Structural Design of g+4 Mixeduse Building and Software Development

ADAMA SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF G+4 MIXEDUSE

BUILDING AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
In Partial Fulfillment of B.Sc. Degree in Civil Engineering
Advisors :
Yohannes Lisanework
Belayneh Mengistu
DATE June, 2012

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF G+4 MIXEDUSE BUILDING AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT June, 2012
GROUP 14
NO GROUP MEMBERS ID
1 GUTU ABEYA R/0299/00
2 HELEN TAFESSE R/0103/00
3 IMAN ABDO R/0294/00
4 R/0063/00
LIYOUWORK BEKELE
5 MATIAS MULATU R/0292/00
6 SOFIA NESRU R/0191/00
7 TSEGA FANTAHUN R/0230/00
Adama Science &Technology University (ASTU) II

Department Of Civil Engineering
STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF G+4 MIXEDUSE

BUILDING AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
APROVED BY ____________________________________________
DATE ______________________ SIGNATURE__________________
DEPARTMENT HEAD________________________________________
DATE ______________________ SIGNATURE__________________
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our greatest thanks from the depth of our heart is to God for endowing us with the
courage, strength as well as health through-out our school time and for the successful
accomplishment of this project.
Next we would like to express our deepest gratitude to our project advisors Ato
Yohannes Lisanework and Ato Belayneh Mengistu for his valuable advice and in
providing relevant hint and his encouragement for the completion of this work.
We also extend our recognitions to all staff of civil engineering department, librarians,
administrative staffs of the faculty and our friends for their contributions from the
beginning to the completion of our work.
Last but not the least, we would like to thank to our parents for giving their countless
material & moral support.
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ABSTRACT
Now a days construction industry plays a great role for the development of a nation in
all aspects. As we all agree, behind every construction activity there must have a
structural analysis and design, from this consideration directly or indirectly structural
analysis and design have a huge application in the development of a nation.
Our team has planned to work on structural analysis and design for G+4 with Basement
floor multipurpose building and software development on slab design using Ethiopian
Building Code of Standard (EBCS 1995) for senior project. The thesis will have an
objective to develop new skill, strength our capacity on structural analysis and design as
well as integrate different discipline for specified and justified problem. Beside this, it will
create awareness for others to develop this project idea for civil engineering profession.
The project will contain detail structural analysis of the building, structural design, detail
working structural drawing, slab design software documentation and comparison of
results between our software and manually computed output.
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Contents
PART ONE ................................................................................................................ XVIII
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1
CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................... 4
GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................. 7
2 ROOF ANALYSIS AND DESIGN.............................................................................. 7
2.1 Wind load ........................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Design load ...................................................................................................... 16
2.3 Design of Purlin ................................................................................................ 17
2.4 Truss Analysis and Design ............................................................................... 21
2.4.1 Loading .......................................................................................................................... 21

2.4.2 Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 24
2.4.3 Design ............................................................................................................................ 35
CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................................ 40
3 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SLAB ....................................................................... 40
3.1 DESIGN PROCEDURE.................................................................................... 40
3.2 GROUND FLOOR SLAB DESIGN ................................................................... 40
3.3 Basement Floor Slab Design............................................................................ 88
CHAPTER 4 .................................................................................................................. 90
4 STAIR CASE DESIGN ............................................................................................ 90
4.1 STAIR SECTION A-A ....................................................................................... 92
4.2 STAIR SECTION B-B ..................................................................................... 105
4.3 STAIR SECTION C-C .................................................................................... 116
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CHAPTER FIVE .......................................................................................................... 130
5 FRAME ANALYSIS ............................................................................................... 130
5.1 Wind load on structure ................................................................................... 130
5.2 Earth quake analysis ...................................................................................... 135
5.2.1 Base Shear Determination ............................................................................................ 136

5.2.2 Distribution of base shear force to each story ............................................................... 138
5.2.3 Calculation of Weights Structure .................................................................................. 139
5.2.4 Determination of center of mass .................................................................................. 146
5.2.5 Determination of center of stiffness ............................................................................. 150
CHAPTER 6 ................................................................................................................ 182
6 BEAM DESIGN ..................................................................................................... 182
CHAPTER SEVEN ...................................................................................................... 206
7 COLUMN DESIGN ............................................................................................... 206
7.1 Determination of Sway or Non-sway condition of substitute frame ................ 211
7.2 Determine Slenderness of a column .............................................................. 222
7.3 Determination of total eccentricity .................................................................. 223
7.4 Reinforcement Design .................................................................................... 228
7.5 Design of column for shear ............................................................................ 229
CHAPTER EIGHT ....................................................................................................... 253
8 Design of shear wall ............................................................................................. 253
8.1 Determination of vertical load ......................................................................... 258
8.1.1 Depth determination .................................................................................................... 258

8.1.2 Load calculation ........................................................................................................... 259
8.1.3 Check depth required for strength ................................................................................ 260
8.1.4 Area of Reinforcement ................................................................................................. 260
8.2 Design for shear ............................................................................................. 261
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8.2.1 Load transfer ................................................................................................................ 263

8.3 Design of shear wall (individual wall) ............................................................. 264
8.3.1 Design the wall basement floor to ground floor ............................................................ 265
8.3.2 Design for shear........................................................................................................... 266
CHAPTER NINE.......................................................................................................... 268
9 FOUNDATION DESIGN ....................................................................................... 268
9.1 Design of Isolated Footing.............................................................................. 270
9.2 Combined Footing Design .............................................................................. 276
9.3 Mat Foundation Design under shear wall ....................................................... 282
ANNEX ............................................................................................................................ 1
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List of Tables
Table 2.1 Area of each zone ........................................................................................ 10
Table 2.2 pressure coefficients for each zone ............................................................... 11
Table 2.3 Exposure for external pressure for each zone ............................................... 11
Table 2.4 Area of each zone ......................................................................................... 13
Table 2.5 pressure coefficient for each zone ................................................................. 14
Table 2.6 Exposure coefficient for external pressure .................................................... 14
Table 2.7 Net pressure coefficient θ = 00 ...................................................................... 15
Table 2.8 Net pressure coefficient θ = 1800 .................................................................. 15
Table 2.9 Net pressure coefficient θ = 900 .................................................................... 16
Table 2.10 Self weight of vertical member of the truss .................................................. 24
Table 2.11 Self weight of diagonal member of the truss................................................ 25
Table 2.12 Self weight of rafter member of the truss ..................................................... 25
Table 2.13 Self weight of horizontal member of the truss .............................................. 25
Table 2.14 Summerized table for member force using force method o analysis ........... 30
Table 2.15 Truss type1 Member for under pressure ................................................... 31
Table 2.16 Truss type1 Member force for under suction .............................................. 32
Table 2.17 Truss type2 Member force under suction and pressure case ...................... 33
Table 2.18 Truss type3 Member force under suction and pressure case ...................... 34
Table 3.1 determination of slab type ............................................................................. 40
Table 3.2 Ground floor panels effective depth ............................................................... 43
Table 3.4 ground floor panels partition load .................................................................. 46
Table 3.6 moment adjustment ....................................................................................... 60
Table 3.7 Ground floor slab reinforcement .................................................................... 68
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Table 3.8 Ground floor slab load transfer ....................................................................... 79
Table 3.9 LL load transfer to frame system ................................................................... 83
Table 3.10 LL load transfer to frame system ................................................................. 85
Table 3.11 Load transfer from strip method analysis..................................................... 88
Table 5.1 Weight of structure ...................................................................................... 145
Table 5.2 Strory shear ................................................................................................. 145
Table 5.3 Center of mass ............................................................................................ 150
Table 5.4 center of stiffness ........................................................................................ 154
Table 5.5 D value determination ................................................................................. 159
Table 5.6 Center of stifness ........................................................................................ 160
Table 5.7 computation of eccentricity .......................................................................... 160
Table 5.8 Computation of frame shear ........................................................................ 170
Table 7.1 sway frame .................................................................................................. 221
Table 7.2 slender frame .............................................................................................. 223
Table 7.3 axial force and moments ............................................................................. 223
Table 7.4 moment calculation ..................................................................................... 228
Table 7.5 Reinforcement Design ................................................................................. 228
Table 7.6 column category .......................................................................................... 249
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List of figures
Figure 2.1 wind direction at =0 .................................................................................... 10
Figure 2.2 When θ = 00 ................................................................................................. 12
Figure 2.3 When θ = 1800 ............................................................................................. 12
Figure 2.4 Wind direction =90...................................................................................... 13
Figure 2.5 External wind pressure loaded on the roof ................................................... 14
Figure 2.6 Purlin ............................................................................................................ 18
Figure 2.7 Loading for load combination 2 .................................................................... 20
Figure 2.10 Truss type -1 Loading................................................................................. 21
Figure 2.11 Truss type -2 loading .................................................................................. 22
Figure 2.13 Truss type -1 Loading................................................................................. 23
Figure 2.16 principle of super position........................................................................... 26
Figure 3.3 Slab moments .............................................................................................. 46
Figure 3.4 panel 12 layout ............................................................................................. 49
Figure 3.5 plan view of slab strips for basic case .......................................................... 50
Figure 3.6 plan view of slab strips for actual case ......................................................... 53
Figure 3.7 Analyzed moments of ground floor ............................................................... 60
Figure 3.8 adjusted moment of ground floor.................................................................. 65
Figure 4.1 Stair Lay out ................................................................................................. 90
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Figure 4.2 Section view of stair A-A .............................................................................. 92
Figure 4.3 Loads on stair A-A........................................................................................ 95
Figure 4.4 Max. Moment determination for stair A-A ..................................................... 96
Figure 4.5 Shear force determination for stair A-A ...................................................... 101
Figure 4.6 shear force diagram for stair A-A ............................................................... 102
Figure 4.7 DL transfer ................................................................................................. 103
Figure 4.8 LL transfer .................................................................................................. 104
Figure 4.9 Section view of stair B-B ............................................................................ 105
Figure 4.10 Loads on stair B-B.................................................................................... 107
Figure 4.11 Max. Moment determination for stair B-B ................................................. 108
Figure 4.12 Shear force determination for stair B-B .................................................... 113
Figure 4.13 shear force diagram for stair A-A ............................................................. 114
Figure 4.14 DL transfer ............................................................................................... 115
Figure 4.15 LL transfer ................................................................................................ 116
Figure 4.16 Section view of stair C-C .......................................................................... 116
Figure 4.17 Loads on stair C-C ................................................................................... 119
Figure 4.18 Max. Moment determination for stair B-B ................................................. 120
Figure 4.19 Shear force determination for stair C-C .................................................... 126
Figure 4.20 shear force diagram for stair C-C ............................................................. 126
Figure 4.21 DL transfer ............................................................................................... 128
Figure 4.22 LL Transfer ............................................................................................... 129
Figure 5.1 3D frame .................................................................................................... 180
Figure 5.2 Deformed Shape ........................................................................................ 181
Figure 5.3 Moment ...................................................................................................... 181
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Figure 7.1 substitute frame ......................................................................................... 220
Figure 8.1 Axial, shear and BM dialgram .................................................................... 264
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OBJECTIVE
As we stated earlier, this team has planned to work on different disciplines that have a
good effort both in the development of new skill for our self and putting some tangible
contribution for our profession. This thesis has wide objectives which are classified into
two categories. Bearing in mind, it may have more objectives than we try to state here.
Based on the Knowledge we gained
Since all the team members are the future responsible civil engineers, this project has
an objective;
 Getting basic structural design knowledge

 Strengthen and accomplishment of different capacity of structural Analysis and
design philosophy
 Relating theoretical knowledge to the actual site condition
 Development of new skills such as development of software and applying
existing software
 Using the courses that we took for required purpose
 Integrating different disciplines
Based on putting some contribution to the profession
The project also has an objective to create an important contribution in the civil
engineering profession.
 To develop software by applying Ethiopian Building codes of Standard(EBCS

1995)
 Creating an awareness for others to develop such kind of idea for either B.Sc
or M.Sc thesis
 Creating a good integration between our profession and computer programing
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Technical Information
The thesis presents structural analysis and design of a multipurpose building. The
building is G+4 with a basement.
The structure is composed of architectural and structural components.
Computation of structural analysis follows static analysis calculates the effects of stead
loading conditions of structure, while ignoring inertia and damping effects such as those
caused by time-varying load. The analysis finally comes up with lateral loads and
vertical loads which have significant effect on the structure and to obtain shear, moment
and deflection.
Structural design involves the determination of different cross sections of the skeletal
part of the building to make it economical, stable and sustainable throughout its design
life with the prime objective of design is safety and serviceability.
Self-weight of structure, imposed load, wind load and earthquake are expected loads on
structure.
Wind load have considerable effect on vertically standing walls, column and beam. The
analysis becomes essential for height of building greater than seven meter. The
influence can be easily studied on roof structures.
The proposed location for the building is in Adama town. The town is placed under a
category of zone 4 according to EBCS 8, 1995. Hence, analysis for the earth quake
becomes vital and the building shall be earth quake resistant which provides an
adequate energy dissipation capacity to the structure without substantial reduction of its
overall resistance against horizontal and vertical loading. Shear wall system is also
provided to stiffen the structure in addition to the frame system.
The overall design of a building includes design of roof, design of slab, design of beam
and column, design of shear wall, design of foundation.
The analysis will be compute using applicable softwares either ETABS V9.0.7
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Structural design and analysis
Component of structural analysis and design
Roof design
In this part we do have a task base on the required requirement

 Wind load analysis
 Roof analysis and design
 Purlin design
 Truss Analysis and Design
 Design of truss members
SLAB AND STAIR CASE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
 Slab design using coefficient method analysis

 Design of slab using strip method of analysis
 Design of ribbed slab
 Design of stair case
 Load transfer to frames
 Vertical loads
 Horizontal loads (Earthquake)
FRAME ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
 Beam Analysis and Design

 Beam design and analysis for flexure
 Shear Reinforcement
 Column Analysis and design
FOUNDATION DESIGN
Specification and code
Design requirements are provided based on Ethiopian Building Code of Standard,

EBCS1995 by applying limit state design approach.
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Software Development
In addition to structural analysis and design, our team has planned to develop analysis
software which specifically targeted on slab design. Obviously, this task needs a lot of
effort and knowledge on others profession. Especially, it needs programing and
software development knowledge. As we all know, we had got an introduction
programing knowledge (C++) in our curriculum which is a starting point for us to go
forward and solving our problem.
We planned to use Visual studio 2010, visual C# programing language for our
program which has a close relationship with C++ programing language.
Component of software development
SLAB ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

In this section we try to state clearly the basic EBCS slab design philosophy and
procedures including all the dependent and independent variables and functions.
PROGRAM ALGORISM
Creating the program algorithm or flow chart which is clearly show how the program
works or execute the task using simple self-explanatory chart.
ENTERING THE CODES AND DEVELOPING THE APPLICATION

All the codes and development of the application working procedure is specified in this
section.
Manual preparation
Prepared manual will be provide in order to everyone use our window application
software easily and genuinely.
Examples
Showing different examples of slab design using our window application software
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PART ONE
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
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INTRODUCTION
The objective of this project is to examine the integrated techniques used in the design
of a building. Now a day’s it is being practical to choose types of structural members for
different criteria especially economy after assuring safety. This project deals about the
structural analysis and design of a G+4 building with a basement floor considering all
the external effects according to EBCS, 1995.
The structural design of this typical building involves design of floor slabs, stairs, beams,
columns, foundation, shear wall and analysis of frames for lateral loads.
The building is composed of solid slab for the floors.
Live load and dead load analysis are made according to the provisions of EBCS-1,
1995. After the minimum depth of slab for serviceability limit state was determined, the
slabs were designed for partition load, floor finish using self-weight load and live loads
according to EBCS-1, 1995. The ground floor slab is designed using coefficient & strip
method according to EBCS-2-1995. Stairs and landings were designed as one-way
slab.
A structural design is executed in such a way that the building will remain fit with
appropriate degrees of reliability and in an economic way. It should sustain all the
actions and influences during execution and use. Therefore, structural design focuses
on structural safety and serviceability with due durability. It must also optimize the cost
expended in building the structure and maintenance.
This structural design is executed based on the Ethiopian Building Code of Standard
(EBCS) prepared in 1995 E.C. This code follows the Limit State design approach.
Limit state is a state beyond which the structure no longer satisfies the design
performance requirements. It consists of two states namely Ultimate Limit and
serviceability Limit states.
Ultimate Limit states are conditions related with collapse or states prior to structural
failure. Its main concern is the safety of structure and people. Serviceability Limit states
are those associated to conditions beyond which a structure does not accomplish
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specified service requirements. It is mainly concerned about the function of construction

works, comfort of people, and appearance.
The objective of design is structural safety and serviceability. In case the structure fails,
it must be in such a way it will minimize risks. It must extend the time for evacuation of
people inside a building
This requirement of structural design is accomplished by the principle called ductility.
Ductility allows yielding of steel reinforcement prior to the collapse of the building.
Yielding of steel bars warns the start of failure of a structure or its part. Therefore,
structures are designed to be under reinforced by certain percent to assure ductility
mode of failure if it happens.
Design criteria for building
To analyze or design a structure, it is necessary to establish criteria for determining

whether a given structure is acceptable for use in a specified circumstance or for use
directly as a design objective that must be met.
Design consideration
Safety:
Safety implies the likelihood of partial or total collapse of the structure is acceptably low
not only under normal expected loads (service loads), but also under abnormal but
probable overloads (such as due to earthquake or extreme wind). Collapse may occur
due to various possibilities such ad exceeding the load bearing capacity, overturning,
sliding, buckling, fatigue etc.
Serviceability:
Serviceability implies satisfactory performance of the structure under service loads,

without discomfort to the user due to excessive deflection, cracking, vibration etc. Other
considerations that come under the preview of serviceability are durability, acoustic and
thermal insulation, etc.
The structure must be able to carry the design load safely without excessive material

distress and with deformations with in an acceptable range. The ability of a structure to
carry loads safely and without material distress is achieved by using safety factors in the
design of the element. By altering the size, shape, and choice of material, stresses in a
structure can be maintained at safe levels and such that material distress.
The design of beams and columns is done for the critical moment’s shears and axial
loads obtained from the live load combinations of the selected axis. Beams were
designed according to EBCS-2, 1995 provisions.
To simplify the design procedure calculation is done using designed Excel spread
sheets.
The size of the footing was determined from the bearing capacity of the soil; the
thickness of the footing is determined from punching and wide beam shear.
For the analysis of frames, the restrained conditions at the foundation level are
assumed fixed. Loads acting on beams from slab reactions and walls directly resting on
beams and lateral load acting on the frame were added to self-weight of beams to find
total load acting on beams. All the significant loads are inserted and analyzed for five
load combinations using ETABS Nonlinear V9.7.0

CHAPTER 1
GENERAL
The design of any structure is categorized in to functional design and structural design.
Functional design: the structure to be constructed should primarily serve the basic
purpose for which it is to be used and must have a pleasing look.
Structural design: it is an art and science of understanding the behavior of structural

members subjected to loads and designing them with economy and elegance to give a
safe, serviceable and durable structure.
Design situations
The severe conditions which can be foreseen to occur in the life time of the building
include:
1. Persistent and transient situations
2. Seismic situations
3. Accidental situation
Design Considerations and material property
Concrete
The main measure of structural quality of concrete is its compressive strength. Our code
EBCS2 -1995 recommends concrete grade based on a test of 150mm cube at the age
of 28 days in terms of its characteristic compressive strength (fcu).
Class I workmanship and ordinary loading condition is used. In which values are
measured by weight and using mixer. It requires less safety factor.
Concrete grade C-25 C denotes the characteristic compressive strength in MPa.
Partial safety factor c =1.5
Compressive strength:
fck = 0.8*25 = 20MPa where fck is the characteristic compressive strength of cylinder

tests.
fcd = = 11.33Mpa where the design characteristic compressive strength of


cylinder tests.
Characteristic tensile strength
As it is difficult to obtain accurate data because of hardening problems empirical

relations are used to obtain tensile strength.
fctk= 0.21(fck)2/3
=1.5 MPa
fctd = 0.21 (fck)2/3/c
= 0.21* (20)2/3/1.5 = 1.03Mpa
Where: fctk = tensile strength of concrete
: fck = characteristic cylindrical compressive strength in MPa.
The ultimate stress in concrete for design purpose is:
fcu = 0.85fck
The ultimate strain in concrete for design purpose is taken as 0.0035
The unit weight of concrete is 24 KN/m3
Reinforcement steel
Characteristic properties of reinforcement bar is expressed using its yielding strength fyk
and is given as:
Steel grade S-300 where S = characteristic strength of steel in MPa.
Partial safety factor: s=1.15
fyk = 300Mpa where f yk is characteristic tensile strength of steel.
fyd = fyk/s = 300/1.15 = 260.87MPa.
Where fyd is the design tensile strength of steel.

Es = 200GPa where Es = Modulus of elasticity of steel.
Maximum spacing
Smax = minimum of {
Design load
Partial safety factor for actions in building structure for persistent and transient design
situation is taken for unfavorable condition. Factor of safety for permanent and variable
loading condition are 1.3 and 1.6 respectively (EBCS 2 table 3.3).
Design method
Design of a certain structure involves determination of cross sectional dimensions, area

of steel and their distribution and the area and spacing of transverse bars satisfying all
strength and service equipment.
Design is needed for:
- Fitness for purpose- no restriction for use of structure for which it is built.
- Safety- assured by different codes for loading, materials and design constriction
- Durability – by selecting the right material and consideration in design process
- Good value for money
- External appearance and
- User comfort
For this typical project Limit state design philosophy is adopt.
A limit state is a state of impending failure, beyond which a structure ceases to perform
its intended function satisfactorily, in terms of either safety or serviceability i.e. it either
collapses or become unserviceable.

CHAPTER TWO
2 ROOF ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
In the design of roof the major loads which are applied on roof are wind load and live
load. The action of wind can be of the type of suction or pressure to our structures both
externally or internally. However these effects are more magnified for structures with
more openings and large surface areas. Therefore our focus is on the most sensitive
part of the building that is the roof.
Our roof type is Monopich roof and under category- IV Urban Area from table
3.3[EBCS2, 1995] since our building is located in Adama town. There for the
characteristic dead load is
Qk=1KN , qk = 0.25KN/m2
2.1 Wind load
According to EBCS1, Art 3.5.2, the wind pressure acting on the external surface of a
structure shall be:
We=qref*Ce(Ze)*Cpe
And the internal pressure acting on the internal surfaces becomes,
Wi=qref*Ce(Zi)*Cpi
Where: qref=reference mean wind velocity
Ce(Ze)= exposure coefficients for external pressure
Ce(Zi)=exposure coefficients for internal pressure
Ze,Zi= reference height defined in Appendix A of

EBCS1

qref  Vref 2
2
Where: ρ= air density in Kg/m3

Vref = reference wind velocity
For Ethiopia Vref= 22m/s
Cdir=Ctemp=Calt=1
Vref=Cdir*Ctemp*Calt*Vref=22m/s
For altitude of 1600 m, ρ=0.988 Kg/m3 (Adama)
0.988
qref  * 22 2  239.096 N / m2  0.2391KPa
2
The exposure coefficients Ce(Z) can be simply read from table 3.5 of EBCS 1.
Ze= h =18.10 m
Where h – building height
For Z= 18.1 m >Zmin = 16m category- IV Urban Area from table 3.3[EBCS2, 1995]
since our building is located in Adama town, the roughness coefficient C r (Z) become
Cr Z
0.67 16m
x=0.693
X 18.10
Cr = 0.693
0.82 30m
Topography coefficient (Ct) becomes
Ct=1 for ø<0.05
For category IV building (table 3.5 of EBCS-1) for Ct=1
Ce Z
1.56 16m
X 18.10

2.04 30m
x=1.632
Ce = 1.632 (by linear interpolation).
Calculation of Cpe and Cpi
The roof type is Mon pitch roof type
I. CASE 1: Wind direction at Ө = 00
e=b or 2h whichever is smaller
e=min (40.1, 2*18.1) = min. (40.1, 36.2) =36.2m

Figure 2.1 wind direction at =0
Zones Area of each zone(m2)
F 9.05*3.62= 32.761
G 22*3.62= 79.04
H 8.18*40.1= 328.018
Table 2-1 Area of each zone

All zone areas are greater than 10 m2
The pressure coefficients for each zone are given in Table A-4 EBCS-1, 1995

Peach Zone θ = 00 Zone θ = 1800

angle
F G H F G H
α
Cpe10 Cpe1 Cpe10 Cpe1 Cpe1 Cpe1 Cpe10 Cpe1 Cpe10 Cpe1 Cpe10 Cpe1
50 -1.7 -2.5 -1.2 -2.0 -0.6 -1.2 -2.3 -2.5 -1.3 -2.0 -0.8 -1.2
-1.29 - -0.99 - - -
2.25 1.75 0.45 0.75
10.10 -2.40 - -1.3 -2.0 -0.85 -1.2
2.65
+0.102 +0.102 +0.102
-0.9 -2.0 -0.8 -1.5 -0.3 -0.3 -2.5 -2.8 -1.3 -2.0 -0.9 -1.2
150
+0.2 +0.2 +0.2 - - -
Table 2-2 pressure coefficients for each zone
Zone θ = 00 Zone θ = 1800
Zone F G H F G H
-1.292 -0.996 -0.447 -2.402 -1.3 -0.851
Cpe
+0.102 +1.02 +0.102 - - -
Table 2-3 Exposure for external pressure for each zone

Both +ve and -ve values are given for zones F,G and H, the most critical value should
be selected when considering combinations with internal pressure coefficients.

Figure 2.2 When θ = 00
Figure 2.3 When θ = 1800
II. CASE 2: Wind direction at Ө = 900
e=b or 2h whichever is smaller
e=min (11.8 , 2*18.1) = min. (11.8, 36.2) =11.8m

Figure 2.4 Wind direction =90
Zones Area of each zone(m2)
F 3.9 * 1.18 = 6.962
G 5.9 * 1.18 = 6.962
H 4.72 * 11.8 = 55.692
I 34.2 * 11.8 = 403.56
Table 2-4 Area of each zone
Peach Zone θ = 900

angle α
F G H I
Cpe10 Cpe1 Cpe10 Cpe1 Cpe1 Cpe1 Cpe10 Cpe1
50 -1.6 -2.2 -1.8 -2.0 -0.6 -1.2 +0.5

10.10 -1.447 -2.098 -1.851 -2.255 -0.702 -1.2 -0.112 -0.367
150 -1.3 -2.0 -1.9 -2.5 -0.8 -1.2 -0.7 -1.2
Table 2-5 pressure coefficient for each zone

The pressure coefficients for each zone are given in Table A-4 EBCS-1, 1995
Zone θ = 900
Zone F G H I
Cpe -2.098 -2.255 -0.702 -0.112
Table 2-6 Exposure coefficient for external pressure
Figure 2.5 External wind pressure loaded on the roof

Internal pressure
For closed buildings with internal partitions and openings
Cpi = 0.8 or –0.5
Net pressure = W net= W e-W i
=qref*Ce(z)*[Cpe-Cpi]

=0.2391*1.632*(Cpe-Cpi)
= 0.390*(Cpe-Cpi)
Zone for wind direction θ = 00
Zone F G H
Cpe -1.292 0.102 -0.996 0.102 -0.447 0.102
Cpi 0.8 -0.5 0.8 -0.5 0.8 -0.5
Cpe -Cpi -2.092 0.602 -1.796 0.602 -1.247 0.602
NET P, -0.816 0.235 -0.7 0.235 -0.486 0.235
Table 2-7 Net pressure coefficient θ = 00

Zone F G H
Cpe -2.402 -1.3 -0.851
Cpi 0.8 0.8 0.8
Cpe -Cpi -3.202 -2.1 -1.651
NET P, -1.249 -0.819 -0.644
Zone F G H I
Cpe -2.098 -2.255 -0.702 -0.122
Cpi 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Cpe -Cpi -2.898 -3.055 -1.502 -0.912
NET P, -1.13 -1.191 -0.586 -0.356

Maximum suction pressure& positive pressure will be taken for design. The critical
suction wind pressure is found to be when the wind is at Ө=180 0
W net (-ve) = -1.249KN/m2
And critical positive wind pressure is found to be when the wind is at Ө=00
W net (+ve) = 0.235KN/m2
2.2 Design load
The loads consider in the design of purlins and truss member are Wind load (suction &
pressure), Self weight of the roof covering (sheet), Self weight of purlin, Self weight of
truss and Live load.
I. Wind load;
Maximum suction=1.249KN/m2 and
Maximum pressure=0.235KN/m2
II. Self-weight of the roof covering, we select EGA-300 & thickness=0.0004m
Weight = 3.14 Kg/m or 0.0314KN/m
To determine per area load, the weight is divided by width of the sheet
= 0.0314 KN/m /0.823m
=0.0382 KN/m2
II. Self-weight purlins member we select truss for our purline and trial section is
ST 25 with 2mm thickens for horizontals member and ST 14 for other with 2mm
thickens.
ST 25 – Weight =1.36 kg/m or 0.01334 KN/m
ST 14 – Weight =0.45 kg/m or 0.0044 KN/m
Point load calculation and determination of purloin spacing
By looking into the wind pressures and referring “MANUAL OF COLD FORMED

WELDED STRUCTURAL AND FURNITURE STEEL TUBING “(from kaliti steel
Industry) for selected EGA-300 with thickness of 0.4mm,
The possible loads on purloin
DL=0.0382KN/m2, LL=0.25KN/m2
Case-1 wind load (+ve pressure)
WL=0.235KN/m2* cos10.1=0.23 KN/m2
Load combination
Pd=1.3DL + 1.6LL + WL
Pd=1.3(0.0382) + 1.6(0.25) + 0.23 =0.679 KN/m2
So from table taking this load and thickness of EGA the purloin spacing is found to be
= 1.75 m
Case-2 Wind load (-ve) (suction)
Pd=1.3(0.0382) + 1.6(0.25) – 1.249KN/m2 *cos10.1
= -0.7799 KN/m2
From table for this loading purloin spacing will be 1.9m
Use purloin spacing of 1.75m.
2.3 Design of Purlin
Purlin c/c spacing = 1.75 m
Truss c/c spacing = 6.0 m
13 @ 0.41 m 14 x 14 (ST 14)
25 x 25 (ST 25)
Adama Science &Technology University (ASTU)6.0 m 17

Figure 2.6 Purlin
Loading
 Dead load of EGA-300 sheet
=0.0382 KN/m2 x purlin spacing x EGA sheet width /2
=0.0382 KN/m2 x1.75 m x 0.41m
=0.027 KN
Load parallel to the rafter

=0.027 KN x Cos 10.10 = 0.0266 KN
Load perpendicular to the rafter
=0.027 KN x Sin 10.10 = 0.0047 KN
 Dead load of purlin
At each joint on purline, the dead load will be
= (0.01334 KN/m x 0.41 m) + (0.0044 KN/m x 2*(0.45m/2))
=0.0075 KN/m
=0.0075 KN x Cos 10.10 = 0.0074 KN
=0.0075 KN x Sin 10.10 = 0.0013 KN

 Uniformly distributed live load

=0.25 KN/m2 x purlin spacing x EGA sheet width /2
=0.25 KN/m2 x 1.75 m x 0.41m
=0.179 KN
=0.179 KN x Cos 10.10 = 0.176 KN
=0.179 KN x Sin 10.10 = 0.03 KN

 Concentrated live load
=1 KN x Cos 10.10 = 0.985 KN
= 1 KN x Sin 10.10 = 0. 175KN

 Wind load
Suction pressure
=-1.249KN/m2x 1.75m x 0.41m = -0.896 KN
Positive pressure
=0.235KN/m2x 1.75m x 0.41m = 0.169 KN
Load combination
There are three loads combination for the analysis and design of purlin and truss
member
i. Load combination - 1
Pd =1.3(Dead load) + 1.6(Distributed Live load) + Wind load
=1.3(0.0266 + 0.0074) + 1.6(0.176) + 0.169
=0.495KN

ii. Load combination - 2
Pd =1.3(Dead load) + 1.6(Concentrated Live load) + Wind load
=1.3(0.0266 + 0.0074) + 0.169
=0.213 KN with 1.576KN concentrated load
iii. Load combination -3
Pd =1.3(Dead load) + 1.6(Live load) - Suction pressure
=1.3((0.0266 + 0.0074) + 1.6(0.176) +(-0.896)
= -0.57 KN
0.495 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.495
0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074
6.0 m
Figure 2.8 Loading for load combination 1
0.213 0.213 0.213 0.213 0.213 0.213 0.213 1.789 0.213 0.213 0.213 0.213 0.213 0.213 0.213
0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074
6.0 m

-0.57 -0.57 -0.57 -0.57 -0.57 -0.57 -0.57 -0.57 -0.57 -0.57 -0.57 -0.57 -0.57 -0.57 -0.57
0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074
6.0 m

Maximum results
Compression = -3.27 KN
Tension = 10.934 KN
Reaction force which is transferred to truss =5.608 KN down ward
Reaction force which is transferred to truss =12.06 KN up ward
2.4 Truss Analysis and Design
Reaction forces from purlin: Maximum reaction forces transferred to truss join are;
5.608KN down ward and 12.06KN upward
2.4.1 Loading
A. Lading for pressure case
 Vertical force = 5.608 KN *Cos10.10 = 5.52 KN
 Horizontal force =5.608 KN *Sin10.10 = 0.983KN
We do have three type of truss
Figure 2.10 Truss type -1 Loading

Figure 2.11 Truss type -2 loading
B. Loading for suction pressure

 Vertical force = 12.06KN *Cos10.10 = 11.87KN
 Horizontal force =12.06 KN *Sin10.10 = 2.11 KN

Figure 2.13 Truss type -1 Loading

2.4.2 Analysis
I. Truss type -1
Pressure case
By taking the trial section for vertical and diagonal member 50x50x3RHS and for rafter
and horizontal member 60x60x3RHS, the dead load for each members are calculated
below
A) Vertical member
Member Length(m) Unit Weight (KN)

Weight(kg/m)
DK 0.16 4.25 0.00667
EL 0.47 4.25 0.0196
FM 0.77 4.25 0.032
GB 1.07 4.25 0.0446
HN 1.37 4.25 0.057
IO 1.68 4.25 0.07
JC 2.1 4.25 0.0875
Table 2-10 Self weight of vertical member of the truss

B) Diagonal member

Weight(kg/m)
DL 1.59 4.25 0.066
EM 1.68 4.25 0.07
FB 1.8 4.25 0.075
GN 1.95 4.25 0.081
HO 2.13 4.25 0.088

IC 2.33 4.25 0.097
Table 2-11 Self weight of diagonal member of the truss
C) Rafter member

Weight(kg/m)
AD 1.24 5.34 0.065
Other .
member 1.75 5.34 0.092
Table 2-12 Self weight of rafter member of the truss

D) Horizontal member

Weight(kg/m)
AK 1.24 5.34 0.065
Other .
member 1.75 5.34 0.092
Table 2-13 Self weight of horizontal member of the truss

All members Design dead load are added to each joint by dividing each member dead
load into two and transferred to each adjacent joint. Here is the final load diagram for
analysis

The analysis is done using Force Method of Analysis
Principle of super position
The structural indeterminacy can be checked by
DI = (m + r ) – (2j)
Where; DI – Degree of indeterminacy
m – No of members
r – No of reaction
j – No of joint
DI = (27 + 4) – (2*15) =1
Therefore, 1
Figure 2.16 principle of super position
Compatibility Equation
These equation is find out the displacement or rotation at a point where there is a
redundant force or moment and should be expressed in terms of unknown redundant
∆B = 0
Using Castigliano’s theorem for truss
Where; ∆ - External joint displacement of truss

N- Internal force in a member caused by both the force P and the load on the truss
L- Length of member
A-Cross section area of the member
P – External force applied to the truss joint in the direction ∆
External force; external force P in our case will be By in the direction of displacement
Internal force; the method of joint is used to determine the force N to each truss
member and finally the required data are summarized in table form.
∑Fy = 0,
Ay + By + Cy =
(1.92+3.8+3.831+3.836+3.845+3.85+3.855+3.864+3.868+3.877+3.882+1.948+0.054
+0.077+0.083+0.0865+0.091+0.0975+0.1065+0.11+0.12+0.124+0.101)
Ay + By + Cy = 47.27KN
Ay + By = 47.27KN – Cy………………………… (1)
∑Fx = 0, Cx = 0.335*2 + 0.669*11
=8.03 KN
∑MB = 0,
By*5.25 + Ay*11.8 = ((0.173 + 5.696)*1.75 +( 5.685 + 0.161)*3.5 +(5.675+0.152)*5.25

+(5.664 +0.143)*7 +(5.657+0.135)*8.75 + (5.60+0.125)*10.5 +(2.83)*11.8 + 0.16*0.492
+(0.47+0.77+1.07+1.37+1.38)*0.983+ 2.1* 0.492
Ay =21.38 -0.44By……………………… …… (2)
Substituting Equation (2) to Equation (1),
Ay +By = 47.27 – Cy
Cy = 25.89 – 0.56By

Joint A
∑Fy = 0, Ay = NAD Sin 10.10
NAD = 121.92 – 2.51By
∑Fx = 0, NAD Cos10.10= NAK
NAK = 120.03 – 2.47 By
Joint K
∑Fy = 0, NKD = 0.125
∑Fx = 0, NKA = NKL
NKL = 120.03 – 2.47 By
Joint D
∑Fy = 0, NDE Sin10.10 + NKD + NDL Sin 5.20 = NDA Sin 10.10
0.175 NDE +0.125+ 0.087 NDL = 21.173 –0.418By…..(1)
∑Fx = 0, 5.60 + NDA Cos10.10 + NDL Cos 5.20 = NDE Cos 10.10
0.985 NDE – 0.996 NDL =125.63 – 2.47By……… (2)
Using simultaneous equation,
NDE = 124.92– 2.53 By
NDL=-6.68+0.03By

Joint L
∑Fy = 0, NLD Sin 10.10 + NLE = 0.135
NLE = 1.31 – 0.00525By
∑Fx = 0, NLD Cos 10.10 + NLK = NLM
NLM = 113.45 – 2.44By
All member force is summarized on the following table
A(10-
Member Member force δN/δBy (L/AE)(δN/δBy) N(L/AE)(δN/δBy)
Length(m) E(106) 4
)
AD 121.92 -2.51 By 1.3 200 6.61 -2.51 9.380E-06 1.144E-03 -2.354E-05 By
AK 120.03 -2.47 By 1.3 200 6.61 -2.47 9.380E-06 1.126E-03 -2.317E-05 By
KL 120.03 -2.47 By 1.75 200 6.61 -2.47 1.324E-05 1.589E-03 -3.270E-05 By
KD 0.125 0 By 0.16 200 5.41 0 1.479E-06 1.848E-07 0.000E+00 By
DL -0.068 0.03 By 1.59 200 5.41 0.03 1.470E-05 -9.993E-07 4.409E-07 By
DE 124.92 -2.53 By 1.75 200 6.61 -2.53 1.324E-05 1.654E-03 -3.349E-05 By
-
LE 1.31 0.0053 By 0.47 200 5.41 -0.01 4.344E-06 5.690E-06 -2.280E-08 By
LM 113.45 -2.44 By 1.75 200 6.61 -2.44 1.324E-05 1.502E-03 -3.230E-05 By
EF 109.69 -2.518 By 1.75 200 6.61 -2.52 1.324E-05 1.452E-03 -3.333E-05 By

EM -16.55 0.0122 By 1.68 200 5.41 0.012 1.553E-05 -2.570E-04 1.894E-07 By
MB 97.463 -2.43 By 1.75 200 6.61 -2.43 1.324E-05 1.290E-03 -3.217E-05 By
MF 4.446 -0.003 By 0.77 200 5.41 -0 7.116E-06 3.164E-05 -2.135E-08 By
FG 93.64 -2.513 By 1.75 200 6.61 -2.51 1.324E-05 1.240E-03 -3.327E-05 By
FB -18.25 0.0053 By 1.8 200 5.41 0.005 1.664E-05 -3.036E-04 8.817E-08 By
BN 80.673 -2.425 By 1.75 200 6.61 -2.43 1.324E-05 1.068E-03 -3.210E-05 By
BG 7.452 -1.002 By 1.07 200 5.41 -1 9.889E-06 7.369E-05 -9.909E-06 By
GH 77.532 -1.224 By 1.75 200 6.61 -1.22 1.324E-05 1.026E-03 -1.620E-05 By
GN -19.92 1.4933 By 1.95 200 5.41 1.493 1.802E-05 -3.590E-04 2.691E-05 By
NH 10.52 0.742 By 1.37 200 5.41 0.742 1.266E-05 1.332E-04 9.395E-06 By
NO 63.741 -3.694 By 1.75 200 6.61 -3.69 1.324E-05 8.438E-04 -4.890E-05 By
HI 61.197 -2.009 By 1.75 200 6.61 -2.01 1.324E-05 8.101E-04 -2.659E-05 By
HO -21.67 -0.981 By 2.13 200 5.41 -0.98 1.969E-05 -4.266E-04 -1.931E-05 By
OC 46.66 4.467 By 1.75 200 6.61 4.467 1.324E-05 6.177E-04 5.913E-05 By
OI 13.52 0.567 By 1.68 200 5.41 0.567 1.553E-05 2.099E-04 8.804E-06 By
IC -23.64 -0.691 By 2.33 200 5.41 -0.69 2.153E-05 -5.091E-04 -1.488E-05 By
IJ 44.868 -4.201 By 1.75 200 6.61 -4.2 1.324E-05 5.939E-04 -5.561E-05 By
CJ 14.72 -2.01 By 2.1 200 5.41 -2.01 1.941E-05 2.857E-04 -9.728E-05 By
∑= o analysis 1.484E-02
Table 2-14 Summerized table for member force using force method -4.598E-04 By
( ) 0.01484 -4.598 x 10-4 By = ∆B = 0
Therefore, 0.01484 -4.598 x 10-4 By = 0

