SUBDIVISION SAMPLE

A. Dividing passing through two points

An example of this situation is by connecting points directly, forming dividing line. Thus, separating lots into two
parts having unequal area. Usually, this is done for irregular shape of the lot for the purpose of separating a certain
part for development. Some lots having the irregular shapes such as triangulated form on some end. Therefore,
segregating this portion would simplify the subdivision among heirs. The irregular part segregated could be the
reject portion of the lot, or maybe it could be unusable for improvement. If we consider the reject portion to be part
of the sharing for dividing, the heirs whose share falls within that reject area is disadvantageous. You cannot
develop or be productive for that area in terms improvements in the future. Take an example in the figure below.

To solve this, we just compute directly the length of the

dividing line since coordinates are already given. To get
the length and direction of line 6-8, the inputs are:
𝑃𝑜𝑙 (𝑁6 − 𝑁8 , 𝐸6 − 𝐸8 ) ;
𝑃𝑜𝑙 (18697.27 − 18661.32, 22526.61 −
22519.87)
𝑃𝑜𝑙 (35.95, 6.74)
𝑟 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡. 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 6 − 8 = 36.576 𝑚.
𝜃 = 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 6 − 8 = 10°37′7"
= 𝑆 10°37′ 𝑊

To compute the area segregated, either using

area by triangle or by coordinates:
Reject Area 1
falls on a
𝐴 = 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝜃
2
steep slope
terrain.
Where:
𝑎 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡. 6 − 7 = 21.23 𝑚.
𝑏 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡. 7 − 8 = 44.85 𝑚.
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑟 7 = 180° −
𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔6−7 − 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔7−8 = 53°48′
1
𝐴 = (21.23 𝑚. )(44.85 𝑚. ) sin 53°48′
2
= 384.18 𝑚.2
So, no new corners added, but still we had
subdivided the lot. Therefore, no additional
layout required.
B. Dividing passing through 1 point and a given direction
An example of this is shown below wherein we subdivided Lot 2147, through corner “2” whose direction is N 65° 20’
W. In achieving this method, we can solve by applying trigonometric principles in order to solve the length of the dividing
line towards the intersecting boundary line (line 4-5 in this case). Subsequently, we can solve its coordinates as well
as respective area and technical description of sublots.

Applying trigonometry:
First, we need to solve closing line 2-4, again using polar function with their
coordinates given, we have:
𝑃𝑜𝑙 (𝑁2 − 𝑁4 , 𝐸2 − 𝐸4 ) ;
𝑃𝑜𝑙 (700.41 − 683.67, 489.42 − 437.27)
𝑃𝑜𝑙 (16.74, 52.15)

𝛾 𝑟 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡. 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 2 − 4 = 54.77 𝑚.

𝛽
𝜃 = 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 2 − 4 = 72°12′13" = 𝑆 72°12′ 𝑊

𝛼 Solving all angles, 𝛼, 𝛽, and 𝛾:

𝛼 = 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔2−4 − 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔4−5
= 72°12′ 13" − 13°16' = 58°56'13"
𝛽 = 180° − 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔2−4 − 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔2−𝑃
= 180° − 72°12′ 13 − 65°20' = 42°27'47"
𝑃

𝛾
𝛾 = 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔2−𝑃 + 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔4−5 = 65°20' + 13°16' = 78°36'
Using Sine Law, we can solve distance 4-P:
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡.4−𝑃 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡.2−4
𝛽 2 =
sin 𝛽 sin 𝛾
𝛼 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡.2−4 ∗ sin 𝛽
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡.4−𝑃 =
4 sin 𝛾
54.77 𝑚. sin 42°27'47"
=
sin 78°36'
= 37.72 𝑚.
Similarly;
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡.2−4 ∗ sin 𝛼
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡.2−𝑃 =
sin 𝛾
54.77 𝑚. sin 58°56'13"
=
sin 78°36'
= 47.86 𝑚.
Latitude and departure from “4” to “P”: 𝑅𝑒𝑐 (37.72, 13°16′)
𝐿𝑎𝑡.4−𝑃 = 36.71
𝐷𝑒𝑝.4−𝑃 = 8.66

Coordinates of “P”:
𝑁𝑃 = 𝑁4 + 𝐿𝑎𝑡.4−𝑃 = 18683.67 + 36.71 = 18720.38
𝐸𝑃 = 𝐸4 + 𝐷𝑒𝑝.4−𝑃 = 22437.27 + 8.66 = 22445.93
On the other hand, you can also compute coordinates of corner “P” base from corner “2” by solving latitude and
departure of line 2-P. The bearing of this line is already given S 65° 20’ E (reverse of N 65° 20’ W). Finally, the technical
description coordinates the sublot along the road are shown if corner “P” is the corner “1” this sublot.

