Jawapan Bab 5

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Matematik Tambahan
JAWAPAN
Bab 5
B
BA
Janjang
5 Progressions
Analisis Soalan SPM

Kertas 2017 2018
Janjang Aritmetik
5.1 Arithmetic Progressions
1
2
3
3
3
3
.
hd
NOTA IMBASAN
.B
1. Janjang Aritmetik (JA) ialah suatu urutan di mana beza 3. Hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi suatu janjang
antara sebarang dua sebutan yang berturutan adalah aritmetik ialah
sentiasa sama. Sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic progression is
dn
Arithmetic Progression (AP) is a sequence where the
difference between any two consecutive terms is always the same. Sn = n [2a + (n – 1)d] atau / or Sn = n (a + l )
2 2
Sebutan / Term : T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Urutan / Sequence : a a + d a + 2d a + 3d a + 4d dengan l = sebutan terakhir
S
where l = last term
Sebutan pertama dinamakan sebagai a
The first term is denoted as a. 4. Hasil tambah beberapa sebutan berturutan dari
Beza sepunya / Common difference,
d = T2 − T1 = T3 − T2 = T4 − T3 = T5 − T4 = ....
gi sebutan ke-m hingga sebutan ke-n bagi suatu janjang
aritmetik ialah
an
Sum of a few consecutive terms from the mth term to the nth
d = Tn – Tn – 1 term of an arithmetic progression is
Sm → n = Sn – Sm – 1
l
2. Sebutan ke-n suatu janjang aritmetik ialah
Pe
The n term of an arithmetic progression is

th
Tn = a + (n − 1)d
dengan a = sebutan pertama, d = beza sepunya NOTA
n
where a = first term, d = common difference

ta
bi
1. Tentukan sama ada setiap yang berikut ialah janjang aritmetik atau bukan.
Determine whether each of the following is an arithmetic progression. 1
er
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
n
4, 8, 12, 16, … 4, 1, −2, −6, …

Pe
Penyelesaian: Penyelesaian:
T2 − T1 = 8 − 4 = 4 T2 − T1 = 1 − 4 = −3
T3 − T2 = 12 − 8 = 4 T3 − T2 = −2 − 1 = −3
T4 − T3 = 16 − 12 = 4 T4 − T3 = −6 − (−2) = −4
d = 4 ialah pemalar/ is a constant. d bukan pemalar/ is not a constant.

\ Ini ialah janjang aritmetik. \ Ini bukan janjang aritmetik.
\ This is an aritmetic progression. \ This is not an aritmetic progression.
79
Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 5 Janjang
(a) −2, 1, 4, 7, … (b) 1 , 2 1 , 5 1 , 7 1 , … (c) 2p – 1, p, 1, 2 – p, …

2 2 2 2
T2 − T1 = 1 − (−2) = 3 T2 − T1 = p − (2p – 1) = 1 – p
T2 − T1 = 2 1 − 1 = 2
T3 − T2 = 4 − 1 = 3 2 2 T3 − T2 = 1 – p
T4 − T3 = 7 − 4 = 3 T3 − T2 = 5 1 − 2 1 = 3 T4 − T3 = 2 – p − 1 = 1 – p
2 2
d = 3 ialah pemalar. T4 − T3 = 7 − 5 1 = 2
1 d = 1 – p ialah pemalar.
\ Ini ialah janjang aritmetik. 2 2 \ Ini ialah janjang aritmetik.
.
d bukan pemalar.
hd
\ Ini bukan janjang aritmetik.
.B
2. Nyatakan sebutan pertama dan beza sepunya bagi setiap janjang aritmetik yang berikut.
State the first term and the common difference for each of the following arithmetic progression. 2
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
dn
−2, 1, 4, 7, … 3, –1, –5, −9, …
S
a = –2 a=3
BAB
d = 1 − (−2) = 3 d = –1 − 3 = −4
5
gi
(b) 1 , 1 , 2 , 5 , …
an
(a) 3, 8, 13, 18, … (c) 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.1, …
3 2 3 6
a=3 a= 1 a = 1.2
3
l
d=8−3=5 d = 1.5 − 1.2 = 0.3
Pe
d= 1 − 1 = 1
2 3 6
n
3. Tentukan nilai sebutan tertentu bagi janjang aritmetik yang berikut.

Determine the value of the specific term for the arithmetic progression. 3
ta
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
bi
4, 2, 0, –2, … ; cari sebutan ke-7. –7, –3, 1, 5, … ; cari sebutan ke-9.

find the 7th term. find the 9th term.
er
a = 4, d = 2 − 4 = –2 a = –7, d = –3 − (–7) = 4
T7 = a + (7 − 1)d T9 = a + (9 − 1)d
n
= 4 + 6(–2) = –7 + 8(4)
= –8 = 25
Pe
(a) −20, −17, −14, −11, … ; cari sebutan ke-10. (b) 2.5, 3.2, 3.9, 4.6, … ; cari sebutan ke-6.
a = −20, d = −17 − (−20) = 3 a = 2.5, d = 3.2 − 2.5 = 0.7

T10 = a + (10 – 1)d T6 = a + (6 – 1)d
= –20 + 9(3) = 2.5 + 5(0.7)
= 7 = 6
80
4. Hitungkan bilangan sebutan bagi setiap janjang aritmetik yang berikut.

Calculate the number of terms in each of the following arithmetic progressions. 3
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
4.1, 4.7, 5.3, 5.9, …, 11.3 3y, –y, –5y, …, –65y

a = 4.1, d = 4.7 − 4.1 = 0.6 a = 3y, d = –y − 3y = –4y
Tn = a + (n − 1)d Tn = a + (n − 1)d
= 4.1 + (n − 1)(0.6) = 3y + (n − 1)(–4y)
.
= 0.6n + 3.5 = 7y − 4ny
hd
0.6n + 3.5 = 11.3 –4ny + 7y = –65y
0.6n = 7.8 –4ny = –72y
n = 13 n = 18
.B
(a) −11, −7, −3, …, 125 (b) 17, 13, 9, …, –31
dn
a = −11 , d = −7 − (−11) = 4 a = 17, d = 13 − 17 = −4
Tn = a + (n − 1)d Tn = a + (n − 1)d
= –11 + (n – 1)(4) = 17 + (n − 1)( −4)
= 4n − 15 = −4n + 21
BAB
4n – 15 = 125 –4n + 21 = –31
gi
4n = 140 4n = 52
n = 35 n = 13
5
an
(c) 1 , 2 , 3 , …, 14 (d) 3m, m, –m, –3m, …, −13m
5 5 5 5
l
a= 1 ,d= 2 − 1 = 1 a = 3m , d = m − 3m = −2m
Pe
5 5 5 5 Tn = a + (n − 1)d
Tn = a + (n − 1)d = 3m + (n − 1)( −2m)
= 1 + (n – 1)( 1 ) = 5m – 2nm
5 5
n
5m – 2mn = –13m
= 1 n
5 2nm = 18m
ta
1 n = 14 2n = 18
5 5 n = 9
n = 14
bi
5. Tentukan hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi suatu janjang aritmetik.

er
Determine the sum of the first n terms in an arithmetic progression. 3
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
n
3, 5, 7, 9, … (12 sebutan yang pertama) 5, 2, –1, –4, … (10 sebutan yang pertama)
Pe
(first 12 terms) (first 10 terms)

a = 3, d = 5 − 3 = 2 a = 5, d = 2 − 5 = −3
S12 = n [2a + (n – 1)d] Sn = n [2a + (n – 1)d]
2 2
= 12 [2(3) + 11(2)] S10 = 10 [2(5) + 9(–3)]
2 2
= 6(6 + 22) = 5(10 – 27)
= 168 = –85
81
(a) −15, −11, −7, −3, … (16 sebutan yang pertama) (b) 19, 14, 9, 4, … (14 sebutan yang pertama)
a = −15, d = −11 − (−15) = 4 a = 19, d = 14 − 19 = –5

S16 = n [2a + (n – 1)d] S14 = n [2a + (n – 1)d]
2 2
= 16 [2(–15) + 15(4)] 14
2 = [2(19) + 13(–5)]
2
= 8(–30 + 60)
.
= 7(38 – 65)
hd
= 240 = –189
.B
6. Tentukan hasil tambah sebutan tertentu yang berturutan bagi suatu janjang aritmetik.
dn
Determine the sum of specific number of consecutive terms in an arithmetic progression. 3
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
S
23, 17, 11, …., –67 –6, –4, –2, 0, …., 16
BAB
5
a = 23, d = 17 − 23 = −6, l = –67
Tn = a + (n – 1)d gi a = –6, d = –4 − (–6) = 2, l = 16
Tn = a + (n – 1)d
an
= 23 + (n – 1)(–6) = –6 + (n – 1)(2)
= 29 – 6n = 2n – 8
29 – 6n = –67 2n – 8 = 16
l
6n = 96 2n = 24
Pe
n = 16 n = 12
S16 = n [a + l] S12 = n [a + l]
2 2
n
16
= [23 + (–67)] 12
= [–6 + 16]
2 2
ta
= 8(–44) = 6(10)
= –352 = 60
bi
(a) −15, −12, −9, …, 30 (b) 9, 4, –1, …, –86

er
a = −15, d = −12 − (−15) = 3, l = 30 a = 9, d = 4 − 9 = –5, l = –86

Tn = a + (n – 1)d Tn = a + (n – 1)d
n
= –15 + (n – 1)(3) = 9 + (n – 1)(–5)

Pe
= 3n – 18 = 14 – 5n
3n – 18 = 30 14 – 5n = –86
3n = 48 5n = 100
n = 16 n = 20
S16 = n [a + l] S20 = n [a + l]
2 2
= 16 [–15 + 30] = 20 [9 – 86]
2 2
= 120 = –770
82
7. Hitung hasil tambah sebutan tertentu yang berturutan bagi suatu janjang aritmetik.
Calculate the sum of specific number of consecutive terms in an arithmetic progression. 4
Contoh 1
3, 10, 17, …. (sebutan ke-7 hingga sebutan ke-12) S12 = T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + T5 + T6 + T7 + T8 + T9 + T10 + T11 + T12
(7th term to 12th term) S6 = T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + T5 + T6
\ S12 – S6 = T7 + T8 + T9 + T10 + T11 + T12
Penyelesaian: {Hasil tambah T7 hingga T12}
Kaedah 1/ Method 1 {Sum of T7 to T12}
a = 3, d = 10 − 3 = 7
.
hd
Kaedah 2/ Method 2
Hasil tambah T7 hingga T12/ Sum of T7 to T12 T7 = 3 + 6(7) = 45
= S12 – S6 T12 = 3 + 11(7) = 80
.B
45, …, 80 (6 sebutan/ terms)
= 12 [2(3) + 11(7)] – 6 [2(3) + 5(7)]
2 2 Hasil tambah T7 hingga T12/ Sum of T7 to T12
= 6(83) – 3(41) S6 = n [a + l]
dn
= 375 2
= 6 [45 + 80]
2
S
= 375
BAB

gi
(a) −22, −16, −10, … (sebutan ke-5 hingga sebutan ke-14) (b) –1, 4, 9, … (sebutan ke-4 hingga sebutan ke-12)
(5th term to 14th term) (4th term to 12th term) 5
an
a = −22, d = −16 − (−22) = 6 a = –1, d = 4 − (–1) = 5
l
Hasil tambah T5 hingga T14
Pe

= S14 – S4 = S12 – S3
= 14 [2(–22) + 13(6)] – 4 [2(–22) + 3(6)] = 12 [2(–1) + 11(5)] – 3 [2(–1) + 2(5)]
2 2 2 2
n
= 7(34) – 2(–26) = 6(53) – 12

ta
= 290 = 306
bi
er
9
(c) 6.7, 5.3, 3.9, … (sebutan ke-6 hingga sebutan ke-10) (d) 5, , 4, … (sebutan ke-9 hingga sebutan ke-16)
(6th term to 10th term) 2 (9th term to 16th term)
n
a = 5, d = 9 − 5 = –0.5
Pe
a = 6.7, d = 5.3 − 6.7 = −1.4

2
Hasil tambah T6 hingga T10 Hasil tambah T9 hingga T16
= S10 – S5 = S16 – S8
= 10 [2(6.7) + 9(–1.4)] – 5 [2(6.7) + 4(–1.4)] = 16 [2(5) + 15(–0.5)] – 8 [2(5) + 7(–0.5)]
2 2 2 2
= 5(0.8) – 19.5 = 8(2.5) – 4(6.5)
= –15.5 = –6
83
8. Selesaikan masalah berikut yang melibatkan janjang aritmetik.

Solve the following problems involving arithmetic progressions. 5
Contoh 1 (a) Diberi p, 3p – 1 dan 4p adalah tiga sebutan

berturut-turut bagi janjang aritmetik. Cari nilai
Diberi x + 3, 2x – 3 dan x – 5 adalah tiga sebutan bagi p.
berturut-turut bagi janjang aritmetik. Cari nilai Given that p, 3p – 1 and 4p are three consecutive terms
bagi x. of an arithmetic progression. Find the value of p.
Given that x + 3, 2x – 3 and x – 5 are three consecutive
terms of an arithmetic progressions. Find the value of x. 4p – (3p – 1) = 3p – 1 – p
.
Penyelesaian: p + 1 = 2p – 1
hd
2x – 3 – (x + 3) = x – 5 – (2x – 3) p = 2
2x – 3 – x – 3 = x – 5 – 2x + 3
x – 6 = –x – 2 Tip
.B
2x = 4
x = 2 d = Tn – Tn – 1
dn
Contoh 2 (b) Sebutan ke-n, Tn suatu janjang aritmetik diberi
sebagai Tn = 5n – 2. Cari hasil tambah 7 sebutan
S
Sebutan ke-n, Tn suatu janjang aritmetik diberi pertama janjang itu.
BAB
sebagai Tn = 4n + 7. Cari hasil tambah 5 sebutan The nth term, Tn of an arithmetic progression is given
pertama janjang itu.
5
The nth term, Tn of an arithmetic progression is given as
Tn = 4n + 7. Find the sum of the first 5 terms of the gi as Tn = 5n – 2. Find the sum of the first 7 terms of the
progression.
an
progression. Tn = 5n – 2
Penyelesaian: a = T1 = 5(1) – 2 = 3
Tn = 4n + 7 T2 = 5(2) – 2 = 8
l
d = T2 – T1 = 8 – 3 = 5
Pe
a = T1 = 4(1) + 7 = 11
T2 = 4(2) + 7 = 15
S7 = 7 [2(3) + 6(5)]
d = T2 – T1 = 15 – 11 = 4 2
= 126
S5 = 5 [2(11) + 4(4)]
n

2
ta
= 95
bi
Contoh 3 (c) Diberi hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi

janjang aritmetik –22, –16, –10, … ialah 132.
er
Diberi hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi janjang Cari nilai bagi n.
aritmetik 25, 18, 11, … ialah 4. Cari nilai bagi n. Given the sum of the first n term of the arithmetic
Given the sum of the first n term of the arithmetic progression –22, –16, –10, … is 132. Find the value
n
progression 25, 18, 11, … is 4. Find the value of n. of n.

