1.

0 SITE VISIT

1.1 SITE VISIT AND INTERVIEW

On April 16th, we went to a site visit and met up with the project coordinator which is
Encik Faizal. The project is located at Penanti, Permatang Pauh and it is about to construct a
fire station. An official title for this project is “Membina Dan Menyiapkan Balai Bomba Dan
Penyelamat Serta Kerja-Kerja Berkaitan Di Penanti, Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang.” Before
enter the site, a short and simple brief about the project was given by Encik Faizal.

The land size of the project is approximately 0.7 acres. For this project, the contractor
involved is Ambang Mutiara Enterprise and the developer is Jabatan Bomba Dan Penyelamat
Malaysia. These developments are liable to take care of this construction and ensure this
project is complete on time. Other than that, there are the following companies that also
involved in this project:

 Architect : Jamil Architect

 C&S : S.A.A. Consult Sdn. Bhd.
 M&E : Perunding HPL Sdn. Bhd.
 QS :Kementerian Kesejahteraan Bandar, Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan

The duration of the project is 15 months. Due to some delays, the total duration of this
project is 17 months. This project was started on December 21 st, 2016 and it might be end on
March 20th , 2018 but unfortunately, it was extended due to some problems and will ended on
May 29th, 2018 instead. Besides, there was also a slight delay due to bad weather.

A progress tracking critical path method (CPM) was used to make sure the work at the
site is tally with the planning. S-Curve was also used to allow the progress of a project to be
tracked visually over time, and form a historical record of what has happened to date. This
work program is made using Microsoft Project. The type of contract for the project is
traditional contract.

This project is cost RM2.5 billion. All the machineries cost does not requires huge
amount of money to rent and the amount of material used is minor. In term of materials and
structures, Encik Faizal also mentioned that they were using brc A7 for slab reinforcement.
The type of tile used is Guocera tile. It was mostly used in toilets and pantry. In addition, red
bricks was used for partitions walls. It also called as clay fire rated bricks.

1
So here is some questions that we asked during interview session:

1. Who was involved in this project and the person in charge?

Figure 1.0: Organization Chart

2. What is the duration of the project?

The duration of contract is about 15 months. This project was started on December
21st, 2016 and it might be end on March 20, 2018 but unfortunately, it was extended
according to some problems and will ended on May 29th, 2018 instead. They took 70
days delay from the real date to solve the problem.

3. What was the factors causing delay of building construction projects?

There was a problem to get a CCC from the authorities that causes of delay in the
construction. Encik Faizal once said that everyone will face the same problem when it
relates to the authorities and automatically it will delay the project. All the weathers
also were considered during this period.

4. Is there any incident happened on the construction site?

For this project, there was none incident happened because this is a small project so
the risk of dangers are not expected as a big project. Hence, all the machines used was
not a big machine and there was not much material.

2
5. What kind of safety was practiced on site?

Figure 1.1: Safety Sign at Site

6. How much the total amount of the whole project?

It was only took RM2.5 billion to cover this whole of project not including the
variation order (VO) or anything else. The amount VO was added when the contractor
itself make a mistake about the drawing plan and it will count differently from the
original amount.

7. Who was involved for every meetings and what was usually they were discussed
about?
There are many companies involved for every meetings which are Seberang Perai
Municipal Council (MPSP), Kementerian Kesejahteraan Bandar, Perumahan dan
Kerajaan Tempatan (KPKT) and etc. The meeting was carried for every month to
observe the progress of the project.

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1.2 ORGANIZATION CHART

4
Figure 1.3: Organizational Chart

5
 c

2.0 SITE SELECTION

2.1 SITE VISIT FOR STUDENT PROJECT

As for this Project Management subject, we are assigned to complete two different
tasks where the first one is to observe any ongoing construction project (50 – 80%) and
acquired any related information regarding the site progress. While for the second task,
we need to find any free lot with a potential of development. To obtain any related
information, we have to deal with local authority.
For the second task, we have chosen a free lot located at Bandar Perda near to Majlis
Perbandaran Seberang Prai (MPSP) and Taman Casa Idaman. The location and
information of the free lot were obtained from MPSP on 16th of April 2017. The total
acre for the free lot is 3.3 acre

At this free lot location, we proposed to build a 1 unit of 5-storey apartment. Based on
the information given by the staff of MPSP, there is no future development at the
location. One week after, we visited the site to obtain any further information about the
surrounding, services available an access road.

