Chapter review 6

1 x = 1 − t 2 , y = t 3 + 1, − 2 ≤ t ≤ 0 3
3 V = π ∫ y 2 dx
0
dx
= −2t ⇒ dx = −2t dt = π ∫ x 4 ( 9 − x 2 ) dx
3
dt 0
0

= π ∫ ( 9 x 4 − x 6 ) dx
3
A= ∫ y dx
−2
0
3
0
 9 x5 x7 
∫ (t + 1) ( −2t ) dt = π − 
3
=
−2  5 7 0
0
−2 ∫ ( t 4 + t ) dt
=  2187 2187 
= π − 
−2  5 7 
0
1 1  4374
−2  t 5 + t 2 
= = π
5 2  −2 35
 1 5 1 2   1 1 2 
−2  ( 0 ) + ( 0 )  −  ( −2 ) + ( −2 )  
5
=
 5 2  5 2  4 a 2 y2 − 6 x + 3 =0
  32  y =0⇒3=6 x ⇒ x= 1
4
=−2  0 −  − + 2  
  5 
44 Curve cuts the x-axis when x = 1
4
= −
5
4
b V = π∫ y 2 dx
x ln ( t + 2 ) , =
2 = y 4t , 3 ≤ t ≤ 13 0.25

(3 )
4
dx 1 1 = π∫ x − 32 dx
= ⇒ dx= dt 0.25
dt t + 2 t+2
3π ∫ ( ) dx
4
13 = x − 12
0.25
A = ∫ y dx 4
= 3π  23 x 2 − 12 x 
3
3
13
  0.25
1
= ∫ ( 4t ) dt = 3π ( ( 163 − 2 ) − ( 121 − 18 ) )
3
t+2
13 = 3π ( 103 + 241 )
t
= 4∫ dt = 3π × 24
81

3
t+2
Let u = t + 2 = 818 π
du
=⇒1 du = dt
dt 5 a f ( x ) = x2 + 4x + 4
13 15
t u−2 y = f ( x ) ⇒ y = x2 + 4x + 4
4∫ dt = 4 ∫   du
t+2 5
u 
( x + 2)
2
3 y
=
15
 2
= 4 ∫ 1 −  du y= x + 2
5
u
15 x
= y −2
= 4 u − 2 ln u  5
( )
2
x2
= y −2
= 4 (15 − 2 ln15 ) − ( 5 − 2 ln 5 ) 
= 4 (10 + 2 ln 5 − 2 ln15 ) x2 =
4−4 y + y

1
= 40 + 8ln  
3
= 40 − 8ln 3

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 9
5 b V = π ∫ x 2 dy 7 b Volume V1 is generated by the curve
4
between O and A
( )
9
= π ∫ 4 − 4 y + y dy 2
V1 = π ∫ y 2 dx
4
0
9
= π 4 y − y + y 
3
8 2 1 2
π 2 2
x ( x + 1) dx
4
 3 4 2 = ∫
16 0
= π ( ( 36 − 72 + 812 ) − (16 − 643 + 8 ) ) π 2 2 4
x ( x + 4 x3 + 6 x 2 + 4 x + 1) dx
16 ∫0
=
= π ( 92 − 83 )
π 2 6
= 116 π =
16 ∫0
( x + 4 x 5 + 6 x 4 + 4 x 3 + x 2 ) dx
2
1
6 V = π ∫ y 2 dx π 1 7 2 6 6 5 1 
=  x + x + x + x 4 + x3 
0
16  7 3 5 3 0
= π ∫ ( x 2 + 3 ) dx
1 2

0 π  128 128 192 8

=  + + + 16 + 
= π ∫ ( x 4 + 6 x 2 + 9 ) dx
1
16  7 3 5 3
0
 8 8 12 1
1 = π  + + +1+ 
= π  15 x 5 + 2 x 3 + 9 x  7 3 5 6
0

= 5π
56
 240 + 560 + 504 + 210 + 35 
= π 
 210 
7 a Substituting x = 2 and y = 4.5 into the 1549
equation of the line gives = π
210
3 × 2 + 4 × 4.5 =24
Substituting x = 2 into the equation of the Volume V2 generated by the line
curve gives
3x + 4 y =24 is a cone with
y = 14 × 2 × ( 2 + 1) = 4.5
2
=r 4.5= and h 6
So (2, 4.5) are the coordinates of the point
of intersection A 1 9
2

