˹˽˹˿˹ ϢδϘϟ΍

ΕΎϛϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧϮϣ

ΖγήϬϔϟ΍

ΔΤϔμϟ΍ Ϣϗέ ϥΎ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰ϴΒϟ΍ ΪϨΒϟ΍ Ϣϗέ

˺.......................................................................................................... ϡΎ˰˰˰˰˰˰ϋ ˺ ˯ΰ˰˰Πϟ΍

˺................................................................................................ ϞϤόϟ΍ ϒλϭ 1- 01
˺............................................................................ ϢδϘϟ΍ ΍άϫ ΎϬϠϤθϳ ϲΘϟ΍ ϝΎϤϋϷ΍ 1- 02
˺.......................................................................................... ΔϠμϟ΍ Ε΍Ϋ ϡΎδϗϷ΍ 1- 03
˺.......................................................................................................ϊΟ΍ήϤϟ΍ 1- 04
˼.....................................................................................................ΕΎϔϳήόΘϟ΍ 1- 05
˼............................................................................... ΎϬϤϳΪϘΗ ΏϮϠτϤϟ΍ Ε΍ΪϨΘδϤϟ΍ 1- 06
˽................................................................................................. ΓΩϮΠϟ΍ ςΒο 1- 07
˾............................................................................... Δϣϼδϟ΍ϭ ΔΤμϟ΍ Ε΍έΎΒΘϋ΍ 1- 08
˾.................................................................................................ϞϤόϟ΍ ρϭήη 1- 09
˿.................................................................................................. ϦϳΰΨΘϟ΍ϭ ΔϟϭΎϨϤϟ΍ϭ ϢϴϠδΘϟ΍
̀................................................................................................... ΕΎ˰˰˰ΠΘϨϤϟ΍ ˻ ΰ˰˰Πϟ΍
̀......................................................................................................... ϡΎ˰˰˰˰ϋ ˹˺-˻
̀.........................................................................................................Ω΍Ϯ˰Ϥϟ΍ ˹˻-˻
́................................................................................................ ςϠΨϟ΍ϭ ΔΒδϨϟ΍ ˹˼-˻
˺˹..................................................................................................... ά˰˰˰ϴϔϨΘϟ΍ ˼ ΰ˰˰Πϟ΍
˺˹..................................................................................................... ά˰˰˰ϴϔϨΘϟ΍ ˼ ΰ˰˰Πϟ΍
˺˹....................................................................................................... ΔϨϳΎόϤϟ΍ ˹˺-˼
˺˹..........................................................................................................ςϠΨϟ΍ ˹˻-˼
˺˹........................................................................................................ ϊοϮϟ΍ ˹˼-˼
˺˺........................................................................................................ ΔϓΎψϨϟ΍ ˹˽-˼

(˹) ΢ϴϘϨΘϟ΍ ΃ Ϣϗέ ΪϘϋ

 ˹˽˹˿˹ ϢδϘϟ΍
ΕΎϛϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧϮϣ

ϡΎ˰˰˰˰˰˰ϋ ˺ ˯ΰ˰˰Πϟ΍
ϞϤόϟ΍ ϒλϭ ˹˺ -˺
Ε΍Ϋ ΕΎϴϠϤόϟ΍ ΔϓΎϛ ˯΍Ω΃ϭ Ω΍ϮϤϟ΍ϭ ΔϠϣΎόϟ΍ ϱΪϳϷ΍ ΔϓΎϛ Ϧϴϣ΄Η Ϧϣ ϢδϘϟ΍ ΍άϫ ϲϓ ϰτϐϤϟ΍ ϞϤόϟ΍ ϥϮϜΘϳ (΃
.ϙϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤΑ ΔϠμϟ΍

ϢδϘϟ΍ ΍άϫ ΎϬϠϤθϳ ϲΘϟ΍ ϝΎϤϋϷ΍ ˹˻ -˺

ΕΎϛϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧϮϣ (΃

Ω΍ϮϤϟ΍ (˺

ΕΎτϠΨϟ΍ (˻

ϊοϮϟ΍ (˼

ΔϠμϟ΍ Ε΍Ϋ ϡΎδϗϷ΍ ˹˼ -˺

ϞϤόϟ΍ ήϴγ ϡΪϘΗ Ε΍ΪϨΘδϣ ˹˺˼˻˹ ϢδϘϟ΍ (΃

ΎϬϤϳΪϘΗ ΏϮϠτϤϟ΍ Ε΍ΪϨΘδϤϟ΍ Ε΍˯΍ήΟ· ˹˺˼˼˹ ϢδϘϟ΍ (Ώ

ΔϴϤϴψϨΘϟ΍ ΕΎΒϠτΘϤϟ΍ ˹˺˽˺˹ ϢδϘϟ΍ (Ν

ΓΩϮΠϟ΍ ςΒο ˹˺˽˾˹ ϢδϘϟ΍ (Ω

ΞΘϨϤ˵ ϟ΍ ϞϴλϮΗ ΕΎΒϠτΘϣ ˹˺˿˾˹ ϢδϘϟ΍ (ϩ

ΞΘϨϤϟ΍ ΔϟϭΎϨϣϭ ϦϳΰΨΗ ΕΎΒϠτΘϣ ˹˺˿˿˹ ϢδϘϟ΍ (ϭ

Δϴ΋ΎθϧϹ΍ ΔϧΎγήΨϟ΍ ˹˼˼˺˹ ϢδϘϟ΍ (ί

ΕΎϛϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧΎΒϟ ˹˽˹̀˹ ϢδϘϟ΍ (Ρ

ΕΎϛϮϠΒϟ΍ ΢ϴϠδΗ ϭ ΖϴΒΜΗ ˹˽˹́˹ ϢδϘϟ΍ (ρ

ϙϮϠΒϟ΍ ϡί΍Ϯϟ ˹˽˹̂˹ ϢδϘϟ΍ (ϱ

ϲϨϴτϟ΍ ϙϮϠΒϟ΍ Ε΍ΪΣϭ ˹˽˻˺˹ ϢδϘϟ΍ (ϙ

ϲϧΎγ΍ήΨϟ΍ ϙϮϠΒϟ΍ Ε΍ΪΣϭ ˹˽˻˻˹ ϢδϘϟ΍ (ϝ

ϙϮϠΒϟ΍ Ε΍ΪΣϭ ϊϴϤΠΗ ˹˽́˺˹ ϢδϘϟ΍ (ϡ

ϊΟ΍ήϤϟ΍ ˹˽ -˺
ΩϮѧΟϭ ΔϟΎΣ ϲϓϭ ΕΎΠΘϨϤϟ΍ϭ Ω΍ϮϤϟ΍ ΓΩϮΟ Ϧϣ ϝϮΒϘϣ ϯϮΘδϣ ϖϘΤΘϟ ΎϫΩ΍Ϊϋ· ϢΗ ΔϴϟΎΘϟ΍ βϴϳΎϘϤϟ΍ϭ Ω΍ϮϛϷ΍ (΃
.Δϔλ΍ϮϤϟ΍ ϩάϫ κϨϟ ϡΎϜΘΣϻ΍ ΐΠϳ Δϔλ΍ϮϤϟ΍ ϩάϫ κϧϭ Ω΍ϮϛϷ΍ ϩάϫ ϦϴΑ ϑϼΧ

