Facts at Your Fingertips-200807-Vacuum Processing PDF

Vacuum
Pumps
Department Editor: Kate Torzewski
V
acuum is any system of reduced FIGURE 1.-JRVJE3JOH1VNQ FIGURE 2.3PUBSZ$MBX1VNQ FIGURE 3.
pressure, relative to local 3PUBSZ
(typically atmospheric) pressure. -PCF
Achieved with a pump, vacuum 1VNQ
systems are commonly used to:
Source: Kurt
t3FNPWFFYDFTTBJSBOE J. Lesker Co.
its constituents
t3FNPWFFYDFTTSFBDUBOUTPS FIGURE 4. 3PUBSZ4DSFX1VNQ
unwanted byproducts
t3FEVDFUIFCPJMJOHQPJOU
t%SZTPMVUFNBUFSJBM
t$SFBUFBQSFTTVSFEJGGFSFOUJBMGPS
JOJUJBUJOHUSBOTQPSUPGNBUFSJBM
-JRVJESJOHBOEESZQVNQTPGGFSUIF
NPTUBEWBOUBHFTGPSUIFDIFNJDBM
QSPDFTTJOEVTUSJFT $1*
#PUIPG
Source: Medical Gas Info Source: Gardner Denver Source: Kurt J. Lesker Co.
UIFTFQVNQUZQFTIBWFCFBSJOHT
Hanover, Inc.
TFBMFEPGGGSPNUIFQVNQJOHDIBN-
ber and do not require any internal UPXBSEUIFEJTDIBSHFTJEFPGUIF void space between the rotors and Rotary Screw. 5XPMPOHIFMJDBM
lubrication because the rotors do pump, the pockets decrease in QVNQIPVTJOH0OUIFOFYUSPUBUJPO rotors in parallel rotate in opposite
OPUDPOUBDUUIFIPVTJOH#PUI XIFO TJ[F BOEUIFFWBDVBUFEHBTJTDPN- UIBUTBNFUSBQQFETBNQMFPGHBTJT EJSFDUJPOTXJUIPVUUPVDIJOH TZO-
FNQMPZJOHBDPPMBOUTZTUFN QSFWFOU QSFTTFE FOBCMJOHJUTEJTDIBSHF DPNQSFTTFEBOEEJTDIBSHFEBTUIF DISPOJ[FECZIFMJDBMUJNJOHHFBST
UIFDPPMBOUGSPNDPOUBDUJOHUIFQSP- 5IFSJOHPGMJRVJEOPUPOMZBDUTBT EJTDIBSHFQPSUPQFOT 'JHVSF
(BTnPXNPWFTBYJBMMZ
DFTTnVJEBOEDBVTJOHDPOUBNJOB- a seal; it also absorbs the heat of "NJOJNVNPGUISFFTUBHFTJO BMPOHUIFTDSFXXJUIPVUBOZJOUFSOBM
tion, and both use mechanical shaft compression, friction and condensa- series is required to achieve pres- compression from suction to dis-
seals for containment. UJPO1PQVMBSMJRVJEDIPJDFTJODMVEF sures comparable to those of an DIBSHF1PDLFUTPGHBTBSFUSBQQFE
XBUFS FUIZMFOFHMZDPM NJOFSBMPJM oil-sealed mechanical pump. Some within the convolutions of the rotors
BOEPSHBOJDTPMWFOUT ESZEFTJHOTVTFUXPUFDIOPMPHJFTJO BOEUIFDBTJOH BOEUSBOTQPSUFEUP
LIQUID-RING PUMPS DPNCJOBUJPOGPSFYBNQMF BSPUBSMZ UIFEJTDIBSHF$PNQSFTTJPOPDDVST
DRY PUMPS lobe as a booster for a claw pump. BUUIFEJTDIBSHFQPSU XIFSFUIF
*OUIFDZMJOESJDBMCPEZPGUIFQVNQ USBQQFEHBTNVTUCFEJTDIBSHFE
BTFBMBOUnVJEVOEFSDFOUSJGVHBM 3PUBSZDMBX SPUBSZMPCFBOE Rotary Lobe. The rotary-lobe pump
BHBJOTUBUNPTQIFSJDQSFTTVSF&BDI
GPSDFGPSNTBSJOHBHBJOTUUIFJOTJEF rotary-screw pumps dominate as 'JHVSF
JTUZQJDBMMZVTFEBTBNF-
convolution of the rotor acts similarly
PGUIFDBTJOH 'JHVSF
ESZQVNQTJOUIF$1* QBSUJDVMBSMZJO DIBOJDBMCPPTUFSPQFSBUJOHJOTFSJFT
UPBTUBHFJOTFSJFTXJUIUIFPOFCF-
The source of that force is a MBSHFSTJ[FQVNQBQQMJDBUJPOT with an oil-sealed piston or vane
IJOEJUBUMFBTUUISFFDPOWPMVUFEHBT
multi-bladed impeller whose shaft Rotary Claw. 5IFHFPNFUSJDTIBQF QVNQUPCPPTUQVNQJOHDBQBDJUZBU
pockets in the rotor are required to
is mounted so as to be eccentric to PGUIJTQVNQBMMPXTGPSBHSFBUFS low pressures. achieve acceptable vacuum levels.