Pe
Penyelesaian:
a = 25, d = 18 – 25 = –7 a = –22, d = –16 – (–22) = 6
Sn = n [2(25) + (n – 1)(–7)] Sn = n [2(–22) + (n – 1)(6)]
2 2
n n [–44 – 6 + 6n] = 132
[50 + 7 – 7n] = 4 2
2
7n2 – 57n + 8 = 0 6n2 – 50n – 264 = 0
(7n – 1)(n – 8) = 0 3n2 – 25n – 132 = 0
(3n + 11)(n – 12) = 0
n = 1 (tidak diterima/ not accepted), n = 8 n = – 11 (tidak diterima), n = 12
7 3
84
Contoh 4 (d) Dalam suatu janjang arimetrik, sebutan ke-5

ialah 13 dan sebutan ke-12 ialah 27. Cari sebutan
Dalam suatu janjang arimetrik, sebutan ke-6 pertama dan beza sepunya.
ialah 28 dan sebutan ke-10 ialah 16. Cari sebutan In an arithmetic progression, the 5th term is 13 and the
pertama dan beza sepunya. 12th term is 27. Find the first term and the common
In an arithmetic progression, the 6th term is 28 and the 10th difference.
term is 16. Find the first term and the common difference.
Penyelesaian:
T5 = 13 = a + 4d …… (i)
T6 = 28 = a + 5d …… (i) T12 = 27 = a + 11d ……(ii)
(ii) –(i): 7d = 14
.
T10 = 16 = a + 9d …… (ii)
hd
(ii) – (i): 4d = –12 d = 2
d = –3 13 = a + 4(2)
28 = a + 5(–3) a = 5
.B
a = 43
dn
Contoh 5 (e) Hasil tambah n sebutan pertama suatu janjang
Hasil tambah n sebutan pertama suatu janjang aritmetik diberi oleh Sn = 5 n2 – 9n. Hitung
2
S
aritmetik diberi oleh Sn = 3n2 + n. Hitung sebutan sebutan ke-5.
BAB
The sum of the first n term of an arithmetic progression
ke-6. 5
gi
is given by Sn = n2 – 9n. Calculate the 5th term.
The sum of the first n term of an arithmetic progression is 2
given by Sn = 3n2 + n. Calculate the 6th term.
T5 = S5 – S4 5
an
Penyelesaian:
T6 = S6 – S5 = 5 (5)2 – 9(5) – 5 (4)2 – 9(4)
3 4 3 4
Tip 2 2
= [3(6)2 + 6] – [3(5)2 + 5]
l
125
= 114 – 80 Tn = Sn – Sn – 1 = 3 4
– 45 – [40 – 36]
Pe
2
= 34
= 35 – 4
2
= 13.5
n
ta
Contoh 6 (f) Hasil tambah n sebutan pertama suatu janjang

aritmetik diberi oleh Sn = n (15 – 5n). Hitung
bi
Hasil tambah n sebutan pertama suatu janjang 2

aritmetik diberi oleh Sn = n(3 + 2n). Hitung sebutan sebutan pertama dan beza sepunya.
er
pertama dan beza sepunya. The sum of the first n term of an arithmetic progression
n
The sum of the first n term of an arithmetic progression is is given by Sn = (15 – 5n). Calculate the first term and
given by Sn = n(3 + 2n). Calculate the first term and the 2
n
the common difference.

common difference.
Sn = n (15 – 5n)
Pe
Penyelesaian: 2
Sn = n(3 + 2n) a = S1 = 1 [15 – 5(1)] = 5

a = S1 = 1[3 + 2(1)] = 5 2
\ a = 5 \ a = 5
S2 = 2[3 + 2(2)] = 14
S2 = 2 [15 – 5(2)] = 5
T2 = S2 – S1 2
= 14 – 5 = 9 T2 = S2 – S1
d = T2 – T1 = 9 – 5 = 5 – 5 = 0
\ d = 4 d = T2 – T1 = 0 – 5
\ d = –5
85
Contoh 7 (g) 4, 1, –2, … ialah suatu janjang aritmetik. Cari

nilai terkecil bagi n supaya sebutan ke-n adalah
3, 11 , 8, … ialah suatu janjang aritmetik. Cari nilai kurang daripada –60 untuk kali pertama.
2
terkecil bagi n supaya sebutan ke-n adalah lebih 4, 1, –2, … is are arithmetic progression. Find the
smallest value of n such that the nth term is less than
daripada 40 untuk kali pertama. –60 for the first time.
3, 11 , 8, … is an arithmetic progression. Find the smallest
2
value of n such that the nth term is greater than 40 for the
a = 4, d = 1 – 4 = –3
first time. Tn = a + (n – 1)d , –60
4 + (n – 1)(–3) , –60
.
hd
Penyelesaian: –3n , –60 – 3 – 4
a = 3, d = 11 – 3 = 5 –3n , –67
2 2 n . 22.33
Tn = a + (n – 1)d . 40
.B
\ n = 23
3 + (n – 1)( 5 ) . 40
2
3 + n – 5 . 40
5
dn

2 2
5 n . 40 – 3 + 5
2 2
S
5 79
BAB
n .
2 2
5
5n . 79
n . 15.8 gi
an
\ n = 16
l
(h)
Sebiji bola jatuh dari ketinggian 20 m. (i) Seutas tali dengan panjang 45 m dipotong
Pe
Setiap kali bola itu melantun ketinggiannya kepada beberapa bahagian supaya panjang setiap
berkurangan 0.3 m. Cari ketinggian lantunan bahagian membentuk suatu janjang aritmetik.
selepas lantunan ke-11. Panjang bahagian tali yang terpendek dan
n
A ball is dropped from a height 20 m. The height of terpanjang masing-masing ialah 50 cm dan 4 m.
each bounce decreases by 0.3 m. Find the height of Cari bilangan bahagian tali yang telah dipotong.
ta
bounce after the 11th bounce.

A piece of string with length 45 m is cut into several
pieces such that the length of the pieces forms arithmetic
20, 19.7, 19.4, 19.1, …
bi
progression. The length of the shortest piece and the

longest piece of string is 50 cm and 4 m respectively.
a = 20, d = –0.3 Find the number of pieces of strings that are cut.
er
T12 = 20 + 11(–0.3)
= 16.7 m a = 50 cm = 0.5 m, l = 4 m
n
Sn = n [a + l] = 45
2
Pe
n [0.5 + 4] = 45
2
n = 20
86
Janjang Geometri
5.2 Geometric Progressions
NOTA IMBASAN
1. Janjang Geometri (JG) ialah suatu urutan di mana 3. Hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi suatu janjang
nisbah antara sebarang dua sebutan yang berturutan geometri ialah
adalah sentiasa sama. Sum of the first n terms of a geometric progression is
Geometric Progression (GP) is a sequence where the ratio
.
Sn = a(1 – r )
n
between any two consecutive terms is always the same. untuk / for r , 1
hd
1–r
Urutan / Sequence : a ar ar2 ar3 ar4 atau / or
.B
Sn = a(r – 1)
n
Sebutan pertama dinamakan sebagai a. untuk / for r . 1
The first term is denoted as a. r–1
Nisbah sepunya / Common ratio
4. Hasil tambah beberapa sebutan berturutan dari
dn
T T T T
r = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = .... sebutan ke-m hingga sebutan ke-n bagi suatu janjang
T1 T2 T3 T4 geometri ialah
Tn
S
term of a geometric progression is
r= T
BAB
n–1
Sm – n = Sn – Sm – 1
2. Sebutan ke-n suatu janjang geometri ialah
The nth term of a geometric progression is
gi 5. Hasil tambah hingga ketakterhinggaan
5
an
Sum to infinity
Tn = ar n – 1 untuk/ for r ≠ 0 a
S∞ =
dengan a = sebutan pertama, r = nisbah sepunya 1–r
l
where a = first term, r = common ratio
Pe
n
9. Tentukan sama ada setiap yang berikut ialah janjang geometri atau bukan.
Determine whether each of the following is a geometric progression. 1
ta
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
bi
5, 10, 20, 40, … 4, –8, –16, 32,…

er
T2 T2
= 10 = 2 = –8 = –2
T1 5 T1 4
n
T3 T3
= 20 = 2 = –16 = 2
Pe
T2 10 T2 –8
T4 T4
= 40 = 2 = 32 = –2
T3 20 T3 –16
r = 2 ialah pemalar/ is a constant. r bukan pemalar/ is not a constant.
\ Ini ialah janjang geometri. \ Ini bukan janjang geometri.
\ This is a geometric progression. \ This is not a geometric progression.
87
(a) –27, –9, –3, –1, … (b) 2 , 4 , 6 , 12 , …

3 9 27 81
T2
= –9 = 1 T2
T1 –27 3 = 4 ÷ 2 = 2
T3 T1 9 3 3
= –3 = 1 T3
T2 –9 3 = 6 ÷ 4 = 1
T4 T2 27 9 2
= –1 = 1 T4
T3 –3 3 = 12 ÷ 6 = 2
.
T3 81 27 3
hd
r = 1 ialah pemalar.
3 r bukan pemalar.
.B
dn
10. Nyatakan sebutan pertama dan nisbah sepunya bagi setiap janjang geometri yang berikut.
State the first term and the common ratio for each of the following geometric progression. 2
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
S
2, –6, 18, −54, … 0.125, –0.5, 2, –8, …
BAB
5
Penyelesaian:
a=2 gi Penyelesaian:
a = 0.125
an
r = –6 = −3 r = –0.5 = – 4
2 0.125
l
Pe
(a) 5 , 5 , 5 , 5 , … (b) 84, 28, 9 1 , 3 1 , … (c) −6, −24, –96, –384, …

3 6 12 24 3 9
a= 5 a = 84 a = −6
n
3
r = 28 = 1 r = –24 = 4
r= 5 ÷ 5 = 1
ta
84 3 –6
6 3 2
bi
er
11. Tentukan nilai sebutan tertentu bagi janjang geometri yang berikut.
Determine the value of the specific term for the geometric progression. 3
n
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
Pe
4.8, 2.4, 1.2, 0.6 … ; cari sebutan ke-8. 7, 21, 63, 189, … ; cari sebutan ke-10.
a = 4.8, r = 2.4 = 0.5 a = 7, r = 21 = 3
4.8 7
T8 = ar8 – 1 T10 = ar9
= (4.8)(0.5)7 = (7)(3)9
= 0.0375 = 137 781
88
(a) –6, 18, –54, 162, … ; cari sebutan ke-7. (b) 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , … ; cari sebutan ke-9.
4 8 16 32 find the 9th term.
find the 7th term.
a = –6, r = 18 = −3 a= 1, r= 1 ÷ 1 = 1
–6 4 8 4 2
T7 = ar6 T9 = ar8
= (–6)(−3)6
= 1 1 1 21 2
8
= –4 374 4 2
.
= 1
hd
1 024
.B
12. Hitung bilangan sebutan bagi setiap janjang geometri yang berikut.
Calculate the number of terms in each of the following geometric progressions. 3
dn
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
1, –2, 4, –8, …, –512 2, 1, 1 , 1 , …, 1

2 4 64
S
BAB
a = 1, r = –2 = –2 a = 2, r = 1
1
–512 = (1)(–2)n − 1
gi 1
2
= (2) 1
1 2
n−1
5
an
(–2)9 = (–2)n – 1 64 2
n – 1 = 9 1 1
1 2
n−1
=
n = 10 128 2
l
1 = 1
1 2 1 2
7 n−1
Pe

2 2
n − 1 = 7
n = 8
n
(a) 7, 21, 63, 189, …, 1 701 (b) 3, −9, 27, –81, …., −6 561
ta
a = 7, r = 21 = 3 a = 3, r = –9 = –3
bi
7 3
1 701 = (7)(3)n − 1 –6 561 = (3)(–3)n − 1
243 = (3)n − 1 –2 187 = (–3)n − 1
er
(3)5 = (3)n – 1 (–3)7 = (–3)n – 1

n – 1 = 5 n – 1 = 7
n
n = 6 n = 8
Pe
(c) 0.6, –1.8, 5.4, –16.2, …, –11 809.8 (d) 1, 2 , 4 , 8 , …, 32

3 9 27 243
a = 0.6, r = –1.8 = –3 a = 1, r = 2
0.6 3
–11 809.8 = (0.6)(–3)n − 1 32 = (1) 2
1 2
n−1

–19 683 = (–3)n − 1 243 3
(–3)9 = (–3)n – 1 2 5 = 2 n − 1
n – 1 = 9

31 2 1 23
n = 10 n – 1 = 5
n = 6
89
13. Tentukan hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi suatu janjang geometri.
Determine the sum of the first n terms in a geometric progression. 3
Contoh 1 Contoh 2

256, 64, 16, 4, … (5 sebutan yang pertama) 7, 42, 252, 1 512, … (7 sebutan yang pertama)
a = 256, r = 64 = 1 a = 7, r = 42 = 6
256 4 7
.
a(r n
– 1)
Sn = a(1 – r )
n
hd
Sn =
1–r Tip 1–r Tip
S7 = 7[(6) – 1]
7
256 1 – 1
r,1
3 1 24
5
r.1
4 \ Sn = a(1 – r )
n
6–1
\ Sn = a(r – 1)
n
.B
S5 = 1–r
1– 1 = 391 909 r–1
4
dn
= 341
(a) –3, 6, –12, 24, … (6 sebutan yang pertama) (b) 0.3, 1.2, 4.8, 19.2, ... (5 sebutan yang pertama)
S
BAB
5
a = –3, r = 6 = −2
–3 gi a = 0.3, r = 1.2 = 4
0.3
an
Sn = a(1 – r ) Sn = a(r – 1)
n n

1–r r–1
S6 = (–3)[1 – (–2)6] S6 = 0.3[(4) 5
– 1]
l
1 – (–2) 4–1
Pe
= 63 = 102.3
n
14. Hitung hasil tambah sebutan tertentu yang berturutan bagi suatu janjang geometri.
ta
Calculate the sum of specific number of consecutive terms in a geometric progression. 4
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
bi

8, 12, 18, 27, …. 51.2, 12.8, 3.2, 0.8, …
(sebutan ke-6 hingga sebutan ke-10) (sebutan ke-5 hingga sebutan ke-9)
er
(6th term to 10th term) (5th term to 9th term)

n
a = 8, r = 12 = 1.5 a = 51.2, r = 12.8 = 1

8 51.2 4
Pe
Hasil tambah T6 hingga T10 / Sum of T6 to T10 Hasil tambah T5 hingga T9/ Sum of T5 to T9
= S10 – S5 = S9 – S4
= 8[(1.5) – 1] − 8[(1.5) – 1]
10 5
51.2 1 – 1
3 1 24 51.2 1 – 1
3 1 24
9 4
1.5 – 1 1.5 – 1 4 4
= –
1 1
= 58 025 – 211
64 2
1–
4 1 2 1–
4 1 2
= 51 273 = 68.2664 – 68
64 = 0.2664
90
(a) 1, 1 , 1 , 1 , … (sebutan ke-7 hingga sebutan ke-12) (b) 4, 5, 25 , 125 , … (sebutan ke-5 hingga sebutan ke-10)
2 4 8 (7th term to 12th term) 4 16 (5th term to 10th term)
1 a = 4, r = 5
a = 1, r = 2 = 1 4
1 2
Hasil tambah T7 hingga T12 = S10 – S4
= S12 – S6
4 5 –1 31 2 4 4 5 –131 2 4
10 4
.
1 12 1
3 1 2 4 3 1 24
6
4 4
hd
11– 11– = −
= 2 − 2 5 –1 5 –1
1 1
1– 1 2
2
1– 1 2
2
4 4
= 133.01 – 23.06
.B
= 4 095 – 63 = 109.95
2 048 32
= 63
dn
2 048
S
15. Tentukan bilangan sebutan, n, bagi janjang geometri yang berikut.
BAB
Determine the number of terms, n, of the following geometric progressions. 4
Contoh 1
Sn = 1 275, a = 5, r = 2 gi
Contoh 2
Sn = 189 , a = 6, r = 1 5
an

16 2
l
5[(2) – 1] = 1 275
n
61– 1 3 1 24
n
Pe
2–1
2 = 189
2n = 256 1 16
1–
2n = 28 2
n = 8
1 12 2 = 64
1
n
n

ta
1 12 2 = 1 12 2
n 6

bi
n = 6
er
(a) Sn = 1 107 3 , a = 84, r = 3 (b) Sn = 21 845 , a = 1 , r = 4

4 2 64 64
n
84 3 – 131 2 4
n
Pe
1 [(4)n – 1]
2 = 4 431 64
3 –1 4 = 21 845
2 4–1 64
3 n = 243 4n = 65 536

2 32 1 2 4n = 48
n = 8
1 32 2 = 1 32 2
n 5

n = 5
91
Contoh 3 Contoh 4

Sn . 1 602, a = 1.5, r = 1.5 Sn , 2 570, a = 8, r = 2
1.5[(1.5) – 1] . 1 602 8[(2)n – 1] , 2 570

n

1.5 – 1 2–1
1.5n . 535 2n , 322.25
n log10 1.5 . log10 535 n log10 2 , log10 322.25
.
log10 535 log10 322.25
hd
n . n ,
log10 1.5 log10 2
n . 15.49 n , 8.33
n = 16 n = 8
.B
(c) Sn . 96, a = 4 , r = 3 (d) Sn , 30, a = 23, r = 0.3
dn
5
4 (3n – 1) 23(1 – 0.3n) , 30

5 . 96 1 – 0.3
S
3–1 0.3n . 0.087
BAB
3n . 241
n log10 0.3 . log10 0.087
5
n log10 3 . log10 241
n .
log10 241 gi n ,
log10 0.087
log10 0.3
an
log10 3
n , 2.028
n . 4.99 n = 2
n = 5
l
Pe
16. Tentukan hasil tambah hingga ketakterhinggaan sesuatu janjang geometri.