(˹) ΢ϴϘϨΘϟ΍ ˺˺ Ϧϣ ˺ Ϣϗέ ΪϘϋ

 ˹˽˹˿˹ ϢδϘϟ΍
ΕΎϛϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧϮϣ

ΔϟΎΣ ϲϓϭ ˬ ϢδϘϟ΍ ΍άϬΑ ΔϘϠόΘϤϟ΍ ΔΑϮϠτϤϟ΍ ΕΎϔλ΍ϮϤϟ΍ϭ Ω΍ϮϛϷ΍ Ϧϣ ΔΤϘϨϣ ΔΨδϧ ΙΪΣ΃ ϡ΍ΪΨΘγ΍ ΐΠϳ (Ώ
Ω΍ϮϛϷ΍ Ϧϣ ΓΪΣ΍ϭ ΔϋϮϤΠϤϟ ΔϘΑΎτϤϟ΍ Ε΍ΪόϤϟ΍ ΡήΘϘϳ ϥ΃ ϝϭΎϘϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΐΠϳ ϑϼΘΧ΍ ϱ΃ ΙϭΪΣ
.ΕΎϔλ΍ϮϤϟ΍ϭ

(SAOSO) βϴϳΎϘϤϟ΍ϭ ΕΎϔλ΍ϮϤϠϟ ΔϳΩϮόδϟ΍ ΔϴΑήόϟ΍ ΔΌϴϬϟ΍ (Ν

ΐϠμΘϟ΍ ϊϳήδϟ΍ϭ ϱΩΎόϟ΍ ϱΪϧϼΗέϮΒϟ΍ ΖϨϤγϷ΍ SASO 143 (˺
American Concrete Institute (ACI) (Ν
Cement and Concrete Terminology ACI 116R (˺
Specifications for Structural Concrete ACI 301 (˻
Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures ACI 530 (˼
Specification for Masonry Structures ACI 530.1 (˽
Rehabilitation, Renovation and Preservation of Concrete ACI SP -85 (˾
Masonry Structures
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) (˰ϫ
Standard Specification for Quicklime for Structural Purposes ASTM C5 (˺
Standard Specification for Masonry Cement ASTM C91 (˻
Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic ASTM C109M (˼
Cement Mortars (Using 50-mm Cube Specimen)
Standard Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar ASTM C144 (˽
Standard Specification for Portland Cement ASTM C150 (˾
Standard Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes ASTM C207 (˿
Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry ASTM C270 (̀
Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Chemical-Resistant ASTM C321 (́
Mortars
Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Hydraulic-Cement ASTM C348 (̂
Mortars
Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materials for ASTM 387 (˺˹
Mortar and Concrete
Standard Specification for Grout for Masonry ASTM C476 (˺˺
Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements ASTM C595 (˺˻
Standard Test Method for Preconstruction and Construction ASTM C780 (˺˼
Evaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Unit Masonry
Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Mortar to Masonry Units ASTM C952 (˺˽
Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Mortar to Masonry Units ASTM C979 (˺˾
Standard Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored ASTM C1072 (˺˿
Concrete

(˹) ΢ϴϘϨΘϟ΍ ˺˺ Ϧϣ ˻ Ϣϗέ ΪϘϋ

 ˹˽˹˿˹ ϢδϘϟ΍
ΕΎϛϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧϮϣ

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Masonry Flexural Bond ASTM C1142 (˺̀
Strength
Standard Specification for Extended Life Mortar for Unit Masonry ASTM C1314 (˺́
Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Masonry Prisms ASTM C1329 (˺́
Standard Test Method for Examination and Analysis of Hardened ASTM C1324 (˺̂
Masonry Mortar
Standard Specification for Mortar Cement ASTM C1329 (˻˹
Standard Test Methods for Flexural Bond Strength of Masonry ASTM E518 (˻˺
ΕΎϔϳήόΘϟ΍ ˹˾ -˺
.ΔϧΎγήΨϟ΍ ϲϓ ρϼΧ΃ ϭ΃ ΖϨϤγϸϟ ΔϴϓΎο· Ω΍Ϯϣ Ύϣ· ϡΪΨΘδΗ Ϊϗ ϲΘϟ΍ Ω΍ϮϤϠϟ ϡΎϋ ΢Ϡτμϣ ϲϫ :ΔϓΎπϤϟ΍ (΃

ήϴϏ ήϴΠϟ΍ ΔΠϟΎόϤΑ Ύ˱ϳϮΘΤϣ ϑΎΟ ϕϮΤδϣ Ϧϣ ϡϮϴδϟΎϜϟ΍ Ϊϴδϛϭ΍ϭέΪϳΎϫ Ϯϫ :˯ΎϤϟ΍ ϊϣ ΪΤΘϤϟ΍ ήϴΠϟ΍ (Ώ
.˯ΎϤϟ΍ ϊϣ ΄ϔτϤϟ΍

Ϧϣ ΓϮΠϔϟ΍ Ϟϐθϳϭ ΔΜϳΪΤϟ΍ ΔϧΎγήΨϟ΍ ϲϓ ϢϋΎϨϟ΍ ϰμΤϟ΍ϭ ΖϨϤγϷ΍ ϥϮΠόϣ Ϧϣ ΔτϠΧ ϰϫ :ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ (Ν
ϙϮϠΒϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ϱϮΘΤΗ Ϊϗ ϲΘϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ Εϼλϭ ϭ ΕΎϛϮϠΒϟ΍ Γ΂θϨϣ ϲϓϭ ϦθΨϟ΍ ϰμΤϟ΍ Ε΍έΫ ϝϼΧ
ϲϜϟ (ϯήΧϷ΍ ΔϨϜϤϤϟ΍ ρϼΧϷ΍ ξόΑϭ) ήϴΠϟ΍ ϊϣ ϲϜϴϟϭέΪϳΎϬϟ΍ ΖϨϤγϷ΍ ϰϠϋ ϱϮΘΤΗ Ϊϗ ϭ ϲΘϨϤγϷ΍
ΖϨϤγϷ΍ ΔϧϮϣ αΎϴϘϣ ϊϣ ΎϬϴϠϋ ϝϮμΤϟ΍ ϦϜϤϳ ϲΘϟ΍ Ϧϣ ήΜϛ΃ ΔϴϠϤϋϭ ΔϧϭΪϠϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΍˱Ϊϳΰϣ ΎϬΤϨϤΗ
.ϱΪϧϼΗέϮΒϟ΍

.ΔϤϋΎϧϭ ΔϓΎΟ ϖϴΣΎδϣ Δτγ΍ϮΑ Ύ˱ϣϭΩ ϦϳϮϠΘϟ΍ ϢΘϳ :ϦϳϮϠΘϟ΍ (Ω

ΎϬϤϳΪϘΗ ΏϮϠτϤϟ΍ Ε΍ΪϨΘδϤϟ΍ ˹˿ -˺

ϞΟ΃ Ϧϣ ΩϮϨΑ Ϧϣ ϲϠϳ Ύϣ (˹˺˼˼˹) ϢδϘϟ΍ ϡΎϜΣ΃ ΐΟϮϤΑ ΔϴϜϠϤϟ΍ ΔΌϴϬϠϟ ϡΪϘϳ ϥ΃ ϝϭΎϘϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΐΠϳ (΃
:ϞϤόϟ΍ ˯ΪΑ ϞΒϗ ΎϬϴϠϋ ΔϘϓ΍ϮϤϟ΍ϭ ΎϬΘόΟ΍ήϣ

