HEYDAR ALIYEV

THE NATIONAL LEADER OF THE AZERBAIJANI NATION

 GIZTAMAM GULIYEVA, KHALIDA RUSTAMOVA

ENGLISH
10 Student’s Book
English as the main foreign language for the 10th
grade of the general secondary schools

Your inquiries, comments and suggestions should be sent to

kovserneshriyyat@gmail.com and derslik@edu.gov.az
email addresses. Thank you for your cooperation in advance.

“KÞVSßR”
Publishing House
BaKU – 2018
 CONTENTS
UNIT 1. PERSONALITY
LESSON 1. HOW TO DESCRIBE PEOPLE? ................................................................ 5
LESSON 2. AIM LOW OR AIM HIGH!? ...................................................................... 12
LESSON 3. DEEDS, NOT WORDS! ............................................................................ 22
LESSON 4. HONESTY IS THE BEST POLICY! ......................................................... 31
LESSON 5. POOR OR RICH!? ...................................................................................... 38
STUDENT PORTFOLIO ............................................................................................... 50

UNIT 2. LITERATURE
LESSON 1. BOOKS ARE MY FRIENDS! .................................................................... 52
LESSON 2. DO YOU LIKE SAGAS? ............................................................................ 63
LESSON 3. LITERARY WORLD OF AZERBAIJAN ................................................. 69
LESSON 4. READ FROM BIRTH TO DEATH! ......................................................... 77
LESSON 5. READING OR WATCHING? ................................................................... 91
STUDENT PORTFOLIO ............................................................................................... 98
PROBLEMS ON
UNIT 3. THE EARTH
LESSON 1. NATURAL DISASTERS .......................................................................... 100
LESSON 2. CLIMATE CHANGE ................................................................................ 108
LESSON 3. WORLD POPULATION GROWTH .................................................... 116
STUDENT PORTFOLIO ............................................................................................. 126
OUR PLANET,
UNIT 4. OUR WORLD
LESSON 1. GO GREEN, WIN GREEN ...................................................................... 128
LESSON 2. LOVE ENVIRONMENT, FEAR POLLUTION! ................................... 138
LESSON 3. VISIONS OF THE FUTURE “FIFTY YEARS ON” .............................. 144
STUDENT PORTFOLIO ............................................................................................. 150
COUNTRIES,
UNIT 5. COUNTRIES ...
LESSON 1. AMERICA- A FRIENDLY COUNTRY! ................................................ 152
LESSON 2. MY HEARTH-AZERBAIJAN! ............................................................... 163
LESSON 3. PROFITABLE COOPERATION OF AZERBAIJAN .......................... 173
STUDENT PORTFOLIO ............................................................................................. 176
SPORTS AND
UNIT 6. GAMES
LESSON 1. LOVE SPORTS! ........................................................................................ 178
LESSON 2. NATIONAL GAMES ............................................................................... 183
LESSON 3. OLYMPIC GAMES .................................................................................. 191
STUDENT PORTFOLIO ............................................................................................. 198
VOCABULARY ............................................................................................................... 200
GRAMMAR FOLDER .................................................................................................... 210
IRREGULAR VERBS ....................................................................................................... 215
 UNIT PERSONALITY
1 Lesson 1. How to Describe People?

What you’ll learn:

‡+RZFRORXUVFDQD൵HFWDQGFKDQJHRXUFKDUDFWHUVOLYHV
‡:KDWWKHUROHRIFRORXUVLQRXUOLIHLV
‡,IWKHUHDUHDQ\VLPLODULWLHVEHWZHHQRXUFKDUDFWHUVDQGDSSHDUDQFH
‡+RZLPSRUWDQWRXUDSSHDUDQFHLV
‡,ILWLVUHDOO\LPSRUWDQWWREHEHDXWLIXORUWRKDYHDJRRGFKDUDFWHUDQGZK\

Word File
FDOP>N‫ޝܤ‬P@(adj) not excited, nervous or upset
FRQFHUQHG>NԥQ‫ޖ‬V‫ޝܮ‬QG@(adj) (about/for smth) worried and troubled
about smth.
HWHUQDO>ܼ‫ޖ‬W‫ޝܮ‬QO@(adj) without an end/existing or continuing forever. syn.constant
IHDWXUH>‫ޝ¿ޖ‬W‫ݕ‬ԥ@(n) something important/interesting or typical of a place or thing
MHDORXV>‫ޖ‬G‫ݤ‬HOԥV@(adj) afraid that the one you love might prefer smb else/wanting
what someone has
NHHQ>NL‫ޝ‬Q@ (adj) liking smb/smth very much/very interested in smb/smth
OR\DOWR(smb/smth) >O‫ܼܧ‬ԥO@(adj) remaining faithful to smb/smth supporting them or it
PHDQ>PL‫ޝ‬Q@(adj) not generous/not willing to give or share things; unkind
PRUDO>‫ޖ‬P‫ܥ‬UԥO@(adj) following standards of behaviour considered acceptable
and right by most people
SHUVRQDOLW\>S‫ޝܮ‬Vԥ‫ޖ‬Q OԥWL@(n) 1. various aspects of a person’s character that
combine to make them dierent from other people
2. a person whose strong character makes him/her noticeable
UHVHUYHG>Uܼ‫ޝܮ]ޖ‬YG@(adj) (of a person or their character) slow or unwilling to
show feelings or express opinions. opp: unreserved
VRFLDEOH>‫ޖ‬Vԥ‫ݕݜ‬ԥEO@(adj) enjoying spending time with other people, outgoing;
opp: unsociable
WHPSHU>‫ޖ‬WHPSԥ@(n) the way you are feeling at a particular time. syn: mood
WHPSHUHG>‫ޖ‬WHPSԥG@(adj) having a particular type of temper; good tempered/
sweet tempered
WUDLW>WUHܼW@(n) particular quality in your personality.

5
 Listening/Speaking

1 PW. Listen to the words and give their explanation describing

someone’s character. Group them as positive and negative.
DWWUDFWLY VHO¿VK
VRFLDEOH H GHFLVLYH
ZHDOWK\ VPDUW
P\VWH
ULRXV
HG 
UHVHUY
UIXO ULFK
FKHH
JUHHG
\ IULHQGO\
KHOSOHVV MHDORXV
WUXWK VLQFHUH
V IXO
FDUHOHV HWHUQDO

Model:All these words can help us to describe someone’s personality.

One of them is the word sociable - I’m sociable, because I love communicating
with other people.

2 GW. Listen to Susan’s letter and say if you agree with her ornot.
Share your thoughts about the problem.
'HDU(OOHQ
,Q\RXUODVWOHWWHU\RXUTXHVWLRQ“How important is our appearance”"FRQFHUQHG
PH JUHDWO\ )RU VXUH HYHU\RQH ZDQWV WR EH JRRGORRNLQJ , ZRQGHU ZKHWKHU
EHDXWLIXOSHRSOHDUHDOZD\VKDSS\RUQRW,JXHVVWREHDUHDOO\EHDXWLIXOSHUVRQPXVW
EHDSUREOHPEHFDXVHLQWKDWFDVHVRPHSHRSOHPD\EHPRUHLQWHUHVWHGLQORRNLQJDW
\RXWKDQWDONLQJWR\RX7RP\PLQGWKH\WKLQNRI\RXDVDSLFWXUHUDWKHUWKDQDSHUVRQ
7KHUHDUHDOVRVRPHSHRSOHZKRWKLQNWKDWZRPHQZKRDUHH[FHSWLRQDOO\SUHWW\DQG
PHQZKRDUHSDUWLFXODUO\KDQGVRPHDUHQ¶WDOZD\VFOHYHURUZLVH7KH\EHOLHYHWKDW
XQDWWUDFWLYHSHRSOHFDQEHPRUHLQWHOOLJHQW
2QWKHRWKHUKDQGQRRQHZDQWVWREHUHDOO\XJO\DQGQRRQHZDQWVWREHSODLQ
HLWKHUWKDWLVWREHQHLWKHUDWWUDFWLYHQRUXQDWWUDFWLYH,QP\RSLQLRQEHLQJDWWUDFWLYH
PD\SUREDEO\KHOS\RXEHULFK,WFDQKHOS\RX¿QGKDSSLQHVVEXWLWGRHVQ¶WDOZD\V
PDNH\RXKDSS\6RPD\EHWKHEHVWWKLQJLVQRWWRZRUU\DERXWKRZ\RXORRNEXW
VLPSO\WU\WREHDQLQWHUHVWLQJSHUVRQ,WKLQNWKDWWKRVHZKRVHHPLQWHUHVWLQJKDYH
LQWHUHVWLQJIDFHVDQGJRRGFKDUDFWHUVDQGORRNUHDOO\DWWUDFWLYH,WLVMXVWP\SRLQWRI
YLHZ Sincerely Yours, Susan.

3 GW. Explain the meaning of the adjectives in bold in task 2 and use
them in sentences.

4 IW/PW. Use the adjectives given in tasks 1, 2 to describe any student

in class and let your classmates guess his/her name asking all kinds
of questions.
*decisive [dsasv] (adj) very important for the nal result of a particular
6
situation; opp: indecisive
 Listening/Speaking

4 GW. Listen to the samples and give a description of some nationalities

adding more ideas. Then compare them in Venn Diagram using the
words around it.
FRXUDJHRXV
VRFLDEOH
7KH$]HUEDLMDQLV
‡ SDWLHQW
R U N LQ J S X
KDUGZ ‡ QFWXDO
X V W R OH
VHULR ‡ UDQW
JHQHURX H
V ‡ UHOLDEO
HDV\JRLQ 7KH(QJOLVK ‡ 7KH$PHULFDQV
J ‡ KRVSLWDEOH
‡ ‡
EUDYH ‡ ‡ ‡ UHVHUYHG
‡ ‡
SDWULRWLF FUHDWLYH
HPRWLRQDO
Model:
 , KDYH EHHQ WR $]HUEDLMDQ ODWHO\ , DGPLUH WKH KRVSLWDOLW\ RI WKH $]HUEDLMDQLV
7KH\DUHKRVSLWDEOHWROHUDQWUHVSHFWIXODQGYHU\DWWHQWLYHWRWKHLUJXHVWV
7KH$]HUEDLMDQLVDUHYHU\IULHQGO\DQGZHOFRPLQJSHRSOH7KHIDFWWKDWWKH\UHVSHFW
WKHROGDQGDOOHOGHUO\SHRSOHLVLQFUHGLEO\WRXFKLQJ,QSXEOLFWUDQVSRUWWKH\RXQJ
R൵HUWKHLUVHDWVWRWKHROGDQGWKHOLWWOHRQHV    0DUN

,MXVWFDQ¶WEHOLHYHKRZSXQFWXDOWKH*HUPDQVDUH(YHU\WKLQJKDSSHQVDWDQH[DFW
WLPHWKDWWKH\VD\DQGLIDQ\WKLQJJRHVZURQJHYHU\ERG\JHWVUHDOO\EDGWHPSHUHG
$QGWKH\DUHDOVRIULHQGO\LIWKH\NQRZ\RXWKH\RIWHQLQYLWH\RXWRWKHLUKRXVHIRU
FR൵HHDQGFDNHV       $JLO

 %ULWLVK SHRSOH DUH IDVFLQDWLQJ  (YHU\RQH LV IULHQGO\ , KDYH JRW PDQ\ IULHQGV
IURP(QJODQG7KH\DUHUHDOO\IXQQ\DQGZHVSHQGDORWRIWLPHDWSDUWLHVWRJHWKHU
%ULWLVKSHRSOHDUHUHVHUYHGDQGTXLHW$QG,ZDQWWRVD\WKDWWKH\GRQ¶WOLNHFKDWWLQJ
WRRPXFK7KH\GRQ¶WOLNHWRVKRZWKHLUHPRWLRQVHLWKHU  )LGDQ

  $PHULFDQ SHRSOH DUH RSWLPLVWLF 7KH\ DOZD\V H[SHFW WR ZLQ , KDYH EHHQ WR
$PHULFDODWHO\,DGPLUHWKHLUFXVWRPVDQGWUDGLWLRQV$PHULFDLVDIULHQGO\FRXQWU\
ZLWKIULHQGO\SHRSOH,QVPDOO$PHULFDQWRZQVSHRSOHVD\³+HOOR´WR\RXHYHQZKHQ
WKH\GRQ¶WNQRZ\RX       1XUD\

 , KDYH EHHQ WR )LQODQG WKLV \HDU :KHQ , DUULYHG WKHUH WKH SHRSOH , PHW
HVSHFLDOO\LQVKRSVDQGUHVWDXUDQWVVHHPHGYHU\VHULRXV%XWP\RSLQLRQVFKDQJHG
ZKHQ,PDGHVRPHIULHQGV)LQQLVKSHRSOHLQIDFWORYHKDYLQJDJRRGWLPHDQGDUH
YHU\ JHQHURXV WRR ,Q JHQHUDO WKH SHRSOH DUH SDWULRWLF DQG NHHQ WR VKRZ \RX WKHLU
FRXQWU\7KH\DUHDOVRKDUGZRUNLQJDQGH[WUHPHO\WLG\DWKRPH 7XUJXW
*fascinating [fæsnet] - charming, attractive, lovely, glamorous 7
 Listening/Speaking

5 GW/PW. Have a look and express your opinions on colours.

:KLWH %ODFN %OXH 5HG
 –  –  –  –
JRRGQHVV SURWHFWLRQ VDGQHVV ORYH ORYH
LQQRFHQFH GUDPDWLF FRQVHUYD OR\DOW\ HQHUJ\
SXULW\ VHFXULW\ SRZHU
IUHVK IRUPDOLW\ WLYH
WUXVW SDVVLRQ
HDV\ VWUHQJWK
FOHDQ LQWHOOLJHQFH

%URZQ *UHHQ 3LQN <HOORZ

 –  –  –  –
IULHQGO\ HPSDWKLF PRQH\ HQY\ KHDOWK\ ZHDN EULJKW
FRQVHUYDWLYH GRJPDWLF JURZWK MHDORXV\ KDSS\ LPPDWXULW\ HQHUJ\
VXQ
IHUWLOLW\ JXLOW VZHHW
FUHDWLYLW\
IUHVKQHVV SOD\IXO LQWHOOHFW

6 PW. Listen to the dialogue and make generalization. Then act it out.
6HYGD'RFRORXUVD൵HFW\RXUIHHOLQJV"
6KDLJ<HV RI FRXUVH (YHU\ FRORXU DURXQG XV D൵HFWV RXU IHHOLQJV (YHQ WKH
FRORXURIWKHZDOOVR൶ FHLQWHULRUFRORXUFORWKHVDQGRWKHUWKLQJVFDQ
D൵HFWRXUHPRWLRQVEHKDYLRXUDQGVNLOOV
6HYGD5HDOO\":KDWFRORXUVVKRXOGZHZHDULQWKHQ"
6KDLJ :H VKRXOG EH DWWHQWLYH ZKLOH SLFNLQJ WKH ULJKW FRORXU )LUVW RI DOO
FRORXUVVKRXOGPDWFKRXUFKDUDFWHUV,I\RXZDQWWRNQRZPRUH\RXFDQ
UHDG SV\FKRORJLVWV¶ RSLQLRQV DERXW FRORXUV 7KH\ VD\ WKH FRORXUV ZH
FKRRVHWHOODERXWRXUFKDUDFWHUV
6HYGD<RXDUHULJKW,DOZD\VSUHIHUGDUNFRORXUVWROLJKWRQHV$QGP\IULHQGV
VD\WKDW,DPSHVVLPLVWLF
6KDLJ%\WKHZD\WKHUHZLOOEHDSURJUDPDERXWFRORXUVRQ79WRQLJKWGRQ¶W
IRUJHWWRZDWFKLW
6HYGD2KWKDQN\RXVRPXFK,¶OOZDWFKLWIRUVXUH
6HOI$VVHVVPHQW /HYHO5HDFKHG
'HVFULSWLRQRI$FKLHYHPHQW ([FHOOHQW *RRG )DLU 3RRU
/LVWHQLQJ6SHDNLQJ
I can:
‡OLVWHQWRWKHQHZZRUGVDQGXQGHUVWDQGWKHLU
PHDQLQJ
‡GHVFULEHVRPHRQH¶VDSSHDUDQFHDQGFKDUDFWHU
‡VKDUHP\LGHDVRQWKHWRSLF
‡H[SODLQWKHPHDQLQJRIDGMHFWLYHVGHVFULELQJ
FKDUDFWHUV
‡H[SUHVVP\RZQLGHDVRQFRORXUV
‡SOD\DUROHPDNLQJJHQHUDOL]DWLRQ

8 *guilt [glt] sin, fault

 Reading

1 PW/CW. Read the interview with correct intonation and act it out.
Find the connectors and say what they mean.
+RVW RI WKH VKRZ 2Q WRGD\¶V SURJUDPPH ZH¶UH JRLQJ WR WDON DERXW FRORXUV ZKDW
WKH\ PHDQ DQG ZKDW WKH\ FDQ GR IRU \RX &RORXUV FDQ GHVFULEH SHRSOH DQG WKHLU
SHUVRQDOLWLHV:HOFRPH WR RXU VKRZ 0U $GDPV SOHDVH WHOO XV D OLWWOH ELW DERXW
FRORXUV
3V\FKRORJLVW /HW¶V VWDUW ZLWK UHG 0DQ\ SHRSOH DUH DIUDLG RI ZHDULQJ WKLV FRORXU
EHFDXVHLW¶VVREULJKWIf you see anyone wearing red, you can be sure they are very
brave and quite happy with their lives.
+RVWRIWKHVKRZ:KDWDERXWEOXH",¶YHKHDUGWKDWSHRSOHZKRZHDUWKLVFRORXUDUH
UDWKHUPHDQ
3V\FKRORJLVW 7KDW¶V QRW WUXH In fact WKH\ DUH XVXDOO\ YHU\ NLQG Also, you will
never see anyone wearing blue lose their temper, because they always remain calm
in a critical situation.7KH\DUHVRPHWLPHVTXLWHMHDORXVSHRSOH$QGWKH\DUHYHU\
VRFLDEOHWRR7KH\OLNHWRKDYHDJRRGWLPHZLWKIULHQGVDQGDOZD\VKDYHVRPHWKLQJ
QLFHWRVD\
+RVWRIWKHVKRZ2KWKDQN\RX%XWZKDWDERXWEODFNWKHPRVWSRSXODUFRORXURI
DOO"
3V\FKRORJLVWEverybody knows that black represents power and money.3HRSOHZKR
ZHDUEODFNDORWFDQVRPHWLPHVEHPHDQ7KH\GRQ¶WOLNHVKDULQJWKLQJVLQPRVWFDVHV
7KH\DUHRIWHQTXLWHKDSS\
+RVWRIWKHVKRZ7KDW¶VYHU\LQWHUHVWLQJ:KDWFDQ\RXVD\DERXWSXUSOH"
3V\FKRORJLVW Purple is a colour that belongs to someone who is very loyal and a
little shy. 3XUSOHORYHUVXVXDOO\PDNHYHU\JRRGIULHQGV,I\RXVHHVRPHRQHZHDULQJ
SXUSOHJRDKHDGDQGWDONWRWKHP
+RVWRIWKHVKRZ:HOO,¶OOWU\WRGRVR$QGZKDWHOVHFDQ\RXWHOOXV0U$GDPV"
3V\FKRORJLVW/HWPHWHOO\RXDERXW\HOORZDQGZKLWHA person who wears yellow
has a serious nature. 7KH\¶UH DOVR YHU\ ZDUPKHDUWHG DQG WKH\ ORYH FKLOGUHQ DQG
DQLPDOV<HVZKLWHLVWKHFRORXUWKDWKRQHVWSHRSOHZHDU/LNHJUHHQORYHUVWKH\DUH
DOVRVRFLDEOHDQGHQMR\PHHWLQJSHRSOH
+RVWRIWKHVKRZ:HOOWKDQN\RXYHU\PXFK0U$GDPVIRUDYHU\
LQWHUHVWLQJFRQYHUVDWLRQDQGLWZDVDSOHDVXUHWDONLQJWR\RX