By = = 32.27 KN
The entire member force can be found by substituting By to each equation and the
following result is obtained.
Member Member force Member Member force
AD 40.92 BN 2.42
AK 40.32 BG -24.88
KL 40.32 GH 38.03
KD 0.13 GN 28.27
DL 0.90 NH 34.46
DE 43.28 NO -55.46
LE 1.14 HI -3.63
LM 34.71 HO -53.33
EF 28.43 OC -97.49
EM -16.16 OI 31.82
MB 19.05 IC -45.94
MF 4.35 IJ -90.70
FG 12.55 CJ -50.21
FB -18.08
Table 2-15 Truss type1 Member for under pressure

Member Member force Member Member force
AD -57.46 BN -40.79
AK 57.51 BG -45.74
KL 56.55 GH 10.49
KD -1.09 GN 48.01
DL -28.86 NH -26.72
DE -25.12 NO -0.70
LE 4.71 HI -2.61
LM 26.26 HO 19.46
EF 12.83 OC 14.18
EM -35.19 OI -12.39
MB -7.78 IC 0.88
MF 10.55 IJ -1.08
FG 49.02 CJ -5.91
FB -36.84
Table 2-16 Truss type1 Member force for under suction

II. Truss type -2
By taking the same trial section and analysis procedure with truss type 1, the following
final analysis output obtained:
Member force Member force

Member Under pressure Under suction
case (KN) case (KN)
BN 1.21 -0.77
GB -10.59 10.87
GH -9.34 8.27
GN 8.83 -6.96
HI -7.95 6.95
HO -2.74 4.25
IC -11.62 12.64
IJ 0.18 -0.92
JC -3.61 6.13
NH -4.29 6.56
NO 8.82 -7.15
OC 6.00 -3.14
OI 2.64 -0.38
Table 2-17 Truss type2 Member force under suction and pressure case

C) Truss type -3
Member Member Member Member force

Member force under force under Member force under under
pressure(KN) suction(KN) pressure(KN) suction(KN)
AD -90.55 117.28 GN -20.59 40.10
AK 88.06 -113.16 HI -15.63 30.68
BN 43.89 -85.54 HN 11.66 -22.01
DE -82.47 100.88 HO -22.47 43.58
DK -1.29 2.87 IC -24.61 47.42
DL -10.55 21.24 IJ 0.90 -1.00
EF -65.15 126.07 IO 14.72 -27.88
EL 2.23 -3.96 JC -3.02 6.00
EM -17.69 34.87 KL 89.82 -116.36
FB -18.97 37.19 LM 78.15 -102.93
FG -48.63 94.59 MB 61.04 -95.17
FM 5.50 -10.22 NO 26.70 -51.98
GB 8.58 -16.20 OC 9.50 -18.52
GH -32.13 62.56
Table 2-18 Truss type3 Member force under suction and pressure case

From the six loading on trusses the maximum and compression form the axial force
diagrams are selected as:
2.4.3 Design
1. Rafter and Horizontal member Design
P = 126.07 KN (Tension), P = -116.36 KN (Compression)
Trial section of the rafter: 60x60x3 SHS Kaliti steel
A = 6.61 cm2 r = 2.28 cm
I =35.14 cm4 Iz =56.4 cm4
Wpl = 13.95 cm3 Ct = 17.65 cm3
Wel = 12.2 cm2 Weight = 5.19 Kg/m
I. Class of section
Referring to table 4.1 of EBCS-3, 1995, for web with neutral axis at mid-depth
√ ⁄ √ ⁄
⁄ = ⁄

II. Check for Buckling
The design buckling resistance of a compression member is given in section 4.5.4.2 of

EBCS-3, 1995.
The values of can be obtained using relevant buckling curve and the non-dimensional
slenderness ratio calculated as:
̅ ( )√
,
=1.015
̅ ( )√
For cold formed hollow section, the appropriate curve is curve ‘b’, as indicated in table
4.1 of EBCS-1, 1995.
For , the value of the reduction factor ( ) is found on curve ‘b’ and is equal to

III. Check for Tension
( ) ( )
2. Vertical and Diagonal member Design
P = 48.01 KN (Maximum Tension), P = -45.74 KN (Maximum Compression)
Trial section of the rafter: 50x50x3 SHS Kaliti Steel
A = 5.41 cm2 r = 1.9 cm
I =19.5 cm4 Iz =56.4 cm4
Wpl = 9.39 cm3 Ct = 11.8 cm3
Wel = 7.79 cm3 Weight = 4.25 Kg/m
I. Class of section
Referring to table 4.1 of EBCS-3, 1995, for web with neutral axis at mid-depth
√ ⁄ √ ⁄
⁄ = ⁄

II. Check for Buckling
The design buckling resistance of a compression member is given in section 4.5.4.2 of

EBCS-3, 1995.
The values of can be obtained using relevant buckling curve and the non-dimensional
slenderness ratio calculated as: -
̅ ( )√
=1.3
̅ ( )√
For cold formed hollow section, the appropriate curve is curve ‘b’, as indicated in table
4.1 of EBCS-1, 1995.
For , the value of the reduction factor ( ) is found on curve ‘b’ and is equal to

III. `Check for Tension
( ) ( )

CHAPTER THREE
3 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SLAB
3.1 DESIGN PROCEDURE
There are two types of slabs based on the load transferring mechanisms. These are
one way and two way slabs. If Ly/Lx>2 one way and Ly/Lx≤2 two way where Ly is
longer span and Lx is shorter span.
One way slab transmit their load in one direction while two way slabs resist applied load
in two directions.
These types of slabs are composed of rectangular panels supported at all four edges by
beams and are stiff enough to be treated as unyielding.
The reinforcement bar, in one way slab, main steel is provided along with short span
only and the load is transferred to two opposite supports and in two-way slab, main
steel is provided in both directions.
3.2 GROUND FLOOR SLAB DESIGN
In the ground floor there are:

- Slabs with four side support
- Slab with hole
Determination of slab whether the slab is one way or two-way
panel No. Ly Lx Ly/Lx SLAB TYPE
P1 6.50 5.00 1.30 Two way
P2 6.50 6.00 1.08 Two way
P3 6.50 6.00 1.08 Two way
P4 6.00 3.10 1.94 Two way
P5 6.50 6.00 1.08 Two way
P6 6.50 6.00 1.08 Two way
P7 5.00 5.00 1.00 Two way
P8 6.00 5.00 1.20 Two way
P9 6.00 5.00 1.20 Two way
P10 6.00 5.00 1.20 Two way
P11 6.00 5.00 1.20 Two way Table 3-1 determination of slab type

Figure 3.1 Ground floor Slab layout

Panel 12 is a slab with hole and is treated using strip method. other slabs are treated
using coefficient method of analysis according to EBCS.
A. Determination of depth for deflection for two way panels.
( )
Where d = minimum depth for deflection in mm
βa= the appropriate constant which is a function of the boundary

condition and span ratio. It is given on table 5.1 of EBCS-2 1995
fyk = the characteristic strength of the reinforcement bar (Mpa)
Le = the effective span, for two way slab the shorter span (m)
Figure 3.2 Slab section view
simply
member End span Interior Span Cantilever
supported
Beam 20 24 28 10
slab
a. span ratio 2:1 25 30 35 12
b. span ration 1:1 35 40 45 10
EBCS 2 -1995 Table 5.1

Effective depth determination for ground floor slabs
Panel No. Le Span ratio Span Type βa Effective Depth (mm)

P1 5000 1.3 End span 33 128.79
P2 6000 1.08 End span 30.8 165.58
P3 6000 1.08 End span 30.8 165.58
P4 3100 1.935 End span 39.36 66.95
P5 6000 1.08 End span 30.8 165.58
P6 6000 1.08 End span 30.8 165.58
P7 5000 1 End span 30 141.67
P8 5000 1.2 End span 32 132.81
P9 5000 1.2 End span 32 132.81
P10 5000 1.2 End span 32 132.81
P11 5000 1.2 End span 32 132.81
dmax= 165.58
Table 3-2 Ground floor panels effective depth

Assume ɸ10 in both directions. To satisfy requirements for durability provide adequate
cover to reinforcement. EBCS recommends 15mm thick concrete cover for building of
normal habitat.
Overall depth
D= dmax + ɸavg + concrete cover
= 165.58+10+15
= 190 mm
Use D= 200mm
d= 200-15-10=175mm
B. Load calculations
The slab is loaded with both DL and LL. Dead load comes from self-weight of slab, floor
finish, cement screed, plastering and partition load. Live loads are either movable or
moving load without any acceleration or impact.
Dead and live loads are calculated depending on the service of the slabs and self-
weight. Ignoring any localized effects caused by concentrated load, the partition loads

are distributed over the area of the slab. The design loads are factored according to the
following formula.
Where
Pd =total factored design load
DL = total dead load on slab
LL= total live load on slab

Live
Panel No. service of panel load Dead load (KN/m2)
(KN/m2)
16cm thick RC slab = 0.16*24=3.84
2cm thick plastering in one side = 0.02*23= 0.46
1, 2 ,3 shoping area 5 3 cm thick cement screed = 0.03*23= 0.69
3 cm thick marble floor finish= 0.03*27 = 0.81
total DL = 5.8
Design load = (1.3*5.8)+(1.6*5) = 15.54 KN/m2
16cm thick RC slab = 0.16*24=3.84
5&6 bank 5 3 cm thick cement screed = 0.03*23= 0.69
total DL = 5.8
Design load = (1.3*5.8)+(1.6*5) = 15.54 KN/m2
16cm thick RC slab = 0.16*24=3.84
4 & 10 public corridor 3 3 cm thick cement screed = 0.03*23= 0.69
total DL = 5.8
Design load = (1.3*5.8) + (1.6*3) =12.34 KN/m2
16cm thick RC slab = 0.16*24=3.84
3 cm thick cement screed = 0.03*23= 0.69
public corridor & 3 cm thick marble floor finish= 0.03*27 = 0.81
7 ,8 ,9 5
shop partition load= max
(((25KN/m3*12.075m2*0.004m)/25m2))+((27*0.056m2*38.4
4m)/25m2)) , 1.5) = max(0.28, 1.5) = 1.5 KN/m2
total DL= 7.3
Design load =(1.3*7.3)+(1.6*5) = 17.49KN/m2
16cm thick RC slab = 0.16*24=3.84
3 cm thick cement screed = 0.03*23= 0.69
public corridor & 3 cm thick marble floor finish= 0.03*27 = 0.81
11 ,12 5
bank partition load= max
(((25KN/m3*14.433m2*0.004m)/25m2))+((27*0.056m2*44.3
7m)/25m2)) , 1.5) = max(0.3277, 1.5) = 1.5 KN/m2
total DL = 7.3
Design load =(1.3*7.3)+(1.6*5) = 17.49KN/m2
Table 3-3 dead load and live load on ground floor panels

Check if the partition wall load is greater than 20%
If the total load on a typical panel is greater than 20% analysis is computed using strip
method this results to economical section and reinforcement bar.
For panel from P 7-11 provided partition load is 1.5KN/m2 the rest panels we don’t have
partition load.
panel panel Total Partition

no area DL(KN/m2) DL(KN) Area DL(KN/m2) Total PL(KN) percent condition
7 25 5.8 145 12.13 1.5 18.1965 12.55
8 30 5.8 174 12.13 1.5 18.1965 10.46
9 30 5.8 174 12.13 1.5 18.1965 10.46 <20%
10 30 5.8 174 14.49 1.5 21.7335 12.49
11 30 5.8 174 14.49 1.5 21.7335 12.49
Table 3-4 ground floor panels partition load
Since all the partition loads are less than 20%, all panels are analyzed and designed
using coefficient method of analysis.
C. Analysis of Individual panels
Slab analysis using Coefficient method.
Slab moments
Figure 3.1 Slab moments
M= αipdLx2
Support and field moment analysis computed in the following table.

support span Bending moment coeficients Bending Moments

Panal Pd Lx2
condition ratio αxs αxf αys αyf Mxs mxf Mys Myf
1 1.3 15.54 25 0.069 0.051 0.047 0.036 26.81 19.81 18.26 13.99
2 1.08 15.54 36 0.043 0.032 0.039 0.029 24.06 18.01 21.82 16.22
3 1.08 15.54 36 0.043 0.032 0.039 0.029 24.06 18.01 21.82 16.22
3 1.08 15.54 36 0.054 0.041 0.047 0.036 30.32 22.83 26.29 20.14
4 1.935 12.34 9.61 0.087 0.066 0.039 0.03 10.34 7.79 4.62 3.56
5 1.08 15.54 36 0.054 0.041 0.047 0.036 30.32 22.83 26.29 20.14
5 1.08 15.54 36 0.043 0.032 0.039 0.029 24.06 18.01 21.82 16.22
6 1.08 15.54 36 0.054 0.041 0.047 0.036 30.32 22.83 26.29 20.14
7 1 17.49 25 0.047 0.036 0.047 0.036 20.55 15.74 20.55 15.74
8 1.2 17.49 25 0.056 0.042 0.039 0.03 24.49 18.36 17.05 13.12
9 1.2 17.49 25 0.056 0.042 0.039 0.03 24.49 18.36 17.05 13.12
10 1.2 12.34 25 0.056 0.042 0.039 0.03 17.28 12.96 12.03 9.26
11 1.2 17.49 25 0.056 0.042 0.039 0.03 24.49 18.36 17.05 13.12
Table 3-5 ground floor Support and field moment

For panel 3 and 5 the following two cases are considered
Case 1 case 2
Field moments are provided by considering case 1 and support moments are provided
using case 2.
Same principle is adopted for panel 5.
Analysis of Panel 12 using Strip Method
Strip method
It is a lower bound approach based on satisfaction of equilibrium requirements

everywhere in the slab. By the strip method (sometimes referred to as the equilibrium
theory) a moment field is first determined that fulfills equilibrium requirements, after
which the reinforcement in the slab at each point is designed for this moment field. If a
distribution of moments can be found that satisfies both equilibrium and boundary
conditions for a given external loading and if the yield moment capacity of the slab is
nowhere exceeded, then the given external loading will represent a lower bound of the
true carrying capacity.
The analysis applys Hillerborg’s theory.
Lower bound theorem : if , for external loads, it is possible to find a distribution of

moments that satisfies equilibrium requirements, with the moment not exceeding the yield
moment at any location, and if the boundary conditions are satisfied then the given load is a
lower bound of the true carrying capacity.
 It gives result on the safe side which is certainly preferable in practice

 It is a design method by which the needed reinforcement can be calculated.
 It encourages the designer to the reinforcement in a local way, leading to an
economical arrangement in a logical way
 It is simple to use, even for slab with holes.

Figure 3.2 panel 12 layout
A. Depth for deflection
( )
βa for end span and 1:1.2 span ration is 38 which is obtained by interpolation.
d≥ (0.4 + 0.6(300/400))*5000/38
≥ 111.8mm
Use ɸ10 and concrete cover 15mm.
D= 111.8+10+15 =131.8mm
Use over all depth of slab same as other panels; D=200mm
B. `Loading
Half of panel is bank and half of panel serves as corridor. LL= 5KN/m 2
Partition load = 0.3277<1.5 thus use 1.5KN/m2
Total dead load= 5.8+1.5= 7.3 KN/m2
Total design load = (1.3*7.3) + ( 1.6*5) = 17.49 KN/m2

C. Analysis /Moment calculation
CASE 1: BASIC CASE
moments for the ‘Basic case’ without hole will be calculated and later used as a guide in
selecting moments for the actual slab with hole.
Figure 3.3 plan view of slab strips for basic case
In order to get a suitable relation between the support and span moment, α should be
chosen.
Hillerborg recommended that α shall be chosen in the range of 0.35 to 0.39 which gives
corresponding ratios of negative to positive moments from 2.45 to 1.45.
Let’s take α=0.35
Moment in X- direction
Middle strip
Mxf= =
= 6.69KN.m

Mxs =
= 16.39KN.m
(16.39)/ (6.69) = ((1-2*0.35)/0.352)
2.45 = 2.45 …………………….OK!
Edge strip
Mxf=
= (0.352)*(17.49)(52)/16
= 3.347KN.m
Mxs=
= (1-2*0.35)(17.49*52)/16
= 8.2KN.m
Moments in x-direction edge strip are ½ of middle strip because the load is half as
greater.
Moment in Y- direction
Middle strip

= (0.352*17.49*52)/2
= 26.78KN.m
= (1-2*0.35)*(17.49*52)/2
= 65.58KN.m
(65.58/26.78) = (1-2*0.35/0.352)
2.45= 2.45…………OK!
Edge Strip
Myf=
= (0.352*17.49*52)/16
= 3.35KN.m
Mys=
= ((1-2*0.35)*17.49*52)/16
= 8.2KN.m
Moment in Y direction edge strips are 1/8 of middle strip.

CASE 2: ACTUAL CASE
Figure 3.4 plan view of slab strips for actual case
STRIP E-E
Same as Y direction Edge strip of basic case
STRIP F-F
Same as Y direction Middle strip of basic case
STRIP A-A
Restraint moment at the support edge will be taken to be the same as the basic case
hence:
Take X-direction edge strip Mxs = 8.2 KN.m

(8.745*1.625*1.625/2)-8.2= w*1.5(0.75+0.875+1.625)
w= 1.03 KN/m2
Location of zero shear (Mmax)
8.745(x) = 1.03(1.5)
X = 0.177m
Mxf + (8.745*0.177*0.177/2) = 1.03*1.5(0.75+0.875+0.177)
Mxf + 0.137 = 2.78
Mxf = 2.65 KN.m
STRIP B-B
Take moment of X- direction middle strip Mxs = 16.39KN.m
(17.49*1.625*1.625/2)-16.39 = (w2*1.5)*(0.75+0.875+1.625)
W 2 = 1.37 KN/m2

17.49(x) = 1.37(1.5)
X = 0.117m
Mxf + (17.49*0.117*0.117/2) = (1.37*1.5)*(0.75+0.875+0.117)
Mxf = 3.48 KN.m
STRIP G-G
Take moment of Y- direction middle strip Mys = 65.58KN.m
65.58 + (w3*0.5)*(0.25+2.29) = (17.49*2.29*2.29/2)
W3 = -15.53 KN/m2
The negative value indicates that the cantilever strip are serving as supports for strip K-
K and in turn for the strong bands in Y-direction, which is hardly a reasonable
assumption. Instead, a discontinuity line will be assumed 2.29m from the support
terminating the cantilever and leaving the 0.5m strip K-K along the edge of the opening
in the x direction to carry its own load. It follows that the support moment in the
cantilever strip is:
Mys
= (17.49*2.292)/2

Mys = 45.86 KN.m
STRIP H-H
Take moment of Y- direction Edge strip Mys= 8.2 KN.m
(8.745*1.625*1.625/2) = (w4*0.5)*(0.5+0.665+1.625) + 8.2
W4 = 2.4KN/m2
8.745(x) = (2.4*0.5)
X = 0.137m
Myf + (8.745*0.137*0.137/2) = (2.4*0.5)*(0.25+0.665+0.15)
Myf = 1.2KN.m
STRIP C-C
(17.49*0.875*0.875/2) = (w5*1.5)*(0.75+0.625+0.875)
W 5 = 2.975KN/m2

17.49(x) = (2.975*1.5)
X = 0.255m
Mxf+ (17.49*0.255*0.255/2) = (2.975*1.5)*(0.75+0.625+0.255)
Mxf = 6.705KN.m
STRIP D-D
(8.745*0.875*0.875/2)= (w6*1.5)*(0.75+0.625+0.875)
W6 = 1.49KN/m2
8.745(x) = 1.49(1.5)
X = 0.255m
Mxf + (8.745*0.255*0.255/2) = (1.49*1.5)*(0.75+0.625+0.255)
Mxf = 3.35KN.m
STRIP I-I
Strip I-I is strong band to resist moment which comes from strip H-H. Strip G-G can
resist the load by its own as expressed above.
Load on this strip is design load plus load from strip H-H, load of strip G-G is not added

17.49 + 2.4 = 19.89KN/m2
(19.89*0.875*0.875/2) = (w7*1.5)*(0.75+0.625+0.875)
W7 = 2.26KN/m2
19.89(x) = 2.26(1.5)
X = 0.17m
Mxf + (19.89*0.17*0.17/2) = (2.26*1.5)*(0.75+0.625+0.17)
Mxf = 4.95KN.m
STRIP J-J
Strip J-J is strong band to resist load from strip D-D, C-C, I-I, B-B and strip A-A. There
is also a stair which transfers its load to this band. (The analysis of stair is found in the
next chapter)
Load from stair
From reaction A = 35.36KN
The strong band has a width of 1.5m and length of 2.21m.
Dividing the reaction to the strip area gives a distributed load of 10.67 KN/m2.

Design load plus load from strip D-D: 17.49+1.49 = 18.98KN/m2
Design load plus load from strip C-C: 17.49+2.975 = 20.465KN/m2
Design load plus load from strip I-I, strip B-B and strip C-C:
17.49+2.26+2.975+1.37=24.095 KN/m2
Design load plus strip B-B and load from stair gives : 17.49+1.37+10.67 = 29.53KN/m2
Design load plus strip A-A and load from stair gives: 17.49+1.03+10.67=29.19KN/m2
Analysis using SAP2000 V14 gives
Mys = 59.53KN.m
Myf = 36.26KN.m
D. Moment Adjustment
For each support over which the slab is continuous there will thus generally be two
different support moments. The difference may be distributed between the panels on
either side of the support to equalize their moments, as in the moment distribution
method for frames.
Two methods of differing accuracy are given here for treating the effects of this
redistribution on moments away from the support.
EBCS 2, 1995 article A.3.3.1 No.3 and 4
When differences between initial support moments are less than 20 percent of the
larger moment
EBCS 2, 1995 article A.3.3.2 No.1
Support adjustment:
M = (MR – ML)/MR * 100
If M≤20% use averaging on adjacent moments (MR+ML)/2
If M>20% use moment distribution or distribute based on relative stiffness.

M = MR- KR/ (KR+KL) *M……… considering the right moment
M = ML+ KL/ (KR+KL) *M……… considering the left moment
Where k= 1/Lx
panel method of finding adjusted

between MR ML (MR-ML)/MR adjusted moment moment
1 and 2 26.81 24.06 10.3 average 25.435
2 and 3 24.06 24.06 0.0 no adjustment 13.17
3 and 4 24.06 4.62 80.8 moment distribution 10.22
1 and 7 20.55 18.26 11.1 average 16.525
2 and 8 24.49 21.82 10.9 average 17.075
3 and 9 24.49 21.82 10.9 average 17.9
5 and 11 24.49 21.82 10.9 average 16.115
7 and 8 20.55 17.05 17.0 average 17.075
8 and 9 17.05 17.05 0.0 average 17.64
Table 3-6 moment adjustment

Analyzed moment (unadjusted)
Figure 3.5 Analyzed moments of ground floor

Between P1 and P2
(1/2)*(26.81-24.06) = 25.435KNm.
Between P3 and P4
= (24.06) – (1/3.1)/((1/3.1)+(1/3.1))*(24.06-4.62) = 14.34KNm.
= (4.62) + (1/3.1)/((1/3.1)+(1/3.1))*(24.06-4.62) = 14.34KNm.
Between P4 and P5
= (24.06) – (1/3.1)/((1/3.1)+(1/3.1))*(24.06-4.62) = 14.34KNm.
Where k= 1/Lx
= (4.62) + (1/3.1) / ((1/3.1) + (1/3.1))*(24.06-4.62) = 14.34KNm.
Between P5 and P6
(1/2)*(30.32+24.06) = 27.19KN.m
Between P1 and P7
(1/2)*(20.55+18.26) = 19.4KN.m
Between P2 and P8 = between P3 and P9
= (1/2)*(24.49+21.82)
= 23.155KN.m
Between P4 and P10

= (17.28) – (1/6)/((1/6)+(1/6))*(17.28-10.34) = 13.81KNm.
= (10.34) + (1/6)/((1/6)+(1/6))*(17.28-10.34) = 13.81KNm.
Between P5 and P11
= (1/2) * (24.49+21.82)
= 23.155KN.m
Between P7 and P8
= (1/2) * (20.55+17.05)
= 18.8KN.m
Between P9 and P10, P10 and P11
= (17.05) – (1/6)/((1/6)+(1/6))*(17.05-12.03) = 14.54KNm.
= (12.03) + (1/6)/((1/6)+(1/6))*(17.05-12.03) = 14.54KNm.
Field adjustment
If the support moment is decreased, the span moments Msf and Myf are increased
allow for the changes of support moments.
Mxd = Mxf + CxM’
Mdxf = Mxf + CxM’
Mdyf = Myf + CyM’
Cx and Cy are obtained from EBCS 2-1995 Appendix 1 table A.2
Panel 1
Moment decrease in longer direction

Take the value of Cx and Cy which is a function of Lx/Ly
Cx = 0.373 Cy = 0.35
Mdxf = 19.81+ (0.373)(26.81-25.435) = 20.32KN.m
Mdyf = 13.19 + (0.35)(26.81-25.435) = 13.67KN.m
Panel 2
Don’t need adjustment because the support moment increased
Panel 3
Support moment is decreased on longer side
Cx = 0.3608 Cy = 0.232
Mdxf = 22.83+ (0.3608)*(24.06-14.34) = 26.337KN.m
Mdyf = 20.14 + (0.232)*(24.06-14.34) = 22.395KN.m
Panel 4
Don’t need adjustment because the support moment increased
Panel 5
Support moment decreased on longer side
Cx = 0.3608 Cy = 0.232
Mdxf = 22.83 + (0.3608)(24.06-14.34) = 26.337KN.m
Mdyf = 20.14 + (0.232)(24.06-14.34) = 22.395KN.m
Panel 6
Support moment decreased on longer side
Cx = 0.3608 Cy = 0.232
Mdxf = 22.83 + (0.3608)( 30.32-27.19) = 23.96KN.m
Mdyf = 20.14+ (0.232)(30.32-27.19) = 20.87KN.m
Panel 7

Support moment decreased on shorter side
Cx = 0.38 Cy = 0.28
Mdxf = 15.74 + (0.38)(20.55-18.8) = 10.467KN.m
Mdyf = 15.74+ (0.28)(20.55-18.8) = 16.21KN.m
Panel 8
Support moment decreased in longer direction
Cx = 0.344 Cy = 0.364
Mdxf = 18.36 + (0.344)(24.49-23.155) = 18.82KN.m
Mdyf = 13.43 + (0.364)(24.49-23.155) = 13.58KN.m
Panel 9
Moment decreased in short direction
Cx = 0.338 Cy = 0.172
Mdxf = 18.36 + (0.338)(17.05-14.54) = 19.21KN.m
Mdyf = 13.12+ (0.172)(17.05-14.54) = 13.551KN.m
Panel 10
Support moment decreased in longer direction
Cx = 0.344 Cy = 0.364
Mdxf = 12.96+ (0.344)(17.28-13.81) = 14.15KN.m
Mdyf = 9.26+ (0.364)(17.28-13.81) = 10.52KN.m
Panel 11
Support moment decreased in the shorter direction
Cx = 0.338 Cy = 0.172
Mdxf = 18.36+ (0.338)(17.05-14.57) = 19.2KN.m
Mdyf = 13.12 + (0.172)(17.05-14.57) = 13.55KN.m

Adjusted Moments
Figure 3.6 adjusted moment of ground floor
For the slab analyzed using strip method, we provide reinforcement with the existing
moment without adjusting since strip method by itself is safe and economical.
E. Check depth of slab for flexure
Considering maximum moment: M = 59.85KN.m
[ √ ]
2.5/28.78 = 0.08686
2f
cd
= (0.32*28.782*11.33) = 3003.04

[ √ ]
ρ = (0.08686 0.0703)
ρ = 0.0785 or ρ = 0.00828
ρmin =
Thus use ρ=0.00828 which is in between ρmin and ρmax
Design depth is 175mm which is equal to depth for deflection which is 175mm thus the
depth is safe for flexure.
F. Reinforcement provision
Provide φ10
As = (1/4) (D2)
= (1/4*3.14*102)
= 78.5 mm2
For panels having larger spacing than the specified one provide φ8 reinforcement bars.
Maximum pacing
Smax = {

Adjusted
Panel Moment Km Ks As S calculated S provided
moment
Mxf 20.32 27.32 4.021 605.17 130 ɸ10 c/c 130
Myf 13.67 22.41 3.973 402.27 195 ɸ10 c/c 190
1
Mxs 25.44 30.57 4.056 764.17 103 ɸ10 c/c 100
Mys 19.40 26.69 4.011 576.40 136 ɸ10 c/c 130
Mxf 18.01 25.72 3.999 533.50 147 ɸ10 c/c 140
Myf 16.22 24.41 3.986 478.91 164 ɸ10 c/c 160
2
Mxs 24.06 29.73 4.048 721.44 109 ɸ10 c/c 100
Mys 23.16 29.16 4.014 688.48 114 ɸ10 c/c 110
Mxf 26.34 31.10 4.062 792.35 99 ɸ10 c/c 90
Myf 22.40 28.68 4.036 669.53 117 ɸ10 c/c 110
3
Mxs 14.34 22.95 3.976 422.38 186 ɸ10 c/c 180
Mys 23.16 29.16 4.041 693.19 113 ɸ10 c/c 110
Mxf 7.79 16.92 3.950 227.93 344 ɸ10 c/c 200
Myf 3.56 11.44 3.950 104.16 482 ɸ8c/c 200
4
Mxs 13.81 22.52 3.974 406.53 124 ɸ10c/c 120
Mys 14.34 22.95 3.976 422.34 186 ɸ10 c/c 180
Mxf 26.34 31.10 4.061 792.26 99 ɸ10 c/c 90
Myf 22.40 28.68 4.036 669.53 117 ɸ10 c/c 110
5
Mxs 27.19 31.60 4.066 818.92 96 ɸ10 c/c 90
Mys 23.16 29.16 4.041 693.11 113 ɸ10 c/c 110
Mxf 23.96 29.67 4.047 718.21 109 ɸ10 c/c 100
6 Myf 20.87 27.69 4.024 622.08 126 ɸ10 c/c 120
Mys 59.85 46.89 4.330 1919.63 59 ɸ12 c/c 60
Mxf 16.21 24.40 3.986 478.62 164 ɸ10 c/c 160
7 Myf 10.47 19.61 3.954 306.57 256 ɸ10 c/c 200
Mys 18.80 26.28 4.006 557.87 141 ɸ10 c/c 140
Mxf 18.82 26.29 4.006 558.47 141 ɸ10 c/c 140
8 Myf 13.58 22.33 3.973 399.60 196 ɸ10 c/c 190
Mys 17.05 25.03 3.999 505.06 155 ɸ10 c/c 150
Mxf 19.21 26.56 3.974 565.45 139 ɸ10 c/c 130
9 Myf 13.55 22.31 3.972 398.70 197 ɸ10 c/c 190
Mys 14.54 23.11 3.977 428.34 183 ɸ10 c/c 180
Mxf 14.15 22.80 3.976 416.71 188 ɸ10 c/c 180
10 Myf 10.52 19.66 3.954 308.15 163 ɸ8 c/c 160
Mys 14.54 23.11 3.977 428.38 183 ɸ10 c/c 180
Mxf 19.20 26.56 3.882 552.11 142 ɸ10 c/c 140
11 Myf 13.55 22.31 3.972 398.67 197 ɸ10 c/c 190
Mys 14.97 23.45 3.980 441.30 178 ɸ10 c/c 170
Panel Moment Value Km Ks As S calculated S provided
I-I Mxf 4.13 15.05 3.950 120.84 416 ɸ 8 c/c 200

Table 3-7 Ground floor slab reinforcement

Reinforcement provision for slab analyzed using strip method
Moments are taken from actual case and basic case
Strip A-A
Moment from basic case Mxf = 3.347KN.m
Moment from actual case Mxf = 2.65KN.m
Total field moment = 3.34 + 2.65 = 5.99KN.m
Total support moment = 8.2KN.m
Field reinforcement
√⁄ √ ⁄
= =18.13
Ks= 3.95 from EBCS 2 PART2 table no.1a
= (3.95*5.99/0.135) =175.26 mm2/m
Provide 3ɸ10 c/c 200
Support reinforcement
√⁄ √ ⁄
= =21.21
Ks = 3.965 from EBCS 2 PART2 table no.1a
= (3.965*8.2/0.135)240.83 mm2/m
Provide 3 ɸ10 c/c 200mm
Strip B-B

Total field moment = 6.69+3.48 = 10.17KN.m
Field reinforcement
√⁄ √ ⁄
= =23.62
Ks =3.9788 from EBCS 2 PART2 table no.1a
= (3.9788*10.17/0.135) =299.74mm2/m
Provide 4ɸ10 c/c 200mm
√⁄ √ ⁄
= =29.998
Ks = 4.0438 from EBCS 2 PART2 table no.1a
= (4.0438*16.39/0.135) = 490.95mm2/m
Provide 7ɸ10c/c150mm
Strip C-C
Field reinforcement

√⁄ √ ⁄
= =27.116
Ks = 4.015
= (4.015*13.4/0.135) = 398.53 mm2/m
Provide 5ɸ10c/c 190mm
√⁄ √ ⁄
= =29.998
Ks = 4.0438
= (4.0438*16.39/0.135) = 490.95mm2/m
Strip D-D
Field reinforcement
√⁄ √ ⁄
= =19.17
Ks =3.95

= (3.95*6.697*/0.135) = 195.95mm2/m
Provide3ɸ10c/c200mm
√⁄ √ ⁄
= =21.21
Ks = 3.965
= (3.965*8.2/0.135) = 240.83 mm2/m
Strip E-E
Moment from basic case Myf = 3.35KN.m
Total field moment = 3.35KN.m
Field reinforcement
√⁄ √ ⁄
= =13.56
Ks = 3.95
= (3.95*3.35/0.135) = 98.01

√⁄ √ ⁄
= =21.21
Ks = 3.965
= (3.965*8.2/0.135) = 240.83 mm2/m
Provide ɸ10c/c200mm
Strip F-F
Field reinforcement
√⁄ √ ⁄
= =38.33
Ks = 4.142
= (4.142*38.33/0.135) = 1176.07mm2/m
Provide 11ɸ12 c/c 90mm
√⁄ √ ⁄
= =59.99
Ks = 4.71
= (4.71 * 65.58/0.135) = 2280mm2/m

Provide 15ɸ14 c/c60mm
Strip G-G
Support moment = 45.86KN.m
Field reinforcement
√⁄ √ ⁄
= =38.33
Ks =4.142
= (4.142 * 26.78/0.135) = 821.68mm2/m
√⁄ √ ⁄
= = 50.16
Ks = 4.414
= (4.414*45.86)/0.135 =1499.4mm2/m
Strip H-H
Moment from actual case Myf = 1.2KN.m

Field reinforcement
√⁄ √ ⁄
= = 15.8
Ks = 3.95
= (3.95*4.55/0.135) = 133.13mm2/m
√⁄ √ ⁄
= =21.21
Ks = 3.965
= (3.965*8.2/0.135) = 240.83 mm2/m
Provide ɸ10c/c200mm
Strip I-I
Total field moment = 6.69 + 4.95 =11.64KN.m
Field reinforcement
√⁄ √ ⁄
= = 25.27

Ks =3.993
= (3.993*11.64/0.135) = 344.28mm2/m
√⁄ √ ⁄
= =29.998
Ks = 4.0438
= (4.0438*16.39/0.135) = 490.95mm2/m
Strip J-J
Moment from actual case Myf = 36.26KN.m
Total support moment = 59.53
For strong band (field reinforcement)
Strip J-J has maximum moment which is 63.04KN.m so check the value of ρ
ρb =
εs =
= = 0.0013
εc = 0.0035
ρb = ( )

= 0.0253
ρmax = 0.75ρb
= (0.75*0.0253)
ρmax = 0.019
ρmin = =
ρmin = 0.00167
⟦ √ ⟧
C1 =
m= =
C1 =
C2 = 0.32m2fcd
= (0.32*28.782*11.33)
= 30003.04
⟦ √ ⟧
= 0.0668]
=0.0768 or = 0.01
ρ is in between ρmax and ρmin, thus use ρ=0.01 to determine area of reinforcement.
As = ρbd
= 0.01*1500*135 = 2025 mm2
Provide φ14

Spacing s= 1500 as/As
= (1500*153.86)/2025
= 114mm
Use φ14 c/c 110mm
Number of bar = As/as
= 2025/153.86 = 13.16 bars
Use14 φ14 c/c 110mm
√⁄ √ ⁄
= = 57.15
Ks = 4.679
= (4.679*59.53/0.135) = 2063.48mm2/m
Provide 14ɸ14c/c 70mm

G. Load transfer
Support Span
Panel Shear pd Lx BVx Bvy Vx Vy 0.92Vx 0.92Vy
condition ratio
Vx1 0.33 25.641 23.59
Vx2 0.5 38.85 35.742
1 1.3 15.54 5
Vy1 0.26 20.202 18.5858
Vy2 0.4 31.08 28.5936
Vx1 0.384 35.804 32.94
Vx2 0.384 35.804 32.94
2 1.08 15.54 6
Vy1 0.24 22.378 20.5874
Vy2 0.36 33.566 30.8811
Vx1 0.384 35.804 32.94
Vx2 0.384 35.804 32.94
3 Vy1 1.08 15.54 6 0.24 22.378 20.5874
Vy2 0.36 33.566 30.8811
Vx1 0.375 14.353 13.205
Vx2 0.558 21.347 19.639
4 1.94 12.34 3.1
Vy1 0.36 13.771 12.6697
Vy2 0.36 13.771 12.6697
Vx1 0.384 35.804 32.94
Vx2 0.384 35.804 32.94
5 Vy1 1.08 15.54 6 0.24 22.378 20.5874
Vy2 0.36 33.566 30.8811
Vx1 0.432 40.28 37.057
Vx2 0.284 26.48 24.362
6 1.08 15.54 6
Vy1 0.26 24.242 22.303
Vy2 0.4 37.296 34.3123
Vx1 0.4 34.98 32.182
Vx2 0.26 22.737 20.918
7 1 17.49 5
Vy1 0.26 22.737 20.918
Vy2 0.4 34.98 32.1816
Vx1 0.44 38.478 35.4
Vx2 0.29 25.361 23.332
8 Vy1 1.2 17.49 5 0.36 31.482 28.9634
Vy2 0.36 31.482 28.9634
Vx1 0.44 38.478 35.4
Vx2 0.29 25.361 23.332
9 Vy1 1.2 17.49 5 0.36 31.482 28.9634
Vy2 0.36 31.482 28.9634

Vx1 0.44 27.148 24.976

Vx2 0.29 17.893 16.462
10 1.2 12.34 5
Vy1 0.36 22.212 20.435
Vy2 0.36 22.212 20.435
Vx1 0.44 38.478 35.4
Vx2 0.29 25.361 23.332
11 1.2 17.49 5
Vy1 0.36 31.482 28.9634
Vy2 0.36 31.482 28.9634
Table 3-8 Ground floor slab load transfer

H. Check Shear Resistance
According of EBCS-2, 1995, Art 4.5.3.1 .The shear force Vc carried by the concrete is
members without significant axial forces shall be taken as
Vc = 0.25fctdk1k2bwd
fctd = 1.03Mpa
K1 = 1 + 50ρ ≤2
ρ = 0.009456
ρmin = 0.5/fyk = 0.5/300 = 0.0016
ρ > ρmin
Using ρactual
K1 = 1 + 50 ρ
= 1 + (50*0.009456) = 1.47 ≤2 ……………..safe
K2 = 1.6 – d >1 where d is in meter

= 1.6 - 0.165 = 1.435 >1 ………………… .….safe
= 0.25*1.03*1.47*1.435*1000*0.165= 89.62KN
Using ρmin
K1 = 1 + 50 ρ
= 1 + (50*0.00167) = 1.08 ≤2 ……………..safe
K2 = 1.6 – d >1
= 1.6 - 0.165 = 1.435 >1 ………………………….safe
= 0.25*1.03*1.08*1.435*1000*0.165= 65.84KN
Vd obtained from analysis = 35.742KN
Vc>Vd ………………………Safe and it is not necessary to add reinforcement for

shrinkage
I. Development length for longitudinal reinforcement
All reinforcement shall be properly anchored for each end with due consideration for
the effect of arch action and shear cracks. To prevent bond failure the tension or
compression in any bar at any section due to ultimate loads shall be developed on each
side of the section by an appropriate embedment length or end anchorage or a
combination. Therefore hooks may be used in developing bars in tension.
The basic anchorage length lb for a bar of diameter F
   f yd  [EBCS-2, 1995 Art 7.1.6]

l b    
 4 
 f bd


f bd  2 f ctd
2 * 1.03 = 2.06MPa
F 10 is used

lb = (10/4) * (260.87/2.06) = 316.59mm
Ascal
lbnet  alb  lb min
Aseff
a = 1.0 for straight bar anchorage in tension or compression.
Where:- As, cal = theoretical area of reinforcement required by the design
As, eff = the area of reinforcement actually provided
A =1 straight bar anchorage in tension or compression
lb, min = the min. anchorage length
For bars in tension
lb ,min  0.3lb  10 ....or...  200mm

 lb ,min  0.3 * 326.1  10 * 8......or..  200mm
lb ,min  97.81mm.....or...  80mm....or...  200mm
lbmin {
Therefore lb, min = 200mm
HENCE lbnet > lbmin
Required anchorage length
As ,cal
l b , net  1* 260.87 *  200mm
As ,eff
As ,cal
l b , net  260.87 *  200mm
As ,eff
1919.63
l b , net  260.87 *  200mm
1921.68
l b , net  260.6mm  200mm
Therefore provide effective anchorage length of at least 200 mm