ΔϴϧΎϴΑ Ε΍ΪϨΘδϣϭ ΝϮϟΎΘϜϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΕΎλϮμϘϣ (˺

ϢΘϴγ ϲΘϟ΍ ΕΎϜϠΘϤϤϟ΍ ϡί΍Ϯϟ ϞϜϟ ϊϨμϤϟ΍ ΕΎϧΎϴΑϭ ΝϮϟΎΘϜϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΕΎλϮμϘϣ (΃

.ΎϬϣ΍ΪΨΘγ΍

ΕΎϨϴόϟ΍ (˻

ΎϤϛ ϦϳϮϠΘϟ΍ ϝΪόϣ ΢οϮΗ ϥϮϠϤϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϙϮϠΑ Ϧϣ ωϮϧ Ϟϛ Ϧϣ ΔϨϴϋ ϢϳΪϘΗ ΐΠϳ (΃
.ϡΪΨΘδϤϟ΍ ϦϳϮϠΘϟ΍ ωϮϧ ΢οϮΗ ϥϮϟ Ϟϛ ϰϠϋ Δϣϼϋ ϖμϟ ΐΠϳ

(˹) ΢ϴϘϨΘϟ΍ ˺˺ Ϧϣ ˼ Ϣϗέ ΪϘϋ

 ˹˽˹˿˹ ϢδϘϟ΍
ΕΎϛϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧϮϣ

έΎΒΘΧϻ΍ ήϳέΎϘΗϭ Ε΍ΩΎϬη (˼

ϞϤόϟ΍ ϊϗϮϤϟ ΔϤϠΘδϤϟ΍ Ω΍ϮϤϟ΍ Ϟϛ ϥ΄Α ΖΒΜΗ ΓΩέ˷ϮϤϟ΍ϭ ΔόϨμϤϟ΍ ΔϬΠϟ΍ Ϧϣ Ε΍ΩΎϬη (΃
.ΓΩϮΠϟ΍ ςΒο έΎΒΘΧϻ ΓΩΪΤϤϟ΍ ΕΎΒϠτΘϤϟ΍ ϲΒϠΗ

ϢϴϤμΘϟ΍ ςϠΧ (˽

ήϳέΎϘΗ ϊϣ ΔϠϤΘϜϣ ϊϗϮϤϟ΍ ϲϓ ΔϣΪΨΘδϤϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ ωϮϧ Ϟϛ ϢϴϤμΗ ςϠΧ (΃

.Ω΍ϮϤϟ΍ κΤϓ ήΒΘΨϣ ϞΒϗ Ϧϣ ΓΪϤΘόϤϟ΍ Ε΍έΎΒΘΧϻ΍

ΓΩϮΠϟ΍ ςΒο ΞϣΎϧήΑ (˾

ϊϨμϤϟ΍ Ω΍Ϯϣϭ ΐϴϟΎγϷ΍ ϞϤθϳ ϱάϟ΍ϭ ΓΩϮΠϟ΍ ςΒο ΞϣΎϧήΑ ϥϮϜϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (΃
ΔϠμϟ΍ Ε΍Ϋ ΕΎϧΎϴΒϟ΍ϭ έΎΤϟ΍ βϘτϟ΍ Γ΄θϨϣϭ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΔΑϮϠτϤϟ΍ ΔϴϤϜϟ΍ ΕΎΒϠτΘϣϭ
.(˹˺˽˾˹) ϢδϘϟ΍ ΕΎΒϠτΘϤϟ Ύ˱Ϙϓϭ ωϮοϮϤϟΎΑ

ΓΩϮΠϟ΍ ςΒο ˹̀ -˺
˯ΎϨΒϟ΍ ϕήσϭ Ξϣ΍ήΑ ΡήΘϘϳϭ έϮτϳ ϥ΃ ϪϴϠϋϭ ϞϤόϟ΍ ΓΩϮΟ Ϧϋ ϻ
˱ ϮΌδϣ ϝϭΎϘϤϟ΍ ϥϮϜϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (΃
ϢδϘϠϟ ΎϘϓϭ ΔϴϜϠϤϟ΍ ΔΌϴϬϟ΍ ϞΒϗ Ϧϣ ΓΪϤΘόϤϟ΍ϭ ΓΩΪΤϤϟ΍ ΓΩϮΠϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ϝϮμΤϟ΍ ϞΟ΃ Ϧϣ έΎΒΘΧϻ΍ϭ
.(˹˺˽˾˹)

έΎΒΘΧϻ΍ (˺

ΕΎϛϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧϮϣ (΃

ΕΎΒϠτΘϤϟ Ύ˱Ϙϓϭ ˯ΎϤϟ΍ ίΎΠΘΣ΍ϭ ςϐπϟ΍ ΔϧΎΘϣ έΎΒΘΧ΍ ϢΘϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˺

Δϔλ΍ϮϤϟ΍ ΐδΣ ήϳέΎϘΘϟ΍ ϢϴϴϘΗϭ έΎΒΘΧϻ΍ϭ ASTM C270 Δϔλ΍ϮϤϟ΍
ASTM C780

ΖϨϤγϷ΍ (Ώ

.ΙϮϠϣ ήϴϐϟ΍ ΖϨϤγϷ΍ ˯ΎϤϟ ϱϮϠϗ ϝϮϠΤϣ έΎΒΘΧ΍ (˺

Ϟϣήϟ΍ (Ν

.ΝέΪΘϟ΍ϭ Δϣϼδϟ΍ϭ ϱϮπόϟ΍ ΙϮϠΘϟ΍ϭ ΓέΎπϟ΍ ήλΎϨόϟ΍ έΎΒΘΧ΍ (˺

ΓΪϠμϤϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ έΎΒΘΧ΍ (Ω

ϞΟ΃ Ϧϣ ASTM C1324 Δϔλ΍ϮϤϟ΍ ΕΎΒϠτΘϤϟ Ύ˱Ϙϓϭ έΎΒΘΧϻ΍ ϢΘϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˺

.ϙϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧϮϣ ΪϠμΗ ϲϓ ΕΎΒϛήϤϟ΍ ΐδϧ ΪϳΪΤΗ

(˹) ΢ϴϘϨΘϟ΍ ˺˺ Ϧϣ ˽ Ϣϗέ ΪϘϋ

 ˹˽˹˿˹ ϢδϘϟ΍
ΕΎϛϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧϮϣ

ΔϨϳΎόϤϟ΍ (˻

:ϙϮϠΒϟ΍ ϊϴϨμΗ Δϳ΍ΪΑ άϨϣ ΓΩϮΠϟ΍ ϥΎϤο ΔτΨϟ Ύ˱Ϙϓϭ ϩήϛΫ ϲϠϳ Ύϣ ϥϮϜϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (΃