LOT 2147-A
LINE BEARING DIST. NORTHINGS EASTINGS Remarks
TP-1 N 15° 12' W 569.91 18170.41 22595.38 Tie point, BBM-15
1-2 S 65° 20' E 47.86 18720.38 22445.93 = New corner “P”
2-3 S 12° 60' W 30.63 18700.41 22489.42 = 2/Bdry
3-4 N 73° 51' W 47.12 18670.56 22482.53 = 3/Bdry
4-1 N 13° 16' E 37.72 18683.67 22437.27 = 4/Bdry

To compute the area, it is better to employ by coordinates method if it involves many corners, unlike area by series of
triangles. In this case, we will use area by coordinates. The formula is very efficient and is shown below which is
extendable to many corners.
1 𝑁1 𝑁2 𝑁3 𝑁4 ⋯ 𝑁𝑛 𝑁1
𝐴 = {| | }
2 𝐸1 𝐸2 𝐸3 𝐸4 ⋯ 𝐸𝑛 𝐸1
In our case above, the formula is:
1 𝑁2 𝑁3 𝑁4 𝑁𝑃 𝑁2
𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑡 𝐴 = {| | }
2 𝐸2 𝐸3 𝐸4 𝐸𝑃 𝐸2

1
= {[(𝑁2 ∗ 𝐸3 ) + (𝑁3 ∗ 𝐸4 ) + (𝑁4 ∗ 𝐸𝑃 ) + (𝑁𝑃 ∗ 𝐸2 )]
2
− [(𝑁3 ∗ 𝐸2 ) + (𝑁4 ∗ 𝐸3 ) + (𝑁𝑃 ∗ 𝐸4 ) + (𝑁2 ∗ 𝐸𝑃 )]}
= 1,605.40 𝑚.2
So, for the remaining portion if they have common corner “1”, thus, its TD are the following:

LOT 2147-B
LINE BEARING DIST. NORTHINGS EASTINGS Remarks
TP-1 N 15° 12' W 569.91 18170.41 22595.38 Tie point, BBM-15
1-2 N 13° 16' E 55.84 18720.38 22445.93 = New corner “P”
2-3 S 64° 43' E 18.80 18774.73 22458.74 = 5/Bdry
3-4 S 43° 11' E 7.80 18766.70 22475.74 = 6/Bdry
4-5 S 07° 50' E 61.17 18761.01 22481.08 = 1/Bdry
5-1 N 65° 20’ W 47.86 18700.41 22489.42 = 2/Bdry
 𝑃

N = 18720.38
E = 22445.93

N = 18672.88
E = 22465.52

Now, to layout and set on the ground where this new corner “P” should be located, we need to set this.
Remember last time our traverse station coordinates. The nearest convenient station to layout is from T-1, because
it is the closest station towards “P”. Base from their coordinates using polar functions, the distance and azimuth to
“P” are:
𝑃𝑜𝑙 (𝑁𝑇1 − 𝑁𝑃 , 𝐸𝑇1 − 𝐸𝑃 )

𝑟 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡. 𝑇1−𝑃 = 51.38 𝑚.

𝜃 = 157°35′16" 𝑎𝑧𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ (𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒)

So, we need to set the angle azimuth and its corresponding distance from our station T-1. But if your instrument
is setup already to other station and corner “P” is still visible, you can layout the same. However, in practice it is
advisable to layout from the nearest traverse station.
Setting of New Corner
Sta.
Sta. Obs. Azimuth Dist. N E Remarks
Occ.
1/Lot 2147-A 157°35'16" 51.38 18,720.38 22,445.93 =P
T-1 18,672.88 22,465.52
C. Cut off a required area by a line through a given point.

