 mm or better
for flaw height depending on ECA criteria. Length sizing shall be accurate to
± 3 mm or better depending on ECA criteria. This accuracy shall be based on the mean plus
two standard deviations.
Acceptable documented capability shall consist of comparison AUT defined defect lengths
and heights compared to macro-sectioning of the defects. Maximum worst case over or
under sizing of the completed data set shall be clearly identified. The system shall be
designed with sufficient beam overlap to assure 100% coverage of the weld and shall include
a fully automated recording system to indicate the location of imperfections and the
effectiveness of the acoustic coupling. Creep waves shall be used.
4.12.1.1 Procedure Qualification/Validation

The effectiveness of the AUT procedure shall be demonstrated by a qualification programme
in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101, Appendix E and the following requirements:
 A minimum of three test welds shall be produced with intentionally introduced

(seed) defects for each pipe diameter and mainline welding procedure proposed.
These welds shall be produced by the installation Sub-contractor using the same
welding equipment and procedures for production pipeline welding. In addition,
two welds shall be produced without defects for the production of calibration
plates with simulated defects.
 Defective test welds shall be accurately measured and the location of the defects,
as determined by AUT, confirmed by sectioning of the welds. Defect location shall
include lack of fusion within the girth to longitudinal weld seam area.
A map clearly detailing the type location (depth/circumference) shall be submitted for EPC
Contractor/Company review and approval.
4.12.1.2 Seed Defect and Sectioning

The laboratory completing the sectioning and verification shall be approved by EPC
Contractor/Company prior to commencing the programme.
The assigned laboratory shall complete an immersion scan of each test piece to accurately
map the defect locations to facilitate sectioning. The laboratory shall have a suitably
experienced and qualified AUT technician (subject to EPC Contractor/Company approval)
assigned to this work.
As per DNVGL-ST-F101, Appendix E, an AUT validation report shall be submitted for EPC
Contractor/Company approval.
The sectioned pieces and any un-sectioned material shall be retained as reference for future
field testing comparison. Upon completion the samples shall be boxed and shipped to a
location designated by EPC Contractor/Company.
Page 29 of 45
4.12.1.3 Calibration
Calibration shall be carried out on a uniquely identified reference standard (calibration block),
in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101, Appendix E, manufactured from a sample of unflawed
project-specific line pipe representing the pipe being tested. The pipe used for the reference
standard shall be traceable to the material manufacturer, and be of the same material grade
and nominal dimensions as the pipe being tested.
The dimensions of the reference standard (calibration block) shall be clearly specified in the
procedure and the size, location, orientation, form, method of manufacture and
manufacturing tolerances of each of the reference reflectors shall be detailed.
If pipe is supplied from multiple sources, the acoustic velocity in the longitudinal and
transverse directions shall be determined for each Vendor. If the acoustic velocities deviate
by more than 5% from that determined for the reference standard, additional reference
standards shall be made. The procedure shall be suitable for correcting for changes in pipe
wall thickness within the line pipe specifications and line pipe data sheets.
Dynamic calibration shall be carried out under production conditions and in accordance with
the following:
 Where the temperature difference between the reference standard surface, probe
wedge material and examination surface causes shifts in the refracted angle which
results in the system not being able to provide the required zone discrimination, a
means of regulating the temperature of the reference standard or probe wedge
material, or both, shall be employed.
 The rotational speed of the test unit shall be the same as for production testing.
 The same couplant medium and couplant delivery system shall be used.
Calibration shall be carried out in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101, Appendix E.
Additional calibrations will be required if the initial calibration scan demonstrates sensitivity
outside tolerances specified in the procedure, e.g. wedge temperature compensation.
4.12.1.4 Spares
A sparing register shall be developed and made available to EPC Contractor/Company’s
request.
There shall be at least two scanners onboard the pipelay vessel per firing line, one being the
mainline scanner and one being a backup and configured as per the mainline scanner.
If double jointing facilities are being used, the same philosophy for mainline scanners shall
be used.
4.12.2 Radiographic Testing (RT)

Radiography shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of DNVGL-ST-F101
and ISO 17636-1 and the additional requirements below. RT shall only be used where AUT
has been agreed with EPC Contractor/Company as not practical.
Page 30 of 45
RT shall be performed by X-ray unless specifically approved by EPC Contractor/Company.
Qualification of RT procedures and consumables shall be made on the welding procedure

qualification weld(s) or welds made in accordance with the approved WPS, unless otherwise
agreed by EPC Contractor/Company. The full circumference of each test weld shall be
radiographed.
4.12.2.1 Radiographic Procedures