Determine the sum to infinity of a geometric progression. 3
n
Contoh 1 Contoh 2

ta
100, 50, 25, … 150, 60, 24, 9 3 , …

5
Penyelesaian:
bi
Penyelesaian:
a = 100, r = 50 = 1
100 2 a = 150, r = 60 = 0.4
150
er
S∞ = 100
1– 1 S∞ = 150
2 1 – 0.4
n
= 200 = 250
Pe
(a) 72, 36, 18, 9, … (b) 0.51, 0.0051, 0.000051, … (c) 8, 2, 1 , 1 , …

2 8
a = 72, r = 36 = 1 a = 0.51, r = 0.0051 = 0.01 a = 8, r = 2 = 1
72 2 0.51 8 4
72 0.51 S∞ = 8
S∞ = S∞ =
1– 1 1 – 0.01 1– 1
2 4
= 17 32
= 144 33 =
3
92
17. Ungkapkan nombor perpuluhan jadi semula berikut dalam pecahan termudah.
Express the following recurring decimals as a fraction in its simplest form. 4
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
0.5555… 0.313131….
0.5 + 0.05 + 0.005 + 0.0005 + … 0.31 + 0.0031 + 0.000031 + …
a = 0.5, r = 0.05 = 1 a = 0.5, r = 0.0031 = 1
0.5 10 0.31 100
.
hd
S∞ = 0.5 S∞ = 0.31
1– 1 1– 1
10 100
= 5 = 31
.B
9 99
dn
(a) 0.8888… (b) 0.454545… (c) 0.132132…
0.8 + 0.08 + 0.008 + 0.0008 + … 0.45 + 0.0045 + 0.000045 + … 0.132 + 0.000132 + …
S
a = 0.8, r = 0.08 = 1 a = 0.45, r = 0.0045 = 1 a = 0.132, r = 0.000132 = 1
BAB
0.8 10 0.45 100 0.132 1 000
S∞ = 0.8
1– 1
S∞ = 0.45
1– 1 gi S∞ = 0.132
1– 1 5
an
10 100 1 000
= 8 = 5 = 44
9 11 333
l
Pe
18. Selesaikan masalah berikut yang melibatkan janjang geometri.

Solve the problems involving geometric progressions. 5
n
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
ta

Diberi 4p + 7, p + 4 dan –p + 8 adalah tiga sebutan Dalam suatu janjang geometri, Tn = 3n + 1, cari
yang berturut-turut bagi janjang geometri, cari nilai- sebutan pertama dan nisbah sepunya.
bi
nilai yang mungkin bagi p. In a geometric progression, Tn = 3n + 1. Find the first term
Given 4p + 7, p + 4 and –p + 8 are three consecutive terms and the common ratio.
er
in a geometric progression, find the possible values of p.

Penyelesaian:
Penyelesaian: a = T1 = 31 + 1
n
p + 4 = –p + 8 = 32

4p + 7 p+4 = 9
Pe
(p + 4) = (4p + 7)(–p + 8)
2
T2 = 32 + 1
p2 + 8p + 16 = –4p2 + 32p – 7p + 56 = 33
5p2 – 17p – 40 = 0 = 27
(5p + 8)(p – 5) = 0
p = – 8 atau p = 5 r = 27
5 9
r=3
93
(a) Diberi m – 4, m dan 5m – 12 adalah tiga sebutan (b) Dalam suatu janjang geometri, Tn = 2n + 3, cari
pertama yang positif, bagi janjang geometri, sebutan pertama dan nisbah sepunya.
cari nisbah sepunya dan sebutan kelima. In a geometric progression, Tn = 2n + 3, find the first term
Given m – 4, m and 5m – 12 are the first three positive and the common ratio.
terms in a geometric progression, find the common
ratio and the fifth term. Tn = 2n + 3
m = 5m – 12 a = T1 = 21 + 3
m–4 m = 24
m2 = (5m – 12)(m – 4)
= 16
.
m2 = 5m2 – 20m – 12m + 48
hd
4m – 32m + 48 = 0
2 T2 = 22 + 3
m2 – 8m + 12 = 0 = 25
(m – 6)(m – 2) = 0 = 32
.B
m = 6 atau m = 2 (tidak diterima)
Bila m = 6: 2, 6, 18, … r = 32
16
r = 6
dn
= 2
2
= 3
S
T5 = 2(3)4
BAB
= 162
5
gi
l an
Pe
Contoh 3 Contoh 4

Dalam suatu janjang geometri, sebutan kedua Diberi suatu janjang geometri 7, 14, 28, 56, ….
ialah –1 dan sebutan kelima ialah 1 , cari sebutan Cari nilai terkecil bagi n apabila hasil tambah
n
pertama dan nisbah sepunya. 27 n sebutan yang pertama adalah lebih daripada
350.
ta
In a geometric progression, the second term is –1 and the

fifth term is 1 , find the first term and the common ratio. Given a geometric progression 7, 14, 28, 56, …. Find
27 the smallest value of n when the sum of the first n
bi
terms is greater than 350.

Penyelesaian:
T2 = ar = –1 …… (i) Penyelesaian:
er
T5 = ar 4 = 1 …… (ii) a = 7, r = 14 = 2,
27 7
7[(2)n
– 1]
(ii) ÷ (i): r3 = – 1
n
. 350
27 2–1
2 . 51
Pe
r3 = – 1 1 2
3
3 n log10 2 . log10 51
log10 51
\ r = – 1 n .
3 log10 2
n . 5.672
Gantikan nilai r dalam (i): a – 1 = –1
1 2
3 \ n = 6
Replace r into (i)
\ a = 3
94
(c) Dalam suatu janjang geometri, sebutan ke-3 (d) Diberi suatu janjang geometri 16, 24, 36, … .
ialah 12 dan sebutan ke-7 ialah 192. cari Cari nilai terkecil bagi n di mana hasil tambah
sebutan pertama dan nisbah sepunya. n sebutan yang pertama adalah lebih daripada
In a geometric progression, the 3rd term is 12 and the 2 000.
7th term is 192, find the first term and the common Given a geometric progression 16, 24, 36, …. Find the
ratio. smallest value of n such that the sum of the first n terms
is greater than 2 000.
T3 = ar2 = 12 …… (i)
T7 = ar6 = 192 …… (ii) a = 16, r = 24 = 1.5
16
.
(ii) ÷ (i): r 4 = 16
hd
16[(1.5)

n
– 1)] . 2 000
r 4 = (2)4
1.5 – 1
\ r = 2
1.5 . 63.5
n
n log10 1.5 . log10 63.5
.B
Gantikan nilai r dalam (i): a(2)2 = 12
n . 10.24
\ a = 3
\ n = 11
dn
Contoh 5 (e) Jadual menunjukkan keuntungan yang disimpan
S
oleh Encik Zarul pada tiga tahun yang pertama,
BAB
Keuntungan sebuah kedai bertambah 5% setiap mulai tahun 2009. Dia tidak membuat sebarang
gi
tahun. Jika keuntungan kedai itu ialah RM30 000 pengeluaran dalam tempoh 10 tahun.
pada tahun 2011, cari Table shows the profit kept by Encik Zarul for the first
The profit of a shop increases 5% every year. If the profit of three years, starting in the year 2009. He will not make 5
an
the shop is RM30 000 in the year 2011, find any withdrawals in the next 10 years.
(a) keuntungan kedai itu pada tahun 2015,
the profit of the shop in the year 2015, Pada akhir tahun Keuntungan (RM)
l
(b) jumlah keuntungan kedai itu dari tahun 2011 At the end of year Profit (RM)
Pe
hingga tahun 2018. 2009 4 000

the total profit of the shop from the year 2011 to the
year 2018. 2010 4 200
2011 4 410
n
Penyelesaian:
Keuntungan Encik Zarul bertambah bagi tahun-
ta
a = 30 000, r = 105% = 1.05

Tn = arn tahun berikutnya dan nilai keuntungan pada
akhir setiap tahun membentuk suatu janjang
bi
(a) T5 = 30 000(1.05)4 geometri.

= RM36 465.19 Encik Zarul’s profits increase for the subsequent years
and the amount of money at the end of each year forms
er
(b) Sn = a(r – 1)
n
a geometric progression.
r–1 (i) Nyatakan nisbah sepunya keuntungannya.
n
State the common ratio for his profit.

= (1.05 – 1)
n
1.05 – 1 (ii) Hitung nilai keuntungan pada hujung tahun

Pe
ke-10.
S8 = 30 000(1.05 – 1)
8
Calculate the amount of his profit at the end of 10
1.05 – 1 years.
= RM286 473.27
(i) r = 4 200 = 1.05
4 000
(ii) T10 = 4 000(1.05)9
= RM6 205.31
95
PRAKTIS SPM 5
Kertas 1 3. Diberi bahawa sebutan ketiga bagi suatu janjang
geometri melebihi sebutan kedua sebanyak 30a.
1. Diberi bahawa sebutan ke-n bagi suatu janjang Cari nilai-nilai nisbah sepunya, r, dengan keadaan
5r n – 1 , r ≠ h. a ialah sebutan pertama bagi janjang itu.
2017 geometri ialah Tn =
4
.
Given that the third term of a geometric progression
hd
It is given that the nth term of a geometric progression is exceeds the second term by 30a. Find the values
Tn = 5r
n–1
, r ≠ h. of common ratio, r, where a is the first term of the
4 progression.
Nyatakan / State
.B
T2 = ar , T3 = ar2
(b) nilai h.
the value of h. T3 − T2 = ar2 − ar = 30a
(b) sebutan pertama janjang ini. r2 − r = 30
dn
the first term of the progression. r − r − 30 = 0
2
(r − 6)(r + 5) = 0
(a) h = 0 \ r = 6 , −5
S
(b) a = T1 = 5r
1–1
BAB
4 4. Diberi bahawa 2m, 4 dan 6n ialah tiga sebutan
5
= 5
4 gi 2018
pertama bagi suatu janjang geometri. Ungkapkan
dalam sebutan n,
an
It is given that 2m, 4 and 6n are the first three terms of a
geometric progression. Express in terms of n,
(a) sebutan pertama dan nisbah sepunya janjang
l
2. Diberi bahawa hasil tambah n sebutan pertama itu,
Pe
the first term and the common ratio of the progression,

n (18 – 8n).
2017 bagi suatu janjang aritmetik ialah Sn = (b) hasil tambah sebutan hingga ketakterhinggaan
Cari sebutan ke-n. 2
janjang itu.
Given that the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic the sum to infinity of the progression.
n
progression is Sn = n (18 – 8n). Find the nth term.

2
(a) 4 = 6n
ta
2m 4
a = T1 = S1 = 1 [18 – 8(1)] 16
2 2m = → a= 8
bi
6n 3n
a = 5
m = 4
S2 = 2 [18 – 8(2)] 3n
er
2
= 2 r = 4 = 4 = 3n
2m 2 4
1 2 2
n
T2 = S2 – S1 3n
= 2 – 5
(b) S∞ = a
Pe
= –3 1–r
d = T2 – T1 8
= –3 – 5 = 3n
= –8 1 – 3n
1 2
2
Tn = 5 + (n – 1)(–8) 8
= 5 + 8 – 8n = × 2
3n 2 – 3n
Tn = 13 – 8n 16
=
6n – 9n2
96
5. Diberi 0.459459459… = 0.459 + p + q + … dengan 7. Ahmad mempunyai RM60. Dia mula menyimpan
2013
keadaan p dan q ialah pemalar. Cari 2016
RM5 setiap hari. Kumar mempunyai RM48 dan dia
Given that 0.459459459… = 0.459 + p + q + … where p mula menyimpan RM7 setiap hari. Selepas berapa
and q are constants. Find harikah jumlah simpanan mereka adalah sama?
(a) nilai p dan nilai q, Ahmad has RM60. He starts to save RM5 each day.
the value of p and of q, Kumar has RM48 and he starts to save RM7 every day.
(b) nisbah sepunya janjang itu. After how many days their savings are the same?
the common ratio of the progression.
Ahmad: a = 60, d = 5
(a) p = 0.000459 Tn = 60 + (n – 1)5
.
q = 0.000000459 = 5n + 55 …… 1
hd
Kumar: a = 48, d = 7
(b) r = 0.000459 Tn = 48 + (n – 1)7
0.459 = 7n + 41 …… 2
.B
= 0.001 1 = 2 : 5n + 55 = 7n + 41
14 = 2n
n = 7
dn
\ Jumlah simpanan mereka sama selepas 7 hari.
6. Seutas dawai dengan panjang 6.66 m dipotong 8. Bryan mengambil masa 1 minit untuk berbasikal
S
kepada beberapa bahagian. Setiap bahagian akan 2016
sejauh 900 m yang pertama. Dia tidak dapat
BAB
2015
membentuk satu segi tiga sama sisi. Rajah 5.1 mengekalkan staminanya, maka bagi setiap 900 m
menunjukkan tiga buah segi tiga sama sisi yang
pertama yang telah dibentuk.
gi yang berikutnya, dia mengambil 1 lebih masa
10
berbanding dengan masa yang diambil untuk 5
an
A wire with the length of 6.66 m is cut into several pieces.
Each piece is to form an equilateral triangle. Diagram 5.1 900 m yang sebelumnya. Dia merancang untuk
shows the first three triangles formed. berbasikal sejauh 18 km dalam 30 minit. Adakah
dia mampu melakukannya? Tunjukkan pengiraan
l
untuk menyokong jawapan anda.
Pe
8 cm 8 cm Bryan took 1 minute to cycle the first 900 m. He could

5 cm 5 cm not sustain his stamina thus for each subsequent 900 m,
2 cm 2 cm
he took 1 more time as compared to the time he took
2 cm 5 cm 8 cm 10
n
for the previous 900 m. He planned to cycle a distance

Rajah 5.1 / Diagram 5.1 of 18 km in 30 minutes. Could he achieve it? Show your
ta
calculation to support your answer.

Berapa buah segi tiga sama sisi yang boleh
dibentuk? n = 18 km
bi
900 m
How many equilateral triangles can be formed?
= 18 000 m
900 m
er
6, 15, 24, …
= 20
a = 6
d = 15 – 6 = 9 Masa yang diambil, dalam s,
n
Sn = n [2(6) + (n – 1)(9)] = 666 60, 60 + 1 (60), 60 + 1 (60) + 1 [60 + 1 (60)], …

2 10 10 10 10
Pe
n[12 – 9 + 9n] = 1 332 60, 66, 72.6, …

9n2 + 3n – 1 332 = 0 a = 60, r = 1.1, n = 20
S20 = 60(1.1 – 1)
20
3n2 + n – 444 = 0
(3n + 37)(n – 12) = 0 1.1 – 1
= 3 436.5 saat
n = – 37 (tidak diterima) atau n = 12 = 57.27 minit
3
\ n = 12 = 57 minit 16.5 saat
Bryan tidak mampu melakukannya sebab dia
12 segi tiga sama sisi boleh dibentuk. mengambil masa lebih daripada 30 minit untuk
berbasikal sejauh 18 km.
97
1 , 1 dan 1 The diagram above shows a circle with centre O which

9. Diberi bahawa ialah tiga is divided into 10 sectors. The angles of the sectors form a
x–3 x+3 4x + 3
2016 sebutan berturutan bagi suatu janjang geometri progression with the first term of 18°. State
(a) sama ada janjang itu ialah suatu janjang
dengan nisbah sepunya 1 . Cari
3 aritmetik atau janjang geometri,
It is given that 1 , 1 and 1 are three whether the progression is an arithmetic progression
x–3 x+3 4x + 3 or a geometric progression,
consecutive terms of a geometric progression with a
(b) nilai k,
common ratio 1 . Find the value of k,
3
(a) nilai x, (c) hasil tambah semua sebutan dalam janjang itu.
.
the value of x, the sum of all terms in the progression.
hd
(b) sebutan pertama jika 1 ialah sebutan ke-10
x–3 (a) 18, 22, 26, k, …
janjang itu.
Janjang itu ialah janjang aritmetik dengan
the first term if 1 is the 10th term of the progression.
.B
x–3 a = 18, d = 22 – 18 = 4
(a) Nisbah sepunya:
(b) T4 = a + 3d
1 ÷ 1 = 1
dn
k = 18 + 3(4)
x+3 x–3 3
∴ k = 30
x – 3 = 1
x+3 3
(c) S10 = 10 [2(18) + 9(4)] = 360 atau
S
3x – 9 = x + 3
2
BAB
2x = 12
S10 = 360 (Sudut bagi putaran lengkap suatu
5

1
(b) T10 =
x–3
x = 6
gi bulatan ialah 360°.)
an
ar9 = 1
6–3
a( 1 )9 = 1
l

3 3
Pe
11. Esther baru sahaja menamatkan pengajian sarjana

a = 1 ÷ ( 1 )9 muda dan mendapat tawaran kerja daripada
3 3 2014
a = 3–1 ÷ 3–9 2 buah syarikat. Syarikat A menawarkan gaji
permulaan RM40 000 setahun dengan kenaikan
n

a = 3–1 – (–9)
= 38 tahunan sebanyak 6% daripada gaji pokok.
ta
= 6 561 Syarikat B menawarkan gaji permulaan RM36 000

setahun dengan kenaikan tahunan 10% daripada
gaji pokok. Esther bercadang untuk memilih
bi
syarikat yang menawarkan jumlah pendapatan

10. yang paling tinggi dan menabung sebanyak 25%
er
daripada gajinya untuk melanjutkan pelajaran

2014
selepas bekerja selama 7 tahun.
18°
n
22° Syarikat manakah yang patut Esther pilih?

