Aprendiz en Formación: DANIEL

USEDA,CRISTIAN RIOS,IVAN Fecha: Ficha:

OCHOA,JHONATAN GUZMAN,AIDER 11/09/2020 1903542
OÑATE,HAROLD ARENAS
Instructor en formación:
Programa de formación: MANTENIMIENTO MECANICO INDUSTRIAL
DURIS DURAN

THE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

The centrifugal pump is the most used pump type in the world. An increase in the fluid pressure from
the pump inlet to its outlet is created when the pump is in operation. This pressure difference drives the
fluid through the system or plant.

OPERATION

The pump works with a fluid (liquid), the

centrifugal pump transforms the energy of a
mechanic movement first in speed then in
pressure. The fluid of the pump gives energy,
this energy produces flow and elevation height.
These pumps use the centrifugal power for
moving the liquid and grow its pressure. The
centrifugal pump uses the tangential speed to
perform its work, it causes a low pressure inside
of the volute then the suction flange takes in the
liquid, the impeller drives the liquid to the
discharge flange. Finally, the fluid arrives to the

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The centrifugal pump creates an increase in pressure by transferring mechanical energy from the motor
to the fluid through the rotating impeller. The fluid flows from the inlet to the impeller center and out
along its blades. The centrifugal force hereby increases the fluid velocity and consequently also the
kinetic energy is transformed to pressure.

A centrifugal pump is one of the simplest pieces of equipment in any process

Plant. Its purpose is to convert energy of a prime mover (a electric motor or turbine) first into velocity or
kinetic energy and then into pressure energy of a fluid that is being pumped. The energy changes occur
by virtue of two main parts of the pump, the impeller and the volute or diffuser. The impeller is the
rotating part that converts driver energy into the kinetic energy. The volute or diffuser is the stationary
part that converts the kinetic energy into pressure energy.

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The process liquid enters the suction nozzle and then into eye (center) of a revolving device known as
an impeller. When the impeller rotates, it spins the liquid sitting in the cavities between the vanes
outward and provides centrifugal acceleration.

As liquid leaves the eye of the impeller a low-pressure area is created causing more liquid to flow
toward the inlet. Because the impeller blades are curved, the fluid is pushed in tangential and radial
direction by the centrifugal force. This force acting inside the pump is the same one that keeps water
inside a bucket that is rotating at the end of a string.

PUMP TYPES AND SYSTEMS

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The pumps are divided in five overall groups: circulation pumps, pumps for pressure boosting and fluid
transport, water supply pumps, industrial pumps and wastewaters pumps, many of the pump types can
be used in different applications.

GENERAL COMPONENTS OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

A centrifugal pump has two main components:

I. A rotating component comprised of an impeller and a shaft

II. A stationary component comprised of a casing, casing cover, and bearings

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 BLADE ROUTER

The centrifugal pumps, also called rotative, have a router of blades that move clock wise and emerged
into the liquid. The liquid enters the pump near the pivot point of the router and the blades they drag it
towards its edges at a high pressure. The router also gives the liquid a relatively high speed that could
be transformed into pressure in an stationary part of the pump

The router must be fed before starting its function; it means that it must be surrounded by liquid when
the pump is started.

The liquid penetrates back and forth through the pipe of the vacuum until the entranced of the impeller,
experimenting a change of direction more or less tough, speeding and vacuuming a work.

The alabes of the impeller make the particles of the liquid to a rotating movement very fast, being
projected towards the exterior by centrifugal force.

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 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP PARTS

PRESSURESIDE: The unit part movil that transmits the potency to the pumped liquid.

ROTATING DIRECTION INDICATOR: Turns against the clock.

SUCTION SIDE: Includes the distance from the liquid level to the pump shaft.

DOWNSTREAM PIPE FLANGE: Where the liquid enters.

IMPELLER: The Motor motion can only rotate about its axis.

DRIVESHAFT FLANGE: It is one that describes an object but fixed at a single point.

ROTATING DIRECTION INDICATOR: Where the liquid goes out.

