www.lawcommission.gov.

np

clen]v ;+/If0f P]g, @)$^

nfndf]x/ / k|sfzg ldlt
@)$^.&.!!
;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g k|df0fLs/0f / k|sfzg ldlt
!= u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g
;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ @)^^.!).&
@= s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg tyf vf/]h ug]{ P]g, @)&@ @)&@.)^.!$
#= g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg cg's"n agfpg s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{
;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&% @)&%.!!.!(
@)$^ ;fnsf] P]g g+= !&
=============
clen]v ;+/If0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] P]g
k|:tfjgf M /fli6«o b[li6sf]0fn] dxTjk"0f{ sfuhftnfO{ clen]vsf] ¿kdf Jojl:yt Pj+ ;'/lIft
tl/sfn] /fVg] ;DaGwdf sfg"gL Joj:yf ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n],
>L % dxf/fhflw/fh jL/]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb]jaf6 /fli6«o k~rfotsf] ;Nnfx /
;Ddltn] of] P]g agfOaS;]sf] 5 .
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M
!=! o; P]gsf] gfd æclen]v ;+/If0f P]g, @)$^Æ /x]sf] 5 .
!=@ of] P]g t'¿Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiff M
@=! ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,—
@=!=! …sfuhftÚ eGgfn] b]xfosf s'/fx¿ ;d]t ;Demg'k5{ M–

 of] P]g ;+jt\ @)^% ;fn h]7 !% ut]b]lv nfu" ePsf] .

 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
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@=!=!=! x:tlnlvt u|Gy, lstfj, k|ltj]bg, cfly{s ljj/0f, ;lGw,

;Demf}tf, kq–klqsf, lr6\7Lkq, lnvt, lrq, t:jL/, gS;f,
of]hgf, rf6{, kmfO{n, ldl;n, /lhi6/ jf s'g} k|sfzg .
@=!=!=@ lkmNd, dfOqmf] lkmNd, 6]k -Wjlg /]s8{_, rnlrq, sDKo'6/
l8:s jf sDKo'6/ Sof;]6sf] d"nk|lt jf k|ltlnlk .
@=!=!=# tf8kq, ef]hkq, :j0f{kq, tfd|kq jf lznfkqsf] k|ltlnlk jf
t:jL/ .
@=!=!=$ klxnf] 6fFrf nfu]sf] x'nfs l6s6 tyf dgLc8{/ kmd{, xjfO{
kq / kf]i6 sf8{sf] gofF k|sfzg .
@=!=@ æclen]vÆ eGgfn] /fli6«o clen]vfnodf clen]vsf] ¿kdf ;'/lIft
¿kdf /flvPsf sfuhft / pkbkmf %=!=! adf]lhd btf{ ePsf
sfuhft ;Demg' k5{ .
@=!=# æ/fli6«o clen]vfnoÆ eGgfn] bkmf # adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] /fli6«o
clen]vfno ;Demg'k5{ .
@=!=$ æsfof{noÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf dGqfno tyf ljefu ;Demg'k5{ /
;f] zAbn] ;+j}wflgs cË, k|b]z ;/sf/ jf :yflgo txsf] sfof{no /
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ;do ;dodf u7g ePsf c:yfoL jf cfjlws
cfof]usf] sfof{nonfO{ ;d]t hgfpFg]5 .
@=!=% æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf $ adf]lhd u7g ul/Psf] ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt
;Demg' k5{ .
@=!=^ ætf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsPadf]lhdÆ eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf]
lgoddf tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsPadf]lhd ;Demg'k5{ .

 g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg cg's"n agfpg s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&% 4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
 s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg tyf vf/]h ug]{ P]g, @)&@ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

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#= /fli6«o clen]vfnosf] :yfkgf M