2 GW. Analyze the statements in italics in the interview above and give
your opinions.

9
 Writing

1 GW. Use the words in the box and complete the table showing the
following characters of some nationalities. Explain your ideas.
communicative friendly generous relaxed tense
hard-working talkative punctual optimistic quiet
pessimistic modest serious mean warm
hospitable reliable patriotic lazy rude
ambitious cheerful funny polite cold

7KH 7KH 7KH)UHQFK 7KH5XVVLDQV

$]HUEDLMDQLV -DSDQHVH

7KH 7KH%ULWLVK 7KH*HUPDQV 7KH)LQQLVK

$PHULFDQV

2 IW/PW. Make up a dialogue asking and answering the questions. Then

write your points of view on colours and characters.
6DPDG:KDWFRORXUVDUHLPSRUWDQWIRU\RX:K\"
6KDIDBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
6DPDG+DYHFRORXUVFKDQJHGDQ\WKLQJLQ\RXUOLIH"+RZ"
6KDIDBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
6DPDG:KDWFRORXUVFDQPDNH\RXKDSSLHUPRUHRSWLPLVWLF":K\GR\RXWKLQNVR"
6KDIDBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

3 GW. Write the close and opposite meaning of the words.

Sample: close = courageous-brave opposite ≠ polite-impolite

&ORVH 2SSRVLWH

VRFLDEOH SROLWH
UHVHUYHG GLOLJHQW
DWWUDFWLYH NLQG
MHDORXV VLQFHUH
FRXUDJHRXV WDONDWLYH
GHYRWHG SHVVLPLVWLF
HWHUQDO DPELWLRXV
PHDQ KDSS\

10
4 GW. Fill in the table with appropriate adjectives showing personality
for each colour.
&RORXUV 3HUVRQDOLW\&KDUDFWHU
ZKLWH
UHG
EOXH
JUHHQ
EODFN
SXUSOH
\HOORZ

5 GW. Make a list of adjectives that describe characters.

• enthusiastic • • •
• loyal • • •
• • • •

6 GW. Match the adjectives with their halves to describe characters using
connectors. Model: Tim is very honest, because he never tells lies.
QHYHUVWRSVWDONLQJ DKRQHVW
GRHVQ¶WVSHDNDORW who but EMHDORXV
WDONVWRHYHU\ERG\ because as FVRFLDEOH
QHYHUEHWUD\VIULHQGV GWDONDWLYH
DOZD\VZDLWVIRUVRPHWKLQJFDOPO\ and or HIXQQ\
WKLQNVRIQHZLGHDV which that IFROG
QHYHUWHOOVOLHV and JOR\DO
KDWHVVSHQGLQJPRQH\ KLPDJLQDWLYH
IHHOVDQJU\DERXWQRWKDYLQJZKDWRWKHUVKDYH LSDWLHQW
ORYHVKLVKHUFRXQWU\ MXQFRPPXQLFDWLYH
GRHVQ¶WOLNHFKDWWLQJ NSDWULRWLF
KDVDJRRGVHQVHRIKXPRXU OVK\
GRHVQ¶WOLNHWRVKRZHPRWLRQV PPHDQ
Checklist Assessment
I can ... Samples
PDNHXSDVWRU\ZLWKWKHFRORXUVDQG Begin like this:&RORXUVDOZD\VLQÀXHQFHP\
FKDUDFWHUV OLIH7KH\DUHLPSRUWDQW«
¿QGDQGZULWHFORVHPHDQLQJV
FRPPXQLFDWLYHRSSRVLWHXQFRPPXQLFDWLYH
DQGRSSRVLWHVRIWKHZRUGV
PDNHDOLVWRIDGMHFWLYHVGHVFULELQJ
VRFLDEOHSDWLHQWMHDORXVKRQHVWHWF
FKDUDFWHUV
PDWFKDGMHFWLYHVZLWKWKH
-DQHLVKRQHVWEHFDXVHVKHQHYHUWHOOVOLHV
FRQQHFWRUVWRGHVFULEHFKDUDFWHUV

11
 Lesson 2. Aim Low or Aim High!?

What you’ll learn:

‡:KHUHWKHJRDOFRPHVIURP
‡,IDSHUVRQFDQOLYHZLWKRXWDJRDODLP
‡+RZZHXQGHUVWDQGWKHTXRWH³$LP/RZ$LP+LJK´
‡:KLFKWUDLWVRIFKDUDFWHUVDUHWKHPRVWYDOXDEOH
‡:KLFKFKDUDFWHUWUDLWVDQQR\\RXDQGZK\ZHGLVOLNHWKHPLQSHRSOH
‡:KDWTXDOLWLHVDUHZRUWKGHYHORSLQJLQRQHVHOIDQGZK\

Word File
DFFRPSOLVKPHQW>ԥ‫ޖ‬N‫ݞ‬PSOܼ‫ݕ‬PԥQW@(n) an impressive thing that is done or
achieved after a lot of work.
ERUHGRP>‫ޖ‬E‫ޝܧ‬GԥP@(n) the state of feeling bored/the quality of being very
boring
EULQJXS>‫ޖ‬EUܼƾ‫ݞ‬S@(v) care for teaching smb how to behave, educate,
breed, grow, etc.
FRPPLW>Nԥ‫ޖ‬PܼW@(v) yourself/to smth – to give an opinion or make a decision openly
FXULRVLW\>‫ޙ‬NM‫ݜ‬ԥUL‫ܥޖ‬VԥWL@(n) interest
GLVDSSRLQWHG>GܼVԥ‫ޖ‬S‫ܼܧ‬QWܼG@ (adj) upset because smth you hoped for has not
happened or has not been as good, successful, etc. as you expected
LJQRUDQW>‫ܼܳޖ‬QԥUԥQW@(adj) lacking knowledge or awareness in general;
uneducated or unsophisticated.
LJQRUDQFH>‫ܼܳޖ‬QԥUԥQV@(n) paying no attention to/impoliteness, illiteracy, etc.
PHDQLQJIXO>‫ޖ‬PL‫ޝ‬QܼƾIXO@(adj) having a meaning that is easy to understand
SUXGHQW>‫ޖ‬SUX‫ޝ‬GQW@(adj)sensible and careful when you make judgements and
decisions, well-judged. opp:-imprudent
UHDVRQDEOH>‫ޖ‬UL‫]ޝ‬QԥEO@(adj) fair, practical and sensible. opp:-unreasonable
VSHFLDOL]HLQ>‫ޖ‬VSH‫ݕ‬ԥODܼ]@(v) become an expert in a particular area
of work/study/business
VRDU>V‫ޝܧ‬U@(adj) y upward or at a great height

1 IW. Listen and write the words with the same sound in the right column.
 FRPPLW   DFFRPSOLVKPHQW   SUXGHQW   EULQJ XS
LJQRUH   PHDQLQJIXO    GHIHDW    FRUH    ERUHGRP
UXOHVRDUUHDVRQDEOHGLVVDSRLQWHG

>‫@ޝܧ‬ >ԥ@ >X‫@ޝ‬ >L‫@ޝ‬ >‫@ݞ‬

‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
12
 Listening/Speaking

2 GW. Listen and say what you think about the given quotes/tips.
Ŷ/HDUQHYHU\GD\
Even if you are really tired, try to learn something for only 5-10 min. Never miss
a chance to increase your knowledge! Use it or lose it!
Practice makes perfect! Experience!

Ŷ%HPRWLYDWHG
What’s your goal?Always think about your objective!

Ŷ%H%UDYH
Don’t worry about small mistakes that you make or made!
No-one minds! Challenge yourself! Go ahead! Go for it! Try!
Make an eort!
   Ŷ/HDUQIURP<HVWHUGD\
    Ŷ+RSHIRU7RPRUURZ
     Ŷ/RYH$OZD\VDQG/LYH

REMEMBER!

WRJRIRUVPWK WRWKLQN JRDKHDGto WRZRUU\ WRPLVVD

to choose sth, DERXWWRhave go in front of DERXWto FKDQFHWR
to put a lot of a particular other people in give way to miss an
eort into sth, opinion, idea your group and anxiety, opportunity
so that you get about someone arrive before be concerned to hit
or achieve sth. or something them. or panic

3 PW. Answer the questions and act the dialogue out.

5XIDW+DYH\RXDOUHDG\PDGHXS\RXUGHFLVLRQRQ\RXUFDUHHU"
)LGDQBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
5XIDW:KHQGLG\RXEHJLQPDNLQJSODQVIRUWKHIXWXUH"
)LGDQBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
5XIDW:KHQZLOO\RXPDNHDGH¿QLWHFKRLFHDERXW\RXUIXWXUHSURIHVVLRQ"
'RHVDQ\ERG\KHOS\RXWRPDNHDFKRLFH"
)LGDQBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
5XIDW:KRKHOSV\RXLQPDNLQJGHFLVLRQV"
)LGDQBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
5XIDW:K\GR\RXWKLQNWHDFKLQJLVDQREOHSURIHVVLRQ"
)LGDQBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
5XIDW:KDWWUDLWVPXVWDJRRGWHDFKHUKDYH"
)LGDQBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
5XIDW:KDWGL൶ FXOWLHVRIDWHDFKLQJSURIHVVLRQFDQ\RXQDPH"
)LGDQBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
13
4 GW. Listen to the statements and share your opinions.

REMEMBER!
Ƈ*RDOVPDNH\RXVXFFHVVIXO
Ƈ*RDOVGHYHORS\RXUSRWHQWLDO
Ƈ*RDOVLPSURYH\RXUVHOIDZDUHQHVV
Ƈ*RDOVDOORZ\RXWRGHYHORSGUHDPV
Ƈ*RDOVFDQKHOS\RXPDNHDQGVDYHPRQH\
Ƈ*RDOVFDQKHOS\RXLQSODQQLQJIRUIXWXUH
Ƈ*RDOVOHW\RXPDNHWKHEHVWXVHRI\RXUWDOHQWV
‡My teacher gave me the best gift of all: She taught me believing in me!
‡Teachers plant the seeds of knowledge that last a lifetime!
‡ A teacher is a compass that activates the magnets of curiosity, knowledge,
and wisdom in the pupils! (Ever Garrison)
‡ What’s the dierence between school and life? In school, you are taught a
lesson and then given a test. In life, you’re given a test that teaches you a lesson!”
(Tom Bodett)
‡Instead of saying “Impossible”, let’s teach our students to say: “It is possible!”
‡“Don’t be disappointed if people refuse to help you! Remember Einstein’s words:”
I’m thankful to all those who said No! Because of them I did it myself”.
“The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for
existing”. (Albert Einstein.)
www.uniqueteachingresources.com 
5 IW/PW. Listen to the student’s thoughts/advice in the letter and try to
set your own goal.
6HW<RXU2ZQ*RDO
,WKLQNRXUSDUHQWVIULHQGVDQGUHODWLYHVFDQLQÀXHQFHRXU
JRDOV%HVXUHWKDWWKHJRDOV\RXVHWUHÀHFWRQZKDWLVLPSRUWDQW
WR \RX 7R DFKLHYH DQ\ JRDO \RX PXVW EH FRPPLWWHG WR LW
<RXVKRXOGPDNH\RXUJRDOPRUHPHDQLQJIXO)RULQVWDQFH
SDUWLFLSDWLQJ LQ WKH  NP UXQQLQJ PDUDWKRQ LVQ¶W HQRXJK
<RX FDQ¶W  UHDFK \RXU JRDO ZLWKRXW D SODQ RI DFWLRQ7U\ WR
PDNHDQGFRXQWHDFKVWHSRI\RXUJRDO,I\RXSODQZKDWWRGR
EHIRUHKDQGLWZLOOEHPXFKHDVLHUWRLPSOHPHQWLW.HHSWKH
JRDOLQ\RXUPLQGDVORQJDVSRVVLEOH7U\WRSLFWXUHLW$OVR
ZULWH LW GRZQ RQ SDSHU :KDWHYHU \RXU JRDO LV UHDG LW DORXG HYHU\ PRUQLQJ DQG
HYHU\QLJKW7KHQGHYRWHWKHWLPHDQGHQHUJ\QHHGHGWRPDNHLWFRPHWUXH'RQ¶W
IRUJHWWKDWLWGHSHQGVRQ\RXWRPDNHJRDOVKDSSHQ*RRGOXFN
        Sincerely, Sara.

14
 COMPARE AND REMEMBER!
:KDWnoun :KLFKnoun (things or people)

‡What colour is your car?
‡What size is your shirt?
‡What time is it now?
‡Which job is better for you-a doctor or a
teacher?
‡Which train could you catch-the 9 or the 10?
‡Which doctor did you see-Doctor Ellis or
Doctor Gray?

:KDWwithout a noun
‡What’s your favourite colour?
‡What do you want to be?
:KLFKwithout a noun
for things not people
‡Which profession is better for you
a doctor or a teacher?
‡Which is bigger-Canada or Australia?

:KDW or:KLFK"

We use :KLFK when we think

:KDWis more general about a small number of possibilities
(perhaps, 2-3 or 4)
‡What colour is your
‡What is the capital of Argentina?
car? ‡We can go this way or that way. Which
way shall we go?
‡Whatsize
‡What sortisofyour
music do you like?
shirt? ‡There are four bags here. Which one is
‡What colour are your eyes? yours?
‡Which river is longer-The Thames or
‡What books do you like to read? the Nile?
‡What kind of books do you like ‡Which of these books have you read?
most of all?

6 PW. Complete the sentences with Which or What looking through

“Remember and Compare” box.
BBBBBBBBLVWKHGL൵HUHQFHEHWZHHQVFKRRODQGOLIH"
BBBBBBBBMREGR\RXOLNHPRVWRIDOO"
BBBBBBBBWUDLWVRIFKDUDFWHUGR\RXDSSULFLDWHPRVW"
BBBBBBBBFRORXUGR\RXSUHIHUSLQNRUUHG"
BBBBBBBBLV\RXUPDLQJRDO"
BBBBBBBBTXDOLWLHV\RXWKLQNDUHZRUWKGHYHORSLQJLQRQHVHOI"
BBBBBBBBLVODUJHU7KH$WODQWLFRUWKH3DFL¿F"
BBBBBBBBVXEMHFWVGR\RXOLNHLQVFKRRO"
BBBBBBBBLVWKHPRVWYDOXDEOHWKLQJIRU\RXLQOLIH"
BBBBBBBBRIWKHVWDWHPHQWVGLG\RXOLNHPRVW"

15
 7 PW/GW. Have a look at “Compare and Remember!” box below. Read the
passage and ask questions for the parts in bold.
&XULRXV SHRSOH DOZD\V DVN TXHVWLRQV DQG VHDUFK IRU
DQVZHUV LQ WKHLU PLQGV 7KH PLQG LV OLNH D PXVFOH 7KH
PHQWDO H[HUFLVH FDXVHG E\ FXULRVLW\ PDNHV \RXU PLQG
VWURQJHU WKDW¶V ZK\ \RX FDQQRW ¿QG DQ LQWHOOHFWXDO
SHUVRQ ZKR LV QRW FXULRXV &XULRXV SHRSOH DUH DEOH
WR VHH QHZ SRVVLELOLWLHV ZKLFK DUH KLGGHQ EHKLQG WKH
VXUIDFH  RI QRUPDO OLIH DQG DUH QRW YLVLEOH 7KH\ GRQ¶W
DFFHSW WKH ZRUOG DV LW LV DQG WU\ WR GLJ GHHSHU $ VXUH
ZD\ WR GLJ GHHSHU LV DVNLQJ  TXHVWLRQV What, why, when, who, where DQG how
DUH WKH EHVW  IULHQGV RI FXULRXV SHRSOH &XULRVLW\ EULQJV  D ORW RI H[FLWHPHQW VR
FXULRXV SHRSOH KDYH DQ DGYHQWXURXV OLIH 7KHUH DUH DOZD\V QHZ WKLQJV WKDW
DWWUDFWWKHLUDWWHQWLRQ7KH\QHYHUFDOOVRPHWKLQJDVERULQJ7KH\DOZD\VVHHLWDVD
GRRUWRDQH[FLWLQJZRUOG6RORRNDWOLIHWKURXJKWKHJODVVHVRIIXQDQGH[FLWHPHQW
DQGHQMR\OHDUQLQJ
COMPARE AND REMEMBER!

What? object

Why? because
Where? place

When? time

Which? choose

people
Who?

How? way

age
How old?

How much? quantity

16
 Reading
1 GW/PW. Read the “Remember” box and try to build up sentences using
the given samples.
REMEMBER!
Model: <RXU“self”LV\RXU
QDWXUH$SHUVRQ¶V“self” PHDQV“individuality”DQGLW
PDNHV\RXGL൵HUHQWIURPHYHU\RQHDQGHYHU\WKLQJHOVH

7KHDGMHFWLYH
self-assuredXVXDOO\
VWUHVVHVWKDWSHRSOHDUHYHU\
FRQ¿GHQWLQWKHZD\WKH\GHDO
ZLWKRWKHUSHRSOHHVSHFLDOO\LQ
SXEOLFVLWXDWLRQVZKHQRWKHU
Self-respect 
SHRSOH¶VDWWHQWLRQLV¿[HGRQ Self-employed
SULGHDQGFRQ¿GHQFH
WKHP ZRUNLQJIRURQHVHOIDVD
LQRQHVHOIDIHHOLQJWKDW
RQHLVEHKDYLQJZLWK IUHHODQFHU RUWKHRZQHU
KRQRXUDQGUHVSHFWIRU RIDEXVLQHVVUDWKHUWKDQ
KLPVHOI IRUDQHPSOR\HU

Self
Self-condent Self-condent
or self-assured? SHRSOHDUHVXUHWKDWWKH\
7KHZRUGV self-condentDQGself- KDYHDELOLWLHVDQGDUHDWWUDFWLYH
assured DUH YHU\ FORVH LQ PHDQLQJ DQGWKDWRWKHUSHRSOHOLNHWKHP
7KH\ ERWK DUH XVHG WR VKRZ WKDW D 6HOIFRQ¿GHQWSHRSOHDUHQRWDIUDLG
SHUVRQ FDQ GHDO ZLWK D VLWXDWLRQ RUQHUYRXVLQVRFLDOVLWXDWLRQV
VXFFHVVIXOO\DQGLVQRWZRUULHGWKDW
W
KHVKH FRXOG GR VRPHWKLQJ Self-assessment
ZURQJRUIDLO DVVHVVPHQWRU
HYDOXDWLRQRIRQHVHOI
RURQH¶VDFWLRQVDQG
DWWLWXGHV
Sample:
1. Dr.Lauren was a very self-assured woman. She answered the dicult questions of
the audience in a very assured way.

2. Though he was a teenager, he was always self-condent, happily participating in

adult conversations.
2 GW. Make an interview and discuss the followings.
• which WUDLWV of character, in your opinion, are the most valuable and why you
admire them in people;
• which traits of character annoy you and why you don’t like them in others;
• what qualities you think are worth developing in oneself and why.
IUHHODQFHU±an independent worker 17
 Reading

3 GW. Read the article and find the meaning of the words in bold in the
article. Find and match the new words 1-7 with a-g below.