.ϊϗϮϤϟΎΑ ΔσϮϠΨϤϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ΔΒδϧ (˺

.ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ Εϼλϭ ϊϴϨμΗ (˻

ϭ΃ ΎϫΪϤΘόΗ Ϣϟ Ύϣ ΔϠϣΎϛ ˯ΎϨΒϟ΍ ϞϤϋ ΓήΘϓ ϝϼΧ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ Ω΍Ϯϣ ΕΎϣϼϋϭ έΪμϣ ήϴϐΗ ϡΪϋ ΐΠϳ (˼
.ΔϴϜϠϤϟ΍ ΔΌϴϬϟ΍ ΎϬΑ ϪΟϮΗ

Δϣϼδϟ΍ϭ ΔΤμϟ΍ Ε΍έΎΒΘϋ΍ ˹́ -˺

ΔϴϨόϤϟ΍ Δϣϼδϟ΍ϭ ΔΤμϟ΍ ΕΎΒϠτΘϤϟ ΎϘϓϭ Δϔλ΍ϮϤϟ΍ ϩάϬΑ ΔϠλ Ε΍Ϋϭ ΓάϔϨϤϟ΍ ϝΎϤϋϷ΍ ϊϴϤΟ ϡΎϤΗ· ΐΠϳ (΃
:ϲϠϳ Ύϣ Δτγ΍ϮΑ ΎϬόοϭ ϢΗ ϲΘϟ΍

ΔϳΩϮόδϟ΍ ΔϴΑήόϟ΍ ΔϜϠϤϤϟ΍ (˺

.ΔϤψϧϷ΍ϭ βϴϳΎϘϤϟ΍ϭ ΢΋΍ϮϠϟ΍ϭ ΢΋΍Ϯϟ (΃

ΔϴϜϠϤϟ΍ ΔΌϴϬϟ΍ ΢΋΍Ϯϟ (˻

.Δϣϼδϟ΍ϭ ΔΤμϟ΍ ΔϤψϧ΃ϭ ΪϘόϟ΍ ρϭήηϭ βϴϳΎϘϤϟ΍ (΃

ϝϭΎϘϤϟ΍ (˼

.ΔϴϜϠϤϟ΍ ΔΌϴϬϟ΍ ϞΒϗ Ϧϣ ΓΪϤΘόϤϟ΍ ϢψϨϟ΍ϭ Δϣϼδϟ΍ϭ ΔΤμϟ΍ ΔϤψϧ΃ϭ βϴϳΎϘϣ (΃

..ϩϼϋ΃ ήϛΫ Ύϣ ΏΎϴϏ ϝΎΣ ϲϓ ΖϧΎϛ ΎϤΜϴΣ ΔϴϋΎϨμϟ΍ ΕΎγέΎϤϤϟ΍ Ϟπϓ΃ ωΎΒΗ· ΐΠϳ (Ώ

ϞϤόϟ΍ ρϭήη ˹̂ -˺
έΎΤϟ΍ βϘτϟ΍ Ε΂θϨϣ (΃

΢Ϥδϳϭ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϑΎϔΟ ΐϨΠΘϳ ϲϜϟ έΎΤϟ΍ βϘτϟ΍ Ε΍˯΍ήΟ· άϔϨϳ ϥ΃ ϝϭΎϘϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΐΠϳ (˺
:ϲϠϳ ΎϤϛ ΔΤϴΤμϟ΍ ΔΠϟΎόϤϟΎΑ

.ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ Γέ΍ήΣ ΕΎΟέΩ ϞϴϠϘΘϟ Ε΍ΪόϤϟ΍ϭ ϙϮϠΒϟ΍ Ω΍Ϯϣ ϞϴϠψΗ (΃

.Γέ΍ήΣ ήΜϛϷ΍ ϡϮϴϟ΍ Ε΍ήΘϓ ΐϨΠΘϴϟ ˯ΎθϧϹ΍ ϝΎϤϋ΃ ΔϟϭΪΟ (Ώ

ϲϓ ΞϠΜϟ΍ ϡ΍ΪΨΘγΎΑ ΢Ϥδϳϭ ΩέΎΑ ςϠΧ ˯Ύϣ ϡ΍ΪΨΘγΎΑ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ Γέ΍ήΣ ΔΟέΩ ξϴϔΨΗ (Ν
.ϯήΧϷ΍ ˯ΎϤϟ΍ Ω΍ϮϤϟ ˯ΎϤϟ΍ ΔϓΎο· ϞΒϗ ςΨϟ΍ ˯Ύϣ

.ϑΎϔΠϟ΍ ΓήΘϓ ϞϴϠϘΘϟ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ΕΎΣϮϟ ϰϠϋ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ Γήϴϐλ ϊϗέ ϡ΍ΪΨΘγ΍ (Ω

(˹) ΢ϴϘϨΘϟ΍ ˺˺ Ϧϣ ˾ Ϣϗέ ΪϘϋ

 ˹˽˹˿˹ ϢδϘϟ΍
ΕΎϛϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧϮϣ

.ϲϟϭϷ΍ ςϠΨϟ΍ ΪόΑ ϒμϧϭ ΔϋΎγ ΎϫΎμϗ΃ ΓήΘϓ ΪόΑ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϡ΍ΪΨΘγ΍ ϡΪϋ (ϩ

˯ΎϨΛ΃ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ Γέ΍ήΣ ΔΟέΩ ϞϴϠϘΗϭ ΔϧϭΪϠϟ΍ Ω΍ΩήΘγϻ ΩέΎΒϟ΍ ˯ΎϤϟΎΑ ΐϴσήΘϟ΍ ΓΩΎϋ· (ϭ
.ϒμϧϭ ΔϋΎγ ΓήΘϓ

Ϫϴϓ ΏϮϏήϤϟ΍ ήϴϏ ιΎμΘϣϻ΍ ϊϨϤϟ υΎϔΘΣϻ΍ ϲϟΎϋ ˯Ύϣ ϊϣ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϡ΍ΪΨΘγ΍ (ί
.ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΔΑϮσήϠϟ

ϯϮΘΤϣ ϊϣ ΔϘϴϠσϭ ΔΒσέ ΔϟΎΣ ϲϓ ωϭήθϤϠϟ ΎϬϤϴϠδΗ ϢΗ Ϊϗ Ϟϣήϟ΍ ϥ΃ ϥΎϤο (Ρ

ΔϟΎΣ ϲϓϭ ΓΩέΎΑ Ϟϣήϟ΍ ϡ΍Ϯϛ΃ φϔΤΗ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳϭ .(%˿) ϰϟ· (˽) έ΍ΪϘϤΑ ΔΑϮσέ
.ήΨΒΘϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΪΤϠϟ ΔϴϜϴΘγϼΑ Ρ΍Ϯϟ΄Α ΎϬΘϴτϐΗϭ ΎϬηέ ϖϳήσ Ϧϋ ΔϘϴϠσϭ ΔΒσέ

ϦϳΰΨΘϟ΍ϭ ΔϟϭΎϨϤϟ΍ϭ ϢϴϠδΘϟ΍ ˺˹ -˺

(˹˺˾˿˹) ϦϴϤδϘϠϟ Ύ˱Ϙϓϭ ΔΑϮϠτϤϟ΍ ΔϘϳήτϟΎΑ Ω΍ϮϤϟ΍ ϦϳΰΨΗϭ ΔϟϭΎϨϣϭ ϢϴϠδΘΑ ϡϮϘϳ ϥ΃ ϝϭΎϘϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΐΠϳ (΃
:ΔϴϟΎΘϟ΍ ΕΎΒϠτΘϤϠϟ Ύ˱Ϙϓϭϭ (˹˺˿˿˹) ϭ