V2 = π ×   × 6
3 2
81
= π
2

1549 81 5027
Total volume= π + π= π
210 2 105

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 1 1
1 − 32
8 =
x t ,=
y 2t , 1 ≤ t ≤ 4
2 2 10=x 3t =,y 3
t , 8 ≤ t ≤ 128
3
dx 1 − 12 1 − 12 dx
= t ⇒ dx= t dt = 9t 2 ⇒ dx = 9t 2 dt
dt 2 2 dt
4
0.5
V = π ∫ y 2 dx V = π ∫ y 2 dx
1
0.4
4
1 −1 128
1 
= π ∫ ( 4t ) t 2 dt = π ∫  t −3  9t 2 dt
2 9 
8 
1
4 1
128
= 2π ∫ t 2 dt 1
=π∫ dt
1
8
t
4
 2 32  =π ln t  8
128
= 2π  t 
 3 1 = π ( ln128 − ln 8 )
4  32 3

= π  ( 4 ) − (1) 2  = π ln16
3  
28
=
3
π a I
11= ∫x 4 x − 1 dx
du
Let u = 4 x − 1 ⇒ = 4
x t3, =
9 = y 3t , 0.4 ≤ t ≤ 0.5 dx
u +1
dx I =∫ u du
= 3t 2 ⇒ dx = 3t 2 dt 16
dt 5 3
0.5 2u 2 2u 2
= + +c
V = π ∫ y 2 dx 80 48
0.4
( 4 x − 1) 2 ( 4 x − 1) 2
5 3

0.5
= + +c
= π ∫ ( 9t 2 ) 3t 2 dt 40 24
0.4
0.5
= 27π ∫ t 4 dt b I = ∫ x ln x dx
0.4 du 1
0.5 Let u = ln x ⇒=
1  dx x
= 27π  t 5 
 5  0.4 dv x2
= x⇒v=
27 dx 2
= π ( 0.55 − 0.45 )
5
= 0.3564... x2 x2 1
I= ln x − ∫ × dx
= 0.356 (3 s.f.) 2 2 x
2 2
x x
= ln x − + c
2 4

4sin x cos x
c I =∫ dx
4 − 8sin 2 x
2sin 2 x
I =∫ dx
4 (1 − 2sin 2 x )
2sin 2 x
I =∫ dx
4 cos 2 x
− 14 ln cos 2x + c
=

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 π
1e
12 a I = ∫ x sec 2 x dx
4 13 a I = ∫ 1n x dx
0 1 x2

du du 1
Let u =x ⇒ =1 u = 1n x ⇒ =
dx dx x
dv dv 1 1
= sec 2 x ⇒=
v tan x = 2 ⇒ v =−
dx dx x x
π π

[ x tan x ]04 − ∫ 4 tan x dx

e
=I  1  e 1 
0 ∴I =  − 1n x  − ∫  − 2  dx
π π
π 1  x 1 1  x 
= + ln cos x  04 = + ln e
4 4 2  1  1
=  −  − (0) +  − 
π 1  e  x 1
= − ln 2
4 2 1  1
=− +  −  − (−1)
e  e
4 4
b I =∫ 2
dx 2
1 16 x + 8 x − 3 = 1−
4 4 e
=
16 x + 8 x − 3 ( 4 x + 3)( 4 x − 1)
2
1 A B
4 A B b ≡ +
= + ( x + 1)(2 x − 1) x + 1 2 x − 1
( 4 x + 3)( 4 x − 1) 4 x + 3 4 x − 1 ⇒ 1 ≡ A(2 x − 1) + B( x + 1)
4 A(4 x − 1) + B(4 x + 3)
=
x − 12 ⇒ 1= 3
B ⇒ B= 2
x = 14 ⇒ 4 = 4 B ⇒ B = 1 2 3

x =−1 ⇒ 1 =−3 A ⇒ A =− 13
x =− 34 ⇒ 4 =−4 A ⇒ A =−1
1 1 p 1 p 2
−1 
=I ∫
4
− dx ∴∫ ∫
dx = 
3
+ 3  dx
1 4x −1 4x + 3
1 ( x + 1)(2 x − 1) 1
 2x −1 x + 1 
4 p
= 14 ln 4 x − 1 − ln 4 x + 3 1 1 1 
=  1n 2 x − 1 − 1n x + 1 
= 1
( ln15 − ln19 − ln 3 + ln 7 ) 3 3 1
4
p
= 14 ln 105  1 2x −1 
57 =  1n
= 14 ln 19
35 3 x + 1 1
1  2 p −1   1 1 
= 1n   −  1n 
ln 2 1 3  p +1   3 2 
c I =∫ dx
0 1 + ex
1  4p −2
du = 1n  
Let u =1 + e ⇒ =e x =u − 1
x
3  p +1 
dx
3 1
I =∫ du
2 (u − 1)u