The radiographic procedure shall contain, as a minimum, the information required by
DNVGL-ST-F101, Appendix D, as appropriate and the following:
 Radiation equipment details

 Film trade name and type
 Type of intensifying screens
 Film overlap
 Film density in weld area
 Max temperature of the joint to be inspected
 Backscatter detection
 Handling routine for film processing
 Dosimeter equipment
 Film sensitivity
4.12.2.2 Procedure Qualification

The proposed radiographic procedures shall be qualified using the approved mainline
welding procedure or welder qualification test joints. The positioning of the RT equipment
shall be within 5°of the radial centrelines of the weld.
The qualification radiograph(s) shall contain all necessary information for identification as
described herein. The radiograph(s) shall be identified as qualification radiograph(s) with the
applicable radiographic procedure number.
The qualification radiographs shall be kept available for reference throughout the
production period and supplied to EPC Contractor/Company at the end of the project.
4.12.2.3 Radiographic Technique

The single wall single image (SWSI) technique with RT source inside the pipe and film
outside the pipe, shall be employed for mainline welding and double jointing lines. When
this is not possible (welding of end caps etc.), the double wall single image (DWSI) technique
shall be used with the source on the outside of the pipe.
4.12.2.4 Image Quality Indicator

For the panoramic single wall single image (SWSI) technique, four IQIs equally spaced
around the circumference shall be applied for production NDT.
Page 31 of 45
For the double wall single image (DWSI) technique, an IQI shall be placed at one end of the
diagnostic film length for production NDT. The IQIs shall be located with the thinnest of the
wires furthest away from the diagnostic film centre. Sensitivity shall be 1.6% or better.
4.12.2.5 Film Identification

Letter or symbols shall be affixed to each section of the weld or area being radiographed.
The images of these shall appear in the radiograph to ensure unequivocal identification of
the section.
The radiographed area shall be marked and identified in such a way that repeated testing is
possible, and traceability assured during lifetime of the product.
No marking is allowed to interfere with the interpretation of weld or heat affected zone.
As a minimum the radiograph shall contain the following information:
 Project, project number and pipeline identification.

 Weld number. Weld numbering system shall be approved by EPC
Contractor/Company.
 Type of radiograph (shot reference sheet number/position).
 Date.
 Repair weld.
 Replacement weld.
 Re-shoot of radiograph.
A lead tape with centimetre divisions shall be placed alongside and parallel to the weld so
that the distance of any defect can be read off on the film from the zero datum. The zero
datum shall be on top of the pipe. For pipelay, the divisions shall run clockwise in ascending
order viewed in the direction of the stern of the vessel. For spool piece welds the divisions
shall run clockwise in ascending order viewed in the direction of the flow of the medium.
4.12.2.6 Radiographic Film, Screens and Processing

A change in film brand name within the same classification shall require re-qualification of
the radiographic procedure. A change in the type and thickness of intensifying screens shall
also require re-qualification. Fluorescent screens shall not be used. Film sensitivity shall be 1%
or better.
The film length shall be sufficient to allow a minimum of 40 mm overlap at each end of the
film.
Processing shall include a drying stage and all radiographs shall be viewed dry.
The film shall be processed in conformance with ISO 17636-1 and in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations and the approved radiographic procedure. The
radiographs shall be free from defects, which would interfere with interpretation. Density
shall be between 2.0 and 3.0.
Page 32 of 45
Thiosulphate test shall be taken at the end of each shift unless agreed otherwise. If the
thiosulphate tests fail then the films developed during the shift shall be refixed. The storage
life of the films shall be for a minimum of 20 years without deterioration.
4.12.2.7 Film Storage

The radiographs relevant to each joint including those of rejected welds, repair and reshoots
shall be stored sequentially in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101, Appendix D with reference
to the sections of the pipe route and the sequential numbering of the welds.
Copies of information given on the joints shall be stored in the boxes. At the end of the work,
after the successful results of the hydrostatic pressure test, the films shall be delivered to EPC
Contractor/Company.
4.12.3 Manual Ultrasonic Testing

