Optical Transport Network &

Optical Transport Module

"Digital Wrapper"

Maarten Vissers
Consulting Member of Technical Staff
Lucent Technologies
email: mvissers@lucent.com

April 2002
 Contents

 OTN Rationale
 OTN Layer Networks
 Multi level Connection Monitoring
 OTM Signals
 Maintenance Signals
 Mapping Client Signals
 Multiplexing
 Virtual Concatenation
 OTN Standards

April 2002

2
 Contents

 OTN Rationale  OTN Characteristics

 OTN Layer Networks  Transitional Approaches
 Multi level Connection  Final Phase
Monitoring  O/E/O processing
 OTM Signals objectives
 Maintenance Signals  Digital processing
objectives
 Mapping Client Signals
 Multiplexing
 Virtual Concatenation
 OTN Standards

April 2002

3
 OTN Characteristics
 New transport networking layer (carrier grade solution)
• Next step (after SDH/SONET) to support ever growing data
driven needs for bandwidth and emergence of new broadband
services
– Terrabit/second per fiber via DWDM lines (transport level)
– Gigabit/second paths at 2.5 Gb/s, 10 Gb/s, 40 Gb/s
(networking level)
• Service transparency for SDH/SONET, ETHERNET, ATM, IP,
MPLS
– No change of SDH/SONET!
– One exception; interpretation of STM-LOF alarm  + STM-
AIS due to OTN fail
• Enhanced OAM & networking functionality for all services
• Shortest physical layer stack for data services (IP  OTN 
Fiber)
April 2002

4
 OTN Characteristics

 Gigabit level bandwidth granularity required to scale and

manage multi-Terabit networks
• Wavelength level switching maximizes nodal switching capacity,
the gating factor for reconfigurable network capacity
• Avoids very large numbers of fine granularity pipes that stress
network planning, administration, survivability, and management

April 2002

5
 Transitional Approaches - Assessment

 Extended SDH (attempt at creating a new layer using SDH

elements)
• Bandwidth multiplication by means of TDM  more Gigabit/s on
fiber (4x)
• Proprietary approaches attempting to carry lower rate STM-N
[including all overhead] as a “service” within a higher rate STM-M
(M>N)
– strongly limited: SDH multiplexing hierarchy not designed to carry
the STM-N (i.e. “itself”) as a service
 No timing transparency
 90% of STM-N/OC-N overhead bytes not passed through
 No STM-N/OC-N independent monitoring
– Multiple proprietary implementations created in industry
 no interworking

April 2002

6
 Transitional Approaches - Assessment

 Pre-OTN WDM (simple transport - vs. networking - solution)

• Bandwidth multiplication by means of WDM  Terabit/s on fiber
(100x)
• Client signal (e.g. STM-N, GbE) direct on wavelength
– simple transport, no monitoring
– or client specific non-intrusive monitoring
 per client type a monitor is needed
 additional client type implies additional monitor to be
added
– alarm suppression signal (e.g. AIS) specific per client type
 additional client type implies additional alarm suppression
signal to be added
• Point-to-point application that can transport STM-N/OC-N as a
service
April 2002

7
 Final Phase
 OTN (networking solution)
• Management enabler of WDM network by means of addition of:
– Overhead to "" and "multi-" signals
 "non-associated" or "out-of-channel" overhead; e.g.
preventing alarm storms
– Optical Channel (OCh) layer
 STM-N, IP, ATM and Ethernet signals mapped
("wrapped") into OCh frame (OCh Data Unit (ODUk))
• First transmission technology in which each stakeholder gets its
own (ODUk) connection monitoring
• In addition ODUk supports/provides:
– STM-N independent monitoring, becoming a service signal "itself",
shortest physical layer stack for data services, TDM muxing, STM-
N inverse multiplexing, client independent protection switching,
plesiochronous timing (no sync network required)

April 2002

8
 O/E/O Objectives
 Minimise O/E/O processing in OTN
• O/E/O processing at edges of administrative/vendor
(sub)domains
– Span engineering
• O/E/O processing at edges of protected or switched domain
– Span engineering (short/long route effects)
– Signal Fail & Signal Degrade condition determination
 If more than 1 optical transparent subnetwork is included
• O/E/O processing at intermediate points
– Span engineering (long line sections)
– Losses in optical fabrics
• O/E & E/O processing around electrical fabric

April 2002

9
 Digital Processing Objectives

 Digital processing at locations where O/E/O is already

performed
• Fault and degradation detection
• Service Level Agreement (SLA) verification
• Signal Fail & Signal Degrade condition determination for
protection and restoration (e.g. if high accuracy is required)

April 2002

10
 Contents
 OTN Rationale
 OTN Layer Networks  Layer Networks
 Multi level Connection  Client Signals
Monitoring  Optical Channel Structure
 OTM Signals  Containment Relationships
 Maintenance Signals  Example of Layer Network
 Mapping Client Signals Trails
 Multiplexing  OTN Interfaces
 Virtual Concatenation  Standardised and
"Proprietary" Stacks
 OTN Standards

April 2002

11
 OTN Layer Networks & Client Signals
 Three new layer
networks:
IP/MPLS ATM ETHERNET STM-N Interworking
• one "Gbit/s" path with pre-OTN
layer
– OCh
STM-N GbE
Optical Channel (OCh)
• two section layer network
layers
– OMSn OTM Optical Multiplex Section (OMSn)
– OTSn Physical layer network
• single channel Section
section layer: Optical Transmission Section (OTSn)
(OPSn) layer network
– OPS0
 Client signals:
OTM-0 Optical Transport Module of order n
• IP/MPLS
OTM-nr, n>1 (OTM-n, n1)
• ATM
• Ethernet
• STM-N April 2002

12
 Optical Channel Structure
 Optical Channel layer
IP ATM ETHERNET STM-N
network consists of 3+1
structures:
• Digital: Optical Channel Payload Unit
– OCh Data Unit (OPUk)
(ODUk)
– OCh Payload Unit Optical Channel Data Unit (ODUk)
(OPUk, k=1,2,3)
– OCh Transport ODUk CF
Unit (OTUk, OPUm (m>k)
TDM

OTUkV)
ODUm (m>k)

STM-N
• Analogue: OCh

GbE
Optical Channel Transport Unit
 Multiplexing (TDM) (OTUk, OTUkV)
• ODUk multiplexing
 ODUk virtual Optical Channel (OCh)
concatenation OCh CF
CF: Connection Function April 2002

13
 OTN Containment Relationships
Client

OH Client OCh Payload Unit (OPUk)

Associated
Wrapper

overhead

OH OPUk OCh Data Unit (ODUk)

OH ODUk FEC OCh Transport Unit (OTUk)

OH OTUk Optical Channel (OCh)

Non-associated overhead

OCC OCC OCC Optical Channel Carrier (OCC)