Example 3.A If we use the same problem above (example 2) wherein we need to subdivide Lot 2147 into two
equal parts straight line through corner “2” of the boundary. So, the area will be divided into 2, making the area
of each sublot is 1,781 square meters.

First thing to do is to compute for 𝐴1 and 𝐴2 :

1
A1 = (47.12 m. )(30.63 m. ) sin(73°51' + 13°00')
2
= 720.55 m.2

𝐴3 = 1,781 But,
A1 + A2 = 1,781 m.2
𝐺
A2 = 1781 − A1 = 1781 − 720.55 = 1060.45 m.2
Also,
1
A2 = (Dist.4-G )(Dist.2-4 ) sin 𝛼 = 1060.45 m.2
2
𝐴2
Therefore, we can solve Dist.4-G :

2(1060.45 m.2 ) 2(1060.45 m.2 )

𝐴1 Dist.4-G = =
(Dist.2-4 ) sin 𝛼 (54.77m. ) sin 58°56'13"
= 45.21 m.
Now, computing Dist.2-G using Cosine Law:
𝐺
(Dist.2-G )2 = (Dist.4-G )2 + (Dist.2-4 )2
𝛿 − 2(Dist.4-G )(Dist.2-4 ) cos 𝛼
= (45.206)2 + (54.77)2
𝐴2 =? − 2(45.206)(54.77) cos 58°56'13"
𝜑 2

4
Dist.2-G = √(45.206)2 + (54.77)2 − (45.206)(54.77) cos 58°56'13" = 49.88 m.
Computing angle 𝛿 using sine law so that we can
compute the bearing of this dividing line.
sin 𝛼 sin 𝛿
=
Dist.2-G Dist.2-4
sin 𝛼
𝛿 = sin−1 ( *Dist.2-4 )
Dist.2-G
sin 58°56'13"
= sin−1 ( *54.77)
49.88
= 70°08′55"
Therefore, the bearing of line G-2 is:

Bearing G-2 = 𝛿 − Bearing 4-5 = 70°08′ 55 − 13°16’ = 56°52'55 𝑜𝑟 𝑆 56°53′ 𝐸

However, we can also compute coordinates of “G” so that we can determine the bearing of line G-2 instead of computing angle
𝛿. Afterwards, using polar function with inputs from their respective coordinates to determine the distance and direction of line G-
2.

Rec (45.21, 13°16')

𝑙𝑎𝑡.4−𝐺 = 44.00 𝑚.

𝑑𝑒𝑝.4−𝐺 = 10.37 𝑚.

Coordinates of “G”:
𝑁G = 𝑁4 + 𝑙𝑎𝑡.4−𝐺 = 18683.67 + 44.00 = 18727.67
𝐸G = 𝐸4 + 𝑑𝑒𝑝.4−𝐺 = 22437.27 + 10.37 = 22447.64
Technical Description of sublots if G is their common corner “1” and sublot on the north is our first sublot:

Lot 2147-A Coordinates

LINE BEARING DIST. NORTHING EASTINGS Remarks
TP-1 N 14°51' W 576.51 18,170.41 22,595.38 Tie point, BBM-15
1-2 N 13° 16' E 48.35 18,727.67 22,447.64 = New corner “G”
2-3 S 64° 43' E 18.80 18774.73 22458.74 = 5/Bdry.
3-4 S 43° 11' E 7.80 18766.70 22475.74 = 6/Bdry.
4-5 S 07° 50' E 61.17 18761.01 22481.08 = 1/Bdry.
5-1 N 56° 53' W 49.89 18700.41 22489.42 = 2/Bdry.
Lot 2147-B Coordinates
LINE BEARING DIST. NORTHING EASTINGS
TP-1 N 14°51' W 576.51 18,170.41 22,595.38 Tie point, BBM-15
1-2 S 56° 53' E 49.89 18,727.67 22,447.64 = New corner “G”
2-3 S 64° 09' E 27.69 18700.41 22489.42 = 2/Bdry.
3-4 N 73° 51' W 47.12 18670.56 22482.53 = 3/Bdry.
4-1 N 13° 16' E 45.21 18683.67 22437.27 = 4/Bdry.