:KHQ \RX OHDYH VFKRRO \RX XQGHUVWDQG WKDW WKH WLPH WR FKRRVH \RXU IXWXUH
SURIHVVLRQ KDV FRPH ,W¶V QRW HDV\  WR PDNH D ULJKW FKRLFH , DP VXUH WKDW OHDYLQJ
VFKRRO LV WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI P\  LQGHSHQGHQW OLIH WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI D VHULRXV
H[DPLQDWLRQRIP\DELOLWLHVDQGFKDUDFWHU,KDYHDVNHGP\VHOIVRPDQ\WLPHV³:KDW
GR,ZDQWWREHZKHQ,OHDYHVFKRRO"´$IHZ\HDUVDJRLWZDVGL൶ FXOWIRUPHWRJLYHD
GH¿QLWHDQVZHU$VWKH\HDUVSDVVHG,FKDQJHGP\PLQGTXLWHDIHZWLPHVDERXWZKLFK
VFLHQFHRU¿HOGRILQGXVWU\WRVSHFLDOL]HLQ,WZDVGL൶ FXOWWRPDNHXSP\PLQG
DQGFKRRVHDSURIHVVLRQ
$ FRXSOH RI \HDUV DJR , ZDQWHG WR EHFRPH D GRFWRU , WKRXJKW LW ZDV D YHU\
QREOH SURIHVVLRQ , ZDV JRRG DW ELRORJ\ DQG FKHPLVWU\ LQ WKH WK DQG WK JUDGHV
, ZDQWHG WR KHOS SHRSOH ZKR KDG SUREOHPV ZLWK KHDOWK , NQHZ WKDW D GRFWRU
VKRXOG EH QREOH LQ ZRUN DQG OLIH NLQG DQG DWWHQWLYH WR SHRSOH UHVSRQVLEOH DQG
 UHDVRQDEOH KRQHVW DQG  SUXGHQW $ GRFWRU  VKRXOG EH JRRG DW KLVKHU
SURIHVVLRQ,WULHGWRGRP\EHVWWRGHYHORSJRRGTXDOLWLHVLQP\VHOI
,KDYHDOUHDG\GHFLGHGZKDWWRGR,¶GOLNHWREHDWHDFKHU,NQRZWKDWLW¶VYHU\
GL൶FXOW WR EHFRPH D JRRG WHDFKHU 7R WHDFK \RXU VXEMHFW SHUIHFWO\  \RX VKRXOG EH
ZHOOHGXFDWHGDQGZHOOLQIRUPHG
$Q  LJQRUDQW WHDFKHU WHDFKHV  LJQRUDQFH D IHDUIXO WHDFKHU WHDFKHV IHDU D
ERUHG WHDFKHU WHDFKHV  ERUHGRP %XW D JRRG WHDFKHU GHYHORSV LQ KLV SXSLOV WKH
EXUQLQJGHVLUHWROHDUQDQGORYHIRUWKHWUXWKDQGEHDXW\$V-RKQ6WHLQEHFNRQFHVDLG
DJUHDWWHDFKHULVDJUHDWDUWLVWDQG\RXNQRZKRZIHZJUHDWDUWLVWVWKHUHDUHLQWKH
ZRUOG)RUPHWHDFKLQJLVWKHJUHDWHVWDUW,W¶VDOVRDJUHDWUHVSRQVLELOLW\WREULQJXS
FKLOGUHQ,WKLQNWKDW¶VWKHUHDVRQZK\WHDFKHUVDUHGHHSO\UHVSHFWHG
(By Joan Kelly)
a) the state of being bored
b) practical and sensible
c) become an expert in a practical area of work
d) careful when you make decisions
e) lacking knowledge or awareness in general
f) a lack of knowledge or information about smth
g) not depending on another’s authority

18
 Reading

4 GW/CW. Read, take notes on something that’s new to you. 4 sentences

have been removed from the text. Fill in the gaps with A-D sentences.

$LPORZBoring,$LPKLJKSoaring!
-DPHV ZDQWV WR EH D KLVWRU\ WHDFKHU 6WHSKDQLH GUHDPV
RI EHLQJ D QHZVSDSHU UHSRUWHU $QG\ ZRQ¶W EH VDWLV¿HG
XQWLOKHRZQVDFDUUHSDLUVKRS-DPHV6WHSKDQLHDQG$QG\
KDYH JRDOV WKH\ KDYH VRPHWKLQJ WR ZRUN WRZDUG *RDOV DUH
FOHDULGHDVSODQVRUSXUSRVHVRIZKDW\RX¶GOLNHWRDFKLHYH
BBBBBBBBBB7KH\JLYH\RXDSLFWXUHRIWKHSODFHZKHUH
\RX DUH JRLQJ DQG VKRZ WKH ZD\V KRZ  WR JHW WKHUH <RXU
JRDOVDOVRJXLGH\RXLQ\RXUXVHRIWLPH$V\RXDFKLHYHSHUVRQDOJRDOV\RXUOLIH
EHFRPHVPRUHLQWHUHVWLQJ7KHJUHDWHVWZDVWHRIRXUQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHVLVWKHQXPEHU
RISHRSOHZKRQHYHUDFKLHYHWKHLUSRWHQWLDO,I\RXWKLQN\RXFDQ¶W\RXZRQ¶W
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB(YHQPDNLQJDQH൵RUWZLOOPDNH\RXIHHOOLNHDQHZ
SHUVRQ5HSXWDWLRQVDUHPDGHE\VHDUFKLQJIRUWKLQJVWKDWFDQ¶WEHGRQH
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB0RVWRIWKHPFRPHIURPGUHDPVRUKRSHV)RULQVWDQFH
\RXDQG\RXUIULHQGVPD\GUHDPRIEHFRPLQJZHDOWK\RUIDPRXV3HUKDSV\RX
KDYHGUHDPVRIPDQDJLQJEXVLQHVVWUDYHOOLQJDURXQGWKHZRUOGRUZULWLQJDERRN
 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB ,W¶V LPSRUWDQW WR VHW ERWK VKRUW DQG ORQJWHUP JRDOV
6KRUWWHUPJRDOVVXFKDVUHDGLQJDERRNFOHDQLQJ\RXUURRPZULWLQJDOHWWHURU
OHDUQLQJ PRUH DERXW FRPSXWHU DUH HDVLHU WR UHDFK WKDQ ORQJWHUP JRDOV %\ VHW
WLQJVKRUWWHUPJRDOV\RXIHHOZHOOZKHQ\RXUHDFKWKHPDQGJDLQDVHQVHRI
DFFRPSOLVKPHQW/RQJWHUPJRDOVFDQEHHDVLHUWRDFKLHYHLIWKH\DUHGLYLGHGLQWR
DVHULHVRIVKRUWWHUPJRDOV
$,I\RXWKLQN\RXFDQWKHUHLVDJRRGFKDQFH\RXZLOO
 %*RDOVFDQEHVKRUWWHUPRUORQJWHUP
 &7KHGH¿QLWHSODQV\RXKDYHLQOLIHDUH\RXUJRDOV
 '*RDOVFRPHRXWRIQRZKHUH

5 GW. Analyze the following statements:

• Making an eort will make you feel like a new person.

• Most of the goals come from dreams or hopes.
• If you think you can, there is a good chance you will.
• You should follow certain steps to achieve your goals.

6 GW. Project. Think of a story on these questions:

• How can people set goals and achieve them?
• Why do people fail to achieve their goals? Give your reasons.
19
 Writing

1 IW. Make a list of goals/aims you have. Choose one, and list four short-
term goals you will need to reach before achieving the long-term goal.

2 IW/GW. Project. Create a Public Service Announcement (PSA) encouraging

people to set and achieve goals. Aim your announcement at the teenage
population. Present your PSA to the class.

3 IW. Make up sentences of your own using the following words and
expressions.
to make an eort boredom ignorant
to make a choice to specialize self-assured
to bring up to achieve responsibility
potential goals fearful

4 PW/GW. Write on the following looking through task 4 on page 19.

Ƈ Outline the steps in the decision making process
Ƈ Outline the steps in the goal- making process
7KLQNDERXWWKHGHWDLOVRIDGHFLVLRQPDNLQJSURFHVV
• Give an example of three decisions that you have made.
....................................................
• Explain two reasons for making decisions.
....................................................
• Name three types of decisions that are related to teenage activities.
....................................................
2XWOLQHDQGH[SODLQJRDOPDNLQJSURFHVV
• Give an example for both a short -term and a long-term goal.
....................................................
• List four steps that need to be followed.
....................................................

5 PW/IW Complete the table and explain each word.

self-educated devoted self-love self-condent

self –assured honest impolite self-importance
pessimistic selsh faithful self-disciplined
optimistic rude ignorant painstaking

3RVLWLYH 1HJDWLYH
‡ ‡
‡ ‡
‡ ‡

20
6 IW. Guess the meanings of the following words and match them with
the definitions on the right.
DIHHOLQJVXUHRIWKHLUDELOLWLHVDQGZRUWK VHOIFRQ¿GHQW
EEHLQJDEOHWRFRQWUROWKHPVHOYHVDQGPDNH
WKHPVHOYHVZRUNKDUGRUEHKDYHLQDSDUWLFXODUZD\ VHOILQWHUHVWHG
ZLWKRXWQHHGLQJDQ\RQHHOVHWRWHOOWKHPZKDWWRGR
FDOZD\VWU\LQJWRGRZKDWLVEHVWIRUWKHPVHOYHV VHOIGLVFLSOLQHG
UDWKHUWKDQIRUDQ\RQHHOVH
GFDULQJRQO\DERXWWKHPVHOYHVDQGQRWDERXWRWKHU VHOIHGXFDWHG
SHRSOH
HEHLQJFDOPDQGFRQ¿GHQWDQGLQFRQWURORIWKHLU VHOISRVVHVVHG
HPRWLRQV 
IKDYLQJOHDUQWDVNLOOE\WKHPVHOYHV VHO¿VK

7 PW/IW. Think and complete.

$SHUVRQZKRSXWVR൵WLOOWRPRUURZZKDWKHVKHFDQGRWRGD\BBB
$SHUVRQZKRZRUNVKDUGBBBB
$SHUVRQZKRLVDOZD\VKDSS\DQGPDNHVRWKHUVKDSS\BBBB
$SHUVRQZKRQHYHUOHWV\RXGRZQDQGVWD\VZLWK\RXBBBBB
$SHUVRQZKRXQGHUVWDQGVSHRSOH¶VSUREOHPVDQGKHOSVWKHPBBBBB
$SHUVRQZKRQHYHUWHOOVWKHWUXWKBBBBBBB
$SHUVRQZKRDOZD\VWULHVWREHIDLUBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
$SHUVRQZKRDOZD\VUHVSHFWVRWKHUSHRSOHBBBBB

8 IW. Write a paragraph on: “My Future Profession” (see task 3, page 18.)
using the words/ expressions given in the box.

I think, when I leave school, an independent life, I’d like to be,

I know that, it’s a great responsibility, that’s the reason,
but in my opinion, the most valuable, it’s important, etc.

6HOI$VVHVVPHQW /HYHO5HDFKHG
'HVFULSWLRQRI$FKLHYHPHQW ([FHOOHQW *RRG )DLU 3RRU
:ULWLQJ
I can:
‡make a list of goals/aims
‡create a Public Service Announcement
‡make up sentences using new word le
‡complete the table explaining my choice
‡guess the meaning of words and match them
with their denitions
21
 Lesson 3. Deeds, not Words!

What you’ll learn:

‡+RZDSHUVRQFDQDFKLHYHVXFFHVVZLWKZRUGVRUGHHGV
‡,ILWLVLPSRUWDQWWRLPSURYH\RXUVHOIFRQ¿GHQFH
‡:K\LWLVLPSRUWDQWWRGHYHORSFRQ¿GHQFHLQRQHVHOI
‡+RZDSHUVRQFDQRYHUFRPHFKDOOHQJHVGL൶ FXOWLHVKHVKHIDFHVZLWKLQOLIH
‡+RZDSHUVRQFDQEHVXFFHVVIXOLQOLIH
‡+RZDSHUVRQFDQEHRSWLPLVWLF

Word File
DEOHERGLHG>‫ޙ‬HܼEO‫ޖ‬E‫ܥ‬GLG@(adj) physically healthy, t, strong in contrast to
somebody who is weak or disabled
DPSXWDWH>‫ޖ‬ PSMXWHܼW@(v) cut o smb’s arm/leg/ or nger in a medical
operation
FDUU\RQ>‫ޖ‬N UL‫ܥ‬Q@(v) continue, conduct
FRQVFLHQFH>‫ޖ‬N‫ܥ‬Q‫ݕ‬ԥQV@(n) the fact of behaving in a way that you feel is right,
even though this may cause problems/believing your actions
to be fair, syn: honesty, inner voice, justice
GHWHUPLQH>Gܼ‫ޖ‬W‫ޝܮ‬PܼQ@(v) decide denitely to do smth
GLVJXLVH>GLV‫ܳޖ‬Dܼ]@(v) mask, cover, hide
HVVHQWLDO>ܼ‫ޖ‬VHQ‫ݕ‬O@(adj) necessary, very important
JRYHUQRU>‫ݞܳޖ‬YԥQԥ@(n) a person who is the ocial head of a country or region
that is politically controlled by another country
KDQGLFDSSHG>‫ޖ‬K QGLN SW@(adj) suering from a mental or physical disability
SROLR>‫ޖ‬Sԥ‫ݜ‬OLԥ‫(@ݜ‬n) illness
UHODWH>Uܼ‫ޖ‬OHܼW@(v) give an account of (a sequence of events); narrate.
connect, associate
UXQIRU>U‫ݞ‬QI‫ޝܧ‬U@(v) continue, extend
WHQGHU>‫ޖ‬WHQGԥU@(adj) kind/gentle and loving
WKULOOHG>șUܼOG@(adj) very excited and pleased
ZDQW>Z‫ܥ‬QW@(n)something that you need
ZLOO>ZܼO@(n) the ability to control your thoughts and actions in order to
achieve what you want to do; determination, purposefulness
(by) which a person decides on and initiates action

1 Listen and practise.

>ԥ@WHQGHUFXVWRPHUJRYHUQHUEDUULHU
>ܼ@WKULOOHGHVVHQWLDOFKDOOHQJHZLOO
>Hܼ@UHODWHDPSXWDWHDEOHERGLHGFDOFXODWH
> @FDUU\DPSXWDWHPDUULDJHKDQGLFDSSHG
>‫@ܥ‬ZDQWFRQVFLHQFHVKRWSORW
22
 Listening/Speaking

2 GW. Listen to the proverbs and sayings and express your attitude to
their content.

 Deeds, not words!

 A man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full of weeds.
 If a man does nothing but talk, he produces nothing of value.
 You can get it if you really want it!
 Never give up, you’ll nd a way!
 Trust your feelings!
 Always hope for a better future!

3 GW. Listen to teens’ ideas and share your opinions.

,OKDP=DNL\HYDQ$]HUEDLMDQLMXGRND ZLWKDQLPSDLUHGH\HVLJKW
VHUYHG RQ WKH IURQWOLQH RI WKH FRQÀLFW ]RQH 2Q  )HEUXDU\ WK RI
 KH ZDV ZRXQGHG E\ D EXOOHW RQ WKH KHDG E\ DQ $UPHQLDQ
VQLSHU DQG DV D UHVXOW ,OKDP FRPSOHWHO\ ORVW KLV H\HVLJKW$IWHU D
ORQJUHKDELOLWDWLRQKHUHWXUQHGWRWKHVSRUWEXWDVD3DUDO\PSLDQ
+HZRQDJROGPHGDOLQWKH$WKHQV3DUDO\PSLFVDQGWKH
%HLMLQJ 3DUDO\PSLFV LQ WKH  NJ GLYLVLRQ +H LV WKH KROGHU RI D
EODFNEHOW=DNL\HYKDVEHHQD(XURSHDQFKDPSLRQVL[WLPHVDQG
WKH:RUOGFKDPSLRQWZLFH

,Q VSLWH RI KHU GHDIQHVV
DQG EOLQGQHVV +HOHQ¶V
JUHDW ZLOO WXUQHG LQWR
JUHDW DFKLHYHPHQW +HOHQ
.HOOHU GHYRWHG KHUVHOI WR
UDLVLQJ WKH DZDUHQHVV RI
KDQGLFDSSHG SHRSOH
WKURXJKRXW WKH ZRUOG
6KH VDLG ´'RQ¶W WKLQN RI
WRGD\¶V IDLOXUHV WKLQN RI
WKHVXFFHVVWKDWPD\FRPH
WR\RXWRPRUURZ´
$V \RX NQRZ 6WHSKHQ
:LOWVKLUHKDVDUHPDUNDEOH
WDOHQW ,Q VSLWH RI KLV
DXWLVP KH KDV DQ
H[WUDRUGLQDU\ DELOLW\
+H FDQ FUHDWH DPD]LQJ
GUDZLQJV 6WHSKHQ LV
DQ H[WUHPHO\ SRSXODU
DUWLVW DQG SXEOLVKHG D
QXPEHU RI ERRNV RI KLV
GUDZLQJVDQGSDLQWLQJV
,¶G OLNH  WR WDON  DERXW
%HWKDQ\ +DPLOWRQ ZKR
LV RQH RI WKH JUHDWHVW
VXUIHUV HYHQ  WKRXJK VKH
ORVW KHU OHIW DUP :KLOH
VXU¿QJDVKDUNDWWDFNHGKHU
DQG WRUH R൵ KHU OHIW DUP
:KHQVKHOHIWWKHKRVSLWDO
VKH EHJDQ SUDFWLVLQJ KHU
VXU¿QJH[HUFLVHVDJDLQ

MXGRND±a judo player, a judo practitioner 23

 Listening/Speaking

4 GW. Listen and answer the questions giving explanation.

Ŷ What diuculties did F. Roosevelt and Natalie face in their lives?
Ŷ Is it important to develop self-condence? Why?

Is It Important to Develop Self-Condence in Oneself?