OH OPS0 Optical Multiplex Section

OH Optical Transmission Section

OOS OTM Overhead Signal

OSC
OSC Optical Supervisory Channel
Optical Transport Module
Optical Physical Section
April 2002

14
 OTN Layer Network Trails
 Example of OTSn, OMSn, OCh, OTUk, ODUk, OPS0 trails
• Transport of STM-N signal via OTM-0, OTM-n and STM-N lines

STM-N
ODUk
OCh, OTUk OCh, OTUk OCh, OTUk
OMSn OMSn OMSn
OPS0 OTSn OTSn OTSn OTSn OTSn OSn
DXC 3R 3R
OTM-0

LT R OCADM 3R R LT
3R DXC
OTM-n

Client

STM-N
ODXC Client
LT Line Terminal w/ optical channel multiplexing
OCADM Optical Channel Add/Drop Multiplexer
ODXC ODU Cross-Connect
3R O/E/O w/ Reamplification, Reshaping & Retiming and monitoring
R Repeater

April 2002

15
 OTN Interfaces
 User to Network Interface (UNI)
 Network Node Interface (NNI)
• Inter Domain Interface (IrDI)
• Intra Domain Interface (IaDI)
 between equipment of different vendors (IrVI)
 within subnetwork of one vendor (IaVI)

Network Operator B Network

USER
A Operator
C
OTM NNI OTM
OTM IaDI-IrVI NNI
UNI IrDI
OTM NNI OTM NNI
IaDI-IaVI IaDI-IaVI

Vendor X Vendor Y

April 2002

16
 Standardised & "Proprietary" stacks

Proprietary elements: Clients (e.g. STM-N, ATM, IP, Ethernet)

 OTM-n.m
OPUk
• optical parameters
ODUkP
• number of ODUk

substructure
wavelengths ODUkT

OCh
• bit rates of
wavelengths OTUkV OTUk OTUkV OTUk

• supervisory
channel OCh OChr

 OTUkV
OMSn
• FEC
OPSn
• frame format
OTSn
• ODUk mapping
used between (and within) OTN
transparent subnetworks OTM-n.m OTM-0.m
Full Reduced OTM-nr.m
used within OTN transparent
subnetworks; implementations
functionality functionality
are very much technology dependent April 2002

17
 Contents
 OTN Rationale
 OTN Layer Networks
 Multi level Connection
Monitoring  Application
 OTM Signals  Nesting
 Maintenance Signals  Overlapping
 Mapping Client Signals
 Multiplexing
 Virtual Concatenation
 OTN Standards

April 2002

18
 Multi-level Connection Monitoring:
Applications
Status
QoS ofofclient
QoSprovided
of working
provided [protection]
signal
by leased
leased
transport isconnection
circuit
circuit is
is
monitored isbymonitored
monitored
monitored by ODUk
byUser
User
Service
Network for
switched circuit: UNI-UNI CM
Provider
Operator
SF and SD switch conditions to initiate "connection re-establishment"

Path CM Client
Signal
Verify QoS CM USR2
NO A
UNI-UNI CM ODUk
NO B
NO C
NNI-NNI CM

W/P CM Working

USR1

Protection
ODUk

Client
Signal
April 2002

19
 Multi-level Connection Monitoring:
Nesting

TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6

TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5
TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4
TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3
TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2
TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1

A1 B1 C1 C2 B2 B3 B4 A2

C1 - C2

B1 - B2 B3 - B4

A1 - A2

TCMi TCM OH field not in use TCMi TCM OH field in use

April 2002

20
 Multi-level Connection Monitoring:
Nesting and Overlapping

TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6

TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5
TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4
TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3
TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2
TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1

A1 B1 C1 B2 C2 A2

C1 - C2

B1 - B2

A1 - A2

TCMi TCM OH field not in use TCMi TCM OH field in use

April 2002

21
 Contents
 OTN Rationale
 OTM Interface Signals
 OTN Layer Networks
• OTM-16r.m
 Multi level Connection • OTM-0.m
Monitoring • OTM-n.m
 OTM Signals  OTM Signals versus OTN I/F
 Maintenance Signals  OTM Overhead Signal
 Mapping Client Signals  Frame Formats
• OTUk, ODUk
 Multiplexing
 Overhead
 Virtual Concatenation
• OTUk, ODUk
 OTN Standards
 OTUkV
 Overhead versus OTN I/F

April 2002

22
 OTM-16r.m Signal (m=1,2,3,12,23,123)

1 16 17 3824 3825 4080
1

d OP t ,
Uk
n
rh k & me
ve U n
2

O OD lig
Payload OTUk FEC

k, eA

ea
(4 x 3808 bytes) (4 x 256 bytes)

TU m
3

O Fr a
4

OTM-16r.m
1 16 17 3824 3825 4080
1

d OP t ,
Uk
n
rh k & me
ve U n
2

O OD lig
Payload OTUk FEC

k, eA

ea
(4 x 3808 bytes) (4 x 256 bytes)

TU m
3

O Fr a
4



1 16 17 3824 3825 4080
1

d OP t ,
Uk
n
rh k & me
ve U n
2

O OD lig
Payload OTUk FEC

k, eA

ea
(4 x 3808 bytes) (4 x 256 bytes)

TU m
3

O Fr a
4



1 16 17 3824 3825 4080
1

d OP t
n
Uk
rh k & me
ve U n
O OD lig
2
Payload OTUk FEC

k, eA

ea
(4 x 3808 bytes) (4 x 256 bytes)

TU m
3

O Fr a
4


1 16 17 3824 3825 4080

d OP t ,
1

Uk
n
rh k & me
ve U n
O OD lig
2 Payload OTUk FEC

k, eA

ea
(4 x 3808 bytes) (4 x 256 bytes)

TU m
3

O Fr a
4

 Up to 16 wavelengths carrying traffic, with fixed 200 GHz grid

independent of bit rate (2G5, 10G, 40G)
 Optical parameters according to ITU-T Recommendation G.959.1
 Bit rate and format of the associated overhead according to ITU-T
Recommendation G.709
 No Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC)
• non-associated overhead not required; i.e. 3R points at each end, no
repeaters April 2002

23
 OTM-0.m Signal (m=1,2,3)

OTM-0.m
1 16 17 3824 3825 4080
1

d P t,
Uk
ea O n
rh k & me
ve U n
2

O OD lig
Payload OTUk FEC

k, eA
(4 x 3808 bytes) (4 x 256 bytes)

TU m
3

O Fr a
4

 Single channel signal ("colourless": 1310 or 1550 nm)

 Optical parameters according to ITU-T Recommendation
G.959.1
 Bit rate and format of the associated overhead according to ITU-
T Recommendation G.709
 No Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC)
• non-associated overhead not required; i.e. 3R points at each end, no
repeaters