To layout corner “G” from nearest station T-1 using their coordinates:

𝑃𝑜𝑙 (𝑁𝑇1 − 𝑁G , 𝐸𝑇1 − 𝐸G )

𝑟 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡. 𝑇1−G = 57.63 𝑚.

𝜃 = 161°55′36" 𝑎𝑧𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ (𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒)
 N = 18727.67
E = 22447.64

N = 18672.88
E = 22465.52

Setting of New Corner

Sta.
Sta. Obs. Azimuth Dist. N E Remarks
Occ.
1/Lot 2147-A 161°55'36" 57.63 18,727.67 22,447.64 =G
T-1 18,672.88 22,465.52
 Example 3.b Divide lot 2146 into two equal parts by passing a line from mid-point of line 4-1 to line
2-3.
a) Compute the length of the dividing line.
b) Compute the direction of the dividing line.

Solution:
The best solution in solving with this kind of situation is by using the area
B
formula of a triangle. We need to cut the figure into series of non-overlapping
triangles.
A
In this case, the series of triangles forms are two, it could be ΔABC & ΔACD OR ΔABD &
ΔBCD. Let us use the former two triangles (ΔABC & ΔACD) since distance BC is fixed, this
will be the closing line, therefore the area enclosed can be computed and the only concern
is the remaining area. With this, we can compute now the length and direction of the dividing
line.
Basically, the area of triangle is:
1
𝐴𝑡 = 2 𝑏ℎ

wherein b is the base length of triangle and h is the height of the other corner perpendicular to
the base. However, height is not always given, but we can express height in terms of included
angle and in terms of the length of the other sides. Thus,
1
𝐴 = 2
𝑎𝑏 sin 𝜃 if two sides and an included angle were given

𝑏 2 sin 𝛼 sin 𝜃
𝐴 =
2 sin 𝛽
if two angles and an included side were given
𝑎2 sin 𝛽 sin 𝜃
𝐴 =
2 sin 𝛼
𝑐 2 sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽
𝐴 =
2 sin 𝜃
So, to compute area of ΔABC, we need at least three givens: C
𝐴𝐵 = 46.41 𝑚. ф
γ
1 1 D
𝐴𝐶 = (𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 4 − 1) = (100.29) = 50.145 𝑚.
2 2
𝜃 = 180° − 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔3−4 − 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔4−1
= 180° − 75°16′ − 24°24′ = 80°20′
Computing area from the given, θ λ
B β
1 1
𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝜃 = (46.41 𝑚. )(50.145 𝑚. ) sin 80°20′ A
2 2
= 1,147.093 𝑚2
Remaining area required for ΔACD:

𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 𝐴𝑅 − 𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 1,779 𝑚2 − 1,147.093 𝑚2 = 631.907 𝑚2

Next is to compute the closing line distance and bearing, because CD and DA are still unknown. So, to do that let us
compute the coordinates of corner “C” from the latitude and departure of BC, since we have coordinates of corner “B”
(equals corner 4 of lot 2146). To get the latitude and departure, we use Rectangular function of our calculator. The
input would be:
Rec (50.145,24°24’)

𝐿𝑎𝑡. 𝐵𝐶 = 45.666 𝑚.
𝐷𝑒𝑝. 𝐵𝐶 = 20.715 𝑚.

𝑁𝐶 = 𝑁𝐵 + 𝐿𝑎𝑡. 𝐵𝐶 = 18,695.47 + 45.666 = 18741.136

Take note the signs
𝐸𝐶 = 𝐸𝐵 + 𝐷𝑒𝑝. 𝐵𝐶 = 22,392.39 + 20.715 = 22,413.105

The above method can also be done using trigonometric principles. However, solving latitude and departure and
coordinates are advisable since it’s a versatile process and offers a lot of advantages since it does not need triangles
for as long as you have a correct figure. Using rectangular and polar functions you can compute distance and bearing
vice versa latitude and departure between two points (no triangle/s needed).