)UDQNOLQ 5RRVHYHOW ZDV D OXFN\ \RXQJ ER\ +H KDG
ZHDOWK\ SDUHQWV +H ZDV WDXJKW WKDW ZHDOWK\ SHRSOH VKRXOG
KHOS WKRVH ZKR ZHUH QRW OXFN\ :KHQ )UDQNOLQ JUHZ XS
KH GHFLGHG WR run for SXEOLF R൶ FH +H ZDV HOHFWHG WR
WKH 1HZ <RUN 6WDWH 6HQDWH $ IHZ \HDUV ODWHU 3UHVLGHQW
:LOVRQDVNHG)UDQNOLQWRFRPHWR:DVKLQJWRQDQGKHOSKLP
)UDQNOLQ¶VOLIHZDVYHU\VXFFHVVIXO2QHGD\)UDQNOLQZHQWRQ
DYDFDWLRQZLWKKLVZLIH(OHDQRU7KH\ZHQWVDLOLQJDQGVZLPPLQJ+HFDXJKWD
FROGDQGVRPHWLPHODWHU)UDQNOLQGLVFRYHUHGWKDWKHFRXOGQ¶WPRYHKLVOHJV+H
KDGSROLRDQGZRXOGQHYHUZDONDJDLQ(YHU\RQHWKRXJKW)UDQNOLQ¶VFDUHHUZDV
RYHU7KH\VDLGKHZRXOGQHYHUEHDEOHWRVWDQGXSDQGPDNHDVSHHFKDJDLQ
7KH\ ZHUH ZURQJ )UDQNOLQ 5RRVHYHOW did stand! +H ZRUNHG KDUG WR PDNH KLV
DUPVVWURQJHQRXJKWRVXSSRUWKLVZKROHERG\6RRQKHZDVHOHFWHG*RYHUQRURI
1HZ<RUN 7KHQ RQO\ HOHYHQ \HDUV DIWHU KH EHFDPH LOO 5RRVHYHOW ZDV HOHFWHG
3UHVLGHQWRIWKH86)UDQNOLQ'HODQR5RRVHYHOWZDVWKHQG3UHVLGHQWRIWKH86

1DWDOLGX7RLWWKH6RXWK$IULFDQVZLPPHUZDVRQO\
VHYHQWHHQZKHQVKHORVWKHUOHJLQDURDGDFFLGHQW
6KHZDVJRLQJWRDWUDLQLQJVHVVLRQRQKHUPRWRUELNH
ZKHQ D FDU KLW KHU +HU OHJ KDG WR EH  DPSXWDWHG
DWWKHNQHH%XW1DWDOLHZDVGHWHUPLQHGWRcarry
on6KHwent backLQWRWKHSRRORQO\WKUHHPRQWKV
DIWHU WKH DFFLGHQW $QG MXVW RQH \HDU ODWHU DW
WKH &RPPRQZHDOWK  *DPHV LQ 0DQFKHVWHU VKH VZDP  PHWUHV LQ  PLQXWHV
 VHFRQGV DQG TXDOL¿HG IRU WKH ¿QDO EXW QRW IRU GLVDEOHG VZLPPHUV IRU
DEOHERGLHG RQHV $OWKRXJK VKH GLGQ¶W ZLQ D PHGDO VKH  VWLOO PDGH KLVWRU\
³, UHPHPEHU KRZ WKULOOHG  , ZDV  WKH ¿UVW WLPH WKDW , VZDP DIWHU UHFRYHULQJ
IURPWKHRSHUDWLRQLWIHOWOLNHP\OHJZDVWKHUH,WVWLOOGRHV´VD\V1DWDOLH³The
water is the gift that gives me back my leg. I’m still the same person that I was
before the accident. I believe everything happens in life for a reason. You can’t go
back and change anything. Swimming is my life.”

5 PW. Explain the meaning of the words in bold and use them in your own
sentences.
24
 Reading

1 PW. Read the article with correct intonation and think of ways how
to be successful.
 7U\WREH6XFFHVVIXO
,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRNQRZZKDW\RXQHHGDQGZDQW$OO
KXPDQEHLQJVKDYHFHUWDLQneedsDQGwantsNeedsDUH
WKLQJVWKDWDUHHVVHQWLDO7KH\DUHSK\VLFDOHPRWLRQDO
PHQWDODQGVRFLDO<RXUQHHGVaect HYHU\GHFLVLRQ
WKDW\RXPDNH<RXKDYHWKUHHEDVLFSK\VLFDOQHHGV
food clothingDQGhome<RXUEDVLFHPRWLRQDOQHHGV
LQFOXGH D൵HFWLRQ VHFXULW\ DQG VDIHW\ LQGHSHQGHQFH
EHORQJLQJRUDFFHSWDQFHDQGDFKLHYHPHQW<RXUGHVLUHWROHDUQDQGH[SHULHQFHWKH
ZRUOGDURXQG\RXLVDPHQWDOQHHG6RFLDOO\\RXQHHGWRUHODWHWRRWKHUSHRSOH
LQFOXGLQJIDPLO\IULHQGVDQGDFTXDLQWDQFHV'R\RXWKLQNDOOSHRSOHIHHOWKHQHHG
IRUVRFLDOFRQWDFW"
WantsDUHWKLQJV\RXGHVLUHWRPDNHOLIHPRUHHQMR\DEOHDQGWKH\PD\EHUHODWHG
WR PDQ\ RI \RXU QHHGV ,W LV QHFHVVDU\ WR KDYH VHOIFRQ¿GHQFH LQ RUGHU WR IXO¿OO
ERWK\RXUSK\VLFDODQGPHQWDOQHHGV/HW¶VWKLQNRIGHFLVLRQVWKDWZLOOKHOS\RXWR
DFKLHYH\RXUJRDOV
 ,GHQWLI\WKHSUREOHP- You need to be able to state the problem-to put it into
words. It might be : “I am failing in Maths.”
  ([DPLQH \RXU FKRLFHV - There are usually several possible ways of dealing
with your problem. For instance; “I could get a tutor,” “I could study more,” or
“I could continue failing in mathematics.”
“Look closely at the good and bad sides of each available choice.”
  0DNH D FKRLFH - Dene your goals when you make a choice. For example,
“I am going to study more so that I can pass my next chemistry test.” “For many
problems, it helps to make a step-by -step plan. Be as specic as possible.”
$FWRQ\RXUGHFLVLRQ- Carry it out to the best of your ability. If you plan to study
chemistry or mathematics from 7.00 to 7.30 p.m. Sunday through Thursday nights
at the kitchen table, then do so.
 (YDOXDWH \RXU GHFLVLRQ  Did you achieve your goal of passing the science
test? Did you follow your plan? Was “studying more” the best choice for
solving your problem? Answering such questions as these will help you to make
good decisions in the future.

2 IW/PW. Find the equivalents of the following phrasal verbs in the article.
FDUU\RXW WXUQLQWR WRSXWLQWR FDUU\RQ
JREDFN UXQIRU WRJLYHXS
3 GW. Analyze the statements in the article and give comments.
‡KRZWRQDPH“a strong desire to be successful”LQRQHZRUG
‡KRZWRGHYHORS\RXULQGHSHQGHQWWKLQNLQJDQGLQGHSHQGHQFHRIFKDUDFWHU
‡KRZWRGHYHORSUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRU\RXURZQDFWLRQV
‡KRZWRXQGHUVWDQGWKHYDOXHRIKHOSDGYLFHDQGHQFRXUDJHPHQW
25
 Reading

4 GW. Read the information with correct intonation filling in the gaps
with appropriate words from the box.

DDUP\  EEUDYHU\ FSRSXODUGHTXDOO\

HOHJHQGDU\ I¿QDOO\ JGLVJXLVHKWKULOOHG
,EUDYH MWHQGHU

7KH%DOODGRI0XODQ

³7KH %DOODG RI 0XODQ´ LV D SRHP WKDW ZDV ZULWWHQ

LQ &KLQD LQ WKH WK FHQWXU\$' 7KH   VWRU\ LV DERXW D
JLUO QDPHG  0XODQ  DQG KHU OLIH  DV D VROGLHU LQ WKH DUP\
$FFRUGLQJWRWKHSRHPZKHQ0XODQZDVDWHHQDJHU&KLQD
ZDVLQYDGHGE\DDUP\IURPWKHQRUWK,PPHGLDWHO\
WKH (PSHURU RUGHUHG HYHU\ IDPLO\ WR VHQG WKHLU ROGHVW VRQ
WR MRLQ WKH   +RZHYHU 0XODQ¶V IDPLO\ GLGQ¶W KDYH D
VRQZKRZDVROGHQRXJKWR¿JKW7KLVPHDQWWKDW0XODQ¶V
IDWKHU KDG WR ¿JKW %XW 0XODQ NQHZ WKDW KHU IDWKHU
ZRXOGQ¶W VXUYLYH DV D VROGLHU 7KHUHIRUH 0XODQ PDGH WKH
GHFLVLRQWRKHUVHOIDVDPDQDQGMRLQWKH$UP\LQVWHDGRIKHUIDWKHU
0XODQIRXJKWIRUPRUHWKDQWHQ\HDUVDQGKHUDFWVRIEHFDPHZHOONQRZQ
WKURXJKRXWWKHDUP\+RZHYHUVKHGLGLWQRRQHHYHUUHDOLVHGVKHZDVDJLUO
:KHQWKHZDUZDVRYHUDQGWKHVROGLHUVUHWXUQHGWKHLUKRPHV0XODQWRRN
R൵ KHU VROGLHU¶V FORWKHV DQG SXW RQ D GUHVV 7KH VROGLHUV ZKR VDZ KHU ZHUH VR
  DQG VKRFNHG WR GLVFRYHU WKDW WKH   VROGLHU WKH\ NQHZ ZDV LQ IDFW D 
JLUO 7KH\ UHDOLVHG WKDW ZRPHQ FRXOG ¿JKW   DV ZHOO DV PHQ GXULQJ WKH
ZDU )RU PDQ\ FHQWXULHV KLVWRU\ KDV GHEDWHG ZKHWKHU 0XODQ UHDOO\ GLG H[LVW
6RWKHOHJHQGZDVVSUHDGWKURXJKRXWWKHZRUOG

5 PW/CW. Answer the questions on the passage above.

:KDW¶VWKHSRHP³7KH%DOODGRI0XODQ´DERXW"
:KRZDV0XODQLQUHDOLW\"
:K\GLGWKHJLUOGHFLGHWRMRLQWKHDUP\"
'LGDQ\ERG\UHDOL]HVKHZDVDJLUO"
+RZGLGWKHVROGLHUVGLVFRYHUWKDWWKHEUDYHVROGLHUZDVLQIDFWDJLUO"
:KDWZRXOG\RXGRLI\RXZHUH0XODQ"

6 GW. Say what you mean when you speak about one’s civic duty
looking through the information above. Use:
‡WRGHIHQGRQH¶VFRXQWU\‡WRORYHFRXQWU\
‡WROLYHLQSHDFH‡WRGHPRQVWUDWHEUDYHQHVV
‡WRDFWDFFRUGLQJWRRQH¶VFRQVFLHQFH‡WRUHVSHFWSHRSOH

26
 Writing

1 GW. Project. Write about the following statements and give your
comments. Follow the model.
Ŷ“Nowadays to nd heroes is not really easy. They are HVVHQWLDO
in the improvement of a society.”
ŶWho can be called a hero of our time?

Model:
8OYL %XQ\DG]DGH LV RQH RI WKH LQQRFHQW YLFWLPV RI %ODFN
-DQXDU\ZKRVDFUL¿FHGKLPVHOIIRUWKHIUHHGRPLQGHSHQGHQFH
DQG VRYHUHLJQLW\ RI RXU FRXQWU\ RQ -DQXDU\   +H ZDV
RQO\  ZKHQ KH ORVW KLV OLIH LQ WKH 6TXDUH 7KH\  VDFUL¿FHG
WKHPVHOYHVIRUWKHLQWHJULW\RIRXU0RWKHUODQG:HDUHSURXGRI
RXUQDWLRQDOKHURHVDQGPDUW\UV:HVKDOOQHYHUIRUJHW8OYLDQG
RWKHUPDUW\UVZKRGLHGLQWKHEDWWOHRI*DUDEDJK

2 IW. Write a description of today’s legend. You can write about a real
person or create an imaginary hero.

(YHU\FRXQWU\¶VKLVWRU\LVIXOORIOHJHQGDU\FKDUDFWHUVVXFKDV.RURJKOX
5RELQ+RRGRU.LQJ$UWKXU:KRDUHWRGD\¶VOHJHQGDU\KHURHV"

‡What about his/her character?________________________

‡What does he/she do?_______________________________
‡What is he/she famous for?___________________________

3 GW. Write the close and opposite meanings of the words.

Sample: brave = fearless

&ORVH WH
2SSRVL
YH VVIXO
EUD VXFFH
HU O
FOHY MR\IX LVWLF
Q\ SHVV
LP
IXQ LVWLF
S W LP O S I XO
R KH
H I XO
UXG IXO FDUH
VV ZRUNLQJ
VWUH O KDUG
IX HVV
KHOS KHOSO

4 IW. Write on/of a character from a book you’ve recently read and set
examples on: Whom you could call a strong personality and why.
27
 Assessment

1 Read the text with correct intonation and find out the meaning of the
words in bold.
³.RURJKOX´
³Koroghlu´ DQ RXWVWDQGLQJ KHURLFHSLF KROGV DQ
KRQRXUDEOH SODFH LQ $]HUEDLMDQ IRON ZULWLQJV
³Koroghlu´ ZDV FRPSRVHG LQ WKH WK FHQWXULHV
GXULQJWKHSRZHUIXOSHDVDQWPRYHPHQWLQ$]HUEDLMDQ
DQG 7XUNH\ ,Q WKH VHFRQG KDOI RI WKH VHYHQWHHQWK
FHQWXU\ .RURJKOX OHG RQH RI WKH PRYHPHQWV WKH
PRYHPHQW RI ³-DODOLOHU´ DJDLQVW IRUHLJQ LQYDGHUV
DQG ORFDO  IHXGDO ORUGV 7KH PDLQ KHUR RI WKH HSLF
³.RURJKOX´LV5RYVKDQ+LVIDWKHU$OLLVDVWDEOHPDQ
5RYVKDQLVEUDYHVWURQJDQGIHDUOHVV+HLVGHVFULEHG
DV WKH SHRSOHV¶ KHUR LQ WKH HSLF DQG EHFRPHV IDPRXV
DV .RURJKOX .RURJKOX¶V  QDPH  V\PEROL]HV IUHHGRP
DQG MXVWLFH .RURJKOX LV DQ H[FHOOHQW VZRUGVPDQ
DQG DW WKH VDPH WLPH KH FDQ SOD\ WKH VD] DQG VLQJ
VRQJV +LV VRQJV DUH WKH PDLQ WKHPH RI WKH HSLF
.RURJKOX¶V VD] VZRUG DQG VRQJV PDNHV KLP PRUH
SRZHUIXO +H V\PEROL]HV WKH ¿QHVW TXDOLWLHV RI WKH
SHRSOH KH LV IHDUOHVV LQ EDWWOH DQG WHQGHU LQ ORYH
.RURJKOX ORYHV KLV SHRSOH KH GRHVQ¶W ¿JKW IRU KLV
RZQ KDSSLQHVV KH ¿JKWV IRU WKH KDSSLQHVV DQG IXWXUH
RIKLVSHRSOH7KHHSLF¶VPDLQLGHDLVWKHVWUXJJOHIRU
IUHHGRP .RURJKOX¶V PDUFKHV DUH GHVFULEHG LQ
QDUUDWLRQ DQG HSLF HSLVRGHV EXW KLV WKRXJKWV DQG
HPRWLRQV DUH GHVFULEHG LQ O\ULFDO SRHPV ³Koroghlu´ LV SRSXODU DPRQJ 7XUNLVK
SHRSOHVDQGLW¶VIRXQGLQWKHZRUNVRIRWKHUQDWLRQDOJURXSV7XUNPHQ8]EHN7DMLN
HWF³7KHRIHSLFKoroghlu´ZDV¿UVWSXEOLVKHGLQ5XVVLDQLQDQGLQLWZDV
SXEOLVKHG LQ (QJOLVK LQ /RQGRQ /DWHU LW ZDV SXEOLVKHG LQ RWKHU SODFHV VXFK DV
7ELOLVL .D]DQ %XGDSHVW HWF ³Koroghlu´ ZDV SXEOLVKHG LQ %DNX LQ  DV D
VHSDUDWHERRN7KH$]HUEDLMDQLFRPSRVHU8]H\LU+DMLED\OLFUHDWHGKLVRSHUDEDVHG
RQ WKH WRSLF$]HUEDLMDQ ¿OP VWXGLR KDV PDGH D ¿OP ³Koroghlu´ DQG LW KDV ZRQ
JUHDWSRSXODULW\LQRXUFRXQWU\

2 Correct the wrong statements looking through the text.

.RURJKOXOHGDSHDVDQWPRYHPHQWDJDLQVWIRUHLJQLQYDGHUVLQWKH;9FHQWXU\
$OL¶VIDWKHU5RYVKDQZDVDVWDEOHPDQ
$OLLVGHVFULEHGDVWKHSHRSOH¶VKHURLQWKHHSLF
.RURJKOXIRXJKWIRUKDSSLQHVVDQGIUHHGRPRIKLVSHRSOH
³.RURJKOX´ZDVSXEOLVKHGLQ/RQGRQLQ
7KHPDLQLGHDRIWKHHSLFLVVWUXJJOHIRUSRSXODULW\
28
 Assessment

1 Listen and give your comments on the statements below:

,VKRXOGEHPRUHRSWLPLVWLF $YRLGVWUHVVDQGVWUHVVIXOHYHQWV
,VKRXOGZRUNKDUGHU 7U\QRWWREHSHVVLPLVWLF
/LIHLVIXOORIVWUHVV ,VKRXOGEHVXFFHVVIXO

VIX O "
VWUHV
?

VRFLDO ? KDSS\

RSWLPLVWLF
? "

2 Read and number the paragraphs in correct order to make up a text.

Find the correct variant.

%H2SWLPLVWLF*DLQ6XFFHVV

D  7KHVH GD\V , IHHO PXFK KDSSLHU :RUNLQJ DV  D

YROXQWHHUKDVPDGHPHIHHOPRUHXVHIXODQGVRFLDEOH
:HKHOSWKHDWKOHWHVWRSUHSDUHIRUWKHQH[WJDPHVDQG
, DLP WR JR WR WKH JDPHV ZLWK WKH WHDP DV D KHOSHU ,I
, KDGQ¶W VHHQ WKH SURJUDPPH ,¶G  QHYHU KDYH KDG WKH
RSSRUWXQLW\
E /DVW\HDUWKLQJVZHUHQRWJRRGIRUPH,¶GIDLOHGVRPHH[DPVDQG,KDGWRWDNH
WKHPDJDLQ,¶GDOVRKDGDELJDUJXPHQWZLWKP\EHVWIULHQGZKRZDVQ¶WWDONLQJWR
PH,ZDVIHGXSDQG,ZDVQ¶WLQWHUHVWHGLQDQ\WKLQJ)ULHQGVLQYLWHGPHRXWEXW
,GLGQ¶WUHDOO\ZDQWWRVHHWKHP,VSHQWDORWRIWLPHZDWFKLQJ'9'VLQP\URRP
F (YHU\WKLQJFKDQJHGIRUPHRQWKHGD\,VDZD79SURJUDPPHDERXWYROXQ
WHHULQJ ,W ZDV DERXW YROXQWHHUV ZRUNLQJ ZLWK DWKOHWHV ZKR ZHUH WUDLQLQJ IRU WKH
3DUDO\PSLF*DPHV%RWKWKHYROXQWHHUVDQGDWKOHWHVZHUHUHDOO\RSWLPLVWLFDQG
HQWKXVLDVWLF7KH\PDGHPHUHDOL]HWKDWP\SUREOHPVZHUHQ¶WDWDOOVHULRXVDQG
WKDW,VKRXOGEHDELWPRUHSRVLWLYH,IRXQGRXWWKDWYROXQWHHUVLQP\WRZQZHUH
ZRUNLQJZLWKD3DUDO\PSLFWHDPWRRVR,VWDUWHGWRJRWRPHHWLQJV
(By Kevin)
$EFD  %DFE &FDE  'FED

29
3 Answer the questions reading the text “Be Optimistic, Gain Success!”.
:KDWGLVFRXUDJHGWKHZULWHU"
:KLFKSDUDJUDSKGHVFULEHVKRZWKHZULWHU¶VOLIHFKDQJHG"
:KDWHYHQWFKDQJHGWKHZULWHU¶VOLIH"
+RZGLGYROXQWHHULQJFKDQJHWKHZULWHU¶VDWWLWXGHWROLIH"
:KLFKSDUDJUDSKGHVFULEHVWKHZULWHU¶VIHHOLQJ"
:KDWGR\RXWKLQNDERXWWKLVSDUDJUDSK"

4 Follow the steps in the writing guide and make a story with the title
“Be Optimistic, Gain Success!”

Writing Guide
Brainstorm and Plan
7KLQJVZHUHQ¶WJRLQJZHOOIRU\RX:K\"
7KLQJVFKDQJHGVXGGHQO\IRU\RX:KHUHZHUH\RXDQGZKDWZHUH
\RXGRLQJ"
:KDWGLG\RXVWDUWWRGRDQGZK\GLG\RXOLNHLW"
+RZGLG\RXEHFRPHKDSSLHU"
+RZGR\RXIHHOQRZ":K\"
Write:
3DUDJUDSKIn the beginning . . .
Last year . . .