Manual UT may be proposed for lamination scans for pipe ends, verification of AUT results
and repair welds. Sub-contractor shall submit detailed UT procedures to EPC
Contractor/Company for approval prior to commencement of the work. Manual UT shall not
be used for production welding. The Operator shall have completed a performance
qualification test.
Where manual UT of repairs to welds with AUT found defects is carried out, AUT shall be
repeated prior to manual prove up.
The UT procedures shall as a minimum contain the information required by DNVGL-ST-F101,

Appendix D and supplemented by an approved TOFD system.
4.12.4 Dye Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Inspection

For pipe end cut backs, excavations arc strikes and surface defects found by visual inspection
PT and/or MT shall be performed in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101 Appendix D.
Procedures, including the method for determining adequate flux levels in the test area, shall
be qualified.
The examined area shall be marked or identified in such a way that re-examination is
possible.
Procedures shall be submitted for EPC Contractor/Company approval.
4.12.5 Visual Examination

Visual examination shall conform to the requirements of DNVGL-ST-F101, Appendix D.
All welds shall be visually inspected and results recorded at final external inspection on weld
completion.
Page 33 of 45
4.12.6 Acceptance Criteria

Acceptance limits to be as per workmanship standards in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101,
Appendix D and Appendix E, where applicable, and the following:
 Cracks are not acceptable regardless of length and amplitude.

 Copper inclusions within a weld are not permitted. Copper pick-up on surface of
root weld from copper backing shoes shall be proven by Sub-contractor to be
acceptable by supporting evidence from Sub-contractor.
 Linear elongated discontinuities with spacing less than the length of the longest
indication shall be evaluated as one continuous discontinuity.
When the extent of porosity or slag inclusions masks the detection of other discontinuities
or imperfections, supplementary RT or UT is required.
For offshore installation where EPC Contractor/Company has approved an ECA approach or
where required by DNVGL-ST-F101 due to strain levels for a specific scope, Sub-contractor
shall make a proposal inline with DNVGL-ST-F101, Appendix A with acceptance criteria to be
used for EPC Contractor/Company approval.
In no circumstances shall surface breaking defects be accepted on the external surface

(extrados) of the weld.
Sub-contractor shall develop procedures for ensuring the above criteria is met. Procedures
shall be submitted to EPC Contractor/Company for approval.
4.12.6.1 Ultrasonics
Where AUT is used, the criteria shall be corrected for 'uncertainty' in height sizing based on
the addition of a delta, where delta = (the mean of the differences) + 2 x standard deviation
of the difference between AUT height and macro determined true height as determined in
the qualification programme.
4.12.6.2 Radiography
All welding defects shall be judged according to the acceptance limits given in DNVGL-ST-
F101, Appendix D.
X-ray source shall be used. Gamma-ray shall only be used with direct approval from EPC
Contractor/Company on a case by case scenario.
4.12.6.3 Visual, Dye Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Inspection

The weld shall be judged and meet the acceptance criteria according to DNVGL-ST-F101,
Table D-4.
The weld reinforcement shall be without sharp transitions and have a smooth transition to
the base material, without sharp edges.
Page 34 of 45
The weld reinforcement shall not be in any position below the base material surface. For tie-
in welds where access permits, dye penetrant inspection shall be carried out on the internal
weld root.
4.12.7 NDT PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION

All NDT operators shall be qualified in accordance with the requirements of an EPC
Contractor/Company approved ISO 9712 certification scheme to Level II or III as appropriate
and DNVGL-ST-F101 Appendix D.
Operator certificates shall be submitted for EPC Contractor/Company review and approval
prior to mobilisation.
EPC Contractor/Company reserves the right to require a performance demonstration test

from all UT technicians. Technicians who are to perform shear wave/TOFD and manual UT
examination of welds shall pass an EPC Contractor/Company approved performance
demonstration test arranged by Sub-contractor prior to the examination of any production
welds.
If manual UT is used for repairs then UT operators must hold a critical flaw size qualification.
NDT sub-contractors shall employ as a minimum, one level III certified NDT engineer who
will develop all NDT procedures, oversee the validation of AUT procedures, qualification of
all NDT technicians and general qualification of all other conventional NDT procedures.
4.12.7.1 Visual Examination Qualification

Personnel performing visual examination (VE) shall be certified to an acceptable welding
inspection qualification (CSWIP, PCN or EPC Contractor/Company approved equivalent) or a
Level II certification in VE under an EPC Contractor/Company approved ISO 9712 Scheme.
4.12.7.2 Welding Personnel