J. Load transfer to frame system
Un-factored dead and live loads are loaded for analysis to transfer loads to the frame
system.
Load Transfer By Applying LL
Support Span
Panel Shear LL Lx BVx Bvy Vx Vy 0.92Vx 0.92Vy
condition ratio
Vx1 0.33 8.25 7.59
Vx2 0.5 12.5 11.5
1 1.3 5 5
Vy1 0.26 6.5 5.98
Vy2 0.4 10 9.2
Vx1 0.384 11.52 10.5984
Vx2 0.384 11.52 10.5984
2 1.08 5 6
Vy1 0.24 7.2 6.624
Vy2 0.36 10.8 9.936
Vx1 0.384 11.52 10.5984
Vx2 0.384 11.52 10.5984
3 1.08 5 6
Vy1 0.24 7.2 6.624
Vy2 0.36 10.8 9.936
Vx1 0.375 3.4894 3.21021
Vx2 0.558 5.1898 4.77459
4 1.94 3 3.1
Vy1 0.36 3.348 3.0802
Vy2 0.36 3.348 3.0802
Vx1 0.384 11.52 10.5984
Vx2 0.384 11.52 10.5984
5 1.08 5 6
Vy1 0.24 7.2 6.624
Vy2 0.36 10.8 9.936
Vx1 0.432 12.96 11.9232
Vx2 0.284 8.52 7.8384
6 1.08 5 6
Vy1 0.26 7.8 7.176
Vy2 0.4 12 11.04
Vx1 0.4 10 9.2
Vx2 0.26 6.5 5.98
7 1 5 5
Vy1 0.26 6.5 5.98
Vy2 0.4 10 9.2
Vx1 0.44 11 10.12
Vx2 0.29 7.25 6.67
8 1.2 5 5
Vy1 0.36 9 8.28
Vy2 0.36 9 8.28
Vx1 0.44 11 10.12
Vx2 0.29 7.25 6.67
9 1.2 5 5
Vy1 0.36 9 8.28
Vy2 0.36 9 8.28

Vx1 0.44 6.6 6.072

Vx2 0.29 4.35 4.002
10 1.2 3 5
Vy1 0.36 5.4 4.968
Vy2 0.36 5.4 4.968
Vx1 0.44 11 10.12
Vx2 0.29 7.25 6.67
11 1.2 5 5
Vy1 0.36 9 8.28
Vy2 0.36 9 8.28
Table 3-9 LL load transfer to frame system

Load Transfer By Dead Load
Support Span
Panel Shear DL Lx BVx Bvy Vx Vy 0.92Vx 0.92Vy
condition ratio
Vx1 0.33 9.57 8.8044
Vx2 0.5 14.5 13.34
1 1.3 5.8 5
Vy1 0.26 7.54 6.9368
Vy2 0.4 11.6 10.672
Vx1 0.384 13.363 12.2941
Vx2 0.384 13.363 12.2941
2 1.08 5.8 6
Vy1 0.24 8.352 7.6838
Vy2 0.36 12.528 11.526
Vx1 0.384 13.363 12.2941
Vx2 0.384 13.363 12.2941
3 1.08 5.8 6
Vy1 0.24 8.352 7.6838
Vy2 0.36 12.528 11.526
Vx1 0.375 6.7461 6.20641
Vx2 0.558 10.034 9.23087
4 1.94 5.8 3.1
Vy1 0.36 6.4728 5.955
Vy2 0.36 6.4728 5.955
Vx1 0.384 13.363 12.2941
Vx2 0.384 13.363 12.2941
5 1.08 5.8 6
Vy1 0.24 8.352 7.6838
Vy2 0.36 12.528 11.526
Vx1 0.432 15.034 13.8309
Vx2 0.284 9.8832 9.09254
6 1.08 5.8 6
Vy1 0.26 9.048 8.3242
Vy2 0.4 13.92 12.806
Vx1 0.4 14.6 13.432
Vx2 0.26 9.49 8.7308
7 1 7.3 5
Vy1 0.26 9.49 8.7308
Vy2 0.4 14.6 13.432

Vx1 0.44 16.06 14.7752

Vx2 0.29 10.585 9.7382
8 1.2 7.3 5
Vy1 0.36 13.14 12.089
Vy2 0.36 13.14 12.089
Vx1 0.44 16.06 14.7752
Vx2 0.29 10.585 9.7382
9 1.2 7.3 5
Vy1 0.36 13.14 12.089
Vy2 0.36 13.14 12.089
Vx1 0.44 12.76 11.7392
Vx2 0.29 8.41 7.7372
10 1.2 5.8 5
Vy1 0.36 10.44 9.6048
Vy2 0.36 10.44 9.6048
Vx1 0.44 16.06 14.7752
Vx2 0.29 10.585 9.7382
11 1.2 7.3 5
Vy1 0.36 13.14 12.089
Vy2 0.36 13.14 12.089
Table 3-10 LL load transfer to frame system

Load transfer from panel computed using strip method
LL = 5KN/m2
DL = 7.3KN/m2

Load transfer using basic case

By applying Dead load
Direction Location Loading Reaction (KN)
A B
x middle 11.87 6.38
x edge 5.925 3.2
y middle 23.725 12.775
y edge 5.93 3.19
Load transfer using actual case

Direction Strip Loading Reaction(KN)
A B
x A-A 5.93
x B-B 11.86
y G-G 16.7
y H-H 5.39
x C-C 5.148
x D-D 2.36
x I-I 7.14
y J-J 38.36 33.79

Load transfer using basic case

By applying Live load
Direction Location Loading Reaction (KN)
A B
x middle 12.5 4.37
x edge 4.06 2.19
y middle 16.25 8.75
y edge 4.05 2.2
Load transfer using actual case

Direction Strip Loading Reaction(KN)
A B
x A-A 4.06
x B-B 8.125
y G-G 11.45
y H-H 4.06
x C-C 3.524
x D-D 1.76
x I-I 5.216
y J-J 31.19 29.46

Table 3-11 Load transfer from strip method analysis

3.3 Basement Floor Slab Design
Design of slabs resting on the ground
Since the ground floor slab rests on the ground directly, no bending moment is created
and therefore, no structural design is required.
But minimum reinforcement in both directions is provided to prevent shrinkage of the

slab, stress due to temperature variation and crushing of slab due to concentrated
loads.
Depth Determination:
Use D = 100mm
Reinforcement provision
0.5
 min  [BCS-2, 1995] Art 7.2.2.2]
f yk
0.5

300
 0.00167
F8 diameter reinforcement
25 mm clear cover
d = 100-25-4
= 71 mm
As min   min bd
 0.00167 *1000 * 71
 118.3mm2
as * b
Spacing (s) 
As min

  * 82 
  *1000
 4 

118.3
2 D  200mm
 424.8   [EBCS-2, 1995 Art 7.2.2.2]
350mm
Use F8 c/c 200mm in both directions.
Other floor slabs are computed using excel template and are attached in the appendix

CHAPTER 4
4 STAIR CASE DESIGN
Stair case analysis and design is similar to slabs. It involves the analysis steps followed
for slabs. The inclined configuration is analyzed by projecting the loads on a horizontal
plane. The stair contains three flights with the same configuration and other single stair.
Figure 4.1 Stair Lay out

There are three types of stairs in this particular view.
We design for
- Stair type 1 for section A-A

- Stair type 2 for section B-B
- Stair type 3 for section C-C
DESIGN PROCEDURE
Determination of depth for deflection: which is a function of design tensile strength of

steel, effective span length of the shortest span in which more load is expected to
transfer and support condition
Loading: which determines the total load in the stair and landing
Analysis: determines moment and shear forces based on the analyzed moment
Check depth for flexure: this step helps to cross check the design depth as it is safe for
flexure or not, if not revise the depth determined in step 1 and also the loads.
Reinforcement provision: using the computed moments, number and area of

reinforcement bars determined.
Detailing: the arrangement of reinforcement bars and their length are determined and
drawn.
Material properties
Steel grade fyk = 300MPa
Concrete class fck = 25MPa
Class one work is used.

4.1 STAIR SECTION A-A
1.6 1.2 2.8
0.17
0.30
1.1
0.83
30° 0.22
Figure 4.2 Section view of stair A-A
1.6 1.2 2.8
Effective length Le = 5.6m
βa = for simply supported 25
Number of riser = 5
Number of tread = 4
Width of tread = 30cm
Height of riser = 17cm
Check whether the load is transferred to one way or in two ways
Ly/Lx = 5.6/1.5 = 3.73 >2 which is one way

A. Determination of depth for deflection
SECTION A-A
( )
≥ 0.85* 5600/25 = 190.4mm
To provide same depth for all types of stairs compare overall depth and take maximum
of all sections.
SECTION B-B
( )
≥ 0.85* 5160/25 = 175.44mm
SECTION C-C
( )
≥ 0.85* 5450/30 = 154.12mm
Assume φ12
Concrete cover = 15mm
Overall depth = d + + concrete cover
= 190.4 + 6 + 15 = 211.4mm
Use D = 220mm
d = 220 – 6 – 15 = 199mm
- Determination of angle of inclination
Section A-A
= 0
Section B-B

= 0
Section C-C
= 0
SECTION A-A
B. Loading by taking 1m width

 Dead load on stair

- Reinforced concrete slab (inclined) = =

- Due steps =
- Floor Finishing
3cm thick marble floor finish 0.03 * 27 = 0.81KN/m2
3cm thick cement screed (inclined) (0.03 * 23)/1.2 = 0.575KN/m
2 cm thick Plastering (inclined) (0.02 * 23)/1.2 = 0.383KN.m

- On tread

- On riser
Total dead load on stair = 6.42 + 2.04 + 0.383 + 1.5 + 1.06
= 11.4 KN/m
 Load on landing
Reinforced concrete slab = 0.22 * 1 * 24 = 5.28 KN/m
Plastering on both sides = 2(0.02*23) = 0.92 KN/m
Cement screed on both sides = 2(0.03*23) = 1.38KN/m
Marble floor finish = 0.03*27 = 0.81KN/m
Total dead load on landing = 5.28 + 0.92 + 1.38 + 0.81 = 8.39KN/m

Live load for stair = 3KN/m2 (according to EBCS 2 1995 table 2.1)
Design Load
Design load on stair
Pd1 = (1.3*DL) + (1.6LL)
= (1.3*11.4) + (1.6*3) = 19.62KN/m
Design load on landing
Pd2 = (1.3*8.39) + (1.6*3)
= 15.7KN/m
C. Analysis
Figure 4.3 Loads on stair A-A

And where clockwise moment is positive
R2 (5.6) = (7.85*1.6*1.6/2) + ((19.62*1.2)((1.2/2)+1.6) + ((15.7*2.8)((2.8/2)+1.2+1.6)
R2 = (10.048 + 51.8 + 184.632)/5.6
R2= 44KN

R1 + R2 = 80.06KN
R1 = 80.06KN - 44KN = 36.06KN
Moment calculation
Figure 4.4 Max. Moment determination for stair A-A
M=
M = 57.7 + 36.06x - 9.81x2 - 10.05 - 12.56x
M = -9.81x2 + 23.5x + 47.65
@ V = 0 moment is maximum
V = 23.5 – 19.62x
X = 1.2m
At x = 1.2m, v = 0 which is a location of Mmax.
Hence M = (-9.81*1.22) + (23.5*1.2) + (47.65)
=61.72KN.m
D. Check depth for flexure

[ √ ]
2.5/28.78 = 0.08686
2
fcd
= (0.32*28.782*11.33) = 3003.04
[ √ ]
ρ = (0.08686 0.07394)
ρ = 0.0804 or ρ = 0.00646
ρmin =

Design depth is 199mm which is equal to depth for deflection which is 199mm thus the
depth is safe for flexure
E. Reinforcement Provision
Longitudinal reinforcement
As = where Ks = steel grade capacity
M = moment taken from analysis result
d = minimum depth for deflection
√ √
K*m = =
Ks = 4.161 from table (EBCS 2-1995 part 2 by linear interpolation)
As = mm2
Asmin = where fyk = characteristic yield strength
b = width
d = depth
= mm2
As >Asmin ……Ok
Provide ɸ12
Spacing = 1000as/As
= (1000*113.04) / 1290.67
= 87.6mm
Smax = min{
Min (2*220 = 440mm or 350 mm)
Provide ɸ12 c/c 80mm

Development length for longitudinal reinforcement
   f yd 
l b    
 4 
 f bd


a = 0.7 for hook anchorage
a=1 for straight anchorage
lb = (ɸ/4)*(fyd/fbd)
f bd  2 f ctd
= 2 * 1.03 = 2.06MPa
lb = (12/4) * (260.87/2.06) = 379.908mm
Assume straight anchorage
Ascal
Aseff
Where: - As, cal = theoretical area of reinforcement required by the
design
a =1 straight bar anchorage in tension or compression
lb, min = the min. anchorage length for bars in tension
lbnet = (1 * 379.908 * 1013.4) / (1017.4)
= 378.4mm provide 380mm
lbnet ≥ lbmin
lbmin {

Hence 378.4 > 200 …….. l bnet ≥ lbmin
lbnet > lbmin
As ,cal
lb ,net  1* 260.87 *  200mm
As ,eff
As ,cal
lb ,net  260.87 *  200mm
As ,eff
1290.67
lb ,net  260.87 *  200mm
1356.48
lb ,net  248.2mm  200mm
Minimum reinforcement
Asmin = ρmin.bd
ρmin =
= (0.4/300) = 0.00133
Asmin = 0.00133*1000*199 = 265.3mm2
S = 1000*50.24/265.3 = 189.3mm
Thus provide ɸ8 c/c180mm
Transverse reinforcement
According to EBCS 2, Sec7.2.2.1 the ratio of secondary reinforcement to main

reinforcement shall be at least equal to 0.2.
20 % (1290.67) = 258.134mm2
Provide ɸ10
Spacing = 1000 *as/As
= (1000*78.5) / 258.134

= 304.1 use 300mm
Smax = min{
Min (2*220 = 440mm or 350 mm)
Hence provide ɸ10 c/c 300mm.
The spacing of transverse reinforcement is provided according to EBCS 2-sec7.2.2 (3-4)
The spacing between main bars for slabs shall not exceed the smaller of 2h or 350 mm.
The spacing between secondary bars shall not exceed 400 mm.
Shear reinforcement
Checking flexural shear at a distance d from the face of the support
Figure 4.5 Shear force determination for stair A-A
36.06 + V = (7.85*1.6) + (19.62*x)
V = 19.62x + 12.56 – 36.06
V = 19.62x -23.5
Location of zero shear is at V = 0
19.62x – 23.5 = 0
X = 1.2m

Figure 4.6 shear force diagram for stair A-A

Vu = 44KN
The shear force Vc carries the concrete in members without significant axial forces shall
be taken as
Vc  0.25 f ctd K1 K 2 bw d [EBCS-2, 1995 Art4.5.3.1]
As 1442.3
K1  (1  50 )  2.0  
bd 1000 *199
 0.007248
 (1  50 * 0.007248)  2.0
=1.362 < 2
K1 = 1.362
K 2  1.6  d  1.0
 1.6  0.199  1.0

 1.4  1
K 2  1.4
2
3
0.3 * 25 * 0.7
f ctd  = 1.032 Mpa
1.5
Vc = 0.25 * 1.03 * 1.362 * 1.4 * 1000 * 199
=94.62KN

Because Vc > Vu, no shear reinforcement is required. But it is recommended to use F 8

c/c 300 mm to hold the main reinforcement.
Stair load is transferred to the corresponding beam separately as dead and live load.
Finding the reaction using un-factored moment gives:
Reaction by applying Dead load
Total dead load on stair w=11.4KN/m
Total dead load on landing w2=8.39KN/m
Figure 4.7 DL transfer
R1 + R2 = (4.195*1.6) + (11.4*1.2) + (8.39*2.8)
R1 + R2 = 43.884
R2 (5.6) = (4.195*1.6*1.6/2) + (11.4*1.2*(1.2/2+1.6)) + (8.39*2.8*(2.8/2+1.2+1.6))
R2 = 23.95KN
R1 = 43.884 – 23.95KN
R1 = 19.93KN

Reaction by applying Live load
Figure 4.8 LL transfer

R1 + R2 = (1.5*1.6) + (3*1.2) + (3*2.8) = 21KN
R2(5.6) = (1.5*1.6*1.6/2) + (3*4*(2+1.6)
R2 = 8.065 KN
R1 = 12.93 KN

4.2 STAIR SECTION B-B
1.5 2.1 1.5
0.17
0.30 1.6
1.4
28°
0.22
Figure 4.9 Section view of stair B-B
1.5 2.1 1.6
1.3
Le = 5.16m
βa = for simply supported 25
Number of riser = 8
Number of tread = 7
Concrete characteristic
C25
S-300 and class I work is used

Use D = 220mm
d = 220 – 6 – 15 = 199mm
Determination of angle of inclination
Section B-B
= 0
Loading by taking 1m width
Dead load on stair



- Due steps =
- Floor Finishing
3cm thick cement screed (inclined) (0.03 * 23)/2.1 = 0.326KN/m2

- On tread

- On riser
Total dead load on stair = 6.42 + 2.04 + 0.219 + 1.5 + 0.97
= 11.15KN/m
Load on landing

Live load for stair = 3KN/m2 (according to EBCS 2 1++5 table 2.1)
Design Load
Pd1 = (1.3*DL) + (1.6LL)
= (1.3*11.15) + (1.6*3) = 19.3KN/m
Pd2 = (1.3*8.39) + (1.6*3)
= 15.7KN/m
Figure 4.10 Loads on stair B-B

and where clockwise moment is positive

R2 (5.16) = (7.85*1.5*1.5/2) + ((19.3*2.1)((2.1/2)+1.5) + ((7.85*1.56)( 1.56/2+2.1+1.5)
R2 = (8.83 + 103.35+ 53.67)/5.16
R2= 32.135KN
R1 + R2 =64.551KN
R1 = 64.551KN – 32.135KN = 32.416KN
Moment calculation
Figure 4.11 Max. Moment determination for stair B-B
M=
M = 48.62 + 32.416x - 9.81x2 – 8.83 – 11.775x
M = - 9.81x2 + 20.64x + 39.79
V = 20.64 – 19.62x
X = 1.05m
Hence M = (-9.81*1.052) + (20.64*1.05) + (39.79)
= 50.64KN.m

Check depth for flexure

[ √ ]
2.5/28.78 = 0.08686
2
fcd
= (0.32*28.782*11.33) = 3003.04
[ √ ]
ρ = (0.08686 0.0764)
ρ = 0.0816 or ρ = 0.00523
ρmin =
198.73 mm < 199 mm thus the depth is safe for flexure

Reinforcement Provision

√ √
k*m = =
As = mm2
b = width
d = depth
= mm2
As >Asmin ……Ok
Provide ɸ12
Spacing = 1000as/As
= (1000*113.04) / 1043.84
= 108.29mm
Smax = min{
Min (2*220 = 440mm or 350 mm)
   f yd 
l b    
 4 
 f bd



f bd  2 f ctd
= 2 * 1.03 = 2.06MPa
lb = (12/4) * (260.87/2.06) = 379.908mm
Ascal
Aseff
Where:- As, cal = theoretical area of reinforcement required by the
design
lbnet = (1 * 379.908 * 1043.84) / (1130.4)
= 350.82mm
lbnet ≥ lbmin
lbmin {
HENCE lbnet > lbmin

As ,cal
lb ,net  1 * 260.87 *  200mm
As ,eff
As ,cal
lb ,net  260.87 *  200mm
As ,eff
1043.84
lb ,net  260.87 *  200mm
1130.4
lb ,net  240.9mm  200mm
Asmin = ρmin.bd
ρmin =
= (0.4/300) = 0.00133
Asmin = 0.00133*1000*199 = 265.3mm2
S = 1000*50.24/265.3 = 189.3mm
Thus provide ɸ8 c/c180mm

20 % (1442.3) = 288.46mm2
Provide ɸ10
= (1000*78.5) / 288.46
= 272 use 270mm
Smax = min{
Min (2*220 = 440mm or 350 mm)


Shear reinforcement
Figure 4.12 Shear force determination for stair B-B
32.416 + V = (7.85*1.5) + (19.3*x)
V = 19.3x + 11.775 – 32.416
V = 19.3x -20.64
19.3x – 20.64 = 0
X = 1.07m

Figure 4.13 shear force diagram for stair A-A

Vu = 32.42KN
be taken as
As 1043.84
K1  (1  50 )  2.0  
bd 1000 *199
 0.005245
 (1  50 * 0.005246)  2.0
=1.26 < 2
K1 = 1.26
K 2  1.6  d  1.0
 1.6  0.199  1.0

 1.4  1
K 2  1.4
2
3
0.3 * 25 * 0.7
f ctd  = 1.032 Mpa
1.5
Vc = 0.25 * 1.03 * 1.26 * 1.4 * 1000 * 199
=90.39KN


Stair load is transferred to the corresponding beam separately as dead and live load.
R1 + R2 = (4.195*1.5) + (11.15*2.1) + (4.195*1.56)
R1 + R2 = 36.25
R2 (5.16) = (4.195*1.5*1.5/2) + (11.15*2.1*(2.1/2+1.5)) + (4.195*1.56*(1.56/2+2.1+1.5))
R2 = 18.04

R1 = 36.25– 18.04KN
R1 = 18.2KN
Figure 4.15 LL transfer

R1 + R2 = (3*1.5) + (3*2.1) + (3*1.56) = 15.48KN
R2(5.16) = (3*1.5*1.5/2) + (3*2.1*(2.1/2+1.5)+(3*1.56*(1.56/2+2.1+1.5))
R2 = 7.74 KN
R1 = 7.74 KN
4.3 STAIR SECTION C-C
1.5 1.8 2.15
0.17
0.30
1.4
1.2
28°
0.22
Figure 4.16 Section view of stair C-C

1.5 1.8 2.2
1.4
Le = 5.45m
Βa = for end span 30
Number of riser = 7
Number of tread = 6
Concrete characteristic
C25
S-300 and class I work is used
1. Determination of depth for deflection
( )
≥ 0.85* 5450/30 = 154.12mm
Assume φ12
Concrete cover = 15mm

Overall depth = d + + concrete cover
= 154.2 + 6 + 15 = 211.4mm
Use D = 220mm
d = 220 – 6 – 15 = 199mm
Determination of angle of inclination
= 0
Loading by taking 1m width
Dead load on stair



- Due steps =
- Floor Finishing
3cm thick cement screed (inclined) (0.03 * 23)/1.8 = 0.383KN/m2

- On tread

- On riser
Total dead load on stair = 6.42 + 2.04 + 0.255+ 1.5 + 0.99
= 11.2 KN/m
Load on landing

Live load for stair = 3KN/m2 (according to EBCS 2 1995 table 2.1)
Design Load
Pd1 = (1.3*DL) + (1.6LL)
= (1.3*11.2) + (1.6*3) = 19.3665KN/m
Pd2 = (1.3*8.39) + (1.6*3)
= 15.7KN/m
Figure 4.17 Loads on stair C-C
Applying a principle applied in the strip method of slab design: provide moment which is
obtained from slab analysis for the fixed end support.
and where clockwise moment is positive
R2 (5.45) = (7.85*1.6*1.6/2) + ((19.62*1.2)((1.2/2)+1.6) + ((15.7*2.8)( 2.8/2)+1.2+1.6)

R2 = (10.048 + 51.8 + 184.632)/5.45
R2= 44KN
R1 + R2 = 80.06KN
R1 = 80.06KN - 44KN = 36.06KN
Moment calculation
Figure 4.18 Max. Moment determination for stair B-B
M=
M = 54.09 + 36.06x - 9.65x2 – 8.83 – 11.775x
M = -9.65x2 + 24.28x + 45.26
V = 23.5 – 19.3x
X = 1.22m
Hence M = (-9.81*1.222) + (24.28*1.22) + (45.26)
=60.28KN.m

Check depth for flexure

[ √ ]
2.5/28.78 = 0.08686
2
fcd
= (0.32*28.782*11.33) = 3003.04
[ √ ]
ρ = (0.08686 0.0743)
ρ = 0.0806 or ρ = 0.00628
ρmin =
199mm < 199mm thus the depth is safe for flexure

Reinforcement Provision
Span reinforcement

√ √
K*m = =
As = mm2
b = width
d = depth
= mm2
As >Asmin ……Ok
Provide ɸ12
Spacing = 1000as/As
= (1000*113.04) / 1258.05
= 89.85mm
Smax = min{
Min (2*220 = 440mm or 350 mm)

√ √
K*m = =
As = mm2
b = width
d = depth
= mm2
As >Asmin ……Ok
Provide ɸ10
Spacing = 1000as/As
= (1000*78.5) / 377.73
= 207.8mm
Smax = min{
Min (2*220 = 440mm or 350 mm)
   f yd 
l b    
 4 
 f bd



f bd  2 f ctd
= 2 * 1.03 = 2.06MPa
lb = (12/4) * (260.87/2.06) = 379.908mm
Ascal
Aseff
Where:- As, cal = theoretical area of reinforcement required by the
design
lbnet = (1 * 379.908 * 377.73) / (392.5)
= 365.6mm
lbnet ≥ lbmin
lbmin {
HENCE lbnet > lbmin

As ,cal
lb ,net  1* 260.87 *  200mm
As ,eff
As ,cal
lb ,net  260.87 *  200mm
As ,eff
377.73
lb ,net  260.87 *  200mm
392.5
lb ,net  251.05mm  200mm
Asmin = ρmin.bd
ρmin =
= (0.4/300) = 0.00133
Asmin = 0.00133*1000*199 = 265.3mm2
S = 1000*50.24/265.3 = 189.3mm
Thus provide ɸ8 c/c180

20 % (377.73) = 75.546mm2
Provide ɸ8
= (1000*50.24) / 377.73
= 133use 130mm
Smax = min{
Min (2*220 = 440mm or 350 mm)


Shear reinforcement
Figure 4.19 Shear force determination for stair C-C
36.06 + V = (7.85*1.5) + (19.3*x)
V = 19.3x + 11.775 – 36.06
V = 19.3x -24.285
19.63x – 24.285 = 0
X = 1.2m
Figure 4.20 shear force diagram for stair C-C

Vu = 44KN

be taken as
As 377.73
K1  (1  50 )  2.0  
bd 1000 *199
 0.001898
 (1  50 * 0.001898)  2.0
=1.095 < 2
K1 = 1.095
K 2  1.6  d  1.0
 1.6  0.199  1.0

 1.4  1
K 2  1.4
2
3
0.3 * 25 * 0.7
f ctd 
1.5 = 1.032 Mpa
Vc = 0.25 * 1.03 * 1.095 * 1.4 * 1000 * 199
=78.55KN

Stair load is transferred so a reaction is loaded separately as dead and live load.

R1 + R2 = (4.195*1.5) + (11.2*1.8) + (8.39*2.15)
R1 + R2 = 44.49KN
R2 (5.45) = (4.195*1.5)(1.5/2) + (11.2*1.8)(1.8/2+1.5) + (8.39*2.15)(2.15/2+1.8+1.5)
R2 = 24.3 KN
R1 = 20.17KN

Figure 4.22 LL Transfer

R1 + R2 = (1.5*1.5) + (3*(1.8+2.15)) = 14.1KN
R2 = ((1.5*1.5)(1.5/2) + (3*3.95)(3.95/2+1.5) - 14.34)/5.45
R2 = 5.23KN
R1 = 8.86 KN
RAMP DESIGN
The ramp is seated on the ground level. We have only one underground basement,
For this case the only caution to be considered is on the compaction of the natural soil.
The building is located in Adama and the type of soil is stiff clay hence there is no need
of additional borrow material.

CHAPTER FIVE
5 FRAME ANALYSIS
The proposed building is going to construct in Adama town. Adama is located at altitude
of about 8033’ and longitude 39017’. The town is on the great rift valley of east Africa.
The average elevation of the town is about 1600m a.m.s.l.
The analysis is computed both for earth quake and wind load and the severe case will
be taken for further calculation and design.
5.1 Wind load on structure
External pressure = ………….EBCS1995, Art 3.1
Internal pressure = …………..EBCS1995
Where: - = = reference wind pressure
= = Exposure coefficient
= & = External and Internal pressure coefficient respectively.
i) ……………EBCS 1,1995 Art 3.7.1
Where: - =Air density ……….EBCS-1,1995 page 55 table 3.1
=Reference wind velocity (22m/sec)
…………For a site located at an altitude less than 2000m

(1600m AMSL)
=242 N/ =0.242N/
ii) Exposure coefficient
Where :- = is the exposure coefficient as defined in section 3.8.5 of

EBCS -1

= is the roughness coefficient as defined in section 3.8.3 of

EBCS -1
= is the topographic coefficient as defined in section 3.8.4 of
EBCS -1
Our building is not affected by topography. There fore =1
= at height Z is defined by
, For
, For Z
Where:- = is the terrain factor
= is the roughness length
= is the minimum height
= 0.24 (urban areas in which at least 15% of the surface is covered with
buildings and their average height exceeds 15m)
=1m…………EBCS-1 1995 page 58 table 3.2
= 16…….... EBCS-1 1995 page 58 table 3.2
=18.76m
Since is 18.76m =16m , is given by:-
= 0.24
= 0.704
Therefore,
= 1.69

PLAN
d= 11.5m h= 19m
b= 40m
E
Buildings, whose height h is less than b, shall be considered to be one part …….EBCS-
1, 1995 section a.2.2
ELEVATION
19m
Pressure Coefficient
For vertical wall of rectangular plan building, table A-1 and fig A.3 page 71 EBCS-1,
1995. As a function of aspect ratio d/h
b= 40m, 2h =2*19=38m and d= 11.5
e= min (b or 2h)

e =min (40 or 38m)
e=38m >11.5m
Case d < e EBCS-1, 1995 Fig A.3 page 71
e/5 = 38/5 =7.6
7.6m 3.9m
19m
A B
e/5
Zones Area(m2)
A 7.6*19=144.4
B* 3.9*19=74.1
D 19*40 =760
E 19*40 =760
d/h=11.5/40=0.29, and A>10m2
From EBCS-1, 1995 table A.1 external pressure for vertical walls of rectangular plan
building.
Cpe A = -1
Cpe B* = -0.8
Cpe D =0.8

Cpe E = -0.3
For Z =18.76m
We =
We = 0.242*1.69*
We =0.409 kN/m2
Zone (A) Zone (D)
We = 0.409*-1 = -0.409 kN/m2 We = 0.409*0.8 =0.3272 kN/m2
Zone (C) Zone (E)
We =0.409*-0.8 = -0.3272 kN/m2 We =0.409*-0.3 =-0.1227 kN/m2
Internal Wind Pressure
For closed building with internal partitions and opening windows the extreme values
Cpi = 0.8 Cpi = -0.5
The mean height of the opening can be take Ze =18.76m with homogeneous distribution
of height of the dominant opening.
Suction
Wi =
=0.242*1.69*-0.5
=-0.2045 kN/m2
Pressure
Wi =
= 0.242*1.69*0.8
=0.3272 kN/m2
Wnet =We- Wi
The critical condition is when the wind is moving into large surface area.

The unfavorable combinations are
For zone A = -0.409-0.3272 = -0.7362 kN/m2
B* = -0.3272- 0.3272 = - 0.6544 kN/m2
D = 0.3272 –(-0.2045) =0.5317 kN/m2
E = -0.1227 –(-0.2045) =0.0818 kN/m2
Lateral wind forces on the zones D and E are critical, for different floor level are
computed as below . Here while calculating the forces the area is taken half from the
above floor and half from below.
Floor level Area(m2) Lateral force on Lateral force on

zone D(kN) (P*A) zone E(kN)(p*A)
Roof 523.74 278.47 42.84
4th 523.74 278.47 42.84
3rd 576 306.26 47.12
2nd 523.74 278.47 42.84
1st 449.72 239.12 36.79
Ground 213.985 113.77 17.51
5.2 Earth quake analysis
Assumptions:
- Earth quake causes impulsive ground motion, which is complex and irregular in
character, changing in period and amplitude each lasting for small duration.
Therefore resonance of the type as visualized under steady-state sinusoidal
excitations will not occur as it would need time to build up such amplitudes.

- Earth quake is not likely to occur simultaneously with wind or maximum flood or
maximum sea waves.
- The value of elastic modulus of materials, wherever required, may be taken as
per elastic analysis.
The whole structure of the building is resisted from Earth quake by its frame system.
The buildings lateral load distribution is computed as follows.
Adama is located under a category of Zone 4
5.2.1 Base Shear Determination
The base shear is given by the following formula
fb = Sd (T) W
Where,
fb = base shear force
W = Total weight of the building
Sd (T) = ordinate of the design spectrum at period T which is given by
Sd (T) = αβγ
Where,
α= ratio of the design bed rock acceleration to the acceleration of gravity, g. It is

given by
α=
Where,
= The bed rock acceleration ratio for the site and depends on the seismic
zone.
=0.1 for earth quake zone-4 (EBCS-1995, table 1-1)
I=Importance factor of the structure
I=1.2 (EBCS-8, 1995 table 2-4)

α = 0.1*1.2 = 0.12
Is the design response factor for the site and is given by
Where,
S=site coefficient based on soil type
S=1.2 (for sub soil class B, EBCS-8, 1995, table1-2)
T1= the fundamental period of vibration of the structure (in seconds) for translational
motion in the direction of the motion. For structures up to 80m height, the value of T 1
may be approximated by
T1=C1
Where,
H=Height of the structure above the base in meter=23.76m
C1=0.075 for RC moment resisting frames and eccentrically braced steel frame.
T1=0.807sec
= 1.66 ≤ 2.5……………………..OK!
γ is the behavior factor to account for energy dissipation capacity
γ= ≤ 0.7
Where,
= basic type of behavior factor, dependent on the structural type (EBCS-8, 1995,
table 3-2)
= 0.2 (For frame system)
KD=factor reflecting the ductility class

=1.5 (medium ductility, according to EBCS-8, Ductility class “M” corresponds to

structure designed, dimensioned and detailed according to specific earthquake resistant
provisions, enabling the structure to enter well within the inelastic range under repeated
reversed loading, without suffering brittle failures.)
KR=factor reflecting the structural regularity in elevation
=1 (regular structure)
=factor reflecting the prevailing failure mode in the structural system with wall
=1 (frame system)
γ = 0.2*1.5*1*1 = 0.3 < 0.7 ………………..OK!
Therefore, (T1) = αβγ
= 0.12*1.66*0.3 = 0.0598
Design spectrum implies the horizontal force is 5.98% of the weight of structure.
Hence, the base shear force Fb is:
Fb = Sd (T).W
= 0.0598 * 29725.48
= 1777.709
5.2.2 Distribution of base shear force to each story
Distribution of base shear over the height of structure
The concentrated lateral force acting on floor i is given by the formula
( Fb  Ft )Wi hi
Fi  n
W h
i 0
i i
Ft = the concentrated force at the top, which is in addition to Fn (this is to

consider the ignorance of higher modes) and is given by:

T1=0.807sec > 0.7sec thus
Where - Ft = concentrated force at the top
- Ti = fundamental period of vibration
- Fb = base shear force
Ft = (0.07* 0.807134834*1777.709)
= 100.439
5.2.3 Calculation of Weights Structure
The following tables give the mass of each element (column, beam, slab, partition walls,
roof, stair and shear wall). They also give the x and y – coordinates of each elements
The lumped mass at each floor level was calculated by taking half portion from above
and half from below of the floor

Basement
Unit Height or
Width (m) Volume
Designation weight Length Area (m2) Weight (KN)
(m3)
(KN/m3) (m) Lx Ly
Column
C1 24 2.75 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.66 15.84
C2 24 2.75 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.66 15.84
C3 24 2.75 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.66 15.84
C4 24 2.75 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.66 15.84
C5 24 2.75 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.66 15.84
C6 24 2.75 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.66 15.84
C27 24 2.75 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.55 13.2
C28 24 2.75 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.55 13.2
C17 24 2.75 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.55 13.2
C18 24 2.75 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.55 13.2
C7 24 2.75 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.66 15.84
C8 24 2.75 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.66 15.84
C9 24 2.75 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.66 15.84
C14 24 2.75 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.66 15.84
C16 24 2.75 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.66 15.84
C20 24 2.75 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.66 15.84
C21 24 2.75 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.66 15.84
C22 24 2.75 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.66 15.84
C23 24 2.75 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.66 15.84
C26 24 2.75 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.66 15.84
sum 306.24
Circular Column
diameter
C10 24 2.75 0.6 0.2826 0.77715 18.6516
C11 24 2.75 0.6 0.2826 0.77715 18.6516
C12 24 2.75 0.6 0.2826 0.77715 18.6516
C13 24 2.75 0.6 0.2826 0.77715 18.6516
C14 24 2.75 0.6 0.2826 0.77715 18.6516
C15 24 2.75 0.6 0.2826 0.77715 18.6516
C24 24 2.75 0.6 0.2826 0.77715 18.6516
C25 24 2.75 0.6 0.2826 0.77715 18.6516
sum 149.2128

Grade beam
Axis
A 24 40.4 0.3 0.35 0.105 4.242 101.808
B 24 40.4 0.3 0.35 0.105 4.242 101.808
C 24 40.4 0.3 0.35 0.105 4.242 101.808
c' 24 6 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.63 15.12
1 24 11.5 0.3 0.35 0.105 1.2075 28.98
2 24 11.5 0.3 0.35 0.105 1.2075 28.98
3 24 11.5 0.3 0.35 0.105 1.2075 28.98
4 24 11.5 0.3 0.35 0.105 1.2075 28.98
5 24 11.5 0.3 0.35 0.105 1.2075 28.98
6 24 11.5 0.3 0.35 0.105 1.2075 28.98
7 24 13.6 0.3 0.35 0.105 1.428 34.272
8 24 13.6 0.3 0.35 0.105 1.428 34.272
sum 562.968
partition wall
BP1 12 23 0.05 1.5 0.075 1.725 20.7
sum 20.7
Shear wall
sw1 24 2.75 0.15 0.25 0.0375 0.103125 2.475
sw2 24 2.75 0.15 2 0.3 0.825 19.8
sw3 24 2.75 0.15 2.1 0.315 0.86625 20.79
sw4 24 2.75 0.15 2.15 0.3225 0.886875 21.285
sw5 24 2.75 0.15 0.65 0.0975 0.268125 6.435
sum 70.785
HCB wall
MW1 20 2.75 0.2 4.6 0.92 2.53 50.6
MW2 20 2.75 0.2 6.05 1.21 3.3275 66.55
MW3 20 2.75 0.2 4.6 0.92 2.53 50.6
MW4 20 2.75 0.2 4.6 0.92 2.53 50.6
MW5 20 2.75 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.08 61.6
MW6 20 2.75 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.08 61.6
MW7 20 2.75 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.08 61.6
MW8 20 2.75 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.08 61.6
MW9 20 2.75 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.08 61.6
MW10 20 2.75 0.2 4.6 0.92 2.53 50.6
MW11 20 2.75 0.2 6.05 1.21 3.3275 66.55
MW12 20 2.75 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.08 61.6
MW13 20 2.75 0.2 4.6 0.92 2.53 50.6
MW14 20 2.75 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.08 61.6
MW15 20 2.75 0.2 4.6 0.92 2.53 50.6
MW16 20 2.75 0.2 4.6 0.92 2.53 50.6
sum 918.5

Stair case
Flight 1 24 0.13 1.5 2.15 3.225 0.41925 10.062
Flight 2 24 0.2 1.5 2.1 3.15 0.63 15.12
Flight 3 24 0.21 1.5 2 3 0.63 15.12
Landing 1 24 0.2 1.4 1.6 2.24 0.448 10.752
Landing 2 24 0.21 1.5 1.56 2.34 0.4914 11.7936
sum 62.8476
total weight of basement floor 2091.2534
Ground Floor
Column
C9 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C10 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C11 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C27 24 3.1 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.372 8.928
C28 24 3.1 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.372 8.928
C17 24 3.1 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.372 8.928
C18 24 3.1 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.372 8.928
C12 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C13 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C14 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C15 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C16 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C19 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C20 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C21 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C22 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C23 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C24 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C25 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C26 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
Sum 273.792
Circular Column
diameter
C1 24 3.1 0.6 0.2826 0.87606 21.02544
C2 24 3.1 0.6 0.2826 0.87606 21.02544
C3 24 3.1 0.6 0.2826 0.87606 21.02544
C4 24 3.1 0.6 0.2826 0.87606 21.02544
C5 24 3.1 0.6 0.2826 0.87606 21.02544
C6 24 3.1 0.6 0.2826 0.87606 21.02544
C7 24 3.1 0.6 0.2826 0.87606 21.02544
C8 24 3.1 0.6 0.2826 0.87606 21.02544
sum 168.20352