April 2002

24
 OTM-n.m Signal (m=1,2,3,12,23,123)
n
1 16 17 3824 3825 4080
1

d P ,
ea O t
Uk
rh & en
ve Uk m
O D lign
2
Payload OTUk FEC

k, eA
(4 x 3808 bytes) (4 x 256 bytes)

TU m
3

O
O Fr a
4

OTM-n.m 1 16 17 3824 3825 4080

1

d P ,
ea O t
Uk
rh & en
ve Uk m
O D lign
2
Payload OTUk FEC

k, eA
(4 x 3808 bytes) (4 x 256 bytes)

TU m
3

O
O Fr a
4



1 16 17 3824 3825 4080
1

d P ,
ea O t
Uk
rh & en
ve Uk m
O D lign
2
Payload OTUk FEC

k, eA
(4 x 3808 bytes) (4 x 256 bytes)

3 

TU m
3

O
O Fr a
4


1 16 17 3824 3825 4080
1

ea O t
Uk
rh & en
 

d P
ve Uk m
O D lign
2
Payload OTUk FEC

k, eA
(4 x 3808 bytes) (4 x 256 bytes)

TU m
3

O
O Fr a
4

1 16 17 3824 3825 4080

d P ,
1

ea O t
Uk
rh & en
ve Uk m
O D lign
2
Payload OTUk FEC

k, eA
(4 x 3808 bytes) (4 x 256 bytes)

TU m
O
3

O Fr a
4

OSC

OTM Overhead Signal (OOS)

 Up to "n" wavelengths carrying traffic, with a grid dependent on

bit rate
 1 "out-of-band" Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC) transporting
the OTM Overhead Signal (OOS)
 OTM Overhead Signal transports OTS, OMS, OCh (non-
associated) overhead and General management communications
April 2002

25
 OTM Signals versus OTN Interfaces

OTM-n.m OTM-16r.m OTM-0.m

UNI - X X
(Note 1,2) (Note 1,2)
NNI IrDI - X X
(Note 1,3) (Note 1,3)
IaDI IrVI - X X
(Note 1,4) (Note 1,4)
IaVI X X X
Note 1 - These interfaces require an OTUk to be present.
Note 2 - A restricted set of ODUk overhead is transparently transported through the network. This is
subject of regulations.
Note 3 - A restricted set of ODUk overhead is transparently transported through the network(s) of
the downstream operator(s). This is subject of regulations.
Note 4 - A restricted set of ODUk overhead is transparently transported through the downstream
subnetwork(s) with equipment of (an)other vendor(s).
Note 5 - Other OTM interfaces may be added in future versions of G.709.

April 2002

26
 OTM Overhead Signal (OOS)
«Non-associated overhead»
 OOS functions subject to standardization OCh OH extensions may be
expected in future to support e.g.
 OOS bit rate & format not standardized OCh protection (e.g. OCh SPring)

FDI-O
Non-Associated

n
TTI FDI-P 3
overhead

2
1
BDI-O BDI-O FDI-O
Vendor
BDI-P BDI-P FDI-P Specific
OMSn
OTSn

OCh
PMI PMI OCI

General Management Communications

BDI: Backward Defect Indication OCI: Open Connection Indication

FDI-O: Forward Defect Indication - Overhead PMI: Payload Missing Indication
FDI-P: Forward Defect Indication - Payload TTI: Trail Trace Identifier
April 2002

27
 OTUk and ODUk frame formats (k=1,2,3)

OTUk bit rate: 255/(239-k) * "STM-N"

ODUk bit rate: 239/(239-k) * "STM-N"

3824
3825

4080
14
15
16
17
1

7
8 OTUk
1 Alignm
OH

OPUk OH
2 Client Signal
OTUk
mapped
OPU in
k Payload
3 ODUk FEC
OPUk Payload
4

Client Signal
OPUk - Optical Channel Payload Unit
ODUk - Optical Channel Data Unit k indicates the order:
1 2.5G
OTUk - Optical Channel Transport Unit
2 10G
Alignment 3 40G

April 2002

28
 OTUk and ODUk Overhead (k=1,2,3)
«Associated overhead»

Column
Row 1 7 8 14 15 16
OTUk

OPUk SPECIFIC
1 FRAME ALIGNMENT
AlignmFAS OVERHEAD AREA
MFAS OTUk
SMSPECIFIC OVERHEAD
GCC0 AREA
RES RES JC

OPUk OH
OH

OVERHEAD
Mapping
2 TCM TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 FTFL RES JC

AREA
RES & Concat
ACT
OPU k Payload Specific
3 TCM3 ODUk TCM2 ODUk SPECIFIC
TCM1OVERHEAD AREA
PM EXP RES JC

4 GCC1 GCC2 APS/PCC RES PSI NJO PJO

ACT: Activation/deactivation control channel MFAS: MultiFrame Alignment Signal

1 128 2 3
APS: Automatic Protection Swiching
0 1 9 10 PCC:
127 Protection137
129 Communication
138 Control channel255
1 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 42 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 3 5 0 6 7 PT 8
Operator channel
coordination 1 2
PM: Operator
Path Monitoring 3 Operator
TCMi
PM

FTFL Operator Specific 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 1 Specific

BDI
Identifier1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 Identifier 6 7 8
EXP: Experimental 1 2 3 4 5 TTI 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 PSI: 5BIP-8
6 Payload
7 8 1Structure
2 3 BEI 4Identifier
5 6 7 STAT 8
Mapping
TCMi

BDI
IAE
BDI
TTITTI
FAS:FaultFrame Alignment Signal
Forward BIP-8BIP-8
RES: forBEI/BIAE
Fault ReservedBEI/BIAE future international
Backward STAT
RES
& Concat
FTFL: Fault Type & Fault Location Indicationstandardisation
Indication 255 Specific
Field reporting
0 channel 15 16 31SM:Field Section Monitoring
32 63
GCC: GeneralSource Communication
Access Channel
Destination Access TCM: Tandem Connection Monitoring
TTI Operator Specific
Point Identifier Point Identifier

April 2002

29
 OTUkV (k=1,2,3)
 Frame format is vendor specific
 Forward Error Correction code is vendor specific
 Minimum overhead set to support is:
• Trail Trace Identifier
• Error Detection Code (e.g. BIP)
• Backward Defect Indicator
• Backward Error Indicator
• (Backward) Incoming Alignment Error
 Other overhead is vendor specific
 ODUk mapping into OTUkV is vendor specific

April 2002

30
 Overhead versus OTN Interfaces
 OTM Interface Ports on IP Router, ATM Switch, Ethernet
Switch and SDH equipment should support the
following minimum set of overhead
• OPUk Client Specific
• OPUk Payload Structure Identifier (PSI)
• ODUk Path Monitoring (PM)
• OTUk Section Monitoring (SM)
• Frame Alignment (FAS, MFAS)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 FAS MFAS SM