ΔόϧΎμϟ΍ Δϛήθϟ΍ Ϣγ΃ ΎϬϴϠϋ ΢οϮϣϭ ΏήδΘϠϟ ΔόϧΎϣϭ ΔϴϠλ΃ ΔϳϭΎΣ ϲϓ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ Ω΍Ϯϣ ϢϠδΗ (˺
.ΕΎϳϮΘΤϤϟ΍ ϒϳήόΗϭ

ΔϓΎΟ ΔϘτϨϣ ϲϓϭ ΔϳϮΘδϣ Δϴοέ΃ ϰϠϋϭ ˯ΎϤϟ΍ ϝϮΧΪϟ ΔόϧΎϣ ΔϴτϏ΃ ΖΤΗ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ Ω΍Ϯϣ ϥΰΨΗ (˻
.ΔΑϮσήϟ΍ ϝϮΧΩ Ϧϣ ΔϳΎϤΣ ΖΤΗϭ

.ΔϟϭΎϨϤϟ΍ ˯ΎϨΛ΃ ϒϠΘϟ΍ϭ ΡΎϳήϟ΍ϭ ˯ΎϤϟ΍ϭ ΥΎγϭϷ΍ Ϧϣ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ Ω΍Ϯϣ ϰϤΤΗ (˼

ϥϮϜϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳϭ ΔΒϳήϐϟ΍ Ω΍ϮϤϟ΍ ϝϮΧΩ ϊϨϤϳ ΚϴΤΑ ΓΪϴΟ ΔϘϳήτΑ Ϟϣήϟ΍ ϥΰΨϳ (΃
ΎϣΪϨϋ ϚϟΫϭ ϡΎτΤϟ΍ϭ Ϧϴτϟ΍ϭ έΎΒϐϟ΍ Ϧϣ Ύ˱ϴϟΎΧϭ Ύ˱ϓΎΟϭ Ύ˱ϤϋΎϧ Ϟϣήϟ΍ ϰϧΩ΃ ΢τδϟ΍
ϱάϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϲϓ ϡϮϜϟ΍ ϡΪΨΘδϳ ϻ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳϭ νέϷ΍ ϰϠϋ ΓήηΎΒϣ Ϟϣήϟ΍ ϡϮϜΘϳ
.ϡϮϛ ϞϜϟ ϢϠϣ (˺˾˹) ϪΗΪϋΎϗ

(˹) ΢ϴϘϨΘϟ΍ ˺˺ Ϧϣ ˿ Ϣϗέ ΪϘϋ

 ˹˽˹˿˹ ϢδϘϟ΍
ΕΎϛϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧϮϣ

ΕΎ˰˰˰ΠΘϨϤϟ΍ ˻ ΰ˰˰Πϟ΍
ϡΎ˰˰˰˰ϋ ˹˺-˻
ϞΧ΍Ω Ϧϣ Ξ˶ΘϨ˵ϣ ϯΪϟ ΎϫήϓϮΗ ΪϨϋ Δϔλ΍ϮϤϟ΍ ϩάϫ ΎϬϴτϐΗ ϲΘϟ΍ ΕΎΠΘϨϤϟ΍ϭ ϊϠδϟ΍ ΔϓΎϛ ˯΍ήηϭ ΪϳέϮΗ ΐΠϳ (΃
ΔϜϠϤϤϟ΍ ΝέΎΧ ΔόϨμϤϟ΍ ΕΎΠΘϨϤϟ΍ϭ ϊϠδϟ΍ ΔϓΎϛ ˯΍ήηϭ ΪϳέϮΗ ϊπΨϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳϭ .ΔϳΩϮόδϟ΍ ΔϴΑήόϟ΍ ΔϜϠϤϤϟ΍
.ΔϴϜϠϤϟ΍ ΔΌϴϬϟ΍ ΔϘϓ΍ϮϤϟ ΔϳΩϮόδϟ΍ ΔϴΑήόϟ΍

Ω΍Ϯ˰Ϥϟ΍ ˹˻-˻
ϱΪϧϼΗέϮΒϟ΍ ΖϨϤγϷ΍ (΃

ASTM C150 Δϔλ΍ϮϤϟ΍ ΕΎΒϠτΘϤϟ Ύ˱ ϴΒϠϣ ϥϮϜϳ ϥ΃ϭ (˹˼˼˺˹) ϢδϘϠϟ Ύ˱ Ϙϓϭ ΖϨϤγϷ΍ ϥϮϜϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˺
ϞΟ΃ Ϧϣ ϚϟΫϭ ϲόϴΒτϟ΍ ξϴΑϷ΍ ϥϮϠϟ΍ Ϧϣϭ ˯΍Ϯϫ Ϫϟ ϞΧΪϳ Ϣϟϭ ΙϮϠϣ ήϴϏ ( I ) ωϮϨϟ΍ Ϧϣϭ
.ΏϮϠτϤϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϥϮϟ ϰϠϋ ϝϮμΤϟ΍

˯ΎϤϟΎΑ ΪΤΘϤϟ΍ ήϴΠϟ΍ (Ώ

˯ΎϤϟΎΑ ΪΤΘϤϟ΍ ήϴΠϟ΍ϭ ( S ) ωϮϨϟ΍ϭ ASTM C207 Δϔλ΍ϮϤϟ΍ ΕΎΒϠτΘϣ ϲΒϠϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˺
.˯΍ϮϬϟ΍ ϝϮΧΪϟ ϊϧΎϤϟ΍ ιΎΨϟ΍

ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϰμΣ (Ν

Ϟϗ΃ ϭ΃ ϢϠϣ (˿) Ϧϣ ΕϼλϮϟ΍ ΍Ϊϋ ASTM C144 Δϔλ΍ϮϤϟ΍ ΕΎΒϠτΘϤϟ Ύ˱Ϙϓϭ Ϟϣήϟ΍ ϥϮϜϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˺
έ΍ΪϘϤΑ ϞΨϨϣ ϝϼΧ Ϧϣ Ϟλ΍Ϯϟ΍ (%˺˹˹) ΔΒδϨΑ ϒϨμϤϟ΍ ϰμΤϟ΍ ϝϭΎϘϤϟ΍ ϡΪΨΘδϳ ΎϣΪϨϋ ϚϟΫϭ
.(˺˿ Ϣϗέ ) ϢϠϣ (˺̄˺́)

ξϴΑϷ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϰμΣ (΃

.ξϴΑ΃ ϲοέ΃ ήΠΣ ϭ΃ ϲόϴΒσ ξϴΑ΃ Ϟϣέ ϥϮϜϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˺

ϥϮϠϤϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϰμΣ (Ώ

ϊϣ Ύ˱ϤΠδϨϣϭ ΏϮϠτϣ Ϯϫ ΎϤΒδΣ Ζϴϧ΍ήΠϟ΍ Ϧϣϭ ϲοέ΃ ϡΎΧέ ϥϮϜϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˺