All personnel involved in welding related tasks shall have adequate qualifications to a level
that reflects the tasks and responsibilities. Sub-contractor shall employ a fully qualified
welding engineer and welding inspectors.
Welding operators that perform automatic welding shall be qualified according to EN 1418
or ISO 14732. Welders performing temporary welds, tack welds, manual, partly mechanized
and mechanised welding shall be qualified to ISO 9606-1 or other recognised standard
approved by EPC Contractor/Company.
Page 35 of 45
5 QUALITY ASSURANCE, INSPECTION AND TESTING
5.1 Quality Assurance

Sub-contractor shall comply with all Sub-contractor QA/QC requirements that form part of
the EPC Contractor’s requisition. Sub-contractor shall demonstrate that they operate a
quality system in accordance with an internationally recognized standard. The effectiveness
of the quality system and the Sub-contractor's compliance with it shall be subject to
monitoring by EPC Contractor/Company and in addition, may be audited following an
agreed period of notice.
Sub-contractor shall submit a quality control program for EPC Contractor/Company review
at the time of Tender. Sub-contractor shall provide facilities for and cooperate with EPC
Contractor/Company and statutory authority inspectors during manufacturing, assembly and
testing.
Third Party design verification may be required. Where this is required it shall be performed
at the Sub-contractor’s cost by an organisation nominated by the EPC Contractor/Company
and identified in the Material Requisition.
5.2 Inspection and Test Plan (ITP)

Sub-contractor shall be responsible for the planning and execution of all inspections and
tests, however the EPC Contractor’s/Company’s representative shall have the right to witness
any or all manufacturing activities, inspections or tests.
Sub-contractor shall submit an Inspection and Test Plan (ITP) for EPC Contractor/Company
review and mark-up following purchase order placement. The ITP shall list all inspections
and tests proposed for the equipment/materials by the Sub-contractor, between the date of
ordering and the date of delivery.
EPC Contractor/Company and Sub-contractor shall sign off the final version of the ITP, which,
thereafter, shall form part of the contract documents.
EPC Contractor shall be responsible for co-ordinating inspection visits.
Sub-contractor shall:
• Submit a comprehensive Inspection and Test Plan (ITP) for the complete scope of
supply with the quotation. The proposed ITP and testing procedures shall be reviewed
and approved by EPC Contractor/Company.
• Ensure all inspection and testing equipment to be used has current in date approved
calibration certificates.
• Ensure all inspection and test personnel are suitably qualified to operate and perform
necessary tests that shall be performed in accordance with approved ITP & testing
procedures.
In addition, the level and frequency of inspection visits shall as a minimum comply with the
requirements included in the commercial tender documents.
Page 36 of 45
EPC Contractor/Company representatives reserve the right to attend all witness and Hold
points at Sub-contractor’s works. EPC Contractor/Company representatives reserve the right
to attend pre-inspection meetings, design reviews and engineering co-ordination meetings
at Sub-contractor’s works.
Inspection by the EPC Contractor/Company shall not relieve the Sub-contractor of any
guarantees, responsibilities or obligations to furnish equipment/materials to this
specification and the appropriate datasheets as listed in the Material Requisition.
Page 37 of 45
6 HANDLING
6.1 Marking/ Labelling

N/A
6.2 Packing and Shipping

N/A
6.3 Preservation and Storage

N/A
Page 38 of 45
7 DOCUMENTATION
Sub-contractor shall comply with the Sub-contractor documentation requirements

associated with the applicable exhibits included in the contract.
As a minimum, the following documentation is required.
7.1 Initial Documentation Submittal

The following final versions of documents shall be provided to EPC Contractor/Company for
review prior to the commencement of welding.
 Welder/ Operator Qualification

 NDT qualification matrix
 NDT equipment list (including spares)
 AUT procedure
 AUT Qualification/Validation proposal
 AUT qualification plan for sizing accuracy and determination
 AUT calibration procedure
 AUT calibration block drawings
 Weld Procedure Specification (WPS)
 Welding repair process
 Method of controlling welding consumables
 Calibration procedure
 Method of clean surface contamination
 Removal of defective weld procedure
 Manual UT procedure
 Manual TOFD procedure
 X-ray procedure including film processing procedure
 X-ray safety procedures
 Magnetic particle inspection procedure
 Dye penetrant inspection procedure
 Visual examination procedure
 List of NDT personnel qualification certificates
 Agreed ECA/workmanship defect acceptance criteria (as required)
The following qualification reports shall be provided to EPC Contractor/Company for review
following completion of qualification.
 AUT qualification report