#=! clen]vx¿ Jojl:yt / ;'/lIft tl/sfn] /fVgsf] nflu Ps /fli6«o clen]vfno
/xg]5 .
#=@ of] P]g k|f/De x'g'eGbf cl3 :yfkgf ePsf] /fli6«o clen]vfno o; P]g
adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] dflgg]5 .
$= ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf] u7g M
$=! clen]vx¿ Jojl:yt Pj+ ;'/lIft tl/sfn] /fVg] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n]
/fli6«o clen]vfnonfO{ cfjZos ;/–;Nnfx lbg Ps ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt u7g
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
$=@ ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf a}7s ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw
tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
%= /fli6«o clen]vfnosf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M
%=! /fli6«o clen]vfnosf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M–
%=!=! bkmf ^ / & adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf sfuhft btf{ ug]{,
%=!=@ clen]vx¿ Jojl:yt Pj+ ;'/lIft tl/sfn] /fVg],
%=!=# clen]vx¿ tf]lsPadf]lhd juL{s/0f u/L ;f] sf] ;"lr tof/ ug]{,
%=!=$ cfjZostfg';f/ clen]v 5kfpg] jf k|ltlnlk lgsfNg],
%=!=% s'g} JolQmnfO{ clen]v x]g{ jf ;fg{ lbg] jf k|ltlnlk lbg] ;DaGwdf
cfjZos Joj:yf ug]{,
%=!=^ ;'/lIft tl/sfn] sfuhft /fVg] ;DaGwdf sfof{nonfO{ cfjZos k/fdz{
lbg],
%=!=& /fli6«o clen]vfnosf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsPadf]lhd
x'g]5 .

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^= sfof{non] /fli6«o clen]vfnodf sfuhft k7fpg] ;DaGwdf M