Ground Floor Beam

Axis
A 24 35 0.25 0.35 0.0875 3.0625 73.5
B 24 35 0.25 0.35 0.0875 3.0625 73.5
C 24 35 0.25 0.35 0.0875 3.0625 73.5
c' 24 6 0.25 0.35 0.0875 0.525 12.6
1 24 11.5 0.25 0.35 0.0875 1.00625 24.15
2 24 11.5 0.25 0.35 0.0875 1.00625 24.15
3 24 11.5 0.25 0.35 0.0875 1.00625 24.15
4 24 11.5 0.25 0.35 0.0875 1.00625 24.15
5 24 11.5 0.25 0.35 0.0875 1.00625 24.15
6 24 11.5 0.25 0.35 0.0875 1.00625 24.15
7 24 13.6 0.25 0.35 0.0875 1.19 28.56
8 24 13.6 0.25 0.35 0.0875 1.19 28.56
sum 435.12
partition wall
GP1 Floor Area 402.5 m2
Partition load 1.5KN/m2 603.75
sum 603.75
Ground Floor Slab
P1 24 0.2 5.13 6.65 34.1145 6.8229 163.7496
P2 24 0.2 6 6.65 39.9 7.98 191.52
P3 24 0.2 6 6.65 39.9 7.98 191.52
P4 24 0.2 3.63 6 21.78 4.356 104.544
P5 24 0.2 6 6.65 39.9 7.98 191.52
P6 24 0.2 6 6.65 39.9 7.98 191.52
P7 24 0.2 5.13 5.25 26.9325 5.3865 129.276
P8 24 0.2 5.25 6 31.5 6.3 151.2
P9 24 0.2 5.25 6 31.5 6.3 151.2
P10 24 0.2 5.25 6 31.5 6.3 151.2
P11 24 0.2 5.25 6 31.5 6.3 151.2
P12 24 0.2 5.25 6.15 32.2875 6.4575 154.98
Sum 1923.4296
Shear wall
sw1 24 3.1 0.15 0.25 0.0375 0.11625 2.79
sw2 24 3.1 0.15 2 0.3 0.93 22.32
sw3 24 3.1 0.15 2.1 0.315 0.9765 23.436
sw4 24 3.1 0.15 2.15 0.3225 0.99975 23.994
sw5 24 3.1 0.15 0.65 0.0975 0.30225 7.254
sum 79.794

Stair case
Flight 1 24 0.13 1.5 2.15 3.225 0.41925 10.062
Flight 2 24 0.2 1.5 2.1 3.15 0.63 15.12
Flight 3 24 0.21 1.5 2 3 0.63 15.12
Landing 1 24 0.2 1.4 1.6 2.24 0.448 10.752
Landing 2 24 0.21 1.5 1.56 2.34 0.4914 11.7936
sum 62.8476
Wall
W1 14 3.1 0.2 6 1.2 3.72 52.08
W2 14 3.1 0.15 6 0.9 2.79 39.06
W3 14 3.1 0.2 4.6 0.92 2.852 39.928
W4 14 3.1 0.2 4.6 0.92 2.852 39.928
W5 14 3.1 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.472 48.608
W8 14 3.1 0.15 6 0.9 2.79 39.06
W10 14 3.1 0.2 1.7 0.34 1.054 14.756
W11 14 3.1 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.472 48.608
W12 14 3.1 0.2 1.7 0.34 1.054 14.756
W13 14 3.1 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.472 48.608
W15 14 3.1 0.15 6 0.9 2.79 39.06
W16 14 3.1 0.15 6 0.9 2.79 39.06
W20 14 3.1 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.472 48.608
W21 14 3.1 0.2 6 1.2 3.72 52.08
W22 14 3.1 0.2 6 1.2 3.72 52.08
W24 14 3.1 0.2 2.3 0.46 1.426 19.964
W25 14 3.1 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.0695 14.973
W26 14 3.1 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.0695 14.973
W27 14 3.1 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.0695 14.973
W28 14 3.1 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.0695 14.973
W29 14 3.1 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.0695 14.973
W30 14 3.1 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.0695 14.973
W31 14 3.1 0.2 4.5 0.9 2.79 39.06
sum 765.142
total weight of Ground floor 4312.07872
The weight of other structures are attached in the annex

Total weight of structure
Storey Storey weight LL (KN) 25%(LL) Total (Weight)

Basement floor 2091.25 _ 2091.25
Ground floor 4312.08 1921.57 480.39 4792.47
1st Floor 4526.43 2208.20 552.05 5078.48
2nd Floor 4893.43 2640.00 660.00 5553.43
3rd Floor 5054.23 2640.00 660.00 5714.23
4th Floor 4776.69 2640.00 660.00 5436.69
Access room and roof 1144.66 311.76 77.94 1222.60
roof slab 329.98 25.98 6.50 336.47
total weight of the building 30225.62
Table 5-1 Weight of structure

The concentrated lateral force acting on floor i is given by
( Fb  Ft )Wi hi
Fi  n
W h
i 0
i i
xi yi
S TORY Height(hi) Dead load(Wi) geometric center geometric center Wihi Fi
slab roof 24.5 336.47 3 4.32 8243.5395 38.82052
access room and roof 21.5 1222.60 20 5.9 26285.814 123.8
4th floor 18.3 5436.69 20 7.94 99491.486 468.5
3rd floor 15.1 5714.23 20 7.94 86284.861 406.3
2nd floor 11.9 5553.43 20 7.94 66085.807 311.2
1st floor 8.7 5078.48 20 5.9 44182.762 208.1
ground floor 5.5 4792.47 20 5.9 26358.592 124.1
basement 2.5 2091.25 20 5.9 5228.1335 24.6
30225.62 362160.99
Table 5-2 Strory shear

5.2.4 Determination of center of mass
LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS

US ING EBCS -8 1995
Weight & Centroid of Basement Floor

Column
Thickness Weigth Distance, Distance,
W*Xi W*Yi
Description Length (L) Width (D) (H) (Wi) Xi Yi
C1 2.75 0.60 0.40 15.84 0.20 11.85 3.17 187.70
C2 2.75 0.60 0.40 15.84 5.20 11.85 82.37 187.70
C3 2.75 0.60 0.40 15.84 11.20 11.85 177.41 187.70
C4 2.75 0.60 0.40 15.84 17.20 11.85 272.45 187.70
C5 2.75 0.60 0.40 15.84 23.20 11.85 367.49 187.70
C8 2.75 0.60 0.40 15.84 40.20 11.85 636.77 187.70
C9 2.75 0.50 0.40 13.20 17.20 13.95 227.04 184.14
C10 2.75 0.50 0.40 13.20 23.20 13.95 306.24 184.14
C11 2.75 0.50 0.40 13.20 17.42 8.86 229.92 116.95
C12 2.75 0.50 0.40 13.20 23.01 8.86 303.72 116.95
C13 2.75 0.60 0.40 15.84 0.20 5.30 3.17 83.95
C20 2.75 0.60 0.40 15.84 40.20 5.30 636.77 83.95
C21 2.75 0.60 0.40 15.84 0.20 0.25 3.17 3.96
C22 2.75 0.60 0.40 15.84 5.20 0.25 82.37 3.96
C23 2.75 0.60 0.40 15.84 11.50 0.25 182.16 3.96
C24 2.75 0.60 0.40 15.84 17.20 0.25 272.45 3.96
C25 2.75 0.60 0.40 15.84 23.20 0.25 367.49 3.96
C26 2.75 0.60 0.40 15.84 29.20 0.25 462.53 3.96
C27 2.75 0.60 0.40 15.84 35.20 0.25 557.57 3.96
C28 2.75 0.60 0.40 15.84 40.20 0.25 636.77 3.96
C6 circular 2.75 0.60 18.65 29.20 11.80 544.63 220.09
C7 2.75 0.60 18.65 35.20 11.80 656.54 220.09
C14 2.75 0.60 18.65 5.20 5.30 96.99 98.85
C15 2.75 0.60 18.65 11.20 5.30 208.90 98.85
C16 2.75 0.60 18.65 17.20 5.30 320.81 98.85
C17 2.75 0.60 18.65 23.20 5.30 432.72 98.85
C18 2.75 0.60 18.65 29.50 5.30 550.22 98.85
C19 2.75 0.60 18.65 35.20 5.30 656.54 98.85
Total weight (KN)
455.45
Wi.Xi 9278.34
Wi.Yi 2961.29
Grade beam
A 40.40 0.30 0.35 101.81 20.20 0.20 2056.52 20.36
B 40.40 0.30 0.35 101.81 20.20 5.30 2056.52 539.58
B' 6.40 0.30 0.35 15.12 20.20 8.86 305.42 133.96
C 40.40 0.30 0.35 101.81 20.20 11.90 2056.52 1211.52
c' 6.00 0.30 0.35 15.12 20.20 14.00 305.42 211.68
1.00 11.50 0.30 0.35 28.98 0.20 6.05 5.80 175.33
2.00 11.50 0.30 0.35 28.98 5.20 6.05 150.70 175.33
3.00 11.50 0.30 0.35 28.98 11.20 6.05 324.58 175.33
4.00 11.50 0.30 0.35 28.98 29.20 5.85 846.22 169.53
5.00 11.50 0.30 0.35 28.98 35.20 5.85 1020.10 169.53
6.00 11.50 0.30 0.35 28.98 40.20 6.05 1165.00 175.33
7.00 13.60 0.30 0.35 34.27 17.20 7.10 589.48 243.33
8.00 13.60 0.30 0.35 34.27 23.20 7.10 795.11 243.33
Total weight (KN)
578.09
Wi.Xi 11677.38
Wi.Yi 3644.15

HCB WALL
MW1 2.75 4.60 0.20 50.60 2.70 12.03 136.62 608.47
MW2 2.75 6.05 0.20 66.55 0.08 8.56 4.99 569.83
MW3 2.75 4.60 0.20 50.60 0.08 2.76 3.81 139.78
MW4 2.75 4.60 0.20 50.60 2.70 0.08 136.62 3.80
MW5 2.75 5.60 0.20 61.60 8.20 0.08 505.12 4.73
MW6 2.75 5.60 0.20 61.60 14.20 0.08 874.72 4.62
MW7 2.75 5.60 0.20 61.60 20.20 0.08 1244.32 4.62
MW8 2.75 5.60 0.20 61.60 26.20 0.08 1613.92 4.62
MW9 2.75 5.60 0.20 61.60 32.20 0.07 1983.52 4.29
MW10 2.75 4.60 0.20 50.60 40.33 2.76 2040.45 139.78
MW11 2.75 6.05 0.20 66.55 40.33 8.56 2683.63 569.83
MW12 2.75 5.60 0.20 61.60 14.20 12.03 874.72 740.74
MW13 2.75 4.60 0.20 50.60 17.32 11.36 876.64 574.82
MW14 2.75 5.60 0.20 61.60 20.20 14.10 1244.32 868.56
MW15 2.75 4.60 0.20 50.60 23.08 11.36 1167.60 574.84
MW16 2.75 4.60 0.20 50.60 20.23 8.80 1023.52 445.28
Total weight (KN)
918.50
Wi.Xi 16414.51
Wi.Yi 5258.61
partiotion load
BP1 23.00 1.50 0.05 20.70 23.70 10.10 490.59 209.07
Total weight (KN)20.70
Wi.Xi 490.59
Wi.Yi 209.07
Stair
Flight 1 2.15 1.50 0.13 10.06 19.97 13.25 200.98 133.32
Flight 2 2.10 1.50 0.20 15.12 18.15 11.48 274.43 173.58
Flight 3 2.00 1.50 0.21 15.12 19.84 9.65 299.98 145.91
Landing 1 1.60 1.40 0.20 10.75 18.15 13.28 195.15 142.79
Landing 2 1.56 1.50 0.21 11.79 18.12 9.65 213.70 113.81
Wi.Xi 1184.24
Wi.Yi 709.40
total weight 2035.59

Wi.Xi 39045.05
Wi.Yi 12782.52
center of massX(m) 19.18

Y(m) 6.28

Weight & Centroid of Ground Floor

Column
Length Width Thickness Weigth Distance, Distance,
W*Xi W*Yi
Description (L) (D) (H) (Wi) Xi Yi
GC1 3.10 0.60 0.40 14.88 0.20 11.85 2.98 176.33
GC2 3.10 0.60 0.40 14.88 5.20 11.85 77.38 176.33
GC3 3.10 0.60 0.40 14.88 11.20 11.85 166.66 176.33
GC4 3.10 0.50 0.40 8.93 17.20 11.85 153.56 105.80
GC5 3.10 0.50 0.40 8.93 23.20 13.95 13.95 124.55
GC6 3.10 0.50 0.40 8.93 17.42 8.86 155.51 79.10
GC7 3.10 0.50 0.40 8.93 23.01 8.86 205.43 79.10
GC8 3.10 0.60 0.40 14.88 29.00 11.50 431.52 171.12
GC9 3.10 0.60 0.40 14.88 35.20 11.75 523.78 174.84
GC10 3.10 0.60 0.40 14.88 40.20 11.85 598.18 176.33
GC11 3.10 0.50 0.40 14.88 0.20 5.30 2.98 78.86
GC12 3.10 0.50 0.40 14.88 5.20 5.25 77.38 78.12
GC13 3.10 0.60 0.40 14.88 11.20 5.25 166.66 78.12
GC14 3.10 0.60 0.40 14.88 17.20 5.25 255.94 78.12
GC15 3.10 0.60 0.40 14.88 23.20 5.25 345.22 78.12
GC16 3.10 0.60 0.40 14.88 29.20 5.25 434.50 78.12
GC17 3.10 0.60 0.40 14.88 35.20 5.25 523.78 78.12
GC18 3.10 0.60 0.40 14.88 40.20 5.30 598.18 78.86
GC27 3.10 0.60 0.40 14.88 17.20 11.85 255.94 176.33
GC28 3.10 0.60 0.40 14.88 23.20 11.85 345.22 176.33
GC19 (circular) 3.10 0.60 21.03 0.20 0.25 4.21 5.26
GC20 3.10 0.60 21.03 5.20 0.25 109.33 5.26
GC21 3.10 0.60 21.03 11.20 0.25 235.48 5.26
GC22 3.10 0.60 21.03 17.20 0.25 361.64 5.26
GC23 3.10 0.60 21.03 23.20 0.25 487.79 5.26
GC24 3.10 0.60 21.03 29.20 0.25 613.94 5.26
GC25 3.10 0.60 21.03 35.20 0.25 740.10 5.26
GC26 3.10 0.60 21.03 40.20 0.25 845.22 5.26
Total weight (KN)
442.00
Wi.Xi 8732.40
Wi.Yi 2460.97
Ground floor beam
A 35.00 0.30 0.40 73.50 20.20 0.20 1484.70 14.70
B 35.00 0.30 0.40 73.50 20.20 5.30 1484.70 389.55
B' 6.40 0.30 0.40 15.12 20.20 8.86 305.42 133.96
C 35.00 0.30 0.40 73.50 20.20 11.90 1484.70 874.65
c' 6.00 0.30 0.40 12.60 20.20 14.00 254.52 176.40
1.00 11.50 0.30 0.40 24.15 0.20 6.05 4.83 146.11
2.00 11.50 0.30 0.40 24.15 5.20 6.05 125.58 146.11
3.00 11.50 0.30 0.40 24.15 11.20 6.05 270.48 146.11
4.00 11.50 0.30 0.40 24.15 29.20 5.85 705.18 141.28
5.00 11.50 0.30 0.40 24.15 35.20 5.85 850.08 141.28
6.00 11.50 0.30 0.40 24.15 40.20 6.05 970.83 146.11
7.00 13.60 0.30 0.40 24.15 17.20 7.10 415.38 171.47
8.00 13.60 0.30 0.40 24.15 23.20 7.10 560.28 171.47
Total weight (KN)
441.42
Wi.Xi 8916.68
Wi.Yi 2799.18

shear wall
sw1 3.10 0.15 0.15 2.79 18.97 11.45 52.93 31.95
sw2 3.10 0.15 0.15 22.32 19.98 12.43 445.84 277.33
sw3 3.10 0.15 0.15 23.44 19.98 10.48 468.13 245.49
sw4 3.10 0.15 0.15 23.99 20.98 12.23 503.27 293.33
sw5 3.10 0.15 0.15 7.25 20.98 10.88 152.15 78.89
Wi.Xi 1622.33
Wi.Yi 926.98
partiotion load
GP1 1.5KN/m2 603.75 17.70 2.58 10686.38 1557.68
Wi.Xi 10686.38
Wi.Yi 1557.68
Stair
Flight 1 2.15 1.50 0.13 10.06 19.97 13.25 200.98 133.32
Flight 2 2.10 1.50 0.20 15.12 18.15 11.48 274.43 173.58
Flight 3 2.00 1.50 0.21 15.12 19.84 9.65 299.98 145.91
Landing 1 1.60 1.40 0.20 10.75 18.15 13.28 195.15 142.79
Landing 2 1.56 1.50 0.21 11.79 18.12 9.65 213.70 113.81
Wi.Xi 1184.24
Wi.Yi 709.40
Ground Floor Slab
P1 6.65 5.13 0.19 155.56 2.64 8.60 410.03 1337.83
P2 6.65 6.00 0.19 181.94 8.20 8.60 1491.94 1564.72
P3 6.65 6.00 0.19 181.94 14.20 8.60 2583.60 1564.72
P4 6.00 3.63 0.19 99.32 20.13 7.07 1999.21 702.17
P5 6.65 6.00 0.19 181.94 26.14 8.60 4755.23 1564.72
P6 6.65 6.00 0.19 181.94 32.30 8.60 5876.79 1564.72
P7 5.25 5.13 0.19 122.81 2.64 2.63 323.71 322.47
P8 6.00 5.25 0.19 143.64 8.20 2.63 1177.85 377.16
P9 6.00 5.25 0.19 143.64 14.20 2.63 2039.69 377.16
P10 6.00 5.25 0.19 143.64 20.20 2.63 2901.53 377.16
P11 6.00 5.25 0.19 143.64 26.20 2.63 3763.37 377.16
P12 6.15 5.25 0.19 147.23 32.20 2.63 4740.84 386.58
Total weight (KN)
1827.26
Wi.Xi 32063.79
Wi.Yi 10516.55
Wall
W1 3.10 6.00 0.20 52.08 0.22 8.50 11.51 442.68
W2 3.10 6.00 0.15 39.06 5.22 8.50 203.89 332.01
W3 3.10 4.60 0.20 39.93 2.70 11.70 107.81 467.16
W4 3.10 4.60 0.20 39.93 8.20 11.72 327.41 467.96
W5 3.10 5.60 0.20 48.61 14.22 11.70 691.21 568.71
W8 3.10 6.00 0.15 39.06 11.20 8.50 437.47 332.01
W10 3.10 1.70 0.20 14.76 17.22 12.85 254.10 189.61
W11 3.10 5.60 0.20 48.61 20.12 13.90 977.99 675.65
W12 3.10 1.70 0.20 14.76 23.22 12.85 342.65 189.61
W13 3.10 5.60 0.20 48.61 26.19 11.75 1272.80 571.14
W15 3.10 6.00 0.15 39.06 17.22 8.50 672.61 332.01
W16 3.10 6.00 0.15 39.06 23.22 8.50 906.97 332.01
W20 3.10 5.60 0.20 48.61 32.20 11.75 1565.18 571.14
W21 3.10 6.00 0.20 52.08 35.20 8.50 1833.22 442.68
W22 3.10 6.00 0.20 52.08 40.20 8.50 2093.62 442.68

W24 3.10 2.30 0.20 19.96 0.22 3.73 4.39 74.47

W25 3.10 2.30 0.15 14.97 5.20 3.70 77.86 55.40
W26 3.10 2.30 0.15 14.97 11.20 3.70 167.70 55.40
W27 3.10 2.30 0.15 14.97 17.20 3.70 257.54 55.40
W28 3.10 2.30 0.15 14.97 23.20 3.70 347.37 55.40
W29 3.10 2.30 0.15 14.97 29.20 3.70 437.21 55.40
W30 3.10 2.30 0.15 14.97 35.20 3.70 527.05 55.40
W31 3.10 4.50 0.20 39.06 40.20 3.70 1570.21 144.52
Total weight (KN)
765.14
Wi.Xi 15087.76
Wi.Yi 6908.46
total weight
4222.2072
Wi.Xi 78293.582
Wi.Yi 25879.225
center ofX(m)
mass 18.54328
Y(m) 6.129312
Computation of center of mass for other floors is attached in the annex.
mass center xi yi
basement 19.18 6.28
ground 18.54 6.13
first 20.18 6.29
second 19.73 6.13
third 19.73 6.13
fourth 20.27 6.22
access and roof 10.84 4.28
slab roof 7.47 3.66
Table 5-3 Center of mass
5.2.5 Determination of center of stiffness
Center of stiffness ( ) is a point where the stiffness or strength of the floor is

concentrated.
Xs 
D x iy i
; Ys 
D y
ix i
Where Dix= and Diy=
D iy D ix
Iy hb 3 I x bh 3
Kx   ; Ky  
L 12 L L 12 L

Shear center (Xi, Yi): a point where the center of stiffness (shear center) of the i th shear
wall or column is located.
a
k
for general case ; Where k
k beam
for general case
2k 2k c
a
0.5  k
for fixed column base k
k beam
for fixed column base
2k kc
0.5k
a for pin sup ported columns
1  2k
Dix =D-value in the X-direction Diy = D-value in the Y-direction
Beam stiffness
Kb=Ib/L= bh3/ (12L)


Based on the above discussion concepts calculation of Kc, Kb, k , a, ∑D was undertaken
and the results are given below in their respective frames.
Center of stiffness
Xs 
D x iy i
Ys 
D yix i
…………..Varginon’s theorem
D iy D ix
Where:
Xs,Ys are center of stiffness
Dix, Diy are lateral stiffness of a particular frame element
k is total sum of stiffness ratio of beam and column
a is a factor depending on boundary condition
Column stiffness
First story
Column height = 2m
Kxc = b3h/12L = (503*40) / (12*200) = 2083.33

Kyc = bh3/12L = (50*403) / (12*200) = 1333.33
Second story
Column height = 3m
Kxc = b3h/12L = (503*40) / (12*300) = 1388.89
Kyc = bh3/12L = (50*403) / (12*300) = 888.89
Third story
Column height = 2.96m
Kxc = b3h/12L = (503*40) / (12*296) = 1407.66
Kyc = bh3/12L = (50*403) / (12*296) = 900.91
Fourth, Fifth, Sixes and Seventh stories
Column height = 3.2m
Kxc = b3h/12L = (503*40) / (12*320) = 1302.08
Kyc = bh3/12L = (50*403) / (12*320) = 833.33
Eighth story
Column Height = 3m
Kxc = b3h/12L = (403*30) / (12*300) = 533.33
Kyc = bh3/12L = (40*303) / (12*300) = 300
For circular column
Moment of inertia = I = /4*(r4)
Determine Kbar, a, and D values
Kbar represents the total sum of stiffness ratios of beams above and below the column
divided by 2Kc.
Where D is the lateral force required to cause unit deflection
Kc = column stiffness

a = factor depending on boundary conditions.
Beam Stiffness
Beam Length(cm) Kb
500 214.38
215 498.55
Basement
600 178.65
650 121.15
500 320.00
215 744.19
Ground
600 266.67
650 246.15
500 320.00
215 744.19 Dimension
1st Floor
600 266.67
650 246.15
500 320.00
215 744.19
2nd Floor 40
600 266.67 30
650 246.15
500 320.00
3rd Floor
215 744.19 30 30
600 266.67
650 246.15
500 320.00
4th Floor 215 744.19
600 266.67
650 246.15
215 261.63
650 86.54
Access room and roof
500 112.50
600 93.75
215 261.63
slab roof 650 86.54
600 93.75
cantilever 215 868.2170543

Column Stiffness
Storey Length(cm) Kxc Kyc

Footing 250 2880 1280
Basement (rectangular)
275 2618.181818 1163.64 Dimension
Basement (Circular) 275 2119.5 2119.5
Ground ( Rectangular)310 2322.580645 2322.58
Ground (Circular) 310 2148.141892 1035.948
40
1st Floor 320 1000 2250.00 60
2nd Floor 320 1302.083333 2250.00
3rd Floor 320 1302.083333 2250.00 40
4th Floor 320 1302.083333 2250.00 40
Access 300 622.222 476.39
stair column
Storey Length(cm) Kxc Kyc r

Footing 250 1666.666667 1066.666667
Basement (rectangular)
275 1515.151515 969.6969697
Ground ( Rectangular)310 860.2150538 1344.086022
1st Floor 320 833.3333333 1302.083333
2nd Floor 320 833.3333333 1302.083333
3rd Floor 320 833.3333333 1302.083333
4th Floor 320 833.3333333 1302.083333
Access 300 833.3333333 1302.083333
Table 5-4 center of stiffness

Determination of D-values of frames
Along Axis 1-1 and 8-8

Roof 164.90 214.38
Kc= 2250.00 Kc= 2250.00 Kc= 2250.00
Kbar= 0.09 Kbar= 0.21 Kbar 0.12 Diy
a= 0.04 a= 0.10 a= 0.06 438.27
4th D= 98.28 246.15 D= 213.89 320.00 D= 126.11
Kc= 2250.00 Kc= 2250.00 Kc= 2250.00
Kbar= 0.11 Kbar= 0.25 Kbar 0.14
a= 0.05 a= 0.11 a= 0.07 517.51
3rd D= 116.69 246.15 D= 251.44 320.00 D= 149.38
Kc= 2250.00 Kc= 2250.00 Kc= 2250.00
Kbar= 0.11 Kbar= 0.25 Kbar= 0.14
a= 0.05 a= 0.11 a= 0.07 517.51
2nd D= 116.69 246.15 D= 251.44 320.00 D= 149.38
Kc= 2250.00 Kc= 2250.00 Kc= 2250.00
Kbar= 0.11 Kbar= 0.25 Kbar= 0.14
a= 0.05 a= 0.11 a= 0.07 517.51
1st D= 116.69 246.15 D= 251.44 320.00 D= 149.38
Kc= 2322.58 Kc= 2322.58 Kc= 1035.95
Kbar= 0.11 Kbar= 0.24 Kbar= 0.31
a= 0.05 a= 0.11 a= 0.13 507.80
Ground D= 116.88 246.15 D= 252.32 320.00 D= 138.59
Kc= 1163.64 Kc= 1163.64 Kc= 1163.64
Kbar= 0.16 Kbar= 0.39 Kbar= 0.23
a= 0.07 a= 0.16 a= 0.10 393.78
Basement D= 85.11 121.15 D= 188.84 214.38 D= 119.84
Kc= 1280.00 Kc= 1280.00 Kc= 1280.00
Kbar= 0.09 Kbar= 0.26 Kbar= 0.17
a= 0.28 a= 0.34 a= 0.31 1188.80
Footing D= 363.38 D= 431.24 D= 394.18
//////////////////// //////////////////// ////////////////////

D value determination

Roof 86.54 112.50
Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33
Kbar= 0.67 Kbar= 0.35 Kbar= 0.72 Diy
a= 0.25 a= 0.15 a= 0.26 552.66
4th 868.22 D= 209.53 164.90 D= 123.20 214.38 D= 219.92 868.22
Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33
Kbar= 1.24 Kbar= 0.46 Kbar= 1.30
a= 0.38 a= 0.19 a= 0.39 801.52
3rd 868.22 D= 318.89 164.90 D= 154.48 214.38 D= 328.15 868.22
Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33
Kbar= 1.24 Kbar= 0.46 Kbar= 1.30
a= 0.38 ` a= 0.19 a= 0.39 801.52
2nd 868.22 D= 318.89 164.90 D= 154.48 214.38 D= 328.15 868.22
Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33
Kbar= 0.72 Kbar= 0.46 Kbar= 0.78
a= 0.26 a= 0.19 a= 0.28 608.23
1st D= 220.32 164.90 D= 154.48 214.38 D= 233.42
Kc= 1344.09 Kc= 1344.09 Kc= 1035.95
Kbar= 0.12 Kbar= 0.28 Kbar= 0.21
a= 0.06 a= 0.12 a= 0.09 341.01
Ground D= 77.69 164.90 D= 166.19 214.38 D= 97.14
Kc= 969.70 Kc= 2119.50 Kc= 969.70
Kbar= 0.20 Kbar= 0.23 Kbar= 0.30
a= 0.09 a= 0.10 a= 0.13 433.21
Basement D= 87.51 219.87 D= 218.10 373.33 D= 127.59
Kc= 1066.67 Kc= 1066.67 Kc= 1066.67
Kbar= 0.21 Kbar= 0.56 Kbar= 0.35
a= 0.32 a= 0.41 a= 0.36 1167.95
Footing D= 341.41 D= 440.72 D= 385.82
//////////////////// //////////////////// ////////////////////


Roof 261.63 86.54
Kc= 281.25 Kc= 476.39 Kc= 476.39
Kbar= 0.93 Kbar= 0.73 Kbar= 0.30 Diy
a= 0.32 a= 0.27 a= 0.13 278.87
Access R D= 89.29 261.63 D= 127.49 86.54 D= 62.09 112.50
Kc= 281.25 Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33
Kbar= 1.20 Kbar= 0.56 Kbar= 0.35 Kbar= 0.45
a= 0.38 a= 0.22 a= 0.15 a= 0.18 562.21
4th D= 105.67 415.46 D= 181.56 164.90 D= 123.20 214.38 D= 151.78 415.46
Kc= 281.25 Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33
a= 0.60 a= 0.26 a= 0.19 a= 0.27 765.98
3rd D= 167.71 415.46 D= 215.23 164.90 D= 154.48 214.38 D= 228.55 415.46
Kc= 281.25 Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33
a= 0.42 a= 0.26 a= 0.19 a= 0.27 717.74
2nd D= 119.48 415.46 D= 215.23 164.90 D= 154.48 214.38 D= 228.55 415.46
Kc= 281.25 Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33
a= 0.42 a= 0.26 a= 0.19 a= 0.20 657.60
1st D= 119.48 415.46 D= 215.23 164.90 D= 154.48 214.38 D= 168.40
Kc= 290.32 Kc= 1344.09 Kc= 1344.09 Kc= 1035.95
a= 0.44 a= 0.19 a= 0.12 a= 0.09 643.72
Ground D= 127.86 498.55 D= 252.53 164.90 D= 166.19 214.38 D= 97.14
Kc= 327.27 Kc= 969.70 Kc= 2119.50 Kc= 969.70
a= 0.51 a= 0.31 a= 0.10 a= 0.13 814.52
Basement D= 167.16 868.22 D= 301.66 219.87 D= 218.10 373.33 D= 127.59
Kc= 360.00 Kc= 1066.67 Kc= 1066.67 Kc= 1066.67
a= 0.66 a= 0.50 a= 0.41 a= 0.36 1601.01
D= 237.60 D= 536.88 D= 440.72 D= 385.82
//////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// ////////////////////


Roof 164.90 214.38
Kc= 2250.00 Kc= 2250.00 Kc= 2250.00
Kbar= 0.71 Kbar= 0.21 Kbar= 0.74  Diy
a= 0.26 a= 0.10 a= 0.27 1407.82
4th 2777.78 D= 588.64 246.15 D= 213.89 320.00 D= 605.28 2777.78
Kc= 2250.00 Kc= 2250.00 Kc= 2250.00
Kbar= 1.34 Kbar= 0.25 Kbar= 1.38
a= 0.40 a= 0.11 a= 0.41 2073.11
3rd 2777.78 D= 904.29 246.15 D= 251.44 320.00 D= 917.37 2777.78
Kc= 2250.00 Kc= 2250.00 Kc= 2250.00
Kbar= 1.34 Kbar= 0.25 Kbar= 1.38
a= 0.40 a= 0.11 a= 0.41 2073.11
2nd 2777.78 D= 904.29 246.15 D= 251.44 320.00 D= 917.37 2777.78
Kc= 2250.00 Kc= 2250.00 Kc= 2250.00
Kbar= 0.73 Kbar= 0.25 Kbar= 0.76
a= 0.27 a= 0.11 a= 0.28 1470.36
1st D= 599.64 246.15 D= 251.44 320.00 D= 619.27
Kc= 2322.58 Kc= 2322.58 Kc= 1035.95
Kbar= 0.11 Kbar= 0.24 Kbar= 0.31
a= 0.05 a= 0.11 a= 0.13 507.80
Ground D= 116.88 246.15 D= 252.32 320.00 D= 138.59
Kc= 2119.50 Kc= 2119.50 Kc= 1163.64
Kbar= 0.09 Kbar= 0.21 Kbar= 0.23
a= 0.04 a= 0.10 a= 0.10 411.60
Basement D= 88.01 121.15 D= 203.75 214.38 D= 119.84
Kc= 1280.00 Kc= 1280.00 Kc= 1280.00
Kbar= 0.09 Kbar= 0.26 Kbar= 0.17
a= 0.28 a= 0.34 a= 0.31 1188.80
Footing D= 363.38 D= 431.24 D= 394.18
//////////////////// //////////////////// ////////////////////

Along Axis C' -C'

Roof slab 93.75
Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33
Kbar= 0.11 Kbar= 0.11  Dix
a= 0.05 a= 0.05 88.76
Access room D= 44.38 93.75 D= 44.38
Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33
Kbar= 0.22 Kbar= 0.22
a= 0.10 a= 0.10 162.62
4th D= 81.31 266.67 D= 81.31
Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33
Kbar= 0.32 Kbar= 0.32
a= 0.14 a= 0.14 229.89
3rd D= 114.94 266.67 D= 114.94
Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33
Kbar= 0.32 Kbar= 0.32
a= 0.14 a= 0.14 229.89
2nd D= 114.94 266.67 D= 114.94
Kc= 833.33 Kc= 833.33
Kbar= 0.32 Kbar= 0.32
a= 0.14 a= 0.14 229.89
1st D= 114.94 266.67 D= 114.94
Kc= 860.22 Kc= 860.22
Kbar= 0.31 Kbar= 0.31
a= 0.13 a= 0.13 230.88
Ground D= 115.44 266.67 D= 115.44
Kc= 1515.15 Kc= 1515.15
Kbar= 0.15 Kbar= 0.15
a= 0.07 a= 0.07 207.42
Basement D= 103.71 178.65 D= 103.71
Kc= 1666.67 Kc= 1666.67
Kbar= 0.11 Kbar= 0.11
a= 0.29 a= 0.29 960.50
Footing D= 480.25 D= 480.25
//////////////////// ////////////////////
Table 5-5 D value determination

Center of stiffness is determined as follows
center of stiffness
number of number of
axis along axis along
storey X Y Diy.Xi Dix.yi Diy Dix Xs Ys
Basement 8.00 4.00 212685.26 123588.00 10634.26 21047.26 20.00 5.87
Ground 8.00 4.00 82950.75 27748.30 4144.05 4744.51 20.02 5.85
First 8.00 4.00 104555.67 32610.46 5227.78 5575.35 20.00 5.85
Second 8.00 4.00 188193.70 29068.93 9409.68 4944.61 20.00 5.88
Third 8.00 4.00 241629.94 32366.06 12081.50 5544.09 20.00 5.84
Fourth 8.00 4.00 248995.83 32366.06 12449.79 5544.09 20.00 5.84
access room and8.00
roof 4.00 173911.02 27503.61 8695.55 4709.60 20.00 5.84
slab roof 3.00 2.00 3605.39 3768.52 1201.80 627.09 3.00 6.01
Table 5-6 Center of stifness
computation of eccentricity
No Floor Xs Ys Xm Ym ex ey
1.00 basement 20.00 5.87 19.18 6.28 0.82 -0.41
2.00 ground 20.02 5.85 18.54 6.13 1.47 -0.28
3.00 first 20.00 5.85 20.18 6.29 -0.18 -0.44
4.00 second 20.00 5.88 19.73 6.13 0.27 -0.25
5.00 third 20.00 5.84 19.82 6.12 0.18 -0.29
6.00 fourth 20.00 5.84 20.27 6.22 -0.27 -0.38
7.00 access and roof20.00 5.84 10.84 4.28 9.16 1.56
8.00 slab roof 3.00 6.01 7.47 3.66 -4.47 2.35
eli 0.05Li
elx 0.05(40) 2.00
ely 0.05(16.05) 0.80
Design Eccentricity
No Floor ex ey edx1 edx2 edy1 edy2 edx edy
1.00 basement 0.82 -0.41 2.82 -1.18 0.39 -1.21 2.82 0.39
2.00 ground 1.47 -0.28 3.47 -0.53 0.52 -1.08 3.47 0.52
3.00 first -0.18 -0.44 1.82 -2.18 0.36 -1.24 1.82 0.36
4.00 second 0.27 -0.25 2.27 -1.73 0.55 -1.06 2.27 0.55
5.00 third 0.18 -0.29 2.18 -1.82 0.52 -1.09 2.18 0.52
6.00 fourth -0.27 -0.38 1.73 -2.27 0.42 -1.18 1.73 0.42
7.00 access room and9.16
roof 1.56 11.16 7.16 2.36 0.76 11.16 2.36
8.00 slab roof -4.47 2.35 -2.47 -6.47 3.16 -3.27 -2.47 3.16
Table 5-7 computation of eccentricity

COMPUTATION OF FRAME SHEAR

Force in Y-direction
Axis Floor Diy Diy V Qi (Fix)
1 Basement 1188.802 24.620 2.752
2 Basement 1188.802 24.620 2.752
3 Basement 1188.802 24.620 2.752
4 Basement 1750.726 24.620 4.053
10634.263
5 Basement 1750.726 24.620 4.053
6 Basement 1188.802 24.620 2.752
7 Basement 1188.802 24.620 2.752
8 Basement 1188.802 24.620 2.752
1 Ground 393.785 124.128 11.795
2 Ground 408.697 124.128 12.242
3 Ground 408.697 124.128 12.242
4 Ground 857.945 124.128 25.698
4144.054
5 Ground 857.945 124.128 25.698
6 Ground 411.600 124.128 12.329
7 Ground 411.600 124.128 12.329
8 Ground 393.785 124.128 11.795
1 First 507.801 208.066 20.210
2 First 507.801 208.066 20.210
3 First 507.801 208.066 20.210
4 First 1090.488 208.066 43.401
5227.783
5 First 1090.488 208.066 43.401
6 First 507.801 208.066 20.210
7 First 507.801 208.066 20.210
8 First 507.801 208.066 20.210
1 Second 517.514 311.212 17.116
2 Second 1470.361 311.212 48.630
3 Second 1470.361 311.212 48.630
4 Second 1246.607 311.212 41.230
9409.685
5 Second 1246.607 311.212 41.230
6 Second 1470.361 311.212 48.630
7 Second 1470.361 311.212 48.630
8 Second 517.514 311.212 17.116
1 Third 517.514 406.333 17.405
2 Third 2073.110 406.333 69.724
3 Third 2073.110 406.333 69.724
4 Third 1377.015 406.333 46.313
12081.497
5 Third 1377.015 406.333 46.313
6 Third 2073.110 406.333 69.724
7 Third 2073.110 406.333 69.724
8 Third 517.514 406.333 17.405
1 Fourth 517.514 468.526 19.476
2 Fourth 2073.110 468.526 78.018
3 Fourth 2073.110 468.526 78.018
4 Fourth 1561.162 468.526 58.752
12449.791
5 Fourth 1561.162 468.526 58.752
6 Fourth 2073.110 468.526 78.018
7 Fourth 2073.110 468.526 78.018
8 Fourth 517.514 468.526 19.476
1 Rood and access 438.272 123.785 6.239
2 Rood and access 1407.817 123.785 20.041
3 Rood and access 1407.817 123.785 20.041
4 Rood and access 1093.871 123.785 15.572
8695.551
5 Rood and access 1093.871 123.785 15.572
6 Rood and access 1407.817 123.785 20.041
7 Rood and access 1407.817 123.785 20.041
8 Rood and access 438.272 123.785 6.239

1 Roof slab 38.821

2 Roof slab 38.821
3 Roof slab 38.821
4 Roof slab 600.899 38.821 19.410
1201.797
5 Roof slab 600.899 38.821 19.410
6 Roof slab 38.821
7 Roof slab 38.821
8 Roof slab 38.821
force in X-direction
Axis Floor Dix Dix V Qi (Fiy)
A Basement 6695.58 24.62 7.83
B Basement 6695.58 24.62 7.83
21047.26
C Basement 6695.58 24.62 7.83
C' Basement 960.50 24.62 1.12
A Ground 1522.98 124.13 39.84
B Ground 1499.28 124.13 39.22
4744.51
C Ground 1514.84 124.13 39.63
C' Ground 207.42 124.13 5.43
A First 1762.87 208.07 65.79
B First 1804.53 208.07 67.34
5575.35
C First 1777.07 208.07 66.32
C' First 230.88 208.07 8.62
A Second 1571.58 311.21 98.91
B Second 1571.58 311.21 98.91
4944.61
C Second 1571.58 311.21 98.91
C' Second 229.89 311.21 14.47
A Third 1771.40 406.33 129.83
B Third 1771.40 406.33 129.83
5544.09
C Third 1771.40 406.33 129.83
C' Third 229.89 406.33 16.85
A Fourth 1771.40 468.53 149.70
B Fourth 1771.40 468.53 149.70
5544.09
C Fourth 1771.40 468.53 149.70
C' Fourth 229.89 468.53 19.43
A Roof and access 1504.40 123.79 39.54
B Roof and access 1504.40 123.79 39.54
4709.60
C Roof and access 1504.40 123.79 39.54
C' Roof and access 196.42 123.79 5.16
A Roof slab
B Roof slab 232.87 38.82 14.42
627.09
C Roof slab 232.87 38.82 14.42
C' Roof slab 161.35 38.82 9.99