OTUk FEC
Payload
Client

OPUk
2
Specific
3 PM
4 PSI

all-0's pattern

April 2002

31
 Overhead versus OTN Interfaces
 Overhead passed through network
• OTM UNI to OTM UNI
• OTM NNI IrDI to OTM NNI IrDI

OTM OTM OTM OTM

UNI NNI IrDI NNI IrDI UNI
USER Network Network Network
User
A Operator Operator Operator
Z
K L M

April 2002

32
 Overhead versus OTN Interfaces
 Overhead passed through network from OTM UNI to
OTM UNI interface
• OPUk PSI, Client Specific
• ODUk PM, TCM ACT, TCM1..TCMn, TCM ACT, RES
• ODUk GCC1, GCC2 according contract
• ODUk APS/PCC definition is under study

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 FAS MFAS SM GCC0 RES

OTUk FEC
Payload
TCM Client

OPUk
2 RES TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 FTFL
ACT Specific
3 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 PM EXP
4 GCC1 GCC2 APS/PCC RES PSI

passed through terminated and re-inserted based on regulations and contract

TCM1..TCMn are passed through,
based on contract may be overwritten in network TCMn+1..TCM6 may be overwritten
definition is under study

April 2002

33
 Overhead versus OTN Interfaces
 Overhead passed through network from OTM NNI IrDI
to OTM NNI IrDI interface
• OPUk PSI, Client Specific
• ODUk PM, TCM ACT, TCM1..TCMm, TCM ACT, FTFL, RES
– "m" in TCMm > "n" in TCMn (UNI-UNI)
• ODUk GCC1, GCC2 according contract
• ODUk APS/PCC definition is under study
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 FAS MFAS SM GCC0 RES

OTUk FEC
Payload
TCM Client

OPUk
2 RES TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 FTFL
ACT Specific
3 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 PM EXP
4 GCC1 GCC2 APS/PCC RES PSI

passed through terminated and re-inserted based on regulations and contract

TCM1..TCMm are passed through,
based on contract may be overwritten in network TCMm+1..TCM6 may be overwritten
definition is under study
April 2002

34
 Contents
 OTN Rationale
 OTN Layer Networks
 Multi level Connection
Monitoring
 Forward Defect Indication
 OTM Signals (FDI, AIS)
 Maintenance Signals  Backward Defect & Error
Indication (BDI, BEI)
 Mapping Client Signals
 Open Connection
 Multiplexing Indication (OCI)
 Virtual Concatenation  Locked (LCK)
 OTN Standards  Fault Type & Fault Location
(FTFL)

April 2002

35
 OTN Maintenance Signals:
Alarm Suppression
R use of OTN maintenance
signals FDI, AIS and PMI will
reduce number of alarms
from 500k to 1 per broken fiber

R
use of OTN maintenance at 3R point OCh-FDI
signal OTS-PMI (and OMS-PMI) is converted into
at line termination point
will prevent OTS [OMS] LOS alarm ODUk-AIS
when none ofs is presentOCh-FDI
OMS-FDI is converted
OCh-FDI into OCH-FDI
OMS-FDI OCh-FDI
3R
R
OTS-PMI OTS-PMI

1000 /fiber R
x 96 fibers/cable
x 5 cables/duct OCh-FDI
= 500k lost signals
April 2002
==> 500k LOS alarms in network
36
 OTN Maintenance Signals:
Alarm Suppression (FDI, AIS)

Ethernet
(STM-N)

 AIS/FDI at

MPLS
ATM
CBR

IP
• clients

MPLS-FDI
gen-AIS

VP-AIS

?
ODUk-AIS
 AIS at
ODUk

• ODUk
ODUk-AIS

 AIS at
OTUk

• OTUk
OTUk-AIS

 FDI at
OCh

OCh

OCh

OCh

OCh

OCh
Future server layer

• OCh
OCh-FDI

OCh-FDI

OCh-FDI

OCh-FDI

OCh-FDI

OCh-FDI
 FDI/PMI at
OMSn
• OMSn

OMSn-FDI
OMSn-PMI

 PMI at
OTSn
OTSn-PMI • OTSn

April 2002

37
 OTN Maintenance Signals:
Alarm Suppression (FDI, AIS)
 Generated at egress of OMSn, OCh and ODUk Link
Connections
 Inserted on detection of Signal Fail
 OMSn-FDI and OCh-FDI
• is non-associated overhead
 ODUk-AIS
• is special ODUk signal pattern (0xFF)
1 78 14 17 3824
1 FA OH OTUk OH
STAT

STAT

STAT
FTFL

2
All-1's pattern
STAT

STAT

STAT

STAT

April 2002

38
 Generic-AIS [STM-AIS]
 New maintenance signal @ STM-N level
• a continuous repeating 2047-bit PN-11 (1 + x9 + x11) sequence
 Generated in OTN tributary ports
• ingress trib: on detection of STM-N LOS
• egress trib: on detection of ODUk signal fail type defect
 To be detected in SDH line/trib ports in addition to STM-LOF as
"STM-AIS"
•  In existing equipment detected as STM-LOF 
insertion

OTN OTN detection

SDH with SDH trib with SDH trib SDH
STM
STM-N gen. OTM-n gen. STM-N
OOF/IF dLOF ODUk ODUk descr
AIS AIS
STM
framer LOS STM
dAIS LOS framer
dAIS
STM-N gen. OTM-n gen. STM-N
descr ODUk ODUk OOF/IF
AIS AIS STM
dLOF

April 2002

39
 OTN Maintenance Signals:
Backward Information (BDI, BEI)

Ethernet
(STM-N)

MPLS
 RDI/REI at
ATM
CBR

IP
RDI RDI
? BDI ?
REI REI • Clients
ODUk

ODUk-BDI
 BDI/BEI at
ODUk-BEI • ODUk
• OTUk
OTUk

OTUk-BDI
OTUk-BEI

 No BI at
OCh

OCh

OCh

OCh

OCh

OCh
Future server layer

• OCh

OMSn-BDI-P OMSn
OMSn-BDI-O  BDI at
• OTSn
OTSn-BDI-P OTSn • OMSn
OTSn-BDI-O

April 2002

40
 OTN Maintenance Signals:
Open Connection Indication (OCI)
 Generated in a Fabric
 Inserted when output port is not connected to input
port
 OCh-OCI
• is non-associated overhead
 ODUk-OCI
• special ODUk signal pattern (0x66)

