AN ORGANISM’S DECREASING

A RELATIVELY PERMANENT RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS WITH

CHANGE IN BEHAVIOR DUE TO REPEATED EXPOSURE TO IT
EXPERIENCE
HABITUATION
LEARNING
TYPE OF LEARNING IN WHICH ONE
LEARNING THAT CERTAIN EVENTS LEARNS TO LINK 2 OR MORE
GO TOGETHER STIMULI AND ANTICIPATE EVENTS

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING

IN CC, THE UNLEARNED

THE VIEW THAT PSYCHOLOGY NATURALLY OCCURRING
SHOULD BE AN OBJECTIVE RESPONSE TO THE US
SCIENCE THAT STUDIES
BEHAVIOR WITHOUT REFERENCE
TO MENTAL PROCESSES
UR
BEHAVIORISM
IN CC, A STIMULUS THAT IN CC, THE LEARNED RESPONSE TO
CONDITIONALLY TRIGGERS A A PREVIOUSLY NEUTRAL STIMULUS
RESPONSE

US CR

ALSO KNOWN AS SECOND-ORDER IN CC, THE DIMINISHING OF A CR

CONDITIONING

HIGHER-ORDER CONDITIONING EXTINCTION


THE REAPPEARANCE OF AN
EXTINGUISHED CR
SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY
IN CC, THE LEARNED ABILITY TO
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN A
CONDITIONED STIMULUS AND
STIMULI THAT DO NOT SIGNAL AN
US
DISCRIMINATION
BEHAVIOR THAT OCCURS AS AN
AUTOMATIC RESPONSE TO SOME
STIMULUS
RESPONDENT BEHAVIOR
A TYPE OF LEARNING IN WHICH
BEHAVIOR IS STRENGTHENED IF
FOLLOWED BY A REINFORCER OR
DIMINISHED IF FOLLOWED BY A
PUNISHER
OPERANT CONDITIONING
ALSO KNOWN AS A SKINNER BOX
OPERANT CHAMBER
THE TENDENCY FOR STIMULI
SIMILAR TO THE CONDITIONED
STIMULUS TO ELICIT RESPONSES
GENERALIZATION
THE HOPELESSNESS AND PASSIVE
RESIGNATION A PERSON LEARNS
WHEN UNABLE TO AVOID
REPEATED AVERSIVE EVENTS
LEARNED HELPLESSNESS
BEHAVIOR THAT OPERATES ON
THE ENVIRONMENT, PRODUCING
CONSEQUENCES
OPERANT BEHAVIOR
THORNDIKE’S PRINCIPLE THAT
BEHAVIORS FOLLOWED BY
FAVORABLE CONSEQUENCES
BECOME MORE LIKELY, AND VICE
VERSA
LAW OF EFFECT
OPERANT CONDITIONING
PROCEDURE IN WHICH
REINFORCERS GUIDE BEHAVIOR
TOWARD THE DESIRED BEHAVIOR
SHAPING
IN OC, A STIMULUS THAT ELICITS A IN OC, ANY EVENT THAT
RESPONSE AFTER ASSOCIATION
WITH REINFORCEMENT
DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS
INCREASING BEHAVIORS BY
PRESENTING POSITIVE STIMULI
SUCH AS FOOD
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
AN INNATELY REINFORCING
STIMULUS, SUCH AS ONE THAT
SATISFIES A BIOLOGICAL NEED
PRIMARY REINFORCER
REINFORCING THE DESIRED
RESPONSE EVERY TIME IT
OCCURS
CONTINUOUS REINFORCEMENT
A REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE
THAT REINFORCES A RESPONSE
ONLY AFTER A SPECIFIED NUMBER
OF RESPONSES
FIXED-RATIO
STRENGTHENS THE BEHAVIOR IT
FOLLOWS
REINFORCER
INCREASING BEHAVIORS BY
STOPPING NEGATIVE STIMULI SUCH
AS SHOCK
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
A STIMULUS THAT GAINS ITS
REINFORCING POWER THROUGH
ITS ASSOCIATION WITH A PRIMARY
REINFORCER
CONDITIONED OR SECONDARY
REINFORCER
REINFORCING A RESPONSE ONLY
PART OF THE TIME
PARTIAL OR INTERMITTENT
REINFORCEMENT
A REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE
THAT REINFORCES A RESPONSE
AFTER AN UNPREDICTABLE
NUMBER OF RESPONSES
VARIABLE RATIO
A REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE
THAT REINFORCES A RESPONSE
ONLY AFTER A SPECIFIED PERIOD
OF TIME HAS PASSED
FIXED-INTERVAL
AN EVENT THAT DECREASES THE
BEHAVIOR THAT FOLLOWS IT
A REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE
THAT REINFORCES A RESPONSE AT
UNPREDICTABLE TIME INTERVALS
VARIABLE-INTERVAL
A MENTAL REPRESENTATION OF
THE LAYOUT OF ONE’S
ENVIRONMENT