SHEAR CORRECTION FACTOR

basement floor
Axis Diy Xbar i Diy*(Xbar i)^2 Dix ybar i Dix*(ybar i)^2
1 1188.802 20.000 475520.686
2 1188.802 15.000 267480.386
3 1188.802 9.000 96292.939
4 1750.726 3.000 15756.538
5 1750.726 -3.000 15756.538
6 1188.802 -9.000 96292.939
7 1188.802 -15.000 267480.386
8 1188.802 -20.000 475520.686
A 6695.585 5.872 230860.781
B 6695.585 0.872 5090.391
C 6695.585 -5.628 212083.844
960.502 -7.778 58108.832
sum 1710101.098 sum 506143.848
Jr 2216244.947
Ground Floor
1 393.785 20.017 157778.935
2 408.697 15.017 92163.078
3 408.697 9.017 33228.258
4 857.945 3.017 7808.298
5 857.945 -2.983 7635.194
6 411.600 -8.983 33215.159
7 411.600 -14.983 92402.533
8 393.785 -19.983 157249.255
A 1522.977 5.849 52093.435
B 1499.277 0.849 1079.419
C 1514.842 -5.651 48383.163
207.416 -7.801 12624.031
sum 581480.710 sum 114180.048
Jr 695660.758

First Floor
1 507.801 20.000 203120.455
2 507.801 15.000 114255.256
3 507.801 9.000 41131.892
4 1090.488 3.000 9814.395
5 1090.488 -3.000 9814.395
6 507.801 -9.000 41131.892
7 507.801 -15.000 114255.256
8 507.801 -20.000 203120.455
A 1762.874 5.849 60310.109
B 1804.532 0.849 1300.826
C 1777.068 -5.621 56149.406
230.880 -7.801 14050.217
sum 736643.995 sum 131810.558
Jr 868454.553
Second Floor
1 517.514 20.000 207005.490
2 1470.361 15.000 330831.145
3 1470.361 9.000 119099.212
4 1246.607 3.000 11219.467
5 1246.607 -3.000 11219.467
6 1470.361 -9.000 119099.212
7 1470.361 -15.000 330831.145
8 517.514 -20.000 207005.490
A 1571.576 5.879 54316.141
B 1571.576 0.879 1214.015
C 1571.576 -5.621 49656.527
229.885 -7.771 13882.722
sum 1336310.629 sum 119069.404
Jr 1455380.033

Third Floor
1.000 517.514 20.000 207005.490
2.000 2073.110 15.000 466449.738
3.000 2073.110 9.000 167921.906
4.000 1377.015 3.000 12393.134
5.000 1377.015 -3.000 12393.134
6.000 2073.110 -9.000 167921.906
7.000 2073.110 -15.000 466449.738
8.000 517.514 -20.000 207005.490
A 1771.402 5.838 60372.073
B 1771.402 0.838 1243.775
C 1771.402 -5.662 56789.248
229.885 -7.812 14029.494
sum 1707540.536 sum 132434.590
Jr 1839975.126
Fourth Floor
1.000 517.514 20.000 207005.490
2.000 2073.110 15.000 466449.738
3.000 2073.110 9.000 167921.906
4.000 1561.162 3.000 14050.459
5.000 1561.162 -3.000 14050.459
6.000 2073.110 -9.000 167921.906
7.000 2073.110 -15.000 466449.738
8.000 517.514 -20.000 207005.490
A 1771.402 5.838 60372.073
B 1771.402 0.838 1243.775
C 1771.402 -5.662 56789.248
C' 229.885 -7.812 14029.494
sum 1710855.185 sum 132434.590
Jr 1843289.775
Access Room and Roof

1.000 438.272 20.000 175308.620
2.000 1407.817 15.000 316758.745
3.000 1407.817 9.000 114033.148
4.000 1093.871 3.000 9844.835
5.000 1093.871 -3.000 9844.835
6.000 1407.817 -9.000 114033.148
7.000 1407.817 -15.000 316758.745
8.000 438.272 -20.000 175308.620
A 1504.396 5.840 51306.552
B 1504.396 0.840 1061.248
C 1504.396 -5.660 48195.925
C' 196.416 -7.810 11980.934
sum 1231890.697 sum 112544.659
Adama Science &Technology University

Jr (ASTU) 1344435.356 165
Slab Roof
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000 600.899 3.000 5408.088
5.000 600.899 -3.000 5408.088
6.000
7.000
8.000
A
B 232.868 6.010 8410.008
C 232.868 -0.490 56.010
C' 161.351 -2.640 1124.920
sum 10816.176 sum 9590.938
Jr 20407.113

SHEAR CORRECTION FOR TORSION

CORRECTION IN Y-DIRECTION
Basement Floor
Axis Qi X bar i αi.y1 αi.y2 αiy Fi
1 2.752 20.000 1.030 0.987 1.030 2.836
2 2.752 15.000 1.023 0.990 1.023 2.815
3 2.752 9.000 1.014 0.994 1.014 2.790
4 4.053 3.000 1.007 0.997 1.007 4.080
5 4.053 -3.000 0.993 1.003 1.003 4.065
6 2.752 -9.000 0.986 1.006 1.006 2.768
7 2.752 -15.000 0.977 1.010 1.010 2.778
8 2.752 -20.000 0.970 1.013 1.013 2.787
Ground Floor
1 11.795 20.017 1.039 0.994 1.039 12.259
2 12.242 15.017 1.031 0.995 1.031 12.617
3 12.242 9.017 1.018 0.997 1.018 12.467
4 25.698 3.017 1.013 0.998 1.013 26.030
5 25.698 -2.983 0.987 1.002 1.002 25.748
6 12.329 -8.983 0.982 1.003 1.003 12.363
7 12.329 -14.983 0.969 1.005 1.005 12.386
8 11.795 -19.983 0.961 1.006 1.006 11.865
First floor
1 20.210 20.000 1.021 0.974 1.021 20.640
2 20.210 15.000 1.016 0.981 1.016 20.532
3 20.210 9.000 1.010 0.989 1.010 20.404
4 43.401 3.000 1.007 0.992 1.007 43.698
5 43.401 -3.000 0.993 1.008 1.008 43.759
6 20.210 -9.000 0.990 1.011 1.011 20.443
7 20.210 -15.000 0.984 1.019 1.019 20.598
8 20.210 -20.000 0.979 1.026 1.026 20.727
Second Floor
1 22.983 20.000 1.022 0.984 1.022 23.480
2 38.630 15.000 1.027 0.979 1.027 39.684
3 38.630 9.000 1.016 0.988 1.016 39.262
4 55.362 3.000 1.008 0.994 1.008 55.795
5 55.362 -3.000 0.992 1.006 1.006 55.691
6 38.630 -9.000 0.984 1.012 1.012 39.110
7 38.630 -15.000 0.973 1.021 1.021 39.430
8 22.983 -20.000 0.978 1.016 1.016 23.360

Third Floor
1 24.853 20.000 1.018 0.985 1.018 25.291
2 56.093 15.000 1.030 0.975 1.030 57.769
3 56.093 9.000 1.018 0.985 1.018 57.099
4 66.128 3.000 1.007 0.994 1.007 66.594
5 66.128 -3.000 0.993 1.006 1.006 66.518
6 56.093 -9.000 0.982 1.015 1.015 56.933
7 56.093 -15.000 0.970 1.025 1.025 57.492
8 24.853 -20.000 0.982 1.015 1.015 25.219
Fourth Floor
1 27.461 20.000 1.014 0.982 1.014 27.844
2 61.980 15.000 1.024 0.969 1.024 63.443
3 61.980 9.000 1.014 0.981 1.014 62.858
4 82.841 3.000 1.006 0.992 1.006 83.364
5 82.841 -3.000 0.994 1.008 1.008 83.530
6 61.980 -9.000 0.986 1.019 1.019 63.137
7 61.980 -15.000 0.976 1.031 1.031 63.908
8 27.461 -20.000 0.986 1.018 1.018 27.966

1 8.099 20.000 1.096 1.062 1.096 8.875
2 16.331 15.000 1.145 1.093 1.145 18.699
3 16.331 9.000 1.087 1.056 1.087 17.752
4 21.132 3.000 1.038 1.024 1.038 21.925
5 21.132 -3.000 0.962 0.976 0.976 20.623
6 16.331 -9.000 0.913 0.944 0.944 15.420
7 16.331 -15.000 0.855 0.907 0.907 14.812
8 8.099 -20.000 0.904 0.938 0.938 7.601
slab roof
1
2
3
4 19.410 3.000 0.788 0.445 0.788 15.302
5 19.410 -3.000 1.212 1.555 1.555 30.177
6
7
8

CORRECTION IN X-DIRECTION
Basement Floor
Axis Qi y bar i αi.y1 αi.y2 αiy Fi
A 7.832 5.872 1.007 0.979 1.007 7.887
B 7.832 0.872 1.001 0.997 1.001 7.840
C 7.832 -5.628 0.993 1.021 1.021 7.993
C' 1.124 -7.778 0.999 1.004 1.004 1.128
Ground Floor
A 39.845 5.849 1.007 0.986 1.007 40.111
B 39.225 0.849 1.001 0.998 1.001 39.262
C 39.632 -5.651 0.994 1.013 1.013 40.160
C' 5.427 -7.778 0.999 1.003 1.003 5.440
First Floor
A 65.788 5.849 1.004 0.985 1.004 66.073
B 67.343 0.849 1.001 0.998 1.001 67.386
C 66.318 -5.621 0.996 1.014 1.014 67.265
C' 8.616 -7.801 0.999 1.003 1.003 8.638
Second Floor
A 98.914 5.879 1.005 0.991 1.005 99.375
B 98.914 0.879 1.001 0.999 1.001 98.983
C 98.914 -5.621 0.996 1.009 1.009 99.762
C' 14.469 -7.771 0.999 1.002 1.002 14.494
Third Foor
A 129.430 5.862 1.004 0.992 1.004 129.960
B 129.430 0.862 1.001 0.999 1.001 129.508
C 129.430 -5.638 0.996 1.008 1.008 130.433
C' 18.042 -7.788 0.999 1.001 1.001 18.069
Fourth Floor
A 149.241 5.862 1.003 0.991 1.003 149.744
B 149.241 0.862 1.000 0.999 1.000 149.315
C 149.241 -5.638 0.997 1.008 1.008 150.495
C' 20.804 -7.788 0.999 1.002 1.002 20.837


A 39.445 5.859 1.020 1.006 1.020 40.219
B 39.445 0.859 1.003 1.001 1.003 39.558
C 39.445 -5.641 0.981 0.994 0.994 39.202
C' 5.450 -7.791 0.996 0.999 0.999 5.444
Slab Roof
A
B 14.365 6.038 1.225 0.769 1.225 17.599
C 14.365 -0.462 0.983 1.018 1.018 14.619
C' 10.091 -2.612 0.932 1.070 1.070 10.800
Table 5-8 Computation of frame shear


Roof 8.88
4th 27.84
3rd 25.29
2nd 23.48
1st 20.64
Ground 12.26
Basement 2.84
Footing
//////////////////// //////////////////// ////////////////////


Roof 18.70
4th 63.44
3rd 57.77
2nd 39.68
1st 20.53
Ground 12.62
Basement 2.81
Footing
//////////////////// //////////////////// ////////////////////


Roof 30.18 93.75 261.63
Access R 21.92
4th 83.36
3rd 66.59
2nd 55.80
1st 43.70
Ground 26.03
Basement 4.08
//////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// ////////////////////


Roof 15.42
4th 63.91
3rd 57.49
2nd 39.43
1st 20.60
Ground 12.39
Basement 2.78
Footing
//////////////////// //////////////////// ////////////////////

Along Axis A-A

Roof 40.22
4th 129.96
3rd 129.96
2nd 99.38
1st 66.07
Ground 40.11
Basement 7.89
Footing
//////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// ////////////////

Along Axis B-B

Roof 17.60
Access room 39.56
4th 149.31
3rd 129.51
2nd 98.98
1st 67.39
Ground 39.26
Basement 7.84
Footing
//////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// ///////

Along Axis C-C

Roof 14.62
Access room 39.20
4th 150.49
3rd 130.43
2nd 99.76
1st 67.26
Ground 40.16
Basement 7.99
Footing
//////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// ////////////////////
Figure 5.1 lateral loads

Along Axis C' -C'

Roof slab 10.80
Access room 5.44
4th 20.84
3rd 18.07
2nd 14.49
1st 8.64
Ground 5.44
Basement 1.13
Footing
//////////////////// ////////////////////

Analysis out of ETABS v 9.7.0
3D frame analysis is held using ETABS for computation of shear force and moment.
The following load combinations are considered:
Combo 1: 1.3DL + 1.6LL
Combo 2: 0.75(1.3DL + 1.6LL) + EQX
Combo 3: 0.75(1.3DL + 1.6LL) - EQX
Combo 4: 0.75(1.3DL + 1.6LL) + EQY
Combo 5: 0.75(1.3DL + 1.6LL) - EQY
Combo 6: DL+LL
Combo 7: Envelope
Envelope: This Combo maximum is the maximum of all of the maximum values for each
of the included analysis cases. Similarly, the Combo minimum is the minimum of all of
the minimum values for each of the included analysis cases.
For analysis we apply combo 7 to get a combination which has a maximum effect.

Figure 5.1 3D frame

Figure 5.2 Deformed Shape
Figure 5.3 Moment

CHAPTER 6
6 BEAM DESIGN
DESIGN FOR FLEXURAL RINFORCEMENT
Fourth floor Beam
Axis B-B
Check for T – section and Γ –section or rectangular beam

span 1 be
150
400
300+5000/10 =800mm
or
300 ½*5000 =2500mm
Therefore, be =800mm
[ √ ]
[ √ ]
=1/2[0.087 ]

=0.0845 OR 0.0026
Therefore, the section is rectangular
300+6000/5 =1500mm
or
½*1500+1/2*5000 =3250mm
[ √ ]
[ √ ]
=1/2[0.087 ]
=0.085 OR 0.00215

300+6000/5 =1500mm
or
½*1500+1/2*5000 =3250mm
[ √ ]
[ √ ]
=1/2[0.087 ]
=0.0849 OR 0.0021

300+6000/5 =1500mm
or
½*1500+1/2*5000 =3250mm
[ √ ]
[ √ ]
=1/2[0.087 ]
=0.085OR 0.00185

300+6000/5 =1500mm
or
½*1500+1/2*5000 =3250mm
[ √ ]
[ √ ]
=1/2[0.087 ]
=0.085 OR 0.00185

300+6000/5 =1500mm
or
½*1500+1/2*5000 =3250mm
[ √ ]
[ √ ]
=1/2[0.087 ]
=0.085 OR 0.00195

300+5000/10 =800mm
or
½*5000 =2500mm
[ √ ]
[ √ ]
=1/2[0.087 ]
=0.0845 OR 0.0025
1. Check for Doubly reinforced or singly reinforced

Support-A
Md =135.41kN
√ √
---------------------ρ=1.00
Therefore, use 6Ø20mm at the top
Therefore, use 1Ø20mm at the bottom
Span -1
Md =66.05kNm
√ √
ρ=1.00

Support-B
Md =188.17kNm
√ √
ρ=1.02
Span -2
Md =104.02kNm
√ √
ρ=1.00

Support-C
Md =208.57kNm
√ √
ρ=1.02
Span -3
Md =102.36kNm
√ √
ρ=1.00

Support-D
Md =203.86kNm
√ √
ρ=1.02
Span -4
Md =90.14kNm
√ √
ρ=1.00

Support-E
Md =184.36kNm
√ √
ρ=1.02
Span -5
Md =90.28kNm
√ √
ρ=1.00
Support-F

Md =181.27kNm
√ √
ρ=1.02
Span -6
Md =94.41kNm
√ √
ρ=1.00
Support-G

Md =170.59kNm
√ √
ρ=1.01
Span -7
Md =64.11kNm
√ √
ρ=1.00
Support-H
Md =134.96kNm

√ √
ρ=1.00
SHEAR RINFORCEMENT DESIGN
Diagonal compression resistance of concrete

Concrete shear strength
Shear reinforcement
Maximum spacing(Smax) ( )
( )
Therefore, Smax = 251.2 250mm
For Span -1

Therefore, provide Ø8 C/C 250mm
Location of Vc
For Span -2
Location of Vc
For Span -3

Location of Vc
For Span -4
Location of Vc

For Span -5
Location of Vc

For Span -6
Location of Vc
For S pan -7

Location of Vc
Design for Inclined stair Beam
1.05 m
1.625 m 1.575 m
Weight on inclined beam =
20.72 KN/m
4.54 KN/m

( )
= -27.36-17.25+3.2RB =0
= RB = 13.94KN
= RA =26.88
M max
At V=0, moment is maximum
Therefore,

Using , <
Therefore, provide 2Ø12
The rest of beam are designed using Excel Template and are listed below.

1 Conrete Steel Constants concrete cover 25 Beam section

fck= 25 Mpa fyk= 300 Mpa m= 28.77 Initial bar 12
fcd= 11.33 Mpa fyd= 260.87 Mpa c1= 0.087 Stirrup 8 350 mm
fctd= 1.197 ρb = 0.0253 Mpa c2= 3002.34
ρmax = 0.019 ρmin = 0.002 d= 311 mm 300 mm
Minimum c/c Spacing 5 m
axis - A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Basement Floor
Length 5 6 6 6 6 6 5
Moment(KN.m) -22.47 10.93 -30.87 15.53 -30.78 15.4 -31.43 15.43 -31.69 15.41 -32.09 16.00 -30.77 2.62 -10.35
ρcalc 0.0031 0.0015 0.0043 0.0021 0.0043 0.0021 0.0044 0.0021 0.0044 0.0021 0.0045 0.0022 0.0043 0.0003 0.0014
ρused 0.0031 0.002 0.0043 0.0021 0.0043 0.0021 0.0044 0.0021 0.0044 0.0021 0.0045 0.0022 0.0043 0.002 0.002
∅ 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
Asteel 283.65 183 393.45 192.15 393.45 192.15 402.6 192.15 402.6 192.15 411.75 201.3 393.45 183 183
2.51 1.62 3.48 1.70 3.48 1.70 3.56 1.70 3.56 1.70 3.64 1.78 3.48 1.62 1.62
# 3 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2
Maximum Shear = 31.27 KN Shear capacity of cocrete,Vc

Design Shear k1 = 1.225 Vc = 44.09 KN OK!
k2 = 1.289 Shear reinforcement ∅ c/c
Check for diagonal compression,V RD ∅ Vs = 0.00 KN
VRD = 264.35 KN OK! 8 Smin = 311 mm
Provide ∅ 8 c/c 310
2 Conrete Steel Constants concrete cover 25 Beam section
fck= 25 Mpa fyk= 300 Mpa m= 28.77 Initial bar 14 hf = 200 mm
fcd= 11.33 Mpa fyd= 260.87 Mpa c1= 0.087 Stirrup 8 400 mm
fctd= 1.197 ρb = 0.0253 Mpa c2= 3002.34
ρmax = 0.019 ρmin = 0.002 d= 360 mm 300 mm
axis - A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ground Floor
Length 5 6 6 6 6 6
Moment(KN.m) -52.00 26.05 -78.44 41.40 -82.64 40.66 -81.46 30.33 -59.98 18.80 -36.58 5.10 -15.40
be 300 1300 300 1500 300 1500 300 1500 300 1500 300 1500 300
ρcalc 0.0055 0.0026 0.0086 0.0043 0.0091 0.0042 0.009 0.0031 0.0064 0.0019 0.0038 0.0005 0.0015
ρused 0.0055 0.0026 0.0086 0.0043 0.0091 0.0042 0.009 0.0031 0.0064 0.002 0.0038 0.002 0.002
0.8 *x 45.58 21.54 71.26 35.63 75.41 34.80 74.58 25.69 53.03 16.57 31.49 16.57 16.57
Section Type Rec Rec Rec Rec Rec Rec Rec Rec Rec Rec Rec Rec Rec
∅ 20 16 20 16 20 20 20 16 20 14 14 14 14
Asteel 572.55 273.78 895.26 452.79 947.31 437.22 936.9 326.43 666.24 211.8 402.42 211.8 211.8
1.82 1.36 2.85 2.25 3.02 1.39 2.98 1.62 2.12 1.38 2.61 1.38 1.38
# 2 2 3 3 4 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2
Maximum Shear = 76.57 KN Check for diagonal compression,V RD

Design Shear k1 = 1.455 VRD = 306.00 KN OK!
k2 = 1.240
Shear capacity of cocrete,Vc
Vc = 58.31 KN Failure
Shear reinforcement Vs = 18.26 KN
∅= 8 Smin = 200 mm ∅8 c/c 200
The rest of beam calculation is attached in the annex

CHAPTER SEVEN
7 COLUMN DESIGN
Columns are upright members which carry the loads from beams and slabs dawn to the
foundation and therefore they are primary compression members, although they may
also have to resist bending forces due to some eccentricity or due to the continuity of
the structure.
For the purpose of design calculations, structural members may be classified as Sway
or Non-sway depending on their sensitivity to second order effect due to lateral
displacements.
According to EBCS 2 1995 section 4.4.4.2
1. A frame may be classified as non-sway if its response to in-plane horizontal

forces is sufficiently stiff for it to be acceptably accurate to neglect any additional
internal forces or moments arising from horizontal displacements of its nodes.
2. Any other frame shall be classified as a sway frame and the effects of horizontal
displacements of it nodes shall be taken in to account in its design
3. A frame may be classified as non-way for a given load case if the critical load
ratio Nsd/Ncr for that load case satisfies the criterion:
Nsd/Ncr ≤0.1
Where Nsd is design value of the total vertical load
Ncr is its critical value for failure in a sway mode
4. Beam and column type plane frames in building structures with beams
connecting each column at each story level may be classified as non-sway for a
given load case, when first- order theory is used, the horizontal displacements in
each story due to the design loads (both horizontal and vertical), plus the initial
sway imperfection satisfy the criterion of the following equation.
Where: is the horizontal displacement at the top of story, relative to the bottom of
the story
L is the story height

H is the total horizontal reaction at the bottom of the story
N is the total vertical reaction at the bottom of the story
DESING PROCEDURE
1. To design a column in a particular frame first the frame is classified weather it is

sway or non-sway.
2. To determine the nature of the frame we substitute the beams and columns by
one substitute frame.
3. The value of the axial force on each substitute frame column is obtained by
adding the axial load each column for the story including self-weight.
4. The value of the stiffness coefficients of the substitute frame is given by
For beam = 2*Kbi
For column =Kci
Where: Kbi = stiffness coefficient of beam
Kci = stiffness coefficient of column
5. The effective length of the substitute frame is computed for each story assuming
as sway frame as shown below.
The effective length buckling L e of a column in a given plane is obtained from the
following approximate equation provided that certain restriction is compiled with.
a. Non-sway mode
Le/L = (αm + 0.4) / (αm + 0.8) ≥ 0.7
b. Sway mode
Le/L = √ ≥ 1.15
Where αm of a stiffness coefficient which will be discussed using the following

theoretical model

Where Kc1 and Kc2 are column stiffness coefficients (EI/L)
Kc is the stiffness coefficient of the column being designed
α = 1.0 if opposite end elastically or rigidly restrained
α = 0.5 if opposite ends are free to rotate
α = 0 for cantilever beam
The above approximate equation for effective length calculation is applicable for values
of α1 and α2 not exceeding 10.
If a base shear is designed to resist the column moment may be taken as 1.0
6. The dimension of the substitute column is computed to find the moment of inertia
of the section (Ic)
7. The amount of reinforcement required by the substitute column is computed and
the moment of inertia of the reinforcement with respect to the centroid of the
concrete section is determined.
The first order moment, Mdl, at critical section of the substitute may be
determined using:
Mdl =
Where: H = the total horizontal reaction at the bottom of the story
L = the story shear

8. The buckling load of a story may be assumed to be equal to that of the substitute
Beam-column frame and may be determined as:

Ncr =
Where: EIe is the effective stiffness of the substitute column designed

Le is the effective length
For more accurate determination, the effective stiffness of a column may be taken as:
EIe = 0.2EcIc + EsIs
Where: Ec = 1100fcd
Es is the modulus of elasticity of steel
Ic, Is are the moment of inertia of the concrete and reinforcement sections,
respectively of the substitute column, with respect to the centroid of the concrete
section.
According to EBCS 2, 1995 section 4.4.12 a substitute frame may be assumed to be

equal to that of the substitute beam and column frame. The equivalent column
dimensions of the substitute column may be taken as shown below in the figure.
Circular columns may be replaced by square columns of the same cross sectional area.

Slenderness
 = Le/i
Where Le = effective buckling length
i = radius of gyration of the gross concrete section in the plane of buckling.
i = I/A
LIMITS OF SLENDERNESS
According to EBCS 2 1995 section 4.4.6
1. the slenderness ratio of concrete column shall not exceed 140

2. the second order effects in compressive members need not be taken in t account
in the following cases:

a. for sway frames, the greater of

 ≤ 25
≤ Where d= Nsd / fcdAc

√
b. for non-sway frames

 ≤ 50-25
Where: M1 and M2 are the first order (calculated) moments at the ends, M2 being
always positive and greater in magnitude than M1, and M1 being positive if member is
bent in single curvature and negative if bent is double curvature
- For this particular design we select 2 types of columns for design 1 from edge
and one from middle, designated as C19 and C10 in the architectural drawing.
The folowing dimensions are safe in the analyisi using ETABS Nonlinear v9.7.0
Floor column Dimension (mm)
Footing and Basement 400*500
Ground, First and second 400*400
Third and fourth 300*300
Circular 500
Stair column 300*300 and 350*350
Columns at the intersection of Axis-1 and Axis-C and the intersection of Axis-2 and
Axis-B has been selected for design.
CALCULATION
7.1 Determination of Sway or Non-sway condition of substitute frame
Axis 1 and Axis 2 Dimensions of frame elements

Basement Beam Slab Beam TT Beam column 2
0.3
0.35 Ib= 0.00107 0.4 Ib= 0.0016 0.25 Ib= 0.000326 Ic= 0.000675
0.25
0.3
0.3 0.3
Column 40*50 Column 1 Column 3 column 2
Ic= 0.00416667 Ic= 0.002133333 0.3 Ic= 0.000675

0.5 0.4
Ic= 0.01
0.3
0.4 0.4
D= 0.6

Axis 1
0 0 0
Acceses 0
0
Ac= 0 5.01E-05 6.5104E-05 0.000230369
0.00021
0.00021
0.00021
0.00063
4th
Ac= 0.27 0 0.000246 0.00032 0 0.001132308

0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0006
3rd
Ac= 0.27 0 0.000246 0.00032 0 0.001132308

0.0021
0.0021
0.0021
0.0064
nd
2
Ac= 0.48 0 0.000246 0.00032 0 0.001132308

0.0021
0.0021
0.0021
1st 0.0064
Ac= 0.48 0.000246 0.00032 0.001132308
Ground
0
Ac= 0.6826 0.000246 0.00032 0.001132308

0.0014
0.0014
0.0014
0.0042
Basemen
Ac= 0.6 0.000165 0.00021438 0.000758558

0.0021
0.0021
0.0021
0.0063
Found. Found.
1
Ac= 0.6

Axis alond Y-Y

Level α1 α2 αm H L Le Nsd HL Mdl v μ ω
Foundation 27.46 0.01 13.74 121.23 2.00 6.93 3,798.86 242.46 21.82 0.56 0.0041 min
Basement 57.13 27.46 42.29 118.39 3.00 17.71 3,579.42 355.17 119.44 0.53 0.0227 min
Ground 61.07 57.13 59.10 106.13 3.20 22.23 2,881.49 339.62 164.41 0.37 0.0257 min
1st 22.61 61.07 41.84 85.49 3.20 18.79 2,150.52 273.57 195.45 0.40 0.0519 min
nd
2 12.42 22.61 17.52 62.01 3.20 12.40 1,441.55 198.43 123.85 0.27 0.0329 min
rd
3 2.24 12.42 7.33 36.72 3.20 8.38 832.55 117.50 87.72 0.27 0.0233 min
th
4 5.49 2.24 3.86 8.88 3.20 6.47 150.22 28.42 10.84 0.05 0.0068 min
Roof 0.00 5.49 2.75 0.00 3.00 5.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0000 min
As Φ Is Ic EIe Ncr Nsd/Ncr Condition

4800.00 11Φ24 6.13E-05 4.17E-03 2.26E+04 4,654.38 0.82 Sway
4800.00 11 Φ24 6.13E-05 4.17E-03 2.26E+04 712.09 5.03 Sway
5460.80 12 Φ24 6.88E-05 4.17E-03 2.41E+04 481.36 5.99 Sway
3840.00 13 Φ20 4.77E-05 2.13E-03 1.49E+04 415.05 5.18 Sway
3840.00 13 Φ20 6.87E-05 2.13E-03 1.90E+04 1,221.75 1.18 Sway
2160.00 7Φ20 8.48E-05 6.75E-04 1.86E+04 2,616.30 0.32 Sway
2160.00 7Φ20 8.48E-05 6.75E-04 1.86E+04 4,388.27 0.03 Non sway
0.00 0.00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00 0.00 Non sway

Axis 2:
0 0 0
Acceses
0
0
Ac= 0 5.01E-05 0.000326 0.000751
0.000211
0.000211
0.000211
0.000633
th
4
Ac= 0.27 0.000821 0.000246 0.00032 0.000821 0.004414

0.0002109
0.0002109
0.0002109
0.0006328
3rd
Ac= 0.27 0.000821 0.000246 0.00032 0.000821 0.004414

0.0013021
0.0013021
0.0013021
0.0039063
2nd
Ac= 0.48 0.000821 0.000246 0.00032 0.000821 0.004414

0.00130208
0.00130208
0.00130208
0.00390625
1st
Ac= 0.48 0.000246 0.00032 0.001132

0.0130208
0.0130208
0.0280287
0.001987
Ground
Ac= 0.683 0.000246 0.00032 0.001132

0.00138889
0.00138889
0.00489728
0.0021195
Basemen
Ac= 0.683 0.000165 0.000214 0.000759

0.0021
0.0021
0.0021
0.0063
Found.
1
Ac= 0.6

Level α1 α2 αm H L Le Nsd HL Mdl v μ ω

Foundation 29.39 0.01 14.70 215.55 2.00 7.14 8,344.87 431.10 36.68 1.23 0.0070 min
Basement 58.16 29.39 43.77 212.74 3.00 18.00 8,163.22 638.22 220.98 1.06 0.0346 min
Ground 56.41 58.16 57.28 200.12 3.20 21.90 6,592.71 640.38 324.84 0.85 0.0508 min
1st 3.54 56.41 29.97 179.59 3.20 15.99 4,918.63 574.69 517.70 0.90 0.1374 min
nd
2 2.06 3.54 2.80 139.91 3.20 5.76 3,477.88 447.71 252.49 0.64 0.0670 min
rd
3 0.57 2.06 1.31 82.14 3.20 4.58 1,937.18 262.85 154.01 0.63 0.0409 min
th
4 1.68 0.57 1.13 18.70 3.20 4.41 152.65 59.84 25.89 0.05 0.0163 min
Roof 0.00 1.68 0.84 0.00 3.00 3.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0000 min
As Φ Is Ic EIe Ncr Nsd/Ncr Condition

4800.00 11 Φ24 6.13E-05 4.17E-03 2.26E+04 4,373.35 1.91 Sway
4800.00 11 Φ24 6.13E-05 4.17E-03 2.27E+04 688.96 11.85 Sway
5460.80 12 Φ24 6.13E-05 4.17E-03 2.26E+04 465.64 14.16 Sway
3840.00 9 Φ24 6.86E-05 2.13E-03 1.90E+04 733.59 6.70 Sway
3840.00 9 Φ24 6.86E-05 2.13E-03 1.90E+04 5,658.33 0.61 Sway
2160.00 7 Φ20 8.05E-05 6.75E-04 1.78E+04 8,339.49 0.23 Sway
2160.00 7 Φ20 8.05E-05 6.75E-04 1.78E+04 8,990.95 0.02 Non Sway
0.00 0.00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00 0.00 Non Sway
Axis B and Axis C Dimensions of frame elements
column 40*50 column 1 column 3 column 2
0.5 Ic = 0.003 0.4 Ic= 0.0021 Ic = 0.006359 0.3 Ic= 0.000675
0.6 0.3
0.4 0.4

Basement Beam Slab beam TTB
0.35 Ib= 0.0011 0.4 Ib= 0 Ib= 0.0003

0.25
0.3 0.3 0.25

AXIS B-B
5E-05 0
0.00023
0.00023
0.00045
AC C ES S
Ac= 0.4 6.5E-05 5E-05 5.4E-05 5E-05 5.43E-05 5.43E-05 6.51E-05 0

0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.0016875
4th
Ac= 1.6 0.00032 0.0003 0.00027 3E-04 0.000267 0.000267 0.00032 0

0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.0016875
3rd
Ac= 1.6 0.00032 0.0003 0.00027 3E-04 0.000267 0.000267 0.00032 0

0.000667
0.000667
0.000667
0.000667
0.000667
0.000667
0.000667
0.000667
0.005333
2n d
Ac= 1.92 0.00032 0.0003 0.00027 3E-04 0.000267 0.000267 0.00032 0

0.000667
0.000667
0.000667
0.000667
0.000667
0.000667
0.000667
0.000667
0.005333
1st
Ac= 1.92 0.00032 0.0003 0.00027 3E-04 0.000267 0.000267 0.00032 0

0.0008333
0.0008333
0.0008333
0.0008333
0.0008333
0.0008333
0.0008333
0.0008333
0.0066667
GRO UND
Ac= 1.92 0.00032 0.0003 0.00027 3E-04 0.000267 0.000267 0.00032 0

0.00088889
0.00088889
0.01449478
0.0021195
0.0021195
0.0021195
0.0021195
0.0021195
0.0021195
BAS EMENT
Ac= 1.92 0.00021 0.0002 0.00018 2E-04 0.000179 0.000179 0.000214 0

0.001333333
0.001333333
0.001333333
0.001333333
0.001333333
0.001333333
0.001333333
0.001333333
0.010666667
FO UNDATIO N
Ac= 1.92
//////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// ////////////////////

AXIS B
Level α1 α2 αm H L Le Nsd HL Mdl m w
Foundation 19.03 0.02 9.53 549.45 2.00 5.87 25542.78 1098.90 132.52 0.00 1.17 0.03
Basement 10.72 19.03 14.88 541.61 3.00 10.78 25075.94 1624.83 1001.21 0.03 1.15 0.09
Ground 6.08 10.72 8.40 502.35 3.20 8.89 20852.45 1607.52 967.39 0.03 0.96 min
First 5.41 6.08 5.74 434.96 3.20 7.57 15130.77 1391.87 722.83 0.02 0.70 min
Second 3.56 5.41 4.48 355.98 3.20 6.85 10210.45 1139.14 639.89 0.02 0.47 min
Third 1.71 3.56 2.63 206.47 3.20 5.64 5733.30 660.70 384.52 0.02 0.32 min
Fourth 5.32 1.71 3.52 57.16 3.20 6.25 688.11 182.91 66.10 0.00 0.04 min
Access 8.29 5.32 6.81 17.60 3.00 7.62 176.06 52.80 22.40 0.01 0.04 min
As  Is Ic Eie Ncr Nsd/Ncr condition

2501.66 8ɸ20 0.00 0.00 15144.04 4329.55 5.90 Sway
7504.98 17ɸ24 0.00 0.00 18920.73 1606.47 15.61 Sway
12800.00 28ɸ24 0.00 0.00 18956.54 2363.71 8.82 Sway
10240.00 23ɸ24 0.00 0.00 19075.41 3282.95 4.61 Sway
10240.00 23ɸ24 0.00 0.00 19075.41 4005.58 2.55 Sway
5760.00 13ɸ24 0.00 0.00 24878.27 7709.06 0.74 Sway
5760.00 13ɸ24 0.00 0.00 24878.27 6280.95 0.11 Sway
1440.00 6ɸ20 0.00 0.00 17770.58 3019.49 0.06 Non sway

AXIS C-C
5.43E-05
0.00023
0.00023
AC C ES S
Ac= 0.4 6.51E-05 5.43E-05 5.43E-05 5.43E-05 5.4E-05 5.43E-05 6.51E-05

0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
4th
Ac= 1.6 0.00032 0.000267 0.000267 0.000267 0.00027 0.000267 0.00032

0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
0.00021094
3rd
Ac= 1.6 0.00032 0.000267 0.000267 0.000267 0.00027 0.000267 0.00032

0.0006667
0.0006667
0.0006667
0.0006667
0.0006667
0.0006667
0.0006667
0.0006667
2n d
Ac= 1.92 0.00032 0.000267 0.000267 0.000267 0.00027 0.000267 0.00032

0.000667
0.000667
0.000667
0.000667
0.000667
0.000667
0.000667
0.000667
1s t
Ac= 1.92 0.00032 0.000267 0.000267 0.000267 0.00027 0.000267 0.00032

0.00083333
0.00083333
0.00083333
0.00083333
0.00083333
0.00083333
0.00083333
0.00083333
GRO UND
Ac= 1.92 0.00032 0.000267 0.000267 0.000267 0.00027 0.000267 0.00032

0.00088889
0.00088889
0.00088889
0.00088889
0.00088889
0.00088889
0.0021195
0.0021195
BAS EMENT
Ac= 1.92 0.000214 0.000179 0.000179 0.000179 0.00018 0.000179 0.0002144

0.001333333
0.001333333
0.001333333
0.001333333
0.001333333
0.001333333
0.001333333
0.001333333
FO UNDATIO N
Ac= 1.92
//////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// //////////////////// /////////
Figure 7.1 substitute frame

AXIS C
Level α1 α2 αm H L Le Nsd HL Mdl m w
Foundation 15.31 0.02 7.67 535.29 2.00 5.34 15481.92 1070.58 151.64 0.01 0.71 min
Basement 8.23 15.31 11.77 527.73 3.00 9.68 15027.90 1583.19 981.34 0.03 0.69 min
Ground 6.08 8.23 7.16 487.14 3.20 8.30 12792.35 1558.85 861.86 0.03 0.59 min
First 5.41 6.08 5.74 491.88 3.20 7.57 9919.27 1574.02 817.42 0.03 0.46 min
Second 3.56 5.41 4.48 320.12 3.20 6.85 6758.05 1024.38 575.43 0.02 0.31 min
Third 1.71 3.56 2.63 189.69 3.20 5.64 3833.83 607.01 353.27 0.02 0.21 min
Fourth 5.32 1.71 3.52 39.20 3.20 6.25 374.46 125.44 45.33 0.00 0.02 min
As  Is Ic Eie Ncr Nsd/Ncr condition

12800.00 28ɸ24 0.000062 0.00 18956.54 6551.25 2.36 Sway
12800.00 28ɸ24 0.000062 0.00 18956.54 1993.86 7.54 Sway
12800.00 28ɸ24 0.000062 0.00 18956.54 2714.46 4.71 Sway
10240.00 23ɸ24 0.000069 0.00 19075.41 3282.95 3.02 Sway
10240.00 23ɸ24 0.000069 0.00 19075.41 4005.58 1.69 Sway
5760.00 18ɸ20 0.000081 0.00 17789.42 5512.43 0.70 Sway
5760.00 18ɸ20 0.000116 0.00 24894.55 6285.06 0.06 Non Sway
Table 7-1 sway frame

Column on Axis 1-C

X -direction
Level Nsd v L α1 α2 αm Le i λ λ < Max(15/Sqr v,25) Condition
Foundation 1079.9 0.48 2.00 9.12 0.00 4.56 4.31 0.1154701 37.35 25.00 Slender
Basement 1006.77 0.44 3.00 4.86 9.12 6.99 7.70 0.1154701 66.71 25.00 Slender
Ground 802.61 0.35 3.20 4.17 4.86 4.51 6.87 0.1154701 59.51 25.20 Slender
1st 380.7 0.21 3.20 4.17 4.17 4.17 6.66 0.2886751 23.08 32.73 Non slender
nd
2 271.37 0.15 3.20 2.74 4.17 3.45 6.21 0.1154701 53.76 38.77 Slender
rd
3 152.18 0.15 3.20 1.32 2.74 2.03 5.18 0.2886751 17.96 38.83 Non slender
th
4 31.84 0.03 3.20 3.24 1.32 2.28 5.38 0.0866025 62.09 84.89 Non slender
Y -direction
Level Nsd v L α1 α2 αm Le i λ λ < Max(15/Sqr γ,25) Condition
Foundation 1079.9 0.48 2.00 18.53 0.00 9.27 5.80 0.1154701 50.24 25.00 Slender
Basement 1006.77 0.44 3.00 8.35 18.53 13.44 10.28 0.1154701 89.07 25.00 Slender
Ground 802.61 0.35 3.20 5.42 8.35 6.88 8.16 0.1154701 70.69 25.20 Slender
1st 380.7 0.21 3.20 5.42 5.42 5.42 7.39 0.2886751 25.60 32.73 Non slender
nd
2 271.37 0.15 3.20 3.57 5.42 4.49 6.86 0.1154701 59.39 38.77 Slender
rd
3 152.18 0.15 3.20 1.71 3.57 2.64 5.64 0.2886751 19.55 38.83 Non slender
th
4 31.84 0.03 3.20 4.21 1.71 2.96 5.87 0.0866025 67.84 84.89 Non slender
7.2 Determine Slenderness of a column
Column on Axis 2-B