6
Figure 2.0: Free Lot

Figure 2.1: Access Road

7
Figure 2.2: Surrounding Area
 2.2 FEASIBILITY STUDY

Business Point of View

i. Land Valuation

Property description The land is strategically located in the

heart of Bukit Mertajam in Penang, a 56
acres integrated township initiated by the
Government to boost the administrative,
residential, industrial and commercial
sectors of Malaysia’s northern region.
The location is conveniently accessible
from the Penang Bridge and Penang
International Airport.
Location 570, Jalan Perda Utama, Bandar Perda,
14000 Bukit Mertajam, Pulau Pinang.
(5.373268, 100.437608)

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 Land area 13, 354 sq. m

Project Cost RM 86 750 0000. 00

ii. Financial Study

Pre-Development Cost RM 4,050,000

Infrastructural Cost RM 12,150,000
Preliminaries RM 4,050,000
Construction RM 20,250,000
Sales Revenue RM 40,500,000
Profitable Return RM 4,500,000
Cash flow RM 1,250,000

iii. Market (Economic) Analysis

A market economy is an economic system in which economic decisions and the
pricing of goods and services are guided solely by the aggregate interactions of a
country's individual citizens and businesses. There is little government
intervention or central planning. This is the opposite of a centrally planned
economy, in which government decisions drive most aspects of a country's
economic activity.

iv. Risk Analysis

Project Risk Analysis and Management is a process which enables the analysis
and management of the risks associated with a project. Properly undertaken it will
increase the likelihood of successful completion of a project to cost, time and
performance objectives

Technical Point of View

i. Preliminary layout plan

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 Lot 420 & 423, Jalan
Perda Utama, Bandar
Perda.

Figure 2.3: The proposed site based on Google Map

Lot 420

Lot 423

View B

View C

View A

Figure 2.4: Location of Free Lot

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 Figure 2.5: View from roundabout (View A)

Figure 2.6: View from the exit of the street (View B)

Figure 2.7: View from the other street (View C)

11
ii. Preliminary Investigation
 Land status – A piece of land near Seberang Perai Municipal Council was sold
around the market price to a developer because the Penang Regional
Development Authority (Perda) wanted affordable houses built there.

 Current and future development (plan for the desired site) – Based on one of
the Seberang Perai Municipal Council (MPSP) employee, high end
commercial shop at Bandar Perda, Bukit Mertajam potential on the future
development where available of unit 2storey Shop lot & 3 storey Shop lot.

 Surrounding, services available, access road – includes residential, industrial

and commercial properties in one place. Among the public facilities are
Sekolah Kebangsaan Bandar Baru Perda and Seberang Perai Municipal
Council is also located in Perda City. Meanwhile for the services, there are
KPJ Penang Specialist Hospital, Bank Rakyat, Bank Islam, Police Station
Seberang Perai Tengah and Fire Station Bandar Perda near the location. The
location is easily access via Jalan Perda Utama is strategically located at Jalan
Bandar Perda Utama, Bandar Perda Bukit Mertajam.

iii. Site Visit

 Distance from town center – The location is just 5 minutes away from Bukit
Mertajam town centre, 10 minutes from North-South Expressway.

 Population of the area

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 Figure 2.8: Population in Seberang Perai

Seberang Perai has experienced rapid population growth over the last two
decades. In 2001 its population stood at 736,306 persons. However, growth
was not evenly spread with most of it concentrated in the northern and central
parts of Seberang Perai. The rates of growth by Districts are 35% for SPU
(Northern District) and 43% for SPT (Central District) while SPS (Southern
District) experienced only 22% growth.

 Accessibility - The main thoroughfares within Bukit Mertajam include Jalan

Pasar and Jalan Kulim. In addition, both the North–South Expressway and
Federal Route 1 pass by Bukit Mertajam, linking the town with the rest of
Peninsular Malaysia. Similar in function to the aforementioned pan-Peninsular
expressway, the Bukit Mertajam railway station provides intercity rail
transportation towards other major cities.

iv. Technical Site Suitability Factors

 Accommodation for staff (contractor responsibility)
Temporary accommodation for staff has to be built to cause minimal
inconvenience to staff since it is hard to rent near the location.

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 Local suppliers or sub-contractors availability (contractor responsibility)
Availability of local suppliers or sub-contractors can reduce the price of sub-
contracting.