.ΔϴϜϠϤϟ΍ ΔΌϴϬϟ΍ ΔϨϴϋ

ϥϮϠϤϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ύΎΒλ΃ (Ω

ϱΪϳΪΤϟ΍ ΪϴδϛϭϷ΍ Ϧϣ ϥϮϜΗ ϥ΃ϭ ASTM C979 Δϔλ΍ϮϤϠϟ Ύ˱Ϙϓϭ ϦϳϮϠΘϟ΍ ύΎΒλ΃ ϥϮϜΗ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˺
ϭ΃ ϡϭέϮϜϟ΍ Ϊϴδϛϭ΃ϭ (Ultramine Blue) ϕέίϷ΍ ϦϳΎϣ΍ήΘϟ΃ϭ ΪϴδϛϮϳΪϟ΍ ΰϴϨϐϨϣ Ϧϣϭ ϱέΎΠΘϟ΍
ϯΪόΘΗ ϻ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳϭ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ΕΎτϠΧ ϲϓ ΎϬϣ΍ΪΨΘγ΍ ϞΟ΃ Ϧϣ ϚϟΫϭ ˯΍ΩϮδϟ΍ ΕΎΒϛήϤϟ΍ ϥϮΑήϛ
:ϲϠϳ Ύϣ ώΒμϟ΍ ςϠΧ ΕϻΪόϣ

(˹) ΢ϴϘϨΘϟ΍ ˺˺ Ϧϣ ̀ Ϣϗέ ΪϘϋ

 ˹˽˹˿˹ ϢδϘϟ΍
ΕΎϛϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧϮϣ

(˼˾:˺) ΩϮγϷ΍ ϥϮΑήϜϠϟ (΃

(̀:˺) ϯήΧϷ΍ ύΎΒλϷ΍ (Ώ

ΔΑϮσήϟ ΔϣϭΎϘϤϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ΕΎϓΎπϣ (ϩ

ϡϮϴϧϮϣϮϟ΃ϭ (Ammonium Stearate) ΡϼϣϷ΍ ϡϮϴϧϮϣ΃ ϞΜϣ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ΕΎϓΎπϣ Ϧϣ Ϟϛ ϡΪΨΘδΗ ΐΠϳ (˺
.ΔΑϮσήϟ΍ ΔϣϭΎϘϣ ΓΩΎϳί ϞΟ΃ Ϧϣ ϚϟΫϭ ϡϮϴδϟΎϜϟ΍ Ρϼϣ΃ ϭ΃ ΔϴΛϼΜϟ΍ ΡϼϣϷ΍

˯ΎϤϟ΍ (ϭ

ϭ΃ ΔϳϮπόϟ΍ Ω΍ϮϤϟ΍ϭ ΡϼϣϷ΍ϭ ΕΎϳϮϠϘϟ΍ϭ νΎϤΣϷ΍ϭ ΕϮϳΰϟ΍ ΕΎϴϤϛ Ϧϣ ϝΎΧ ϥϮϜϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˺
.έ΍ΪΠϟΎΑ ήΧ΁ ϥΪόϣ ϱ΃ ϭ΃ ΔϧϮϤϟΎΑ ΓέΎπϟ΍ ϯήΧϷ΍ Ω΍ϮϤϟ΍ ξόΑ

ACI 301 Δϔλ΍ϮϤϟ΍ ΕΎΒϠτΘϤϟ Ύ˱ Ϙϓϭ ϥϮϜϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˻

ςϠΨϟ΍ϭ ΔΒδϨϟ΍ ˹˼-˻

ϙϮϠΒϟ΍ ΓΪΣϭ ΔϧϮϣ (΃

ΎϬόϴϤΟϭ ˯Ύϣϭ ϰμΣϭ ΔϘλϻ Ω΍Ϯϣ ςϴϠΧ Ϧϣ ΔΒδϨϟ΍ ΕΎϔλ΍ϮϤϟ ΔϴΒϠϤϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϥϮϜΘΗ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˺
ϮΤϨϟ΍ ϰϠϋ Ύ˱ϣϮϳ (˻́) ˰ϟ ςϐπϟ΍ ΔϣϭΎϘϣ ϝΪόϣ ϥϮϜϳϭ ASTM C270 Δϔλ΍ϮϤϟ΍ ΕΎΒϠτΘϤϟ Ύ˱Ϙϓϭ
:ϲϟΎΘϟ΍

ϝΎϜγΎΑ ΎΠϴϣ (˺̀̄˻) :M ωϮϨϟ΍ (΃

ϝΎϜγΎΑ ΎΠϴϣ (˺˻̄˽) :S ωϮϨϟ΍ (Ώ

ϝΎϜγΎΑ ΎΠϴϣ (˾̄˻) :N ωϮϨϟ΍ (Ν

ϲϓ ϰμΤϟ΍ Ω΍Ϯϣ αΎϴϗ ϢΘϳ ϥ΃ϭ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ΔΒδϧϭ ΔτϠΧ Ϧϣ Ϟϛ ΔϧΎϴλϭ ςΒο ϲϓ ϖϴϗΪΘϟ΍ ϢΘϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˻
ΎϤϛ ΩΪΤϤϟ΍ ήϴΠϟ΍ϭ ΖϨϤγϷ΍ ϝΪόϣϭ ΎϨϫ ΕΩΪΣ ΎϤΒδΣ ΓΩϭΪΤϤϟ΍ Ω΍ϮϤϟ΍ϭ ΔϘϴϠσϭ ΔΒσέ ϑϭήχ
:ϲϠϳ

M ωϮϨϟ΍ (΃

Ζδϴϟ ΔΒδϨΑϭ ΕΎϴοέϷ΍ϭ ΔΤϠδϤϟ΍ ϙϮϠΒϟ΍ ϥ΍έΪΟ ˯ΎϨΑ ϲϓ ϡΪΨΘδϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˺

Ϟϣήϟ΍ϭ ϱΪϧϼΗέϮΒϟ΍ ΖϨϤγϷ΍ Ϧϣ ˯ΰΟ ϞϜϟ ήϴΠϟ΍ Ϧϣ ˯ΰΟ (˺/˽) Ϧϣ ήΜϛ΄Α
Ω΍Ϯϣϭ ΖϨϤγϷ΍ ϝΪόϣ ωϮϤΠϣ Ε΍ήϣ ΙϼΜϟ (˻ ˺/˽) Ϧϣ Ϟϗ΄Α βϴϟϭ ϭΎδϣ
.ήϴΠϟ΍

(˹) ΢ϴϘϨΘϟ΍ ˺˺ Ϧϣ ́ Ϣϗέ ΪϘϋ

 ˹˽˹˿˹ ϢδϘϟ΍
ΕΎϛϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧϮϣ

S- ωϮϨϟ΍ (Ώ

˯ΰΟ (˺/˻) Ϧϣ ήΜϛ΄Α βϴϟ ΔΒδϨΑϭ ϲΟέΎΨϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϙϮϠΑ ˯ΎϨΒϟ ϡΪΨΘδϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˺
Ϧϣ Ϟϗ΄Α βϴϟϭ ϭΎδϣ Ϟϣήϟ΍ϭ ϱΪϧϼΗέϮΒϟ΍ ΖϨϤγϷ΍ Ϧϣ ˯ΰΟ ϞϜϟ ήϴΠϟ΍ Ϧϣ
.ήϴΠϟ΍ Ω΍Ϯϣϭ ΖϨϤγϷ΍ ϝΪόϣ ωϮϤΠϣ Ε΍ήϣ ΙϼΜϟ (˻ ˺/˽)