X-Direction
Level Nsd n L α1 α2 αm Le i l=sqrt(Le/I) l=15/sqrtn l<Max(15/Sqrt.n) , 25) condition
Foundation 3836.37 1.69 2.00 5.16 1.00 3.08 3.72 0.07 50.96 11.53 50.96 Non-slender
Basement 3792.97 1.18 3.00 5.08 5.16 5.12 6.77 0.07 101.57 13.78 101.57 Non-slender
Ground 2975.08 1.31 3.20 4.69 5.08 4.88 7.09 0.10 71.12 13.09 71.12 Non-slender
First 1553.92 0.86 3.20 2.36 4.69 3.52 6.25 0.06 96.85 16.20 96.85 Non-slender
Second 1098.68 0.61 3.20 1.55 2.36 1.95 5.12 0.06 79.35 19.27 79.35 Non-slender
Third 616.85 0.60 3.20 0.75 1.55 1.15 4.43 0.05 91.54 19.29 91.54 Non-slender
Fourth 40.27 0.04 3.20 0.88 0.75 0.81 4.11 0.05 84.94 75.48 84.94 Non-slender

Y-Direction
Level Nsd n L α1 α2 αm Le i l=sqrt(Le/I) l=15/sqrtn l<Max(15/Sqrt.n) , 25) condition
Foundation 3836.37 1.69 2.00 7.77 1.00 4.39 4.25 0.07 58.16 11.53 58.16 Non-Slender
Basement 3792.97 1.18 3.00 5.75 7.77 6.76 7.60 0.07 113.94 13.78 113.94 Non-Slender
Ground 2975.08 1.31 3.20 4.52 5.75 5.14 7.23 0.10 72.58 13.09 72.58 Non-Slender
First 1553.92 0.86 3.20 2.27 4.52 3.40 6.17 0.06 95.60 16.20 95.60 Non-Slender
Second 1098.68 0.61 3.20 1.50 2.27 1.88 5.07 0.06 78.50 19.27 78.50 Non-Slender
Third 616.85 0.60 3.20 0.72 1.50 1.11 4.39 0.05 90.77 19.29 90.77 Non-Slender
Fourth 40.27 0.04 3.20 0.85 0.00 0.43 3.71 0.05 76.55 75.48 76.55 Non-Slender
Table 7-2 slender frame
Action Forces and Moments on C-19

Axial load (KN) Moments in Y-Z Moments in X-Z plane
Story Top Bottom Top Bottom
Fourth 45.1 8.84 -10.33 -10.36 29.79
Third 228.23 63.12 -60.27 -70.05 52.51
Second 422.17 45.09 -46.58 -67.81 67.63
First 611.6 62.73 -68.83 -68.56 81.73
Groung 802.61 56.55 -70.02 -63.52 84.69
Basement 1006.99 57.15 -85.06 -61.32 100.86
Foundation 1079.9 34.63 123.3 -61.58 153.13
Action Forces and Moments on C-10

Axial load (KN) Moments in Y-Z Moments in X-Z plane
Story Top Bottom Top Bottom
Fourth 55.6 13.61 -23.65 19.29 -44.88
Third 843.1 36.47 -36.86 65.25 -67.57
Second 1503.48 73.98 -72.86 108.53 -132.45
First 2119.21 80.21 -100.08 118.49 18.52
Groung 2975.08 93.08 53.49 135.86 60.89
Basement 3792.97 114.94 -159.07 97.1 -155.55
Foundation 3836.37 -43.27 117.65 -64.42 156.18
Table 7-3 axial force and moments

7.3 Determination of total eccentricity
According to EBCS 2-1995 section 4.4.10.2 total eccentricity to be used for the design
of columns contains cross section at the critical section is given by:

Where:
 eo is equivalent constant first order eccentricity of the design axial load
There are two cases to compute the equivalent eccentricity
1. For first order eccentricity equal at both ends of a column eo

2. For first order moments varying linearly along the length, the equivalent
eccentricity is the higher of the following two values:
{
eo2 and eo1 are first order eccentricity at the ends eo2 being positive and greater in
magnitude than eo1.
 ea is the additional eccentricity allowance to account geometric imperfection
ea = Le/300 ≥ 20mm where Le is the effective length of isolated column.
 e2 is the second-order eccentricity.
For non-sway frames, the second order eccentricity e 2 of an isolated column may be
obtained as:
e2 =
Where: Le is the effective buckling length of the beam


k1 = for 15≤  ≤ 35
k1 = 1.0 for  > 35
1/r is the curvature at the critical section
( ) ( )
Where: d is the column dimension in the buckling plane less the cover to the center of
the longitudinal reinforcement
Md is the deign moment at he critical section including second order effects

Mbal is the balanced moment capacity of the column.
For this typical project we select a column found in Axis C-1 and Axis B-2, designated
as C-19 and C-10 on the structural layout.
Analyzed moments:
Column 19
Axial load M 3-3 M 2-2

Column 10
Axial load M 3-3 M 2-2

Column 19
Determination of Total Ecentricity

X -direction
Level Nsd M1 M2 e01 e02 e0 ea e2 eTot Mx
Foundation 1079.9 -61.58 153.13 -0.06 0.14 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.10 111.14
Basement 1006.99 -61.32 100.86 -0.06 0.10 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.07 72.72
Ground 802.61 -63.52 84.69 -0.08 0.11 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.07 58.79
1st 611.6 -68.56 81.73 -0.11 0.13 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.08 46.27
nd
2 422.17 -67.81 67.63 -0.16 0.16 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.09 39.99
rd
3 288.23 -70.05 52.51 -0.24 0.18 0.07 0.02 0.00 0.09 26.77
th
4 45.1 -10.36 29.79 -0.23 0.66 0.30 0.02 0 0.32 14.63
Y -direction
Level Nsd M1 M2 e01 e02 e0 ea e2 eTot My
Foundation 1079.9 -34.63 123.30 -0.03 0.11 0.06 0.02 0.0385116 0.11 123.31
Basement 1006.99 -57.15 85.06 -0.06 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.0122532 0.08 80.88
Ground 802.61 -56.55 70.02 -0.07 0.09 0.03 0.03 0.0194504 0.08 65.46
1st 611.6 -62.73 68.83 -0.10 0.11 0.05 0.02 0 0.07 42.60
nd
2 422.17 -45.09 46.58 -0.11 0.11 0.04 0.02 0.0275569 0.09 39.92
rd
3 288.23 -60.27 63.12 -0.21 0.22 0.09 0.02 0 0.11 31.01
th
4 45.1 -8.84 10.33 -0.20 0.23 0.09 0.02 0 0.11 5.03
Column 10
X-Direction
Level P M1 M2 e o1 e o2 eo ea e2 etot Mx
Foundation 3836.37 -64.42 156.18 -0.01679 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.04 144.67
Basement 3792.97 -97.10 155.55 -0.03 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.04 147.83
Ground 2975.08 -135.86 159.20 -0.05 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.05 133.98
First 2119.21 -118.49 138.25 -0.06 0.07 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.05 99.46
Second 1503.48 -108.53 132.45 -0.07 0.09 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.06 83.05
Third 842.10 -65.25 67.57 -0.08 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.05 43.87
Fourth 55.60 -19.29 44.88 -0.35 0.81 0.35 0.02 0.00 0.37 20.32

Y-Direction
Level P M1 M2 e o1 e o2 eo ea e2 etot My
Foundation 3836.37 -43.27 117.65 -0.01128 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.03 130.01
Basement 3792.97 -114.94 159.07 -0.03 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.04 159.67
Ground 2975.08 -93.08 97.21 -0.03 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.04 110.63
First 2119.21 -80.21 100.08 -0.04 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.04 83.62
Second 1503.48 -72.86 73.98 -0.05 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.04 59.66
Third 842.10 -36.47 36.86 -0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.04 31.59
Fourth 55.60 -13.61 23.65 -0.24 0.43 0.17 0.02 0.00 0.19 10.57
Table 7-4 moment calculation

7.4 Reinforcement Design
Column 19
Level Nsd Mx My v μh μb ω As As min As provided Φ

Foundation 1079.9 111.14 123.31 0.48 0.10 0.14 0.23 1997.8533 1600.00 1997.85 6Φ20
Basement 1006.99 72.72 80.88 0.44 0.06 0.09 min 1600.00 1600.00 1600.00 6Φ20
Ground 802.61 58.79 65.46 0.44 0.08 0.09 0.06 521.18 1600.00 1600.00 6Φ20
1st 611.6 46.27 42.60 0.34 0.06 0.06 0.02 138.98 1280.00 1280.00 5Φ20
nd
2 422.17 39.99 39.92 0.23 0.06 0.06 0.01 69.49 1280.00 1280.00 5Φ20
rd
3 288.23 26.77 31.01 0.28 0.07 0.10 0.11 429.97 720.00 720.00 4Φ16
th
4 45.1 14.63 5.03 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.12 469.06 720.00 720.00 4Φ16
Column 10
Level Nsd Mx My mh mb w As As min As provided ɸ

Foundation 3836.37 144.67 130.01 1.69301 0.13 0.14 0.82 7122.78 1600.00 7122.78 16ɸ24
Basement 3792.97 147.83 159.67 1.18462 0.15 0.17 0.50 4343.16 1600.00 4343.16 10ɸ24
Ground 2975.08 133.98 110.63 1.31292 0.12 0.12 0.75 5211.79 1600.00 5211.79 12ɸ24
First 2119.21 99.46 83.62 1.16903 0.14 0.12 0.79 5489.75 1280.00 5489.75 12ɸ24
Second 1503.48 83.05 59.66 0.82937 0.11 0.08 0.15 1042.36 1280.00 1280.00 4ɸ20
Third 842.10 43.87 31.59 0.82583 0.14 0.10 0.41 1602.63 720.00 1602.63 6ɸ20
Fourth 55.60 20.32 10.57 0.05453 0.07 0.03 0.13 508.15 720.00 720.00 4ɸ20
Table 7-5 Reinforcement Design

7.5 Design of column for shear
Lateral reinforcement determination
Lateral reinforcements are provided to keep in check the shearing effects of loads
applied on the column.
According to EBCS 2 -1995 section 4.5 the critical section for shear is obtained as the
sum of the resistance of the web reinforcement and of the concrete section.
In order to prevent diagonal compression failure in the concrete, the shear resistance
VRd of a section is given by:
VRd = 0.25fcdbwd<Vsd
Where : bw is the minimum width of the web
Vsd is the applied shear force
Column on Axis 1-C
Section A - A
Dimension 40*50
Maximum shear force =62.38KN, it occurs at the foundation column with Nsd
=1006.96KN
VRd = 0.25fcdbwd
= 0.25*11.33*400*500
= 566.5KN >62.38KN
Shear resistance cross section:
fctd = 1.03Mpa
K1 = 1 + 50ρ ≤2
ρmin = 0.5/fyk = 0.5/300 = 0.0016

K1 = 1 + 50 ρ
= 1 + (50*0.0016) = 1.08 ≤2 ……………..safe
K2 = 1.6 – d >1 where d is in meter (column width – concrete cover – diameter of

bar/2) = 400-30-12
= 1.6 – 0.358 = 1.242 >1 ………………………….safe
= 0.25*1.03*1.08*1.242*400*500
=69.08KN
Additional shear capacity of concrete member subjected to significant axial

compression:
Vcn =
= 100.696KN
Vtot = 69.08 + 100.96
= 169.776KN >62.38KN
Hence nominal shear reinforcement is to be provided
For reinforcing the cross section to resist shear force ties are used as lateral
reinforcement. The diameter of ties shall not be less than 6mm or one quarter of the
longitudinal bars.
The center to center spacing of lateral reinforcement shall not exceed:
- 12 times the minimum diameter of longitudinal bars

- Least dimension of column
- 300mm
ɸ≥6mm

Spacing s ≤ {
Thus provide ɸ10 c/c 285mm
Lap Length
According to EBCS 2 -1995 section 7.1.6.5 the length of lap lo shall be at least equal to :
lo ≥ a1lb,net ≥ lo,min
Where: lo,min = 0.3aa1lb ≥ 15 ɸ
or ≥200mm
The required anchorage length l b,net = alb ≥ lb,min
where: a1 is a function of percentage of the reinforcement lapped at any section.
As, cal = theoretical area of reinforcement required by the design
a =1 straight bar anchorage in tension or compression
= 0.7 for anchorage in tension with the standard hook
lb, min = the min. anchorage length
For bars in tension
lb,min = 0.3lb ≥ 10ɸ or ≥200mm
For bars in compression
Basic anchorage length is embedment length required to develop the full design
strength of a straight reinforcing bar.
The basic anchorage length lb for a bar diameter ɸ is:

For good condition the design bond strength of deformed bars may be taken as twice
the value of plain bars:
fbd = 2fctd = 2*1.03 = 2.06MPa
The percentage of lapped bars in compression in any one section may be 100% of the
total steel cross section
Therefore, a1 = 1.4
a = 1 for straight anchorage
= 759.82mm
lb,min = 0.6*759.82 =455.89mm > 240mm
lo,min = 0.3aa1lb ≥ 15 ɸ
lo,min = 0.3*1*1.4*759.82 = 319.12mm > 360mm
provide lo,min = 360mm
lb,net = alb ≥ lb,min
= 1*759.82*(1600/1884) ≥ lb,min
lb,net = 645.28 >455.89mm
The length of lap, l o
lo ≥ 1.4*645.28 = 903.4mm
Provide lap length l o = 900mm
Section C – C
Dimension 40*40

Maximum shear force =53.67KN, it occurs at the foundation column with Nsd =611.6KN
VRd = 0.25fcdbwd
= 0.25*11.33*400*400
= 453.2KN >53.67KN
fctd = 1.03Mpa
K1 = 1 + 50ρ ≤2
ρmin = 0.5/fyk = 0.5/300 = 0.0016
K1 = 1 + 50 ρ
= 1 + (50*0.0016) = 1.08 ≤2 ……………..safe

bar/2) = 400-30-12
= 1.6 – 0.358 = 1.242 >1 ………………………….safe
= 0.25*1.03*1.08*1.242*400*400
= 55.264KN

compression:
Vcn =
= 61.16KN
Vtot = 55.264 + 61.16

= 116.424KN >53.67KN
Spacing s ≤ {
Lap Length
or ≥200mm
The basic anchorage length lb for a bar diameter ɸ is:
For good condition the design bond strength of deformed bars may be taken as twice
the value of plain bars:
fbd = 2fctd = 2*1.03 = 2.06MPa
Therefore, a1 = 1.4
= 759.82mm
lb,min = 0.6*759.82 =455.89mm > 240mm

lo,min = 0.3*1*1.4*759.82 = 319.12mm > 360mm
= 1*759.82*(1600/1884) ≥ lb,min
lb,net = 645.28 >455.89mm
lo ≥ 1.4*645.28 = 903.4mm
Section E – E
Dimension 30*30
Maximum shear force =12.24KN, it occurs at the foundation column with Nsd =45.1KN
VRd = 0.25fcdbwd
= 0.25*11.33*300*300
= 254.9KN >12.24KN
fctd = 1.03Mpa
K1 = 1 + 50ρ ≤2
ρmin = 0.5/fyk = 0.5/300 = 0.0016
K1 = 1 + 50 ρ
= 1 + (50*0.0016) = 1.08 ≤2 ……………..safe


bar/2) = 400-30-12
= 1.6 – 0.358 = 1.242 >1 ………………………….safe
= 0.25*1.03*1.08*1.242*300*300
=31.086KN

compression:
Vcn =
= 4.51KN
Vtot = 31.086+4.51
= 35.6KN >12.24KN
Spacing s ≤ {
Lap Length
or ≥200mm
The basic anchorage length l b for a bar diameter ɸ is:

fbd = 2fctd = 2*1.03 = 2.06MPa
a1 = 1.4
a=1
= 506.54mm
lb,min = 0.6*506.54 =303.92mm > 240mm
lo,min = 0.3*1*1.4*506.54 = 212.75mm > 240mm
= 1*506.54*(720/803.84) ≥ lb,min
lb,net = 453.71 > 303.92mm
lo ≥ 1.4*453.71 = 635.2mm
Column on Axis 2-B
Section A - A
Maximum shear force = 105.39KN, it occurs at the basement column with Nsd =
3792.97KN

VRd = 0.25fcdbwd
= 0.25*11.33*400*500
= 566.5KN >105.39KN
fctd = 1.03Mpa
K1 = 1 + 50ρ ≤2
ρmin = 0.5/fyk = 0.5/300 = 0.0016
K1 = 1 + 50 ρ
= 1 + (50*0.0016) = 1.08 ≤2 ……………..safe

bar/2) = 400-30-12
= 1.6 – 0.358 = 1.242 >1 ………………………….safe
= 0.25*1.03*1.08*1.242*400*500
=69.08KN

compression:
Vcn =
= 100.696KN
Vtot = 69.08 + 100.96
= 169.776KN >62.38KN

Spacing s ≤ {
Lap Length
or ≥200mm
fbd = 2fctd = 2*1.03 = 2.06MPa
Therefore, a1 = 1.4
= 759.82mm
lb,min = 0.6*759.82 =455.89mm > 240mm
lo,min = 0.3*1*1.4*759.82 = 319.12mm > 360mm
Provide lo,min = 360mm
= 1*759.82*(4951.2/4521.6) ≥ lb,min
lb,net = 832.01 >455.89mm

lo ≥ 1.4*832.01 = 1164.8mm
Provide lap length lo = 1100mm
Section C – C
Dimension 40*40
=2119.21KN
VRd = 0.25fcdbwd
= 0.25*11.33*400*400
= 453.2KN >91.69KN
fctd = 1.03Mpa
K1 = 1 + 50ρ ≤2
ρmin = 0.5/fyk = 0.5/300 = 0.0016
K1 = 1 + 50 ρ
= 1 + (50*0.0016) = 1.08 ≤2 ……………..safe

bar/2) = 400-30-12
= 1.6 – 0.358 = 1.242 >1 ………………………….safe
= 0.25*1.03*1.08*1.242*400*400
=55.264KN


compression:
Vcn =
= 211.92KN
Vtot = 55.264 + 211.92
= 267.185KN >91.69KN
Spacing s ≤ {
Lap Length
or ≥200mm
fbd = 2fctd = 2*1.03 = 2.06MPa
a1 = 1.4
a=1
= 759.81mm

lb,min = 0.6*759.81 =455.89mm > 240mm
lo,min = 0.3*1*1.4*759.81= 319.12mm > 240mm
provide lo,min = 319.12mm
= 1*759.81*(3617.28/3683) ≥ lb,min
lb,net = 746.25 > 455.89mm
lo ≥ 1.4*746.25 = 1044.75mm
Section F - F
Dimension: diameter = 500mm
=3792.97KN
VRd = 0.25fcdbwd
= 0.25*11.33*3.14*250*250
= 555.88KN >105.39KN
fctd = 1.03Mpa

K1 = 1 + 50ρ ≤2
ρmin = 0.5/fyk = 0.5/300 = 0.0016
K1 = 1 + 50 ρ
= 1 + (50*0.0016) = 1.08 ≤2 ……………..safe

bar/2) = 400-30-12
= 1.6 – 0.358 = 1.242 >1 ………………………….safe
= 0.25*1.03*1.08*1.242*3.14*250*250
=67.8KN

compression:
Vcn =
= 379.23KN
Vtot = 67.8 + 379.23
= 447.04KN >105.39KN
Spacing s ≤ {
Lap Length

or ≥200mm
fbd = 2fctd = 2*1.03 = 2.06MPa
a1 = 1.4
a=1
= 759.81mm
lb,min = 0.6*759.81 =455.89mm > 240mm
lo,min = 0.3*1*1.4*759.81= 319.12mm > 360mm
= 1*759.81*(4347.16/4521.6) ≥ lb,min
lb,net = 730.5 > 455.89mm
lo ≥ 1.4*730.5 = 1022.7mm

Section D-D
Dimension: diameter = 350mm*350mm
Maximum shear force =193KN, it occurs at the foundation column with Nsd
=1561.87KN
VRd = 0.25fcdbwd
= 0.25*11.33*350*350
= 346.98KN >193KN
fctd = 1.03Mpa
K1 = 1 + 50ρ ≤2
ρmin = 0.5/fyk = 0.5/300 = 0.0016
K1 = 1 + 50 ρ
= 1 + (50*0.0016) = 1.08 ≤2 ……………..safe

bar/2) = 400-30-12
= 1.6 – 0.358 = 1.242 >1 ………………………….safe
= 0.25*1.03*1.08*1.242*350*350
=42.311KN

compression:
Vcn =

= 156.19KN
Vtot = 156.19 + 42.311
= 198.5KN >193KN
Spacing s ≤ {
Lap Length
or ≥200mm
fbd = 2fctd = 2*1.03 = 2.06MPa
a1 = 1.4
a=1
= 633.2mm

lb,min = 0.6*633.2 =379.91mm > 200mm
lo,min = 0.3*1*1.4*633.2= 265.95mm > 300mm
= 1*633.2*(1842.85/1884) ≥ lb,min
lb,net = 619.4> 379.91mm
The length of lap, lo
lo ≥ 1.4*619.4 = 867.1mm
The rest of columns are categorized and designed based on their loads and
dimension in the following table:
Section C-C Section D-D

0.4 0.35
0.5 Section A-A 0.5 Section B-B
0.4 0.35
0.4 0.4
Section F-F Section F-F
Section E-E 0.5 0.5

0.3
0.3

CATEGORY 1 Lay out CATEGORY 2 Lay out

section no dia ID section no dia ID
footing A 8 24 footing A 8 24
basement A 8 24 basement F 10 20
ground F 10 20 ground F 10 20
first C 8 24 first C 8 24
C1 C2
second C 8 24 second C 8 24
third E 8 16 third E 8 16
fourth E 8 16 fourth E 8 16
roof - - - roof - - -

footing B 10 24 footing B 10 24
basement G 12 20 basementG 12 20
ground B 10 24 ground C 8 24
C3 C4
roof - - - roof E 8 16

footing B 10 24 footing A 8 24
basement G 12 20 basementA 8 24
ground B 10 24 ground A 8 24
C5 C6
fourth - - - fourth E 8 16
roof - - - roof - - -


footing D 6 20 footing B 10 24
basement D 6 20 basementB 10 24
ground D 6 20 ground C 8 24
first D 6 20 first C 8 24
C7 C8
second E 8 16 second C 8 24
roof E 8 16 roof - - -

footing A 8 24 footing B 10 24
basement A 8 24 basementC 8 24
ground C 8 24 ground C 8 24
C9 C10
roof - - - roof - - -
CATEGORY 11 Lay out

section no dia ID
footing A 8 24
basement C 8 24
ground C 8 24
first C 8 24
C11
second C 8 24
third E 8 16
fourth E 8 16
roof - - -
Table 7-6 column category

After categorizing the column based on dimension and load the rest of columns are
designed using excel template.

Section A-A (Loads <2500KN)

X- Direction
Top L. Top r. Bot L. Bot R. Top

Beam Beam Beam Beam Column Column Bot. Column
b 300 300 300 300 500 500 500
h 400 400 350 350 400 400 400
L 5000 6000 5000 6000 3200 3000 2500
I 1.6E+09 1.6E+09 1.07E+09 1.1E+09 2.7E+09 2666666667 2666666667
K 320000 266667 214375 178646 833333 888888.8889 1066666.67
ac1 2.94
ac2 1.00
Y- Direction
Check for slenderness of the column
top L. top r. L. bot. r. bot. top
beam beam Beam Beam column column bot. Column  Le/i
b 300 0 300 0 400 400 400 i= sqrt(I/A)
h 400 0 350 0 500 500 500 d= P/fcdAc
L 6500 5000 6500 6000 3200 3000 2500
I 1.6E+09 0 1.07E+09 0 4.2E+09 4166666667 4166666667 i= 115.47
K 246154 0 164903.8 0 1302083 1388888.889 1666666.67
ac1 10.93  50.26
ac2 1.00 d= 1.082480141
Consider second order effect
direction column ac1 ac2 acmin L Le=L[1+0.15(ac1+ac2) Le=1.15Le
Thelarger of
X 2.94 1.00 1.00 3 4.69 3.45 15/sqr/( d) 14.42 the two
Y 10.93 1.00 1.00 3 5.80 3.45 25.00
direction column Mu(KN-m) Nu(KN) Le Eo Ei E2 Etot Md(KN-M)

X -5.90 0 4.69 -0.024 0.02 0.03 0.02 55.80 55.80
Y 139.46 2452.9 5.80 0.033 0.02 0.05 0.10 253.15 253.15
2452.9
columnMx(KN-M)My(KN-M) N(KN) mx my n w As(mm2) No of bars provided

55.800 253.154 2452.900 0.04 0.24 0.933 0.43 3282.10 diameter No.
20 11 OR
x y 24 8
eo= -0.036 0.033 Mx My
eo= -0.024 0.023 smaller Larger smaller Larger
eo1= -0.002 -0.004 -5.898 -144.954 -8.75 139.458
eo2= -0.059 0.057
0.4 0.38
0.933 0.43
0.6 0.40

Section A-A (Loads >2500KN)

X- Direction
Top L. Top r. Bot L. Bot R. Top Bot.

Beam Beam Beam Beam Column Column Column
b 300 300 300 300 500 500 0
h 400 400 400 350 400 400 0
L 6000 6000 6000 6000 3000 2500 2000
I 1.6E+09 1.6E+09 1.6E+09 1.07E+09 2.67E+09 2666666667 0
K 266666.7 266666.7 266666.7 178645.8 888888.9 1066666.667 0
ac1 3.67
ac2 1.00
Y- Direction
top L. top r. L. bot. r. bot. top bot.
beam beam Beam Beam column column Column  Le/i
b 300 300 300 300 500 400 0 i= sqrt(I/A)
h 400 400 350 350 400 500 0 d= P/fcdAc
L 5000 6500 5000 6500 3000 2500 2000
I 1.6E+09 1.6E+09 1.07E+09 1.07E+09 2.67E+09 4166666667 0 i= 115.47
K 320000 246153.8 214375 164903.8 888888.9 1666666.667 0
ac1 4.51  36.40
ac2 1.00 d= 1.774417
X 3.67 1.00 1.00 2.5 4.06 2.88 15/sqr/( d) 11.26 The larger of the two
Y 4.51 1.00 1.00 2.5 4.20 2.88 25.00

X 153.88 0 4.06 0.028 0.02 0.02 0.07 272.77 272.77
Y -42.65 4020.83 4.20 -0.011 0.02 0.03 0.03 140.71 140.71
4020.83
column Mx(KN-M) My(KN-M) N(KN) mx my n w As(mm2) No of bars provided

272.766 140.708 4020.830 0.21 0.13 1.530 0.49 3733.96 diameter No.
20 12 OR
x y 24 9
eo= 0.028 -0.021 Mx My
eo= 0.015 -0.011 smaller Larger smaller Larger
eo1= 0.013 -0.011 51.562 153.878 -42.65 -115.592
eo2= 0.038 -0.029
0.4 0.38
1.530 0.49
0.6 0.40

CHAPTER EIGHT
8 Design of shear wall
The shear wall acts as vertical cantilever beam fixed at their base carry earthquake
transfer to foundation and in providing lateral support is subjected to both bending and
shear forces.
It is necessary to provide both lateral horizontal and vertical shear reinforcing for shear
walls.
From Dan Techno craft Technical specification, standards lift shaft and car sizes for
center opening electrical traction.
We have selected:-
-capacity of lift = 480 kg
-number of person to accommodate =6
-shaft width= 1700mm
-shaft depth=1700mm
-car width = 1050mm
-clear opening 800x2000
-pit depth =1500mm
Overhead height =3600
Determination lateral and vertical load
Lateral load Determination
Earthquake govern the lateral load for frame system so,
Base shear Determination
fb = Sd (T1) W
where:-
fb = base shear

W= Total weight of the shear wall
Sd (T1) = ordinate of design spectrum at period T1 which is govern by
Sd (T1) = αβ
α = ratio of the design bed rock acceleration to the acceleration of gravity, which is
given by
α = αo I
where :-
αo = the bed rock acceleration ratio for the site and the seismic zone.
αo = 0.1 for zone 4 EBCS-8 , 1995, Table 1.1
I = important factor of the structure.
I = 1.2 ( Building whose seismic resistance is of importance in view of consequence

associated with a collapse ) EBCS -8, 1995, Table 2.4
α = 0.1 * 1.2 = 0.12
β = is the design response factor for the site and is given by
β= 2.5
⁄
where
S = site coefficient of soil characteristics
S =1.2 ( for sub soil class B ) EBCS – 8 ,1995 , Table 1.2
T1 = the fundamental period of vibration of the structure (in second ) for translational
motion in the direction of motion.
For building with height up to 80m the value of T 1 is
T1 =C1H3/4 ………….. Eq (2.3 ) EBCS -8 ,1995
Where
T1 = fundamental period of building

H = Height of building above the base in meter
C1 = the value of C1 for structure with concrete or Masonry shear wall

may be
taken as
C1 = 0.075/√
Ac =
Where
Ac = combined effective area of the shear wall in the first story of building in m2
Ai = cross – sectional area of the shear wall i in the first story of the building.
Lwi = length of the shear wall i in the first story in the direction parallel to applied
forces
Lwi/H shall not exceed 0.9
H = height of the shear wall =22m
Lwi/H =2.1/22= 0.09<0.9 . . . ok
 When the lateral force acting in the y-axis

A1= 0.15 *2.1 =0.315m2
A2= 0.15 *1.2= 0.18m2

Ac =
Ac= 0.107m2
C1 = 0.075/√ = 0.23
T1 = 0.23 *223/4 =2.34
β= = 0.817 <25
⁄
 When the lateral force acting in the x- axis
A1 =A2 = 0.15 * 2.1 = 0.315m2
Ac =
Ac= 0.132
C1 = 0.075/√ = 0.206
T1 = 0.206 *223/4 = 2.093
β= = 0.88 ≤ 2.5
⁄
Hence we take maximum β value = 0.88
= is the behavioural factor to account for energy dissipation capacity.
= KD KR Kw 0.7
Where
= basic type of behavior factor, dependent on the structural type ( EBCS -8

,1995 Table 3.2)
= 0.3 ( for core system )
KD = factor reflecting the ductility class
KD = 2 for lower ductility class ….Eq ( 3.3) EBCS -8 ,1995
KR = reflecting the regularity in elevation

KR = 1 for regular structure .. . . . .Eq ( 3.4) EBCS-8,1995
Kw = factor reflecting the prevailing failure mode in the structures system.
Kw = 1.5 for core system
= 0.3 * 2 *1*1.5 = 0.9 0.7
So, we take = 0.7
Therefore , Sd (T1 = αβ = 0.12 *0.88 * 0.7 = 0.074
a) Distribution of horizontal seismic forces
W= seismic DL , obtained as the total permanent load plus 25% of the floor live load. (
by considering the elevator car as a storage occupancies to account the 25% allowance
for live load )
Ft = for T < 0.7
{ 0.07T1 fb 0.25 fb for T > 0.7
Ft = 0.07 * 2.1 * fb
Ft =0.147 fb
fb = Sd (T1) W
= 0.074 W
Level hi Wi Wihi fb – ft fi
Basement 2 54 108 41.25 0.51
Ground floor 5 81 405 41.25 1.91
First floor 8.2 86.4 708.5 41.25 3.33
Second floor 11.4 86.4 984.96 41.25 4.64
Third floor 14.6 86.4 1261.4 41.25 5.94
Fourth floor 17.8 86.4 1537.9 41.25 7.24

Roof 21 86.4 1814.4 41.25 8.54
Access 24 81 1944 41.25 9.15
Sum =648 = 8764.16
W= + 25 % LL
= 648 + ( 0.25 * 2.1* 2.1 * 5 )
= 653.5 KN
fb = 0.074*W = 0.074 *653.5 = 48.36 KN
ft = 0.147 fb
ft = 7.11 KN
fi = ( ) Wi hi
8.1 Determination of vertical load
a. Cross beam design

One element of cross beam design
Assume b= 200mm , D= 250mm
ɸlong = 14 mm , ɸtransv =8mm
8.1.1 Depth determination
Minimum depth for deflection

d ≥ [0.4 +0.6*fyk/400] * Le/βa
Le = 2100mm, βa =20 . . . for simply supported beam.
d = 89.25mm
D = 89.25 +ɸ/2 +stirrups +concrete cover
D =124.25mm < 250mm (assumed) . . . ok ,
d= 207mm

8.1.2 Load calculation
Dead load (distributed load)
Self- weight = 0.2 *0.25 *24KN/m3 = 1.2KN/m2
Point load (PL)
From self- weight of elevated car = 2 * 480kg *10m/s2 =9.6KN
Total DL =1.2KN/m
Total PL =9.6KN
Design load
Pd (DL) =1.3*1.2KN/m = 1.56KN/m
Pd (PL) = 1.3 *9.6KN = 12.48 KN
I. Analysis
Md =Pd (DL) * L2 /8 + Pd (PL) *L/2
= 1.56 * 2.12/8 + 12.48 * 1.05

Md =13.96 KN.m
8.1.3 Check depth required for strength
d √
fcd =11.33mpa
fyd = 260.87mpa
m= =28.78
C1 = 2.5/m = 0.087
C2 = 0.32m2fcd =3003
b= * = * = 0.0243
max = 0.75 * b = 0.0182
d √
d 136
d = 207 mm 136 mm . . . ok
8.1.4 Area of Reinforcement
= [ √ ]
1 = 0.007
2= 0.08
min = = 0.002
min < 0.007 < max

As = *b *d = 0.007 * 200 *207 = 289.8mm2
If we use ɸ =14mm = 1.88 2
Spacing =200 – (2*25) – (2*6) – (2*14) = 110mm
Therefore, we use 2 ɸ14 c/c 100mm
8.2 Design for shear
Concrete shear capacity ( Vc )
Vc = 0.25 fctd k1k2 bw d
d = 207 mm
k1 = 1 + 50 2
= 1 + (50 *0.0182) =1.91 2
k2 = 1.6 – d 1
= 1.6 – 0.207 = 1.4 1
fctd = 0.21 * ( )2/3 = 1.03
1.5
Vc = 0.25 * 1.03 *1.91 *1.4 * 200 * 207 = 28.51 KN

Vd = ( 1.56 * 2.1)/2 + 12.48/2

Vd = 7.88 KN
VRd = diagonal compression capacity of concrete
VRd = 0.25 * fcd * b w * d
VRd = 117.26 KN
Vd < VRd . . . ok
Vs = Vd –Vc
Vs = ( remaining shear for stirrups ) Vd < Vc so, only minimum stirrups
provided
use = 6mm
Smax { }
Smax = 207mm
We use 6 c/c 200mm

8.2.1 Load transfer
The load from cross beam transfer to the shear wall

Total vertical loaded transferred at the top the wall = reaction from the beam
=7.88 KN
Total axial loading including self- weight at the bottom single wall
Nsd = 7.88 KN + 0.15m * 2.1m * 24m * 24KN/m3 = 189.32 KN

Figure 8.1 Axial, shear and BM dialgram
8.3 Design of shear wall (individual wall)
The maximum moment is Mmax = 2495.12 KN.M at the base

The axial load = Nsd = 189. 32
o d= 0.8L =0.8 * 2100 =1680mm . . ( EBCS-2 sec 6.2.1.2 a )

o
Maximum area of reinforcement = 0.04Ac = 0.04 *150 *2100 = 12600mm2
(EBCS-2 sec 7.2.5.5 )
o
Minimum area of reinforcement =0.004Ac =0.004 * 150 *2100 = 1260mm 2
(EBCS-2 sec 7.2.5.5 )
o Smax { }
Smax =300mm

8.3.1 Design the wall basement floor to ground floor
K-method
M = Mmax = 2495.12 KN.M
K= = = 5893.6kpa
Obtaining the limiting value of K for singly reinforced beam of C-25 & S-300 from
Table 2 Klim =3292kpa or alternatively from Table 6 as Klim =3300kpa since K >
Klim , compression reinforcement is required. Therefore must be designed as
doubly reinforced.
Assume ɸ =20 for compression section
d’ = 25 +20/2 = 35
= 35/1680 =0.021 but we use 0.05
Using Table 15 ESCP-1 , for = 0.05 , C-25 & S-300
P = 2.602 by interpolation
P’ = 1.042 by interpolation
 Tensile reinforcement
As = pbd/100 = 2.602 *150*1680/100 = 6557.04mm2
 Compression reinforcement
As = p’bd/100 =1.042 *150*1680 /100 = 2625.84mm2
So we don’t know which direction in compression or in tension therefore we take
maximum As ( tensile reinforcement ) to provide reinforcement in both direction
 As = 6557.04mm2
We use 20 ɸ 20

8.3.2 Design for shear
Shear wall are designed like a beam providing stirrups horizontal bars.
Concrete shear capacity ( Vc )
Vc = 0.25 fctd k1k2 bw d
d = 1680 mm
k1 = 1 + 50 2
= 1 + (50 *0.0182) =1.91 2
k2 = 1.6 – d 1
= 1.6 – 1.68 = -0.08 1 so, we take 1
fctd = 0.21 * ( )2/3 = 1.03
Vc = 0.25 * 1.03 *1.91 *1 * 150* 1680 = 123.94 KN
 Design of wall from basement to ground for shear

Vmax = Vd = 41.26 KN
Vs = Vd –Vc
Vs =( remaining shear for stirrups) Vd < Vc so, only minimum stirrups
provided
use =8 mm

Smax { }
Smax = 500mm
We use 8 c/c 500mm

CHAPTER NINE
9 FOUNDATION DESIGN


9.1 Design of Isolated Footing
An isolated footing is a footing that carries a single column. The function of an isolated
footing is to spread the column load laterally to the soil so that the stress intensity is
reduced to a value that the soil can safely carry.
The approximate contact pressure under a given symmetrical foundation can be obtained
from the flexural formula, provided that the considered load lies within the kern of the footing
( )
The thickness of a given footing that determined by checking the thickness needed for
punching shear criteria and wide beam shear criteria. The greater of the two governs
the depth of the footing.
Check for Punching Shear
( ̀ (̀ ))
√ ⁄ √ ⁄
fcd = 0.67fcu/𝛄c=11.16

Check for Wide Beam Shear
̀
( )
Design for flexure
̀
[ ]
From ETABS we found reaction at the base of the building used for foundation design
Then, we grouped the load in to 5 groups so we have 5 isolated footing .
footings Unf load Mx My No.