 Material, Plant and Labor availability (contractor responsibility)

If they are available locally, it would ease the construction while reducing the
cost.

 Mode of Transportation to the site (contractor responsibility)

A good access road to the site is important for the purpose of transportation,
i.e. bringing in and out materials, plant and labor. An effective transportation
and logistics system ensures on time delivery of the right materials to your
site, while reducing your costs.

 Services (water, electricity, telephone) availability

Services available will reduce the contribution cost and construction cost. 
Available services or in close proximity will reduce contribution cost to TNB,
JKR, or Telekom and construction cost will be cheaper due to length shorten
for services/facilities involved.

 Environment 
Understanding on geological components such as geologic hazard (flooding,
erosion, slope failures and subsidence) are important so that the construction
activities can be carried out according to the adopted designs with minimal
impacts on the geological environments. The project will also affect the
surrounding.

 Flood Level (if any) and existing Drainage

The proposed site is located on the low lying area and it was flooded before. In
2017, the State Government through the Seberang Perai Municipal Council
(MPSP) has proposed RM9.45 million projects to address the flash flood
issue, of which RM7.5 million is for the maintenance of monsoon trench and

14
 reservoir, maintenance pump houses of RM0.25 million and RM1.7 million
for maintenance projects in industrial areas.

Figure 2.9: Historical records for rainfall in March 2018

 Topography 

Topographic maps are detailed, accurate graphic representations of features

that appear on the Earth's surface. These features include:

 Cultural: roads, buildings, urban development, railways, airports, names

of places and geographic features, administrative boundaries, state and
international borders, reserves
 Hydrography: lakes, rivers, streams, swamps, coastal flats
 Relief: mountains, valleys, contours and cliffs, depressions
 Vegetation: wooded and cleared areas, vineyards and orchards.

15
Figure 2.10: Malaysia Topographic Map

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2.3 BUILDING SETTING OUT

Surveying is a process of determining the positions of points or stations on the

earth surface by measuring the horizontal distances, vertical distances, and angle of
these points. The main equipment used for setting out is an electronic theodolite. The
location selected to do the setting out is in UiTM Pulau Pinang’s field.

From the data collected, maps and sections can be prepared, also amount of earth
work can be calculated. Setting out is important to determine an area to be covered by
project. After setting out activity is done, we can determine the position of the
building, access road, drainage system, accommodation for staff, position of plant,
material storage and utilities.

Figure 2.11: Surveying Activity Figure 2.12: Theodolite Used for Setting Out

Figure 2.13: After Surveying Activity

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 Data Acquisition

Station Observed Bearing

From To Face Left Face Right
5 2780 370 200 980 490 200
1
2 2180 450 000 380 380 200
1 380 400 200 2180 400 000
2
3 2590 540 400 790 540 300
2 790 540 000 2590 530 200
3
4 3290 180 000 1500 140 200
3 1500 140 000 3290 160 000
4
5 750 210 400 2550 210 000
4 2550 210 000 750 210 400
5
1 980 480 060 2780 360 200

Station Included Correction Corrected

From To
Angle Included Angle
1 2 590 520 200 -00 30 26.80 590 480 53.20
2 3 1380 450 400 -00 30 26.80 1380 420 13.20
3 4 1100 310 000 -00 30 26.80 1100 270 33.20
4 5 740 350 200 -00 30 26.80 740 310 53.20
5 1 1560 320 540 -00 30 26.80 1560 290 27.20
Total ∑ 5400 170 140 ∑ 540 90 000

Point Station Angle Distance (m) Station Angle Distance (m)

A 1-A 110 7.5 2-A 270 3.0

B 1-B 380 13.9 2-B 970 8.5
C 1-C 720 12.8 2-C 630 13.7
D 1-D 870 5.3 2-D 280 11.1

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 3.0 PROJECT’S PREPARATION

3.1 ORGANIZATION CHART

Siti Aisah Binti Maswawi

(Project Director)

Nurul Farah Binti Suhaimi Anis Farzana Binti Fazly Nur Haziqah Binti Mohd Anis Farzana Binti Fazly
(Project Manager) (Representative of Ibrahim (Civil and (Quantities and
Project Director) Structure Unit) Contract Unit)

Nur Haziqah Binti Mohd Nurul Farah Binti Suhaimi Siti Aisah Binti Maswawi
Ibrahim (Architecture Unit) (Electrical Engineering Unit) (Mechanical Engineering Unit)