UIFSJOHPGMJRVJE#FDBVTFPGUIJT compression ratio to be taken This pump consists of two sym-
eccentricity, the pockets bounded BDSPTTUIFSPUPSTBUIJHIFSQSFTTVSFT metrical two-lobe rotors mounted on
by adjacent impeller blades (also 'JHVSF
5XPDMBXSPUPSTSPUBUF separate shafts in parallel, which References
DBMMFECVDLFUT
BOEUIFSJOHJODSFBTF in opposite directions of rotation rotate in opposite directions to each 7
JMCFSU 1 .FDIBOJDBM1VNQTGPS
7BDVVN1SPDFTTJOH Chem. Eng.
in size on the inlet side of the pump, XJUIPVUUPVDIJOH VTJOHUJNJOHHFBST PUIFSBUIJHITQFFET5JNJOHHFBST
0DUPCFS QQo
BOEUIFSFTVMUJOHTVDUJPODPOUJOVBMMZ UPTZODISPOJ[FUIFSPUBUJPO5IFHBT are used to synchronize the rotation "
MJBTTP + $IPPTFUIF3JHIU
ESBXTHBTPVUPGUIFWFTTFMCFJOH FOUFSTUISPVHIBOJOMFUQPSUBGUFSJU of the lobes to provide constant 7BDVVN1VNQ Chem. Eng..BSDI
evacuated. As the blades rotate has been uncovered and ﬁlls the clearance between the two. QQo
Advantages Disadvantages
t4JNQMFSEFTJHOFNQMPZTPOMZPOFSPUBUJOHBTTFNCMZ t.JYJOHPGUIFFWBDVBUFEHBTXJUI
Liquid-Ring Vacuum Pumps
t$BOCFGBCSJDBUFEGSPNBOZDBTUBCMFNFUBM UIFTFBMJOHnVJE
t.JOJNBMOPJTFBOEWJCSBUJPO t3JTLPGDBWJUBUJPOSFRVJSFTBQPSUJPO
t-JUUMFJODSFBTFJOUIFUFNQFSBUVSFPGUIFEJTDIBSHFEHBT PGQSPDFTTMPBEUPCFOPODPOEFOT-
t/PEBNBHFGSPNMJRVJEPSTNBMMQBSUJDVMBUFTJOUIFQSPDFTTnVJE BCMFVOEFSPQFSBUJOHDPOEJUJPOT
t.BJOUFOBODFBOESFCVJMEJOHBSFTJNQMF t)JHIQPXFSSFRVJSFNFOUUPGPSNBOE
t4MPXSPUBUJPOBMTQFFE SQNPSMFTT
NBYJNJ[JOHPQFSBUJOHMJGF NBJOUBJOUIFMJRVJESJOH SFTVMUJOHJO
t$BOVTFBOZUZQFPGMJRVJEGPSUIFTFBMBOUnVJEJOTJUVBUJPOTXIFSFNJO- MBSHFNPUPST
HMJOHXJUIUIFQSPDFTTWBQPSJTQFSNJTTJCMF t"DIJFWBCMFWBDVVNJTMJNJUFECZUIF
t/PMVCSJDBUJOHMJRVJEJOUIFWBDVVNDIBNCFSUPCFDPOUBNJOBUFE WBQPSQSFTTVSFPGTFBMBOUnVJEBU
t"DDPNNPEBUJPOPGCPUIDPOEFOTBCMFWBQPSTBOEOPODPOEFOTBCMFT UIFPQFSBUJOHUFNQFSBUVSF
XIJMFPQFSBUJOHBTCPUIBWBDVVNQVNQBOEDPOEFOTFS t1PXFSDPOTVNQUJPO
t3VHHFESPUPSEFTJHO DPOTUSVDUFEPGTUVSEZDBTUPSEVDUJMFJSPOXJUIPVU t$BOOPUIBOEMFQBSUJDVMBUFNBUUFS
BOZnJNTZSPUBUJOHDPNQPOFOUT OPSMBSHFTMVHTPGMJRVJE
Dry Vacuum Pumps
t/PODPOUBDUEFTJHOGBDJMJUBUFECZUJNJOHHFBST t.BZSFRVJSFBTJMFODFS
t)JHISPUBUJPOBMTQFFESFEVDFTUIFSBUJPPGHBTTMJQUPEJTQMBDFNFOU t.BZEJTDIBSHFHBTFTBUIJHI
JODSFBTFTOFUQVNQJOHDBQBDJUZBOESFEVDFTVMUJNBUFQSFTTVSF UFNQFSBUVSFT
t.VMUJQMFTUBHJOHQSPWJEFTJOMFUQSFTTVSFTCFMPXNN)HBCTPMVUFXIJMF t.PTUEJGmDVMUUPSFQBJSPSSFCVJME
EJTDIBSHJOHUPBUNPTQIFSF t.BZSFRVJSFBHBTQVSHFGPSDPPMJOH
t/PDPOUBNJOBUJPOPGFWBDVBUFEHBT PSUPQSPUFDUUIFCFBSJOHTBOETFBMT
t%VFUPMBDLPGDPOEFOTBUJPO QVNQDBOCFGBCSJDBUFEPGTUBOEBSE GSPNUIFQSPDFTTHBT
JOFYQFOTJWFDBTUJSPO t%VFUPIJHIPQFSBUJOHUFNQFSBUVSFT
TPNFQSPDFTTHBTFTNBZQPMZNFSJ[F

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