26° Berapakah jumlah tabungan untuk melanjutkan
Pe
k° pelajarannya?
O [Bundarkan jawapan anda kepada RM terhampir]
Esther has just completed her studies in bachelor degree
and is offered a job in 2 companies. Company A offered
her an initial salary of RM40 000 per annum with 6%
yearly increment from the basic salary. Company B
offered an initial salary of RM36 000 per annum with 10%
Rajah di atas menunjukkan sebuah bulatan yearly increment from the basic salary. Esther decided to
dengan pusat O dibahagi kepada 10 sektor. Sudut choose the company which offered higher income and
sektor-sektor itu membentuk suatu janjang save 25% of her salary for further studies after working
for 7 years.
dengan sebutan pertama 18°. Nyatakan
98
Which company should Esther choose? How much total Kertas 2

savings she kept for her studies?
[Round off your answer to the nearest RM] 1. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan susunan kuboid-
kuboid yang mempunyai luas tapak yang sama,
Syarikat A: a = 40 000, r = 1.06 16 cm2. Diberi tinggi kuboid yang pertama ialah
40 cm dan tinggi setiap kuboid yang berikutnya
S7 = 40 000(1.06 – 1)
7
1.06 – 1 berkurangan sebanyak 2 cm.

≈ RM335 754 [Isi padu kuboid = luas tapak × tinggi]
The diagram below shows the arrangement of cuboids
with same area of base, 16 cm2. Given that the height
.
Syarikat B: a = 36 000, r = 1.1 of the first cuboid is 40 cm and the height of each
hd
subsequent cuboid decreases by 2 cm.
S7 = 36 000(1.1 – 1)
7
[Volume of cuboid = area of base × height]
1.1 – 1
≈ RM341 538
.B
\ Syarikat B dipilih.
Jumlah tabungan = RM341 538 × 25%
dn
40 cm 38 cm
≈ RM85 385 36 cm 34 cm
BAB
16 cm2
gi (a) Hitung isi padu, dalam cm3, kuboid yang ke-9.

Calculate the volume, in cm3, of the 9th cuboid.
5
an
12. Diameter batang sepohon pokok bertambah 4% (b) Diberi bahawa jumlah isi padu bagi n kuboid
yang pertama ialah 5 280 cm3. Cari nilai n.
KBAT setiap tahun. Diberi bahawa diameter batang
It is given that the total volume of the first n cuboids
BUKAN pokok itu pada awalnya ialah t cm. Selepas n
is 5 280 cm3. Find the value of n.
l
RUTIN
tahun, diameter batang pokok itu melebihi dua
Pe
kali ganda daripada diameter awalnya. Cari nilai Tinggi kuboid membentuk janjang aritmetik:
minimum bagi n. 40, 38, 36, 34, …, dengan a = 40, d = −2
The diameter of the stem of a tree increases 4% every (a) Tinggi kuboid ke-9, T9 = 40 + 8(−2)
n
year. Given that the initial diameter of the stem is t cm. = 24 cm

After n years, the diameter of the stem is more than two
Isi padu kuboid ke-9 = 16 × 24
ta
times of its initial diameter. Find the minimum value

of n. = 384 cm3
(b) Jumlah isi padu bagi n kuboid yang pertama
bi
a = t, r = 104% = 1.04 = (16 × 40)+ (16 × 38)+ (16 × 36)+ … + (16 × Tn)
Tn . 2a, = 16 (40 + 38 + 36 + … + Tn)
er
t(1.04) . 2t
n–1 = 16 (Sn)
(1.04)n – 1 . 2 = 16 n (2(40) + (n – 1)(–2))
3 4
n
2
log10 (1.04)n – 1 . log10 2
= 16(41n – n2)
Pe
(n – 1) log10 1.04 . log10 2

Diberi jumlah isi padu bagi n kuboid yang
n . 18.67
pertama = 5 280 cm3
\ Nilai minimum, n = 19 16(41n – n2) = 5 280
41n – n2 = 330
n – 41n + 330 = 0
2
(n – 11)(n – 30) = 0
n = 11, 30
\ Ketinggian tidak boleh dalam negatif, maka
n ≠ 30 kerana T30 , 0. Jadi, n = 11.
99
2. Diberi bahawa … , 96, x, 1 536, … ialah sebahagian 3. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada
daripada suatu janjang geometri. Hasil tambah 2017
dinding berbentuk segi empat tepat yang di cat
empat sebutan pertama janjang itu ialah 510. dengan warna hitam, B, putih, W dan merah, R
Given that …, 96, x, 1 536, … is part of a geometric secara berselang seli. Tinggi dinding ialah 3 m.
progression. The sum of the first four terms of the Panjang sisi segi empat tepat berwarna yang
progression is 510.
pertama ialah 6 cm dan panjang sisi bagi setiap
Cari / Find
segi empat tepat berwarna berikutnya bertambah
(a) nisbah sepunya,
sebanyak 2 cm.
the common ratio, Diagram 5.2 shows part of a rectangular wall coloured
(b) sebutan pertama, with black, B, white, W and red, R subsequently. The
.
the first term,
hd
height of the wall is 3 m. The side length of the first
(c) nilai n yang paling kecil supaya sebutan ke-n coloured rectangle is 6 cm and the side length of each
melebihi 20 000. subsequent coloured rectangle increases by 2 cm.
the smallest value of n such that the nth term exceeds
.B
20 000. B W R B W R B W
Janjang Geometri : …, 96, x, 1 536, …
dn
(a) x = 1 536
96 x Rajah 5.2 / Diagram 5.2
x2 = 147 456 Diberi bahawa jumlah segi empat tepat berwarna
S
x = 384 ialah 48.
BAB
It is given that the total number of the coloured rectangles

nisbah sepunya, r = 384 = 4
(b) S4 = 510
96
gi are 48.
(a) Cari / Find
an
(i) panjang sisi, dalam cm, bagi segi empat
a(r4 – 1) = 510 tepat yang terakhir.
the side length, in cm, of the last coloured
r–1
rectangle.
l
– 1) = 510
a(4 4
Pe
4–1 (ii) jumlah panjang, dalam cm, dinding yang

a(255) = 510 dicat.
total length, in cm, of the painted wall.
3
(b) Segi empat tepat berwarna yang keberapakah
a = 510(3)
n
255 mempunyai keluasan 8 400 cm2?

Seterusnya, nyatakan warna bagi segi empat
ta
a = 6
tepat berkenaan.
Which coloured rectangle has an area of 8 400 cm2?
(c) Tn . 20 000
bi
Hence, state the colour of that particular rectangle.

arn – 1 . 20 000
6(4)n – 1 . 20 000 (a) 6, 8, 10, …
er
4n – 1 . 20 000 (i) T48 = 6 + 47(2) = 100

6
1
log10 4n – 1 . log10 20 000 2 (ii) S48 = 48 (6 + 100)
n
6 2
Pe
= 2 544
1
log10 20 000
6
2 (b) T1 = 6 × 300 = 1 800
n – 1 .
log10 4 T2 = 8 × 300 = 2 400
n – 1 . 5.851 T3 = 10 × 300 = 3 000
n . 6.851 a = 1 800, d = 2 400 – 1 800 = 600
\ Nilai n yang terkecil ialah 7. Tn = 1 800 + (n – 1)(600) = 8 400
n – 1 = 11
n = 12
Segi empat tepat ke-12, merah. (Gandaan 3)
100
4. Hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi suatu janjang 5.

5n(n – 55) . KBAT
2015 aritmetik, Sn diberi oleh Sn =
2 BUKAN
The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic progression, RUTIN
Sn is given by Sn = 5n(n – 55) . …

2
Cari / Find
(b) hasil tambah 9 sebutan pertama.
the sum of the first 9 terms.
Rajah di atas menunjukkan empat blok pertama
(b) sebutan pertama dan beza sepunya. yang dibentuk daripada beberapa unit kubus
.
the first term and the common difference.
hd
dengan setiap satunya mempunyai panjang
(c) nilai p, diberi bahawa sebutan ke-p adalah
sisi 1 cm. Blok-blok kubus itu disusun dengan
sebutan positif pertama bagi janjang itu.
the value of p, given that pth term is the first positive keadaan perimeter bahagian berlorek setiap blok
membentuk suatu janjang.
.B
term of the progression.
The diagram above shows the first four blocks which are
formed from a few unit cubes where each cube has a
(a) S9 = 5n(n – 55) length of side 1 cm. The cube blocks are arranged such
dn
2
that the perimeter of the shaded part of each block forms
S9 = 5(9)(9 – 55)
a progression.
2
(a) Cari perimeter bahagian berlorek bagi blok
= –1 035
S
pepejal ke-100.
Find the perimeter of shaded part of the 100th block.
BAB

(b) a = S1 = 5(1)(1 – 55) (b) Hitung bilangan kubus yang diperlukan untuk
gi
2
= –135 membentuk blok pepejal ke-100.
Calculate the number of cubes required to form the
5
an
S2 = 5(2)(2 – 55) 100th block.
2
= –265 (a)
l
T2 = S2 – S1
Pe
= –265 – (–135)
= –130 …
d = T2 – T1
Perimeter ialah J.A.: 4, 8, 12, 16, … dengan
= –130 – (–135)
n
a = 4, d = 4
= 5
Perimeter blok ke-100
ta
(c) Tp = –135 + (p – 1)(5) . 0 T100 = 4 + 99(4)

p – 1 . 27 = 400 cm
bi
p . 28 (b) Bilangan kubus bagi blok ke-100

p = 29 = 1 + 2 + 3 + … + 100
er
= 100 (1 + 100)
2
= 5 050
n
Pe
101
Sudut KBAT
1. Dinesh menyimpan RMP dalam akaun simpanan tetap pada awal setiap tahun. Faedah sebanyak x%
setahun dibayar pada akhir tahun. Faedah yang diperoleh disimpan di dalam akaunnya.
Dinesh saves RMP in a fixed deposit account at the beginning of each year. An interest of x% per annum is paid at the end
of the year. The interest earned is saved in the account.
(a) Tunjukkan bahawa jumlah simpanan, dalam RM, pada akhir tahun ke-n (termasuk faedah pada tahun
ke-n) ialah
.
hd
Show that the total savings, in RM, at the end of the nth year (including interest at the nth year) is
P11 + 100 2311 + x 2 – 14

n
x 100
(b) Diberi P = 50 000 dan x = 6, hitung jumlah simpanan pada akhir tahun ke-8.
.B
Given that P = 50 000 and x = 6, calculate the total savings at the end of the 8th year.
Sn = a(r – 1)
n
(a) T1 = P + P1 x 2
100 r–1
dn
x x n–1
= P11 + x 2 P11 + 2311 + 100 2 4
100 100
=
T2 = P11 + x 2 × 11 + x 2 1+ x –1
S
100 100 100
BAB
x x
= P11 + 2
2
1 2
1+
5 T3 = P11 + x 2
100
3
gi
= P
x
100 x n–1
311 + 100 2 4
an
100 100
= P11 + 100 2311 + x 2 – 14

n
(b) Jumlah simpanan, S8
x 100
= 50 000 11 + 100 2311 + 6 2 – 14
8
l
6 100
Pe
= RM524 565.80
2. Sebuah syarikat elektrik menjual 24 buah mesin basuh pada minggu pertama Januari tahun 2018. Penjualan
n
mesin basuh bertambah sebanyak 2 buah setiap minggu.

An electric company sells 24 washing machines in the first week of January in 2018. The weekly sales increase by 2
ta
machines per week.

(a) Cari bilangan mesin basuh yang dijual pada akhir minggu Disember 2018,
Find the number of washing machines sold in the last week of December 2018,
bi
(b) Cari jumlah mesin basuh yang dijual pada tahun 2018.
Find the total number of washing machine sold in 2018.
er
(c) Bilakah mesin basuh yang ke-150 dijual?

When was 150th washing machine sold?
(a) 24, 26, 28, … (c) Sn = n [2a + (n – 1)d] = 150
n
a = 24, d = 2 2
n[2(24) + (n – 1)2] = 300
Pe
n = 48
T48 = 24 + 47(2) n(48 + 2n – 2) = 300
= 118 2n2 + 46n – 300 = 0
n2 + 23n – 150 = 0
(b) S48 = 48 (24 + 118) a = 1, b = 23, c = –150
2
n = –23 ± √23 – 4(1)(–150)
2 +
= 3 408 2(1) +
n = 5.3 atau –28.3 (tidak diterima) + KBAT Ekstra

Maka, mesin basuh yang ke-150 dijual selepas 5.3 minggu
iaitu pertengahan bulan Februari 2018.
102
Module &
MORE
Additional Mathematics
ANSWERS
Chapter 5
B
BA
Janjang
5 Progressions
Analisis Soalan SPM

Kertas 2017 2018
Janjang Aritmetik
5.1 Arithmetic Progressions
1
2
3
3
3
3
.
hd
NOTA IMBASAN
.B
1. Janjang Aritmetik (JA) ialah suatu urutan di mana beza 3. Hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi suatu janjang
antara sebarang dua sebutan yang berturutan adalah aritmetik ialah
sentiasa sama. Sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic progression is
dn
Arithmetic Progression (AP) is a sequence where the
difference between any two consecutive terms is always the same. Sn = n [2a + (n – 1)d] atau / or Sn = n (a + l )
2 2
Urutan / Sequence : a a + d a + 2d a + 3d a + 4d dengan l = sebutan terakhir
S
where l = last term
Sebutan pertama dinamakan sebagai a
The first term is denoted as a. 4. Hasil tambah beberapa sebutan berturutan dari
Beza sepunya / Common difference,
d = T2 − T1 = T3 − T2 = T4 − T3 = T5 − T4 = ....
gi sebutan ke-m hingga sebutan ke-n bagi suatu janjang
aritmetik ialah
an
d = Tn – Tn – 1 term of an arithmetic progression is
Sm → n = Sn – Sm – 1
l
2. Sebutan ke-n suatu janjang aritmetik ialah
Pe
The n term of an arithmetic progression is

th
Tn = a + (n − 1)d
dengan a = sebutan pertama, d = beza sepunya NOTA
n
where a = first term, d = common difference

ta
bi
1. Tentukan sama ada setiap yang berikut ialah janjang aritmetik atau bukan.
Determine whether each of the following is an arithmetic progression. 1
er
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
n
4, 8, 12, 16, … 4, 1, −2, −6, …

Pe
T2 − T1 = 8 − 4 = 4 T2 − T1 = 1 − 4 = −3
T3 − T2 = 12 − 8 = 4 T3 − T2 = −2 − 1 = −3
T4 − T3 = 16 − 12 = 4 T4 − T3 = −6 − (−2) = −4
d = 4 ialah pemalar/ is a constant. d bukan pemalar/ is not a constant.

