Module 2: Advance Engineering Mathematics Week 1: February 8 – 12, 2021

SY: 2020-2021 /Second Sem/BS ECE2

I. Introduction
Imaginary numbers like the real numbers are susceptible to change, we can also apply operations like
addition, multiplication, subtraction etc. to imaginary numbers, but before that we must first know what are
the properties of a complex number. So, for this Module we are now going to study the properties and
Operations on Complex numbers.

I. Subject Matter
Complex Numbers: Properties & operations on complex numbers
II. Learning objectives
• Students be able to Recognize the different properties of a complex number (Knowledge)
• Students be able to Evaluate the operations on complex numbers (skill)
III. Examples and Discussions

Topic3.1: Properties of a Complex numbers

• Conjugate and Absolute Value

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒:
Given a complex number 𝑧 = 𝑎 ± 𝑏𝑖, then its conjugate is given by 𝑧̅ = 𝑎 ∓ 𝑏𝑖.

Example1. What is the conjugate of 𝑧 = 3 − 2𝑖?

Ans: 3 + 2𝑖
Explanation: conjugate is just changing the sign of the coefficient of the imaginary part

Example2. What is the conjugate of 𝑧 = −5 + 8𝑖?

Ans: −5 − 8𝑖

𝐴𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒:

Given a complex number 𝑧 = 𝑎 ± 𝑏𝑖, then its conjugate is given by|𝑧| = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒 & 𝐴𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝

Property1: 𝒛 + 𝒛̅ = 𝟐𝒂

Property2: 𝒛 × 𝒛̅ = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐

Property3: |𝒛| = √𝒛 × 𝒛̅

*Derivations of the properties will be shown to my video discussion

Quick test: do Exercise 1 on the exercises content on a ½ crosswise sheet of paper.

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Module 2: Advance Engineering Mathematics Week 1: February 8 – 12, 2021
SY: 2020-2021 /Second Sem/BS ECE2

• Equality property of two Complex number

If 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 = 𝑐 + 𝑑𝑖, then 𝑎 = 𝑐 & 𝑏 = 𝑑.

The property shows that if two complex numbers are equal then their real part must be equal
and so as with the coefficients of the imaginary part.

Example3. If 𝑍 = 5 + 2𝑦𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 = −𝑥 + 6𝑖, are equal. What are the values of x & y?

Process Explanation
𝑍=𝐶
Equate the two complex number
5 + 2𝑦𝑖 = −𝑥 + 6𝑖
Determine the real parts on both side of the
5&−𝑥
equal sign
Equate them because according to equality
5 = −𝑥(eq.1) property the real part of both complex
numbers must be equal
Determine the coefficient of the imaginary
2𝑦 & 6
part on both side of the equal sign
2𝑦 = 6(eq.2)
And equate them
For x: −1(−𝑥 = 5) − 1
𝑥 = −5 Solve for the values of x & y: Since the two
equations are independent with each other
2𝑦 6
For y: ( 2 = 2) we can solve them separetly
𝑦=3
𝒙 = −𝟓 & 𝒚 = 𝟑 Final Answer

Example4. If 𝑥 + 𝑦 + (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑖 = 3 + 𝑖, what are the values of x & y?

Process Explanation
Determine the real parts on both side of the
𝑥+𝑦 &3
equal sign
Equate them because according to equality
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3(Eq.1)
property the real part of both complex
numbers must be equal
Determine the coefficient of the imaginary
𝑥−𝑦&1
part on both side of the equal sign
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1(Eq.2)
And equate them
Since the two equations are dependent with
𝑥+𝑦 =3 each other we solve for the values of x & y
𝑥−𝑦 =1 using system of linear equations: Substitution
or Elimination method
𝒙=𝟐&𝒚=𝟏 Final Answer

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Module 2: Advance Engineering Mathematics Week 1: February 8 – 12, 2021
SY: 2020-2021 /Second Sem/BS ECE2

Example5. If 2𝑥 2 + (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑖 = 50 − 5𝑖, what are the values of x & y?