1 78 14 17 3824
1 FA OH OTUk OH
STAT

STAT

STAT

2
Repeating "0110 0110" pattern
STAT

STAT

STAT

STAT

April 2002

41
 OTN Maintenance Signals:
Locked (LCK)
 Generated in ODUk Tandem Connection endpoint
 Inserted when Administrative State is Locked
• to block a user to access the connection
• to prevent test patterns within the network entering a user
domain
 ODUk-LCK
• special ODUk signal pattern (0x55)
1 78 14 17 3824
1 FA OH OTUk OH
STAT

STAT

STAT

2
Repeating "0101 0101" pattern
STAT

STAT

STAT

STAT

April 2002

42
 Fault Type & Fault Location (FTFL)
 Helps Service Provider to automatically locate fault/degradation to
specific Network Operator domain
 No need to call around any longer
 Section and Tandem Connection endpoints insert FTFL in forward
direction on detection of SF or SD condition
 Specific FTFL function at UNI
• extracts forward info and sends it in opposite direction as backward info
• filters outgoing and incoming FTFL information (security issue)
 Specific FTFL extraction function
• reads FTFL forward and backward information at intermediate point along
connection NO A
CPE1
X:A X:SP
NO C NO D
NO B CUSTOMER

IrDI
IrDI

IrDI

IrDI

IrDI

IrDI
SP:X A:X B:X B:X

ODUk Path Termination ODUk UNI Tandem Connection Termination ODUk Tandem Connection Termination OTUk Section Termination Equipment
April 2002

43
 Contents
 OTN Rationale
 OTN Layer Networks
 Multi level Connection
Monitoring
 OTM Signals
 Maintenance Signals  CBR (e.g. STM-N)
 IP, ETHERNET
 Mapping Client Signals
 ATM
 Multiplexing
 Test Signals
 Virtual Concatenation
 Bit stream with/without
 OTN Standards octet timing
 Bit Rate Agnostic CBR

April 2002

44
 Mapping STM-N (N=16,64,256)

3824
17
18
PSI RES RES RES 15
NJO JC JC JC 16
 G.709 provides 1 DD 3805D D
two mappings for

STM-16
2 DD 3805D D
STM-N signals
3 DD 3805D D
• bit synchronous

PJO
4 D 3805D D
• asynchronous

1904
1905

1920
1921

3824
PSI RES RES RES 15
NJO JC JC JC 16
17
 G.709 defines
interworking 1 118 x 16D 16FS 119 x 16D
STM-64

between both 2 118 x 16D 16FS 119 x 16D

mappings 3 118 x 16D 16FS 119 x 16D
• common
PJO

4 15D + 117 x 16D 16FS 119 x 16D

demapper, and
• bit synchronous 1264
1265

1280
1281

2544
2545

2560
2561

3824
PSI RES RES RES 15
NJO JC JC JC 16
17

mapping has 1 78 x 16D 16FS 79 x 16D 16FS 79 x 16D

STM-256

fixed
2 78 x 16D 16FS 79 x 16D 16FS 79 x 16D
Justification
Control (JC) 3 78 x 16D 16FS 79 x 16D 16FS 79 x 16D
PJO

4 15D + 77 x 16D 16FS 79 x 16D 16FS 79 x 16D

D: Data, FS: Fixed Stuff, JC: Justification Control, N/PJO: Negative/Positive JustificationApril
Opportunity
2002

45
 Mapping IP and Ethernet
 G.709 provides an encapsulation for packet based client
signals
 There is no need for SDH or 10G-Ethernet to encapsulate IP
 A new protocol is being defined: Generic Framing Procedure
• a generic mechanism to carry any packet signal over fixed rate
channels (e.g. SDH, SONET and OTN's ODUk) - ITU-T Rec. G.gfp
15 16 17 3824
PSI RES RES RES
RES RES RES RES

OPUk Payload Bandwidth for GFP stream in

OPUk
Overhead 0 PT
GFP Frame GFP Idle Frame ODU1: 2 488 320 kbit/s
1
PSI
ODU2: 9 995 276 kbit/s
RES ODU3: 40 150 519 kbit/s
4 4-65535 4
255
bytes bytes
April 2002

46
 Generic Framing Procedure G.7041
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Null Header
Bit 5 TYPE <15:08>
Octet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 PLI <15:08>
6 TYPE <07:00>
1
2 PLI <07:00>
7 tHEC <15:08>
2
3 cHEC <15:08>
Core

PFI
8 tHEC <07:00> 5 PTI EXI
3 Header
4 cHEC <07:00>

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
6 UPI
4
5 5 TYPE <15:08>

6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
6 TYPE <07:00>

7 5
7 tHEC <15:08>

8 Payload
8 tHEC <07:00> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Payload 9 9 CID <07:00>
Area
Header
10 Spare <07:00>
X+4 11 eHEC <15:08>
Extension
X+5 Header 12 eHEC <07:00>
N
N  65536 Linear with Frame
Multiplexing
GFP Frame Payload
Information X+3 eHEC <15:08>
Bit Field X+4 eHEC <07:00> CID: Channel ID
Octet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4  X  64 EXI: Extension Header ID
1 00 (B6) hex FCS: Frame Check Seq
HEC: Header Error Check
Payload FCS

2 00 (AB) hex N-3 pFCS <31:24>

PFI: Payload FCS Ind
optional

3 00 (31) hex N-2 pFCS <23:16> PLI: Payload Length Ind

4 00 (E0) hex N-1 pFCS <15:08> PTI: Payload Type ID
N pFCS UPI: User Payload ID
GFP Idle <07:00>
April 2002

47
 Mapping ATM
 G.709 provides a mapping for cell based client signals
 Mapping ATM into ODUk is similar to mapping into SDH

15 16 17 3824
PSI RES RES RES
RES RES RES RES

OPUk Payload
OPUk
Overhead 0 PT
1 ATM cell
PSI Bandwidth for ATM stream in
RES
ODU1: 2 488 320 kbit/s
255 ODU2: 9 995 276 kbit/s
53 bytes
ODU3: 40 150 519 kbit/s

April 2002

48
 Mapping Test Signals
 G.709 provides a mapping for test signals
 Two test signals are defined
• NULL sequence (all-0's)

Column
Row 15 16 17 18 3824

1 RES RES

2 RES RES
All-0's pattern
3 RES RES

4 PSI RES

OPUk OH OPUk Payload (4 x 3808 bytes) T1542830-00

(114739)
0 PT
1
PSI
RES

255
April 2002

49
 Mapping Test Signals
 Two test signals are defined (continued)
• 2 147 483 647-bit Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS)
1 + x28 + x31
– groups of 8 successive PRBS bits are mapped into a data byte

3824
PSI RES RES RES 15
RES RES RES RES 16
17
18

1 DD 3805x D D

2 DD 3805x D D

3 DD 3805x D D

4 DD 3805x D D

OPUk OH OPUk Payload (4 x 3808 bytes)

