Exercise 5B

1 a 3 + 7 + 11 + 14 + . . . (for 20 terms) 1 e 5 + 7 + 9 + . . . + 75
Here, a = 5, d = 2 and L = 75.
Substitute a = 3, d = 4, n = 20 into Use L = a + (n – 1)d to find n:
75 = 5 + ( n − 1) × 2
n 20
S=
n
2
( )
2a + ( n − 1) d=
2
( 6 + 19 × 4 ) 70 = ( n − 1) × 2
=10 × 82 = 820 35= n − 1
n = 36 ( 36 terms )
b 2 + 6 + 10 + 14 + . . . (for 15 terms)
Substitute a = 5, d = 2, n = 36 and L = 75
Substitute a = 2, d = 4, n = 15 into into
n 36
n 15
Sn = (a + L)= ( 5 + 75)
2 2
S=
n
2
( )
2a + ( n − 1) d=
2
( 4 + 14 × 4 )
=18 × 80 =1440
15
= × 60 = 450 f 4 + 7 + 10 + . . . + 91
2
Here, a = 4, d = 3 and L = 91.
c 30 + 27 + 24 + 21 + . . . (40 terms) Use L = a + (n − 1)d to find n:
91 = 4 + ( n − 1) × 3
Substitute a = 30, d = −3, n = 40 into
87 = ( n − 1) × 3
n
S=( 2a + ( n − 1) d ) 29
= ( n − 1)
n
2 n = 30 ( 30 terms )
40
=
2
( 60 + 39 × ( −3) ) Substitute a = 4, d = 3, L = 91 and n = 30
into
=20 × ( −57 ) =−1140 n 30
Sn = (a + L)= ( 4 + 91)
2 2
d 5 + 1 + −3 + −7 + . . . (14 terms)
=15 × 95 =1425
Substitute a = 5, d = −4, n = 14 into
g 34 + 29 + 24 + 19 + . . . + −111
n
S=
n
2
( 2a + ( n − 1) d ) Here, a = 34, d = −5 and L = −111.
Use L = a + (n − 1)d to find n:
14 −111= 34 + ( n − 1) × ( −5 )
=
2
(10 + 13 × ( −4 ) )
−145= ( n − 1) × ( −5)
=7 × ( −42 ) =−294
= ( n − 1)
29
n = 30 ( 30 terms )
Substitute a = 34, d = −5, L = −111 and n
= 30 into
n 30
S=n
2
( a + L=)
2
( 34 + ( −111) )
=15 × ( −77 ) =−1155

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1 h (x + 1) + (2x + 1) + (3x + 1) + . . . 2 b 3 + 8 + 13 + 18 + . . . = 1575
+ (21x + 1) Substitute a = 3, d = 5, Sn = 1575 into
Here, a = x + 1, d = x and n
L = 21x + 1.
S=
n
2
( 2a + ( n − 1) d )
Use L = a + (n − 1)d to find n: n
21x + 1 = x + 1 + ( n − 1) × x 1575=
2
( 6 + ( n − 1) × 5)
20 x = ( n − 1) × x n
15
= 75 ( 5n + 1)
20
= ( n − 1) 2
= n ( 5n + 1)
3150
n = 21 ( 21terms )
Substitute a = x + 1, d = x, 0= 5n 2 + n − 3150
L = 21x + 1 and n = 21 into ( 5n + 126 )( 25
0= n− )
n 21 126
S=n ( a + L=) ( x + 1 + 21x + 1) n=− , 25
2 2 5
21 Number of terms is 25.
= × ( 22 x + 2 ) = 21(11x + 1)
2
c64 + 62 + 60 + . . . = 0
2 a 5 + 8 + 11 + 14 + . . . = 670 Substitute a = 64, d = −2 and
Substitute a = 5, d = 3, Sn = 670 into Sn = 0 into
n n
S=
n
2
( 2a + ( n − 1) d ) S=
n
2
( 2a + ( n − 1) d )
n n
670=
2
(10 + ( n − 1) × 3) = 0
2
(128 + ( n − 1) × ( −2 ) )
n n
670 = ( 3n + 7 ) = 0 (130 − 2n )
2 2
= n ( 3n + 7 )
1340 = 0 n ( 65 − n )
0 = 3n 2 + 7 n − 1340 n = 0 or 65
Number of terms is 65.
=0 ( n − 20 )( 3n + 67 )
67 d 34 + 30 + 26 + 22 + . . . = 112
n = 20 or −
3 Substitute a = 34, d = −4 and
Number of terms is 20. Sn = 112 into
n
S=
n
2
( 2a + ( n − 1) d )
n
112
=
2
( 68 + ( n − 1) × ( −4 ) )
n
112 = ( 72 − 4n )
2
112 n ( 36 − 2n )
=
2n 2 − 36n + 112 =
0
n 2 − 18n + 56 =
0
( n − 4 )( n − 14 ) =
0
n = 4 or 14
Number of terms is 4 or 14