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 3.2 Work Break Down
Structure (WBS) – Bar Chart

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3.3 SITE LAYOUT

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3.4 STANDARD CONDITION CONTRACT

The type of contract that we used is the most commonly used method which is the
Traditional Contract. In this contract, the design and construction stage are separated
which consultant and architect are in charge of the design. Meanwhile, the contractor will
be handling the construction of the project. Below is the general flowchart of Traditional
Contract:

CLIENT/OWNER

CONSULTANT
(Architect / Civil Engineer, QS)

MAIN CONTRACTOR

SUB-CONTRACTOR NOMINATED SUB- NOMINATED SUPPLIER

(SC) CONTRACTOR (NSC) (NS)

Next, the contractor must submit the Bill of Quantities of the project on the specified
date and time that has been informed. Traditional contract is a fixed price type of

22
 contract. Payments are made based on the each item and works that executed in the Bill
of Quantities as the rate are mentioned on every single item. The contractor that capable
to provide the lowest and reasonable price will be chosen to run the project.

This contract also gives so many benefits to the client. Firstly, fix contract sum which
means the owner, designers and constructor know the quantity of the project and the
procedures and contractual rule of conduct have been worked out and are well
understood. Secondly, sequential function is indicates that the project is more likely to
proceed smoothly from beginning to end. Lastly, this type of contact builds a competitive
tender among the contractors. This represents that this open bidding procedure gives the
owner the lowest price available in marketplace and presumably the greatest and
economic efficiency because the lowest bidders is the winner.
3.5 UNIFORM BUILDING BY LAW (UBBL)
Introduction
All Project in Malaysia is run based on the UBBL. It is mandatory to apply UBBL on
every single project because the building to be occupied must be equipped with the best
security to protect occupants against accidental events, such as fire. It also seeks to assess
these fire protection systems using UBBL. The project that we handle must and will meet
all the Acts and rules that are already stated in the UBBL 1984.
The objectives behind the formulation of the Uniform Building By-Laws, 1984
[UBBL], among others were to:
 Set a standardized building regulations for the whole of Malaysia and
applicable to all Local Authorities and building professionals,
 Clarify line of legal responsibilities for buildings with clear definitions on the
Principal Submitting Persons,
 Regulate architectural, structural, health & safety, fire protection capabilities
and constructional requirements of buildings; with clear references to the
approved standards,
 Expedite the processing and building approvals and occupation of buildings,

SUBMISSION OF PLANS FOR APPROVAL

1. By-Law 3. Submission of plans for approval.

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 - All plans for buildings submitted to the local authority for approval in addition to
the requirements of section 70 of the Act shall be deposited at the office of the
local authority together with the fees prescribed for the submission, bear upon
them a statement showing for what purpose the building for which the plans are
submitted is to be erected and used. Every plan, drawing or calculation in respect
of any building shall be submitted by a qualified person.

2. By-Law 4. Return of plan.

- A local authority will accept any returned plan, drawing or calculation if the same
were re-submitted together with a certificate from the relevant competent
authority responsible for registering such qualified person.

SPACE, LIGHT AND VENTILATION

1. By-Law 35. Access from a street.

- Every building to be erected on a site which does not front a street shall have
access from a street and the means, nature and extent of the access shall be in
accordance with a layout plan approved by the competent planning authority or
the local authority

2. By-Law 42. Minimum areas of rooms in residential buildings.

- The area of the first habitable room in a residential building shall be not less than
11 square metres, the second habitable room be not less than 9.3 square metres
and all other rooms be not less than 6.5 square metres in area. The width of every
habitable room in a residential building shall be not less than 2 metres. The area
and width of a kitchen in a residential building shall be not less than 4.5 square
metres and 1.5 metres respectively

CONSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
1. By-Law 81. Building site.
- No building shall be erected on any site which has been filled up with any matter
impregnated with fecal, animal or vegetable matter, until the whole ground
surface or site of such building such has been rendered or become innocuous and

24
 has been covered with a layer of hill earth, hardcore, clinker or ash rammed solid
to at least 0.305 metre thickness. The ground to be built upon by any building
shall be effectively cleared of turf and other vegetable matter.