^=! sfof{non] b]xfosf sfuhft ;'/lIft ¿kdf ;+/If0f u/L /fVgsf] nflu /fli6«o
clen]vfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 M–
^=!=! kRrL; jif{ jf ;f] eGbf k'/fgf pkbkmf @=!=!=! / @=!=!=@ df plNnlvt
/fli6«o b[li6sf]0fn] dxTjk"0f{ sfuhft,
^=!=@ tf8kq, ef]hkq, :j0f{kq, tfd|kq jf lznfkqsf] k|ltlnlk jf t:jL/,
^=!=# k|To]s klxnf] 6fFrf nfu]sf] x'nfs l6s6 tyf dgLc8{/ kmd{, xjfO{ kq /
kf]i6 sf8{sf] gofF k|sfzg .
^=@ sfof{non] /fli6«o b[li6sf]0faf6 clen]vsf] ¿kdf ;+/If0f ul/g' kg]{ 7fg]df
b]xfosf sfuhft cjlw tf]sL jf gtf]sL ;'/lIft ¿kdf ;+/If0f u/L /fVgsf]
nflu /fli6«o clen]vfnodf k7fpg ;Sg]5 M–
^=@=! k|ltj]bg, cfly{s ljj/0f, ;lGw ;Demf}tf jf s'g} k|sfzg,
^=@=@ x:tlnlvt u|Gy, lstfj, kq–klqsf, lr7\7Lkq, lnvt lrq jf t:jL/,
^=@=# gS;f, of]hgf, rf6{, kmfOn, ldl;n jf /lhi6/, lkmNd,
^=@=$ lkmNd, dfOqmf] lkmNd -Wjlg /]s8{/, rnlrq jf sDKo'6/ l8:s jf
sDKo'6/ Sof;]6sf d"nk|lt jf k|ltlnlk,
^=@=% pkbkmf ^=@=!, ^=@=@, ^=@=# jf ^=@=$ df pNn]v eP jfx]ssf cGo
sfuhft .
^=# sfof{non] ;/sf/L sfuhft w'Nofpg] ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;/sf/L
sfuh w'NofpFbf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf sfuhft /fli6«o clen]vfnodf k7fpg'
kg]{5 .
^=$ sfof{non] /fli6«o clen]vfnodf sfuhft k7fpFbf ;f] sf] auL{s/0f cg';f/sf]
;"rL ;d]t k7fpg' kg]{5 .
^=% sfof{non] pkbkmf ^=! jf ^=@ adf]lhdsf sfuhft /fli6«o clen]vfnodf
k7fpFbf s'g} vf; cjlw;Dd To:tf sfuhft tf]lsPsf] JolQm afx]s c?
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s;}nfO{ x]g{, ;fg{ jf To;sf] k|ltlnlk lbg gx'g] ePdf ;f] s'/f / To:tf] cjlw
;d]t pNn]v u/L /fli6«o clen]vfnodf /fVg k7fpg' kg]{5 .
^=^ pkbkmf ^=! adf]lhd sfof{non] /fli6«o clen]vfnodf k7fPsf sfuhft ;f]
sfof{non] lkmtf{ lng ;Sg] 5}g .
t/ pkbkmf ^=@ adf]lhd /fli6«o clen]vfnodf k7fPsf sfuhft dWo]
cjlw tf]sL k7fPsf sfuhft To:tf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 ;DalGwt sfof{non]
rfx]df tf]lsPadf]lhd lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 .
^=& pkbkmf ^=! adf]lhd /fli6«o clen]vfnodf k7fOPsf sfuhft h'g sfof{non]
k7fPsf] xf] ;f]xL sfof{nonfO{ cfjZos kg{ uPdf To:tf] sfuhft k'gM /fli6«o
clen]vfnodf lkmtf{ ug]{ u/L tf]lsPsf] cjlw;Ddsf] nflu /fli6«o
clen]vfnon] ;DalGwt sfof{nonfO{ tf]lsPadf]lhd pknJw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
&= /fli6«o clen]vfnodf sfuhft k7fpg ;lsg] M
&=! s'g} JolQmn] cfkm";+u /x]sf] P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, ;flxlTos, cfly{s
jf cGo b[li6sf]0fn] /fli6«o dxTjsf] s'g} sfuhft /fli6«o ;DklQsf] ¿kdf
;'/lIft tl/sfn] ;+/If0f ug{sf] nflu /fli6«o clen]vfnodf k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
&=@ pkbkmf &=! adf]lhd /fli6«o clen]vfnodf k7fPsf sfuhft To:tf] sfuhft
k7fpg] JolQmn] /fli6«o clen]vfnoaf6 lkmtf{ lng kfpg] 5}g .
*= sfuhft Jojl:yt tyf ;'/lIft tl/sfn] /fVg' kg]{ M
*=! sfof{non] cfˆgf]] sfof{nodf ePsf sfuhft Jojl:yt tl/sfn] ;'/lIft ¿kdf
/fVg' kg]{5 .
*=@ pkbkmf *=! adf]lhd sfuhft Jojl:yt tl/sfn] ;'/lIft ¿kdf /fVg]
;DaGwdf ;DalGwt sfof{non] /fli6«o clen]vfno;+u cfjZos k/fdz{ lng
;Sg]5 .
(= lgif]lwt clen]v M
(=! b]xfosf clen]vx¿ lgif]lwt clen]v dflgg]5g\ M–

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(=!=! ;DalGwt sfof{non] cjlw tf]sL jf gtf]sL tf]lsPsf] JolQm afx]s