F1 2877.94 -2.743 -3.749 4
F2 2498.23 -2.837 6.615 4
F3 1883.02 -3.288 -1.85 6
F4 1466.04 -6.936 -8.501 5
F5 865.42 -8.439 6.572 4
Typical isolated footing design for category F1
Material data Soil data
c-25 qallowable=360Kpa
s-300Depth of footing = 2m

Analysis result
Q = 2877.94kN
Mx =-2.743KNm
My =-3.749 KN
1. Area proportioning
B=L=3.1m, D=0.7m
Column dimension=0.5m*0.4m
Cover page=50mm
Ø12,d=644mm
2. Load calculation
Total design load=Q+ own weight of footing + weight of soil above footing
Own weight of footing=1.3(3.1m*3.1*0.7*25kN/m3) = 218.6KN
The contact pressure at the 4-corners is:
( )
=0.001m

( )
3. Check depth for Punching Shear
The thickness of a given footing that determined by checking the thickness needed for
punching shear criteria and wide beam shear criteria. The greater of the two governs
the depth of the footing.
The critical section is at 1.5d (EBCS-2.1995, ARTICLE 4.7.6)
1.5d
1.5d 0.4 m
0.5 m
( ̀ (̀ ))
=344.4 KN⁄m2

….EBCS-2, 1995, article

4.7.6
√ ⁄ √ ⁄
:ρmin= 0.5/ =0.0017
U=2(0.4+3(0.64))+2(0.5+3(0.64))=
Vr= 1942KN > ….OK
4. Check for Wide Beam Shear
According to EBCS -2 1995 Article 4. 5.3 the shear force carried by the concrete
̀ ̀
( ) = ( )
= 753.75
> ….OK
5. Reinforcement
The critical section for moment is at the face of column (EBCS7,1995 SEC 6.5.1(1))
B
q' Engineering
Department Of Civil Mmax
B-b
2
̀
[ ]
̀
[ ]
√ = 19.4, ks =3.95 (EBCS2.1995,design table 1a)
(use 14 )
100mm
Use ɸ 14 c/c 100mm
So, As provided =1539.3mm2
6. Development length
lb needed = , fbd = 2 fctd = 2* 1.17 =2.34
lb = = 334.4mm
lb net = ≥ lb min
a =0.7 . . . for hook

Assuming straight anchorage
lb net = =324mm
lb min = { }
lb net > lmin
lb available = [ ] =[ ] = 1300mm longer column size
lb available = [ ] = 1250 mm shorter column size
lb available > lb net . . . . provided straight anchorage
9.2 Combined Footing Design
KNm
1. Area Proportioning

⁄ ⁄
⁄ ⁄ ⁄
⁄ ⁄
⁄ ⁄ ⁄
2. Determine B.M.D and S.F.D

Depth for flexure
√ ( )
Check ‘d’ for diagonal tension (wide beam shear)
Applied shear from singularity triangle
⁄ ⁄
3. Check adequacy of depth for punching shear
Acting shear will be

( )
Reinforcement
For longer direction
Top Bar

√ √
3.99
3.99*124.46/.48=1034.5mm2
Use 10Ø12 c/c 100mm
Bottom Bar
M=79.7KNm
Km=18.6
Ks=3.95
As=656.19mm2
Asmin=816mm2
Use 8Ø12 c/c 130mm
For shorter direction
For
⁄ ⁄ ⁄

⁄ ⁄
√ =15.6
3.95
Amin = 816mm2
Use 8Ø12 c/c 130mm
Anchorage Length
⁄ ⁄
Assuming straight anchorage a=1
=335*464.9/816=191.36mm <

lbavailable=(1.5-0.4/2-.5)=0.05mm<
For A2
⁄ ⁄( ⁄
)
⁄ =553.77*1(1.5-0.4)2/8=83.75kNm
√ =19
3.95
<Asmin
Use 8Ø12 c/c130mm
Anchorage Length
⁄ ⁄
lbavailable=(1.5-0.4/2-.5)=0.05mm<

9.3 Mat Foundation Design under shear wall
Representative Loading
Analysis
1) Total column load
Factored load from shear wall=189.6=94.5KN
S.F=1.3
unfactored load=72.69KN
Total column load=4(72.69KN) =290.76KN
2) Determine pressure on soil (q)
q= ⁄ ⁄ ⁄

Moment in X’ and Y’ direction
290.76X’=2.1(2*72.6)
X’=1.05m
290.76Y’=2.1(2*72.6)
Y’=1.05m
⁄ ⁄
⁄ ⁄
⁄ ⁄ ⁄
points x y q(KN/m2)
1 -1.05 1.35 45.79
2 -1.35 1.05 33.96
3 1.05 1.35 87.23
4 1.35 1.05 87.23
5 -1.35 -1.05 -7.5
6 -1.05 -1.35 -7.5
7 1.35 -1.05 45.79
8 1.05 -1.35 33.96
All q are less than allowable stress
Design

Design Load=94.8KN
Divide the mat into several stirrups in X & Y(all are the same with strip ABCD)
1) Total soil Reaction
⁄
2)Total column load on strip
Soil reaction is less than the column load thus some adjustment is needed
Average load
⁄ ⁄
Factor F
⁄ ⁄
Apply column load with factor
Average soil reaction

⁄ ⁄
67.44 KN 67.44 KN
q=49.95 KN/m
67.44 KN
3.5 KN.m 3.5 KN.m
Mmax = 22.3 KN.m
48.7 KN
18.7 KN
18.7 KN
48.7 KN
Shear force & bending moment diagram

Depth for flexure
√( )
Check adequacy of‘d’ for punching shear

Column dimention = 0.5m*0.4m
Acting shear from similarity of triangle
⁄ ⁄
Check for wide beam shear
=0.25*11.16mpa*1.5m*0.29m=1213.65KN
Acting shear from similarity of triangles
Vd/51.19=1-d/.29
Vd=125.4Kn

Vrd > vd…..ok!
Reinforcement design
Reinforcement on longer side (for all strips both direction)
Top Bar
3.95
ks*M/d=3.95*3.5kNm/.29m
As=47.65mm2
Asmin=ρmin*b*d=0.0017*1500m*290m=739.5mm2
Use7 Ø12 c/c 150mm
Bottom Bar
M= 22.3KNm (+ve)
3.95
As=220.6mm2< Asmin
Use 7Ø12 c/c 150mm
Anchorage Length
⁄ ⁄
lbavailable=(1.5-0.4/2-.5)=0.05mm<
The remaining footings are designed using Excel template

Design of Isolated Footing, F-2
Fck 25 Fcd 11.33 fctd 1.20

Fyk 300 Fyd 260.87
qall (kPa)= 360.00

Column Section b (m) h (m)
0.4 0.5
Loading : Nunfactored, kN Mux Muy

3044.51 0.40 6.62
Nfactored, kN Mux Muy

2498.00 0.40 6.62
Design of Footing under Column 1;
Nunfactored = 3044.51 Area required Nunfactored /qall = 8.46

s corner 1= 339.84 Width provided L1 = 3.00
s corner 2= 336.90 Area provided A (m2) = 9.00
s corner 3= 339.66 Area provided is OK!
s corner 4= 336.72
s (avg.)= 338.28
--> Check for punching resistance, = 0.25 * fctd * k1 * k2 * bw * d, depth D (mm) = 650
d= 594
k1 = 1 + 50*  = 1.131
k2 = 1.6 - d = 1.006
bw = (b1+3*d)*2 + (h1 + 3*d)*2 = 8.928
Punching Resistance (kPa)= 1806.232
Vacting =P1 - s , available * (b1 + 3*d)*(h1 + 3*d) = 1115.961

Punching Res. > Vacting…the depth is OK! For punching.
--> Check for wide beam shear resistance, = 0.25 * fctd * k1 * k2 * bw * d,

depth D (mm) = 650
d (mm) = 594
k1 = 1 + 50*  = 1.131
k2 = 1.6 - d = 1.006
bw = 3.00
Shear resistance (kPa)= 606.9329
Vacting = s , available * (bw/2 - a/2 - d)*bw= 587.8627

…the depth is OK! For wide beam shear Resistance.
Moment at the bottom, M = 234.5344

= 0.0026
Area of required reinforcement (mm2) = 1560.747

= 14
c/c spacing of bars = 90 USE Ø 14 c/c 90

The remaining footing design is attached in the annex

ANNEX
Weight of structure
First Floor
Column
C1 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C2 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C3 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C4 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C5 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C6 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C7 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C8 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C9 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C10 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C11 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C12 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C13 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C14 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C15 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C16 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C17 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C18 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C19 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C20 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C21 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C22 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C23 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C24 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C25 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C26 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C27 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C28 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
sum 503.808

First Floor Beam

Axis
A 24 40 0.3 0.4 0.12 4.8 115.2
B 24 40 0.3 0.4 0.12 4.8 115.2
C 24 40 0.3 0.4 0.12 4.8 115.2
c' 24 6 0.3 0.4 0.12 0.72 17.28
1 24 11.5 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.38 33.12
2 24 11.5 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.38 33.12
3 24 11.5 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.38 33.12
4 24 11.5 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.38 33.12
5 24 11.5 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.38 33.12
6 24 11.5 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.38 33.12
7 24 13.6 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.632 39.168
8 24 13.6 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.632 39.168
sum 639.936
partition wall
GP1 Floor Area 460
Partition load 1.5KN/m2 690
sum 690
First Floor Slab
P1 24 0.16 5.15 6.6 33.99 5.4384 130.5216
P2 24 0.16 6 6.6 39.6 6.336 152.064
P3 24 0.16 6 6.6 39.6 6.336 152.064
P4 24 0.16 3.63 6 21.78 3.4848 83.6352
P5 24 0.16 6 6.6 39.6 6.336 152.064
P6 24 0.16 6 6.6 39.6 6.336 152.064
P7 24 0.16 5.15 6.6 33.99 5.4384 130.5216
P8 24 0.16 5.15 5.2 26.78 4.2848 102.8352
P9 24 0.16 5.2 6 31.2 4.992 119.808
P10 24 0.16 5.2 6 31.2 4.992 119.808
P11 24 0.16 5.2 6 31.2 4.992 119.808
P12 24 0.16 5.2 6 31.2 4.992 119.808
P13 24 0.16 5.2 6 31.2 4.992 119.808
P14 24 0.16 5.15 5.2 26.78 4.2848 102.8352
Sum 1757.6448
Shear wall
sw1 24 3.2 0.15 0.25 0.0375 0.12 2.88
sw2 24 3.2 0.15 2 0.3 0.96 23.04
sw3 24 3.2 0.15 2.1 0.315 1.008 24.192
sw4 24 3.2 0.15 2.15 0.3225 1.032 24.768
sw5 24 3.2 0.15 0.65 0.0975 0.312 7.488
sum 82.368

Stair case
Flight 1 24 0.13 1.5 2.15 3.225 0.41925 10.062
Flight 2 24 0.2 1.5 2.1 3.15 0.63 15.12
Flight 3 24 0.21 1.5 2 3 0.63 15.12
Landing 1 24 0.2 1.4 1.6 2.24 0.448 10.752
Landing 2 24 0.21 1.5 1.56 2.34 0.4914 11.7936
sum 62.8476
Wall
W1 14 3.2 0.2 6 1.2 3.84 53.76
W2 14 3.2 0.15 6 0.9 2.88 40.32
W3 14 3.2 0.2 4.6 0.92 2.944 41.216
W4 14 3.2 0.2 4.6 0.92 2.944 41.216
W5 14 3.2 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.584 50.176
W8 14 3.2 0.15 6 0.9 2.88 40.32
W10 14 3.2 0.2 1.7 0.34 1.088 15.232
W11 14 3.2 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.584 50.176
W12 14 3.2 0.2 1.7 0.34 1.088 15.232
W13 14 3.2 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.584 50.176
W15 14 3.2 0.15 6 0.9 2.88 40.32
W16 14 3.2 0.15 6 0.9 2.88 40.32
W20 14 3.2 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.584 50.176
W21 14 3.2 0.2 6 1.2 3.84 53.76
W22 14 3.2 0.2 6 1.2 3.84 53.76
W24 14 3.2 0.2 2.3 0.46 1.472 20.608
W25 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W26 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W27 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W28 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W29 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W30 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W31 14 3.2 0.2 4.5 0.9 2.88 40.32
sum 789.824
total weight of First Floor 4526.4284

Second Floor
Column
C1 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C2 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C3 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C4 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C5 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C6 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C7 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C8 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C9 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C10 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C11 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C12 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C13 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C14 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C15 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C16 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C17 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C18 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C19 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C20 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C21 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C22 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C23 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C24 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C25 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C26 24 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.768 18.432
C27 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C28 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
sum 503.808

Second Floor Beam

Axis
A 24 40 0.3 0.4 0.12 4.8 115.2
B 24 40 0.3 0.4 0.12 4.8 115.2
C 24 40 0.3 0.4 0.12 4.8 115.2
c' 24 6 0.3 0.4 0.12 0.72 17.28
1 24 11.5 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.38 33.12
8 24 11.5 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.38 33.12
2 24 15.8 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.896 45.504
3 24 15.8 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.896 45.504
6 24 15.8 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.896 45.504
7 24 15.8 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.896 45.504
4 24 16.05 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.926 46.224
5 24 16.05 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.926 46.224
sum 703.584
partition wall
SP1 Floor Area 589
sum 883.5
Second Floor Slab
P1 24 0.17 5.15 6.6 33.99 5.7783 138.6792
P2 24 0.17 6 6.6 39.6 6.732 161.568
P3 24 0.17 6 6.6 39.6 6.732 161.568
P4 24 0.17 3.63 6 21.78 3.7026 88.8624
P5 24 0.17 6 6.6 39.6 6.732 161.568
P6 24 0.17 6 6.6 39.6 6.732 161.568
P7 24 0.17 5.15 6.6 33.99 5.7783 138.6792
P8 24 0.17 5.15 5.2 26.78 4.5526 109.2624
P9 24 0.17 5.2 6 31.2 5.304 127.296
P10 24 0.17 5.2 6 31.2 5.304 127.296
P11 24 0.17 5.2 6 31.2 5.304 127.296
P12 24 0.17 5.2 6 31.2 5.304 127.296
P13 24 0.17 5.2 6 31.2 5.304 127.296
P14 24 0.17 5.15 5.2 26.78 4.5526 109.2624
Sum 1867.4976
Shear wall
sw1 24 3.2 0.15 0.25 0.0375 0.12 2.88
sw2 24 3.2 0.15 2 0.3 0.96 23.04
sw3 24 3.2 0.15 2.1 0.315 1.008 24.192
sw4 24 3.2 0.15 2.15 0.3225 1.032 24.768
sw5 24 3.2 0.15 0.65 0.0975 0.312 7.488
sum 82.368

Stair case
Flight 1 24 0.13 1.5 2.15 3.225 0.41925 10.062
Flight 2 24 0.2 1.5 2.1 3.15 0.63 15.12
Flight 3 24 0.21 1.5 2 3 0.63 15.12
Landing 1 24 0.2 1.4 1.6 2.24 0.448 10.752
Landing 2 24 0.21 1.5 1.56 2.34 0.4914 11.7936
sum 62.8476
Wall
W1 14 3.2 0.2 6 1.2 3.84 53.76
W2 14 3.2 0.15 6 0.9 2.88 40.32
W3 14 3.2 0.2 4.6 0.92 2.944 41.216
W4 14 3.2 0.2 4.6 0.92 2.944 41.216
W5 14 3.2 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.584 50.176
W8 14 3.2 0.15 6 0.9 2.88 40.32
W10 14 3.2 0.2 1.7 0.34 1.088 15.232
W11 14 3.2 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.584 50.176
W12 14 3.2 0.2 1.7 0.34 1.088 15.232
W13 14 3.2 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.584 50.176
W15 14 3.2 0.15 6 0.9 2.88 40.32
W16 14 3.2 0.15 6 0.9 2.88 40.32
W20 14 3.2 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.584 50.176
W21 14 3.2 0.2 6 1.2 3.84 53.76
W22 14 3.2 0.2 6 1.2 3.84 53.76
W24 14 3.2 0.2 2.3 0.46 1.472 20.608
W25 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W26 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W27 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W28 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W29 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W30 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W31 14 3.2 0.2 4.5 0.9 2.88 40.32
sum 789.824
total weight of Second floor 4893.4292

Third Floor
Column
C1 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C2 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C3 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C4 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C5 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C6 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C7 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C8 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C9 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C10 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C11 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C12 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C13 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C14 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C15 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C16 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C17 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C18 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C19 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C20 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C21 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C22 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C23 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C24 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C25 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C26 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C27 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C28 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
sum 430.08
Third Floor Beam
Axis
A 24 40 0.4 0.4 0.16 6.4 153.6
B 24 40 0.4 0.4 0.16 6.4 153.6
C 24 40 0.4 0.4 0.16 6.4 153.6
c' 24 6 0.4 0.4 0.16 0.96 23.04
1 24 11.5 0.4 0.4 0.16 1.84 44.16
8 24 11.5 0.4 0.4 0.16 1.84 44.16
2 24 15.8 0.4 0.4 0.16 2.528 60.672
3 24 15.8 0.4 0.4 0.16 2.528 60.672
6 24 15.8 0.4 0.4 0.16 2.528 60.672
7 24 15.8 0.4 0.4 0.16 2.528 60.672
4 24 16.05 0.4 0.4 0.16 2.568 61.632
5 24 16.05 0.4 0.4 0.16 2.568 61.632
sum 938.112

partition wall
TP1 Floor Area 589
sum 883.5
Third Floor Slab
P1 24 0.17 5.15 6.6 33.99 5.7783 138.6792
P2 24 0.17 6 6.6 39.6 6.732 161.568
P3 24 0.17 6 6.6 39.6 6.732 161.568
P4 24 0.17 3.63 6 21.78 3.7026 88.8624
P5 24 0.17 6 6.6 39.6 6.732 161.568
P6 24 0.17 6 6.6 39.6 6.732 161.568
P7 24 0.17 5.15 6.6 33.99 5.7783 138.6792
P8 24 0.17 5.15 5.2 26.78 4.5526 109.2624
P9 24 0.17 5.2 6 31.2 5.304 127.296
P10 24 0.17 5.2 6 31.2 5.304 127.296
P11 24 0.17 5.2 6 31.2 5.304 127.296
P12 24 0.17 5.2 6 31.2 5.304 127.296
P13 24 0.17 5.2 6 31.2 5.304 127.296
P14 24 0.17 5.15 5.2 26.78 4.5526 109.2624
Sum 1867.4976
Shear wall
sw1 24 3.2 0.15 0.25 0.0375 0.12 2.88
sw2 24 3.2 0.15 2 0.3 0.96 23.04
sw3 24 3.2 0.15 2.1 0.315 1.008 24.192
sw4 24 3.2 0.15 2.15 0.3225 1.032 24.768
sw5 24 3.2 0.15 0.65 0.0975 0.312 7.488
sum 82.368
Stair case
Flight 1 24 0.13 1.5 2.15 3.225 0.41925 10.062
Flight 2 24 0.2 1.5 2.1 3.15 0.63 15.12
Flight 3 24 0.21 1.5 2 3 0.63 15.12
Landing 1 24 0.2 1.4 1.6 2.24 0.448 10.752
Landing 2 24 0.21 1.5 1.56 2.34 0.4914 11.7936
sum 62.8476

Wall
W1 14 3.2 0.2 6 1.2 3.84 53.76
W2 14 3.2 0.15 6 0.9 2.88 40.32
W3 14 3.2 0.2 4.6 0.92 2.944 41.216
W4 14 3.2 0.2 4.6 0.92 2.944 41.216
W5 14 3.2 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.584 50.176
W8 14 3.2 0.15 6 0.9 2.88 40.32
W10 14 3.2 0.2 1.7 0.34 1.088 15.232
W11 14 3.2 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.584 50.176
W12 14 3.2 0.2 1.7 0.34 1.088 15.232
W13 14 3.2 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.584 50.176
W15 14 3.2 0.15 6 0.9 2.88 40.32
W16 14 3.2 0.15 6 0.9 2.88 40.32
W20 14 3.2 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.584 50.176
W21 14 3.2 0.2 6 1.2 3.84 53.76
W22 14 3.2 0.2 6 1.2 3.84 53.76
W24 14 3.2 0.2 2.3 0.46 1.472 20.608
W25 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W26 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W27 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W28 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W29 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W30 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W31 14 3.2 0.2 4.5 0.9 2.88 40.32
sum 789.824
5054.2292

Fourth Floor
Column
C1 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C2 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C3 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C4 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C5 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C6 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C7 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C8 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C9 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C10 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C11 24 3.2 0.3 0.4 0.12 0.384 9.216
C12 24 3.2 0.3 0.4 0.12 0.384 9.216
C13 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C14 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C15 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C16 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C17 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C18 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C19 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C20 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C21 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C22 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C23 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C24 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C25 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
C26 24 3.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.64 15.36
sum 387.072
Fourth Floor Beam
Axis
A 24 40 0.3 0.4 0.12 4.8 115.2
B 24 40 0.3 0.4 0.12 4.8 115.2
C 24 40 0.3 0.4 0.12 4.8 115.2
c' 24 6 0.3 0.4 0.12 0.72 17.28
1 24 11.5 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.38 33.12
8 24 11.5 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.38 33.12
2 24 15.8 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.896 45.504
3 24 15.8 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.896 45.504
6 24 15.8 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.896 45.504
7 24 15.8 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.896 45.504
4 24 16.05 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.926 46.224
5 24 16.05 0.3 0.4 0.12 1.926 46.224
sum 703.584

partition wall
TP1 Floor Area 589
sum 883.5
Fourth Floor Slab
P1 24 0.17 5.15 6.6 33.99 5.7783 138.6792
P2 24 0.17 6 6.6 39.6 6.732 161.568
P3 24 0.17 6 6.6 39.6 6.732 161.568
P4 24 0.17 3.63 6 21.78 3.7026 88.8624
P5 24 0.17 6 6.6 39.6 6.732 161.568
P6 24 0.17 6 6.6 39.6 6.732 161.568
P7 24 0.17 5.15 6.6 33.99 5.7783 138.6792
P8 24 0.17 5.15 5.2 26.78 4.5526 109.2624
P9 24 0.17 5.2 6 31.2 5.304 127.296
P10 24 0.17 5.2 6 31.2 5.304 127.296
P11 24 0.17 5.2 6 31.2 5.304 127.296
P12 24 0.17 5.2 6 31.2 5.304 127.296
P13 24 0.17 5.2 6 31.2 5.304 127.296
P14 24 0.17 5.15 5.2 26.78 4.5526 109.2624
Sum 1867.4976
Shear wall
sw1 24 3.2 0.15 0.25 0.0375 0.12 2.88
sw2 24 3.2 0.15 2 0.3 0.96 23.04
sw3 24 3.2 0.15 2.1 0.315 1.008 24.192
sw4 24 3.2 0.15 2.15 0.3225 1.032 24.768
sw5 24 3.2 0.15 0.65 0.0975 0.312 7.488
sum 82.368
Stair case
Flight 1 24 0.13 1.5 2.15 3.225 0.41925 10.062
Flight 2 24 0.2 1.5 2.1 3.15 0.63 15.12
Flight 3 24 0.21 1.5 2 3 0.63 15.12
Landing 1 24 0.2 1.4 1.6 2.24 0.448 10.752
Landing 2 24 0.21 1.5 1.56 2.34 0.4914 11.7936
sum 62.8476

Wall
W1 14 3.2 0.2 6 1.2 3.84 53.76
W2 14 3.2 0.15 6 0.9 2.88 40.32
W3 14 3.2 0.2 4.6 0.92 2.944 41.216
W4 14 3.2 0.2 4.6 0.92 2.944 41.216
W5 14 3.2 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.584 50.176
W8 14 3.2 0.15 6 0.9 2.88 40.32
W10 14 3.2 0.2 1.7 0.34 1.088 15.232
W11 14 3.2 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.584 50.176
W12 14 3.2 0.2 1.7 0.34 1.088 15.232
W13 14 3.2 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.584 50.176
W15 14 3.2 0.15 6 0.9 2.88 40.32
W16 14 3.2 0.15 6 0.9 2.88 40.32
W20 14 3.2 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.584 50.176
W21 14 3.2 0.2 6 1.2 3.84 53.76
W22 14 3.2 0.2 6 1.2 3.84 53.76
W24 14 3.2 0.2 2.3 0.46 1.472 20.608
W25 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W26 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W27 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W28 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W29 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W30 14 3.2 0.15 2.3 0.345 1.104 15.456
W31 14 3.2 0.2 4.5 0.9 2.88 40.32
sum 789.824
4776.6932
Access Room and Roof

Column
C1 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C2 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C3 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C4 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C5 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C6 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C7 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C8 24 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.62 14.88
C1 24 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.32 7.68
C2 24 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.32 7.68
C3 24 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.32 7.68
C4 24 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.32 7.68
C5 24 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.32 7.68
C6 24 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.32 7.68
C7 24 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.32 7.68
C8 24 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.32 7.68
C9 24 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.32 7.68
C10 24 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.32 7.68
C11 24 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.32 7.68

C12 24 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.32 7.68
C13 24 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.32 7.68
C14 24 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.32 7.68
C15 24 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.32 7.68
C16 24 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.32 7.68
C17 24 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.32 7.68
C18 24 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.32 7.68
sum 257.28
Top tie beam
TTB1 24 5 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.525 12.6
TTB2 24 6 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.63 15.12
TTB3 24 6 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.63 15.12
TTB4 24 2.4 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.252 6.048
TTB5 24 6 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.63 15.12
TTB6 24 2.4 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.252 6.048
TTB7 24 2.88 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.3024 7.2576
TTB8 24 2.88 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.3024 7.2576
TTB9 24 6 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.63 15.12
TTB10 24 3.65 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.38325 9.198
TTB11 24 3.65 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.38325 9.198
TTB12 24 6 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.63 15.12
TTB13 24 6 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.63 15.12
TTB14 24 5 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.525 12.6
TTB15 24 6.5 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.6825 16.38
TTB16 24 6.5 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.6825 16.38
TTB17 24 6.5 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.6825 16.38
TTB18 24 6.5 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.6825 16.38
TTB19 24 5 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.525 12.6
TTB20 24 5 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.525 12.6
TTB21 24 5 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.525 12.6
TTB22 24 5 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.525 12.6
TTB23 24 5 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.525 12.6
TTB24 24 5 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.525 12.6
TTB25 24 5 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.525 12.6
TTB26 24 6 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.63 15.12
TTB27 24 6 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.63 15.12
TTB28 24 6 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.63 15.12
TTB29 24 6 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.63 15.12
TTB30 24 6 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.63 15.12
TTB31 24 5 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.525 12.6
TTB32 24 5 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.525 12.6
TTB33 24 6 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.63 15.12
TTB34 24 6 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.63 15.12
TTB35 24 6 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.63 15.12
Adama Science &Technology University (ASTU) sum 460.807213
Access room slab

P1 24 0.15 6.3 8.66 54.558 8.1837 196.4088
wall
w1 14 3 0.2 8.1 1.62 4.86 68.04
w2 14 3 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.36 47.04
w3 14 3 0.2 8.1 1.62 4.86 68.04
w4 14 3 0.2 5.6 1.12 3.36 47.04
sum 230.16
Total weight of access room and roof 1144.656

slab roof
column
C1 24 1.5 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 7.2
C2 24 1.5 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 7.2
C3 24 1.5 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 7.2
C4 24 1.5 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 7.2
C5 24 1.5 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 7.2
C6 24 1.5 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 7.2
sum 43.2
slab roof beam
TTB4 24 2.4 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.252 6.048
TTB5 24 6 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.63 15.12
TTB6 24 2.4 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.252 6.048
TTB7 24 2.88 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.3024 7.2576
TTB8 24 2.88 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.3024 7.2576
TTB9 24 6 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.63 15.12
TTB10 24 3.65 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.38325 9.198
TTB11 24 3.65 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.38325 9.198
TTB35 24 6 0.3 0.35 0.105 0.63 15.12
SUM 90.3672
SLAB ROOF
P1 24 0.15 6.3 8.66 54.558 8.1837 196.4088
Total weight of slab roof 329.976

Center of mass determination

Weight & Centroid of First Floor
Column
Length Thicknes Weigth Distance, Distance,
W*Xi W*Yi
Description (L) Width (D) s (H) (Wi) Xi Yi
FC1 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 0.2 11.85 3.6864 218.4192
FC2 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 5.2 11.85 95.8464 218.4192
FC3 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 11.2 11.85 206.4384 218.4192
FC4 3.2 0.5 0.4 15.36 17.2 11.85 264.192 182.016
FC5 3.2 0.5 0.4 15.36 23.2 13.95 13.95 214.272
FC6 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 35.5 0.25 654.336 4.608
FC7 3.2 0.5 0.4 18.432 40.2 0.25 740.9664 4.608
FC8 3.2 0.5 0.4 18.432 29 11.5 534.528 211.968
FC9 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 35.2 11.75 648.8064 216.576
FC10 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 40.2 11.85 740.9664 218.4192
FC11 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 0.2 5.3 3.6864 97.6896
FC12 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 5.2 5.25 95.8464 96.768
FC13 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 11.2 5.25 206.4384 96.768
FC14 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 17.2 5.25 317.0304 96.768
FC15 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 23.2 5.25 427.6224 96.768
FC16 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 29.2 5.25 538.2144 96.768
FC17 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 35.2 5.25 648.8064 96.768
FC18 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 40.2 5.3 740.9664 97.6896
FC19 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 0.2 0.25 3.6864 4.608
FC20 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 5.2 0.25 95.8464 4.608
FC21 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 11.5 0.25 211.968 4.608
FC22 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 17.2 0.25 317.0304 4.608
FC23 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 23.2 0.25 427.6224 4.608
FC24 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 29.2 0.25 538.2144 4.608
FC25 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 35.2 0.25 648.8064 4.608
FC26 3.2 0.6 0.4 18.432 40.2 0.25 740.9664 4.608
FC27 3.2 0.5 0.4 15.36 17.4185 8.86 267.5482 136.0896
FC28 3.2 0.5 0.4 15.36 23.0091 8.86 353.4198 136.0896
Total weight (KN)
503.808
Wi.Xi 10487.44
Wi.Yi 2792.755
First floor beam
A 40 0.3 0.4 115.2 20.2 0.2 2327.04 23.04
B 40 0.3 0.4 115.2 20.2 5.3 2327.04 610.56
B' 40 0.3 0.4 17.28 20.2 8.86 349.056 153.1008
C 35 0.3 0.4 115.2 20.2 11.9 2327.04 1370.88
c' 6 0.3 0.4 12.6 20.2 14 254.52 176.4
1 11.5 0.3 0.4 24.15 0.2 6.05 4.83 146.1075
2 11.5 0.3 0.4 24.15 5.2 6.05 125.58 146.1075
3 11.5 0.3 0.4 24.15 11.2 6.05 270.48 146.1075
4 11.5 0.3 0.4 24.15 29.2 5.85 705.18 141.2775
5 11.5 0.3 0.4 24.15 35.2 5.85 850.08 141.2775
6 11.5 0.3 0.4 24.15 40.2 6.05 970.83 146.1075
7 13.6 0.3 0.4 24.15 17.2 7.1 415.38 171.465
8 13.6 0.3 0.4 24.15 23.2 7.1 560.28 171.465
Wi.Xi 11487.34
Wi.Yi 3543.896

shear wall
sw1 3.2 0.15 0.15 2.88 18.97 11.45 54.6336 32.976
sw2 3.2 0.15 0.15 23.04 19.975 12.425 460.224 286.272
sw3 3.2 0.15 0.15 24.192 19.975 10.4751 483.2352 253.4136
sw4 3.2 0.15 0.15 24.768 20.975 12.225 519.5088 302.7888
sw5 3.2 0.15 0.15 7.488 20.975 10.8751 157.0608 81.43275
Total weight (KN)
82.368
Wi.Xi 1674.662
Wi.Yi 956.8832
partiotion load
GP1 1.5KN/m2 603.75 17.7 2.58 10686.38 1557.675
Total weight (KN)
603.75
Wi.Xi 10686.38
Wi.Yi 1557.675
Stair
Flight 1 2.15 1.5 0.13 10.062 19.9746 13.25 200.9844 133.3215
Flight 2 2.1 1.5 0.2 15.12 18.15 11.48 274.428 173.5776
Flight 3 2 1.5 0.21 15.12 19.84 9.65 299.9808 145.908
Landing 1 1.6 1.4 0.2 10.752 18.15 13.28 195.1488 142.7866
Landing 2 1.56 1.5 0.21 11.7936 18.12 9.65 213.7 113.8082
Total weight (KN)
62.8476
Wi.Xi 1184.242
Wi.Yi 709.4019
First Floor Slab
P1 6.65 5.13 0.16 130.5216 2.6358 8.6 344.0288 1122.486
P2 6.65 6 0.16 152.064 8.2 8.6 1246.925 1307.75
P3 6.65 6 0.16 152.064 14.2 8.6 2159.309 1307.75
P4 6 3.63 0.16 83.6352 20.1296 7.07 1683.543 591.3009
P5 6.65 6 0.16 152.064 26.1357 8.6 3974.299 1307.75
P6 6.65 6 0.16 152.064 32.3 8.6 4911.667 1307.75
P7 5.25 5.13 0.16 130.5216 2.6358 2.6257 344.0288 342.7106
P8 6 5.25 0.16 102.8352 8.2 2.6257 843.2486 270.0144
P9 6 5.25 0.16 119.808 14.2 2.6257 1701.274 314.5799
P10 6 5.25 0.16 119.808 20.2 2.6257 2420.122 314.5799
P11 6 5.25 0.16 119.808 26.2 2.6257 3138.97 314.5799
P12 6.15 5.25 0.16 119.808 32.2 2.6257 3857.818 314.5799
P13 6.65 5.13 0.16 119.808 37.78 8.625 4526.346 1033.344
P14 6.65 6 0.16 102.8352 37.7 2.8 3876.887 287.9386
Total weight 1757.645
(KN)
Wi.Xi 35028.46
Wi.Yi 10137.12
Wall
W1 3.2 6 0.2 53.76 0.221 8.5 11.88096 456.96
W2 3.2 6 0.15 40.32 5.22 8.5 210.4704 342.72
W3 3.2 4.6 0.2 41.216 2.7 11.7 111.2832 482.2272
W4 3.2 4.6 0.2 41.216 8.2 11.72 337.9712 483.0515
W5 3.2 5.6 0.2 50.176 14.22 11.7 713.5027 587.0592
W8 3.2 6 0.15 40.32 11.2 8.5 451.584 342.72
W10 3.2 1.7 0.2 15.232 17.22 12.85 262.295 195.7312
W11 3.2 5.6 0.2 50.176 20.12 13.9 1009.541 697.4464
W12 3.2 1.7 0.2 15.232 23.221 12.85 353.7023 195.7312
W13 3.2 5.6 0.2 50.176 26.185 11.75 1313.859 589.568
W15 3.2 6 0.15 40.32 17.22 8.5 694.3104 342.72
W16 3.2 6 0.15 40.32 23.22 8.5 936.2304 342.72
W20 3.2 5.6 0.2 50.176 32.2 11.75 1615.667 589.568

W21 3.2 6 0.2 53.76 35.2 8.5 1892.352 456.96

W22 3.2 6 0.2 53.76 40.2 8.5 2161.152 456.96
W24 3.2 2.3 0.2 20.608 0.22 3.73 4.53376 76.86784
W25 3.2 2.3 0.15 15.456 5.2 3.7 80.3712 57.1872
W26 3.2 2.3 0.15 15.456 11.2 3.7 173.1072 57.1872
W27 3.2 2.3 0.15 15.456 17.2 3.7 265.8432 57.1872
W28 3.2 2.3 0.15 15.456 23.2 3.7 358.5792 57.1872
W29 3.2 2.3 0.15 15.456 29.2 3.7 451.3152 57.1872
W30 3.2 2.3 0.15 15.456 35.2 3.7 544.0512 57.1872
W31 3.2 4.5 0.2 40.32 40.2 3.7 1620.864 149.184
Total weight (KN)
789.824
Wi.Xi 15574.47
Wi.Yi 7131.318
total weight 4266.862

Wi.Xi 86122.98
Wi.Yi 26829.04
center of mass
X(m) 20.18415
Y(m) 6.287769

Weight & Centroid of S econd Floor

Column
Descripti Length Width Thickness Weigth Distance Distance,
W*Xi W*Yi
on (L) (D) (H) (Wi) , Xi Yi
SC1 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 0.20 11.85 3.07 182.02
SC2 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 5.20 11.85 79.87 182.02
SC3 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 11.20 11.85 172.03 182.02
SC4 3.20 0.40 0.50 9.22 17.20 11.85 158.52 109.21
SC5 3.20 0.40 0.50 9.22 23.20 13.95 13.95 128.56
SC6 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 35.50 0.25 545.28 3.84
SC7 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 40.20 0.25 617.47 3.84
SC8 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 29.00 11.50 445.44 176.64
SC9 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 35.20 11.75 540.67 180.48
SC10 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 40.20 11.85 617.47 182.02
SC11 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 0.20 5.30 3.07 81.41
SC12 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 5.20 5.25 79.87 80.64
SC13 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 11.20 5.25 172.03 80.64
SC14 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 17.20 5.25 264.19 80.64
SC15 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 23.20 5.25 356.35 80.64
SC16 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 29.20 5.25 448.51 80.64
SC17 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 35.20 5.25 540.67 80.64
SC18 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 40.20 5.30 617.47 81.41
SC19 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 0.20 0.25 3.07 3.84
SC20 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 5.20 0.25 79.87 3.84
SC21 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 11.50 0.25 176.64 3.84
SC22 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 17.20 0.25 264.19 3.84
SC23 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 23.20 0.25 356.35 3.84
SC24 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 29.20 0.25 448.51 3.84
SC25 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 35.20 0.25 540.67 3.84
SC26 3.20 0.40 0.60 15.36 40.20 0.25 617.47 3.84
SC27 3.20 0.30 0.60 9.22 17.42 8.86 160.53 81.65
SC28 3.20 0.30 0.60 9.22 23.01 8.86 212.05 81.65
Total weight (KN)
405.50
Wi.Xi 8535.32
Wi.Yi 2171.32
second floor beam
A 40.00 0.30 0.40 115.20 20.20 0.20 2327.04 23.04
B 40.00 0.30 0.40 115.20 20.20 5.30 2327.04 610.56
B' 6.30 0.30 0.40 17.28 20.20 8.86 349.06 153.10
C 40.00 0.30 0.40 115.20 20.20 11.90 2327.04 1370.88
c' 6.00 0.30 0.40 17.28 20.20 14.00 349.06 241.92
1.00 11.50 0.30 0.40 33.12 0.20 6.05 6.62 200.38
2.00 15.80 0.30 0.40 33.12 5.20 6.05 172.22 200.38
3.00 15.80 0.30 0.40 45.50 11.20 6.05 509.64 275.30
4.00 16.05 0.30 0.40 45.50 29.20 5.85 1328.72 266.20
5.00 16.05 0.30 0.40 45.50 35.20 5.85 1601.74 266.20
6.00 15.80 0.30 0.40 24.15 40.20 6.05 970.83 146.11
7.00 15.80 0.30 0.40 24.15 17.20 7.10 415.38 171.47
8.00 11.50 0.30 0.40 24.15 23.20 7.10 560.28 171.47
Total weight (KN)
655.36
Wi.Xi 13244.67
Wi.Yi 4096.99

shear wall
sw1 3.2 0.15 0.15 2.88 18.97 11.45 54.6336 32.976
sw2 3.2 0.15 0.15 23.04 19.975 12.425 460.224 286.272
sw3 3.2 0.15 0.15 24.192 19.975 10.4751 483.2352 253.4136
sw4 3.2 0.15 0.15 24.768 20.975 12.225 519.5088 302.7888
sw5 3.2 0.15 0.15 7.488 20.975 10.8751 157.0608 81.43275
Total weight (KN)
82.368
Wi.Xi 1674.662
Wi.Yi 956.8832
partiotion load
GP1 1.5KN/m2 603.75 17.7 2.58 10686.38 1557.675
Total weight (KN)
603.75
Wi.Xi 10686.38
Wi.Yi 1557.675
Stair
Flight 1 2.15 1.5 0.13 10.062 19.9746 13.25 200.9844 133.3215
Flight 2 2.1 1.5 0.2 15.12 18.15 11.48 274.428 173.5776
Flight 3 2 1.5 0.21 15.12 19.84 9.65 299.9808 145.908
Landing 1 1.6 1.4 0.2 10.752 18.15 13.28 195.1488 142.7866
Landing 2 1.56 1.5 0.21 11.7936 18.12 9.65 213.7 113.8082
Total weight (KN)
62.8476
Wi.Xi 1184.242
Wi.Yi 709.4019
Second floor slab Floor Slab
P1 6.65 5.13 0.17 138.679 2.6358 8.6 365.5306 1192.641
P2 6.65 6 0.17 161.568 8.2 8.6 1324.858 1389.485
P3 6.65 6 0.17 161.568 14.2 8.6 2294.266 1389.485
P4 6 3.63 0.17 88.8624 20.1296 7.07 1788.765 628.2572
P5 6.65 6 0.17 161.568 26.1357 8.6 4222.693 1389.485
P6 6.65 6 0.17 161.568 32.3 8.6 5218.646 1389.485
P7 5.25 5.13 0.17 138.679 2.6358 2.6257 365.5306 364.13
P8 6 5.25 0.17 109.262 8.2 2.6257 895.9517 286.8903
P9 6 5.25 0.17 127.296 14.2 2.6257 1807.603 334.2411
P10 6 5.25 0.17 127.296 20.2 2.6257 2571.379 334.2411
P11 6 5.25 0.17 127.296 26.2 2.6257 3335.155 334.2411
P12 6.15 5.25 0.17 127.296 32.2 2.6257 4098.931 334.2411
P13 6.65 5.13 0.17 127.296 37.78 8.625 4809.243 1097.928
P14 6.65 6 0.17 109.262 37.7 2.8 4119.192 305.9347
Total weight (KN)
1867.5
Wi.Xi 37217.74
Wi.Yi 10770.68
Wall
W1 3.2 6 0.2 53.76 0.221 8.5 11.88096 456.96
W2 3.2 6 0.15 40.32 5.22 8.5 210.4704 342.72
W3 3.2 4.6 0.2 41.216 2.7 11.7 111.2832 482.2272
W4 3.2 4.6 0.2 41.216 8.2 11.72 337.9712 483.0515
W5 3.2 5.6 0.2 50.176 14.22 11.7 713.5027 587.0592
W8 3.2 6 0.15 40.32 11.2 8.5 451.584 342.72
W10 3.2 1.7 0.2 15.232 17.22 12.85 262.295 195.7312
W11 3.2 5.6 0.2 50.176 20.12 13.9 1009.541 697.4464
W12 3.2 1.7 0.2 15.232 23.221 12.85 353.7023 195.7312
W13 3.2 5.6 0.2 50.176 26.185 11.75 1313.859 589.568
W15 3.2 6 0.15 40.32 17.22 8.5 694.3104 342.72
W16 3.2 6 0.15 40.32 23.22 8.5 936.2304 342.72
W20 3.2 5.6 0.2 50.176 32.2 11.75 1615.667 589.568