2. By-Law 82. Drainage of subsoil

- Wherever the dampness or position of the site of a building renders it necessary,
the subsoil of the site shall be effectively drained or such other steps shall be taken
as will effectively protect the building against damage from moisture. During the
making of an excavation for a building, existing subsoil drains are discovered
such drains shall be diverted with approved materials to ensure no subsoil water
entering such drains causes dampness to the site of the building

FIRE REQUIREMENTS

1. By-Law 172. Emergency exit signs

- Storey exits and access to such exits shall be marked by readily visible signs and
shall not be obscured by any decorations, furnishings or other equipment. Sign
reading "KELUAR" with an arrow indicating the direction shall be placed in
every location where the direction of travel to reach the nearest exit is not
immediately apparent. All exit signs shall be illuminated continuously during
periods of occupancy

2. By-Law 237. Fire Alarms.

- Fire alarms shall be provided in accordance with the Tenth Schedule to these By-
law. Fire alarms shall be provided in accordance with the Tenth Schedule to these
By-law

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3.6 PUBLIC WORK DEPARTMENT ACT (PWD)
Introduction
Conditions of Contract defines the terms under which the work is to be carried out,
the relationship between the Client and the Contractor, the power of Engineers and terms
of payment. Conditions of Contract (PWD 203A) is to be used where Bills of Quantities
form as part of Contract. These contract clauses must be carefully examined and studied
by the Contractor so that the obligations to be assumed are thoroughly understood. Below
are few lists that we selected from the PWD203A Contract:-

1. Contract period
- Number of working days from a specified commencement date to a specified
completion data, as provided for in a contract e.g. “The contract period shall be
for a period of ……….. commencing from ………….. ending on …………….”

2. Scope of contract
- All the items that need to be considered in construct and complete the Works
using materials, goods and workmanship. The Contractor must also undertake any
consequential work in relation to construction and completion of works on site.
Provided further any temporary connection shall be obtained without additional
cost to the government. The contractor shall also make good defects, imperfection,

26
 shrinkage or any other faults whatsoever which may appear during the Defect
Liability Period.

3. Contract sum
- The contract sum is the price agreed with the contractor and entered into the
contract. “The Government hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in
consideration of the construction and completion of the works and making good of
any defects whatsoever to the Works the sum of Ringgit:
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………(RM……………………………….) or such other sum as shall become
payable under and at the times and in the manner specified in the Contract.

4. Contract documents
- Custody of the Contract Documents.
 The Contract shall be prepared in two original copies. Immediately after
execution of this Contract the S.O. (Superintending Officer) shall
furnished without any charges with two copies of the Contract Drawings
and two copies of the unpriced Bill of Quantities and priced Bill of
Quantities (if requested by the Contractor.) Upon final payment being
made the Contractor shall returned the drawings, details, specification and
other documents to ensure none of the documents mentioned shall be used
by the Contractor for any purpose other than this Contract.
- Sufficiency of Contract Documents.
 If the Contractor shall find any discrepancy in or divergence between two
or more contract documents he shall immediately give the to the S.O. a
written notice specifying the discrepancy or divergence.

5. Inspection of site
- The Contractor shall be deemed to have inspected and examined the Site and its
surrounding to identify the nature of the ground and subsoil, form nature of the
site, accessibility, accommodation required, obtain necessary information as to
risks, contingencies and all circumstances.

27
6. Performance bond/performance guarantee sum
- The Contractor shall provide a Performance Bond or Performance Guarantee Sum
as the case may be substantially in form of Appendix issued by an approved
licenses bank or financial institution incorporated in Malaysia in favour of the
Government for a sum equivalent to five percent (5%) of the total Contract Sum
as specified in the Appendix to secure due to the performance of obligations under
this Contract. It valid and effective until twelve (12) month after the expiry of the
Defect Liability Period. If the Contractor fails to submit the Performance Bond as
specified, the Contractor shall to have opted Performance Bond in the form of
Performance Guarantee Sum and ten percent (10%) shall be deducted from the
first interim payments

7. Unfixed materials and goods

- Unfixed materials and goods delivered to, placed on or adjacent to the site and
intended for incorporation therein, shall not remove unless S.O. has consented in
writing such removal. Where the S.O. has included value for such materials or
goods in any certificate, under which the contractor has received payment, such
materials and goods shall become the property of the government but the
Contractor shall remain responsible for loss or damage.

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3.7 SITE SAFETY

I. Introduction
The Occupational Safety and Health Act grants OSHA the authority to issue
workplace health and safety regulations. These regulations include limits on
hazardous chemical exposure, employee access to hazard information,
requirements for the use of personal protective equipment, and requirements to
prevent falls and hazards from operating dangerous equipment.