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2
3 S= 2
+ 4 + 
6 + 8 +
… 6 Let the first term be a and the common
50 terms difference d.
This is an arithmetic series with
a = 2, d = 2 and n = 50. Sum of first three terms is 12, so
n
Use S= n
2
( 2a + ( n − 1) d ) a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) = 12
3a + 3d = 12
50 a+d=4 (1)
So S= ( 4 + 49 × 2 )
2 20th term is −32, so
=25 ×102 =2550 a + 19d = −32 (2)
Equation (2) − Equation (1):
4 7 + 12 + 17 + 22 + 27 + . . . > 1000 18d = −36
n d = −2
Using S=n (2a + (n − 1)d )
2 Substitute d = −2 into Equation (1):
1000=
n
(2 × 7 + (n − 1)5) a + ( −2 ) =4
2 a=6
2000= n(14 + 5n − 5) Therefore, first term is 6 and common
2000
= n(5n + 9) difference is −2.
5n2 + 9n − 2000 = 0
−9 ± 92 − 4 × 5 × (−2000)
n= 7 S50 = 1 + 2 + 3 + … + 48 + 49 + 50 (1)
2×5
S50 = 50 + 49 + 48 + … + 3 + 2 + 1 (2)
−9 ± 40081
n=
10 Adding (1) and (2):
n = 19.12... or n = −20.92... 2 × S50 = 50 × 51
So 20 terms are needed. 50 × 51
S50 =
2
5 Let common difference = d. = 1275
Substitute a = 4, n = 20, and
S20 = −15 into 8 Sum required =1 + 2 + 3 + … + 2n

n
S=
n
2
( 2a + ( n − 1) d ) Arithmetic series with a = 1, d = 1 and n = 2n.
n
20 Use S= ( 2a + ( n − 1) d )
(8 + ( 20 − 1) d )
n
−15
= 2
2 2n
−15= 10 ( 8 + 19d ) =
2
( 2 × 1 + ( 2n − 1) ×1)
−1.5 =8 + 19d 2n
= ( 2n + 1)
19d = −9.5 2
d = −0.5 = n ( 2n + 1)

The common difference is −0.5.

Use nth term = a + (n − 1)d to find

20th term = a + 19d

= 4 + 19 × (−0.5)
= 4 − 9.5 = −5.5

20th term is −5.5.

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3
9 Required sum = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + …  304 
  
n terms k +2
11
= b Sn  (k + 1 + 303)
This is an arithmetic series with 2
a = 1, d = 2 and n = n. 152
n = Sn (k + 304)
Use S=n
2
( 2a + ( n − 1) d ) k +2
152k + 46 208
n Sn =
=
2
( 2 ×1 + ( n − 1) × 2 ) k +2

n 152k + 46 208
= ( 2 + 2n − 2 ) c 2568 =
2 k +2
n× 2n 2568(k + 2)= 152k + 46 208
=
2 2416k = 41 072
= n×n k = 17

= n2 33
12 a =
Sn (3 + 99)
2
10 a u5 = 33, so a + 4d = 33 (1)
= 1683
u10 = 68, so a + 9d = 68 (2)
(2) − (1) gives:
b i 4p + (n − 1)4p = 400
5d = 35
4pn = 400
d=7
a=5 100
n=
n p
2225= (2 × 5 + (n − 1)7)
2
4450
= n(7 n + 3)  100 
 p 
7 n 2 + 3n − 4450 = 0 ii S n 
=  (4 p + 400)
2
b 50
= Sn (4 p + 400)
−3 ± 32 − 4 × 7 × (−4450) p
n=
2× 7 20 000
S n 200 +
=
−3 ± 124 609 p
n=
14
−3 ± 353 c u80 = 3p + 2 + (80 − 1)(2p + 1)
n= = 3p + 2 + 158p + 79
14
= 161p + 81
n = 25 or −25.42
So n = 25
13 a un = a + (n − 1)d
= 6 + (n − 1)5
11 a un = a + (n − 1)d
= 6 + 5n − 5
303 = k + 1 + (n − 1)(k + 2)
= 5n + 1
303 = k + 1 + nk + 2n − k − 2
303 = nk + 2n − 1
b u10 = 5 × 10 + 1 = 51
304 = n(k + 2)
10
304 =S10 (6 + 51)
n= 2
k +2 = 5 × 57
= 285

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4
 k Challenge
13 c S=
k (2 × 6 + (k − 1)5)
2
S n 3n ( n + 2 ) and 4Tn + 4 + 16 =
= Sn−4
k
= (12 + 5k − 5) The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic
2
n
=
k
(5k + 7) sequence is given by S= n
2
( 2a + ( n − 1) d ) , so
2
n
k
(5k + 7)  1029 2
( 2a + ( n − 1) d =) 3n ( n + 2 )
2
5k 2 + 7 k  2058 2a + ( n − 1) d = 6 ( n + 2 )
5k 2 + 7 k − 2058  0 When n = 1
(5k − 98)(k + 21)  0 2a + (1 − 1) d = 6 (1 + 2 )
a=9
d As k > 0, 5k − 98 = 0, k = 19.6 when n = 2
So k = 19 2 ( 9 ) + ( 2 − 1) d = 6 ( 2 + 2 )
18 + d = 24
d =6
So the nth term of the sequence is given by
Tn= 2 + 6n
So Tn + 4 =2 + 6 ( n + 4 ) =26 + 6n
and since
4Tn + 4 + 16 =
Sn−4
4 ( 26 + 6n ) + 16 =
Sn−4
120 + 24n =
Sn−4
S n 3n ( n + 2 )
=
so
S n − 4= 3 ( n − 4 )( n − 4 + 2 )
=3 ( n − 4 )( n − 2 )
= 3 ( n 2 − 6n + 8 )
120 + 24n = 3n 2 − 18n + 24
3n 2 − 42n − 96 =
0
n 2 − 14n − 32 = 0
( n + 2 )( n − 16 ) 0
=
n= −2 or n =16
Since n cannot be negative, n = 16.

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