3DUDJUDSKHow things changed .

Everything changed for me the day I ...

3DUDJUDSKMy life now. These days, I feel... .

Check:
‡phrases for opinions ‡adjectives and adverbs 
‡word le‡synonyms and antonyms

Self-Assessment
I can ... Samples
JLYHFRPPHQWVRQVWDWHPHQWV
QXPEHUSDUDJUDSKVLQFRUUHFWRUGHU
FKRRVHWKHFRUUHFWDQVZHU
:KDWGLVFRXUDJHGWKHZULWHU?
DQVZHUTXHVWLRQVRQWKHWRSLF
- I think….
PDNHDVWRU\ZLWKWKHWLWOH
Be Optimistic, Gain Success!
analize statements and give comments
nd the equivalents of the phrasal verbs

30
 Lesson 4. Honesty is the Best Policy!

What you’ll learn:

‡:KDWWKHSURYHUE³+RQHVW\LVWKHEHVWSROLF\´PHDQV
‡:K\KRQHVW\LVWKHEHVWSROLF\
‡+RZKRQHVW\EXLOGVVWURQJUHODWLRQVKLSV
‡:KDWKRQHVW\FDQJLYHSHRSOH

Word File
FKDQJH>W‫ݕ‬HܼQG‫(@ݤ‬n)money that you get back when you have paid for smth
giving more money than the amount it costs.
FKHDW>W‫ݕ‬L‫ޝ‬W@(v) trick or deceive smb, especially when they trust you
GUHDGIXO>GUHGIXO@(adj) very bad or unpleasant
IXVV>I‫ݞ‬V@(n) unnecessary excitement/worry or activity
JHWLQWRWURXEOH>‫ޖ‬JHWܼQWԥWU‫ݞ‬EO@ (v) meet diculties, have a misfortune,
come to grief
JUDFHIXO>‫ܳޖ‬UHܼVIXO@(adj) moving in a controlled , attractive form opp. graceless
LQWHUUXSW>‫ܼޙ‬QWԥ‫ޖ‬UԥSW@ (v)stop the continuous progress, break the continuity,
syn:break(up), cut in(on)
ODQWHUQ>‫ޖ‬O QWԥQ@Qa lamp with a transparent case protecting the ame or elec-
tric bulb, and typically having a handle by which it can be carried or hung
PHDVOHV>‫ޖ‬PL‫]ޝ‬O]@(n) an infectious disease causing small red spots cover the
whole body (especially in childhood)
PLQH>PDܼQ@(n) an excavation in the earth for extracting coal or other minerals
PL[>PܼNV@(v) prepare smth by combining two or more dierent substances
SHUVXDGH>Sԥ‫ޖ‬VZHܼG@(v) make sb believe; syn. convince, urge
UHO\RQXSRQVPEVPWK>Uܼ‫ޖ‬ODܼ@(v) need or be dependent on smb/smth
VLPSOLFLW\>VLP‫ޖ‬SOܼVܼWܼ@Qthe quality or condition of being easy to understand or
use; syn: clarity, clearness.

1 IW. Listen and write the words from the box in the right columns and
practise.
PL[      EXV     GUHDGIXO     FKHDW   WURXEOH    JUDFHIXO    VLPSOLFLW\
SHUVXDGH        UHO\       FKDQJH      KRQHVW\      SHRSOH   SROLF\
ÀRRGEXLOGUHODWLRQVKLSSULGHPHDQLQJIXO

>L‫@ޝ‬ >ܼ@ >Dܼ@

‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡
‡ >H@ ‡ >‫@ݞ‬ ‡ >Hܼ@
‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡
31
 Listening/Speaking
2 GW/PW. Listen to the story and predict the end.
Sample:Once there lived a milkman who sold milk in the town. He had to cross the
river to reach the city. One day the milkman made his mind to mix water
from the river into the milk. He wanted to earn more money and he did so
4XHVWLRQV
‡Was the milkman right or wrong? Why?
‡What’s your advice to him?
$QVZHUV
A: As the milkman had to earn much money to keep his family, he had to do so.
I think he was right.
B:So do I
C: But I think the milkman wasn’t an honest person.
D: Oh, you are right. And I don’t think the milkman is honest, either.
E: Neither do I. He is a dishonest person.
3 GW/PW. Debate. Listen to the survey Right or Wrong? and exchange
opinions about the situations sharing your ideas.

RightRUWrong"
7RPZDVEX\LQJDFRPSXWHUJDPHLQD 0LNH¶V PRWKHU DVNHG KLP WR WLG\ KLV
VXSHUPDUNHW7KHVKRSDVVLVVWDQWPDGHD URRP EXW KH GLGQ¶W GR LW :KHQ VKH
PLVWDNHDQGJDYHKLPWRRPXFKFKDQJH DVNHG  KLP ODWHU KH OLHG DQG VDLG WKDW
7RPGLGQ¶WVD\DQ\WKLQJEXWODWHUKHIHOW KH¶GGRQHLWEHFDXVHKHGLGQ¶WZDQWWR
WKDW KH KDG GRQH VRPHWKLQJ ZURQJ DQG DUJXHZLWKKHU7KHQKHGHFLGHGWRWLG\
KHJDYHWKHPRQH\WRFKDULW\ KLVURRP

,WZDV$\OLQ¶VELUWKGD\$VVKHZDVDOLWWOHVK\VKHGLGQ¶WZDQWWRKDYHDSDUW\
RUPDNHDQ\IXVV$\OLQWROGKHUEURWKHUQRWWRVD\DQ\WKLQJDERXWKHUELUWKGD\
DQGKHSURPLVHGWRNHHSTXLHWDERXWLW%XWKHFRXOGQ¶WNHHSKLVSURPLVHDQG
WROGVRPHRIKLVVLVWHU¶VIULHQGVDERXW$\OLQ¶VELUWKGD\

GRAMMAR POINT
6RGR,1HLWKHUGR,
$,¶PYHU\JRRGDW(QJOLVK $,¶PQRWYHU\JRRGDWJDPHV
%6RDP, %1HLWKHUDP,
$+HDOZD\VWHOOVWKHWUXWK $,GRQ¶WOLNHWRWHOODOLH
%6RGR, %1HLWKHUGR,
$,FDQULGHDELF\FOH $6KHFDQ¶WNHHSKHUSURPLVH
%6RFDQ, %1HLWKHUFDQKH
$6KHJDYHVRPHPRQH\WRFKDULW\ $7KH\GLGQ¶WJRWRWKHSDUW\
%6RGLG, %1HLWKHUGLGZH

32
4 PW. Complete the phrases with make or do looking through
“Compare and Remember” box.
BBBBBBDVXUYH\BBBBBB\RXUEHVWBBBBBBDGL൵HUHQFH
BBBBBBWKHULJKWWKLQJBBBBBBH[FXVHVBBBBBBKRPHZRUN
BBBBBBDOLVWBBBBBBDFRXUVHBBBBBBDQRLVH
BBBBBDSKRQHFDOOBBBBBDIDYRXUBBBBBDQH[DP

COMPARE AND REMEMBER!

H[HUFLVHV
DFRXUVH
VKRSSLQJ KRXVHZRUN
JDUGHQLQJ KRPHZRUN

\RXUKDLU
ZDVKLQJXS '2 ZRUNEXVLQHVV

ODXQGU\ FURVVZRUG
WKHGLVKHV DIDYRXU
JRRG
GDPDJH
RQH¶VEHVW

PRQH\
IXVV
DGUHVV H[FXVH DFKRLFH
DSDLQWLQJ DGHFLVLRQ
DOLVW GL൵HUHQFH

DVRXQG
DSURPLVH
QRLVH
DFRPPHQW 0$.( DQH൵RUW
DPLVWDNH
DMRNH

\RXUEHG EUHDNIDVW
DPHVV OXQFK
IULHQGV DSODQ GLQQHU
DFXSRIWHD
IRRG

33
 Reading
1 GW. A) Read and match the titles with the paragraphs.
a. Hurting Someone’s Feelings c. Downloading Music
b. Cheating in an Exam d. Keeping Money That isn’t Ours

Surprise, surprise, we aren’t all perfect! A popular magazine recently

published a survey about honesty. Virtually everyone who did the survey
admitted that they had dishonest point in their lives. But people had very dierent
ideas about what was acceptable in dierent situations.
One classic test of honesty is: ZKHQZH¶UHJLYHQWRRPXFKFKDQJHLQDVKRSIn
the survey, 67 % of people said that they would return the money, but others said that
the answer depended on the shop assisstant and also on the type or style of the shop.
Some said, for example, that they would return the money to a small shop, but not
to a supermarket, unless the assisstant had been very kind.

BB7KH\WKRXJKWWKDWLWZRXOGQ¶WPDNHDGL൵HUHQFHWRDELJFRPSDQ\7KHUHZDV
DVLPLODUDWWLWXGHWRZDUGVVRIWZDUHDQGPXVLFRIWKHSHRSOHLQWKHVXUYH\VDLG
WKDWWKH\KDGDOUHDG\GRZQORDGHGVRIWZDUHRUPXVLFLOOHJDOO\7KH\VDLGWKDWWKLV
ZDV2.EHFDXVHWKHFRPSDQLHVZKLFKVHOOWKHVRIWZDUHRUPXVLFKDYHDOUHDG\JRW
HQRXJKPRQH\
BBB,WVHHPVWKDWZHPDNHH[FXVHVIRURXUGLVKRQHVW\VRWKDWZHGRQ¶WIHHOWRR
JXLOW\:HDOVRSHUVXDGHRXUVHOYHVWKDWLW¶V2.WROLHDQGZHWHOO³ZKLWHOLHV´ZKHQ
ZHGRQ¶WZDQWWRKXUWSHRSOH¶VIHHOLQJV
BBB 6R LI DQ\RQH DVNV ³+RZ GR , ORRN"´ DQG LQ FDVH LI KHVKH ORRNV WHUULEOH
ZKDWFDQZHVD\",QWKDWW\SHRIVLWXDWLRQLW¶VRIWHQNLQGHUWREHGLVKRQHVW0RVW
SHRSOH VDLG WKDW WKH\ FRXOGQ¶W WHOO  WKH WUXWK7KH\¶G  VD\ WKDW WKH SHUVRQ  ORRNHG
JRRG2ULI\RXVHH\RXUIULHQG¶VSDUWQHUZLWKVRPHRQHHOVHGR\RXWHOO\RXUIULHQG"
7KHVXUYH\VKRZHGYHU\GL൵HUHQWUHVXOWVIRU\RXQJHUDQGROGHUSHRSOHRI
\RXQJSHRSOHVDLGWKDWWKH\ZRXOGWHOOWKHIULHQGZKLOHRQO\RISHRSOHRYHU
¿IW\VDLGWKHVDPHWKLQJ
BBB7KHDQVZHULVQ¶WFOHDU
2EYLRXVO\ZHVKRXOGDOOGRRXUEHVWWREHKRQHVWEXWWKHVXUYH\VKRZHGWKDWZH
GRQ¶WDOZD\VGRWKHULJKWWKLQJ8QIRUWXQDWHO\IRUDORWRISHRSOHZKDW¶VULJKWRU
ZURQJLVQ¶WDOZD\VEODFNDQGZKLWH
B) Analyze the facts and events in the situations above.

    
C) Make comments on the following statements.
‡3HRSOHPDNHH[FXVHVIRUWKHLUGLVKRQHVW\QRWWRIHHOWRRJXLOW\
‡0RVWSHRSOHFDQ¶WWHOOWKHWUXWK
‡3HRSOHVKRXOGDOOGRWKHLUEHVWWREHKRQHVWEXWZHGRQ¶WDOZD\VGRWKHULJKWWKLQJ
‡)RUDORWRISHRSOHZKDW¶VULJKWRUZURQJLVQ¶WDOZD\VEODFNDQGZKLWH

34
 Writing

1 PW. Complete gaps 1-4 with sentences a-e. There is one extra
sentence that you do not need (see task 1, page 34).
D$UHROGHUSHRSOHPRUHWKRXJKWIXO"
E7HOOLQJWKHWUXWKLQVRPHVLWXDWLRQVLVFRQVLGHUHGWREHUXGH
F,QWKHVDPHZD\PRVWSHRSOHWKRXJKWWKDWLWZDV2.WREX\FRSLHG'9'V"
G)RU\RXQJSHRSOHLWGHSHQGVRQWKHW\SHRUVW\OHRIDVKRS
H7KH\VDLGWKDWLWZDVDFFHSWDEOHWRWDNHPRQH\IURPDVXSHUPDUNHWEHFDXVH
WKH\ZHUHULFK

Build up Your Vocabulary/ Activate Your Speech

2 PW. Complete the sentences with the correct form of make or do.
+DYH\RXBBBWKHZDVKLQJXS\HW"
,¶PJRLQJWRBBBDVDQGZLFKLQDPLQXWH
:KDWGR\RXZDQWWRBBB"
,KDYHQ¶WBBBDQ\SODQVIRUWKHVXPPHU
<RXVKRXOGBBDKDELWRIGRLQJH[HUFLVHHYHU\GD\
&DQ\RXBBBPHDIDYRXUSOHDVH"

3 IW/PW. Choose one of the questions and write a paragraph answering it.
Use the given words and expressions.
VHOIFRQ¿GHQWWRWHOOWKHWUXWKGLVKRQHVWWRFKHDW
JHQHURXVWKHEHVWSROLF\JUDFHIXOKRQHVW
WRGRRQH¶VEHVWWRWHOODOLHGUHDGIXOVLQFHUH
,I\RXZHUHJLYHQWRRPXFKFKDQJHLQDVXSHUPDUNHWZKDWZRXOG\RXGR"
:KHQGLG\RXODVWWHOODZKLWHOLH"
,VLWDOZD\VSRVVLEOHWREHKRQHVW":K\:K\QRW"
'R\RXWKLQNPRVWSHRSOHDUHKRQHVW"
,VLWDJRRGKDELWWKLQJWROLHWRWHOODOLH":K\":K\QRW"

4 IW. Write a paragraph on the proverbs/quotes looking through the

model: Honesty is the best policy!
Honesty Builds Strong Relationships!

Model:
Honesty Gives You Mental Peace!
I think that dishonest people can’t get a second chance when they do bad
things or when they lie. Because people won’t rely on them any more.
Truth always comes out and one can get into trouble if he is not honest.
I think without honesty the world can be a dreadful place to live on.
That’s why we should always tell the truth. Honest people are graceful,
self-condent, sincere, kind and generous.

35
 Assessment

1 Read the extract with correct intonation and answer the questions.
7KH6FKRRO7HDFKHU
   (by A. Cronin)
7KUHHPRQWKVSDVVHG/LWWOHE\OLWWOH$QGUHZJRW
XVHGWRWKLVVWUDQJHWRZQVXUURXQGHGE\WKHPRXQ
WDLQV DQG WR WKH SHRSOH PRVW RI ZKRP  ZRUNHG LQ
WKH PLQHV 7KH WRZQ ZDV IXOO RI PLQHV IDFWRULHV
FKXUFKHV DQG VPDOO GLUW\  ROG KRXVHV 7KHUH ZDV
QRWKHDWUHQRWHYHQDFLQHPDWKHZRUNHUVFRXOGJR
WR DIWHU  ZRUN %XW$QGUHZ OLNHG WKH SHRSOH7KH\
VSRNH OLWWOH DQG ZRUNHG PXFK7KH\ OLNHG IRRWEDOO
WKH\ ZHUH IRQG RI PXVLFJRRG FODVVLFDO PXVLF +H
RIWHQKHDUGWKHVRXQGRIDSLDQRFRPLQJIURPWKLV
RUWKDWKRXVH
,WZDVFOHDUWR$QGUHZQRZWKDW'RFWRU3DJHZRXOG
QHYHUVHHDSDWLHQWDJDLQ0DQVRQGLGDOOWKHZRUN
DQG0UV3DJHUHFHLYHGDOOWKHPRQH\6KHSDLGRXWWR0DQVRQOHVVWKDQRQHVL[WK
RIWKDWWZHQW\SRXQGVDQGVL[WHHQVKLOOLQJVDPRQWK$OPRVWDOORILW$QGUHZVHQW
WRWKH8QLYHUVLW\WRSD\KLVGHEW%XWDWWKDWWLPHWKHTXHVWLRQRIPRQH\ZDVQRW
LPSRUWDQWIRUKLP+HKDGDIHZVKLOOLQJVLQKLVSRFNHWWREX\FLJDUHWWHVDQGKH
KDGKLVZRUNDQGWKDWZDVPRUHWKDQHQRXJKIRUKLP+HKDGWRZRUNKDUGDVKH
WKRXJKWWKDWWKHSURIHVVRUVDWKLV8QLYHUVLW\KDGJLYHQKLPOLWWOHSUDFWLFDOPHGLFLQH
+HWKRXJKWDERXWDOOWKDWZDONLQJLQWKHGLUHFWLRQRI5LVNLQ6WUHHW7KHUHLQ1XPEHU
KHIRXQGDVPDOOER\RIQLQH\HDUVRIDJHLOOZLWKPHDVOHV
³,DPVRUU\0UV+RZHOOV´$QGUHZVDLGWRWKHER\¶VPRWKHU³,GULVPXVWQ¶WDWWHQG
VFKRRO´,GULVZDV0UV+RZHOOV¶RWKHUVRQ
³%XW0LVV%DUORZVD\VKHPD\FRPHWRVFKRRO´
±³2K":KRLV0LVV%DUORZ"
±³6KHLVDWHDFKHU´
± ³0LVV %DUORZ KDV QR ULJKW WR OHW KLP FRPH WR VFKRRO ZKHQ KLV EURWKHU KDV
PHDVOHV´ $QGUHZ VDLG  DQJULO\ )LYH PLQXWHV ODWHU KH HQWHUHG WKH FODVVURRP
$YHU\\RXQJZRPDQRIDERXWWZHQW\RUWZHQW\WZRZDVZULWLQJVRPHWKLQJRQWKH
EODFNERDUG6KHWXUQHGWRKLP
³$UH\RX0LVV%DUORZ"´
±³<HV´+HUODUJHEURZQH\HVZHUHORRNLQJDWKLPIULHQGO\³$UH\RX'RFWRU3DJH¶V
QHZDVVLVWDQW"´
$QGUHZ UHGGHQHG  VXGGHQO\´ <HV´ KH VDLG ³,¶P 'RFWRU 0DQVRQ <RX NQRZ
,GULV¶VEURWKHUKDVPHDVOHVDQGVR,GULVPXVWQRWEHKHUH´
³<HV,NQRZEXWWKHIDPLO\LVVRSRRUDQG0UV+RZHOOVLVVREXV\,I,GULVVWD\VDW
KRPHKHZRQ¶WJHWKLVFXSRIPLON$QG'RFWRU0DQVRQPRVWRIWKHFKLOGUHQKHUH
KDYHDOUHDG\KDGPHDVOHV´

36 *redden [redn] (v) make or become red, turn red

 ³$QGZKDWDERXWWKHRWKHUV"<RXPXVWVHQGWKDWER\KRPHDWRQFH´
±³:HOO'RFWRU´VKHLQWHUUXSWHGKLPVXGGHQO\´'RQ¶W\RXXQGHUVWDQGWKDW,¶P
WKHWHDFKHURIWKLVFODVVDQGKHUHLW¶VP\ZRUGWKDWFRXQWV"´
³<RXFDQ¶WKDYHKLPKHUH0LVV%DUORZ,I\RXGRQ¶WVHQGKLPKRPHDWRQFH,¶OO
KDYHWRUHSRUW\RX´
³7KHQUHSRUWPHRUKDYHPHDUUHVWHGLI\RXOLNH´6KHTXLFNO\WXUQHGWRWKHFODVV
³6WDQGXSFKLOGUHQDQGVD\*RRGE\H'RFWRU0DQVRQ7KDQN\RXIRUFRPLQJ´
%HIRUH$QGUHZFRXOGVD\DZRUGWKHGRRUFORVHGTXLHWO\LQKLVIDFH
 What was the town surrounded by?
 Why did Andrew like the town?
 Who got all the money? And why?
 Did Andrew have enough knowledge about practical medicine?
Why do you think so?
Why weren’t the students who had measles allowed to attend classes?
. How can you appreciate Miss Barlow¶s and Dr. Manson¶s attitude to Idris?
Why did Miss Barlow try to support Idris?