N ωϮϨϟ΍ (Ν

ϞϜϟ ήϴΠϟ΍ Ϧϣ ˯ΰΟ ΪΣ΍ϭ ΔΒδϨΑϭ ϲϠΧ΍Ϊϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϙϮϠΑ ˯ΎϨΒϟ ϡΪΨΘδϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˺
(˻ ˺/˽) Ϧϣ Ϟϗ΄Α βϴϟϭ ϭΎδϣ Ϟϣήϟ΍ ϥϮϜϳ ϥ΃ϭ ϱΪϧϼΗέϮΒϟ΍ ΖϨϤγϷ΍ Ϧϣ ˯ΰΟ
.ήϴΠϟ΍ Ω΍Ϯϣϭ ΖϨϤγϷ΍ ϝΪόϣ ωϮϤΠϣ Ε΍ήϣ ΙϼΜϟ

ϥϮϠ˷Ϥϟ΍ ύϮΒμϤϟ΍ ΖϨϤγϷ΍ ΔϧϮϣ (Ώ

:ϲϠϳ ΎϤϛ ϯήΧϷ΍ Ω΍ϮϤϟ΍ ϊϣ ϦϳϮϠΘϟ΍ ΔΒδϧ ϥϮϜΗ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˺

.ΔϴϜϠϤϟ΍ ΔΌϴϬϟ΍ ΔϨϴϋ ϊϣ ΐγΎϨΘΗ ϲϜϟ ΔτϠΨϟ΍ ΝΰϤΗ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (΃

Ϧϣ ˯ΰΟ ϞϜϟ ΩϮγϷ΍ ΪϳΪΤϟ΍ Ϊϴδϛ΍ ˯ΰΟ (˺/́) ϊϣ ˯΍ΩϮδϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ΔΒδϧ ςϠΨΗ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (Ώ
.˯ΰΠϟ΍ (˺/˺˹) Ϧϣ ήΜϛ΄Α βϴϟ ήϴΠϟ΍ ξϴϔΨΗϭ ϱΪϧϼΗέϮΒϟ΍ ΖϨϤγϷ΍

ΔϓΎπϤϟ΍ ΡϼϣϷ΍ (Ν

Ϧϣ (%˼) Ϧϣ ήΒϛ΄Α βϴϟ ϝΩΎόϣ έ΍ΪϘϤΑ ΔτϠΨϠϟ Ζϔϴο΃ ϲΘϟ΍ ΔϓΎπϤϟ΍ ΡϼϣϷ΍ έΪϘΗ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˺
.ϱΪϧϼΗέϮΒϟ΍ ΖϨϤγϷ΍ ϥίϭ

.ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ςϠΧ ϲϓ ϡϮϴδϟΎϜϟ΍ ΪϳέϮϠϛ ϡ΍ΪΨΘγΎΑ ΢Ϥδϳ Ϧϟ (Ω

(˹) ΢ϴϘϨΘϟ΍ ˺˺ Ϧϣ ̂ Ϣϗέ ΪϘϋ

 ˹˽˹˿˹ ϢδϘϟ΍
ΕΎϛϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧϮϣ

ά˰˰˰ϴϔϨΘϟ΍ ˼ ΰ˰˰Πϟ΍
ΔϨϳΎόϤϟ΍ ˹˺-˼
Ϊϋ΍ϮϘϟ΍ ϊϣ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϚγΎϤΗ ϊϨϤϳ ˯ϲη Ϟϛϭ ςϗΎδΘϤϟ΍ ϰμΤϟ΍ϭ ΔϧΎγήΨϟ΍ ˯ΎΜϏ Ϟϳΰϳ ϥ΃ ϝϭΎϘϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΐΠϳ (΃
.ϙϮϠΒϟ΍ ϊοϭ ϞΒϗ

.ΔϴοήϤϟ΍ ΕϻΎΤϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϖϘΤΘϟ΍ ϢΘϳ ϰΘΣ ΐϴϛήΘϟ΍ ϞϤόΑ ΃ΪΒϳ ϻ ϥ΃ ϝϭΎϘϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΐΠϳ (Ώ

.ϙϮϠΒϟ΍ ϞϤόΑ ϡΎϴϘϟ΍ ϊϨϤΗ ΕϻΎΣ ϭ΃ ϞϠΧ ϱ΃ Ϧϋ Ύ˱ϴΑΎΘϛ ΔϴϜϠϤϟ΍ ΔΌϴϬϟ΍ ήτΨϳ ϥ΃ ϝϭΎϘϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΐΠϳ (Ν

ϖϓ΍ϮϤϟ΍ ΓΩϮΠϠϟ ΐϴϟΎγϷ΍ϭ Ε΍ΪόϤϟ΍ϭ Ω΍ϮϤϟ΍ Ϣϴ˷ Ϙϳϭ Δϴϟ΍ϮΘϣ ΔϘϳήτΑ ϞϤόϟ΍ ζΘϔϳ ϥ΃ ϝϭΎϘϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΐΠϳ (Ω
.ΔϴϜϠϤϟ΍ ΔΌϴϬϟ΍ ϞΒϗ Ϧϣ ΎϬϴϠϋ

ςϠΨϟ΍ ˹˻-˼
:ϲϟΎΘϟ΍ ϮΤϨϟ΍ ϰϠϋϭ ACI 530.1 Δϔλ΍ϮϤϟ΍ ΕΎΒϠτΘϤϟ Ύ˱Ϙϓϭ ϙϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧϮϣ ςϠΨΑ ϡϮϘϳ ϥ΃ ϝϭΎϘϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΐΠϳ (΃

ϰμΤϟ΍ϭ ήϴΠϟ΍ϭ ϱΪϧϼΗέϮΒϟ΍ ΖϨϤγϷ΍ ϞΜϣ ΔϴγΎγϷ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ Ω΍Ϯϣ ςϠΨΗϭ ϱϮΘΤΗ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˺
΢ϴΤλϭ ϲϠϤϋ ΝΎΘϧ· ϢΘϳ ϲϜϟ ˯ΎϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ έ΍ΪϘϣ Ϟϗ΄Αϭ ϞϗϷ΍ ϰϠϋ ϖ΋ΎϗΩ (˾) ΓΪϤϟ ˯ΎϤϟ΍ϭ
.ΔϴϜϴϧΎϜϴϣ ΕΎϴϤϛ ΔσϼΧ ϲϓ ϦϴΘϣϭ

.ΓΪϤΘόϣ ΔϳέΎϴόϣ ϖϳΩΎϨλ ϝΪόϣ ϲϓ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ςϠΨΗ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˻

.ΔϴϜϠϤϟ΍ ΔΌϴϬϟ΍ ΔϘϓ΍Ϯϣ ρήθΑ Γήϴϐμϟ΍ ϝΎϤϋϷ΍ ϲϓ ϱϭΪϴϟ΍ ςϠΨϟΎΑ ΢Ϥδϳ (˼

ΓΩΎϋ·ϭ ˯ΎϤϟ΍ ΔϓΎοΈΑ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ Ϣό˷ Ϩϳ ϥ΃ϭ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϚγΎϤΗ ϞΟ΃ Ϧϣ ΏϮϠτϤϟ΍ ΐδΣ ˯Ύϣ ϑΎπϳ (˽
.ΏϮϠτϤϟ΍ ϚγΎϤΘϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ϝϮμΤϠϟ ςϠΨϟ΍

