Theodolite Traverse Report

KAMPUS PERLIS
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING & SURVEYING
DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING SCIENCES & GEOMATICS
DIPLOMA IN GEOMATIC SCIENCES/AP120
THEODOLITE TRAVERSE REPORT
COURSE INTRODUCTORY SURVEYING

COURSE CODE GEO 100
SEMESTER JUN-OCTOBER
GROUP APD1Ca
TOPIC THEODOLITE TRAVERSE REPORT
LECTURER MS. NOR SUHAIDA BT YUSOF
SUMISSION DATE 22 SEPTEMBER 2014
MARKS
GROUP MEMBER: MATRIC ID
1. ALIF HAKIMI BIN AHMAD RAFIE ( 2014676326 )

2. MUHAMMAD SYAWAL BIN SABRI ( 2014606664 )
3. MOHAMAD FAIZ BIN MOHD ZAIM ( 2014462674 )
4. MUHAMMAD RAFIUDDIN BIN MOHD SHARIF ( 2014652552 )
5. JAZMIERA TASHA BINTI JAMALUDIN ( 2014496994 )
6. NURUL FARZANA BINTI MAHADZIR ( 2014850096 )
1
CONTENT
CONTENT PAGE
ABSTRACT / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
INTRODUCTION 4
AIM / OBJECTIVE 5
STUDY AREA 6
INSTRUMENTS USED 7
METHODOLOGY 10
RESULT AND ANALYSIS 14
CONCLUSION 23
REFERENCES 30
APPENDICES 31
2
INTRODUCTORY SURVEYING
PRACTICAL REPORT 1
TRAVERSE
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this traversing project is to study what is traverse using the theodolite. The
project was conducted around Universiti Teknologi Mara, Perlis. The project had been done
for three weeks. Along this project we are able apply skill using in compass for datum
information, become familiar with reading and booking using theodolite instrument, able
apply skill using in compass for datum information and be able apply skill using tape for
distance.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to all those who gave our the possibility
to complete this report. A special thanks to our lecturer, Ms. Nor Suhaida Bt Yusof, whose
help, stimulating suggestions and encouragement, helped us to coordinate our Traverse
especially in writing this report. We’re would also like to acknowledge with much
appreciation the staff store Geomatics , who gave the permission to use all instruments and
the necessary material to complete the Traverse. A special thanks goes to our team mate, Alif
Hakimi B. Ahmad Rafie ,Muhammad Syawal B. Sabri, Mohamad Faiz B. Mohd Zaim,
Muhammad Rafiuddin B. Mohd Sharif, Jazmiera Tasha Bt Jamaludin , and Nurul Farzana Bt
Mahadzir who to assemble the parts and gave suggestion about Traverse .Last but not least,
we would to appreciate all our classmate were given the supported and spirits to finish our last
report for this semester .
3
Introduction:
Surveying has traditionally been defined as the science, art ,technology of determining
relative positions of point above, on or beneath the surface of the earth, or establishing
such point. In a more general sense, however, surveying can be regarded as that
discipline which encompasses all method for gathering and processing information
about the physic earth and environment.
Thedolite is the commonly used surveying instrument for making horizontal

angle vertical angle. It is very precise instrument in measuring angle and can be used
for various purposes.
we desired to make a study of using theodelite traverse to search for us.We take
calculation study period for 3 weeks to prepare this study. For 3 weeks we faced
various obstacles in preparing all assignment are given, with the cooperation of our
collection debuted experts prepare the entire period of the study period given. We
were happy to prepare any assignment . This prepare meaningful assignment given us
victorious spend our universe 1 with victorious.
4
AIM:
 To study what is traverse using the theodolite almost to complete my last assignment
in this sem. However , it can help us for a carry mark before final examination.
OBJECTIVE:
 To become familiar with reading and booking using theodolite instrument

 To be able apply skill using in compass for datum information
 To be able apply skill using tape for distance
 To will enquire knowledge and skill in computing adjusment for traverse work
 To will able to apply theory learn in class on how to calculate angular and linear
misclosure of the traverse
 To will enquire knowledge and skill in plotting the traverse
STUDY AREA / LOCATION:
 All field work is to be conducted in University Teknologi Mara, PERLIS
5
INSTRUMENT USED:
 1× Prismatic compass
 3× Plumbob
 1× Tape
 1×Hammer
 1×Theodolite
6
 5× Picket
 3×Tripod
Prismatic compass
 Function:
- Read horizontal bearing from magnetic north to take the initial value for
traverse the known value of traverse
- Observe from station 1 to station 5.
 Picture:
Plumb bob
 Function:
- To make sure the instrument potion is correctly setup on the station
point.
 Picture:
Tape
 Function:
- to measure distance
 picture:
7
Hammer
 Function:
- to knock the picket into the soil
 picture:
Theodolite
 Function:
- to measure the horizontal angle
- to measure the vertical angle
 Picture:
Picket
 Function:
- to make as a station
 Picture:
8
Tripod
 Function:
- to place the theodolite on the tripod
- to place the plum bob at the tripod
- to make temporary reference point of station
- to make temporary adjustment on tripod
 picture:
METHODOLOGY
 Do reconnissance survey:
Reconnissance servey is a compulsary in every survey work. Among the purpose of
the reconnissance are
 -To get the overview about the project site
 -To decide the best layout
 -To make planning efficiently
 -To marking the station.
9
 Choose 5 station on the site area to used as traverse station
Criteria of choosing the good station for field work/ survey are
 -The number of station should be kept to the minimum
 -The line of sight should be as long as possible
 -The ground around stations must be stable
 -The station should be positioned so that the surroundings features and details
can be
 easily be measured or set out by direct taping
 -The stations should be clearly indivisible
 -Stations should be selected where the theodolite is not liable to be demaged or
 Disturbed
 -Route should be as direct as possible without reducing efficiency of
positioning
 control
 -Traverse line should not cross each other
 Get the datum

Measured the bearing from station 1-5 using magnetic compass and used the data
(bearing) as a datum.
 Temporary adjusment
-Temporary adjustment of an adjustment refers to those adjustments that are required

to be made each setting before measuring angle and distance. They are necessary for
the proper setting of the instrument so that the instrument is fit for observation. This
process involves the following operation:
-Setting up a theodolite
i) Setting up the tripod, made the legs are spaced at equally internals and the head
is approximately level. Set the tripod so that the head is positioned over the
surveying point. Make sure the tripod shoes a firmly fixed in the ground.
ii) Install the instrument. Place the instrument on the tripod head. Supporting it with
one hand, tighten the centering screw on the bottom of the nit to make sure it is
secured to he tripod.
- Centering and leveling a theodolite
i. Focus on the surveying points or station. Looking through the optical plummet
eyepiece, turn the optical plummet eyepiece to focus on the reticle. Turn the
optical plummet focusing ring to focus on the surveying point.
10
ii. Centre the surveying point or station the reticle. Adjust leg of the tripod to center
the surveying point or station in the optical plummet reticle.
iii. Center the bubble in the circular level by either shortening the tripod leg closest
to the off center direction of the bubble or by lengthening the tripod leg farthest
from the off center direction of the bubble. Adjust one more tripod leg to center
the bubble.
iv. Center the bubble in the plat level. Loosen the horizontal clamp to turn the upper
part of the instrument until the level is parallel to a line between leveling foot
screw A and B. center the air bubble using the leveling the foot screws A and B.
the bubble moves toward a clockwise rotated leveling foot screw.
v. Turn 90 degrees and center the bubble. Turn the upper part of the instrument
though 90 degrees. The plate level is now perpendicular to a line between level
foot screw A and B. center the air bubble using leveling foot screw C.
vi. Turn another 90 degrees and check bubble position. Turn thee upper part
instrument a further 90 degree and check to see if the bubble is still in the center
of the plate level. If the bubble off center, perform following:
a) Turn leveling foot screw A and B equally in opposite direction to remove half
of the bubble displacement.
b) Turn the upper part a further 90 degree and use leveling foot screw C to
remove half of the displacement in this direction or adjust the plate level
vii. Check to see if the bubble is in the same position in any direction. Turn the
instrument and check to see if the air bubble is in the same position in all
direction, if is not, repeat the leveling procedure.
viii. Center the instrument over the surveying point. Loosen the centering screw
slightly. Looking through the optical plummet eyepiece, slide the instrument
over tripod head until the surveying point is exactly centered in the reticle.
Retighten the centering screw securely.
ix. Check again to make sure the bubble in the plate level is centered. If do not
repeat the procedure.
- Removing parallax
i) Focusing on the reticle. Look through the telescope eyepiece at a bright and
featureless background. Turn the eyepiece clockwise, the counterclockwise little
by little until just before the reticle image becomes focused. Using these
procedures, frequent reticle refocusing is not necessary since your eye is focused
at infinity.
ii) Sight the target. Loosen the vertical and horizontal clamps, and use the peep
sight to bring the target into the field of view. Tighten both clamps.
11
iii) Focus on the target. Turn the telescope focusing ring to focus in the target. Turn
the vertical and horizontal slow motion screw to align the target with the reticle.
The last adjustment of each slow motion screw should be in the clockwise
direction.
iv) Readjust the focus until is no parallax. Readjust the focus with the focusing ring
until there is no parallax between the target image and the reticle.
 Key in the datum (compass bearing) into the theodolite
-Find the back bearing value, from the station 1 to station the value can from the previous
measurement or from Prismatic compass.
 Measured the distance using tape for all traverse line
-The length of each line traverse must be measured, and it can be done by simplest
method (tape, chain and electromagnetic distance measurement) and most economical
method capable of satisfying the required precision of the given project. Their speed,
convenience and accuracy make the EDM instrument the most often used although
chain and tape or other method popular can be employed.
-In the calculation of the rectangle or polar coordinate the horizontal length of every
line is required. If using EDM, its can give reading either horizontal (HD) or slope distance
(SD). If EDM measured slope distance, it should be converting to horizontal distance (HD).
Vertical angle should be taken if slope distance is measured. Formula to converting slope
distance (SD) to horizontal distance (HD) is; HD = SD cosine BEARING
 Compute the angular misclosure

 Compute the latitudes and departures of all traverse line
 Compute the adjusment using Bowditch method and also Transit method
 Compute the coordinates of all traverse line. Assume 2 station coordinate are
N1000.00, E1000.00
 Prepare a survey paln showing in A3 scaled and oriented plan
12
Result AND ANALYSIS :
Datum from assuming bearing from line 2-1 is 230 o58’00”
STATIONS FACE LEFT FACE RIGHT MEAN DISTANCE
1 230o58’00” 50o58’00”
2 96o44’00” 34 m
o o
3 96 44’00” 276 44’00” 32”
96o44’32”
2 276o44’00” 96o44’00”
3 242o24’40” 34 m
o o
4 242 24’40” 62 24’40” 1’04”
242o25’44”
13
3 62o24’40” 242o24’40”
4 180o29’40” 16 m
o o
5 180 29’20” 00 29’40” 2’06”
o
180 31’46”
4 00o 29’00” 180o29’00”

5 296o59’40” 32.8 m
o o
1 296 59’40” 16 59’40” 2’08”
o
297 o1’48”
5 116o 59’40” 296o59’40”

1 50o55’20” 33.1 m
o o
2 50 54’00” 230 56’40” 2’40”
50o58’00”
Bearing line 1-2 is 230o58’00”
Suppose line 1-2 is 230o55’20”
Close error = 230o58’00”-230o55’20”
=0o2’40”
Correction =0o2’40”
=0o00’32”
LINE BEARING DISTANCE LATITUDES DEPARTURES ADJUSTED ADJUSTED COORDINATES

(m) LATITUDES DEPARTURES (N/S) (E/W)
(+0.001) (+0.001) -3.998 33.772
o
2-3 96 44’ 32” 34.0 +0.005 +0.006 -3.997 33.771 996.002 1033.772
-3.992 33.765
+0.005 -0.006
3-4 242o 25’ 44” 34.0 -15.737 -30.139 -15.742 -30.133 980.260 1003.639
+0.002 -0.003
4-5 180o 31’ 46” 16.0 -15.999 -0.148 -16.001 -0.145 964.259 1003.494
-0.005 -0.006
14
5-1 297o 01’ 48” 32.8 14.906 -29.217 14.901 -29.211 979.160 974.283
-0.005 +0.006
1-2 50 o 58’ 00” 33.1 20.845 25.711 20.840 25.717 1000.000 1000.000
0 0
Σ 149.900 Σ 0.023 Σ -0.028 0.001 -0.001
i) Calculation of latitude and departures

LATITUDES=L COS ө
DEPARTURES=L SIN ө
CALCULATION OF LATITUDES
LATITUDES OF LINE 1-2
=33.1 COS 50°58’00”
=20.845
15
=34.0 COS 96°44’32”
=-3.992
=34.0 COS 242°25’44”
=-15.737
=16.0 COS 180°31’46”
=-15.999
=32.8 COS 297°01’48”
=14.906
CALCULATION OF DEPARTURES
DEPARTURES OF LINE 1-2
=33.1 SIN 350°58’00”
=25.711
=34.0 SIN 96°44’32”
=33.765
16
=34.0 SIN 242°25’44”
=-30.139
=16 SIN 180°31’46”
=-0.148
=32.8 SIN 297°01’48”
=-29.217
ii) TRAVERSE ADJUSMENT
A) BOWDITCH METHOD
ADJUSTED LATITUDES = + (DISTANCE X LATITUDES MISCLOSURE /TOTAL

LENGTH)
LATITUDES MISCLOSURE= NORTH LATITUDES- SOUTH LATITUDES
ADJUSTED LATITUDES
DEPARTURES MISCLOSURE DISTANCE 1-2 =33.1
=33.1 X 0.023 / 149.9
CORRECTION =+ 0.005
Adjusted Latitudes = 20.845 – 0.005
17
=20.840
ADJUSTED LATITUDES OF STATION 2-3
DISTANCE 2-3 =34.0
=34.0 X 0.023 / 149.9
CORRECTION = + 0.005+(0.001) error
=±0.006
Adjusted Latitudes = -3.997 + 0.001
=3.998
DISTANCE 3-4=34.0
=34.0 X 0.023 / 149.9
CORRECTION = + 0.005
=-15.742
DISTANCE 4-5=16
=16 X 0.023 / 149.9
=-16.001
DISTANCE 5-1=32.8
=32.8 X 0.023 / 149.9
Adjusted Latitudes = 14.906 – 0.005
=14.901
18
ADJUSTED DEPARTURES
ADJUSTED DEPARTURES = + (DISTANCE X DEPARTURES MISCLOSURE

/TOTAL LENGTH)
DEPARTURES MISCLOSURE = EAST LATITUDES- WEST LATITUDES
DEPARTURES MISCLOSURE OF STATION 1-2
DISTANCE 1-2 =33.1
=33.1 X 0.028 / 149.9
Adjusted Departures = 25.711 + 0.006
=25.717
DISTANCE 2-3 = 34.0
=34.0 X 0.028 / 149.9
CORRECTION = + 0.006 + (0.001) error
= ±0.007
Adjusted Departures = 33.771 + 0.001
=33.772
DISTANCE 3-4 = 34.0
=34.0 X 0.028 / 149.9
Adjusted Departures = 30.139 – 0.006
=-30.133
19
DISTANCE 4-5 = 16
=16 X 0.028 / 149.9
Adjusted Departures = -0.148 – 0.003
=-0.145
DISTANCE 5-1 = 32.8
=32.8 X 0.028 / 149.9
Adjusted Departures = -29.217 – 0.006
=-29.211
Linear Misclosure = √(0.023)² + (-0.028)²

149.900
= 0.0002417
= 1 : 4136
= 1 : 14100
CALCULATION OF THE FINAL COORDINATES
20
COORDINATE STATION 1
N 1000.00 , E 1000.00
N2 = 1000.00 + (-3.998) E2= 1000.00 + 33.772
= 996.002 =1033.772
N3= 996.002 + (-15.742) E3= 1033.772 +(-30.133)
= 980.260 =1003.639
N4 = 980.260 +(-16.001) E4= 1003.639 +(-0.145)
=964.259 =1003.494
N5 = 964.259 + 14.901 E5= 1003.494 +(-29.211)
= 979.160 = 974.283
N1 = 979.160 + 20.840 E1= 974.283 + 25.717
=1000.00 =1000.00
Area Of Traverse = ½ (TN-TE)
TN=(1000 X 1033.772) + (996.002 X 1003.639) + (980.260 X 1003.494 ) +

(964.259 X 974.283 ) + (979.160 X 1000 )
=4935704.631
TE=(1000 X 996.002 ) + ( 1033.772 X 980.260 ) + (1003.639 X 964.259 ) + (1003.494 X

979.160 ) + (974.283 X 1000 )
=4933999.464
21
Area Of Traverse = ½ (TN-TE)
= ½ (4935704.631 – 4933999.464)
=852.58 m²
CONCLUSION.
Based on the theodelite traverse report, we know that not easy to do traverse properly without
mistakes. A traverse is a survey where the bounderies of something is established or set up. In
survey explanation,traverse is defined based the field operation of measuring the lenghts and
the direction of a series of straight lines connecting a series of point is called a traverse station
or control point.
Traverse can be divided into two,open traverse and closed traverse. Open traverse do not
close or end at point of known coordinate which should be avoided inconducting travesing.
Closed traverses are consecutive lines that begin and end points of known coordinates.When
the starting and ending points are the same ,we may refer it as loop traverse.
22
The accuracy of traverse is dependable to the instrument or equipment measuring
teechniques. For first class traverse are, the maximum misclosure or alloawable misclosure is
in 1’30’’ and the fractional error is 1:8000. However, for second class traverse, the maximum
misclosure is 2’30’’ and the fractional linear error is 1:4000. The control traverse we
conducting should be a first class traverse.
INDIVIDUAL COMMENT.
ALIF HAKIMI B. AHMAD RAFIE

2014676326
Honestly,I want to confess that all of our group members were in full of commitment while
doing the traverse in theodelite.Muhammad Rafiuddin B. Mohd Sharif, Mohamad Faiz B.
Mohd Zaim , and me have shown their determination in doing the calculation. Muhammad
23
Syawal B. Sabri , Jazmiera Tasha Binti Jamaludin , Nurul Farzana Binti Mahadzir were taking
the bearing from the theodelite.
Rating (from 0-10) for my group members according to their

commitment,leadership,attendances.
Bil
Name Commitment. Leadership. Attendances.
1 Muhammad Syawal B. Sabri 10 9 10
2 Nurul Farzana Binti Mahadzir 10 9 10
3 Jazmiera Tasha Binti Jamaludin 10 9 10
4 Muhammad Rafiuddin B. Mohd Sharif 10 9 10
5 Mohamad Faiz B. Mohd Zaim 10 9 10
INDIVIDUAL COMMENT.
MUHAMMAD SYAWAL B. SABRI

2014606664
24
Mohd Zaim , and me have shown their determination in doing the calculation. Alif Hakimi B.
Ahmad Rafie , Jazmiera Tasha Binti Jamaludin , Nurul Farzana Binti Mahadzir were taking

Bil
1 Alif Hakimi B. Ahmad Rafie 10 9 10
INDIVIDUAL COMMENT.
MOHAMAD FAIZ B. MOHD ZAIM

2014462674
Honestly,I would like to state that all of our group members were in full of commitment while
doing the traverse in theodelite.Muhammad Rafiuddin B. Mohd Sharif, Muhammad Syawal
B. Sabri , and me have shown their determination in doing the calculation. Alif Hakimi B.
25
Ahmad Rafie , Jazmiera Tasha Binti Jamaludin , Nurul Farzana Binti Mahadzir were taking

Bil
INDIVIDUAL COMMENT.
MUHAMMAD RAFIUDDIN B. MOHD SHARIF

2014652552
doing the traverse in theodelite.Muhammad Syawal B. Sabri , Mohamad Faiz B. Mohd Zaim ,
26
and me have shown their determination in doing the calculation. Alif Hakimi B. Ahmad
Rafie , Jazmiera Tasha Binti Jamaludin , Nurul Farzana Binti Mahadzir were taking the
bearing from the theodelite.

Bil
INDIVIDUAL COMMENT.
JAZMIERA TASHA BT. JAMALUDIN

2014496994
27
Ahmad Rafie , Muhammad Syawal B. Sabri , Nurul Farzana Binti Mahadzir were taking the

Bil
INDIVIDUAL COMMENT.
NURUL FARZANA BT. MAHADZIR

2014850096
28
Ahmad Rafie , Jazmiera Tasha Binti Jamaludin , Muhammad Syawal B. Sabri were taking the

Bil
REFERENCES
1. Surveying ,1982 / by Narinder Singh
2. Surveying a Construction,2006 / by William Irvine and Finlay Madennan
3. Surveying Theory and Practice , 1966 / by Raymond E.Davis, Francis S. Foote and Joe
W.Kelly
4. Surveying and Mapping for field , 1994 / by William Ritchie
5. Surveying , 2004 / by Jack McCormac
6. Surveying ,1998 / by Arthur Bannister, Stanley Raymond and Raymond Baker

29
APPENDICES :
30

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KAMPUS PERLIS

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING & SURVEYING

DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING SCIENCES & GEOMATICS

DIPLOMA IN GEOMATIC SCIENCES/AP120

THEODOLITE TRAVERSE REPORT

COURSE INTRODUCTORY SURVEYING

GROUP MEMBER: MATRIC ID

1. ALIF HAKIMI BIN AHMAD RAFIE ( 2014676326 )

RESULT AND ANALYSIS 14

Thedolite is the commonly used surveying instrument for making horizontal

 To become familiar with reading and booking using theodolite instrument

STUDY AREA / LOCATION:

 All field work is to be conducted in University Teknologi Mara, PERLIS

 Get the datum

-Temporary adjustment of an adjustment refers to those adjustments that are required

- Centering and leveling a theodolite

 Key in the datum (compass bearing) into the theodolite

 Measured the distance using tape for all traverse line

 Compute the angular misclosure

Datum from assuming bearing from line 2-1 is 230 o58’00”

STATIONS FACE LEFT FACE RIGHT MEAN DISTANCE

4 00o 29’00” 180o29’00”

5 116o 59’40” 296o59’40”

Bearing line 1-2 is 230o58’00”

Suppose line 1-2 is 230o55’20”

Close error = 230o58’00”-230o55’20”

LINE BEARING DISTANCE LATITUDES DEPARTURES ADJUSTED ADJUSTED COORDINATES

i) Calculation of latitude and departures

LATITUDES OF LINE 1-2

=33.1 COS 50°58’00”

LATITUDES OF LINE 2-3

LATITUDES OF LINE 3-4

=34.0 COS 242°25’44”

LATITUDES OF LINE 4-5

=16.0 COS 180°31’46”

LATITUDES OF LINE 5-1

=32.8 COS 297°01’48”

DEPARTURES OF LINE 1-2

=33.1 SIN 350°58’00”

DEPARTURES OF LINE 2-3

=34.0 SIN 96°44’32”

DEPARTURES OF LINE 3-4

DEPARTURES OF LINE 4-5

=16 SIN 180°31’46”

DEPARTURES OF LINE 5-1

=32.8 SIN 297°01’48”

ii) TRAVERSE ADJUSMENT

ADJUSTED LATITUDES = + (DISTANCE X LATITUDES MISCLOSURE /TOTAL

LATITUDES MISCLOSURE= NORTH LATITUDES- SOUTH LATITUDES

DEPARTURES MISCLOSURE DISTANCE 1-2 =33.1

=33.1 X 0.023 / 149.9

Adjusted Latitudes = 20.845 – 0.005

ADJUSTED LATITUDES OF STATION 2-3

DISTANCE 2-3 =34.0

=34.0 X 0.023 / 149.9

CORRECTION = + 0.005+(0.001) error

Adjusted Latitudes = -3.997 + 0.001

ADJUSTED LATITUDES OF STATION 3-4

=34.0 X 0.023 / 149.9

Adjusted Latitudes = -15.737 + 0.005

ADJUSTED LATITUDES OF STATION 4-5

=16 X 0.023 / 149.9

Adjusted Latitudes = -15.999 + 0.002