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Grade 9 Science
Grade 9 Science
Science
Quarter 4, Module 1:
Force, Motion, and Energy
Name:
Lesson
Overview
Most of the motions we come across in our daily life are non-uniform and the primary
cause of changes in motion is FORCE. In this module, you will learn about the effects of
force on motion. Newton’s Three Laws of Motion – the central organizing principle of
classical mechanics – will be presented and applied to real-life situations.
Learning Objectives
Lesson
In the lower grades, you learned that an object can be moved by pushing or pulling. In
physics, this push and pull is referred to as force (F). Consider a ball on top of a table as shown in
Figure 1. If someone pushes the ball, it will move or roll across the surface of the table (Figure 1a).
And when it is again pushed in the direction of its motion, it moves farther and even faster (Figure
1b). But when you push it on the other side instead, opposite to the direction of its motion, the ball
may slow down and eventually stop (Figure 1c). Lastly, when you push it in a direction different
from its original direction of motion, the ball also changes its direction (Figure 1d). Force therefore
can make objects move, move faster, stop, or change their direction of motion. But is this always
the case? Can force always bring about change in the state of motion of an object?
Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to identify the forces acting on an object at rest.
Materials:
pen pair of scissors
string book
Procedure
Situation 1
1. Hang a pen by a piece of string as shown in Figure 3a.
Q2. Are there forces acting on the pen? If yes, draw the forces.
You may use arrows to represent these forces.
Q3. What happens to the pen? What could have caused the pen’s motion?
Situation 2
1. Place a book on top of a table as shown in Figure 3b.
Q5. Are there forces acting on the book? If yes, draw the forces
acting on the book.
In the situations above, both the pen and the book are at rest. But this does not mean that there
are no forces acting on them. So what causes them to stay in place?
Assessment
Assessment 2. Investigating inertia! Performance Task
Objective:
At the end of this activity, you should be able to demonstrate Newton’s first law of motion.
Materials:
empty glass 5-peso coins (5 pcs or more)
cardboard plastic ruler
1 peso coin
Procedure
1. Arrange the setup as shown in Figure 7.
2. Slowly pull the cardboard with your hand and observe what happens.
3. Arrange again the setup as shown. This time, quickly flick the cardboard with your
Stack of Coins
4. Stack the coins on a flat level surface.
5. Quickly hit the coin at the bottom with the edge of the ruler.
Q3. What happens when you hit the coin at the bottom? Why is this so?