Ϧϣ ήΜϛ΄Α ϥΎϛ ΍Ϋ· Ϫ΋ΎπϘϧ΍ ϭ΃ ΐμϟ΍ ΃ΪΒϳ ΎϣΪϨϋ ϚϟΫϭ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϡ΍ΪΨΘγΎΑ ΡΎϤδϟ΍ ϡΪϋ ΐΠϳ (˾
.ϲϟϭϷ΍ ςϠΨϟ΍ ΪόΑ ϒμϧϭ ΔϋΎγ

ϊοϮϟ΍ ˹˼-˼
:ϲϠϳ ΎϤϛ ϰϫϭ ΎϬΑ ϰλϮϤϟ΍ϭ ACI 530.1 Δϔλ΍ϮϤϠϟ Ύ˱Ϙϓϭ ϙϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧϮϣ ϊοϭ ϝϭΎϘϤϟ΍ άϔ˷ Ϩϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (΃

Ύ˱ΟΫϮϤϧ ίήΒΗ ϲϜϟ ΔϠϜθϤϟ΍ Δϴγ΃ήϟ΍ ΕϼϴλϮΘϟ΍ϭ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ Ϊϋ΍Ϯϗ Ϟϛ ΔϣΎϘΘγ΍ϭ ΔϳϮδΗ ΐΠϳ (˺
.ϚγΎϤΘϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΍˱ΪΣϮϣ

Ϧϣ ήΜϛ΄Α βϴϟϭ ϢϠϣ (˿) Ϧϣ Ϟϗ΄Α βϴϟ ϚϤδΑ ΓΪϋΎϘϟ΍ ΓήΘϓ Δϳ΍ΪΑ Ϧϣ ΓΪϋΎϘϟ΍ ΔϠλϭ ˯Ύθϧ· (˻
.ϢϠϣ (˺̂)

:ϲϠϳ ΎϤϟ Ύ˱Ϙϓϭ ˯ΎϨΒϟ΍ Εϼλϭ ϥϮϜΗ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (˼

.ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϊϣ ϙϮϠΒϟ΍ ϯϮΘδϣ ΖΤΗϭ ΔϓϮθϜϣ ήϴϐϟ΍ϭ ΓΩΪΤϣ ήϴϐϟ΍ ΕΎΤΘϔϟ΍ ϰθΤΗ (΃

(˹) ΢ϴϘϨΘϟ΍ ˺˺ Ϧϣ ˺˹ Ϣϗέ ΪϘϋ

 ˹˽˹˿˹ ϢδϘϟ΍
ΕΎϛϮϠΒϟ΍ ΔϧϮϣ

.ΓϮϘΑϭ ΎϴϣΎϬΑ΃ ΔϋϮΒτϣ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϥϮϜΗ ΎϣΪϨϋ Δϳή΋΍Ω ΔϠλϭ ϊϣ Γ΍ΩϷ΍ ϞλϮΗ (Ώ

.ϞϤόϟ΍ ήϴγ ϡΪϘΗ ϊϣ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϊϣ ϢϠϣ (˺̂) Ϧϣ Ϟϗ΄Α βϴϟ νήόΑ ΪϠμΘϟΎΑ ϕϮτϟ΍ ΄Βόϳ (˽

ΔϓϮΠ˵Ϥϟ΍ Ε΍ΪΣϮϟ΍ (˾

.ϞϣΎϜϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟΎΑ ΕΎϛϮϠΒϟ΍ ϦϴΑ ΔϴοέϷ΍ Ϟλ΍Ϯϔϟ΍ ϪΟϭ΃ Ϟϛ ΄ΒόΗ ϢΘΗ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (΃

ΓήΘϓ ˯ΎϨΛ΃ϭ ΔΌΗΎϨϟ΍ ΓΪϤϋϷ΍ϭ ΕΎϣΎϋΪϟ΍ ΓήΘϓ ϲϓ ϞϣΎϜϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟΎΑ ΔΠδϧϷ΍ Ϟϛ ΄ΒόΗ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (Ώ
.Ϊϋ΍ϮϘϟ΍ Δϳ΍ΪΑ

ϪΟϭ ϚϤγ ϊϣ ϪΟϭ Ϟϛ Ϧϣ ϰϧΩ΃ ΔϓΎδϤΑ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ Εϼλϭ α΃έ ΔϴτϏ΃ ΔϳϮδΗ ΐΠϳ (Ν
.ϞϛΎϴϬϟ΍ ΓΪΣϭ

ΔΘϤμ˵Ϥϟ΍ Ε΍ΪΣϮϟ΍ (˿

.ΓΪϠλ ΔϘϳήτΑ ΔϧϮϤϟΎΑ ΔϴοέϷ΍ϭ Δϴγ΃ήϟ΍ ΕϼλϮϟ΍ ΄ΒόΗ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (΃

.ΔϤϋΎϨϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϮθΤΑ Δϴγ΃ήϟ΍ ΕϼλϮϟ΍ ΄ΒόΗ ϻ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (Ώ

.ΓέϭΎΠϤϟ΍ Ε΍ΪΣϮϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ςϐο ϊϓΪΑ Δϴγ΃ήϟ΍ ΕϼλϮϟ΍ ˯ΎϨΑ ϢΘϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (Ν

:ϊϗϮϤϠϟ ΎϬΑ ΡϮϤδϤϟ΍ ΕϭΎϔΘϟ΍ ΐδϧ ϊϣ ΔϴϟΎΘϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ Εϼλϭ ϚϤγ ϊοϭ (̀

.ϢϠϣ ( ˼ ±) ϲοέϷ΍ ΕϭΎϔΘϟ΍ (΃

.ϢϠϣ ( ̂ + ˿ -) ϲγ΃ήϟ΍ ΕϭΎϔΘϟ΍ (Ώ

.ϢϠϣ ( ̂ + ˿ -) ΔϨϨδϤϟ΍ Δϧ΍ϮτγϷ΍ ΕϭΎϔΗ (Ν

ΎϫΩΎόΑ· ΐΠϳ – ϯήΧ΃ ΔϴΣΎϧ Ϧϣϭ ΎϬϜη ΔϴϠϤϋ Ε΃ΪΑ ϲΘϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ϒϠΘΗ ϻ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ (́
.ςϠΨϟ΍ ΓΪϳΪΟ ΔϧϮϣ ϊϣ ΡήτΗ ϥ΃ϭ ΎϬΘϓΎψϧϭ

ΔϓΎψϨϟ΍ ˹˽-˼
ΔϳΎϬϧ ΪόΑ Ύ˱ϴϣϮϳ ΓΎηήϔϟ΍ ϒϴϔΠΗ ΐΠϳϭ ϞϤόϟ΍ ήϴγ ϡΪϘΗ ϊϣ ΓΪ΋΍ΰϟ΍ ΔϧϮϤϟ΍ ΢δϤϳ ϥ΃ ϝϭΎϘϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΐΠϳ (΃
.ϞϤόϟ΍

ϢδϘϟ΍ ΔϳΎϬϧ

(˹) ΢ϴϘϨΘϟ΍ ˺˺ Ϧϣ ˺˺ Ϣϗέ ΪϘϋ