Now, distance and bearing of closing line CA using polar functions in calculator with the input:
𝑃𝑜𝑙(𝑁𝐶 − 𝑁𝐴 , 𝐸𝐶 − 𝐸𝐴 ) = 𝑃𝑜𝑙( 18741.136 − 18683.67, 22,413.105 − 22437.27)
𝑟 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡. 𝐶𝐴 = 62.340 𝑚.
𝜃 = −22° 48′26" = 𝑆 22° 48′ 26" 𝐸 → Bearing CA
Take note that;
𝑁𝐶 − 𝑁𝐴 = 𝐿𝑎𝑡. 𝐶𝐴 = 𝐿𝑎𝑡. 𝐵𝐴 + 𝐿𝑎𝑡. 𝐶𝐵 = −11.8 − 45.666 = −57.466
Notice the signs used
𝐸𝐶 − 𝐸𝐴 = 𝐷𝑒𝑝. 𝐶𝐴 = 𝐷𝑒𝑝. 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐷𝑒𝑝. 𝐵𝐶 = 44.88 − 20.715 = 24.165
𝐿𝑎𝑡. 𝐶𝐴 = 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐶
𝐷𝑒𝑝. 𝐶𝐴 = 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐶
Thus,
𝑃𝑜𝑙(𝑁𝐶 − 𝑁𝐴 , 𝐸𝐶 − 𝐸𝐴 ) = 𝑃𝑜𝑙(−57.466, 24.165)
𝑟 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡. 𝐶𝐴 = 62.340 𝑚.
𝜃 = −22° 48′26" = 𝑆 22° 48′ 26" 𝐸 → Bearing CA
But, the area of ACD should be:
1
𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 631.907 𝑚2 = 2
(𝐶𝐴)(𝐴𝐷) sin 𝛾 → Applying above triangle formula

And:
𝛾 = 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔2−3 + 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝐶𝐴 = 13°16′ + 22°48′26" = 36°4′26"
Manipulating the above equation then substituting value CA and 𝛾, and solving AD we get:

2(𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐷 ) 2(631.907 𝑚2 )
𝐴𝐷 = = = 34.429 𝑚.
(𝐶𝐴) sin 𝛾 (62.340 𝑚. ) sin 36°4′26"

Now we can compute coordinates of corner “D” from latitude and departure of AD:
𝑅𝑒𝑐 (34.429, 13°16’) → Take note the inputs, obtain from the figure

𝐿𝑎𝑡. 𝐴𝐷 = 33.51 𝑚.
All are positive, indicates D is northeast of A
𝐷𝑒𝑝. 𝐴𝐷 = 7.90 𝑚.

𝑁𝐷 = 𝑁𝐴 + 𝐿𝑎𝑡. 𝐴𝐷 = 18683.67 + 33.51 = 18717.18

𝐸𝐷 = 𝐸𝐴 + 𝐷𝑒𝑝. 𝐴𝐷 = 22437.27 + 7.90 = 22445.17

Finally solving the length and direction of Dividing Line CD:

𝑃𝑜𝑙(𝑁𝐶 − 𝑁𝐷 , 𝐸𝐶 − 𝐸𝐷 ) = 𝑃𝑜𝑙( 18741.136 − 18717.18, 22,413.105 − 22445.171)

𝑁𝐶 − 𝑁𝐷 = 𝐿𝑎𝑡. 𝐶𝐷 = 23.956 positive indicates D is south of C

𝐸𝐶 − 𝐸𝐷 = 𝐷𝑒𝑝. 𝐶𝐷 = −32.066 negative indicates D is east of C

𝑟 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡. 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟎 𝒎.

𝜃 = −53° 14′14" = 𝑆 53° 14′ 14" 𝐸 = 𝑺 𝟓𝟑° 𝟏𝟒′ 𝑬 → Bearing CD
Finally, the technical description of the sublots if the midpoint corner “C” is their common corner “1”