\ Ini ialah janjang aritmetik. \ Ini bukan janjang aritmetik.
\ This is an aritmetic progression. \ This is not an aritmetic progression.
79
(a) −2, 1, 4, 7, … (b) 1 , 2 1 , 5 1 , 7 1 , … (c) 2p – 1, p, 1, 2 – p, …

2 2 2 2
T2 − T1 = 1 − (−2) = 3 T2 − T1 = p − (2p – 1) = 1 – p
T2 − T1 = 2 1 − 1 = 2
T3 − T2 = 4 − 1 = 3 2 2 T3 − T2 = 1 – p
T4 − T3 = 7 − 4 = 3 T3 − T2 = 5 1 − 2 1 = 3 T4 − T3 = 2 – p − 1 = 1 – p
2 2
d = 3 is
ialah pemalar.
a constant. T4 − T3 = 7 − 5 1 = 2
1 d = 1 – p ialah pemalar.
is a constant.
Ini ialah
\ This janjang aritmetik.
is an arithmetic 2 2 \ Ini
Thisialah janjang aritmetik.
is an arithmetic
.
progression. d bukan pemalar.
is not a constant. progression.
hd
Thisbukan
\ Ini is not an arithmetic
janjang aritmetik.
progression.
.B
2. Nyatakan sebutan pertama dan beza sepunya bagi setiap janjang aritmetik yang berikut.
State the first term and the common difference for each of the following arithmetic progression. 2
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
dn
−2, 1, 4, 7, … 3, –1, –5, −9, …
S
a = –2 a=3
BAB
d = 1 − (−2) = 3 d = –1 − 3 = −4
5
gi
(b) 1 , 1 , 2 , 5 , …
an
(a) 3, 8, 13, 18, … (c) 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.1, …
3 2 3 6
a=3 a= 1 a = 1.2
3
l
d=8−3=5 d = 1.5 − 1.2 = 0.3
Pe
d= 1 − 1 = 1
2 3 6
n
3. Tentukan nilai sebutan tertentu bagi janjang aritmetik yang berikut.

Determine the value of the specific term for the arithmetic progression. 3
ta
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
bi
4, 2, 0, –2, … ; cari sebutan ke-7. –7, –3, 1, 5, … ; cari sebutan ke-9.

er
a = 4, d = 2 − 4 = –2 a = –7, d = –3 − (–7) = 4
T7 = a + (7 − 1)d T9 = a + (9 − 1)d
n
= 4 + 6(–2) = –7 + 8(4)
= –8 = 25
Pe
(a) −20, −17, −14, −11, … ; cari sebutan ke-10. (b) 2.5, 3.2, 3.9, 4.6, … ; cari sebutan ke-6.
a = −20, d = −17 − (−20) = 3 a = 2.5, d = 3.2 − 2.5 = 0.7

T10 = a + (10 – 1)d T6 = a + (6 – 1)d
= –20 + 9(3) = 2.5 + 5(0.7)
= 7 = 6
80
4. Hitungkan bilangan sebutan bagi setiap janjang aritmetik yang berikut.

Calculate the number of terms in each of the following arithmetic progressions. 3
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
4.1, 4.7, 5.3, 5.9, …, 11.3 3y, –y, –5y, …, –65y

a = 4.1, d = 4.7 − 4.1 = 0.6 a = 3y, d = –y − 3y = –4y
Tn = a + (n − 1)d Tn = a + (n − 1)d
= 4.1 + (n − 1)(0.6) = 3y + (n − 1)(–4y)
.
= 0.6n + 3.5 = 7y − 4ny
hd
0.6n + 3.5 = 11.3 –4ny + 7y = –65y
0.6n = 7.8 –4ny = –72y
n = 13 n = 18
.B
(a) −11, −7, −3, …, 125 (b) 17, 13, 9, …, –31
dn
a = −11 , d = −7 − (−11) = 4 a = 17, d = 13 − 17 = −4
Tn = a + (n − 1)d Tn = a + (n − 1)d
= –11 + (n – 1)(4) = 17 + (n − 1)( −4)
= 4n − 15 = −4n + 21
BAB
4n – 15 = 125 –4n + 21 = –31
gi
4n = 140 4n = 52
n = 35 n = 13
5
an
(c) 1 , 2 , 3 , …, 14 (d) 3m, m, –m, –3m, …, −13m
5 5 5 5
l
a= 1 ,d= 2 − 1 = 1 a = 3m , d = m − 3m = −2m
Pe
5 5 5 5 Tn = a + (n − 1)d
Tn = a + (n − 1)d = 3m + (n − 1)( −2m)
= 1 + (n – 1)( 1 ) = 5m – 2nm
5 5
n
5m – 2mn = –13m
= 1 n
5 2nm = 18m
ta
1 n = 14 2n = 18
5 5 n = 9
n = 14
bi
5. Tentukan hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi suatu janjang aritmetik.

er
Determine the sum of the first n terms in an arithmetic progression. 3
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
n
3, 5, 7, 9, … (12 sebutan yang pertama) 5, 2, –1, –4, … (10 sebutan yang pertama)
Pe

a = 3, d = 5 − 3 = 2 a = 5, d = 2 − 5 = −3
S12 = n [2a + (n – 1)d] Sn = n [2a + (n – 1)d]
2 2
= 12 [2(3) + 11(2)] S10 = 10 [2(5) + 9(–3)]
2 2
= 6(6 + 22) = 5(10 – 27)
= 168 = –85
81
(a) −15, −11, −7, −3, … (16 sebutan yang pertama) (b) 19, 14, 9, 4, … (14 sebutan yang pertama)
a = −15, d = −11 − (−15) = 4 a = 19, d = 14 − 19 = –5

S16 = n [2a + (n – 1)d] S14 = n [2a + (n – 1)d]
2 2
= 16 [2(–15) + 15(4)] 14
2 = [2(19) + 13(–5)]
2
= 8(–30 + 60)
.
= 7(38 – 65)
hd
= 240 = –189
.B
6. Tentukan hasil tambah sebutan tertentu yang berturutan bagi suatu janjang aritmetik.
dn
Determine the sum of specific number of consecutive terms in an arithmetic progression. 3
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
S
23, 17, 11, …., –67 –6, –4, –2, 0, …., 16
BAB
5
a = 23, d = 17 − 23 = −6, l = –67
Tn = a + (n – 1)d gi a = –6, d = –4 − (–6) = 2, l = 16
Tn = a + (n – 1)d
an
= 23 + (n – 1)(–6) = –6 + (n – 1)(2)
= 29 – 6n = 2n – 8
29 – 6n = –67 2n – 8 = 16
l
6n = 96 2n = 24
Pe
n = 16 n = 12
S16 = n [a + l] S12 = n [a + l]
2 2
n
16
= [23 + (–67)] 12
= [–6 + 16]
2 2
ta
= 8(–44) = 6(10)
= –352 = 60
bi
(a) −15, −12, −9, …, 30 (b) 9, 4, –1, …, –86

er
a = −15, d = −12 − (−15) = 3, l = 30 a = 9, d = 4 − 9 = –5, l = –86

Tn = a + (n – 1)d Tn = a + (n – 1)d
n
= –15 + (n – 1)(3) = 9 + (n – 1)(–5)

Pe
= 3n – 18 = 14 – 5n
3n – 18 = 30 14 – 5n = –86
3n = 48 5n = 100
n = 16 n = 20
S16 = n [a + l] S20 = n [a + l]
2 2
= 16 [–15 + 30] = 20 [9 – 86]
2 2
= 120 = –770
82
7. Hitung hasil tambah sebutan tertentu yang berturutan bagi suatu janjang aritmetik.
Calculate the sum of specific number of consecutive terms in an arithmetic progression. 4
Contoh 1
3, 10, 17, …. (sebutan ke-7 hingga sebutan ke-12) S12 = T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + T5 + T6 + T7 + T8 + T9 + T10 + T11 + T12
(7th term to 12th term) S6 = T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + T5 + T6
\ S12 – S6 = T7 + T8 + T9 + T10 + T11 + T12
Penyelesaian: {Hasil tambah T7 hingga T12}
Kaedah 1/ Method 1 {Sum of T7 to T12}
a = 3, d = 10 − 3 = 7
.
hd
Kaedah 2/ Method 2
Hasil tambah T7 hingga T12/ Sum of T7 to T12 T7 = 3 + 6(7) = 45
= S12 – S6 T12 = 3 + 11(7) = 80
.B
45, …, 80 (6 sebutan/ terms)
= 12 [2(3) + 11(7)] – 6 [2(3) + 5(7)]
2 2 Hasil tambah T7 hingga T12/ Sum of T7 to T12
= 6(83) – 3(41) S6 = n [a + l]
dn
= 375 2
= 6 [45 + 80]
2
S
= 375
BAB

gi
(a) −22, −16, −10, … (sebutan ke-5 hingga sebutan ke-14) (b) –1, 4, 9, … (sebutan ke-4 hingga sebutan ke-12)
(5th term to 14th term) (4th term to 12th term) 5
an
a = −22, d = −16 − (−22) = 6 a = –1, d = 4 − (–1) = 5
l
Hasil T5 to T14 T5 hingga T14
Sum oftambah
Pe
Hasil
Sum oftambah
T4 to T12 T4 hingga T12
= S14 – S4 = S12 – S3
= 14 [2(–22) + 13(6)] – 4 [2(–22) + 3(6)] = 12 [2(–1) + 11(5)] – 3 [2(–1) + 2(5)]
2 2 2 2
n
= 7(34) – 2(–26) = 6(53) – 12

ta
= 290 = 306
bi
er
9
(c) 6.7, 5.3, 3.9, … (sebutan ke-6 hingga sebutan ke-10) (d) 5, , 4, … (sebutan ke-9 hingga sebutan ke-16)
(6th term to 10th term) 2 (9th term to 16th term)
n
a = 5, d = 9 − 5 = –0.5
Pe
a = 6.7, d = 5.3 − 6.7 = −1.4

2
Hasil
Sum oftambah
T6 to T10 T6 hingga T10 Hasil T9 to T16 T9 hingga T16
Sum oftambah
= S10 – S5 = S16 – S8
= 10 [2(6.7) + 9(–1.4)] – 5 [2(6.7) + 4(–1.4)] = 16 [2(5) + 15(–0.5)] – 8 [2(5) + 7(–0.5)]
2 2 2 2
= 5(0.8) – 19.5 = 8(2.5) – 4(6.5)
= –15.5 = –6
83
8. Selesaikan masalah berikut yang melibatkan janjang aritmetik.

Solve the following problems involving arithmetic progressions. 5
Contoh 1 (a) Diberi p, 3p – 1 dan 4p adalah tiga sebutan

berturut-turut bagi janjang aritmetik. Cari nilai
Diberi x + 3, 2x – 3 dan x – 5 adalah tiga sebutan bagi p.
berturut-turut bagi janjang aritmetik. Cari nilai Given that p, 3p – 1 and 4p are three consecutive terms
bagi x. of an arithmetic progression. Find the value of p.
Given that x + 3, 2x – 3 and x – 5 are three consecutive
terms of an arithmetic progressions. Find the value of x. 4p – (3p – 1) = 3p – 1 – p
.
Penyelesaian: p + 1 = 2p – 1
hd
2x – 3 – (x + 3) = x – 5 – (2x – 3) p = 2
2x – 3 – x – 3 = x – 5 – 2x + 3
x – 6 = –x – 2 Tip
.B
2x = 4
x = 2 d = Tn – Tn – 1
dn
Contoh 2 (b) Sebutan ke-n, Tn suatu janjang aritmetik diberi
sebagai Tn = 5n – 2. Cari hasil tambah 7 sebutan
S
Sebutan ke-n, Tn suatu janjang aritmetik diberi pertama janjang itu.
BAB
sebagai Tn = 4n + 7. Cari hasil tambah 5 sebutan The nth term, Tn of an arithmetic progression is given
pertama janjang itu.
5
The nth term, Tn of an arithmetic progression is given as
Tn = 4n + 7. Find the sum of the first 5 terms of the gi as Tn = 5n – 2. Find the sum of the first 7 terms of the
progression.
an
progression. Tn = 5n – 2
Penyelesaian: a = T1 = 5(1) – 2 = 3
Tn = 4n + 7 T2 = 5(2) – 2 = 8
l
d = T2 – T1 = 8 – 3 = 5
Pe
a = T1 = 4(1) + 7 = 11
T2 = 4(2) + 7 = 15
S7 = 7 [2(3) + 6(5)]
d = T2 – T1 = 15 – 11 = 4 2
= 126
S5 = 5 [2(11) + 4(4)]
n

2
ta
= 95
bi
Contoh 3 (c) Diberi hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi

janjang aritmetik –22, –16, –10, … ialah 132.
er
Diberi hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi janjang Cari nilai bagi n.
aritmetik 25, 18, 11, … ialah 4. Cari nilai bagi n. Given the sum of the first n term of the arithmetic
Given the sum of the first n term of the arithmetic progression –22, –16, –10, … is 132. Find the value
n
progression 25, 18, 11, … is 4. Find the value of n. of n.

Pe
Penyelesaian:
a = 25, d = 18 – 25 = –7 a = –22, d = –16 – (–22) = 6
Sn = n [2(25) + (n – 1)(–7)] Sn = n [2(–22) + (n – 1)(6)]
2 2
n n [–44 – 6 + 6n] = 132
[50 + 7 – 7n] = 4 2
2
7n2 – 57n + 8 = 0 6n2 – 50n – 264 = 0
(7n – 1)(n – 8) = 0 3n2 – 25n – 132 = 0
(3n + 11)(n – 12) = 0
n = 1 (tidak diterima/ not accepted), n = 8 n = – 11 (tidak diterima), n = 12
(not accepted),
7 3
84
Contoh 4 (d) Dalam suatu janjang arimetrik, sebutan ke-5

ialah 13 dan sebutan ke-12 ialah 27. Cari sebutan
Dalam suatu janjang arimetrik, sebutan ke-6 pertama dan beza sepunya.
ialah 28 dan sebutan ke-10 ialah 16. Cari sebutan In an arithmetic progression, the 5th term is 13 and the
pertama dan beza sepunya. 12th term is 27. Find the first term and the common
In an arithmetic progression, the 6th term is 28 and the 10th difference.
term is 16. Find the first term and the common difference.
Penyelesaian:
T5 = 13 = a + 4d …… (i)
T6 = 28 = a + 5d …… (i) T12 = 27 = a + 11d ……(ii)
(ii) –(i): 7d = 14
.
T10 = 16 = a + 9d …… (ii)
hd
(ii) – (i): 4d = –12 d = 2
d = –3 13 = a + 4(2)
28 = a + 5(–3) a = 5
.B
a = 43
dn
Contoh 5 (e) Hasil tambah n sebutan pertama suatu janjang
Hasil tambah n sebutan pertama suatu janjang aritmetik diberi oleh Sn = 5 n2 – 9n. Hitung
2
S
aritmetik diberi oleh Sn = 3n2 + n. Hitung sebutan sebutan ke-5.
BAB
The sum of the first n term of an arithmetic progression
ke-6. 5
gi
is given by Sn = n2 – 9n. Calculate the 5th term.
The sum of the first n term of an arithmetic progression is 2
given by Sn = 3n2 + n. Calculate the 6th term.
T5 = S5 – S4 5
an
Penyelesaian:
T6 = S6 – S5 = 5 (5)2 – 9(5) – 5 (4)2 – 9(4)
3 4 3 4
Tip 2 2
= [3(6)2 + 6] – [3(5)2 + 5]
l
125
= 114 – 80 Tn = Sn – Sn – 1 = 3 4
– 45 – [40 – 36]
Pe
2
= 34
= 35 – 4
2
= 13.5
n
ta
Contoh 6 (f) Hasil tambah n sebutan pertama suatu janjang

aritmetik diberi oleh Sn = n (15 – 5n). Hitung
bi
Hasil tambah n sebutan pertama suatu janjang 2

aritmetik diberi oleh Sn = n(3 + 2n). Hitung sebutan sebutan pertama dan beza sepunya.
er
pertama dan beza sepunya. The sum of the first n term of an arithmetic progression
n
The sum of the first n term of an arithmetic progression is is given by Sn = (15 – 5n). Calculate the first term and
given by Sn = n(3 + 2n). Calculate the first term and the 2
n
the common difference.

common difference.
Sn = n (15 – 5n)
Pe
Penyelesaian: 2
Sn = n(3 + 2n) a = S1 = 1 [15 – 5(1)] = 5

a = S1 = 1[3 + 2(1)] = 5 2
\ a = 5 \ a = 5
S2 = 2[3 + 2(2)] = 14
S2 = 2 [15 – 5(2)] = 5
T2 = S2 – S1 2
= 14 – 5 = 9 T2 = S2 – S1
d = T2 – T1 = 9 – 5 = 5 – 5 = 0
\ d = 4 d = T2 – T1 = 0 – 5
\ d = –5
85
Contoh 7 (g) 4, 1, –2, … ialah suatu janjang aritmetik. Cari

nilai terkecil bagi n supaya sebutan ke-n adalah
3, 11 , 8, … ialah suatu janjang aritmetik. Cari nilai kurang daripada –60 untuk kali pertama.
2
terkecil bagi n supaya sebutan ke-n adalah lebih 4, 1, –2, … is are arithmetic progression. Find the
smallest value of n such that the nth term is less than
daripada 40 untuk kali pertama. –60 for the first time.
3, 11 , 8, … is an arithmetic progression. Find the smallest
2
value of n such that the nth term is greater than 40 for the
a = 4, d = 1 – 4 = –3
first time. Tn = a + (n – 1)d , –60
4 + (n – 1)(–3) , –60
.
hd
Penyelesaian: –3n , –60 – 3 – 4
a = 3, d = 11 – 3 = 5 –3n , –67
2 2 n . 22.33
Tn = a + (n – 1)d . 40
.B
\ n = 23
3 + (n – 1)( 5 ) . 40
2
3 + n – 5 . 40
5
dn

2 2
5 n . 40 – 3 + 5
2 2
S
5 79
BAB
n .
2 2
5
5n . 79
n . 15.8 gi
an
\ n = 16
l
(h)
Sebiji bola jatuh dari ketinggian 20 m. (i) Seutas tali dengan panjang 45 m dipotong
Pe
Setiap kali bola itu melantun ketinggiannya kepada beberapa bahagian supaya panjang setiap
berkurangan 0.3 m. Cari ketinggian lantunan bahagian membentuk suatu janjang aritmetik.
selepas lantunan ke-11. Panjang bahagian tali yang terpendek dan
n
A ball is dropped from a height 20 m. The height of terpanjang masing-masing ialah 50 cm dan 4 m.
each bounce decreases by 0.3 m. Find the height of Cari bilangan bahagian tali yang telah dipotong.
ta
bounce after the 11th bounce.