3 1 1
=I ∫  −  du
2 (u − 1) u

3
=ln u − 1 − ln u  2
= ln 2 − ln 3 − ln1 + ln 2
= ln 43

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 2
14 a t = x + 1 ⇒ 2t dt = dx  12 2 1 
x
16 b ∫ f ( x )dx = ∫  x + x − 1 − ( x − 1)2  dx
∴I =∫ x +1
dx
1 1
= ln x + 2ln x − 1 + +c
t2 − 1 2 x −1
= ∫ × 2t dt
t 9
9 1 1 
= ∫ (2t
2
− 2)dt c ∫4 f (=
x)dx  ln x + 2 ln x − 1 +
2 x − 1  4
2 3
= t − 2t + c 9
3
 2 1 
= 1n x( x − 1) +
x − 1  4
3
= 2
3 ( x + 1) 2 − 2 x + 1 + c 
= 2
x + 1( x − 2) + c  1  1
3 = 1n(3 × 64) +  − 1n(2 × 9) + 
 8  3
3 x 3
 3 × 64  1 1
b ∫ dx =  23 ( x − 2) x + 1  = 1n 
0
x +1 0 + −
 2×9  8 3
= ( 23 × 2 ) − ( − 34 ) = 8
3 32 5
= 1n −
3 24
15 a I = ∫ x sin 8 x dx
17 a I = ∫ x ln 2 x dx
2
du
Let u =x ⇒ = 1
dx du 1
Let u = ln 2 x ⇒ =
dv dx x
=sin 8 x ⇒ v =− 81 cos8 x
dx dv 2 x3
= x ⇒v=
I= − 18 x cos8 x + 18 ∫ cos8 x dx dx 3
− 18 x cos8 x + 641 sin 8 x + c
= 1 3 x2
= I x ln 2 x − ∫ dx
3 3
1 3 1
= x ln 2 x − x 3 + c
b I = ∫ x cos8 x dx
2 3 9
3
3 1 1 
du b ∫1 x=2
ln 2 x dx  x 3 ln 2 x − x 3 
Let u =x 2 ⇒ =2 x 2 3 9  12
dx
dv 1
= cos8 x ⇒= v 18 sin 8 x = 9 ln 6 − 3 − 0 +
dx 72
=I 18 x 2 sin 8 x − 82 ∫ x sin 8 x dx 215
= 9 ln 6 −
9
= 1
8 x 2 sin 8 x − 82 ( − 18 x cos8 x + 641 sin 8 x ) + c
= x 2 sin 8 x + 321 x cos8 x − 256 sin 8 x + c 18 a I = ∫ xe dx
1 1 −x
8

du
5x2 − 8x + 1 A B C u =x ⇒ =1
16 a f ( x) ≡ 2
≡ + + dx
2 x( x − 1) x x − 1 ( x − 1) 2 dv
2 2 =e − x ⇒ v =−e − x
⇒ 5 x − 8 x + 1 ≡ 2 A( x − 1) dx
+ 2 Bx( x − 1) + 2Cx ∴I =− xe − x − ∫ (−e − x )dx
x = 0 ⇒1 = 2A ⇒ A = 1
2 i.e. I =
− xe − x − e − x + c
x = 1 ⇒ −2 = 2C ⇒ C = −1

Coefficients of x2: 5 = 2 A + 2 B ⇒ B = 2

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 dy x dy
18 b e x = 20 c When=
x 1,=
y 1, is 1
dx sin 2 y dx