W21 3.2 6 0.2 53.76 35.2 8.5 1892.352 456.96

W22 3.2 6 0.2 53.76 40.2 8.5 2161.152 456.96
W24 3.2 2.3 0.2 20.608 0.22 3.73 4.53376 76.86784
W25 3.2 2.3 0.15 15.456 5.2 3.7 80.3712 57.1872
W26 3.2 2.3 0.15 15.456 11.2 3.7 173.1072 57.1872
W27 3.2 2.3 0.15 15.456 17.2 3.7 265.8432 57.1872
W28 3.2 2.3 0.15 15.456 23.2 3.7 358.5792 57.1872
W29 3.2 2.3 0.15 15.456 29.2 3.7 451.3152 57.1872
W30 3.2 2.3 0.15 15.456 35.2 3.7 544.0512 57.1872
W31 3.2 4.5 0.2 40.32 40.2 3.7 1620.864 149.184
Total weight (KN)
789.824
Wi.Xi 15574.47
Wi.Yi 7131.318
total weight
4467.1532
Wi.Xi 88117.48
Wi.Yi 27394.269
center ofX(m)
mass 19.7256
Y(m) 6.13238

Weight & Centroid of Third Floor

Column
Descripti Length Thicknes Weigth Distance, Distance,
W*Xi W*Yi
on (L) Width (D) s (H) (Wi) Xi Yi
SC1 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 0.20 11.85 3.07 182.02
SC2 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 5.20 11.85 79.87 182.02
SC3 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 11.20 11.85 172.03 182.02
SC4 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 17.20 11.85 264.19 182.02
SC5 3.20 0.40 0.50 9.22 23.20 13.95 13.95 128.56
SC6 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 35.50 0.25 545.28 3.84
SC7 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 40.20 0.25 617.47 3.84
SC8 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 29.00 11.50 445.44 176.64
SC9 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 35.20 11.75 540.67 180.48
SC10 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 40.20 11.85 617.47 182.02
SC11 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 0.20 5.30 3.07 81.41
SC12 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 5.20 5.25 79.87 80.64
SC13 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 11.20 5.25 172.03 80.64
SC14 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 17.20 5.25 264.19 80.64
SC15 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 23.20 5.25 356.35 80.64
SC16 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 29.20 5.25 448.51 80.64
SC17 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 35.20 5.25 540.67 80.64
SC18 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 40.20 5.30 617.47 81.41
SC19 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 0.20 0.25 3.07 3.84
SC20 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 5.20 0.25 79.87 3.84
SC21 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 11.50 0.25 176.64 3.84
SC22 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 17.20 0.25 264.19 3.84
SC23 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 23.20 0.25 356.35 3.84
SC24 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 29.20 0.25 448.51 3.84
SC25 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 35.20 0.25 540.67 3.84
SC26 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 40.20 0.25 617.47 3.84
SC27 3.20 0.40 0.50 9.22 17.42 8.86 160.53 81.65
SC28 3.20 0.40 0.50 9.22 23.01 8.86 212.05 81.65
Total weight (KN)
411.65
Wi.Xi 8640.99
Wi.Yi 2244.13
second floor beam
A 40.00 0.30 0.40 153.60 20.20 0.20 3102.72 30.72
B 40.00 0.30 0.40 153.60 20.20 5.30 3102.72 814.08
B' 6.30 0.30 0.40 23.04 20.20 8.86 465.41 204.13
C 40.00 0.30 0.40 153.60 20.20 11.90 3102.72 1827.84
c' 6.00 0.30 0.40 12.60 20.20 14.00 254.52 176.40
1.00 11.50 0.30 0.40 44.16 0.20 6.05 8.83 267.17
2.00 15.80 0.30 0.40 60.67 5.20 6.05 315.49 367.07
3.00 15.80 0.30 0.40 60.67 11.20 6.05 679.53 367.07
4.00 16.05 0.30 0.40 61.63 29.20 5.85 1799.65 360.55
5.00 16.05 0.30 0.40 61.63 35.20 5.85 2169.45 360.55
6.00 15.80 0.30 0.40 60.67 40.20 6.05 2439.01 367.07
7.00 15.80 0.30 0.40 24.15 17.20 7.10 415.38 171.47
8.00 11.50 0.30 0.40 24.15 23.20 7.10 560.28 171.47
Total weight (KN)
894.18
Wi.Xi 18415.72
Wi.Yi 5485.56

W21 3.20 6.00 0.20 53.76

shear wall35.20 8.50 1892.35 456.96
sw1
W22 3.20
3.20 0.15
6.00 0.15
0.20 2.88
53.76 18.97
40.20 11.45
8.50 54.63
2161.15 32.98
456.96
sw2
W24 3.20
3.20 0.15
2.30 0.15
0.20 23.04
20.61 19.98
0.22 12.43
3.73 460.22
4.53 286.27
76.87
sw3
W25 3.20
3.20 0.15
2.30 0.15
0.15 24.19
15.46 19.98
5.20 10.48
3.70 483.24
80.37 253.41
57.19
sw4
W26 3.20
3.20 0.15
2.30 0.15
0.15 24.77
15.46 20.98
11.20 12.23
3.70 519.51
173.11 302.79
57.19
sw5 3.20 0.15 0.15 7.49 20.98 10.88 157.06 81.43
W27 3.20 2.30 0.15 15.46 17.20 3.70 265.84 57.19
Total weight (KN) 82.37
W28 3.20 2.30 0.15 15.46 23.20 3.70 358.58 57.19
Wi.Xi 1674.66
W29 3.20 2.30 0.15 15.46 29.20 3.70 451.32 57.19
Wi.Yi 956.88
W30 3.20 2.30 0.15partiotion
15.46load
35.20 3.70 544.05 57.19
W31 GP1 3.20 1.5KN/m2
4.50 0.20 40.32
603.75 40.20
17.70 3.70
2.58 1620.86
10686.38 149.18
1557.68
Total weight (KN)
789.82
Total weight (KN)
603.75
Wi.Xi
Wi.Xi 15574.47
10686.38
Wi.Yi
Wi.Yi 7131.32
1557.68
Stair
Flight 1 2.15 1.50 0.13 10.06 19.97 13.25 200.98 133.32
Flight 2 2.10 total weight
1.50 4712.120.20 15.12 18.15 11.48 274.43 173.58
Flight 3 2.00 Wi.Xi1.50 93394.200.21 15.12 19.84 9.65 299.98 145.91
Landing 1 1.60 Wi.Yi1.40 28855.650.20 10.75 18.15 13.28 195.15 142.79
Landing 2 1.56 1.50 0.21 11.79 18.12 9.65 213.70 113.81
Total
center of mass
X(m) weight (KN)
62.85
19.82
Wi.Xi 1184.24
Y(m) 6.12
Wi.Yi 709.40
Second floor slab Floor Slab
P1 6.65 5.13 0.17 138.68 2.64 8.60 365.53 1192.64
P2 6.65 6.00 0.17 161.57 8.20 8.60 1324.86 1389.48
P3 6.65 6.00 0.17 161.57 14.20 8.60 2294.27 1389.48
P4 6.00 3.63 0.17 88.86 20.13 7.07 1788.76 628.26
P5 6.65 6.00 0.17 161.57 26.14 8.60 4222.69 1389.48
P6 6.65 6.00 0.17 161.57 32.30 8.60 5218.65 1389.48
P7 5.25 5.13 0.17 138.68 2.64 2.63 365.53 364.13
P8 6.00 5.25 0.17 109.26 8.20 2.63 895.95 286.89
P9 6.00 5.25 0.17 127.30 14.20 2.63 1807.60 334.24
P10 6.00 5.25 0.17 127.30 20.20 2.63 2571.38 334.24
P11 6.00 5.25 0.17 127.30 26.20 2.63 3335.16 334.24
P12 6.15 5.25 0.17 127.30 32.20 2.63 4098.93 334.24
P13 6.65 5.13 0.17 127.30 37.78 8.63 4809.24 1097.93
P14 6.65 6.00 0.17 109.26 37.70 2.80 4119.19 305.93
Total weight (KN)
1867.50
Wi.Xi 37217.74
Wi.Yi 10770.68
Wall
W1 3.20 6.00 0.20 53.76 0.22 8.50 11.88 456.96
W2 3.20 6.00 0.15 40.32 5.22 8.50 210.47 342.72
W3 3.20 4.60 0.20 41.22 2.70 11.70 111.28 482.23
W4 3.20 4.60 0.20 41.22 8.20 11.72 337.97 483.05
W5 3.20 5.60 0.20 50.18 14.22 11.70 713.50 587.06
W8 3.20 6.00 0.15 40.32 11.20 8.50 451.58 342.72
W10 3.20 1.70 0.20 15.23 17.22 12.85 262.30 195.73
W11 3.20 5.60 0.20 50.18 20.12 13.90 1009.54 697.45
W12 3.20 1.70 0.20 15.23 23.22 12.85 353.70 195.73
W13 3.20 5.60 0.20 50.18 26.19 11.75 1313.86 589.57
W15 3.20 6.00 0.15 40.32 17.22 8.50 694.31 342.72
W16 3.20 6.00 0.15 40.32 23.22 8.50 936.23 342.72
W20 3.20 5.60 0.20 50.18 32.20 11.75 1615.67 589.57

Weight & Centroid of Fourth Floor

Column
Length Width Thickness Weigth Distance, Distance
Description W*Xi W*Yi
(L) (D) (H) (Wi) Xi , Yi
FC1 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 0.20 11.85 3.07 182.02
FC2 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 5.20 11.85 79.87 182.02
FC3 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 11.20 11.85 172.03 182.02
FC4 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 17.20 11.85 264.19 182.02
FC5 3.20 0.40 0.50 9.22 23.20 13.95 13.95 128.56
FC6 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 35.50 0.25 545.28 3.84
FC7 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 40.20 0.25 617.47 3.84
FC8 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 29.00 11.50 445.44 176.64
FC9 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 35.20 11.75 540.67 180.48
FC10 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 40.20 11.85 617.47 182.02
FC11 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 0.20 5.30 3.07 81.41
FC12 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 5.20 5.25 79.87 80.64
FC13 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 11.20 5.25 172.03 80.64
FC14 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 17.20 5.25 264.19 80.64
FC15 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 23.20 5.25 356.35 80.64
FC16 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 29.20 5.25 448.51 80.64
FC17 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 35.20 5.25 540.67 80.64
FC18 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 40.20 5.30 617.47 81.41
FC19 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 0.20 0.25 3.07 3.84
FC20 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 5.20 0.25 79.87 3.84
FC21 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 11.50 0.25 176.64 3.84
FC22 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 17.20 0.25 264.19 3.84
FC23 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 23.20 0.25 356.35 3.84
FC24 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 29.20 0.25 448.51 3.84
FC25 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 35.20 0.25 540.67 3.84
FC26 3.20 0.40 0.50 15.36 40.20 0.25 617.47 3.84
FC27 3.20 0.00 0.50 9.22 17.42 8.86 160.53 81.65
FC28 3.20 0.40 0.50 9.22 23.01 8.86 212.05 81.65
Total weight (KN)
411.65
Wi.Xi 8640.99
Wi.Yi 2244.13
Fourth floor beam
A 40.00 0.30 0.40 115.20 20.20 0.20 2327.04 23.04
B 40.00 0.30 0.40 115.20 20.20 5.30 2327.04 610.56
B' 40.00 0.30 0.40 17.28 20.20 8.86 349.06 153.10
C 35.00 0.30 0.40 115.20 20.20 11.90 2327.04 1370.88
c' 6.00 0.30 0.40 12.60 20.20 14.00 254.52 176.40
1.00 11.50 0.30 0.40 33.12 0.20 6.05 6.62 200.38
2.00 11.50 0.30 0.40 24.15 5.20 6.05 125.58 146.11
3.00 11.50 0.30 0.40 24.15 11.20 6.05 270.48 146.11
4.00 11.50 0.30 0.40 24.15 29.20 5.85 705.18 141.28
5.00 11.50 0.30 0.40 24.15 35.20 5.85 850.08 141.28
6.00 11.50 0.30 0.40 24.15 40.20 6.05 970.83 146.11
7.00 16.05 0.30 0.40 46.22 17.20 7.10 795.05 328.19
8.00 16.05 0.30 0.40 46.22 23.20 7.10 1072.40 328.19
Total weight (KN)
466.62
Wi.Xi 12380.92
Wi.Yi 3911.62

W21 3.20 6.00 0.20 shear wall

53.76 35.20 8.50 1892.35 456.96
sw1
W22 3.20
3.20 0.15
6.00 0.15 53.76
0.20 2.88 18.97
40.20 11.452161.15
8.50 54.63 456.96
32.98
sw2
W24 3.20
3.20 0.15
2.30 0.15 20.61
0.20 23.04 19.98
0.22 12.43
3.73 460.22 76.87
4.53 286.27
sw3
W25 3.20
3.20 0.15
2.30 0.15 15.46
0.15 24.19 19.98
5.20 10.48 80.37
3.70 483.24 57.19
253.41
sw4
W26 3.20
3.20 0.15
2.30 0.15
0.15 24.77
15.46 20.98
11.20 12.23
3.70 519.51
173.11 302.79
57.19
sw5 3.20 0.15 0.15 7.49 20.98 10.88 157.06 81.43
W27 3.20 2.30 0.15 15.46 17.20 3.70 265.84 57.19
W28 3.20 2.30 0.15 15.46 23.20 3.70 358.58 57.19
Wi.Xi 1674.66
W29 3.20 2.30 0.15 15.46 29.20 3.70 451.32 57.19
Wi.Yi 956.88
W30 3.20 2.30 0.15 15.46
partiotion load
35.20 3.70 544.05 57.19
W31 GP1 3.20 1.5KN/m2
4.50 0.20 40.32
603.75 40.20
17.70 3.70
2.581620.86
10686.38 149.18
1557.68
Total weight (KN)
789.82
Wi.Xi
Wi.Xi 15574.47
10686.38
Wi.Yi
Wi.Yi 7131.32
1557.68
Stair
Flight 1 2.15 1.50 0.13 10.06 19.97 13.25 200.98 133.32
Flight 2 2.10total 1.50 0.20
weight 5712.64 15.12 18.15 11.48 274.43 173.58
Flight 3 2.00Wi.Xi1.50 115820.03
0.21 15.12 19.84 9.65 299.98 145.91
Landing 1 1.60Wi.Yi1.40 35518.110.20 10.75 18.15 13.28 195.15 142.79
Landing 2 1.56 1.50 0.21 11.79 18.12 9.65 213.70 113.81
Total
center of X(m)
mass weight (KN)
62.85
20.27
Wi.Xi 1184.24
Y(m) 6.22
Wi.Yi 709.40
Fourth Floor Slab
P1 6.65 5.13 0.30 244.73 2.64 8.60 645.05 2104.66
P2 6.65 6.00 0.30 285.12 8.20 8.60 2337.98 2452.03
P3 6.65 6.00 0.30 285.12 14.20 8.60 4048.70 2452.03
P4 6.00 3.63 0.30 156.82 20.13 7.07 3156.64 1108.69
P5 6.65 6.00 0.30 285.12 26.14 8.60 7451.81 2452.03
P6 6.65 6.00 0.30 285.12 32.30 8.60 9209.38 2452.03
P7 5.25 5.13 0.30 244.73 2.64 2.63 645.05 642.58
P8 6.00 5.25 0.30 192.82 8.20 2.63 1581.09 506.28
P9 6.00 5.25 0.30 224.64 14.20 2.63 3189.89 589.84
P10 6.00 5.25 0.30 224.64 20.20 2.63 4537.73 589.84
P11 6.00 5.25 0.30 224.64 26.20 2.63 5885.57 589.84
P12 6.15 5.25 0.30 224.64 32.20 2.63 7233.41 589.84
P13 6.65 5.13 0.30 224.64 37.78 8.63 8486.90 1937.52
P14 6.65 6.00 0.30 192.82 37.70 2.80 7269.16 539.88
Total weight (KN)
3295.58
Wi.Xi 65678.37
Wi.Yi 19007.09
Wall
W1 3.20 6.00 0.20 53.76 0.22 8.50 11.88 456.96
W2 3.20 6.00 0.15 40.32 5.22 8.50 210.47 342.72
W3 3.20 4.60 0.20 41.22 2.70 11.70 111.28 482.23
W4 3.20 4.60 0.20 41.22 8.20 11.72 337.97 483.05
W5 3.20 5.60 0.20 50.18 14.22 11.70 713.50 587.06
W8 3.20 6.00 0.15 40.32 11.20 8.50 451.58 342.72
W10 3.20 1.70 0.20 15.23 17.22 12.85 262.30 195.73
W11 3.20 5.60 0.20 50.18 20.12 13.90 1009.54 697.45
W12 3.20 1.70 0.20 15.23 23.22 12.85 353.70 195.73
W13 3.20 5.60 0.20 50.18 26.19 11.75 1313.86 589.57
W15 3.20 6.00 0.15 40.32 17.22 8.50 694.31 342.72
W16 3.20 6.00 0.15 40.32 23.22 8.50 936.23 342.72
W20 3.20 5.60 0.20 50.18 32.20 11.75 1615.67 589.57

Weight & Centroid of Access room and roof

Column
Descripti Length Width Thickness Weigth Distance, Distance,
W*Xi W*Yi
on (L) (D) (H) (Wi) Xi Yi
C1 3.10 0.50 0.40 14.88 0.50 0.25 7.44 3.72
C2 3.10 0.50 0.40 14.88 6.20 0.25 92.26 3.72
C3 3.10 0.50 0.40 14.88 0.22 3.79 3.27 56.40
C4 3.10 0.50 0.40 14.88 17.20 0.25 255.94 3.72
C5 3.10 0.50 0.40 14.88 6.20 3.79 92.26 56.40
C6 3.10 0.50 0.40 14.88 0.20 6.75 2.98 100.44
C7 3.10 0.50 0.40 14.88 6.20 6.75 92.26 100.44
C8 3.10 0.50 0.40 14.88 6.20 8.85 92.26 131.69
C1 1.60 0.50 0.40 7.68 0.16 11.70 1.21 89.86
C2 1.60 0.50 0.40 7.68 5.15 11.70 39.55 89.86
C3 1.60 0.50 0.40 7.68 11.15 11.70 85.63 89.86
C4 1.60 0.50 0.40 7.68 29.15 11.70 223.87 89.86
C5 1.60 0.50 0.40 7.68 35.15 11.70 269.95 89.86
C6 1.60 0.50 0.40 7.68 40.15 11.70 308.35 89.86
C7 1.60 0.50 0.40 7.68 0.16 5.18 1.23 39.79
C8 1.60 0.50 0.40 7.68 5.17 5.21 39.68 40.02
C9 1.60 0.50 0.40 7.68 11.17 5.20 85.76 39.94
C10 1.60 0.50 0.40 7.68 40.17 5.19 308.47 39.83
C11 1.60 0.50 0.40 7.68 0.18 0.20 1.34 1.54
C12 1.60 0.50 0.40 7.68 5.17 0.20 39.68 1.54
C13 1.60 0.50 0.40 7.68 11.16 0.20 85.68 1.55
C14 1.60 0.50 0.40 7.68 17.15 0.20 131.75 1.53
C15 1.60 0.50 0.40 7.68 23.15 0.20 177.83 1.54
C16 1.60 0.50 0.40 7.68 29.15 0.20 223.90 1.53
C17 1.60 0.50 0.40 7.68 35.15 0.20 269.98 1.53
C18 1.60 0.50 0.40 7.68 40.15 0.20 308.36 1.53
Total weight (KN)
257.28
Wi.Xi 3240.87
Wi.Yi 1167.51
ACCESS ROOM AND TOP TIE BEAM
TTB1 5.00 0.30 0.35 12.60 2.65 11.78 33.44 148.37
TTB2 6.00 0.30 0.35 15.12 8.15 11.78 123.23 178.04
TTB3 6.00 0.30 0.35 15.12 14.15 11.77 213.95 177.99
TTB4 2.40 0.30 0.35 6.05 17.15 13.00 103.72 78.62
TTB5 6.00 0.30 0.35 15.12 20.16 13.98 304.80 211.30
TTB6 2.40 0.30 0.35 15.12 23.20 13.00 350.81 196.54
TTB7 2.88 0.30 0.35 7.26 17.15 10.27 124.47 74.57
TTB8 2.88 0.30 0.35 7.26 23.15 10.28 168.01 74.62
TTB9 6.00 0.30 0.35 15.12 20.18 8.77 305.05 132.65
TTB10 3.65 0.30 0.35 9.20 17.15 7.02 157.75 64.61
TTB11 3.65 0.30 0.35 9.20 23.15 7.03 212.93 64.64
TTB12 6.00 0.30 0.35 15.12 26.15 11.78 395.41 178.04
TTB13 6.00 0.30 0.35 15.12 32.15 11.78 486.11 178.04
TTB14 5.00 0.30 0.35 12.60 37.65 11.78 474.39 148.37
TTB15 6.50 0.30 0.35 16.38 40.20 8.44 658.48 138.29
TTB16 6.50 0.30 0.35 16.38 0.15 8.44 2.46 138.26
TTB17 6.50 0.30 0.35 16.38 5.15 8.46 84.36 138.50

TTB18 6.50 0.30 0.35 16.38 11.15 8.45 182.64 138.41

TTB19 5.00 0.30 0.35 12.60 0.15 2.69 1.89 33.90
TTB20 5.00 0.30 0.35 12.60 5.15 2.70 64.89 34.02
TTB21 5.00 0.30 0.35 12.60 11.15 2.70 140.49 34.03
TTB22 5.00 0.30 0.35 12.60 17.15 2.70 216.09 34.02
TTB23 5.00 0.30 0.35 12.60 23.15 2.70 291.69 34.02
TTB24 5.00 0.30 0.35 12.60 40.20 2.69 506.52 33.92
TTB25 5.00 0.30 0.35 12.60 2.67 0.13 33.65 1.58
TTB26 6.00 0.30 0.35 15.12 8.16 0.13 123.40 1.90
TTB27 6.00 0.30 0.35 15.12 14.16 0.13 214.03 1.89
TTB28 6.00 0.30 0.35 15.12 20.15 0.12 304.73 1.88
TTB29 6.00 0.30 0.35 15.12 26.15 0.12 395.45 1.89
TTB30 6.00 0.30 0.35 15.12 32.15 0.12 486.16 1.88
TTB31 5.00 0.30 0.35 12.60 37.65 0.12 474.41 1.57
TTB32 5.00 0.25 0.30 12.60 2.66 5.13 33.56 64.58
TTB33 6.00 0.25 0.30 15.12 8.17 5.13 123.48 77.49
TTB34 6.00 0.25 0.30 15.12 14.17 5.13 214.21 77.49
TTB35 6.00 0.25 0.30 15.12 20.16 5.13 304.80 77.49
Total weight (KN)
469.88
Wi.Xi 8311.44
Wi.Yi 2973.40
shear wall
sw5 3.10 0.15 0.15 2.10 18.97 11.45 39.84 24.05
sw6 3.10 0.15 0.15 1.85 19.98 12.43 36.95 22.99
sw14 3.10 0.15 0.15 1.85 19.98 10.48 36.95 19.38
sw7 3.10 0.15 0.15 0.40 20.98 12.23 8.39 4.89
sw8 3.10 0.15 0.15 0.80 20.98 10.88 16.78 8.70
Wi.Xi 138.91
Wi.Yi 80.00
access roon slab
P1 6.10 6.30 0.20 261.88 3.54 1.20 926.53 314.25
Total weight (KN)
261.88
Wi.Xi 926.53
Wi.Yi 314.25
Wall
W1 3.00 9.00 0.20 68.04 0.25 4.55 17.01 309.58
W2 3.00 9.00 0.20 47.04 6.22 4.55 292.59 214.03
W3 3.00 6.00 0.20 68.04 3.20 0.20 217.73 13.61
W4 3.00 6.00 0.20 47.04 3.20 3.70 150.53 174.05
Total weight (KN)
230.16 3.20 8.90
Wi.Xi 677.85
Wi.Yi 711.27
total weight
1226.1976
Wi.Xi 13295.607
Wi.Yi 5246.4328
center of mass
X(m) 10.843
Y(m) 4.27862

TTB18 6.50 0.25 0.30 16.38 11.15 8.45 182.64 138.41

TTB19 5.00 0.25 0.30 12.60 0.15 2.69 1.89 33.90
TTB20 5.00 0.25 0.30 12.60 5.15 2.70 64.89 34.02
TTB21 5.00 0.25 0.30 12.60 11.15 2.70 140.49 34.03
TTB22 5.00 0.25 0.30 12.60 17.15 2.70 216.09 34.02
TTB23 5.00 0.25 0.30 12.60 23.15 2.70 291.69 34.02
TTB24 5.00 0.25 0.30 12.60 40.20 2.69 506.52 33.92
TTB25 5.00 0.25 0.30 12.60 2.67 0.13 33.65 1.58
TTB26 6.00 0.25 0.30 15.12 8.16 0.13 123.40 1.90
TTB27 6.00 0.25 0.30 15.12 14.16 0.13 214.03 1.89
TTB28 6.00 0.25 0.30 15.12 20.15 0.12 304.73 1.88
TTB29 6.00 0.25 0.30 15.12 26.15 0.12 395.45 1.89
TTB30 6.00 0.25 0.30 15.12 32.15 0.12 486.16 1.88
TTB31 5.00 0.25 0.30 12.60 37.65 0.12 474.41 1.57
TTB32 5.00 0.25 0.30 12.60 2.66 5.13 33.56 64.58
TTB33 6.00 0.25 0.30 15.12 8.17 5.13 123.48 77.49
TTB34 6.00 0.25 0.30 15.12 14.17 5.13 214.21 77.49
TTB35 6.00 0.25 0.30 15.12 20.16 5.13 304.80 77.49
Total weight (KN)
469.88
Wi.Xi 8311.44
Wi.Yi 2973.40
shear wall
sw5 3.10 0.15 0.15 2.10 18.97 11.45 39.84 24.05
sw6 3.10 0.15 0.15 1.85 19.98 12.43 36.95 22.99
sw14 3.10 0.15 0.15 1.85 19.98 10.48 36.95 19.38
sw7 3.10 0.15 0.15 0.40 20.98 12.23 8.39 4.89
sw8 3.10 0.15 0.15 0.80 20.98 10.88 16.78 8.70
Wi.Xi 138.91
Wi.Yi 80.00
access roon slab
P1 6.10 6.30 0.20 261.88 3.54 1.20 926.53 314.25
Total weight (KN)
261.88
Wi.Xi 926.53
Wi.Yi 314.25
Wall
W1 3.00 9.00 0.20 68.04 0.25 4.55 17.01 309.58
W2 3.00 9.00 0.20 47.04 6.22 4.55 292.59 214.03
W3 3.00 6.00 0.20 68.04 3.20 0.20 217.73 13.61
W4 3.00 6.00 0.20 47.04 3.20 3.70 150.53 174.05
Total weight (KN)
230.16 3.20 8.90
Wi.Xi 677.85
Wi.Yi 711.27
total weight
1226.1976
Wi.Xi 13295.607
Wi.Yi 5246.4328
center of mass
X(m) 10.843
Y(m) 4.27862

Weight & Centroid of S lab roof

Column
Descripti Length Thicknes Weigth Distance, Distance,
W*Xi W*Yi
on (L) Width (D) s (H) (Wi) Xi Yi
AC1 1.50 0.35 0.40 7.20 0.50 0.25 3.60 1.80
AC2 1.50 0.35 0.40 7.20 6.20 0.25 44.64 1.80
AC3 1.50 0.35 0.40 7.20 0.22 3.79 1.58 27.29
AC4 1.50 0.35 0.40 7.20 17.20 0.25 123.84 1.80
AC5 1.50 0.35 0.40 7.20 6.20 3.79 0.25 27.29
AC6 1.50 0.35 0.40 7.20 0.20 6.75 1.44 48.60
AC7 1.50 0.35 0.40 7.20 6.20 6.75 44.64 48.60
AC8 1.50 0.35 0.40 7.20 6.20 8.85 44.64 63.72
Wi.Xi 264.63
Wi.Yi 220.90
access roon slab
P1 6.10 6.30 0.20 261.88 3.54 1.20 926.53 314.25
Wi.Xi 926.53
Wi.Yi 314.25
Wall
W1 3.00 9.00 0.20 68.04 0.25 4.55 17.01 309.58
W2 3.00 9.00 0.20 47.04 6.22 4.55 292.59 214.03
W3 3.00 6.00 0.20 68.04 3.20 0.20 217.73 13.61
W4 3.00 6.00 0.20 47.04 3.20 3.70 150.53 174.05
Total weight (KN)230.16 3.20 8.90
Wi.Xi 677.85
Wi.Yi 711.27
slab roof beam
TTB4 2.40 0.30 0.35 6.05 17.15 13.00 103.72 78.62
TTB5 6.00 0.30 0.35 7.26 20.16 13.98 146.30 101.42
TTB6 2.40 0.30 0.35 7.26 23.20 13.00 168.39 94.34
TTB7 2.88 0.30 0.35 15.12 17.15 10.27 259.31 155.35
TTB8 2.88 0.30 0.35 9.20 23.15 10.28 212.93 94.57
TTB9 6.00 0.30 0.35 9.20 20.18 8.77 185.57 80.70
TTB10 3.65 0.30 0.35 15.12 17.15 7.02 259.31 106.21
TTB11 3.65 0.30 0.35 90.37 23.15 7.03 2092.00 635.06
TTB35 6.00 0.30 0.35 0.00 20.16 5.13 0.00 0.00
Wi.Xi 3427.53
Wi.Yi 1346.26
total weight 709.20

Wi.Xi 5296.55
Wi.Yi 2592.68
center of mass
X(m) 7.47
Y(m) 3.66

Column Design Template

Section C-C
X- Direction

b 300 300 300 300 400 500 500
h 400 400 350 350 400 400 400
L 6000 6000 6000 6000 3200 3000 2500
I 1.6E+09 1.6E+09 1.07E+09 1.07E+09 2.13E+09 2666666667 2.667E+09
K 266666.7 266666.7 178645.8 178645.8 666666.7 888888.8889 1066666.7
ac1 2.92
ac2 1.00
Y- Direction
b 300 0 300 0 400 400 400 i= sqrt(I/A)
h 400 0 350 0 400 500 500 d= P/fcdAc
L 6500 6500 6500 6500 3200 3000 2500
I 1.6E+09 0 1.07E+09 0 2.13E+09 4166666667 4.167E+09 i= 115.47
K 246153.8 0 164903.8 0 666666.7 1388888.889 1666666.7
ac1 8.35  48.31
ac2 1.00 d= 1.053332
X 2.92 1.00 1.00 3 4.68 3.45 15/sqr/( d) 14.62 The larger of the two
Y 8.35 1.00 1.00 3 5.58 3.45 25.00

X 161.11 0 4.68 0.040 0.02 0.03 0.09 205.91 205.91
Y 83.26 2386.85 5.58 0.023 0.02 0.05 0.09 213.19 213.19
2386.85

205.910 213.191 2386.850 0.16 0.20 0.908 0.43 3263.07 diameter No.
20 11 OR
x y 24 8
eo= 0.040 0.023 Mx My
eo= 0.027 0.014 smaller Larger smaller Larger
eo1= -0.001 0.004 -3.352 161.114 10.21 83.257
eo2= 0.068 0.035
0.4 0.38
0.908 0.43
0.6 0.40

Section E-E
X- Direction

b 300 300 300 300 300 300 400
h 400 400 400 400 300 300 400
L 6000 6000 6000 6000 3200 3200 3200
I 1.6E+09 1.6E+09 1.6E+09 1.6E+09 6.75E+08 675000000 2133333333
K 266666.7 266666.7 266666.7 266666.7 210937.5 210937.5 666666.667
ac1 0.79
ac2 1.00
Y- Direction
b 300 300 300 300 300 300 400 i= sqrt(I/A)
h 400 400 400 400 300 300 400 d= P/fcdAc
L 5000 6500 5000 6500 3200 3200 3200
I 1.6E+09 1.6E+09 1.6E+09 1.6E+09 6.75E+08 675000000 2133333333 i= 86.60
K 320000 246153.8 320000 246153.8 210937.5 210937.5 666666.667
ac1 0.75  48.38
ac2 1.00 d= 0.877866
Y 0.75 1.00 0.75 3.2 4.17 3.68 25.00

X -0.32 0 4.19 -0.032 0.02 0.04 0.02 20.95 20.95
Y 26.81 895.16 4.17 0.018 0.02 0.03 0.07 65.04 65.04
895.16

20.946 65.038 895.160 0.06 0.18 0.757 0.42 1416.82 diameter No.
14 10 OR
x y 16 8
eo= -0.048 0.018 Mx My
eo1= 0.000 0.000 -0.318 -70.973 -0.07 26.807
eo2= -0.079 0.030
0.4 0.38
0.757 0.42
0.6 0.40

Section F-F
X- Direction

b 300 300 300 300 500 500
500
h 400 400 350 350 400 400
L 6000 6000 6000 6000 3200 3200 2500
I 1.6E+09 1.6E+09 1.07E+09 1071875000 2.67E+09 3066406250 2666666667
K 266666.7 266666.7 178645.8 178645.833 833333.3 958251.9531 1066666.667
ac1 3.36
ac2 1.00
Y- Direction
b 0 300 0 350 400 400 i= sqrt(I/A)
500
h 0 400 0 300 500 500 d= P/fcdAc
L 6500 5000 6500 6000 3200 3200 2500
I 0 1.6E+09 0 787500000 4.17E+09 3066406250 4166666667 i= 125000.00
K 0 320000 0 131250 1302083 958251.9531 1666666.667
ac1 7.06  0.05
ac2 1.00 d= 934921.7
Do not consider second order effect
Y 7.06 1.00 1.00 3.2 5.80 3.68 25.00

X -5.90 0 5.12 -0.028 0.02 0.00 -0.01 -5.90 -16.41
Y 139.46 2078.81 5.80 0.039 0.02 0.00 0.06 139.46 121.75
2078.81

-5.898 139.458 2078.810 0.00 13.49 0.806 0.42 3126.01 diameter No.
20 10 OR
x y 14 21
eo= -0.043 0.039 Mx My
eo1= -0.003 -0.004 -5.898 -144.954 -8.75 139.458
eo2= -0.070 0.067
0.4 0.38
0.806 0.42
0.6 0.40

Section G-G
X- Direction

b 300 300 300 300 500 500
500
h 400 400 350 350 400 400
L 6000 6000 6000 6000 3200 300 2500
I 1.6E+09 1.6E+09 1.072E+09 1.07E+09 2.67E+09 3.07E+09 2.67E+09
K 266666.7 266666.7 178645.83 178645.8 833333.3 10221354 1066667
ac1 20.73
ac2 1.00
Y- Direction
b 300 300 300 350 400 400 i= sqrt(I/A)
500
h 400 400 350 300 500 500 d= P/fcdAc
L 5000 6500 5000 6500 3200 3000 2500
I 1.6E+09 1.6E+09 1.072E+09 7.88E+08 4.17E+09 3.07E+09 4.17E+09 i= 125000.00
K 320000 246153.8 214375 121153.8 1302083 1022135 1666667
ac1 4.11  0.04
ac2 1.00 d= 1787266.768
Do not consider second order effect
direction column ac1 ac2 acmin L e=L[1+0.15(ac1+ac2)
Le=1.15Le
Y 4.11 1.00 1.00 3 4.96 3.45 25.00

X -12.80 0 0.63 -0.016 0.02 0.00 0.00 17.21 17.21
Y 149.27 3974.01 4.96 0.025 0.02 0.00 0.05 180.39 180.39
3974.01

17.209 180.391 3974.010 0.01 17.45 1.541 0.49 3672.18 diameter No.
20 12 OR
x y 14 24
eo= -0.025 0.025 Mx My
eo1= -0.003 0.007 -12.801 -155.677 28.37 149.274
eo2= -0.039 0.038
0.4 0.38
1.541 0.49
0.6 0.40

Foundation design template

Fck 25 Fcd 11.33 fctd 1.20

Fyk 300 Fyd 260.87
qall (kPa)= 360.00

0.4 0.5

2229.27 2.30 -0.21

1883.02 2.30 -0.21

s corner 4= 355.88
s (avg.)= 356.68
d= 494
k1 = 1 + 50*  = 1.135
k2 = 1.6 - d = 1.106
bw = (b1+3*d)*2 + (h1 + 3*d)*2 = 7.728

depth D (mm) = 550
d (mm) = 494
k1 = 1 + 50*  = 1.135
k2 = 1.6 - d = 1.106
bw = 2.50

= 0.0027

= 14

Fck 25 Fcd 11.33 fctd 1.20

Fyk 300 Fyd 260.87
qall (kPa)= 360.00

0.4 0.5

1722.08 4.95 2.19

1466.04 4.95 2.19
s corner 4= 351.78
s (avg.)= 355.80
d= 394
k1 = 1 + 50*  = 1.157
k2 = 1.6 - d = 1.206
bw = (b1+3*d)*2 + (h1 + 3*d)*2 = 6.528

depth D (mm) = 450
d (mm) = 394
k1 = 1 + 50*  = 1.157
k2 = 1.6 - d = 1.206
bw = 2.20


= 0.0031

= 14

Fck 25 Fcd 11.33 fctd 1.20

Fyk 300 Fyd 260.87
qall (kPa)= 360.00

0.4 0.5

1011.08 4.49 6.57

865.42 4.49 6.57

s corner 4= 336.35
s (avg.)= 349.85
d= 294
k1 = 1 + 50*  = 1.145
k2 = 1.6 - d = 1.306
bw = (b1+3*d)*2 + (h1 + 3*d)*2 = 5.328


depth D (mm) = 350
d (mm) = 294
k1 = 1 + 50*  = 1.145
k2 = 1.6 - d = 1.306
bw = 1.70

= 0.0029
= 14



Structural Design of g+4 Mixeduse Building and Software Development

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ADAMA SCIENCE AND

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF G+4 MIXEDUSE

In Partial Fulfillment of B.Sc. Degree in Civil Engineering

DATE June, 2012

1 GUTU ABEYA R/0299/00

2 HELEN TAFESSE R/0103/00

3 IMAN ABDO R/0294/00

6 SOFIA NESRU R/0191/00

7 TSEGA FANTAHUN R/0230/00

Adama Science &Technology University (ASTU) II

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF G+4 MIXEDUSE

DATE ______________________ SIGNATURE__________________

DATE ______________________ SIGNATURE__________________

Adama Science &Technology University (ASTU) III

Adama Science &Technology University (ASTU) IV

Adama Science &Technology University (ASTU) V

CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................. 7

2 ROOF ANALYSIS AND DESIGN.............................................................................. 7

2.1 Wind load ........................................................................................................... 7

2.2 Design load ...................................................................................................... 16

2.3 Design of Purlin ................................................................................................ 17

2.4 Truss Analysis and Design ............................................................................... 21

2.4.1 Loading .......................................................................................................................... 21

3 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SLAB ....................................................................... 40

3.1 DESIGN PROCEDURE.................................................................................... 40

3.2 GROUND FLOOR SLAB DESIGN ................................................................... 40

3.3 Basement Floor Slab Design............................................................................ 88

4 STAIR CASE DESIGN ............................................................................................ 90

4.1 STAIR SECTION A-A ....................................................................................... 92

4.2 STAIR SECTION B-B ..................................................................................... 105

4.3 STAIR SECTION C-C .................................................................................... 116

Adama Science &Technology University (ASTU) VI

CHAPTER FIVE .......................................................................................................... 130

5 FRAME ANALYSIS ............................................................................................... 130

5.1 Wind load on structure ................................................................................... 130

5.2 Earth quake analysis ...................................................................................... 135

5.2.1 Base Shear Determination ............................................................................................ 136

6 BEAM DESIGN ..................................................................................................... 182

CHAPTER SEVEN ...................................................................................................... 206

7 COLUMN DESIGN ............................................................................................... 206

7.1 Determination of Sway or Non-sway condition of substitute frame ................ 211

7.2 Determine Slenderness of a column .............................................................. 222

7.3 Determination of total eccentricity .................................................................. 223

7.4 Reinforcement Design .................................................................................... 228

7.5 Design of column for shear ............................................................................ 229

CHAPTER EIGHT ....................................................................................................... 253

8 Design of shear wall ............................................................................................. 253

8.1 Determination of vertical load ......................................................................... 258

8.1.1 Depth determination .................................................................................................... 258

Adama Science &Technology University (ASTU) VII

8.2.1 Load transfer ................................................................................................................ 263

9 FOUNDATION DESIGN ....................................................................................... 268

9.1 Design of Isolated Footing.............................................................................. 270

9.2 Combined Footing Design .............................................................................. 276

9.3 Mat Foundation Design under shear wall ....................................................... 282

Adama Science &Technology University (ASTU) VIII

Table 2.1 Area of each zone ........................................................................................ 10

Table 2.2 pressure coefficients for each zone ............................................................... 11

Table 2.4 Area of each zone ......................................................................................... 13

Table 2.5 pressure coefficient for each zone ................................................................. 14

Table 2.6 Exposure coefficient for external pressure .................................................... 14

Table 2.7 Net pressure coefficient θ = 00 ...................................................................... 15

Table 2.8 Net pressure coefficient θ = 1800 .................................................................. 15

DATE ____ SIGNATURE

DATE ____ SIGNATURE