A piece of string with length 45 m is cut into several
pieces such that the length of the pieces forms arithmetic
20, 19.7, 19.4, 19.1, …
bi
progression. The length of the shortest piece and the

longest piece of string is 50 cm and 4 m respectively.
a = 20, d = –0.3 Find the number of pieces of strings that are cut.
er
T12 = 20 + 11(–0.3)
= 16.7 m a = 50 cm = 0.5 m, l = 4 m
n
Sn = n [a + l] = 45
2
Pe
n [0.5 + 4] = 45
2
n = 20
86
Janjang Geometri
5.2 Geometric Progressions
NOTA IMBASAN
1. Janjang Geometri (JG) ialah suatu urutan di mana 3. Hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi suatu janjang
nisbah antara sebarang dua sebutan yang berturutan geometri ialah
adalah sentiasa sama. Sum of the first n terms of a geometric progression is
Geometric Progression (GP) is a sequence where the ratio
.
Sn = a(1 – r )
n
between any two consecutive terms is always the same. untuk / for r , 1
hd
1–r
Urutan / Sequence : a ar ar2 ar3 ar4 atau / or
.B
Sn = a(r – 1)
n
Sebutan pertama dinamakan sebagai a. untuk / for r . 1
The first term is denoted as a. r–1
Nisbah sepunya / Common ratio
4. Hasil tambah beberapa sebutan berturutan dari
dn
T T T T
r = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = .... sebutan ke-m hingga sebutan ke-n bagi suatu janjang
T1 T2 T3 T4 geometri ialah
Tn
S
term of a geometric progression is
r= T
BAB
n–1
Sm – n = Sn – Sm – 1
2. Sebutan ke-n suatu janjang geometri ialah
The nth term of a geometric progression is
gi 5. Hasil tambah hingga ketakterhinggaan
5
an
Sum to infinity
Tn = ar n – 1 untuk/ for r ≠ 0 a
S∞ =
dengan a = sebutan pertama, r = nisbah sepunya 1–r
l
where a = first term, r = common ratio
Pe
n
9. Tentukan sama ada setiap yang berikut ialah janjang geometri atau bukan.
Determine whether each of the following is a geometric progression. 1
ta
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
bi
5, 10, 20, 40, … 4, –8, –16, 32,…

er
T2 T2
= 10 = 2 = –8 = –2
T1 5 T1 4
n
T3 T3
= 20 = 2 = –16 = 2
Pe
T2 10 T2 –8
T4 T4
= 40 = 2 = 32 = –2
T3 20 T3 –16
r = 2 ialah pemalar/ is a constant. r bukan pemalar/ is not a constant.
\ This is a geometric progression. \ This is not a geometric progression.
87
(a) –27, –9, –3, –1, … (b) 2 , 4 , 6 , 12 , …

3 9 27 81
T2
= –9 = 1 T2
T1 –27 3 = 4 ÷ 2 = 2
T3 T1 9 3 3
= –3 = 1 T3
T2 –9 3 = 6 ÷ 4 = 1
T4 T2 27 9 2
= –1 = 1 T4
T3 –3 3 = 12 ÷ 6 = 2
.
T3 81 27 3
hd
r = 1 ialah
is a constant.
pemalar.
3 r bukan pemalar.
is not a constant.
\ Ini
Thisialah janjang geometri.
is an arithmetic \ Ini
This is not anjanjang
bukan geometri.
arithmetic
progression.
.B
progression.
dn
10. Nyatakan sebutan pertama dan nisbah sepunya bagi setiap janjang geometri yang berikut.
State the first term and the common ratio for each of the following geometric progression. 2
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
S
2, –6, 18, −54, … 0.125, –0.5, 2, –8, …
BAB
5
Penyelesaian:
a=2 gi Penyelesaian:
a = 0.125
an
r = –6 = −3 r = –0.5 = – 4
2 0.125
l
Pe
(a) 5 , 5 , 5 , 5 , … (b) 84, 28, 9 1 , 3 1 , … (c) −6, −24, –96, –384, …

3 6 12 24 3 9
a= 5 a = 84 a = −6
n
3
r = 28 = 1 r = –24 = 4
r= 5 ÷ 5 = 1
ta
84 3 –6
6 3 2
bi
er
11. Tentukan nilai sebutan tertentu bagi janjang geometri yang berikut.
Determine the value of the specific term for the geometric progression. 3
n
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
Pe
4.8, 2.4, 1.2, 0.6 … ; cari sebutan ke-8. 7, 21, 63, 189, … ; cari sebutan ke-10.
a = 4.8, r = 2.4 = 0.5 a = 7, r = 21 = 3
4.8 7
T8 = ar8 – 1 T10 = ar9
= (4.8)(0.5)7 = (7)(3)9
= 0.0375 = 137 781
88
(a) –6, 18, –54, 162, … ; cari sebutan ke-7. (b) 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , … ; cari sebutan ke-9.
4 8 16 32 find the 9th term.
find the 7th term.
a = –6, r = 18 = −3 a= 1, r= 1 ÷ 1 = 1
–6 4 8 4 2
T7 = ar6 T9 = ar8
= (–6)(−3)6
= 1 1 1 21 2
8
= –4 374 4 2
.
= 1
hd
1 024
.B
12. Hitung bilangan sebutan bagi setiap janjang geometri yang berikut.
Calculate the number of terms in each of the following geometric progressions. 3
dn
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
1, –2, 4, –8, …, –512 2, 1, 1 , 1 , …, 1

2 4 64
S
BAB
a = 1, r = –2 = –2 a = 2, r = 1
1
–512 = (1)(–2)n − 1
gi 1
2
= (2) 1
1 2
n−1
5
an
(–2)9 = (–2)n – 1 64 2
n – 1 = 9 1 1
1 2
n−1
=
n = 10 128 2
l
1 = 1
1 2 1 2
7 n−1
Pe

2 2
n − 1 = 7
n = 8
n
(a) 7, 21, 63, 189, …, 1 701 (b) 3, −9, 27, –81, …., −6 561
ta
a = 7, r = 21 = 3 a = 3, r = –9 = –3
bi
7 3
1 701 = (7)(3)n − 1 –6 561 = (3)(–3)n − 1
243 = (3)n − 1 –2 187 = (–3)n − 1
er
(3)5 = (3)n – 1 (–3)7 = (–3)n – 1

n – 1 = 5 n – 1 = 7
n
n = 6 n = 8
Pe
(c) 0.6, –1.8, 5.4, –16.2, …, –11 809.8 (d) 1, 2 , 4 , 8 , …, 32

3 9 27 243
a = 0.6, r = –1.8 = –3 a = 1, r = 2
0.6 3
–11 809.8 = (0.6)(–3)n − 1 32 = (1) 2
1 2
n−1

–19 683 = (–3)n − 1 243 3
(–3)9 = (–3)n – 1 2 5 = 2 n − 1
n – 1 = 9

31 2 1 23
n = 10 n – 1 = 5
n = 6
89
13. Tentukan hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi suatu janjang geometri.
Determine the sum of the first n terms in a geometric progression. 3
Contoh 1 Contoh 2

256, 64, 16, 4, … (5 sebutan yang pertama) 7, 42, 252, 1 512, … (7 sebutan yang pertama)
a = 256, r = 64 = 1 a = 7, r = 42 = 6
256 4 7
.
a(r n
– 1)
Sn = a(1 – r )
n
hd
Sn =
1–r Tip 1–r Tip
S7 = 7[(6) – 1]
7
256 1 – 1
r,1
3 1 24
5
r.1
4 \ Sn = a(1 – r )
n
6–1
\ Sn = a(r – 1)
n
.B
S5 = 1–r
1– 1 = 391 909 r–1
4
dn
= 341
(a) –3, 6, –12, 24, … (6 sebutan yang pertama) (b) 0.3, 1.2, 4.8, 19.2, ... (5 sebutan yang pertama)
S
BAB
5
a = –3, r = 6 = −2
–3 gi a = 0.3, r = 1.2 = 4
0.3
an
Sn = a(1 – r ) Sn = a(r – 1)
n n

1–r r–1
S6 = (–3)[1 – (–2)6] S6 = 0.3[(4) 5
– 1]
l
1 – (–2) 4–1
Pe
= 63 = 102.3
n
14. Hitung hasil tambah sebutan tertentu yang berturutan bagi suatu janjang geometri.
ta
Calculate the sum of specific number of consecutive terms in a geometric progression. 4
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
bi

8, 12, 18, 27, …. 51.2, 12.8, 3.2, 0.8, …
(sebutan ke-6 hingga sebutan ke-10) (sebutan ke-5 hingga sebutan ke-9)
er
(6th term to 10th term) (5th term to 9th term)

n
a = 8, r = 12 = 1.5 a = 51.2, r = 12.8 = 1

8 51.2 4
Pe
Hasil tambah T6 hingga T10 / Sum of T6 to T10 Hasil tambah T5 hingga T9/ Sum of T5 to T9
= S10 – S5 = S9 – S4
= 8[(1.5) – 1] − 8[(1.5) – 1]
10 5
51.2 1 – 1
3 1 24 51.2 1 – 1
3 1 24
9 4
1.5 – 1 1.5 – 1 4 4
= –
1 1
= 58 025 – 211
64 2
1–
4 1 2 1–
4 1 2
= 51 273 = 68.2664 – 68
64 = 0.2664
90
(a) 1, 1 , 1 , 1 , … (sebutan ke-7 hingga sebutan ke-12) (b) 4, 5, 25 , 125 , … (sebutan ke-5 hingga sebutan ke-10)
2 4 8 (7th term to 12th term) 4 16 (5th term to 10th term)
1 a = 4, r = 5
a = 1, r = 2 = 1 4
1 2
Hasil T5 to T10 T5 hingga T10
Sum oftambah
Hasil
Sum oftambah
T7 to T12 T7 hingga T12 = S10 – S4
= S12 – S6
4 5 –1 31 2 4 4 5 –131 2 4
10 4
.
1 12 1
3 1 2 4 3 1 24
6
4 4
hd
11– 11– = −
= 2 − 2 5 –1 5 –1
1 1
1– 1 2
2
1– 1 2
2
4 4
= 133.01 – 23.06
.B
= 4 095 – 63 = 109.95
2 048 32
= 63
dn
2 048
S
15. Tentukan bilangan sebutan, n, bagi janjang geometri yang berikut.
BAB
Determine the number of terms, n, of the following geometric progressions. 4
Contoh 1
Sn = 1 275, a = 5, r = 2 gi
Contoh 2
Sn = 189 , a = 6, r = 1 5
an

16 2
l
5[(2) – 1] = 1 275
n
61– 1 3 1 24
n
Pe
2–1
2 = 189
2n = 256 1 16
1–
2n = 28 2
n = 8
1 12 2 = 64
1
n
n

ta
1 12 2 = 1 12 2
n 6

bi
n = 6
er
(a) Sn = 1 107 3 , a = 84, r = 3 (b) Sn = 21 845 , a = 1 , r = 4

4 2 64 64
n
84 3 – 131 2 4
n
Pe
1 [(4)n – 1]
2 = 4 431 64
3 –1 4 = 21 845
2 4–1 64
3 n = 243 4n = 65 536

2 32 1 2 4n = 48
n = 8
1 32 2 = 1 32 2
n 5

n = 5
91
Contoh 3 Contoh 4

Sn . 1 602, a = 1.5, r = 1.5 Sn , 2 570, a = 8, r = 2
1.5[(1.5) – 1] . 1 602 8[(2)n – 1] , 2 570

n

1.5 – 1 2–1
1.5n . 535 2n , 322.25
n log10 1.5 . log10 535 n log10 2 , log10 322.25
.
log10 535 log10 322.25
hd
n . n ,
log10 1.5 log10 2
n . 15.49 n , 8.33
n = 16 n = 8
.B
(c) Sn . 96, a = 4 , r = 3 (d) Sn , 30, a = 23, r = 0.3
dn
5
4 (3n – 1) 23(1 – 0.3n) , 30

5 . 96 1 – 0.3
S
3–1 0.3n . 0.087
BAB
3n . 241
n log10 0.3 . log10 0.087
5
n log10 3 . log10 241
n .
log10 241 gi n ,
log10 0.087
log10 0.3
an
log10 3
n , 2.028
n . 4.99 n = 2
n = 5
l
Pe
16. Tentukan hasil tambah hingga ketakterhinggaan sesuatu janjang geometri.

Determine the sum to infinity of a geometric progression. 3
n
Contoh 1 Contoh 2

ta
100, 50, 25, … 150, 60, 24, 9 3 , …

5
Penyelesaian:
bi
Penyelesaian:
a = 100, r = 50 = 1
100 2 a = 150, r = 60 = 0.4
150
er
S∞ = 100
1– 1 S∞ = 150
2 1 – 0.4
n
= 200 = 250
Pe
(a) 72, 36, 18, 9, … (b) 0.51, 0.0051, 0.000051, … (c) 8, 2, 1 , 1 , …

2 8
a = 72, r = 36 = 1 a = 0.51, r = 0.0051 = 0.01 a = 8, r = 2 = 1
72 2 0.51 8 4
72 0.51 S∞ = 8
S∞ = S∞ =
1– 1 1 – 0.01 1– 1
2 4
= 17 32
= 144 33 =
3
92
17. Ungkapkan nombor perpuluhan jadi semula berikut dalam pecahan termudah.
Express the following recurring decimals as a fraction in its simplest form. 4
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
0.5555… 0.313131….
0.5 + 0.05 + 0.005 + 0.0005 + … 0.31 + 0.0031 + 0.000031 + …
a = 0.5, r = 0.05 = 1 a = 0.5, r = 0.0031 = 1
0.5 10 0.31 100
.
hd
S∞ = 0.5 S∞ = 0.31
1– 1 1– 1
10 100
= 5 = 31
.B
9 99
dn
(a) 0.8888… (b) 0.454545… (c) 0.132132…
0.8 + 0.08 + 0.008 + 0.0008 + … 0.45 + 0.0045 + 0.000045 + … 0.132 + 0.000132 + …
S
a = 0.8, r = 0.08 = 1 a = 0.45, r = 0.0045 = 1 a = 0.132, r = 0.000132 = 1
BAB
0.8 10 0.45 100 0.132 1 000
S∞ = 0.8
1– 1
S∞ = 0.45
1– 1 gi S∞ = 0.132
1– 1 5
an
10 100 1 000
= 8 = 5 = 44
9 11 333
l
Pe
18. Selesaikan masalah berikut yang melibatkan janjang geometri.

Solve the problems involving geometric progressions. 5
n
Contoh 1 Contoh 2
ta

Diberi 4p + 7, p + 4 dan –p + 8 adalah tiga sebutan Dalam suatu janjang geometri, Tn = 3n + 1, cari
yang berturut-turut bagi janjang geometri, cari nilai- sebutan pertama dan nisbah sepunya.
bi
nilai yang mungkin bagi p. In a geometric progression, Tn = 3n + 1. Find the first term
Given 4p + 7, p + 4 and –p + 8 are three consecutive terms and the common ratio.
er
in a geometric progression, find the possible values of p.