Process Explanation
2𝑥 2 = 50 (Eq.1) Equate the real parts
𝑥 − 𝑦 = −5(Eq.2) Equate the Imaginary parts
2𝑥 2 50
=
2 2
𝑥 2 = 25 Since eq.1 is independent to eq.2, we can
√𝑥 2 = √25 already solve for the value of x.
𝑥 = ±5

• 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 5:
𝑥 − 𝑦 = −5
5 − 𝑦 = −5
𝑦 = 10 Solve for the values y by substituting the
• 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −5: values of x to equation 2.
𝑥 − 𝑦 = −5
−5 − 𝑦 = −5
𝑦=0
𝒙 = 𝟓 & 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 = −𝟓 & 𝒚 = 𝟎 Final Answer

Quick test: do Exercise 2 on the exercises content on a ½ crosswise sheet of paper.

Topic3.2: Operations of Complex Number

• Addition and Subtraction of Complex Numbers.

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Module 2: Advance Engineering Mathematics Week 1: February 8 – 12, 2021
SY: 2020-2021 /Second Sem/BS ECE2

Example6: Given

• Multiplication of Complex Numbers.

Complex Number Multiplied by a Constant(K):

𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: 𝒛 = 𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒛𝒌 = 𝒌(𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊) = 𝒌𝒂 + 𝒌𝒃𝒊

Example7: Given 𝑧 = 2 − 𝑖. Evaluate 3𝑧 & − 2𝑧.

For 𝟑𝒛:
3𝑧 = 3(2 − 𝑖) Distribute the constant 3 inside the parenthesis
𝟑𝒛 = 𝟔 − 𝟑𝒊 Final Answer
For −𝟐𝒛:
−2𝑧 = −2(2 − 𝑖) Distribute the constant -2 inside the parenthesis
−𝟐𝒛 = −𝟒 + 𝟐𝒊 Final Answer

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 Module 2: Advance Engineering Mathematics Week 1: February 8 – 12, 2021
SY: 2020-2021 /Second Sem/BS ECE2

Example7: Given

Quick test: do Exercise 3 on the exercises content on a ½ crosswise sheet of paper.

IV. Exercises
Exercise 1: Given 𝑍 = 3 − 4𝑖, determine the values of the following
a. |𝑍|
b. 𝑧̅
c. 𝑧 + 𝑧̅
d. 𝑧 × 𝑧̅
Exercise 2:
1. If 7𝑎 + (3𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑖 = 14 − 6𝑖. What are the values of a & b?
Exercise 3: Evaluate the Following operations
1. Given 𝑧 = 5 − 2𝑖 & 𝑏 = 4 + 𝑖, determine:
a. 𝑧 + 𝑏
b. 𝑏 − 𝑧
c. 3b
d. 𝑏𝑧

V. Assessment/Evaluation
Write your answer on a 1 whole sheet of paper, and follow the format.

Name: __________________ Date passed: ___________

Course & yr. level: _______________ Score: ____________

Directions: Read the instructions carefully before answering.

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 Module 2: Advance Engineering Mathematics Week 1: February 8 – 12, 2021
SY: 2020-2021 /Second Sem/BS ECE2

I. In your own words, how did you understand conjugate and Equality Property of Complex
number?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

II. In your own words, how do we add and multiply complex numbers?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

III. Given 𝑍 = −10 − 3𝑖, determine the values of the following

a. |𝑍|
b. 𝑧̅
c. 𝑧 + 𝑧̅
d. 𝑧 × 𝑧̅
2
IV. If 𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑖 = 16 + 9𝑖. What are the values of x & y?
V. If 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + (𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 5 + 𝑖. What are the values of x & y?
VI. Given 𝑎 = 6 + 5𝑖 & 𝑏 = −7 + 3𝑖, determine:
a. 𝑎 + 𝑏
b. 𝑏 − 𝑧
c. 2𝑎 − 𝑏
d. 𝑏𝑧

VI. Learning Resources/References

• Khan Academy website and youtube
• Math-Only-Math.com
• Higher Engineering Mathematics 8th edition by John Bird
• Precaculus: Mathematics for Calculus 7th edition by James Stewart
• Brilliant.org

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