⇒ ∫ sin 2 y dy =
∫ xe dx
−x
d Equation of tangent is:
⇒ − 12 cos 2 y = − xe − x − e − x + c
y − 1= 1( x − 1)
π y=x
x = 0, y = ⇒ 0 = 0 − 1 + c ⇒ c = 1
4 This meets the curve again when:
∴ 2 cos 2 y = xe − x + e − x − 1
1
2
x=
or cos 2=
y 2( xe − x + e − x − 1) 3 − x2
3x − x3 = 2
x3 − 3x + 2 = 0
19 a I = ∫ x sin 2 x dx
( x − 1)( x − 1)( x + 2) =
0
Other point is when x = −2, y =
−2
du
u =x ⇒ =1 i.e. (−2, −2)
dx
dv 4x
=sin 2 x ⇒ v =− 12 cos 2 x 21 a I = ∫ dx
dx (1 + 2 x) 2
∴I =− 12 x cos 2 x − ∫ − 12 cos 2 x dx
u = 1+ 2x
− 12 x cos 2 x + 14 sin 2 x + c
=
du
⇒ = dx and 4 x = 2(u − 1)
dy 2
b = x sin 2 x cos 2 y 2(u − 1) du
dx ∴I ∫
= ×
⇒ ∫ sec 2 y dy = u2 2
∫ x sin 2 x dx
1 
⇒ tan y =
− 12 x cos 2 x + 14 sin 2 x + c = ∫  − u −2  du
u 
π
y =0, x = ⇒ 0 =0 + 14 + c ⇒ c =− 14 1
4 = 1n u + + c
u
∴tan y =− 12 x cos 2 x + 14 sin 2 x − 14
1
= 1n 1 + 2 x + +c
dy 1+ 2x
20 a = x y2
dx
1
⇒ ∫ 2 dy =∫ x dx
y
1 x2
⇒− = +c
y 2
−2
=or y =2
(k 2c)
x +k

−2
b y =1, x =1 ⇒ 1 = ⇒ k =−3
1+ k
2
∴y = 2
3− x
for x 2 ≠ 3 and y > 0, i.e. − 3 < x < 3

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 dy x 23 a I = ∫ x e dx
2 −x
21 b (1 + 2 x) 2 =
dx sin 2 y du
x Let u =x 2 ⇒ =2 x
⇒ ∫ sin 2 y dy = dx
∫ (1 + 2 x) dx dv
=e − x ⇒ v =−e − x
4x dx
⇒ ∫ 4sin 2 y dy = ∫ (1 + 2 x)2 dx − x 2 e − x + 2∫ xe − x dx
I=
⇒ ∫ (2 − 2 cos 2 y ) dy =
I du
Again, let u =x ⇒ =1
1 dx
⇒ 2 y − sin 2 y = ln 1 + 2 x + +c dv
1+ 2x =e − x ⇒ v =−e − x
π π dx
x = 0, y = ⇒ − 1 = ln1 + 1 + c − x 2 e − x − 2 xe − x + 2∫ e − x dx
I=
4 2
π − x 2 e − x − 2 xe − x − 2e − x + c
=
⇒c= −2
2 =−e − x ( x 2 + 2 x + 2 ) + c
1 π
∴ 2 y − sin 2 y = ln 1 + 2 x + + −2
1+ 2x 2 dy
b = x 2 e3 y − x
dx
dy
∫ xe = x 2 e3 y e − x
2x
22 a dx
dx
du ∫e dx = ∫ x 2 e − x d x
−3 y
u =x ⇒ =1
dx
− 13 e −3 y =−e − x ( x 2 + 2 x + 2 ) + c
dv
= e2 x ⇒ v = 1
2 e2 x x = 0, y = 0 ⇒ − 13 = −2 + c ⇒ c = 53
dx
−3 y
e= 3e − x ( x 2 + 2 x + 2 ) − 5
∴ ∫ xe 2 x dx =2 xe
1 2x
− ∫ 12 e 2 x dx
3y = (
− ln 3e − x ( x 2 + 2 x + 2 ) − 5 )
= 1
xe 2 x − 14 e 2 x + c
− ln ( 3e ( x + 2 x + 2 ) − 5)
2 −x 2
y= 1
3
0
−  12 xe 2 x − 14 e 2 x 
A1 = 1
−
2 24 a x2 B C
(
=− ( 0 − 14 ) − ( − 14 e − 14 e −1 −1
)) 2
x −1
≡ A+ +
x −1 x +1
= 1
4 (1 − 2e −1 ) ⇒ x 2 ≡ A( x − 1)( x + 1) + B ( x + 1) + C ( x − 1)
1 x = 1 ⇒ 1 = 2 B ⇒ B = 12
=A2  xe − e 1 2x 1 2x 2
1
2 4 0 x =−1 ⇒ 1 =−2C ⇒ C =− 2
= ( 1
4 e1 − 14 e1 ) − ( 0 − 14 )
Coefficients of x2: 1 = A ⇒ A = 1
= 1
4

A1 4 (1 − 2e )
1 −1
e−2
b = 1 1 − 2e −1 =
=
A2 4 e
∴ A1 : A2 =
(e − 2) : e

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 dx ( x 2 − 1) dy x
24 b =2 26 a =
dt x2 dx k − y