Penyelesaian:
Penyelesaian: a = T1 = 31 + 1
n
p + 4 = –p + 8 = 32

4p + 7 p+4 = 9
Pe
(p + 4) = (4p + 7)(–p + 8)
2
T2 = 32 + 1
p2 + 8p + 16 = –4p2 + 32p – 7p + 56 = 33
5p2 – 17p – 40 = 0 = 27
(5p + 8)(p – 5) = 0
p = – 8 atau p = 5 r = 27
5 9
r=3
93
(a) Diberi m – 4, m dan 5m – 12 adalah tiga sebutan (b) Dalam suatu janjang geometri, Tn = 2n + 3, cari
pertama yang positif, bagi janjang geometri, sebutan pertama dan nisbah sepunya.
cari nisbah sepunya dan sebutan kelima. In a geometric progression, Tn = 2n + 3, find the first term
Given m – 4, m and 5m – 12 are the first three positive and the common ratio.
terms in a geometric progression, find the common
ratio and the fifth term. Tn = 2n + 3
m = 5m – 12 a = T1 = 21 + 3
m–4 m = 24
m2 = (5m – 12)(m – 4)
= 16
.
m2 = 5m2 – 20m – 12m + 48
hd
4m – 32m + 48 = 0
2 T2 = 22 + 3
m2 – 8m + 12 = 0 = 25
(m – 6)(m – 2) = 0 = 32
.B
m = 6 atau m = 2 (tidak diterima)
(not accepted)
When m = 6: 2, 6, 18, …
Bila r = 32
16
r = 6
dn
= 2
2
= 3
S
T5 = 2(3)4
BAB
= 162
5
gi
l an
Pe
Contoh 3 Contoh 4

Dalam suatu janjang geometri, sebutan kedua Diberi suatu janjang geometri 7, 14, 28, 56, ….
ialah –1 dan sebutan kelima ialah 1 , cari sebutan Cari nilai terkecil bagi n apabila hasil tambah
n
pertama dan nisbah sepunya. 27 n sebutan yang pertama adalah lebih daripada
350.
ta
In a geometric progression, the second term is –1 and the

fifth term is 1 , find the first term and the common ratio. Given a geometric progression 7, 14, 28, 56, …. Find
27 the smallest value of n when the sum of the first n
bi
terms is greater than 350.

Penyelesaian:
T2 = ar = –1 …… (i) Penyelesaian:
er
T5 = ar 4 = 1 …… (ii) a = 7, r = 14 = 2,
27 7
7[(2)n
– 1]
(ii) ÷ (i): r3 = – 1
n
. 350
27 2–1
2 . 51
Pe
r3 = – 1 1 2
3
3 n log10 2 . log10 51
log10 51
\ r = – 1 n .
3 log10 2
n . 5.672
Gantikan nilai r dalam (i): a – 1 = –1
1 2
3 \ n = 6
Replace r into (i)
\ a = 3
94
(c) Dalam suatu janjang geometri, sebutan ke-3 (d) Diberi suatu janjang geometri 16, 24, 36, … .
ialah 12 dan sebutan ke-7 ialah 192. cari Cari nilai terkecil bagi n di mana hasil tambah
sebutan pertama dan nisbah sepunya. n sebutan yang pertama adalah lebih daripada
In a geometric progression, the 3rd term is 12 and the 2 000.
7th term is 192, find the first term and the common Given a geometric progression 16, 24, 36, …. Find the
ratio. smallest value of n such that the sum of the first n terms
is greater than 2 000.
T3 = ar2 = 12 …… (i)
T7 = ar6 = 192 …… (ii) a = 16, r = 24 = 1.5
16
.
(ii) ÷ (i): r 4 = 16
hd
16[(1.5)

n
– 1)] . 2 000
r 4 = (2)4
1.5 – 1
\ r = 2
1.5 . 63.5
n
n log10 1.5 . log10 63.5
.B
Gantikan nilai r dalam
Replace r into (i): a(2)2 = 12
n . 10.24
\ a = 3
\ n = 11
dn
Contoh 5 (e) Jadual menunjukkan keuntungan yang disimpan
S
oleh Encik Zarul pada tiga tahun yang pertama,
BAB
Keuntungan sebuah kedai bertambah 5% setiap mulai tahun 2009. Dia tidak membuat sebarang
gi
tahun. Jika keuntungan kedai itu ialah RM30 000 pengeluaran dalam tempoh 10 tahun.
pada tahun 2011, cari Table shows the profit kept by Encik Zarul for the first
The profit of a shop increases 5% every year. If the profit of three years, starting in the year 2009. He will not make 5
an
the shop is RM30 000 in the year 2011, find any withdrawals in the next 10 years.
(a) keuntungan kedai itu pada tahun 2015,
the profit of the shop in the year 2015, Pada akhir tahun Keuntungan (RM)
l
(b) jumlah keuntungan kedai itu dari tahun 2011 At the end of year Profit (RM)
Pe
hingga tahun 2018. 2009 4 000

the total profit of the shop from the year 2011 to the
year 2018. 2010 4 200
2011 4 410
n
Penyelesaian:
Keuntungan Encik Zarul bertambah bagi tahun-
ta
a = 30 000, r = 105% = 1.05

Tn = arn tahun berikutnya dan nilai keuntungan pada
akhir setiap tahun membentuk suatu janjang
bi
(a) T5 = 30 000(1.05)4 geometri.

= RM36 465.19 Encik Zarul’s profits increase for the subsequent years
and the amount of money at the end of each year forms
er
(b) Sn = a(r – 1)
n
a geometric progression.
r–1 (i) Nyatakan nisbah sepunya keuntungannya.
n
State the common ratio for his profit.

= (1.05 – 1)
n
1.05 – 1 (ii) Hitung nilai keuntungan pada hujung tahun

Pe
ke-10.
S8 = 30 000(1.05 – 1)
8
Calculate the amount of his profit at the end of 10
1.05 – 1 years.
= RM286 473.27
(i) r = 4 200 = 1.05
4 000
(ii) T10 = 4 000(1.05)9
= RM6 205.31
95
PRAKTIS SPM 5
Kertas 1 3. Diberi bahawa sebutan ketiga bagi suatu janjang
geometri melebihi sebutan kedua sebanyak 30a.
1. Diberi bahawa sebutan ke-n bagi suatu janjang Cari nilai-nilai nisbah sepunya, r, dengan keadaan
5r n – 1 , r ≠ h. a ialah sebutan pertama bagi janjang itu.
2017 geometri ialah Tn =
4
.
Given that the third term of a geometric progression
hd
It is given that the nth term of a geometric progression is exceeds the second term by 30a. Find the values
Tn = 5r
n–1
, r ≠ h. of common ratio, r, where a is the first term of the
4 progression.
Nyatakan / State
.B
T2 = ar , T3 = ar2
(b) nilai h.
the value of h. T3 − T2 = ar2 − ar = 30a
(b) sebutan pertama janjang ini. r2 − r = 30
dn
the first term of the progression. r − r − 30 = 0
2
(r − 6)(r + 5) = 0
(a) h = 0 \ r = 6 , −5
S
(b) a = T1 = 5r
1–1
BAB
4 4. Diberi bahawa 2m, 4 dan 6n ialah tiga sebutan
5
= 5
4 gi 2018
pertama bagi suatu janjang geometri. Ungkapkan
dalam sebutan n,
an
It is given that 2m, 4 and 6n are the first three terms of a
geometric progression. Express in terms of n,
(a) sebutan pertama dan nisbah sepunya janjang
l
2. Diberi bahawa hasil tambah n sebutan pertama itu,
Pe
the first term and the common ratio of the progression,

n (18 – 8n).
2017 bagi suatu janjang aritmetik ialah Sn = (b) hasil tambah sebutan hingga ketakterhinggaan
Cari sebutan ke-n. 2
janjang itu.
Given that the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic the sum to infinity of the progression.
n
progression is Sn = n (18 – 8n). Find the nth term.

2
(a) 4 = 6n
ta
2m 4
a = T1 = S1 = 1 [18 – 8(1)] 16
2 2m = → a= 8
bi
6n 3n
a = 5
m = 4
S2 = 2 [18 – 8(2)] 3n
er
2
= 2 r = 4 = 4 = 3n
2m 2 4
1 2 2
n
T2 = S2 – S1 3n
= 2 – 5
(b) S∞ = a
Pe
= –3 1–r
d = T2 – T1 8
= –3 – 5 = 3n
= –8 1 – 3n
1 2
2
Tn = 5 + (n – 1)(–8) 8
= 5 + 8 – 8n = × 2
3n 2 – 3n
Tn = 13 – 8n 16
=
6n – 9n2
96
5. Diberi 0.459459459… = 0.459 + p + q + … dengan 7. Ahmad mempunyai RM60. Dia mula menyimpan
2013
keadaan p dan q ialah pemalar. Cari 2016
RM5 setiap hari. Kumar mempunyai RM48 dan dia
Given that 0.459459459… = 0.459 + p + q + … where p mula menyimpan RM7 setiap hari. Selepas berapa
and q are constants. Find harikah jumlah simpanan mereka adalah sama?
(a) nilai p dan nilai q, Ahmad has RM60. He starts to save RM5 each day.
the value of p and of q, Kumar has RM48 and he starts to save RM7 every day.
(b) nisbah sepunya janjang itu. After how many days their savings are the same?
the common ratio of the progression.
Ahmad: a = 60, d = 5
(a) p = 0.000459 Tn = 60 + (n – 1)5
.
q = 0.000000459 = 5n + 55 …… 1
hd
Kumar: a = 48, d = 7
(b) r = 0.000459 Tn = 48 + (n – 1)7
0.459 = 7n + 41 …… 2
.B
= 0.001 1 = 2 : 5n + 55 = 7n + 41
14 = 2n
n = 7
dn
\ Jumlah simpanan
Their savings mereka
are the same aftersama
7 days.selepas 7 hari.
6. Seutas dawai dengan panjang 6.66 m dipotong 8. Bryan mengambil masa 1 minit untuk berbasikal
S
kepada beberapa bahagian. Setiap bahagian akan 2016
sejauh 900 m yang pertama. Dia tidak dapat
BAB
2015
membentuk satu segi tiga sama sisi. Rajah 5.1 mengekalkan staminanya, maka bagi setiap 900 m
menunjukkan tiga buah segi tiga sama sisi yang
pertama yang telah dibentuk.
gi yang berikutnya, dia mengambil 1 lebih masa
10
berbanding dengan masa yang diambil untuk 5
an
A wire with the length of 6.66 m is cut into several pieces.
Each piece is to form an equilateral triangle. Diagram 5.1 900 m yang sebelumnya. Dia merancang untuk
shows the first three triangles formed. berbasikal sejauh 18 km dalam 30 minit. Adakah
dia mampu melakukannya? Tunjukkan pengiraan
l
untuk menyokong jawapan anda.
Pe
8 cm 8 cm Bryan took 1 minute to cycle the first 900 m. He could

5 cm 5 cm not sustain his stamina thus for each subsequent 900 m,
2 cm 2 cm
he took 1 more time as compared to the time he took
2 cm 5 cm 8 cm 10
n
for the previous 900 m. He planned to cycle a distance

Rajah 5.1 / Diagram 5.1 of 18 km in 30 minutes. Could he achieve it? Show your
ta
calculation to support your answer.

Berapa buah segi tiga sama sisi yang boleh
dibentuk? n = 18 km
bi
900 m
How many equilateral triangles can be formed?
= 18 000 m
900 m
er
6, 15, 24, …
= 20
a = 6
d = 15 – 6 = 9 Masataken,
Time yangindiambil,
seconds, dalam s,
n
Sn = n [2(6) + (n – 1)(9)] = 666 60, 60 + (60), 60 + 1 (60) + 1 [60 + 1 (60)], …

1
2 10 10 10 10
Pe
n[12 – 9 + 9n] = 1 332 60, 66, 72.6, …

9n2 + 3n – 1 332 = 0 a = 60, r = 1.1, n = 20
S20 = 60(1.1 – 1)
20
3n2 + n – 444 = 0
(3n + 37)(n – 12) = 0 1.1 – 1
= 3 436.5 saat seconds
n = – 37 (tidak diterima) atau n
(not accepted) or = 12 = 57.27 minit
minutes
3
\ n = 12 = 57 minutes
minit 16.5 saat
16.5 seconds
Bryancould
Bryan tidak mampu
not achieve melakukannya
it because he took moresebab
than 30dia
12 equilateral
12 triangles
segi tiga sama sisican be formed.
boleh dibentuk. mengambil
minutes to cyclemasa
18 km.lebih daripada 30 minit untuk
berbasikal sejauh 18 km.
97
1 , 1 dan 1 The diagram above shows a circle with centre O which

9. Diberi bahawa ialah tiga is divided into 10 sectors. The angles of the sectors form a
x–3 x+3 4x + 3
2016 sebutan berturutan bagi suatu janjang geometri progression with the first term of 18°. State
(a) sama ada janjang itu ialah suatu janjang
dengan nisbah sepunya 1 . Cari
3 aritmetik atau janjang geometri,
It is given that 1 , 1 and 1 are three whether the progression is an arithmetic progression
x–3 x+3 4x + 3 or a geometric progression,
consecutive terms of a geometric progression with a
(b) nilai k,
common ratio 1 . Find the value of k,
3
(a) nilai x, (c) hasil tambah semua sebutan dalam janjang itu.
.
the value of x, the sum of all terms in the progression.
hd
(b) sebutan pertama jika 1 ialah sebutan ke-10
x–3 (a) 18, 22, 26, k, …
janjang itu.
Janjang itu ialah
The progression is anjanjang aritmetik
arithmetic dengan
progression with
the first term if 1 is the 10th term of the progression.
.B
x–3 a = 18, d = 22 – 18 = 4
(a) Nisbah
Commonsepunya:
ratio:
(b) T4 = a + 3d
1 ÷ 1 =
1
dn
k = 18 + 3(4)
x+3 x–3 3
∴ k = 30
x – 3 = 1
x+3 3
(c) S10 = 10 [2(18) + 9(4)] = 360 atau
S
3x – 9 = x + 3 or
2
BAB
2x = 12
S10 = 360 (Sudut
(The anglebagifor putaran
a complete rotationsuatu
lengkap of a
5

1
(b) T10 =
x–3
x = 6
gi the circle isialah
bulatan 360°.)360°.)
an
ar9 = 1
6–3
a( 1 )9 = 1
l

3 3
Pe
11. Esther baru sahaja menamatkan pengajian sarjana

a = 1 ÷ ( 1 )9 muda dan mendapat tawaran kerja daripada
3 3 2014
a = 3–1 ÷ 3–9 2 buah syarikat. Syarikat A menawarkan gaji
permulaan RM40 000 setahun dengan kenaikan
n

a = 3–1 – (–9)
= 38 tahunan sebanyak 6% daripada gaji pokok.
ta
= 6 561 Syarikat B menawarkan gaji permulaan RM36 000

setahun dengan kenaikan tahunan 10% daripada
gaji pokok. Esther bercadang untuk memilih
bi
syarikat yang menawarkan jumlah pendapatan

10. yang paling tinggi dan menabung sebanyak 25%
er
daripada gajinya untuk melanjutkan pelajaran

2014
selepas bekerja selama 7 tahun.
18°
n
22° Syarikat manakah yang patut Esther pilih?

26° Berapakah jumlah tabungan untuk melanjutkan
Pe
k° pelajarannya?
O [Bundarkan jawapan anda kepada RM terhampir]
Esther has just completed her studies in bachelor degree
and is offered a job in 2 companies. Company A offered
her an initial salary of RM40 000 per annum with 6%
yearly increment from the basic salary. Company B
offered an initial salary of RM36 000 per annum with 10%
Rajah di atas menunjukkan sebuah bulatan yearly increment from the basic salary. Esther decided to
dengan pusat O dibahagi kepada 10 sektor. Sudut choose the company which offered higher income and
sektor-sektor itu membentuk suatu janjang save 25% of her salary for further studies after working
for 7 years.
dengan sebutan pertama 18°. Nyatakan
98
Which company should Esther choose? How much total Kertas 2

savings she kept for her studies?
[Round off your answer to the nearest RM] 1. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan susunan kuboid-
kuboid yang mempunyai luas tapak yang sama,
SyarikatA:A: a = 40 000, r = 1.06
Company 16 cm2. Diberi tinggi kuboid yang pertama ialah
40 cm dan tinggi setiap kuboid yang berikutnya
S7 = 40 000(1.06 – 1)
7
1.06 – 1 berkurangan sebanyak 2 cm.