 Manual UT qualification report
 X-ray qualification report
 Weld Procedure Qualification Report (WPQR)
Page 39 of 45
 Inspection and test plan for welding procedure qualification

 Any clarifications or interpretations of the specifications
 Track record of the use of these processes
The bid proposal shall also list the principal spares that will be available in order to maintain
equipment serviceability for the duration of the pipelay. It shall be stated if a manual welding
procedure is to be qualified for production or repair welding
7.2 Pre-production Consultation

Pre-production meetings shall be held with EPC Contractor/Company and any appropriate
third-party inspection personnel in order to ensure that all parties fully understand the
requirements. These meetings shall be held before welding procedure qualification testing
and before commencement of fabrication.
7.3 General Reporting

The following minimum information shall be presented to EPC Contractor/Company at the
start of each shift.
 A copy of generated NDT reports from last shift

 A copy of weld inspection reports
 A copy of production monitoring sheets (welding parameter recordings)
 A copy field joint inspection reports
 A copy of the pipe tracking reports
 Status of welds produced including last shift.
Prior to presentation, Sub-contractor shall check and verify compliance between the
recorded data and the applicable procedures and specification.
One copy of the report shall be transmitted to EPC Contractor/Company.
In addition a defect summary sheet shall be produced for each defective weld and presented
to EPC Contractor/Company inspector immediately after completion. A summary sheet is to
be provided by Sub-contractor for EPC Contractor/Company approval prior to use.
7.4 Ultrasonic Testing Reports

The UT report shall contain the information needed for reproducibility of the examination
performed. If not already clearly stated in the procedures or records, the report shall include
the following information.
 Contract number
 Procedure number and revision
 Weld identification and location number
 Personnel identifier, signature and qualification level
 Ultrasonic examination system (equipment)
Page 40 of 45
 Pipe, size, frequency and if possible identification number of the search units
 Calibration block identification
 Couplant
 Surface from which examination is conducted
 Surface condition
 Description and location (with sketch where appropriate) of all reportable
indications and action taken
 Time/date of testing
 Results of examination.
In addition to the above, a full electronic copy of any AUT records shall be provided to EPC
Contractor/Company together with supporting software to allow review of the AUT scans.
7.5 Radiographic Testing Reports

The RT report shall include the following information; however, it is not necessary to repeat
information, which is already clearly stated in procedures or records.
 Contract number
 Weld identification and location number
 Personnel identity and qualification level/certification
 Radiographic examination system (equipment and films)
 Material thickness
 IQI position (source side or film side)
 IQI sensitivity
 Density
 Film classification
 Film object distance
 Exposure time
 Description and location (with sketch where appropriate) of not acceptable
discontinuities
 Time/date of examination.
Sub-contractor shall interpret radiographs and advise the acceptance or rejection of the
same before passing to EPC Contractor/Company’s interpreter.
Reports shall be prepared by the end of every shift and submitted daily to EPC
Contractor/Company. The report shall be prepared in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101 and
shall be drawn up indicating whether the weld examined was:
Acceptable = A
Repaired = R (indicate type and dimensions of defects)
Cut-out = C
Page 41 of 45
Re-shot = RS
7.6 Dye Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Inspection Reports

Operators shall report all surface defects detected. The report shall show the number of
repairs made.
If not already clearly stated in the procedures and records, the report shall include the
following information:
 Contract number
 Weld or area identification and location number
 Personnel identity and level
 Surface on which examination was conducted
 Surface condition
 Description and location (with sketch where appropriate) of unacceptable
indications
 Date of testing.
7.7 External Visual Inspection Reports (Final and Intermediate)

The date of examination, the VE procedure used and the results shall be certified by Sub-
contractor. The illuminators, instruments, equipment, tools, etc. shall be identified in the
report to the extent that they or their equivalents can be obtained for future examination.
This may be accomplished by referencing the VE procedure number. Documentation shall
include all observation and dimensional checks specified herein.
Page 42 of 45
8 SPARE PARTS &SPECIAL TOOLS
8.1 Spare Parts