c¿n] x]g{, ;fg{ jf ;f] sf] k|ltlnlk lng gx'g] u/L ;'/lIft tl/sfn]
/fVgsf] nflu /fli6«o clen]vfnodf k7fPsf sfuhft,
(=!=@ /fli6«o clen]vfnon] cjlw tf]sL jf gtf]sL tf]lsPsf] JolQm afx]s
c?n] x]g{, ;fg{ jf ;f] sf] k|ltlnlk lbg gx'g] u/L /fli6«o b[li6sf]0fn]
lgif]lwt egL tf]lsPsf] clen]vx¿ .
!)= clen]v x]g{ jf ;f] sf] k|ltlnlk lbg ;lsg] M
!)=! s;}n] lgif]lwt clen]v afx]s cGo clen]v x]g{ rfx]df /fli6«o clen]vfnon]
tf]lsPadf]lhd To:tf] clen]v x]g{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
!)=@ s;}n] lgif]lwt clen]v afx]s cGo clen]v ;fg{ jf ;f] sf] k|ltlnlk lng
rfx]df /fli6«o clen]vfnon] tf]lsPadf]lhd b:t"/ lnO{ tf]lsPadf]lhd To:tf]
clen]v ;fg{ jf ;f] sf] k|ltlnlk lbg ;Sg]5 .
!)=# pkbkmf !)=@ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf]
clen]v ljgf b:t"/ ;fg{ jf ;f] sf] k|ltlnlk lbg ;lsg]5 .
!!= clen]vfdf s]/d]6 jf yk36 ug{ gx'g] M
!!=! clen]vx¿ ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{ bfloTj ePsf /fli6«o clen]vfnosf sd{rf/Ln]
To:tf clen]vx¿df s]/d]6 ug{, yk36 ug{ jf pQm clen]v RofTg jf s'g}
lsl;dn] gi6 ug{ x'Fb}g .
!!=@ clen]v x]g]{, ;fg]{ jf k|ltlnlk lng] JolQm jf cGo s;}n] To:tf] clen]vdf
s]/d]6 ug{, yk36 ug{ jf pQm clen]v RofTg jf s'g} lsl;dn] gi6 ug{ x'Fb}g
.
 !!s= k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] clen]vsf] ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ k|b]z /
:yfgLo txn] cfˆgf clen]vx?sf] ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf cfjZos Joj:yf
ug]{5g\ .

 g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg cg's"n agfpg s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&% 4f/f yk .

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-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd clen]vx?sf] ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL Joj:yf
;DalGwt k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!@= b08 ;hfo M
!@=! clen]v ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{ bfloTj ePsf /fli6«o clen]vfnosf sd{rf/Ln] bkmf
( adf]lhdsf] lgif]lwt clen]v tf]lsPsf] JolQm afx]s c?nfO{ x]g{, ;fg{ jf ;f]
sf] k|ltlnlk lbPdf To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ kfFr xhf/ ¿k}ofF;Dd h/Ljfgf jf tLg
jif{;Dd s}b jf b'a} ;hfo x'g]5 .
!@=@ clen]v ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{ bfloTj ePsf /fli6«o clen]vfnosf sd{rf/Ln]
pkbkmf !!=! sf] pNn+3g u/L clen]vdf s]/d]6 jf yk36 u/]df, Roft]df jf
gi6 u/]df To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ kfFr xhf/ ¿k}ofF;Dd h/Ljfgf jf b'O{ jif{;Dd
s}b jf b'a} ;hfo x'g]5 .
!@=# clen]v ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{ bfloTj ePsf /fli6«o clen]vfnosf sd{rf/L afx]s
c? s;}n] pkbkmf !!=@ sf] pNn+3g u/L clen]vdf s]/d]6 jf yk36 u/]df,
Roft]df jf gi6 u/]df lghnfO{ tLg xhf/ ¿k}ofF;Dd h/Ljfgf jf Ps jif{;Dd
s}b jf b'a} ;hfo x'g]5 .
!@=$ pkbkmf !@=!, !@=@ / !@=# df n]lvPb]lv afx]s of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t
ag]sf] lgod ljk/Lt x'g] u/L s;}n] s'g} sfd u/]df lghnfO{ kfFr xhf/
¿k}ofF;Dd h/Ljfgf x'g]5 .
!#= cGo k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sf/jfxL x'g ;Sg] M s;}n] o; P]g cGtu{t s;"/ 7xl/g]
sfd u/]sf]df To:tf] sfd cGo k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd klg s;"/ 7xl/g] /x]5 eg]
To:tf] s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf lghnfO{ cGo k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sf/jfxL ug{ o; P]gdf
n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
!$= ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] M of] P]g cGtu{tsf] d'2f g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g]5 .
!%= lgod agfpg] clwsf/ Mo; P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos
lgodx¿ agfpg ;Sg]5 .

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b|i6JoM s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug{] P]g, @)^# åf/f ?kfGt/0f ul/Psf zAbx? M–
Æ>L %sf] ;/sf/Æ sf] ;§f æg]kfn ;/sf/Æ .