ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP.

HỒ CHÍ MINH

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA

KHOA KỸ THUẬT GIAO THÔNG

-----    -----

BK
TP.HCM

BÀI TẬP VỀ NHÀ

Môn học: Máy thuỷ khí (TR3083)

Chapter 2: Dimensional and model analysis

Nhóm: 01

Danh sách thành viên:

Bùi Khánh Luân 1812992

Nguyễn Ngọc Cường 1811652

Võ Văn Trung Nguyên 1813306

Học kỳ: HK202

Giảng viên: TS. Trần Tiến Anh

Ngày nộp: 29/03/2021

P2.1 Discuss the advantages of dimensional analysis

Solution:

The important advantages of dimensional analysis besides its main purpose to reduce
variables and group them in dimensionless form are:

①An enormous saving in time and money.

Suppose force F on a particular body immersed in a stream of fluid moving with velocity
c is a function of body length L, the fluid density  , the stream velocity C, and the fluid
viscosity  , it is expressed as

F  f  L, c ,  ,  
(2.1)

Where “f” means “a function of” and is to be determined experimentally. Generally, it

takes about 10 experimental points to define a curve. To find the effect of body length in
equation 2.1 we shall have to run the experiment for 10 lengths L. For each L, we shall
need 10 values of C, 10 values of  and 10 values of  making a grand total of 10,000
experiments. At a rate of 200USD per experiment, the total expenditure would be in
several lakhs. However, with dimensional analysis, we can immediately reduce the
equation 2.1 to an equivalent form

F   cL 

 c L   
2 2
(2.2)

or Cf =g  Re 
(2.3)

F
that is the dimensionless force coefficient  c L
2 2
and it is the only function of

 cL
dimensionless Reynolds number  .We shall learn exactly how to make this reduction
in the following sections

The function “g” is different mathematically from the original function “f”, but it contains
all the same information. Nothing is lost in a dimensional analysis. The function “g” can
be established by running the experiment for only 10 values of the single variable called
the Reynolds number resulting in huge saving of time and money.

② The prediction of a prototype performance from tests conducted on a scale model.

The dimensional analysis provides “scaling laws” which can convert data from a cheap,
small model into design information for an expensive large prototype. For example, one
need not build a turbomachine and see whether it has the maximum desired efficiency.
One can measure the efficiency on a small model and use a scaling law to predict the
efficiency of a full-scale prototype turbomachine. For example, we don't build a million
rupees air plane and see whether it has enough lift force. We measure the lift force on a
small model and use a scaling law to predict the lift on the full-scale prototype airplane.

③ The determination of the most suitable type of machine on the basis of maximum
efficiency for a specified range of head, speed and flow rate

P2.18 A Pelton turbine produces 10,000kW of power while working under a head of
500 m. The speed is 300 rpm. Assuming lhe efficiency of tile turbine to be 80%, find
the values of unit quantities. If the head on the turbine falls to 350 m, find the new
discharge, speed and power for the same efficiency. Verify the specific speed.
Solution:

a) Unit discharge:

P1
0 
 gQ1 H1
P1 10000  103
 Q1   3  2.55 m3 / s
 g0 H1 10  9.81 0.8  500
Q1
Qu   0.114
H1

b) Unit speed:

1 300
u   13.42
H1 500

c) Unit power:
 P1 10000
Pu  3/2
  0.894
H1 5003/2

d) New discharge:

Q2
Qu 
H2

 Q2  Qu H 2  0.114  350  2.13 m3 / s

e) New speed:

2
u 
H2

  2  u H 2  13.42  350  251rpm

f) New Power:

P2
Pu 
H 23/2

 P2  Pu H 2 3/2  0.89  3503/2  5853.8kW

g) Special speed:

2 P2 251 5853.8
s    12.69
 H2   350 
5/ 4 5/4