N/A
8.2 Special Tools

N/A
Page 43 of 45
9 WARRANTY
9.1 Sub-contractor Responsibility

Sub-contractor shall be responsible for all aspect of the work performed by Sub-contractor
and his Sub-contractor covered by assigned Order; this shall include, but not limited to,
responsibility for management and design development, quality, costs and scheduled
performance.
Sub-contractor shall carry out any work not specified in the assigned Order, which is
necessary for the completion of the work; this shall include all integrating and interfacing of
facilities and service provided under the assigned contract of the Package.
EPC Contractor/Company may audit the Sub-contractor performance, during all stage of the
Project, to ensure compliance with the requirements of the Order.
Approval of documents and technical solutions by EPC Contractor/Company shall in no way

relieve Sub-contractor of his overall responsibilities and obligation for the work under the
Order.
Any variations that occur for a complete and safe operability of the Package during detailed
engineering in the supply phase shall be at Sub-contractor responsibility and cost.
9.2 Mechanical Guarantee

N/A
9.3 Guaranteed Performances

Sub-contractor shall guarantee the performances specified in specifications & datasheets.
Inspections shall be conducted by EPC Contractor/Company’s QA/QC and Inspectors.
Page 44 of 45
10 INSTALLATION, TESTING AND COMMISSIONING
N/A
Page 45 of 45

Ras Markaz Crude Oil Park Project (Phase1)

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RAS MARKAZ CRUDE OIL PARK PROJECT (PHASE1)

SPECIFICATION FOR OFFSHORE PIPELINES WELDING AND NDT

RAS MARKAZ CRUDE OIL PARK

SPECIFICATION FOR OFFSHORE PIPELINES

REV DATE PAGES DESCRIPTION PP CHK APP-1 APP-2

4.11.9 Weld Repairs ...................................................................................................................................... 26

REVISION CONTROL SHEET

This page records the revision status of this document

Nothing contained in the document shall be construed as reducing or diminishing any of

1.2 Definitions and Abbreviations

and/or the Works including related documentation and services,

AUT : Automatic Ultrasonic Testing

AYS : Actual Yield Stress

CSWIP : Certification Scheme for Welding and Inspection Personnel

CTOD : Crack Tip Opening Displacement

DWSI : Double Wall Single Image

ECA : Engineering Criticality Assessment

GMAW : Gas Metal Arc Welding

GMAW-P : Gas Metal Arc Welding Pulsed Arc

GTAW : Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

HAZ : Heat Affected Zone

IIW : International Institute of Welding

IQI : Image Quality Indicators

ITT : Invitation to Tender

MT : Magnetic Particle Testing

NDT : Non Destructive Testing

PAMS : Portable Arc Monitoring System

PAUT : Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing

PCN : Personnel Certification in NDT

PWHT : Post Weld Heat Treatment

SAW : Submerged Arc Welding

SENB : Single Edge Notched Bend

SMAW : Shielded Metal Arc Welding

SWSI : Single Wall Single Image

TOFD : Time of Flight Diffraction

WPQ : Welding Procedure Qualification

WPQR : Welding Procedure Qualification Report

WPS : Welding Procedure Specification

1.3 Units of Measurements

1.4 Site Environmental Condition

2.1 Order of Precedence

1. Local Laws & Regulations of the Oman

3. Project Specifications, data sheets, as applicable

4. Industry/ International Codes and Standards

5. Service Authority Standards

In the event of an inconsistency, conflict or discrepancy between any of the standards,

2.2 Project Reference Documents

9686-8210-SP-110-6502 : Specification for Carbon Steel Induction Bends for Sour

9686-8210-SP-110-6503 : Specification for Subsea Flanges for Sour Service

9686-8210-DS-110-6501 : Datasheet for Offshore Line Pipe (SAWL)

9686-8210-DS-110-6502 : Datasheet for Hot Induction Bend

9686-8210-DS-110-6503 : Datasheet for Subsea Flange

9686-8820-PR-110-9001 : Engineering Design Data

9686-6150-PR-000-0001 : Project Quality Plan

2.3 International Codes and Standards

Sub-contractor shall comply with EPC Contractor/Company’s standards, specifications and

API STD 1104 : Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities

ASTM E1961 : Mechanised Ultrasonic Examination of Girth Welds Using Zonal

BS EN 439 : Welding consumables – Shielding gases for arc welding and

BS EN 50504 : Code of Practice for Validation of Arc Welding Equipment

DNVGL-ST-F101 : Submarine Pipeline Systems, Dec. 2017

EN 1011-2 : Welding – Recommendations for welding of metallic materials

EN 1418 : Welding Personnel - Approval Testing of Welding Operators for