∫ ( k − y ) dy =
2
x
⇒ ∫ 2 dx = ∫ 2 dt ∫ x dx
x −1
(k − y)
2
x2

⇒ ∫ 1 +
( 2)
1
( 1
)
− 2  dx = 2t
− +c =
2 2
 x −1 x +1 
x +(y −k) =
2 2
c
1 x −1
⇒ x + 1n = 2t + c
2 x +1 b Concentric circles with centre (0, 2)
1 1 1 1 du
x = 2, t =1 ⇒ 2 + 1n = 2 + c ⇒ c = 1n 27 a u =+
1 2 x 2 ⇒ du =4 x dx ⇒ x dx =
2 3 2 3 4
1 x −1 1 1 So
∴ x + 1n = 2t + 1n
2 x +1 2 3
u5
∫ x(1 + 2 x ) dx = ∫ 4 du
2 5
dv
25 a = −k V
dt u6 (1 + 2 x 2 )6
= + c1 = + c1
1 24 24
⇒ ∫ dV = ∫ − k dt
V
⇒ 1n V = −kt + C dy
b = x(1 + 2 x 2 )5 cos 2 2 y
dx
⇒V =A1e − kt
⇒ ∫ sec 2 2 y dy = ∫ x(1 + 2 x ) dx
2 5

t = 0, V = A ⇒ V = Ae − kt ( A1 = A)
1 (1 + 2 x 2 )6
tan 2 y =
⇒ + c2
b 2 24
π 1 1 11
y = , x =0 ⇒ = + c2 ⇒ c2 =
8 2 24 24
2 6
(1 + 2 x ) 11
∴tan 2=
y +
12 12

1
28 I = ∫ dx
1 + x2
dx
Let x = tan u ⇒ = sec 2 u
du
1
I =∫ sec 2 u du
c t = T , V = A ⇒ A = Ae
1
2
1
2
− kT 2
1 + tan u
⇒ −1n 2 = −kT
1n 2
⇒ kT = But 1 + tan 2 u =
sec 2 u
So I= ∫ du= u + c
= arctan x + c

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 29 dy
x( x + 2) = y  t 
dx 30 c r = 1.5 ⇒ 2.25 = −6 cos   + 7
1 1  3π 
⇒ ∫ dy = ∫ dx  t 
y x( x + 2) 6 cos   = 4.75
1 A B  3π 
≡ +  t 
x( x + 2) x x + 2 cos   ≈ 0.7917
 3π 
⇒ 1 ≡ A( x + 2) + Bx
t
x = 0 ⇒ 1 = 2A ⇒ A = 1 = 0.6527
2 3π
x =−2 ⇒ 1 =−2 B ⇒ B =− 12 t = 6.19 days

 ( 12 ) ( 12 ) 
So ln y = ∫  −  dx
 x x+2
= 12 ln x − 12 ln x + 2 + c
kx
∴y
= = (c 1
2 ln k )
x+2
2k
x = 2, y = 2 ⇒ 2 = ⇒ 4× 2 = k
4
8x 8x
=∴y = or y 2
x+2 x+2

dA
30 a A = πr 2 ⇒ = 2πr
dr
dr dr dA 1  t 
= × = × k sin  
dt dA dt 2πr  3π 
dr k  t 
= sin  
dt 2πr  3π 

 t 
b ∫ 2πr dr = ∫ k sin  3π  dt
 t 
πr 2 =
−3πk cos   + c
 3π 
 t 
r2 =−3k cos   + c
 3π 

r =1, t =0 ⇒ 1 =−3k + c ⇒ c =3k + 1

3k
r =2, t =π 2 ⇒ 4 =− + 3k + 1
2

 t 
So r 2 =−6 cos   + 6 + 1
 3π 

 t 
r2 =
−6 cos   + 7
 3π 

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Challenge
a

3 3 2
∫−3
f=
( x ) dx ∫−3
f ( x ) dx + 2 × ∫
−1
f ( x ) dx
3
3  x3 x 2 
∫−3 f ( x ) dx =  3 − 2 − 2x = 6
  −3
2
2  x3 x 2  9
∫−1 f ( x) dx =  3 − 2 − 2 x  = 2
−1
3 9
∫−3 f ( x) dx = 6 + 2 × 2 = 15
b

f ( x ) dx= 2 × ∫ f ( x) dx
3 3
∫−3 0
3
3 x x23
 3
∫0 f ( x) dx =
 3 − 2 − 2x =
 0
−
2
 3
∫ f ( x ) dx =2 ×  − 2  =−3
3

−3

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