0 PT
1
PSI
RES
255
April 2002

50
 Mapping bit stream with[out] octet timing
 G.709 provides a generic mapping for client signals
encapsulated into a bit stream, with or without octet timing
 A regional standards organisation or an industry forum may
deploy this mapping for a new client signal
 It must also define the OPUk Client Specific (CS) overhead
Column
Row 15 16 17 18 3824
1 CS CS

2 CS CS

3 CS CS

4 PSI CS

OPUk OH OPUk Payload (4 x 3808 bytes)

0 PT
1
PSI
RES
CS: Client Specific overhead
255 April 2002

51
 Bit Rate Agnostic CBR Mapping

 New mapping method which maps a CBR signal of any

rate (within a range up to OPUk payload capacity)
 Bit rate is a fixed bit rate with a small tolerance in the
ppm range.
 For inclusion in G.709 version 2
 Description in G.709 Living List
 Further development in 2001/2002 timeframe

April 2002

52
 Contents
 OTN Rationale
 OTN Layer Networks
 Multi level Connection
Monitoring
 OTM Signals
 Maintenance Signals
 Wavelength Division
 Mapping Client Signals
Multiplex (WDM)
 Multiplexing  Time Division Multiplex
 Virtual Concatenation (TDM)
 OTN Standards  TDM Tributary Slots
 TDM Overhead
 TDM Mapping
April 2002

53
 Wavelength Division Multiplex
 OTM-16r.m signal
• 16 channels
• fixed 200 GHz grid independent of bit rate of OCh signal
• designed for interworking purposes
 OTM-n.m signal
• no predefined number of channels
• no predefined grid
• grid may depend on bit rate of OCh signal
– e.g. 25, 50, 100 GHz for OTU1, OTU2, OTU3 resp.
• developments in technology are driving capabilities

April 2002

54
 Wavelength Division Multiplex - Structure
OTM-0.m

x1 x1
OCCr OChr
xi

x1 xj x1 x1
OTM-nr.m OCG-nr.m OCCr OChr

OTU3[V]
xk
1  i+j+k  n x1
OCCr OChr

x1 OTU2[V]

x1 x1
OCC OCh
xi
OTU1[V]
x1 xj x1 x1
OTM-n.m OCG-n.m OCC OCh

xk
x1 1  i+j+k  n x1 x1
OCC OCh

x1 OTS, OMS, OCh, COMMS OH

OSC OOS
April 2002

55
 Time Division Multiplex
 TDM muxing in the OTN will be applied for:
• lower rate service signal transport
– in long distance line systems and/or sub-networks
optimised for single (higher) bit rate
• increased throughput
– in optical fabrics and/or sub-networks
• reduced administrative complexity
– in large networks
• lower cost networks
 TDM muxing introduces additional complexity when
tributary signal must be routed
• requires demux and mux stages around switch fabric

April 2002

56
 Time Division Multiplex
 TDM muxing is muxing of ODUk signals into higher
order ODUk signals
• ODU1 into ODU2
• ODU1 and/or ODU2 into ODU3
– ODU1 into ODU2 into ODU3 is possible, but not the
recommended method when ODU1s are the service signals that
are to be switched/cross connected within an "ODU3 network"
– if ODU1s enter such ODU3 network via ODU2, the ODU2 is
terminated at the edge and the ODU1s are remultiplexed into an
ODU3
– if ODU2 is service signal, of course no demuxing/remuxing will
occur at edges
 Multiplexing via byte interleaving

April 2002

57
 Time Division Multiplex - Structure

x1 x1 Client Signal
OTU3[V] ODU3 OPU3
x1 x 16
ODTUG3
x4
x1 Client Signal
x1 ODU2 OPU2
OTU2[V]
x1
ODTUG2
x4

x1 ODU1 x1 Client
OTU1[V] OPU1
Signal

Multiplexing Mapping

April 2002

58
 Time Division Multiplex - artist impression
 4x ODU1 into ODU2
Alignm
payload

OPU1 OH
Client Layer Signal
• ODU1 adapted to ODU1
ODU1 OH (e.g. STM-16, ATM, GFP)
ODU2 clock via
justification 4x

• adapted ODU1
signals byte Alignm

OPU2 OH

OPU1 OH
Alignm
interleaved into

OPU1 OH
Alignm Client Layer Signal

OPU1 OH
Alignm Client(e.g.
Layer Signal
STM-16)
ODU2 ODU1 OH

OPU1 OH
Client(e.g.
Layer Signal
STM-16)
OPU2 ODU2 OH
ODU1 OH
ODU1 OH
ODU1 OH
Client(e.g.
Layer Signal
STM-16)
(e.g. STM-16, ATM, GFP)

• ODU2 and OTU2

overhead added
 ODU1 floats in ¼ of OTU2
Alignm
the OPU2
Alignm
OH
OPU2 OH

OPU1 OH
Alignm

OPU1 OH
Alignm Client Layer Signal
OTU2 OTU2
OPU1 OH
Alignm Client(e.g.
Layer Signal
ODU1 OH STM-16)
OPU1 OH
OPU2 Payload Client(e.g.
Layer Signal
STM-16)
ODU2 OH
ODU1 OH Client(e.g.
Layer Signal
STM-16) FEC
 ODU1 frame will ODU1 OH
ODU1 OH (e.g. STM-16, ATM, GFP)

cross an ODU2
frame boundary NOTE - The ODU1 floats in ¼ of the OPU2 Payload area. An ODU1 frame will cross multiple ODU2 frame boundaries.
A complete ODU1 frame (15296 bytes) requires the bandwidth of (15296/3808 = ) 4.017 ODU2 frames. This is not illustrated.

April 2002

59
60
78

11
10
01
00
MFAS
bits Row

4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
1
Column

PSI PSI PSI PSI 15

JOH TS 4 JOH TS 3 JOH TS 2 JOH TS 1 16
OPU2 TribSlot 1 OPU2 TribSlot 1 OPU2 TribSlot 1 OPU2 TribSlot 1 17
OPU2 TribSlot 2 OPU2 TribSlot 2 OPU2 TribSlot 2 OPU2 TribSlot 2 18
OPU2 TribSlot 3 OPU2 TribSlot 3 OPU2 TribSlot 3 OPU2 TribSlot 3 19
OPU2 TribSlot 4 OPU2 TribSlot 4 OPU2 TribSlot 4 OPU2 TribSlot 4 20
OPU2 TribSlot 1 OPU2 TribSlot 1 OPU2 TribSlot 1 OPU2 TribSlot 1 21
OPU2 TribSlot 2 OPU2 TribSlot 2 OPU2 TribSlot 2 OPU2 TribSlot 2
OPU2 TribSlot 3 OPU2 TribSlot 3 OPU2 TribSlot 3 OPU2 TribSlot 3
OPU2 TribSlot 4 OPU2 TribSlot 4 OPU2 TribSlot 4 OPU2 TribSlot 4
OPU2 TribSlot 1 OPU2 TribSlot 1 OPU2 TribSlot 1 OPU2 TribSlot 1
OPU2 TribSlot 2 OPU2 TribSlot 2 OPU2 TribSlot 2 OPU2 TribSlot 2
OPU2 TribSlot 3 OPU2 TribSlot 3 OPU2 TribSlot 3 OPU2 TribSlot 3
OPU2 TribSlot 4 OPU2 TribSlot 4 OPU2 TribSlot 4 OPU2 TribSlot 4
Time Division Multiplex -