≈ RM335 754 [Isi padu kuboid = luas tapak × tinggi]
The diagram below shows the arrangement of cuboids
with same area of base, 16 cm2. Given that the height
.
SyarikatB:B: a = 36 000, r = 1.1
Company of the first cuboid is 40 cm and the height of each
hd
subsequent cuboid decreases by 2 cm.
S7 = 36 000(1.1 – 1)
7
[Volume of cuboid = area of base × height]
1.1 – 1
≈ RM341 538
.B
\ Syarikat dipilih.
Company BBchosen.
Jumlah tabungan =
Total savings RM341 538 × 25%
dn
40 cm 38 cm
≈ RM85 385 36 cm 34 cm
BAB
16 cm2
gi (a) Hitung isi padu, dalam cm3, kuboid yang ke-9.

Calculate the volume, in cm3, of the 9th cuboid.
5
an
12. Diameter batang sepohon pokok bertambah 4% (b) Diberi bahawa jumlah isi padu bagi n kuboid
yang pertama ialah 5 280 cm3. Cari nilai n.
KBAT setiap tahun. Diberi bahawa diameter batang
It is given that the total volume of the first n cuboids
BUKAN pokok itu pada awalnya ialah t cm. Selepas n
is 5 280 cm3. Find the value of n.
l
RUTIN
tahun, diameter batang pokok itu melebihi dua
Pe
kali ganda daripada diameter awalnya. Cari nilai The height

Tinggi of the membentuk
kuboid cuboids form anjanjang
arithmetic progression:
aritmetik:
minimum bagi n. 40, 38, 36, 34, …, denganwith a = 40, d = −2
The diameter of the stem of a tree increases 4% every (a) Height
Tinggiofkuboid ke-9, TT99 = 40 + 8(−2)
the 9 cuboid,
th
n
year. Given that the initial diameter of the stem is t cm. = 24 cm

After n years, the diameter of the stem is more than two
Volume
Isi padu kuboid
of the ke-9 = 16 × 24
9th cuboid
ta
times of its initial diameter. Find the minimum value

of n. = 384 cm3
(b) The total volume
Jumlah of bagi
isi padu the first n cuboidsyang pertama
n kuboid
bi
a = t, r = 104% = 1.04 = (16 × 40)+ (16 × 38)+ (16 × 36)+ … + (16 × Tn)
Tn . 2a, = 16 (40 + 38 + 36 + … + Tn)
er
t(1.04) . 2t
n–1 = 16 (Sn)
(1.04)n – 1 . 2 = 16 n (2(40) + (n – 1)(–2))
3 4
n
2
log10 (1.04)n – 1 . log10 2
= 16(41n – n2)
Pe
(n – 1) log10 1.04 . log10 2

Diberi jumlah isi padu bagi n kuboid yang
n . 18.67
pertama
Given total=volume
5 280ofcm
the3 first n cuboids = 5 280 cm3
Minimum
\ Nilai value, n = 19
minimum, 16(41n – n2) = 5 280
41n – n2 = 330
n – 41n + 330 = 0
2
(n – 11)(n – 30) = 0
n = 11, 30
\ Ketinggian tidak
Height cannot be inboleh dalam
negative, thusnegatif,
n ≠ 30 maka
because T30 < 0. So,
n ≠ 30 kerana T30n ,
= 11.
0. Jadi, n = 11.
99
2. Diberi bahawa … , 96, x, 1 536, … ialah sebahagian 3. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada
daripada suatu janjang geometri. Hasil tambah 2017
dinding berbentuk segi empat tepat yang di cat
empat sebutan pertama janjang itu ialah 510. dengan warna hitam, B, putih, W dan merah, R
Given that …, 96, x, 1 536, … is part of a geometric secara berselang seli. Tinggi dinding ialah 3 m.
progression. The sum of the first four terms of the Panjang sisi segi empat tepat berwarna yang
progression is 510.
pertama ialah 6 cm dan panjang sisi bagi setiap
Cari / Find
segi empat tepat berwarna berikutnya bertambah
(a) nisbah sepunya,
sebanyak 2 cm.
the common ratio, Diagram 5.2 shows part of a rectangular wall coloured
(b) sebutan pertama, with black, B, white, W and red, R subsequently. The
.
the first term,
hd
height of the wall is 3 m. The side length of the first
(c) nilai n yang paling kecil supaya sebutan ke-n coloured rectangle is 6 cm and the side length of each
melebihi 20 000. subsequent coloured rectangle increases by 2 cm.
the smallest value of n such that the nth term exceeds
.B
20 000. B W R B W R B W
Janjangprogression:
Geometric Geometri : …, 96, x, 1 536, …
dn
(a) x = 1 536
96 x Rajah 5.2 / Diagram 5.2
x2 = 147 456 Diberi bahawa jumlah segi empat tepat berwarna
S
x = 384 ialah 48.
BAB
384 = 4 It is given that the total number of the coloured rectangles
(b)
Common
nisbah ratio, r =
sepunya,
S4 = 510
96
gi are 48.
(a) Cari / Find
an
(i) panjang sisi, dalam cm, bagi segi empat
a(r4 – 1) = 510 tepat yang terakhir.
the side length, in cm, of the last coloured
r–1
rectangle.
l
– 1) = 510
a(4 4
Pe
4–1 (ii) jumlah panjang, dalam cm, dinding yang

a(255) = 510 dicat.
total length, in cm, of the painted wall.
3
(b) Segi empat tepat berwarna yang keberapakah
a = 510(3)
n
255 mempunyai keluasan 8 400 cm2?

Seterusnya, nyatakan warna bagi segi empat
ta
a = 6
tepat berkenaan.
Which coloured rectangle has an area of 8 400 cm2?
(c) Tn . 20 000
bi
Hence, state the colour of that particular rectangle.

arn – 1 . 20 000
6(4)n – 1 . 20 000 (a) 6, 8, 10, …
er
4n – 1 . 20 000 (i) T48 = 6 + 47(2) = 100

6
1
log10 4n – 1 . log10 20 000 2 (ii) S48 = 48 (6 + 100)
n
6 2
Pe
= 2 544
1
log10 20 000
6
2 (b) T1 = 6 × 300 = 1 800
n – 1 .
log10 4 T2 = 8 × 300 = 2 400
n – 1 . 5.851 T3 = 10 × 300 = 3 000
n . 6.851 a = 1 800, d = 2 400 – 1 800 = 600
\ Nilai n yangvalue
The smallest terkecil
of n isialah
7. 7. Tn = 1 800 + (n – 1)(600) = 8 400
n – 1 = 11
n = 12
12th coloured
Segi rectangle,
empat tepat red. merah.
ke-12, (Multiple(Gandaan
3) 3)
100
4. Hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi suatu janjang 5.

5n(n – 55) . KBAT
2015 aritmetik, Sn diberi oleh Sn =
2 BUKAN
The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic progression, RUTIN
Sn is given by Sn = 5n(n – 55) . …

2
Cari / Find
(b) hasil tambah 9 sebutan pertama.
the sum of the first 9 terms.
Rajah di atas menunjukkan empat blok pertama
(b) sebutan pertama dan beza sepunya. yang dibentuk daripada beberapa unit kubus
.
the first term and the common difference.
hd
dengan setiap satunya mempunyai panjang
(c) nilai p, diberi bahawa sebutan ke-p adalah
sisi 1 cm. Blok-blok kubus itu disusun dengan
sebutan positif pertama bagi janjang itu.
the value of p, given that pth term is the first positive keadaan perimeter bahagian berlorek setiap blok
membentuk suatu janjang.
.B
term of the progression.
The diagram above shows the first four blocks which are
formed from a few unit cubes where each cube has a
(a) S9 = 5n(n – 55) length of side 1 cm. The cube blocks are arranged such
dn
2
that the perimeter of the shaded part of each block forms
S9 = 5(9)(9 – 55)
a progression.
2
(a) Cari perimeter bahagian berlorek bagi blok
= –1 035
S
pepejal ke-100.
Find the perimeter of shaded part of the 100th block.
BAB

(b) a = S1 = 5(1)(1 – 55) (b) Hitung bilangan kubus yang diperlukan untuk
gi
2
= –135 membentuk blok pepejal ke-100.
Calculate the number of cubes required to form the
5
an
S2 = 5(2)(2 – 55) 100th block.
2
= –265 (a)
l
T2 = S2 – S1
Pe
= –265 – (–135)
= –130 …
d = T2 – T1
Perimeterare
Perimeters ialah J.A.: 4, 8, 12, 16, … with
dengan
= –130 – (–135)
n
a = 4, d = 4
= 5
Perimeter ofblok
Perimeter the 100 th block
ke-100
ta
(c) Tp = –135 + (p – 1)(5) . 0 T100 = 4 + 99(4)

p – 1 . 27 = 400 cm
bi
p . 28 (b) Bilangan kubusforbagi

Number of cubes blok
the 100 ke-100
th block
p = 29 = 1 + 2 + 3 + … + 100
er
= 100 (1 + 100)
2
= 5 050
n
Pe
101
Sudut KBAT
1. Dinesh menyimpan RMP dalam akaun simpanan tetap pada awal setiap tahun. Faedah sebanyak x%
setahun dibayar pada akhir tahun. Faedah yang diperoleh disimpan di dalam akaunnya.
Dinesh saves RMP in a fixed deposit account at the beginning of each year. An interest of x% per annum is paid at the end
of the year. The interest earned is saved in the account.
(a) Tunjukkan bahawa jumlah simpanan, dalam RM, pada akhir tahun ke-n (termasuk faedah pada tahun
ke-n) ialah
.
hd
Show that the total savings, in RM, at the end of the nth year (including interest at the nth year) is
P11 + 100 2311 + x 2 – 14

n
x 100
(b) Diberi P = 50 000 dan x = 6, hitung jumlah simpanan pada akhir tahun ke-8.
.B
Given that P = 50 000 and x = 6, calculate the total savings at the end of the 8th year.
Sn = a(r – 1)
n
(a) T1 = P + P1 x 2
100 r–1
dn
x x n–1
= P11 + x 2 P11 + 2311 + 100 2 4
100 100
=
T2 = P11 + x 2 × 11 + x 2 1+ x –1
S
100 100 100
BAB
x x
= P11 + 2
2
1 2
1+
5 T3 = P11 + x 2
100
3
gi
= P
x
100 x n–1
311 + 100 2 4
an
100 100
= P11 + 100 2311 + x 2 – 14

n
(b) Total
Jumlah simpanan,
savings, S8 S8
100 x 100
= 50 000 11 + 2311 + 6 2 – 14
8
l
6 100
Pe
= RM524 565.80
2. Sebuah syarikat elektrik menjual 24 buah mesin basuh pada minggu pertama Januari tahun 2018. Penjualan
n
mesin basuh bertambah sebanyak 2 buah setiap minggu.

An electric company sells 24 washing machines in the first week of January in 2018. The weekly sales increase by 2
ta
machines per week.

(a) Cari bilangan mesin basuh yang dijual pada akhir minggu Disember 2018,
Find the number of washing machines sold in the last week of December 2018,
bi
(b) Cari jumlah mesin basuh yang dijual pada tahun 2018.
Find the total number of washing machine sold in 2018.
er
(c) Bilakah mesin basuh yang ke-150 dijual?

When was 150th washing machine sold?
(a) 24, 26, 28, … (c) Sn = n [2a + (n – 1)d] = 150
n
a = 24, d = 2 2
n[2(24) + (n – 1)2] = 300
Pe
n = 48
T48 = 24 + 47(2) n(48 + 2n – 2) = 300
= 118 2n2 + 46n – 300 = 0
n2 + 23n – 150 = 0
(b) S48 = 48 (24 + 118) a = 1, b = 23, c = –150
2
n = –23 ± √23 – 4(1)(–150)
2 +
= 3 408 2(1) +
n = 5.3 atau –28.3 (tidak diterima)

(not accepted) + KBAT Ekstra
Thus,
Maka, themesin
150th washing machine
basuh yang was sold
ke-150 after
dijual 5.3 weeks,
selepas 5.3 that is
minggu
mid
iaituofpertengahan
February 2018.bulan Februari 2018.
102

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Module &

Analisis Soalan SPM

The n term of an arithmetic progression is

where a = first term, d = common difference

4, 8, 12, 16, … 4, 1, −2, −6, …

d = 4 ialah pemalar/ is a constant. d bukan pemalar/ is not a constant.

(a) −2, 1, 4, 7, … (b) 1 , 2 1 , 5 1 , 7 1 , … (c) 2p – 1, p, 1, 2 – p, …

3. Tentukan nilai sebutan tertentu bagi janjang aritmetik yang berikut.

4, 2, 0, –2, … ; cari sebutan ke-7. –7, –3, 1, 5, … ; cari sebutan ke-9.

a = −20, d = −17 − (−20) = 3 a = 2.5, d = 3.2 − 2.5 = 0.7

4. Hitungkan bilangan sebutan bagi setiap janjang aritmetik yang berikut.

4.1, 4.7, 5.3, 5.9, …, 11.3 3y, –y, –5y, …, –65y

5. Tentukan hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi suatu janjang aritmetik.

Determine the sum of the first n terms in an arithmetic progression. 3

(first 12 terms) (first 10 terms)

a = −15, d = −11 − (−15) = 4 a = 19, d = 14 − 19 = –5

(a) −15, −12, −9, …, 30 (b) 9, 4, –1, …, –86

a = −15, d = −12 − (−15) = 3, l = 30 a = 9, d = 4 − 9 = –5, l = –86

= –15 + (n – 1)(3) = 9 + (n – 1)(–5)

Hasil tambah T4 hingga T12

= 7(34) – 2(–26) = 6(53) – 12

a = 6.7, d = 5.3 − 6.7 = −1.4

8. Selesaikan masalah berikut yang melibatkan janjang aritmetik.

Contoh 1 (a) Diberi p, 3p – 1 dan 4p adalah tiga sebutan

Contoh 3 (c) Diberi hasil tambah n sebutan pertama bagi

progression 25, 18, 11, … is 4. Find the value of n. of n.

Contoh 4 (d) Dalam suatu janjang arimetrik, sebutan ke-5

Contoh 6 (f) Hasil tambah n sebutan pertama suatu janjang

Hasil tambah n sebutan pertama suatu janjang 2

the common difference.

Contoh 7 (g) 4, 1, –2, … ialah suatu janjang aritmetik. Cari

bounce after the 11th bounce.

progression. The length of the shortest piece and the

5, 10, 20, 40, … 4, –8, –16, 32,…

(a) –27, –9, –3, –1, … (b) 2 , 4 , 6 , 12 , …

(a) 5 , 5 , 5 , 5 , … (b) 84, 28, 9 1 , 3 1 , … (c) −6, −24, –96, –384, …

1, –2, 4, –8, …, –512 2, 1, 1 , 1 , …, 1

(3)5 = (3)n – 1 (–3)7 = (–3)n – 1

(c) 0.6, –1.8, 5.4, –16.2, …, –11 809.8 (d) 1, 2 , 4 , 8 , …, 32

Calculate the sum of specific number of consecutive terms in a geometric progression. 4

(6th term to 10th term) (5th term to 9th term)

a = 8, r = 12 = 1.5 a = 51.2, r = 12.8 = 1

(a) Sn = 1 107 3 , a = 84, r = 3 (b) Sn = 21 845 , a = 1 , r = 4

1.5[(1.5) – 1] . 1 602 8[(2)n – 1] , 2 570

16. Tentukan hasil tambah hingga ketakterhinggaan sesuatu janjang geometri.

100, 50, 25, … 150, 60, 24, 9 3 , …

(a) 72, 36, 18, 9, … (b) 0.51, 0.0051, 0.000051, … (c) 8, 2, 1 , 1 , …

0.8 + 0.08 + 0.008 + 0.0008 + … 0.45 + 0.0045 + 0.000045 + … 0.132 + 0.000132 + …

18. Selesaikan masalah berikut yang melibatkan janjang geometri.

in a geometric progression, find the possible values of p.

In a geometric progression, the second term is –1 and the

terms is greater than 350.

n log10 1.5 . log10 63.5

hingga tahun 2018. 2009 4 000

a = 30 000, r = 105% = 1.05

(a) T5 = 30 000(1.05)4 geometri.

State the common ratio for his profit.

1.05 – 1 (ii) Hitung nilai keuntungan pada hujung tahun

4 4. Diberi bahawa 2m, 4 dan 6n ialah tiga sebutan

the first term and the common ratio of the progression,

progression is Sn = n (18 – 8n). Find the nth term.

8 cm 8 cm Bryan took 1 minute to cycle the first 900 m. He could

for the previous 900 m. He planned to cycle a distance