II. Policy
• Ensure the health, safety, and welfare at work of all employees.
• Recognize the legal obligations placed on the relevant health and safety at
work.
• Carry out activities in such a way as to ensure that all employees and visitors
to site are not exposed to risks to their health and safety

III. Responsibility and Function

i. Project Manager

29
  Ensure that safe system of work and safe working environment are
established and maintained by Senior Personnel/Supervisors/Foreman
and employees at the job site.

ii. Site Safety Supervisor

 Inspect and rectifying any unsafe conditions at the construction site.
 Correcting any unsafe practices.
 Checking of sub-contractors’ work to ensure compliance with the Act
and the Regulations made thereunder are complied with.
 To attend safety meetings.

iii. Employer
 Inform workers about chemical hazards through training, labels,
alarms, color-coded systems, chemical information sheets and other
methods.
 Provide safety training to workers in a language they can understand.
 Keep accurate records of work-related injuries and illnesses.
 Provide required personal protective equipment at no cost to workers.
 To monitor that safe working conditions are maintained for all
employees working at the job site

iv. Worker
 Workers are required to wear personal protective equipment entire
time on the construction site.
 To obey all Safety Rules and Regulation, to protect himself and his
coworkers from accidents/incidents.
 Receive information and training about hazards, methods to prevent
harm, and the OSHA standards that apply to their workplace.
 Receive copies of records of work-related injuries and illnesses that
occur in their workplace.

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IV. Site Planning and Layout

i. Site Security
 Install hoardings instead of fences around the perimeter as these are
more difficult to climb and stop people viewing the construction site.
 Larger construction sites may require 24 hours guarding including
patrolling and static guarding.
 Minimize the amount of machinery and plants on site, and move into a
secure area after working hours.

ii. Safe Means of Access

 Routes need to be clearly marked out and well maintained to allow
personnel and others on site to exit quickly in the event of an
emergency.
 Construction work should be fenced off and suitably signed and
warned.
 Separate pedestrian route for them to continue their journeys without
incident.

iii. Storage of Materials

 Store based on the physical properties such as size, shape, weight and
mode of delivery.
 Do not store materials where they obstruct access routes or where they
could interfere with emergency escape.
 Flammable materials usually need to be stored away from other
materials and protected from accidental ignition

iv. Lifting Appliances

31
  Selection, provision and use of a suitable crane and work equipment,
including safe slinging and signaling arrangements;
 Ensure proper training and precise information on how to handle loads
correctly.
 The working environment should be kept clean and tidy, with floors
and access routes clear of obstacles.

v. Temporary Services
 For any construction site, a constant supply of electricity is essential to
allow for the delivery of the site project.
 Site lighting is important for ensuring that workers stay safe on a
construction site and it can reduce the possibility of injury.

vi. Temporary Structures

 Temporary structures that are designed only to be used during
construction must not be removed until the satisfactory safety criteria
for their use has been met.
 The safety net must be provided when the workplaces are more than 25
ft.

vii. Waste Management

 Arrangements for regular disposal must be determined particularly for
scheduled waste.

viii. Car Park

 Car park should be located either on or off site for worker and visitors.

ix. Personal Protective Equipment Management

 Workers must receive proper training for specific job duties and being
provided with personal protective equipment (PPE) and maintaining PPE,
including replacing worn or damaged PPE.

32
  PPE include safety helmet, safety glasses or face shields, and safety shoes.
 Employers must make sure that the item is worn correctly to avoid
hazardous materials that is commonly found at construction sites include
lead, silica dust.

Figure 3.1: Example of site safety in construction site

x. Safety Signage

 Signage is required for places where there is risk of collision, falling,

stumbling, falling objects or where there are steps, holes in floor or
similar hazards.
 There are 4 types of signage which are warnings signs, mandatory
signs, safe condition signs and supplementary signs.
 Signage can be differentiate by looking at its color and symbol.

33
 Figure 3.2: Example of safety signage at site

IV.1 REFERENCES
1. Lecture’s Note by Madam Nurulzatulshima Binti Abdul Karim, Lecturer of Civil
Engineering Department (ECM 367) Project and Construction Management UiTM
Pulau Pinang.
2. Legal Research Board, 2013, UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984.
3. Government of Malaysia, 2007. STANDARD FORM OF CONTRACT TO BE
USED WHERE BILLS OF QUANTITIES FORM PART OF THE CONTRACT
(PWD FORM 203 A).