OPU2 Payload
OPU2 Payload
OPU2 Payload
OPU2 Payload

(4 x 3808 bytes)
(4 x 3808 bytes)
(4 x 3808 bytes)
(4 x 3808 bytes)
ODU2 Tributary Slot Allocation

OPU2 TribSlot 1 OPU2 TribSlot 1 OPU2 TribSlot 1 OPU2 TribSlot 1 3821

OPU2 TribSlot 2 OPU2 TribSlot 2 OPU2 TribSlot 2 OPU2 TribSlot 2 3822
OPU2 TribSlot 3 OPU2 TribSlot 3 OPU2 TribSlot 3 OPU2 TribSlot 3 3823
OPU2 TribSlot 4 OPU2 TribSlot 4 OPU2 TribSlot 4 OPU2 TribSlot 4 3824
April 2002
61
5678

1111
0001
0000
MFAS
bits Row

4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
1
Column

PSI PSI PSI 15

JOH TS 16
OPU3 TribSlot 1
OPU3 TribSlot 2
OPU3 TribSlot 3
OPU3 TribSlot 4
OPU3 TribSlot 5
OPU3 TribSlot 6
OPU3 TribSlot 7
OPU3 TribSlot 8
OPU3 TribSlot 9
OPU3 TribSlot 10
OPU3 TribSlot 11
OPU3 TribSlot 12
OPU3 TribSlot 13
JOH TS 2
OPU3 TribSlot 1
OPU3 TribSlot 2
OPU3 TribSlot 3
OPU3 TribSlot 4
OPU3 TribSlot 5
OPU3 TribSlot 6
OPU3 TribSlot 7
OPU3 TribSlot 8
OPU3 TribSlot 9
OPU3 TribSlot 10
OPU3 TribSlot 11
OPU3 TribSlot 12
OPU3 TribSlot 13
JOH TS 1 16
OPU3 TribSlot 1 17
OPU3 TribSlot 2 18
OPU3 TribSlot 3 19
OPU3 TribSlot 4 20
OPU3 TribSlot 5 21
OPU3 TribSlot 6 22
OPU3 TribSlot 7 23
OPU3 TribSlot 8
OPU3 TribSlot 9
OPU3 TribSlot 10
OPU3 TribSlot 11
OPU3 TribSlot 12
OPU3 TribSlot 13
Time Division Multiplex -

OPU3 TribSlot 14 OPU3 TribSlot 14 OPU3 TribSlot 14

OPU3 TribSlot 15
OPU3 TribSlot 16
OPU3 TribSlot 1
OPU3 TribSlot 2
OPU3 TribSlot 3
OPU3 TribSlot 15
OPU3 TribSlot 16
OPU3 TribSlot 1
OPU3 TribSlot 2
OPU3 TribSlot 3
OPU3 TribSlot 15 31
OPU3 TribSlot 16 32
OPU3 TribSlot 1 33
OPU3 TribSlot 2 34
OPU3 TribSlot 3
ODU3 Tributary Slot Allocation

OPU3 Payload
OPU3 Payload
OPU3 Payload

(4 x 3808 bytes)
(4 x 3808 bytes)
(4 x 3808 bytes)

3821
3822
OPU3 TribSlot 15 OPU3 TribSlot 15 OPU3 TribSlot 15 3823
April 2002

OPU3 TribSlot 16 OPU3 TribSlot 16 OPU3 TribSlot 16 3824

 Time Division Multiplex - Overhead
MSI, JC, PJO1, PJO2
Column

3821
3822
3823
3824
15
16
17
Row

JC
1

JC
2
OPUk Payload
JC
(4 x 3808 bytes)
3
NJO
PSI

4 PJO

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 JC Reserved JC
1 Reserved
2 OPU2 OPU3
MFAS MFAS
PJO1 17
18
19
20
PJO2 21
22
23
24

PJO1 17
18
19

32
PJO2 33
34
35

48
MSI bits 78 bits 5678
00 0000
17
PJO1

PJO2

PJO1

PJO2
18
01 0001
PJO1

PJO2

PJO1

PJO2
10 0010

Reserved
PJO1

PJO2

11

PJO1

PJO2
1111
255
April 2002

62
 Time Division Multiplex - Mapping
 Asynchronous mapping of ODU information bytes
 -1, 0, +1, +2 byte justification control
 ODU1 into ODU3 mapping includes Fixed Stuff column
• ODU1 into ODU2 and ODU2 into ODU3 mapping is without
fixed stuff

Column

3824
3808
3809

3823
1904
1905

1919
1920
1921
17

31
32
33

Row 1 16
1
OPU3 TribSlot 15
OPU3 TribSlot 16

U 15
OPU3 TribSlot 16

OPU3 TribSlot 15
OPU3 TribSlot 16
OPU3 TribSlot 1

IX TribSlot 1

OPU3 TribSlot 1
FF
OPU3 TribSlot
2 OPU3 Payload OPU3 Payload
JOH

ST
transporting FOPU3 transporting
3 16x ODU1 ED 16x ODU1
PSI

April 2002

63
 Contents
 OTN Rationale
 OTN Layer Networks
 Multi level Connection
Monitoring
 OTM Signals
 Maintenance Signals
 Mapping Client Signals
 Multiplexing  ODUk-Xv
 OPUk-Xv Overhead
 Virtual Concatenation
 Mapping Client signals
 OTN Standards

April 2002

64
 Virtual Concatenation
 Virtual Concatenated ODUk's
• ODUk-Xv, with X=1..256
 Provide
• Ability to transport STM-64 and STM-256 signals via fibers
not supporting 10G and/or 40G wavelengths
– STM-64 into ODU1-4v
– STM-256 into ODU2-4v or ODU1-16v
• Finer granularity bandwidth for data signals
– X * 2G5 [10G] [40G] via ODU1-Xv [ODU2-Xv] [ODU3-Xv]
– Application of Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS,
Rec. G.7042) offers
 Hitless bandwidth modification
 Build in resilience when signal components routed via
two or more diverse routes
April 2002

