Ex 1. A two-legged core is shown in the figure.

The winding on the left leg (N1) has 600 turns, and the winding on
the right (N2) has 200 turns. The coils are wound in the directions shown in the figure. If the dimensions are as
shown, then what flux will be produced by currents i1 = 0.5 A and i2 =1.0 A? Assume µr =1000 and constant.

15 50 15 Solution:
Let draw the equivalent electric circuit:

I1 I2 15
R

50

+ N1 * I1 N2 * I2 _

15 _ +

Core depth = 15 cm

R = F/Φ = (H x L)/(B x A) = (B x L / (µ x B x A) = L/(µ x A) = L / (µ0 x µr x A)

= (4 x 65 x 10-2) / (4π x 10-7 x 1000 x 15 x 15 x 10-4) = 92 x 103 AT/wb

Φ = Σ(N I)/R = (N1 x I1 + N2 x I2) / R = (600 x 0.5 + 200 x 1) / 92 x 103 = 0.0054 wb

Ex 2: A magnetic circuit with a single air gap is shown in Fig. below. The core dimensions are:
Core cross section area Ac = 1.8 × 10-3 m2; Mean core length lc = 0.6 m;
Gap length g = 2.3 x 10-3 m; N = 83 turns
Assume that the core is of infinite permeability
(a) Calculate the reluctance of the core Rc and that of the gap Rg.
For a current of I = 1.5 A, calculate
(b) the total flux ϕ, (c) the flux linkages λ of the coil, and (d) the coil inductance L.

Core: lc, Ac, µ

N turns

Air gap

Solution:
(a) Rc = 0; since µ ∞; Rg= g / (µ0 Ac) = 2.3x10-3 / (4 πx10-7 x1.8×10-3) = 1.017 x 106 A/wb
(b) Φ = (N x I) / (Rc+ Rg) = (83x1.5)/(0+1.017x106) = 1.224x10-4 wb
(c) ʎ = N x Φ = 83x1.224x10-4 = 1.016x10-2 wb

(d) L = ʎ/I = 1.016x10-2/1.5 = 6.773 mH

Ex3: A ferromagnetic core with a relative permeability of 2000 is shown in Figure. The dimensions are as
shown in the diagram and are given in cm, and the depth of the core is 7 cm. The air gaps on the left and
right sides of the core are 0.05 and 0.07 cm, respectively. If there are 300 turns in the coil wrapped around
the center leg of the core and if the current in the coil is 1.0 A, what is the flux in each of the left, center,
and right legs of the core? What is the flux density in each air gap?

Solution:
Let draw the equivalent electric circuit
7 30 7 30 7

Φl Φr
7

Φc
30 a b Rl Rr
Rc

Rgl NI Rgr
7

Let calculate the circuit elements

Rl = ll / µr µ0 A = 3*37*10-2 / (2000*4π*10-7*7*7*10-4) = 90.1*103 AT/wb
Rr = lr / µr µ0 A = 3*37*10-2 / (2000*4π*10-7*7*7*10-4) = 90.1*103 AT/wb
Rc = lc / µr µ0 A = 37*10-2 / (2000*4π*10-7*7*7*10-4) = 30*103 AT/wb
Rgl = lgl / µ0 A = 0.05*10-2 / (4π*10-7*7*7*10-4) = 81.2*103 AT/wb
Rgr = lgr / µ0 A = 0.07*10-2 / (4π*10-7*7*7*10-4) = 113.7*103 AT/wb
The equivalent reluctance is:
Req = Rc + ( Rl + Rgl) // ( Rr + Rgr) = 123*103 AT/wb
The flux in the central leg is:
Φc = NI/ Req = 300*1/123*103 = 2.44*10-3 wb
The flux in the right and left legs using flux divider rule are:
Φr = Φc * (Rl + Rgl) / (Rl + Rgl + Rr + Rgr)
= 2.44*10-3 * (90.1+81.2)* 103 /(90.1+81.2+90.1+113.7)* 103
= 1.11*10-3 wb
Φl = Φc * (Rr + Rgr) / (Rl + Rgl + Rr + Rgr)
= 2.44*10-3 * (90.1+113.7)* 103 /(90.1+81.2+90.1+113.7)* 103
= 1.326*10-3 wb
The flux densities are:
Bc= Φc /A = 2.44*10-3 / 7*7*10-4 = 0.49 T
Br= Φr /A = 1.11*10-3 / 7*7*10-4 = 0.22 T
Bl= Φl /A = 1.326*10-3 / 7*7*10-4 = 0.27 T
Ex4: A circular ring of magnetic material has a mean length of 1 m and cross sectional area of
0.001 m2. A saw cut of 5mm width is made in the ring. Calculate the magnetizing current
required to produce a flux of 1 mWb in the air gap if the ring is wound uniformly with a coil of
200 turns. Take relative permeability of the ring material = 500 and neglect leakage and fringing.

g
r

Solution:
B=Φ/A = 1x10-3 / 0.001 = 1Wb/m2
The Ampere- turn for air gap = B*l/µ0 = 1*5*10-3/(4*π*10-7) = 3978 AT
The Ampere- turn for core material = B*l/µ0 µr = 1*1/(4*π*10-7 * 500) = 1591 AT
Total AT = 3978 AT + 1591 AT = 5569
Exciting current = 5569/200 = 27.35 A