2 Find out the meaning of the new words and build up sentences.

3 Find True/ False sentences. T F

7KHFLW\ZDVIXOORIPRGHUQR൶ FHVODUJHEXLOGLQJVDQGJUHHQSDUNV
$OORIWKHPRQH\ZDVVHQWWR8QLYHUVLW\WRSD\$QGUHZ¶VGHEW
$QGUHZGLGQ¶WKDYHWRZRUNKDUGDVKHKDGDORWRIH[SHULHQFHLQKLVMRE
,GULVDQGKLVEURWKHUKDGPHDVOHV
'RFWRU0DQVRQGLGQ¶WDOORZ,GULVWRDWWHQGFODVVHV
7KHWHDFKHUDQGWKHVWXGHQWVPDGH'RFWRU0DQVRQOHDYHWKHFODVVURRP
0LVV%DUORZGLGQ¶WDJUHHWRVHQG,GULVKRPH
$OOVWXGHQWVVWRRGXSDQGVDLG³*RRGE\H´WR'RFWRU0DQVRQ

4 Project. Debate on good and bad traits or sides of a personality/

professions.

Self-Assessment YES NO
Activites I can... I can’t...
‡understand the meaning of new words
‡read the extract with correct intonation
‡answer questions on the topic
‡nd True/Talse sentences
‡nd out the meaning of the new words and build
up sentences
37
 Lesson 5. Poor or Rich!?

What you’ll learn:

‡:KDWPDNHVSHRSOHULFK
‡+RZSHRSOHFDQJHWULGRISRYHUW\
‡:KDWSHRSOHQHHGWROLYHEHWWHU
‡:KDWWKHTXRWH“You can give a man a sh and feed him for a day,
but only by teaching him how to sh you can feed him for lifelong” means

Word File
FROODWHUDO>Nԥ‫ޖ‬O WԥUԥO@(n) property or valuable item that can be claimed by
bank; guaranty, insurance
GHQ\>Gܼ‫ޖ‬QDܼ@(v) refuse to give or grant smth requested or desired to someone
syn: disclaim, contradict, refuse, reject
GLVEXUVH>GܼV‫ޖ‬E‫ޝܮ‬V@(v) pay out money, especially from a fund collected for a
purpose
HPSRZHUPHQW>ܼP‫ޖ‬SD‫ݜ‬ԥPԥQW@(n) authorization, giving someone the power
H[SDQG>ܼN‫ޖ‬VS QG@(v) become greater in size, broaden, make or become wider
ÀRRG>À‫ݞ‬G@(v) cover a place or an area with water; overow
LQWHUHVWIUHH>‫ܼޖ‬QWUԥVW‫ޖ‬IUL‫(@ޝ‬adj) with no interest charged on money
(repay the money) that has been borrowed
MXWH >G‫ݤ‬X‫ޝ‬W@(n) bres (thin threads) from the stems of a tropical plant, also called
jute, used for making rope and rough cloth 
ORDQ>Oԥ‫ݜ‬Q@(n) an amount of money that an organization or a bank lends
QHZVSULQW>‫ޖ‬QMX‫]ޝ‬SUܼQW@(n) paper for newspapers
VHWRXW>VHWDXW@ (v) start, lay out, make one’s way, direct one’s steps,
pick one’s way
VKDFN>‫ݕ‬ N@Qa roughly built hut or log cabin. syn: hut, chantey, cabin, shed
VKHG>‫ݕ‬HG@ (n) a small building usually built of wood used for keeping things in
VKHGWHDUV>‫ݕ‬HGWܼԥ]@ (v) cry, weep
WKULYH>șUDܼY@(v) grow or develop well or vigorously. syn: prosper, blow

38
 Listening/Speaking

1 CW/GW. Listen to the story and say the moral of it.

,W¶VQRWDERXWPRQH\WKDWPDNHVXVULFKLW¶VDERXWVLPSOLFLW\RIKDYLQJ*RGLQRXU
OLYHV2QHGD\DULFKGDGWRRNKLVVRQRQDWULSWRWKHYLOODJH+HZDQWHGWRVKRZKLP
KRZSRRUVRPHRQHFDQEH7KH\VSHQWWLPHRQWKHIDUPRIDSRRUIDPLO\
'DGDVNHG³'LG\RXVHHKRZSRRUWKH\ZHUH":KDWGLG\RXOHDUQ"´6RQVDLG³:H
KDYHRQHGRJWKH\KDYHIRXU:HKDYHDSRROWKH\KDYHULYHUV:HKDYHODQWHUQVDW
QLJKWWKH\KDYHVWDUV:HEX\IRRGWKH\JURZLW:HKDYHZDOOVWRSURWHFWXVWKH\
KDYHIULHQGV´7KHQKHQRGGHG³7KDQNV'DGIRUVKRZLQJPHKRZSRRUZHDUH´

2 GW. Debate. Listen to the quotes and the passage. Express your opinions
and give main reasons why people work hard.
 Money brings people happiness.  Money doesn’t always bring happiness.
 Money makes people rich.  Money is power.
 Money isn’t the main thing in life.  Money is the root of life.

$OWKRXJK SHRSOH ZRUN WR HDUQ PRQH\ PRQH\ LV QRW WKH PDLQ UHDVRQ SHRSOH
VWD\LQWKHLUMREV0DQ\SHRSOHHQMR\ZRUNLQJEHFDXVHWKH\OLNHEHLQJZLWKRWKHU
SHRSOH7KH\ OLNH WR KHOS RWKHU SHRSOH VROYH SUREOHPV RU JHW D SURGXFW 3HRSOH
ZRUNEHFDXVH

‡LWKHOSVWKHPWRPDNHIULHQGV
‡LWJLYHVWKHPDVHQVHRIDFFRPSOLVKPHQW
‡LWJLYHVWKHPWKHRSSRUWXQLW\WREHZLWKRWKHUSHRSOHWRFRQWULEXWHWRVRFLHW\

3HRSOHZRUNEHFDXVHWKH\ZDQW
‡to be well-paid to keep their family ‡to live a better life
‡to be respected and trusted ‡to have responsibility
‡to earn living, to cover all their demands ‡to have opportunities to learn

39
 Listening/Speaking

3 GW. Problem Solving. Listen to the problems and try to find the ways
making the best solutions.

3UREOHP
$EOLQGEHJJDUhas been holdingRXWKHUKDQGIRUPRQH\IRUPDQ\\HDUV6KH
OLYHVLQDFLW\ZKHUHWKHUHDUHPDQ\XQHPSOR\HGSHRSOH:KDWFDQEHGRQHWRKHOS
KHU"
3RVVLEOH6ROXWLRQV


The best Solution:

Our group thinks the best way to help her...

3UREOHP
+DOLPDOLYHVLQDSRRUYLOODJHDQGVKHhas been workingRQWKHIDUPIRUWHQ
\HDUV$QGVKHZDQWVWRVWDUWDEXVLQHVV,IVKHFDQEX\DPRELOHSKRQHWKHQ
HYHU\RQHLQKHUYLOODJHZLOOSD\KHUDIHHZKHQWKH\QHHGWRXVHWKHSKRQH6KH
ZDQWVWRERUURZPRQH\DQGEX\DSKRQH%XWWKHORFDOEDQNKDVUHIXVHGWRJLYH
KHUDQ\FUHGLWEHFDXVHVKHKDVQRWKLQJWRJXDUDQWHHIRUDEDQNORDQ:KDWFDQ
EHGRQHWRKHOSKHU"
3RVVLEOH6ROXWLRQV


The best Solution:

We think that the best way to help her would be to...

3UREOHP
6RSKLD ZDQWV WR VHOO VDQGZLFKHV DQG IUHVK EUHDG WR SHRSOH ZRUNLQJ LQ
R൶FHV6KHhas been workingLQDEDNHU\IRU¿YH\HDUVVDYLQJPRQH\WRIHHGKHU
WKUHHFKLOGUHQDQGGLVDEOHGKXVEDQG%XWWKHPRQH\WKDWVKHHDUQVLVQ¶WHQRXJKWR
NHHSKHUIDPLO\6RSKLDNQRZVKRZWRPDNHTXDOLW\SURGXFWVEXWVKHQHHGVPRUH
PRQH\WREX\HTXLSPHQWDQGLQJUHGLHQWV6KHGRHVQ
WNQRZDQ\WKLQJDERXWUXQQLQJD
EXVLQHVV DQGNHHSLQJDFFRXQWVHWF:KDWFDQEHGRQHWRKHOSKHU"
3RVVLEOH6ROXWLRQV


The best Solution:

Our group thinks the best way to help her would be to ...

40 *running business [rnbzns] manage business or a job; to carry out or do a job

 GRAMMAR POINT
7KH3UHVHQW3HUIHFW&RQWLQXRXV7HQVH)RUP
,\RXZHWKH\KDYH EHHQ9HUELQJ
 }
KHVKHLWKDV

3RVLWLYH $GYHUEVRI7LPH
• I have been learning English for 2 years. for 2 years
• You have been reading for two hours. for two weeks
• She has been cleaning her room for an hour. for ages
• We have been watching this lm since afternoon. since Monday
,QWHUURJDWLYH4XHVWLRQ
• Have I (you) been learning English for 2 years? Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.
• Has he been working in this school since 2007? Yes, he has./No, he hasn’t.
• Has she been cleaning the room for an hour? Yes, she has./No, she hasn’t.
1HJDWLYH
• I have not /haven’t been learning English for 2 years.
• You have not/haven’t been reading for two hours.
• She has not/hasn’t been working in this school since 2007.

4 CW/IW. Read the samples and practise. Pay attention to Grammar Point.
• They have been running in the park since morning. (Positive)
• Have they been running in the park since morning? (Question)
• Yes, they have. They have been running in the park since morning.
0\VLVWHUKDVEHHQZDWFKLQJ79forWZRKRXUV(Positive)

+DV\RXUVLVWHUEHHQZDWFKLQJ79forWZRKRXUV"(Question)

<HVVKHKDV6KHKDVEHHQZDWFKLQJ79forWZRKRXUV
1RVKHKDVQ¶W6KHKDVQ¶WEHHQZDWFKLQJ79forWZRKRXUV(Negative)

5 IW/PW. Open the brackets and use the verbs in correct tense form.
7KHSHRSOHWRWU\WRVROYHWKHSUREOHPIRUD\HDU
.KDGLMDWRZDWFK79IRUWZRKRXUV
(OQXU¶VDXQWWRWHDFKFKLOGUHQDWVFKRROIRU\HDUV
0\IDWKHUWRZRUNIRUWKLVFRPSDQ\VLQFH
$\GDQ¶VIULHQGWROLYHLQ,WDO\IRUWHQ\HDUV
7KH\WRSODQWWUHHVLQWKHJDUGHQVLQFHPRUQLQJ
$\JXOWRVHOOVDQGZLFKHVLQDEDNHU\IRUWZR\HDUV
,VPD\LOWRSOD\YROOH\EDOOVLQFHVKHZDV
41
 Listening/Speaking

6 GW. Listen and fill the blanks with the words from the box.

DULFHEDJULFXOWXUDOFKRWG,QGLD
H'KDNDIGU\JDWKLUGK
LÀRRGMFRXQWU\VLGHNKLJKO,VODP

(A short text with some facts about a country of Bangladesh)
%DQJODGHVK LV VLWXDWHG EHWZHHQ   DQG 0\DQPDU %DQJODGHVK KDV D
SRSXODWLRQRIDURXQGDQGDQDUHDRIVTXDUHNLORPHWHUV7KHPDLQ
ODQJXDJH LV %DQJOD DOVR NQRZQ DV %HQJDOL DQG WKH PDLQ UHOLJLRQ LV  
WKHFDSLWDORI%DQJODGHVKLVWKHODUJHVWFLW\LQ%DQJODGHVK7KHFOLPDWHLV
  DQG YHU\ KXPLG LQ WKH VXPPHU  PLOG DQG   LQ WKH ZLQWHU 1HDUO\
WZR WKLUGV RI WKH SRSXODWLRQ LV LQYROYHG LQ   ZRUN DQG   LV WKH PRVW
LPSRUWDQW FURS 2WKHU FURSV LQFOXGH MXWH ZKHDW VXJDU FDQH WHD DQG WREDFFR
(YHU\ \HDU WKH ULYHUV   DQG DERXW   RI %DQJODGHVK VWD\V XQGHU ZDWHU
%DQJODGHVK
V H[SRUWV LQFOXGH FRWWRQ
WH[WLOHV FORWKHV QHZVSULQW FHPHQW
DQG FKHPLFDO IHUWLOL]HU 0RVW SHRSOH
VWLOO OLYH LQ WKH   EXW PDQ\ KDYH
PRYHG WR WKH FLWLHV ORRNLQJ IRU ZRUN
7KH ZRUN DYDLODEOH LQ FLWLHV RIWHQ
GRHVQ
W R൵HU   ZDJHV -XVW XQGHU
  RI WKH SRSXODWLRQ LV EHORZ WKH
SRYHUW\ OLQH DQG DURXQG   RI WKH
SRSXODWLRQLVXQHPSOR\HG

7 PW. Make an interview on the text above.

Country Bangladesh
Capital city
Population
Language
Description of the country
Climate
Main crops
The people’s main engagement/occupation
Your own ideas about this country

42
 Reading

1 GW. Read an extract from a newspaper article with correct intonation.

Pay attention to the use of Present Perfect Continuous.
3DUW
%DQNHU+HOSV%DQJODGHVK¶V1HHGLHVW
By Alan Wheatley, Asian Economics Correspondent
(Dhaka, Bangladesh, Wed, Feb 11) (Reuters)
 <XQLV LV IURP %DQJODGHVK +H LV WKH IRXQGHU RI *UDPHHQ %DQN <XQLV
has been doing PRUH WKDQ DQ\RQH HOVH WR KHOS WKH SHRSOH RI %DQJODGHVK RXW RI
SRYHUW\ IRU \HDUV ,Q KLV UHFHQW LQWHUYLHZ WR 5HXWHUV DW *UDPHHQ¶V KHDG R൶ FH
<XQLV VDLG 0\ SKLORVRSK\ LV WR KHOS WKH SRRU LQ PDNLQJ RU HDUQLQJ PRQH\
, IHHO EDG ZKHQ , GHQ\ WR JLYH PRQH\ WR EHJJDUV , have been trying  WR VROYH
WKH SUREOHP WKDQ MXVW JLYH WKHP D KDQG DQG WDNH FDUH RI WKHP IRU WKH GD\
7KHUH LV D VD\LQJ ³Give a man a sh and you feed him for a day, but only by
teaching him how to sh you feed him for lifelong.”
<XQLV KHOSHG  ZRPHQ LQ WKH YLOODJH QHDU  WKH VRXWKHUQ SRUW RI &KLWWDJRQJ
<XQLVhas been tryingWRKHOSWKH%DQJODGHVKLVVLQFH+LVLQLWLDODLPZDVVLP
SO\WRSHUVXDGHDORFDOEDQNPDQDJHUWRR൵HUWKHYLOODJHUVDUHJXODUORDQ7KHEDQNHU
VDLGLWZDVLPSRVVLEOHZLWKRXWDFROODWHUDO6RGLGRWKHUV<XQLVVHWRXWWRSURYHWKHP
ZURQJDQGKDVQHYHUORRNHGEDFN*UDPHHQLVDYLOODJHLQ%HQJDOLWKDWGLVEXUVHV
PLOOLRQDPRQWKWRPLOOLRQERUURZHUVLQYLOODJHVLQ%DQKODGHVK,
P
YHU\KDSS\WKDW, have been helpingSRRUSHRSOHIRUPDQ\\HDUVVD\V<XQLV:H
KDYH GRQH VRPHWKLQJ WKDW  LV UHDOO\  D JUHDW KHOS IRU %DQJODGHVK SHRSOH ,W¶V DQ
LQWHUHVWLQJIDFWWKDWPRVW*UDPHHQERUURZHUVDUHZRPHQIURPYLOODJHVRI'KDND
7KH\ DUH UHDOO\  KDUGZRUNLQJ7KLV LV ZKDW %DQJDOL ZRPHQ WKLQN “Unity, disci-
pline and work is the path to achieve success”7KHVORJDQSRLQWVWRWKHSKLORVRSK\
EHKLQG*UDPHHQORDQVDUHQRWMXVWDERXWEXLOGLQJDQHZVKDFNRUEX\LQJDQR[
7KH\DUHDSDWKWRVHOIUHOLDQFHDQGVHOIUHVSHFW,QDZRUGHPSRZHUPHQW

Glossary
ERUURZHU>‫ޖ‬E‫ܥ‬Uԥ‫ݜ‬ԥ@ (n) a person who borrows money
EHJJDU>‫ޖ‬EHܳԥ@ (n) a person typically a homeless one
OHQGHU>‫ޖ‬OHQGԥ@(n) an organization or person that lends money. syn: creditor
IRXQGHU>‫ޖ‬ID‫ݜ‬QGԥ@(n) a person who began something establishing or doing smth

2 GW. Discuss the statements and give your comments on them.

1. Give a man a sh and you feed him for a day, but only by teaching him
how to sh you feed him for lifelong.
2.“Unity, discipline and work is the path to achieve success.
3. People work because they need money to live.
4. People work because they want to become wealthy.
5. Industrious people can gain everything in life by working hard.
43
 COMPARE AND REMEMBER !
3UHVHQW3HUIHFW 3UHVHQW3HUIHFW&RQWLQXRXV
KDYH KDYHEHHQ
}
KDV
9HUEHG
KDVEHHQ } 9HUELQJ
,\RXZHWKH\KDYH9HUEHG ,\RXZHWKH\KDYHEHHQ9HUELQJ
+HVKHLWKDV9HUEHG +HVKHLWKDVEHHQ9HUELQJ
:LWKQRQDFWLRQYHUEVHJto knowto Ƈ8VHWKH3UHVHQW3HUIHFW
beHWFXVHWKH3UHVHQW3HUIHFWQRWWKH
3UHVHQW3HUIHFW&RQWLQXRXVZLWKforDQG
since
Ƈ I have known Jeyla for ages.
(Not I have been knowing her for ages.)
&RQWLQXRXVIRULQFRPSOHWHDFWLRQV
ZKLFKZHUHLQSURJUHVVRYHUDSHULRGRI
WLPHLQWKHSDVW
Sample:
:HKDYHEHHQOLYLQJLQ,WDO\IRU
Ƈ:LWK toliveDQGtowork\RXFDQXVH
WKH3UHVHQW3HUIHFWRU&RQWLQXRXV.
• How long have you been living here?
- I have been living here for six months.
• How long have you lived in Italy?
- We have lived in Italy for two years.
(we are not there now.)
Use the Present Perfect if we ask “How
much” “How many” or “How often”.
Sample:
• How many pages have you read?
)RU
WZRKRXUVPLQXWHV
¿YHGD\V\HDUV
DZHHNDORQJWLPH
VL[PRQWKVDJHV
\HDUVZHDUHVWLOOWKHUHQRZ
Ƈ8VHWKH3UHVHQW3HUIHFW&RQWLQXRXV
ZLWK³+RZORQJ´
Sample:
• How long has she been working in
the garden?
 She has been working in the garden
for three hours.
6LQFH
R¶FORFN0RQGD\
$SULO
$XJXVWPRUQLQJ
WKH\ZHUHDWVFKRRO&KULVWPDV

