JOHANNIS P.

REY
BSME 3

ASSIGNMENT IN METHODS OF RESEARCH FOR ME

RELATED LITERATURE

According to U. M. Choi, and K. B. Lee, F. Blaabjerg (2012),the use of renewable energy

sources are increased because of the depletion of natural resources and the increasing pollution

level from energy production. The wind energy and the solar energy are most widely used among

the renewable energy sources. Power electronics is needed in almost all kinds of renewable

energy system. It controls the renewable source and interfaces with the load effectively, which

can be grid-connection or working in stand-alone mode. In this paper, overview of wind and

photovoltaic energy systems are introduced. Next, the power electronic circuits behind the most

common wind and photovoltaic configurations are discussed. Finally, their controls and

important requirements for grid connection are explained.

According to Nabavi, Seyedfakhreddin, Zhang Lihong (2016),Energy harvesting has become an

increasingly important topic because of the advantages in renewability and environmental friendliness. In

this paper, a comprehensive study on contemporary portable wind energy harvesters has been conducted.

The electrical power generation methods of portable wind energy harvesters are surveyed in three major

groups, piezoelectric-, electromagnetic-, and electrostatic-based generators. The paper also takes another

view of this area by gauging the required mechanisms for trapping wind flow from ambient environment.

In this regard, rotational and aeroelastic mechanisms are analyzed for the portable wind

energy harvesting devices. The comparison between both mechanisms shows that the aeroelastic

mechanism has promising potential in producing an energy harvester in smaller scale although how to

maintain the resonator perpendicular to wind flow for collecting the maximum vibration is still a major
challenge to overcome for this mechanism. Furthermore, this paper categorizes the previously published

portable wind energy harvesters to macro and micro scales in terms of their physical dimensions.

The power management systems are also surveyed to explore the possibility of improving energy

conversion efficiency. Finally some insights and research trends are pointed out based on an overall

analysis of the previously published works along the historical timeline.

Tester (2005) mentioned that each renewable energy type comes from one of three primary

energy sources: solar radiation, gravitational forces and heat generated by radioactive decay.

Tester argued that solar, thermal and photovoltaic energy are produced by capturing a fraction of

incident solar. Wind, hydro, wave, ocean thermal, and biomass energy are also indirectly

produced by solar. According to Tester, this competency could improve in the long-term. Tester

estimated the lifetime-leveled cost for wind power to equal 6.5 cents per kilowatt hour,

comparable to natural-gas combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT) and coal power plants if

externality costs are considered. Furthermore, the author acknowledges additional advantages of

wind power plants, including the installation as turnkey contracts within a short period, lower

investment costs compared to nuclear and hydroelectric plants, economies of mass production,

an absence of fuel costs and improvement in the operating and maintenance costs.