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BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (4TH YEAR)

ELECTRICAL PROTECTION 425 (ETP820S)

EXAMINATION 2 (PAPER)

TOTAL MARKS: 80

DURATION: 150 MINUTES (2.5 HOURS)

DATE: 7TH MARCH 2013

EXAMINER: Mr. Kalaluka Kanyimba

MODERATOR: Dr. Peter Olabisi Oluseyi

STUDENT NAME: STUDENT NUMBER:

Instructions to candidates:

1. Read the questions very carefully.

2. Attempt all questions.
3. All writing must be in ink.
4. For calculations, approximate all your solutions to three significant figures after the decimal
point.
5. Use the given lined paper for your solutions and use only one side of the answer sheet.
6. This is a closed book examination, no notes or books are allowed in the examination room.
7. For questions requiring calculations, all working and all steps must be shown clearly, marks
will be lost for ‘skipped’ steps.
8. All cell phones must be switched off during the examination, 10% will be deducted from the
total mark in penalty for disturbances caused by cell phones.
9. You may not leave the room after the examination has started.
10. All consultations with and copying from fellow students will lead to automatic disqualification
from the examination.
11. Attach all your answer scripts to this question paper.

Permissible material: Non-programmable Scientific Calculators only.

ETP820S EXAM 2 Page 1 35BEEP

QUESTION 1 [26]
(a) Draw the distance/time characteristics showing a Zone 1 extension (Z1X) scheme. (4 marks)
(b) With reference to your diagram in (a) above, discuss the salient features of the distance relay
used in this scheme and the operation of the scheme. (16 marks)
(c) With reference to the diagram of
Figure Q1.2, discuss the main
disadvantage of the ‘Z1X’ scheme.
Re-draw the diagram to illustrate your
point. (6.0)

Figure Q1.2.

QUESTION 2 [28]
(a) Design a typical differential protection system of the ‘Biased Electro-mechanical Balanced-
Voltage system – Translay’, for the protection of a long transmission line. For simplicity, draw the
single-phase equivalent of the three-phase system and label your diagram completely.(10 marks)
(b) Briefly explain the operation of the scheme for an internal fault and for a through (external)
fault. (18 marks)

QUESTION 3 [26]
Consider the 13.8 kV system shown in Figure Q3.1. Assume all sequence reactances are the
same for each component. Determine CT ratios, tap settings and time-dial settings (TDS) for
the relays R1 and R2 operating circuit-breakers B1 and B2.
Possible CT ratios are: 50:5, 100:5, 150:5, 200:5, 250:5, 300:5, 400:5, 450:5, 500:5, 600:5,
800:5, 900:5, 1000:5, 1200:5.
Possible Tap settings are: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
Use the characteristic curves of the IFC-53 electro-mechanical relay shown in Figure Q3.2. The
line reactances are in ohms. The co-ordination time is specified to be equal to 0.3 s.
Apply a safety factor of 3 for reliability of operation.
Indicate the actual pick-up currents in the lines.
Summarise your settings in tabular form.
NB:
(i) Use the principle that a back-up relay must operate for the smallest current in the zone of the
relay it is backing-up.
(ii) A breaker opens all three lines when tripped by its relay.

Figure Q3.1.

ETP820S EXAM 2 Page 2 35BEEP

 Figure Q3.2. Characteristic curves of type IFC-53 time over-current relays.

ETP820S EXAM 2 Page 3 35BEEP