PUNISHMENT
COGNITIVE MAP

LEARNING THAT OCCURS BUT IS A SUDDEN AND OFTEN NOVEL

NOT APPARENT UNTIL THERE IS AN REALIZATION OF THE SOLUTION TO
INCENTIVE TO DEMONSTRATE IT A PROBLEM

LATENT LEARNING INSIGHT

A DESIRE TO PERFORM A A DESIRE TO PERFORM A
BEHAVIOR EFFECTIVELY FOR ITS BEHAVIOR TO RECEIVE PROMISED
OWN SAKE REWARDS OR AVOID THREATENED
PUNISHMENT

INTRINSIC MOTIVATION EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

THE PROCESS OF OBSERVING AND

LEARNING BY OBSERVING OTHERS IMITATING A SPECIFIC BEHAVIOR

OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING MODELING

FRONTAL LOBE NEURONS THAT POSITIVE, CONSTRUCTIVE
FIRE WHEN PERFORMING BEHAVIOR
CERTAIN ACTIONS OR WHEN
OBSERVING ANOTHER DOING SO

MIRROR NEURONS PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR

SUBJECT IN JOHN WATSON’S RESEARCHED TASTE AVERSION
EXPERIMENT

LITTLE ALBERT JOHN GARCIA

RESEARCHER FAMOUS FOR HIS DEVELOPED CLASSICAL
BOBO DOLL EXPERIMENT CONDITIONING

ALBERT BANDURA IVAN PAVLOV

WATSON’S ASSISTANT PIONEER OF OPERANT
CONDITIONING

ROSALIE RAYNER B F SKINNER

EMPHASIZED EXTERNAL
DISCOVERED THE CONCEPT OF BEHAVIORS OF PEOPLE AND THEIR
THE LAW OF EFFECT REACTIONS TO A GIVEN SITUATION

EDWARD THORNDIKE JOHN WATSON

OCCURS WHEN WE GET USED TO A THE PROCESS OF LEARNING
CONTINUOUS UNCHANGING ASSOCIATIONS
STIMULUS
ADAPTATION
CS PRECEDED THE US, BUT THEY
OVERLAP JUST A BIT. BEST FOR
CONDITIONING
DELAYED CONDITIONING
CS OCCURS AT THE SAME TIME AS
THE US. NOT GOOD; POOR
CONDITIONING
SIMULTANEOUS CONDITIONING
ADMINISTER AN AVERSIVE
STIMULUS
POSITIVE PUNISHMENT
CONDITIONING
CS PRECEDED THE US BUT THEY
DON’T OVERLAP. LONGER THE
DELAY THE MORE DIFFICULT THE
CONDITIONING
TRACE CONDITIONING
CS FOLLOWS THE US. LITTLE TO
NO CONDITIONING TAKES PLACE
UNLESS THE RESPONSE IS
BIOLOGICALLY PREDISPOSED
BACKWARD CONDITIONING
WITHDRAW A DESIRABLE
STIMULUS
NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT