EKONOMI SPM

Bahagian A

[60 markah]
Jawab semua soalan.

1 (a) Rajah berikut menunjukkan keluk kemungkinan pengeluaran sebuah firma.

Barang P

M

0
Barang Q

Jelaskan keadaan kombinasi pengeluaran di titik M. [3 markah]

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

(b) Maklumat berikut berkaitan suatu ciri sistem ekonomi bagi Negara Z.

Individu atau firma tidak bebas memiliki faktor pengeluaran

seperti tanah, buruh, modal dan usahawan.

(i) Apakah sistem ekonomi yang diamalkan oleh negara tersebut. [1 markah]

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

MPP 2 2
EKONOMI SPM

(ii) Jelaskan ciri lain sistem ekonomi tersebut. [3 markah]

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

(iii) Terangkan sistem ekonomi tersebut menyelesaikan masalah asas ekonomi. [4 markah]

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

(c) Dengan bantuan gambar rajah yang sesuai, jelaskan hukum penawaran. [5 markah]

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

MPP 2 3
 EKONOMI SPM

(d) Rajah berikut menunjukkan hubungan antara harga Barang X dengan kuantiti permintaan
Barang Y.

Harga barang X(RM)

0 20 30 kuantiti barang Y(unit)

Jelaskan hubungan antara Barang X dengan Barang Y. [4 markah]

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

2 (a) Jadual berikut menunjukkan permintaan dan penawaran bagi susu kambing.

Harga (RM) Kuantiti Diminta (unit) Kuantiti Ditawar(unit)

5.25 175 130
5.50 150 150
5.75 125 170
6.00 100 190

(i) Tentukan harga dan kuantiti keseimbangan pasaran susu kambing. [2 markah]

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

MPP 2 4
EKONOMI SPM

(ii) Jelaskan keadaan pasaran susu kambing pada harga RM 5.75. [3 markah]
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

(b) Jadual berikut menunjukkan peratus perubahan kuantiti diminta dan peratus perubahan harga bagi
dua jenis barang.

Barang Peratus Perubahan Peratus Perubahan Harga

Kuantiti Diminta (%) (%)
A 20 10
B 5 10

(i) Hitungkan nilai keanjalan harga permintaan bagi barang A dan B. [3 markah]

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Tafsirkan nilai keanjalan harga permintaan bagi barang B. [3 markah]

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

(c) Bandingkan antara deposit tabungan dengan deposit tetap. [5 markah]

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

MPP 2 5
 EKONOMI SPM

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

(d) Maklumat di bawah berkaitan faktor pemilihan pekerjaan oleh Haziq.

Haziq berkelulusan SPM adalah anak seorang pegawai kerajaan dan tinggal di
Kemaman Terengganu. Enam bulan lepas, beliau telah bekerja sebagai pencuci
bangunan tinggi di sebuah syarikat di Kuala Lumpur dengan gaji RM 2200,
Sekarang Haziq telah bertukar kerja sebagai kerani di sebuah jabatan kerajaan di
Kemaman dengan gaji RM 1500.

Mengapakah Haziq mengambil tindakan tersebut? [4 markah]

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

3 (a) Jadual berikut menunjukkan kos pengeluaran firma Ros Aina Family.

Output Jumlah Kos Kos Purata Kos Marginal

(unit) (unit) (unit) (unit)
0 100 - -
1 150 150 50
2 190 95 40
3 210 X 20
4 240 60 Y
5 310 62 70
6 420 70 110

MPP 2 6
EKONOMI SPM

(i) Berapakah nilai X dan nilai Y [2 markah]

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Jelaskan hubungan antara output dengan kos purata dan kos marginal pada tingkat output
berikut:

(a) Ouput 0-3 unit [2 markah]

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

(b) Output 4-6 unit [2 markah]

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

(b) Terangkan dua faktor yang mempengaruhi produktiviti Firma. [4 markah]

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

MPP 2 7
EKONOMI SPM

(c) Maklumat berikut berkaitan situasi ekonomi di Malaysia.

KUALA LUMPUR – Bekas perdana menteri, Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad menggesa

kerajaan mengurangkan inflasi supaya manfaat sebenar pertumbuhan ekonomi
dapat dinikmati oleh rakyat.

"Kita perlu beri perhatian kepada inflasi. Kalau pertumbuhan lima peratus, inflasi
tiga peratus, maknanya pertumbuhan sebenar hanya dua peratus.

"Kita harus jaga supaya tiada inflasi dalam negara. Hari ini saya dapati inflasi
tinggi," katanya kepada pemberita selepas merasmikan Seminar dan Forum Buku
Perdana, di sini hari ini.

Ubah suai; Sinar online, 12 Februari 2017

(i) Bagaimanakah belanjawan negara digunakan bagi mencapai matlamat tersebut? [5 markah]
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Jelaskan kesan terhadap firma sekiranya bank negara menaikkan kadar faedah? [5 markah]
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

MPP 2 8
 EKONOMI SPM

BAHAGIAN B
[40 markah]

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.

Tulis jawapan pada kertas yang disediakan.

4 Maklumat berikut berkaitan dengan satu bentuk campur tangan kerajaan dalam ekonomi.

Kerajaan akan mengambil tindakan undang-undang bagi peniaga yang gagal

mematuhi Akta Kawalan Bekalan 1961. Barang kawalan di Malaysia seperti
roti, garam, susu, tepung gandum dan minyak masak merupakan antara
barang yang mendapat permintaan tinggi di pasaran.

(a) Selain daripada tindakan tersebut, jelaskan bentuk campur tangan kerajaan yang lain dalam
ekonomi. [5 markah]

(b) Mengapakah kerajaan mengambil tindakan tersebut? [6 markah]

(c) Adakah anda bersetuju dengan tindakan kerajaan campur tangan dalam ekonomi?

Kemukakan alasan anda. [9 markah]

5 Maklumat berikut berkaitan dengan satu bentuk urusniaga dalam ekonomi.

Sumber : https://www.sinarharian.com.my, 06 April 2020

(a) Jelaskan jenis sektor ekonomi yang terlibat dengan perniagaan tersebut. [4 markah]

(b) Mengapakah perniagaan di atas semakin popular dalam kalangan rakyat Malaysia? [7 markah]

(c) Perkembangan perniagaan ini membantu meningkatkan ekonomi negara ini.

Bincangkan. [9 markah]

MPP 2 9
 EKONOMI SPM

6 Maklumat berikut berkaitan dengan hasil kerajaan.

KUALA TERENGGANU: Rakyat Terengganu tidak perlu membayar cukai taksiran atau cukai
pintu bagi semua premis kediaman di negeri ini tahun hadapan.

Malah, Menteri Besar Dr Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar berkata walaupun ia akan menjejaskan hasil
cukai langsung Negeri Terengganu tetapi matlamat dasar ini bagi mengurangkan beban rakyat.

Sumber : Unit Penerangan Darul Iman (UPDI), 25 November 2019

(a) Terangkan tiga kompenan hasil cukai langsung selain daripada penyataan di atas. [5 markah]

(b) Langkah yang dilaksanakan oleh Kerajaan akan memberi kesan terhadap rakyat Terengganu.
Jelaskan. [6 markah]

(c) Tindakan kerajaan tersebut lebih menguntungkan rakyat berbanding kerajaan.

Bersetujukah anda dengan penyataan di atas. Kemukakan alasan anda. [9 markah]

7 Maklumat berikut berkaitan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan yang di wartakan oleh Kerajaan.

Sumber : Majlis Keselamatan Negara, 16 March 2020

(a) Apakah peranan Kerajaan dalam ekonomi [4 markah]

(b) Bincangkan kesan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan terhadap ekonomi negera. [7 markah]

(c) Cadangkan tindakan yang perlu anda laksanakan untuk menangani kesan di 7(b) di atas.
[9 markah]

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

MPP 2 10
EKONOMI SPM

JAWAPAN BAHAGIAN B

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

MPP 2 11
EKONOMI SPM

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
MPP 2 12
EKONOMI SPM

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
MPP 2 13
EKONOMI SPM

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
MPP 2 14