3 IW. Choose the right one: Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.
:Hhave been/ have been having)UHQFKFRXUVHVVLQFH6HSWHPEHU
1LJDUhas read/has been reading VRPHPDJD]LQHVIRUDQKRXU
6RPHRQHhas ridden/has been riding P\ELNHDQG has broken/has been breakingLW
(OYLQhas translated/ has been translatingWKHPDJD]LQHIRUDZHHN
,KDYHread/have been readingWZRERRNVWKLVZHHN
+HUH\RXDUH,have looked/have been lookingIRU\RXHYHU\ZKHUH
<RXKDYHcooked/ have been cookingSLOD൵IRUDQKRXUDQGKDYHQ¶W¿QLVKHG\HW
7KH\have built/have been buildingWKHLUFRWWDJHIRUWKUHH\HDUV
0\PXPKDVWRWDNHP\OLWWOHVLVWHUWRWKHGHQWLVWDVVKHhas broken/has been
breaking KHUWRRWK
/DOHhas waited/has been waitingIRUPHLQWKHKRVSLWDOIRUWZRKRXUV
44
4 GW. Read the text with correct intonation. Pay attention to the
words in bold and match them to their definitions.
Muhammad Yunis is the IRXQGHU of Grameen Bank, which has made more
than $4 billion in tiny loans to Bangladeshis, providing a lifeline for
millions and a banking model copied in more than 100 nations from the United
States to Uganda.
3DUW
/HDYH,WWRWKH3HRSOH
-REHGDKDVERUURZHGVRPHPRQH\IURP*UDPHHQWRH[SDQGKHUVPDOOPLON
SURFHVVLQJ EXVLQHVV ODWHO\ 5HKDQD] KDV EHHQ ¿QDQFLQJ D WDLORU
V VKRS IRU D IHZ
PRQWKV+DOLPDLVRQHRIDERXWYLOODJHWHOHSKRQHODGLHVWKHSURXGRZQHURI
DPRELOHSKRQHWKDWWKHZKROHYLOODJHIRUIUHHXVHVWRVWD\LQWRXFKZLWKUHODWLYHV
7R<XQLVWKHOHVVRQLVDVYDOLGQRZDVLWZDVLQ1976LISRRUSHRSOHDUHJLYHQWKH
VDPHDFFHVVWRFUHGLWDVWKHULFKWKH\ZLOOWKULYH
/HDYH LW WR WKH SHRSOH 7KH\ FDQ WDNH FDUH RI WKHPVHOYHV <RX GRQ
W KDYH
WR VKHG WHDUV IRU WKHP 7KH\ DUH YHU\ FDSDEOH VD\V <XQLV $W *UDPHHQ %DQN
UHFRYHUVPRUHWKDQ98SHUFHQWRILWVORDQVHYHQWKRXJKERUURZHUVGRQRWKDYHWRSXW
XSFROODWHUDODQGSD\D20SHUFHQWLQWHUHVWUDWHRQLQFRPHORDQV*UDPHHQFKDUJHV
8 SHUFHQW IRU KRXVH ORDQV DQG 5 SHUFHQW IRU HGXFDWLRQ ORDQV ,W DOVR JLYHV
LQWHUHVWIUHHORDQVWRWKHSRRUHVWSHRSOH:K\VKRXOG¿QDQFLDOVHUYLFHVEHGHQLHG
WRWKHSRRU"<XQLVWKLQNV.XOVXPKDVEHHQERUURZLQJFUHGLWIURP*UDPHHQIRU
16\HDUV6KHVWDUWHGEUHHGLQJGXFNVDQGIDUPVDSORWRIODQGDQGVKHKDVHQRXJK
WRHDWDOO\HDUURXQG6KHDOVRPRYHGIURPDVKHGLQWRDRQHURRPWLG\KRPH
1RZ VKH SURXGO\ SRLQWV WR KHU WHOHYLVLRQ DQG ULFHVWRUDJH MDUV7KHLU OLIH KDV
FKDQJHGSRVLWLYHO\7KHPDLQSRLQWLVWKDWWKH\DUHDOOEHWWHUR൵WKDQEHIRUH
GHQ\DLQFUHDVHRUHQODUJHLQVL]HEHFRPHODUJHU
DVKHGEJURZRUGHYHORSZHOORUYLJHURXVO\
H[SDQGFUHIXVHWRDGPLWWKHWUXWKUHMHFWGHFOLQH
FROODWHUDOGSURGXFHRUIHHGLQDFRQWUROOHGDQGRUJDQLVHGZD\UDLVHJURZ
WKULYHHGHVFHQGHGIURPWKHVDPHVWRFNEXWE\DGL൵HUHQWOLQHVLWXDWHG
  VLGHE\VLGHSDUDOOHGDGGLWLRQDOVHFRQGDU\
EUHHGIDVLPSOHURRIHGVWUXFWXUHW\SLFDOO\PDGHRIZRRGRUPHWDOKXWVKHOWHU

5 GW. Match 1-7 with the a-g on the theme. D

*UDPHHQFKDUJHVSHUFHQWIRUKRXVHORDQV
%DQNKDVPDGHPRUHWKDQELOOLRQLQWLQ\ORDQVWRSRRU E
%DQJODGHVKLV
F
7KHOHVVRQLVDVYDOLGQRZDVLWZDVLQ
*UDPHHQ%DQNUHFRYHUVPRUHWKDQSHUFHQWRILWVORDQV G
%RUURZHUVGRQ¶WKDYHWRSD\DSHUFHQWLQWHUHVWUDWHRQ
LQFRPHORDQV H
.XOVXPKDVEHHQERUURZLQJVRPHPRQH\IURP*UDPHHQ I
IRU\HDUV
45
 Writing / Test Your Memory

1 PW. Complete the table on task 1 page 43 and task 4 page 45.

Name
Occupation
Year when he began lending money
Amount of money Grameen lends a month
Philosophy of Grameen
Percentage of loans Grameen recovers
Amount of interest Grameen charges for house
loans

2 IW. Complete the sentences on task 1 page 43 and task 4 page 45.
<XQLVEHOLHYHVWKDWLIWKHSRRUDUHORDQHGPRQH\PDQ\ZLOO
%DQNVDUHXVXDOO\YHU\UHOXFWDQWWRORDQSRRUSHRSOHPRQH\EHFDXVH
6LQFH<XQLVKDVEHHQKHOSLQJSRRUSHRSOH
<XQLVEHOLHYHVWKDWORDQVKHOSWKHSRRUWREHFRPH
$OWKRXJKSRRUSHRSOHGRQRWKDYHWRR൵HUFROODWHUDOWRJHWORDQV*UDPHHQ
UHFRYHUV
.XOVXPKDVERUURZHGPRQH\IURP*UDPHHQDQGKDVPRYHGIURP
,ZRXOGUDWKHUWU\WRVROYHWKHSUREOHPWKDQMXVWWKHQ
-REHGDKDVERUURZHGPRQH\IURP*UDPHHQWRH[SDQG
<XQLVVD\VWKDWWKH\VKRXOGOHWWKH%DQJDOGHVKLVWDNHFDUHRIWKHPVHOYHV

3 IW. Write a composition on either of the themes/topic:

1. “People Can Gain Everything in Life by Working Hard”.
2. “How Rich We Are!”
Self-Assessment
I can ... 6DPSOHV
¿QGRXWWKHPHDQLQJRIWKH be in hock - be in debt
QHZZRUGV loan - an amount of money that a bank lends
and smb borrows
What’s Muhammad Yunis’s profession?
DQVZHUWKHTXHVWLRQV
What’s Yunis’s initial aim?
We have read this story lately.
FKRRVHWKHULJKWWHQVHIRUP
We’ve been reading a story for an hour.
DQDO\]HWKHIDFWVDQGFRPSOHWH Grameen charges 8 percent for house
WKHVHQWHQFHV loans.
ZULWHDQHVVD\DSDUDJUDSK +RZULFKZHDUH

46
 Writing / Test Your Memory

4 IW. Choose the best answers for the questions.

1. Yunis _________ to beggars, because he believes it is much better to try

and solve the problem of poverty and give people the opportunity to
support themselves.
DDOZD\VJLYHVVRPHWKLQJ
EVRPHWLPHVJLYHVQRWKLQJ
FQHYHUJLYHVDQ\WKLQJ

2. In 1976 a bank manager refused to loan money to women nearby, because

they had nothing to guarantee the loan, so Yunis __________.
DSHUVXDGHGWKHEDQNHUWRJLYHDORDQ
EORDQHGPRQH\WRWKHZRPHQKLPVHOI
FERWKDQVZHUVDDQGE

3. Yunis believes that Grameen has ________________________.

DSURYHQWKDWOHQGLQJPRQH\WRWKHSRRUFDQEH¿QDQFLDOO\VXFFHVVIXO
EFKDOOHQJHGWKHZD\WKHEDQNLQJV\VWHPRSHUDWHV
FERWKDQVZHUVDDQGE

4. Yunis believes when poor people are able to borrow money they’ll ______ .
DVHWXSVXFFHVVIXOVPDOOEXVLQHVVHVDQGEHDEOHWRORRNDIWHUWKHPVHOYHV
EEHFRPHULFKDQGWKHQEHDEOHWRORDQPRQH\WRRWKHUV
FRIWHQVSHQGWKHPRQH\XQZLVHO\DQGWKHQEHXQDEOHWRUHSD\WKHORDQV

5. Most banks charge borrowers 20% on business loans and ask them to
provide something to guarantee the loan, ________________________ .
DEXW*UDPHHQGRHVQ¶W
EDQG*UDPHHQDOVRGRHVWKLV
FEXW*UDPHHQRQO\GRHVWKLVZKHQOHQGLQJWRULFKSHRSOH

6. Kulsum borrowed money from Grameen to buy a cow and now_______ .

DKDVHQRXJKWREUHHGGXFNV
EOLYHVLQDVKHG
FERWKDQVZHUVDDQGE

7. While Kulsum is still poor by western standards, she is now __________.

DDEOHWRVXSSRUWKHUVHOIDOO\HDUURXQG
EEHWWHUR൵WKDQEHIRUHVKHERUURZHGPRQH\IURP*UDPHHQ
FERWKDQVZHUVDDQGE

47
 Assessment

1 Read and think of the moral of the story. Pay attention to the words in
bold and give the short review of the story.
7KH0RGHO0LOOLRQDLUH
,I \RX DUH QRW  ZHDOWK\ WKHUH LV QR XVH RI EHLQJ D FKDUPLQJ
IHOORZ 5RPDQFH LV WKH SULYLOHJH RI WKH ULFK QRW WKH
SURIHVVLRQ RI WKH XQHPSOR\HG ,W LV EHWWHU WR KDYH D
SHUPDQHQWLQFRPHWKDQWREHFKDUPLQJ7KLVLVWKHJUHDW
WUXWK RI PRGHUQ OLIH ZKLFK +XJKLH (UVNLQH QHYHU UHDOL]HG
3RRU+XJKLH+HZDVZRQGHUIXOO\JRRGORRNLQJEXWSRRU7R
PDNH PDWWHUV ZRUVH KH ZDV LQ ORYH 7KH JLUO KH ORYHG ZDV
/DXUD0HUWRQWKHGDXJKWHURIDUHWLUHGFRORQHO7KH\ZHUHWKH
KDQGVRPHVWFRXSOHLQ/RQGRQEXWWKH\GLGQRWKDYHDSHQQ\
7KH&RORQHOZDVYHU\IRQGRI+XJKLHEXWZRXOGQRWKHDURIDQ\HQJDJHPHQW
³&RPHWRPHP\ER\ZKHQ\RXKDYHJRWWHQWKRXVDQGSRXQGVRI\RXURZQDQG
ZH¶OOVHHZKDWWRGR´KHXVHGWRVD\DQGKHEHFDPHXQKDSS\
2QHPRUQLQJDVKHZDVRQKLVZD\WR+ROODQG3DUNZKHUHWKH0HUWRQVOLYHGKH
GURSSHGWRVHHKLVIULHQG$ODQ7UHYRUDSDLQWHU:KHQ+XJKLHFDPHLQKHIRXQG
7UHYRUSXWWLQJWKH¿QLVKLQJWUDLWVWRDZRQGHUIXOOLIHVL]HSLFWXUHRIDEHJJDUPDQ
7KHEHJJDUKLPVHOIZDVVWDQGLQJLQDFRUQHURIWKHVWXGLR+HZDVDZLVHROGPDQ
ZLWKDZULQNOHGIDFHDQGDSLWHRXVH[SUHVVLRQ
³:KDWDQDPD]LQJPRGHO´ZKLVSHUHG+XJKLHDVKHVKRRNKDQGVZLWKKLVIULHQG
³$Q DPD]LQJ PRGHO"´ FULHG 7UHYRU´<RX GRQ¶W  PHHW VXFK  EHJJDUV HYHU\ GD\
³3RRUROGPDQ´VDLG+XJKLH³+RZPLVHUDEOHKHORRNV´
³&HUWDLQO\´UHSOLHG7UHYRU³\RXGRQ¶WZDQWDEHJJDUWRORRNKDSS\GR\RX"´
$W WKLV PRPHQW WKH VHUYDQW FDPH LQ DQG WROG 7UHYRU WKDW WKH IUDPHPDNHU
ZDQWHGWRVSHDNWRKLP
³'RQ¶WUXQDZD\+XJKLH´KHVDLGDVKHZHQWRXW³,¶OOEHEDFNLQDPRPHQW´
7KH ROG EHJJDUPDQ WRRN DGYDQWDJH RI7UHYRU¶V  DEVHQFH WR UHVW IRU  D PRPHQW
RQDZRRGHQEHQFKWKDWZDVEHKLQGKLP+HORRNHGVRPLVHUDEOHWKDW+XJKLH
FRXOGQ¶WKHOSSLW\LQJKLPDQGFKHFNHGKLVSRFNHWVWRVHHZKDWPRQH\KHKDG$OO
KHFRXOG¿QGZDVDVRYHUHLJQDQGVRPHFRSSHUV´3RRUROGPDQ´KHWKRXJKWWR
KLPVHOI³KHZDQWVLWPRUHWKDQ,GR´DQGKHZDONHGDFURVVWKHVWXGLRDQGVOLSSHG
WKHVRYHUHLJQLQWRWKHEHJJDU¶VKDQG7KHROGPDQJRWXSDQGDIDLQWVPLOHDS
SHDUHGRQKLVOLSV³7KDQN\RXVLU´KHVDLG´WKDQN\RX´
7KHQ7UHYRUDUULYHGDQG+XJKLHWRRNKLVOHDYHEOXVKLQJDOLWWOHDWZKDWKHKDG
GRQH7KHQH[WGD\KHPHW7UHYRUDJDLQ
³:HOO$ODQLV\RXUSLFWXUH¿QLVKHG"´KHDVNHG
³)LQLVKHGDQGIUDPHGP\ER\´DQVZHUHG7UHYRU
³%\WKHZD\WKHROGPRGHO\RXVDZDVNHGVRPHTXHVWLRQVDERXW\RX,KDGWRWHOO
KLPDOODERXW\RXZKR\RXDUHZKHUH\RXOLYH:KDW\RXULQFRPHLVDQGZKDWIXWXUH
SODQV\RXKDYH´
³0\ GHDU $ODQ´ FULHG +XJKLH ³,¶OO SUREDEO\ ¿QG KLP ZDLWLQJ IRU PH ZKHQ ,
JRKRPH%XWRIFRXUVH\RXDUHRQO\MRNLQJ3RRUROGPDQ,ZLVK,FRXOGGR
VRPHWKLQJIRUKLP

48
,KDYHKHDSVRIROGFORWKHVDWKRPHGR\RXWKLQNKHZRXOGFDUHIRUWKHP"+LVWRUQ
RXWFORWKHVZHUHIDOOLQJWRELWV´³%XWKHORRNVVSOHQGLGLQWKHP´VDLG7UHYRU´,
ZRXOGQRWSDLQWKLPLQDIURFNFRDWIRUDQ\WKLQJ:KDW\RXFDOOUDJV,FDOOURPDQFH
+RZHYHU,¶OOWHOOKLPRI\RXUR൵HU´
³$QGQRZWHOOPHKRZ/DXUDLV´VDLG7UHYRU³7KHROGPRGHOZDVTXLWHLQWHUHVWHG
LQKHU´
³<RXGRQ¶WPHDQWRVD\\RXWDONHGWRKLPDERXWKHU"´VDLG+XJKLH
³&HUWDLQO\,GLG+HNQRZVDOODERXWWKHUHWLUHGFRORQHO\RXUORYHO\/DXUDDQGWKH
SRXQGV´
³'LG\RXWHOOWKHROGEHJJDUDOODERXWP\SULYDWHD൵DLUV"´FULHG+XJKLHORRNLQJ
YHU\UHGDQGDQJU\
³0\GHDUER\´VDLG7UHYRUVPLOLQJ´7KDWROGEHJJDUDV\RXFDOOKLPLVRQHRI
WKHULFKHVWPHQLQ(XURSH+HKDVDKRXVHLQHYHU\FDSLWDOGLQHVR൵JROGSODWHDQG
FRXOGEX\DOO/RQGRQWRPRUURZLIKHZLVKHG´
³:KDWRQHDUWKGR\RXPHDQ"´H[FODLPHG+XJKLH
³:KDW,VD\´VDLG7UHYRU³7KHROGPDQ\RXVDZLQWKHVWXGLRLV%DURQ+DXVEHUJ
+HLVDJUHDWIULHQGRIPLQHEX\VDOOP\SLFWXUHVDQGKHSDLGPHDPRQWKDJRWR
SDLQWKLPDVDEHJJDU´
³%DURQ+DXVEHUJ´FULHG+XJKLH³*RRGKHDYHQV,JDYHKLPDVRYHUHLJQ´
³*DYH KLP D VRYHUHLJQ´ FULHG7UHYRU DQG KH EXUVW LQWR ODXJKWHU ³0\ GHDU ER\
\RX¶OO QHYHU VHH LW DJDLQ´ +XJKLH ZDONHG KRPH IHHOLQJ YHU\ XQKDSS\ 7KH QH[W
PRUQLQJ DV KH ZDV DW EUHDNIDVW WKH VHUYDQW KDQGHG KLP DQ HQYHORSH 2Q WKH
RXWVLGH ZDV ZULWWHQ ³$ ZHGGLQJ SUHVHQW WR +XJKLH (UVNLQH DQG /DXUD 0HUWRQ
IURPDQROGEHJJDU´DQGLQVLGHZDVDFKHTXHIRUSRXQGV:KHQWKH\ZHUH
PDUULHG$ODQ7UHYRUZDVWKHEHVWPDQDQGWKH%DURQPDGHDVSHHFKDWWKHZHGGLQJ
EUHDNIDVW       (By Oscar Wilde)

ELW>EܼW@(n) small amount Glossary

FRSSHU>‫ޖ‬N‫ܥ‬Sԥ@ (n) a metal/bronze coin, a penny
EOXVK>EO‫(@ݕݞ‬v) become red in the face because you are embarrassed or ashamed
IDLQW>IHܼQW@(adj) that cannot be clearly seen, heard or smelt
IUDPHPDNHU>‫ޖ‬IUHܼPPHܼNԥ@(n) a person who produces frames, creator of frames.
IURFNFRDW>‫ޖ‬IU‫ܥ‬N‫ޖ‬NRXW@(n) a man’s double-breasted, long skirted coat
KHDS>KL‫ޝ‬S@(n) an untidy pile /collection of something syn: pile, mass, collection
SULYLOHJH>‫ޖ‬SUܼYԥOܼG‫(@ݤ‬n) a special right or advantage that a particular person has
VOLS>VOܼS@(v) slide a short distance by accident so that you fall or nearly fall
VRYHUHLJQ>‫ޖ‬V‫ܥ‬YUܼQ@(n) a former British gold coin which was worth a pound sterling

2 Write the main idea in the story and express your points of view.

3 Correct the mistakes in the sentences.

7KHEHJJDUZDVDIRROLVK\RXQJPDQ
7KH0HUWRQVZRUNHGLQ+ROODQG3DUN
7KHROGPRGHOZDVYHU\SRRU
/DXUDZDVTXLWHLQWHUHVWHGLQWKHROGPRGHO
,WLVELWWHUWREHFKDUPLQJWKDQWRKDYHDSHUPDQHQWLQFRPH
49
 Student Portfolio. Revise and Check Around Unit 1.

