FLOW THROUGH ORIFICE METER

Exp No: 8 lab: L53+L54

Registration no: 20BBT0167 Name: Yoshita singh
AIM:
To calibrate the given Orifice meter.

APPARATUS:
Orificemeter set up, meter scale and stop watch

THEORY:

An orificemeter is considered to be a thin plate containing an aperture through which

the fluid flows. It may be placed in the side or bottom of a container.

An orificemeter consists of an accurately machined and drilled plate mounted between

two flanges with the hole concentric with the pipe in which it is mounted. The opening in the
plate may be levelled on downstream side. The reduction of cross-section of the flowing
stream while passing through the orifice increases the velocity head at the expense of
pressure head and the reduction in the pressure between the taps is measured by manometer.
Bernoulli’s equation provides a basis for correlating the increase in velocity head with the
decrease in pressure head.

One important complication appears in orifice meter that is not found in the venturi.
Because of the sharpness of the orifice, the fluid stream separates from the downstream side
of the orifice plate and forms a free flowing jet in the downstream fluid. A vena contracta
forms. The jet is not under the control of solid walls, as in the case of venturi, and the area of
the jet varies from that of the opening in the orifice to that of the vena contracta

PROCEDURE:

1.Open the two valves in the manometer to remove air bubbles inside
2.Close all the valves except for the orificemeter which is in use
3. Vary the discharge and record the readings of the manometer
4.Close the outlet valve of the collecting tank and record the time taken for approximately
20cm rise in the water level
5. Take at least 5 to 7 readings

OBSERVATIONS

Diameter of pipe, D= 0.0266 m

Diameter of orifice, Do= 0.015 m
Density of CCL4= 1600 kg/m3
Density of Hg, = 13600 kg/m3
Density of fluid, =1000 kg/m3
Viscosity of fluid = 0.001
 H(m Q(l/cm) Q
S.NO H of (m3/Sec
(cm) water 10-3)
0.000083
1 5 0.0267 4.45 Or 0.5836
8.3 x 10-5
0.00025
2 15 0.244 40.68 Or 0.6369
2.5 x 10-4
0.000334
3 20 0.441 3.5 Or 0.6429
3.34 x
10-4
0.000417
4 25 0.6842 5.43 or 0.6105
4.17 x
10-4

Average velocity through orifice = v0 = Q/A0 = 2.359 m/s

Ao = cross sectional area of orifice = π/4 d02 = 3.14 x 0.015 x 0.015 /4 = 1.766 x 10-4 m2
Reynolds number at the orifice= = 1000 x 0.015 x 2.359/0.001= 62751

β = d0 /d = 0.015/ 0.0266 = 0.56391

coefficient of discharge= Cd =

1. Cd= 2.5 x 10-4 (√(1-0.0563914))/(1.766 x 10-4)/ √ (2 x 9.81 x 0.244)

= 0.6469
2. Cd= 8.3x 10-5 (√(1-0.0563914))/(1.766 x 10-4)/ √ (2 x 9.81 x 0.0267)
= 0.5836
3. Cd = 3.34x 10-4 (√(1-0.0563914))/(1.766 x 10-4)/ √ (2 x 9.81 x0.441)
= 0.6429
4. Cd = 4.17x 10-4 (√(1-0.0563914))/(1.766 x 10-4)/ √ (2 x 9.81 x 0.6842)
= 0.6105

Average co-efficient of discharge = 0.6469+0.5839+0.6429+0.6106

4
= 0.6409

Result:

The co-efficient of discharge is 0.64.