Lot 2146-A Coordinates

LINE BEARING DIST. NORTHING EASTINGS Remarks
TP-1 N 17°43' W 637.21 18,170.41 22,595.38 Tie point, BBM-15
1-2 S 53° 15' E 40.02 18,741.14 22,413.10 = New corner
2-3 S 13° 16' W 34.44 18,717.18 22,445.17 = New corner
3-4 N 75° 16' W 46.41 18,683.67 22,437.27 = 3/Bdry
4-1 N 24° 24' E 50.14 18,695.47 22,392.39 = 4/Bdry
Lot 2146-B Coordinates
LINE BEARING DIST. NORTHING EASTINGS Remarks
TP-1 N 17°43' W 637.21 18,170.41 22,595.38 Tie point, BBM-15
1-2 N 24° 24' E 50.14 18,741.14 22,413.10 = New corner
2-3 S 64° 09' E 27.69 18,786.80 22,433.82 = 1/Bdry
3-4 S 13° 16' W 59.12 18,774.73 22,458.74 = 2/Bdry
4-1 N 53° 15' W 40.02 18,717.18 22,445.17 = New corner

To layout the new corners we have computed the azimuth and distance
C from their coordinates. We use nearest station T-2 in this case, and using
polar function we have derive the following.
Setting of New Corners
Sta.
Sta. Obs. Azimuth Dist. N E
Occ.
D 1/Lot 2146-A 189°48’16” 53.15 18741.14 22,413.11
2/Lot 2146-A 235°21’10” 49.97 18,717.18 22,445.17
T-2 18,688.77 22,404.06
 D. Cut off a required area by a line with given direction

Example 4. Divide lot 2146 into two equal parts by a line parallel to
line 3-4.
a) Compute the length of the dividing line.

LOT 2146, A = 3,558

LINE BEARING DIST. NORTHINGS EASTINGS
TP-1 S 14° 41' E 637.21 18170.41 22595.38
1-2 S 64° 9' E 27.69 18786.80 22433.82
2-3 S 13° 16' W 93.56 18774.73 22458.74
3-4 N 75° 16' W 46.41 18683.67 22437.27
4-1 N 24° 24' E 100.29 18695.47 22392.39

Solution:
Given:
3558
𝑨𝑹 = 1/2 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 = = 1,779 m2 C
2
𝑨𝑩 = 46.41 𝑚. = 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 3 − 4
𝜶 = 180° − 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔3−4 − 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔4−1 D
= 180° − 75°16′ − 24°24′
= 80° 20′
𝜷 = 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔2−3 + 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔3−4 = 13°16′ + 75°16′
= 88° 32′
We will create systems of equation base from the figure:
ℎ
tan 𝛼 = Eq. 1
𝑑
ℎ Eq. 2
tan 𝛽 =
𝑒
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑑 + 𝑥 + 𝑒 Eq. 3

From the figure the total area is 1,779 = 𝐴𝑅 which is a trapezoid, thus:
ℎ𝑑 ℎ𝑒
𝐴𝑅 = + 𝑥ℎ + Eq. 4
2 2
From Eq. 1 and Eq. 2, solving 𝑑 and 𝑒 we get:
ℎ
𝑑 =
tan 𝛼
Substituting these to Eq. 3 and Eq. 4
ℎ
𝑒 =
tan 𝛽
From Eq. 3, substitute 𝑑 and 𝑒:
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑑 + 𝑥 + 𝑒
ℎ ℎ 1 1 tan 𝛽 + tan 𝛼
𝐴𝐵 = +𝑥+ = ℎ( + )+𝑥 = ℎ( )+𝑥
tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽 tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽 tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽
Solving 𝑥:
tan 𝛽 + tan 𝛼
𝑥 = 𝐴𝐵 − ℎ ( ) → Substituting this to Eq. 4
tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽

From Eq. 4 substitute 𝑑, 𝑒 and 𝑥:

ℎ𝑑 ℎ𝑒
𝑨𝑹 = + 𝑥ℎ +
2 2
ℎ ℎ ℎ2 ℎ2
ℎ ℎ
tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽 tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽
= + 𝑥ℎ + = + 𝑥ℎ +
2 2 2 2
ℎ2 ℎ2 ℎ2 1 1
= + + 𝑥ℎ = (tan 𝛼 + tan 𝛽) + 𝑥ℎ
2tan 𝛼 2tan 𝛽 2

ℎ2 tan 𝛽+tan 𝛼
𝑨𝑹 = ( tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽 ) + 𝑥ℎ → Substituting 𝑥 here
2

ℎ2 tan 𝛽 + tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽 + tan 𝛼

𝑨𝑹 = ( ) + [𝐴𝐵 − ℎ ( )] ℎ
2 tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽 tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽

ℎ2 tan 𝛽 + tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽 + tan 𝛼

𝑨𝑹 = ( ) + (𝐴𝐵)ℎ − ℎ2 ( )
2 tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽 tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽

ℎ2 tan 𝛽 + tan 𝛼
𝑨𝑹 = − ( ) + (𝐴𝐵)ℎ
2 tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽
ℎ2 tan 𝛽 + tan 𝛼
𝑨𝑹 = (𝐴𝐵)ℎ − ( )
2 tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽

2
ℎ2 tan 88° 32′ + tan 80° 20′
𝑨𝑹 = 1,779 𝑚 = (43.41 𝑚. )ℎ − ( )
2 tan 80° 20′ tan 88° 32′

1 tan 88° 32′+tan 80° 20′

2
( tan 80° 20′ tan 8° 32′
) ℎ2 − (46.41)ℎ + 1,779 = 0 → Quadratic Equation

You know how to solve quadratic equation right. Solving ℎ, have two values for quadratic equation:
ℎ1 = 431.653 𝑚. → Unrealistic value greater than BC
ℎ2 = 42.068 𝑚. → Correct value, ideal
Now we can solve 𝑥, which is the length of subdivision line.
tan 𝛽 + tan 𝛼
𝑥 = 𝐴𝐵 − ℎ ( )
tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽
tan 88° 32′ + tan 80° 20′
𝑥 = 46.41 𝑚. − 42.068 𝑚. ( )
tan 80° 20′ tan 88° 32′
𝒙 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟏𝟔𝟕 𝒎., → length of dividing line

To compute BC and DA:

h 42.068 m.
𝐵𝐶 = = = 42.67 𝑚.
sin 𝛼 sin 80°20′
h 42.068 m.
DA = = = 42.08 m.
sin 𝛽 sin 88° 32′
Computing latitude and departure BC and DA: Rec (42.67, 24°24') and Rec (42.08,13°16' )
lat.BC = 38.86 𝑚. lat.DA = 40.96 𝑚.
dep.BC = 17.63 𝑚. dep.DA = 9.66 𝑚.

Coordinates of C and D:
𝑁C = 𝑁4 + 𝐿𝑎𝑡. BC = 18695.47 + 38.86 = 18734.33
𝐸C = 𝐸4 + 𝐷𝑒𝑝. BC = 22392.39 + 17.63 = 22410.02
𝑁D = 𝑁3 + 𝐿𝑎𝑡. DA = 18683.67 + 40.96 = 18724.63
𝐸D = 𝐸3 + 𝐷𝑒𝑝. 𝐷𝐴 = 22437.27 + 9.66 = 22446.93

Tabulating the technical description each sub-lot if their corner “1” of is corner “C” wherein lot sub-lot along
the road is the first lot. Thus, applying lot naming of sublots sequence (numbers-letters-numbers)

Lot 2146-A Coordinates Remarks

LINE BEARING DIST. NORTHING EASTINGS
TP-1 N 18°12’ W 593.61 18,170.41 22,595.38 Tie point, BBM-15
1-2 S 75° 16’ E 38.17 18,734.33 22,410.02 = New corner
2-3 S 13° 16’ W 42.08 18,724.63 22,446.93 = New corner
3-4 N 75° 16’ W 46.41 18,683.67 22,437.27 = 3/Bdry
4-1 N 24° 24' E 42.67 18,695.47 22,392.39 = 4/Bdry
Lot 2146-B
LINE BEARING DIST. NORTHING EASTINGS
TP-1 N 18°12' W 593.61 18,170.41 22,595.38 Tie point, BBM-15
1-2 N 24° 24' E 57.62 18,734.33 22,410.02 = New corner
2-3 S 64° 09' E 27.69 18,786.80 22,433.82 = 1/Bdry
3-4 S 13° 16' W 51.47 18,774.73 22,458.74 = 2/Bdry
4-1 N 75° 16' W 38.17 18,724.63 22,446.93 = New corner
 To layout the new corners from convenient station, say T-1 ,
from their coordinates we can derive the corresponding
distance and azimuth towards these points.

D Setting of New Corners

Sta.
Sta. Obs. Azimuth Dist. N E
Occ.
1/Lot 2146-A 137°54’45” 82.80 18,734.33 22,410.02
2/Lot 2146-A 160°14’25” 54.99 18,724.63 22,446.93
B
T-1 18,672.88 22,465.52

A
 Home Exercise

Test 1. Problem Solving

1. (15 pts.) A trapezoidal lot ABCD has the following technical description shown below. A
6-storey concrete building is to be constructed on the shaded portion as shown, wherein
the cornerstone “F” can be located by measuring 25 meters from C along CD then 30
meters from CD. The building line HK falls along the subdivision line that divides the
trapezoidal lot into two equal areas. GK is parallel to CD and is 5 meters from it.
Determine the total floor area of the building.

2. (10 pts.) Derive the following formula 𝑥 base from the figure:
𝑚𝑏 2 + 𝑛𝑎2 𝑚
𝑥=√
𝑚+𝑛 𝑥
Where:
𝑥 = distance of dividing line
𝑛
𝑏 = AB
𝑎 = BC 𝜃 𝛽
𝑚 = Area portion 1
𝑛 = Area portion 2

3. Applying above formula 𝑥 into the first problem, suppose the upper portion sublot (including the building) will
be subdivided further into two equal parts in which the dividing line is also parallel to AD.
a. (5 pts.) Determine the distance of the new dividing line.
b. (10 pts.) Will the building be affected with the new subdivision line? Yes or No? Show your proof.

Test 2. Situational Problem.

You are commissioned to conduct a subdivision survey of Lot 123-B-2, Psd-08-001234 located in Barangay of Bario,
Municipality of Lungsod, Province of Probinsya, and Island of Isla. The total area of the lot is 1000 square meters and
registered in the name of (per TCT No. T-4567) Junorio Khu. Junorio Khu died leaving his four heirs/children namely: Juan,
Chou, Trie, and Faur, all surname Khu. Being the surviving heirs, the four executed an Extrajudicial Settlement of the Estate
of the Deceased Junorio Khu. A year after Chou Khu sold his share and executed a Deed of Sale in favor Trie Khu; while
Faur Khu waived/quitclaim his right and interest over his share in favor of Trie Khu. The later then sold an area of 200 sq.m.
to Paz Sar and executed a Deed of Sale also. On the otherhand, Juan Khu due to his love and affection to his children, Sing
Khu and Tresra Khu, executed a Deed of Donation in favor of his children with area of 100 square meters each. Assuming
the above transactions had been annotated at the back of the title.

1. (10 pts.) Below is the figure of Lot 123-B-2, Psd-08-001234; subdivide the lots (approximately) based on the
conditions/situation above, and indicate the lot numbers (from left to right) of each sublot. As much as possible
make the lot in rectangle or square form. Note that all sublots should have access to roads, otherwise it will not be
approved in DENR.
2. (10 pts.) Indicate the owner of each sublot base on the latest owner.
3. (10 pts.) Indicate the area of each sublot.

4. Subdivide Lot 2142 above, into two equal parts by a line passing thru its corner “1”.
a. (5 pts.) Determine the length of dividing line.
b. (5 pts.) Determine direction of dividing line.
c. (10 pts.) Determine the azimuth and distance if the new corner is to be laid out from T-5.
d. (10 pts.) Tabulate the technical description of each sublots if corner “1” of the boundary is also
common corner “1” of each sublot. Note that corner numberings in clockwise direction.

LOT 2142, A = 8,117

LINE BEARING DISTANCE Northings Eastings
TP-1 S 10° 57' E 601.56 18170.41 22595.38
1-2 N 43° 11' W 7.80 18761.01 22481.08
2-3 N 34° 37' E 58.82 18766.70 22475.74
3-4 N 67° 1' E 13.39 18815.10 22509.16
4-5 S 44° 41' E 53.75 18820.33 22521.49
5-6 S 21° 4' W 90.93 18782.12 22559.29
6-7 S 87° 39' E 21.23 18697.27 22526.61
7-8 S 38° 33' W 44.85 18696.40 22547.82
8-9 N 76° 6' W 38.47 18661.32 22519.87
9-10 N 12° 60' E 30.63 18670.56 22482.53
10-11 N 7° 50' W 61.17 18700.41 22489.42