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 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP PARTS

The shaft: always supports the rotatory parts and its

principal role always generates mechanical energy.

The impeller: mechanical component of a centrifugal

pump that always transforms the mechanical energy in
kinetic energy.

The casing: metal structure always covers up the

internal parts of the machine

The bearings: support shaft on the far left and right,

and always support axial, Radial weights.

The Suction nozzle: almost ever remains in the left

side the centrifugal pump, in the suction nozzle always
assemble in the suction piping.

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 The discharge nozzle: almost ever remains in area
upper the centrifugal pump, in the nozzle discharge
always assembles in the discharge piping.

Stuffing: These components always stop leak the oil the

pump and pollution.

The volute: casing that covers up the parts internal the

centrifugal pump, sometimes with different type the
structure.

Seal: this component always stop leak the water the

pump and hamper the presence of the atmosphere
pump maintenance.

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 DETECTION OF FAULTS IN CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

Many of the failures and malfunctions in the pumps occur by a bad operation and commissioning in inadequate conditions
The pump is noisy or vibrates:

- The pump and driver are aligned improperly – realign the pump and driver
- The impeller is partially clogged – back flush or remove and clean
- The impeller or shaft is broken or bent – replace the impeller or shaft as necessary
- The foundation is not rigid – tighten the hold-down bolts of the pump and motor or adjust stilts
- The bearings are worn – replace
- The suction / discharge piping is not anchored / supported adequately – anchor / support correctly
- The pump is cavitating – locate and correct problem
- The packing gland is adjusted improperly - tighten the gland nuts
- The stuffing box is packed improperly - check or replace packing
- The mechanical seal parts are worn or broken - replace parts or seal
- The mechanical seal is overheating - check the lubrication and cooling lines
- The shaft or sleeve is scored - machine or replace
- The bearings are demaged – Dry (lack of lubrication) or worn sreplace the bearings as
necessary.

GLOSSARY

PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING DIALOGUE

Alex: hey, Juan! how´s it going brother?

Juan: hey, Alex! at here everything fine and tell me. Are you ok my friend?

Alex: I´m fine, but I really don´t like what´s going on with the pandemic and the covid-19 virus. This 2020 is crazy.

- Jesus Christ!!!
Juan: yes brother, me too. It´s worrying. For now is very important keep the biosafety protocols in the workshop, we will overcome this. I
sure you it.

Alex: That is right, brother! Everything will be fine, well… besides that I have a problem and maybe you can help me.

Juan: of course, tell me. ¿ what happens?

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Alex: well, as you already know I´m doing maintenance on a centrifugal pump, but y have a little problem. The centrifugal pump has lost
power, it is also causing sounds and vibrations.

Juan: ok, you must check into pump at it´s shaft, check that the bearings are correctly lubricant, also the grease status, and try move them
for see if there is friction.
- Check out it, and tell me, what do you find?
-
Alex: Perfect, inspect everything, the grease has a lot of residue and the bearings look a little worn. What would I do?

Juan: well, you got do the bearing change, so use a hydraulic press or mechanical puller for take out both bearings from shaft.
-Remember, be careful, work with this type of tools could be dangerous.
-a thing more… don´t forge applicate new grease before of install the new bearings, ok?
-also remember put all pieces in the same place and with same initial position.
Alex: Everything looks good! I followed the steps as you have indicated, I have also used mi personal protection elements and tools
correctly.
-I change the bearings, it took a while, but I did it, then I applied the grease to the bearings and assembled piece by piece.
-I will proceed to test and analyze the centrifugal pump, I hope good results.
Juan: So, Alex tell me...
- How did you whit that?
- Has increased the pump its potency?
- It´s performance has been improved?

Alex: friend I have good news, the centrifugal pump was like new, it is already working normal, with good power and there are no strange
sounds.

Thanks for everything, have a great day.

See you later bro.

Juan: Those are excellent news friend!

If you have some other question, don´t doubt and tell me. I´m here for serve you my friend.

See you next time!

Alex: I will keep it in mind for any problem that may arise in the workshop, bye!

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