34
4. Laporan Kemajuan Bulanan Membina Dan Menyiapkan Balai Bomba Dan
Penyelamat Serta Kerja-Kerja Berkaitan Di Penanti, Permatang Pauh, Pulau
Pinang.
5. Rozanah Ab. Rahman, 2015. Managing Safety at Work Issues in Construction
Works in Malaysia: A Proposal for Legislative Reform.
6. Government of Malaysia, Standard Form of Contract to be used where Bill of
Quantities form part of the Contract - P.W.D. FORM 203A (Rev. 2007)
7. STREET, DRAINAGE AND BUILDING ACT 1974 [ACT 133], G.N. 5178/84 -
UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 Incorporating latest amendment - G.N.
10046/1999
8. Malaysian Meteorological Department. 2018.
http://www.met.gov.my/iklim/ramalanbermusim/ramalancuacajangkamasapanjan
g
9. The Department of Occupational Safety and Health, 2018.
http://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/en/?
option=com_content&view=article&id=584&Itemid=608
10. Construction Industry Development Board, 2018.
http://www.cidb.gov.my/index.php/my/bidang-utama/keselamatan-dan-kesihatan
11. Topographic Map
http://geospatial.com/products/series/topographic-maps/malaysia-dnmm5101-
series-scale-1-50000-topographic-maps-1001449/index/104-kuantan-479167/
12. Market Economy Analysis
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketeconomy.asp
13. Risk Analysis
https://www.fep.up.pt/disciplinas/PGI914/Ref_topico3/ProjectRAM_APM.pdf

14. Finance Guideline

https://www.ofm.wa.gov/sites/default/files/public/legacy/budget/instructions/capi
nst/aeguidelines.pdf
15. Location -
https://www.google.com/maps/place/Municipal+Council+of+Seberang+Perai/@5.
3760989,100.4357924,4608m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!
1s0x304ac61919ac4667:0x4a7c77419911013f!8m2!3d5.370227!4d100.432441

35
16. Site Layout https://www.google.com/search?
rlz=1C1CHBF_enMY797MY797&biw=1280&bih=614&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=0r8
SW4ODFMW2rQG075_oCQ&q=example+site+layout+plan+residential+area&o
q=example+site+layout+plan+residential+area&gs_l=img.3...1413.6438.0.6946.1
7.17.0.0.0.0.147.1914.2j15.17.0....0...1c.1.64.img..0.1.134...0i8i30k1.0.wLnzXH_
fNVc
17. During Construction https://www.google.com/search?
rlz=1C1CHBF_enMY797MY797&biw=1280&bih=614&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=wr
0SW5S4Hcu8rQHvq5yQCQ&q=construction+site+logistics+plan&oq=constructi
on+site+logi+plan&gs_l=img.3.0.0i7i30k1l2.63663.64396.0.66354.5.5.0.0.0.0.12
6.464.0j4.4.0....0...1c.1.64.img..1.4.462...0j0i67k1j0i8i7i30k1.0.oDMYS2-
aiiI#imgrc=cPXCwXlZrq5kwM
18. Post–Construction https://www.google.com/search?
q=construction+site+layout+plan&rlz=1C1CHBF_enMY797MY797&source=ln
ms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiU0puSrLXbAhVRXn0KHXM0Dk4Q_AU
ICigB&biw=1280&bih=614
19. Drainage System https://www.google.com/search?
rlz=1C1CHBF_enMY797MY797&biw=1280&bih=614&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=cb
4SW6nLI8Kd9QO5v73QAQ&q=drainage+system+for+residential+area&oq=drai
&gs_l=img.3.1.35i39k1l2j0i67k1l3j0j0i67k1j0j0i67k1j0.207409.207947.0.20989
8.4.4.0.0.0.0.130.372.0j3.3.0....0...1c.1.64.img..1.3.370...0i10i67k1.0.yWy8fsvxjU
c
20. http://repository.um.edu.my/17888/1/Paper%20Dec2011%20-%20Comparative
%20Study%20Forms%20of%20Contract.pdf
21. http://badrulhishamarchitect.blogspot.com/2011/03/overview-of-uniform-
building-by-laws.html

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5.0 APPENDICES

37