65
 Virtual Concatenation - Inverse muxing

3823X+1

3824X
14X+1
14X+2

15X+1
15X

16X

1  Mapping of
2 client signal
3
OPUk-X Payload
into OPUk-X
4
 Inverse muxing
OPUk-Xv OH OPUk-Xv Payload (4 x 3808 x X bytes) of OPUk-X
(8 x X bytes)
signal into X
OPUk signals
15 16 17 18 3824  ODUk overhead
1 is added to
VCOH

15 16
2
3824
each of the X
1
3 OPUk signals
OPUk-Xv
VCOH

4 PSI
2 OPUk#X  ODUk signals
3 are transported
4 PSI
OPUk#1

OPUk OH OPUk Payload (4 x 3808 bytes)

April 2002

66
 Virtual Concatenation - Overhead
VCOH1 VCOH2 VCOH3
 PSI Column #
MFAS
45678 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
• vcPT 15 16
00000 0 MFI1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 CRC8
VCOH
 VCOH 1
1

Mapping specific
00001 1 MFI2 8 9 CRC8
• MFI1, MFI2 VCOH

Row#
2
2 00010 2 Reserved CRC8
• SQ 3
VCOH
3 Reserved CRC8
• LCAS
00011 3
4 PSI
– CTRL 00100 4 SQ CRC8

RSA
GID
– GID 00100 5 CTRL RES CRC8

– RSA 0 PT
– MST 1
2
vcPT Member Status
– CRC8 Reserved
MST
(0 - 255)
CRC8

– Res
RES

255
11111 31 CRC8

SQ, CRC8 MFI1 MFI2 CTRL

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4

254
255

RSA: RS-Ack
MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB
April 2002

67
68





Row

4
3
2
1
Column
ATM
VCOH 14X+1

PSI
MPLS)
STM-N
VCOH 15X

PSI
Test signals
JC JC JC JC

GFP (IP, ETH,

JC JC JC JC
15X+1
JC JC JC JC
• asynchronous

4
3
2
1
• bitsynchronous
NJO NJO NJO NJO
PJO PJO PJO PJO 15X+5 4
3
2
1

PSI VCOH 14X+1

PSI VCOH 14X+2 PSI VCOH 14X+1
PSI VCOH 14X+3 PSI VCOH 14X+2
PSI VCOH 15X PSI VCOH 14X+3
JC JC JC JC

X=16
15X+1 PSI VCOH 15X

15231D
15231D
15231D
15231D
JC JC JC JC 15X+2 JC JC JC JC 15X+1
JC JC JC JC 15X+3 JC JC JC JC 15X+2
NJO NJO NJO NJO 16X JC JC JC JC 15X+3
JC JC JC JC 967X+4
PJO PJO PJO PJO 16X+1 NJO NJO NJO NJO 16X
JC JC JC JC
16X+2 PJO PJO PJO PJO 16X+1
JC JC JC JC
16X+3 16X+2
NJO NJO NJO NJO
17X 16X+3
PJO PJO PJO PJO 968X+9
17X

15231D
15231D
15231D
15231D
4 x 118 x 16D - 1
4 x 118 x 16D - 1
4 x 118 x 16D - 1
4 x 118 x 16D - 1

JC JC JC JC 1919X+9
JC JC JC JC
JC JC JC JC 1904X
NJO NJO NJO NJO
190X+1
PJO PJO PJO PJO 1919X+13
X=4

4 x 3808D - 1
4 x 3808D - 1
4 x 3808D - 1
4 x 3808D - 1

4 x 16FS
4 x 16FS
4 x 16FS
4 x 16FS

1920X
Virtual Concatenation - Mapping

1920X+1
15231D
15231D
15231D
15231D

JC JC JC JC 2871X+13
JC JC JC JC
JC JC JC JC
NJO NJO NJO NJO
PJO PJO PJO PJO 2871X+18
4 x 119 x 16D
4 x 119 x 16D
4 x 119 x 16D
4 x 119 x 16D
STM-64 into OPU1-4v

15231D
15231D
15231D
15231D
STM-256 into OPU1-16v

April 2002
STM-256 into OPU2-4v

3824X 3824X 3824X

 Contents
 OTN Rationale
 OTN Layer Networks
 Multi level Connection
Monitoring
 OTM Signals
 Maintenance Signals
 Mapping Client Signals
 Multiplexing
 Virtual Concatenation
 OTN Standards

April 2002

69
 OTN Standards in ITU-T - Transport Plane
 Framework G.871 (10/00)
 Network Architecture G.872 (10/01)
 Structures and bit rates G.709 (02/01), G.709 am.1 (10/01)
 Equipment G.798 (10/01)
 Equipment Management Function G.874 (10/01), G.7710 (11/01)
 Protection G.gps (2002), G.otnprot (2002)
 Data Communication Network G.7712 (10/01)
 Jitter & Wander Performance G.8251 (2002)
 Error Performance G.optperf (2002)
 Physical G.959.1 (02/01), G.693, G.dsn (2003)
 Information Model G.874.1 (10/01), G.875 (2002)
 Optical Safety G.664 (06/99)
 Generic Framing Procedure G.7041 (10/01)
 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme G.7042 (10/01)
 Bringing into Service & Maintenance M.24otn (2003)
 Q factor measurement O.qfm (?) April 2002

70
 OTN Standards in ITU-T - Control Plane
 Automatic Switched Transport G.807 (05/01)
Network
 Automatic Switched Optical Network G.8080 (10/01)
 Distributed Connection Management G.7713 (10/01)
 Automatic Discovery Techniques G.7714 (10/01)
 Routing G.7715 (2002)
 Signalling Communication Network G.7712 (10/01)
 Link Resource Manager G.7716 (2002?)

April 2002

71
 OTN Standards in ITU-T
ITU-T OTN Recommendations
Transport Plane Network Architecture Framework for OTN Rec's
(G.872) (G.871/Y.1301)

Structures & Mappings Physical Layer

(G.709) (G.959.1, G.692, G.693, G.dsn)

Equipment Functional Spec. Equipment Man. Function Information Model

(G.798, G.806) (G.874, G.7710) (G.874.1, G.875)

Automatic Power Shut Down Data & Signalling

Protection Switching
Procedures for Optical Communication Network
(G.otnprot, G.gps)
Transport Systems (G.664) (G.7712)

Bringing into Service &

Jitter/Wander Performance Error Performance Maintenance for the OTN
(G.8251) (G.optperf) (M.24otn)

April 2002

72
 OTN Standards in ITU-T

ITU-T Recommendations
Automatic Switched
Control Plane Transport Network
(G.807)

Automatic Switched
Optical Network
(G.8080)

Distributed Call & Connection Automatic Neighbor Discovery Link Resource Manager
Management Techniques (G.7716)
(G.7713, G.7713.x (x=1,2,3)) (G.7714)

Data & Signalling

Routing Connection Admission Control Communication Network
(G.7715) (G.cac) (G.7712)

April 2002

73
THANK YOU