1 Complete the table.

,QWKH¿HOGRI :KDW,¶YHOHDUQHG +RZ,¶OOLPSOHPHQW
Listening
Speaking
Reading
Writing
Logical Thinking
Critical Thinking
Grammar Section
Other things
2 Read and complete the story with your own ideas.
  2QFH WKHUH ZDV D PDQ ZKR ZDV YHU\ IRQG RI JROG$OO KLV OLIH KH VDYHG D ORW
RIPRQH\DQGKHZDVWKHULFKHVWPDQLQKLVWRZQ2QHGD\KHZDVWUDYHOOLQJLQWKH
GHVHUWRI1RUWK$PHULFD7KHZHDWKHUZDVYHU\KRW6XGGHQO\KHORVWKLVZD\DQGKH
KDGQRWKLQJZLWKKLPQRIRRGRUZDWHU$QGKHZDVDOPRVWG\LQJRIKXQJHU+HZDV
WKLUVW\ DQG KXQJU\7KH PDQ ZDV VR ZHDN WKDW KH FRXOG KDUGO\ ZDON +H ZDV YHU\
KDSS\ZKHQKHVDZDEDJRQWKHVDQG+HKRSHGWKDWWKHUHZDVVRPHIRRGDQGZDWHU
LQLW,WZDVDEDJIXOORIJROG%XWWKHPDQGLGQ¶WQHHGDQ\JROGLWZDVXVHOHVVWR
¿QGDEDJWKDWZDVIXOORIJROGIRUDKXQJU\PDQLQDGHVHUW+HOHIWWKHEDJDQGVDLG
³BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB´
3 Answer the questions and write. Try to explain your ideas. (See task 2)
:KRFDQ\RXFDOODULFKPDQDQGZK\"
:KDWLVWKHPRUDORIWKHVWRU\"
:K\GLGKHKDYHWRVDYHPRQH\DOOKLVOLIH"
+RZGLGWKHJROGKHOSKLPLQWKHGHVHUW"
:K\GLGWKHPDQKDYHWROHDYHWKHEDJIXOORIJROGWKHUH"
:KDWLVWKHDXWKRUWU\LQJWRWHOOXV"
4 Create a story on the following statements giving reasons.
If I earn a lot of money, people will know I am successful and smart.
 Money equals success. If I earn a lot of money I can spend it on my friends.
And everyone will know that I am rich and very successful.
 Money isn’t the main thing in life. Everybody is able to do his or her part in
this world.
5 Match the two sides.
SHUPDQHQW DFRORQHO
KHDSVRI EROGFORWKHV
SLWHRXV FSLFWXUH
OLIHVL]H GVPLOH
IDLQW HLQFRPH
UHWLUHG IH[SUHVVLRQ
50
 Student Portfolio. Revise and Check Around Unit 1.

6 Find mistakes and write the correct statements. (See task 6, page 42)
7KHFRXQWU\RI%DQJODGHVKLVVLWXDWHGEHWZHHQ,QGLDDQG7KDLODQG%DQJODGHVK
KDVDSRSXODWLRQRIDURXQGDQGDQDUHDRIVTXDUHNLORPHWUHV7KH
PDLQODQJXDJHLV%DQJOD (also known as Bengali) DQGWKHPDLQUHOLJLRQLV%XGGKLVP
'KDNDWKHFDSLWDORI%DQJODGHVKLVWKHOHDVWSROOXWHGFLW\LQ%DQJODGHVK7KHFOLPDWH
LVKRWDQGYHU\GU\LQVXPPHUDQGPLOGDQGZHWLQZLQWHU1HDUO\WZRWKLUGVRIWKH
SRSXODWLRQLVLQYROYHGLQDJULFXOWXUDOZRUNDQGULFHLVWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWFURS2WKHU
FURSVLQFOXGHMXWHZKHDWVXJDUFDQHWHDDQGWREDFFR(YHU\\HDUWKHULYHUVÀRRG
DQGDERXWDWHQWKRI%DQJODGHVKLVXQGHUZDWHU%DQJODGHVK
VH[SRUWVLQFOXGHFRWWRQ
WH[WLOHVFORWKHVQHZVSULQWFHPHQWDQGFKHPLFDOIHUWLOL]HU)HZSHRSOHVWLOOOLYHLQWKH
FRXQWU\VLGHEXWPDQ\KDYHPRYHGWRWKHFLWLHVORRNLQJIRUZRUN7KHZRUNDYDLODEOH
LQFLWLHVRIWHQR൵HUVKLJKZDJHV-XVWXQGHURIWKHSRSXODWLRQLVEHORZWKHSRYHUW\
OLQHDQGDURXQGRIWKHSRSXODWLRQLVXQHPSOR\HG
7 Fill in the right column the phrases with make or do from the box.

BBBDGUHVVBBBDVDQGZLFKBBBIRRGBBBDIDYRXU
BBBDSODQBBBKRXVHZRUNBBBGDPDJHBBBDPLVWDNH
BBBZDVKLQJXSBBBVKRSSLQJBBBDFKRLFHBBBODXQGU\

0DNH 'R
• tea • homework
• •

8 Write the correct synonym and antonym for each word in the chart.
6\QRQ\PV $QWRQ\PV
:RUGV 6HQWHQFHV
FORVHPHDQLQJ RSSRVLWH
simplicity
beggar
lender
founder
collateral
borrower
loan
shed
thrive

9 Project. Speak about well prospered countries, especially Azerbaijan

searching information on the ways of increasing their economical
development.
51
 UNIT LITERATURE
2 Lesson 1. Books Are My Friends!

What you’ll learn:

‡:KDWERRNVPHDQIRUSHRSOH:KDWWKHUROHRIERRNVLV
‡:KDWDUHWKHIDFWVDERXWERRNV
‡+RZERRNVLQÀXHQFHSHRSOHDQGFDQKHOSWKHPLQWKHLUOLYHV
‡+RZLPSRUWDQWUHDGLQJLV
‡+RZWRLGHQWLI\W\SHVRIVW\OHLQUHDGLQJWH[WV
‡+RZWRZULWHSDUDJUDSKVDURXQGDWRSLF
‡+RZWRXVHYRFDEXODU\UHODWHGWRWKHWRSLFRIERRNVDQGUHDGLQJ
‡+RZWRH[SUHVVRSLQLRQV

Word File
DGRUH>ԥ‫ޖ‬G‫ޝܧ‬U@(v) admire, love somebody madly/very much
H[SRVLWRU\>ܼN‫ޖ‬VS‫]ܥ‬ԥWUL@(adj) intended to explain or describe something
syn: explanatory, descriptive, describing
PDQXVFULSW>‫ޖ‬P QMXVNUܼSW@(n) a copy of book written by hand, piece of music,
etc. before it has been printed
QDUUDWH>Qԥ‫ޖ‬UHܼW@(v) to tell a story
SDUFKPHQW>‫ޖ‬S‫ޝܤ‬W‫ݕ‬PԥQW@(n) material made from the skin of a sheep or goat, used
in the past for writing on
SHULRGLFDO>‫ޙ‬SܼԥUL‫ܥޖ‬GܼNO@(n) a magazine that is published every week, month, etc.,
especially one that is concerned with an academic subject
SHUVXDVLYH>Sԥ‫ޖ‬VZHܼVܼY@(adj) able to persuade smb to do or believe smth.
Persuasive arguments/evidence/style, etc.
SUHMXGLFH>‫ޖ‬SUHG‫ݤ‬XGܼV@(n) an opinion formed without taking time and care to
judge fairly
SXWGRZQ>SXWG‫ܤ‬XQ@(v) stop holding smth and place it on a table, shelf, etc.
UHFRPPHQG>‫ޙ‬UHNԥ‫ޖ‬PHQG@(v) tell smb that smth is good or useful, or that smb
would be suitable for a particular job
UHIHUHQFH>‫ޖ‬UHIUԥQV@(n) 1. a thing you say or write that mentions smb/smth else
2. the act of looking at smth for information
UHYHDO>Uܼ‫ޖ‬YL‫ޝ‬O@(v) make (previously unknown or secret information) known
syn:tell, disclose
UHODWH>Uܼ‫ޖ‬OHܼW@(v) concern, refer
WKHPDWLF>șܼ‫ޖ‬PԥWܼN@(adj)1. having or relating to subjects or a particular subject
2. relating to the theme of an inected word,
syn: topical

52
 Listening/Speaking

1 CW. Listen to the statements, talk about books sharing your ideas.

LPSURYHP\YRFDEXODU\ HQFRXUDJHPHWROHDUQ
DQGUHDGLQJZULWLQJVNLOOV QHZVXEMHFWVWKLQJV

HQFRXUDJHPHWRWU\
" %22.6 QHZKREELHV

KHOSPHWRGHFLGHWKHW\SH
RISHUVRQ,ZDQWWREH "

2 CW/GW. Listen to the “Do You Know?” box and search for more information
about kinds of books and discuss.

$ERRNis a set of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of

paper, parchment, or other materials.
Books may refer to works of literature. In the library and information science,
a book is called a monograph, to distinguish it from serial periodicals such as
magazines, journals, or newspapers. The body of all written works including books
is literature. Novels and other books can consist of large sections, subdivisions
or chapters.
Ƈ.LQGVRI%RRNV
■ ction ■ cooking ■ humour
■ historic ■ realistic ■ sport
■ detective ■ non-ction ■ thriller/horror
■ fantasy ■ adventure ■ special interests/hobbies
■ biography

53
 3 CW. Listen to the teens’ opinions on Reading and express your attitude
to each of them. Pay attention to the words given in italics.

:KDW¶V5HDGLQJ"

Ƈ5HDGLQJLVRQHRIWKHEHVWKREELHV5HDGLQJKHOSV\RXWROHDUQPRUHWREHFRPH
VPDUWHU DQG WR VXFFHHG LQ OLIH ,W LPSURYHV \RXU VSHOOLQJ DQG YRFDEXODU\ DQG
JLYHV\RXDFKDQFHWROHDUQDQGH[SORUHQHZWKLQJV,ORYHUHDGLQJ¿FWLRQ,DGRUH
DGYHQWXUHKXPRXUKLVWRULFDOQRYHOVDQGFULPH¿FWLRQ,have been reading&RQDQ
'R\OH
VGHWHFWLYHVWRULHVDERXW6KHUORFN+ROPHVIRUDZHHN$QGZKDWhave you
beenUHDGLQJ"        5XIDW 

 Ƈ  ,¶P IRQG RI UHDGLQJ ,¶YH JRW D YHU\ JRRG FROOHFWLRQ RI ERRNV DQG ,¶P UHDOO\
SURXGRILW,FDQ¶WVD\P\FROOHFWLRQLVWKHPDWLF,¶YHJRWGL൵HUHQWERRNVQRYHOV
¿FWLRQERRNVDERXWDQLPDOVDQGSODQWVERRNVDERXWGL൵HUHQWFRXQWULHVDQGODQGV
,WKLQNUHDGLQJLVYHU\LPSRUWDQWIRUHYHU\ERG\:KDWHYHU\RXGRZKHUHYHU\RX
JR  \RX¶OO DOZD\V  QHHG D JRRG IULHQG DQG D JRRG WHDFKHU $QG WKLV IULHQG DQG
WHDFKHUIRU\RXFDQEHDERRN      )LGDQ 

Ƈ)RUPHUHDGLQJLVDZD\RIUHOD[LQJDQGXVLQJP\LPDJLQDWLRQ5HDGLQJPDNHV
\RXVRPHRQHHOVH/LWHUDWXUHKDVDEVROXWHO\QROLPLWV0\IDYRXULWHJHQUHLVfantasy
EHFDXVH LW OHWV PH IHHO WKH VHQVH RI PDJLF LQ WKH ZRUOG %XW , DOVR ORYH UHDOLVWLF
WHHQDJH ¿FWLRQ VFLHQFH ¿FWLRQ P\VWHULHV thrillers DQG FODVVLF QRYHOV I've been
reading "Pride and Prejudice"E\-DQH$XVWHQIRUWZRZHHNV7KHERRNLVEULOOLDQW
,HQFRXUDJHHYHU\RQHWRUHDGLW     %HOOD

Ƈ,WKLQNUHDGLQJERRNVLVKDUGZRUN%RRNVKDYHJUHDWO\LQÀXHQFHGP\OLIHDQG
KHOSHG  PH LQ VFKRRO DQG PDNLQJ IULHQGV 7KH\ KHOS PH WR XQGHUVWDQG GL൵HUHQW
SHRSOHDQGFXOWXUH%RRNVHQFRXUDJHPHWROHDUQPRUHDERXWQHZVXEMHFWVDQGWR
WU\QHZKREELHV,SUHIHUUHDGLQJ non-ctionERRNV7KH\DUHYHU\HGXFDWLRQDODQG
informative.,DOVROLNHERRNVDERXWELRJUDSKLHVDQGreferenceERRNVDVZHOO$QG,
have been readingDXWRELRJUDSKLHVRIZRUOGIDPRXVSHRSOHIRUWZRGD\V
        6KDKLQ
Ƈ,WKLQNUHDGLQJLVLQWHUHVWLQJ,HQMR\URPDQFHVVSRUWERRNVDQGVWRULHV,
ve been
readingDQH[FLWLQJVWRU\IRUWZRGD\V,I\RXUHDGWKLVVWRU\\RXZLOOQHYHUSXWLW
GRZQ,ZRXOGUHFRPPHQGWKLVERRNWRWKRVHZKRORYHQRYHOV,W
VDUHDOWKLQJ
         *DEL 

4 CW. Listen to the expressions on books and add more ideas.

Books:
• greatly inuence our lives • are very educational and informative
• improve our vocabulary and writing skills • help us to make friends
• help us understand dierent people • help us to learn dierent cultures
54
 5 GW. Find out and say. (See task 3, page 54)

$FWLYLWLHV %HOOD 6KDKLQ )LGDQ *DEL 5XIDW

• likes reading
• loves poetry
• prefers non-ction books
• recommends mysteries and thrillers
• has been reading "Pride and Prejudice"
• considers reading is hard work
• likes reading an exciting story
• says that books are educational

6 PW. Put questions to the underlined parts of the sentences looking

through the “Compare and Remember” box.
(OFKLQKDVEHHQOLVWHQLQJWRRXUQDWLRQDOPXJKDPIRUDIHZPLQXWHV
7XUJXWKDVEHHQUHDGLQJ&RQDQ'R\OH
VGHWHFWLYHVWRULHVDERXW6KHUORFN
+ROPHVIRUWZRZHHNV
7KH\KDYHEHHQGLVFXVVLQJ³3ULGHDQG3UHMXGLFH´E\-DQH$XVWHQVLQFHR¶FORFN
6KDPVKDVEHHQUHDGLQJDXWRELRJUDSKLHVRIZRUOGIDPRXVSHRSOHIRUDQKRXU
7KHFKLOGUHQKDYHEHHQZDWFKLQJDQLQWHUHVWLQJPRYLHIRUWZHQW\PLQXWHV
6RQDKDVEHHQOHDUQLQJDIRUHLJQODQJXDJHVLQFH0D\
0\IULHQGVKDYHEHHQSOD\LQJFKHVVIRUWZRKRXUV
7KH\KDYHEHHQORRNLQJIRUDQHZÀDWVLQFH2FWREHU

COMPARE AND REMEMBER!

7KH3UHVHQW3HUIHFW&RQWLQXRXV7HQVH)RUP

:K+RZTXHVWLRQV
:KRKDVEHHQ9HUELQJ" • Who has been reading?
:KDWKDYH,\RXZHWKH\EHHQ9HUELQJ" • What have you been doing?
+RZORQJKDVKHVKHLWEHHQ9HUELQJ" • How long have you been reading?
• :HKDYHEHHQOHDUQLQJ(QJOLVK for 3 • Who has been learning English?
years • What have we been doing?
• What have we been learning?
• How long have we been learning
English?
Remember:$IWHU+RZORQJ"ZLWKDFWLRQYHUEVHJSOD\XVH3UHVHQW3HUIHFW
&RQWLQXRXV7HQVH•How long have you been playing the violin?
ButZLWKQRQDFWLRQYHUEVHJNQRZXVH3UHVHQW3HUIHFW
• How long have you known your friend?

55
7 GW. Listen to “Remember” box and make a questionnaire about Types
of Literary Style.

REMEMBER!

7KH VW\OH LQ 5HDGLQJ:ULWLQJ FDQ EH GH¿QHG DV WKH ZD\ D ZULWHU ZULWHV ,W LV
WKHWHFKQLTXHZKLFKDQLQGLYLGXDODXWKRUXVHVLQKLVKHUZULWLQJ,WYDULHVIURP
DXWKRUWRDXWKRUDQGGHSHQGVRQRQH¶VV\QWD[ZRUGFKRLFHDQGWRQH,WFDQDOVR
EHGHVFULEHGDVDYRLFHWKDWUHDGHUVOLVWHQWRZKHQWKH\UHDGWKHZRUNRIDZULWHU

([SRVLWRU\RU$UJXPHQWDWLYHVW\OH 1DUUDWLYH VW\OH

([SRVLWRU\ZULWLQJVW\OHLVDVXEMHFW 1DUUDWLYHZULWLQJVW\OHLVD
RULHQWHGVW\OH+HUHWKHZULWHUWHOOVWKH W\SHRIZULWLQJZKHUHWKHZULWHU
UHDGHUVDERXWDVSHFL¿FVXEMHFWRUWRSLF QDUUDWHVDVWRU\,WLQFOXGHV
,QWKHHQGWKHDXWKRUJLYHVKLVRZQ VKRUWVWRULHVQRYHOVQRYHOODV
RSLQLRQDERXWWKDWWRSLF ELRJUDSKLHVDQGSRHWU\

7\SHVRI/LWHUDU\6W\OHV
7KHUHDUHIRXUEDVLFOLWHUDU\VW\OHVXVHGLQ
5HDGLQJDQG:ULWLQJ7KHVHVW\OHV
GLVWLQJXLVKGL൵HUHQWDXWKRUV¶ZRUN
+HUHDUHWKHIRXUVW\OHV

3HUVXDVLYHVW\OH
3HUVXDVLYHVW\OHRIZULWLQJLVDFDWHJRU\
RIZULWLQJLQZKLFKWKHZULWHUWULHVWR
JLYHUHDVRQVDQGMXVWL¿FDWLRQWRPDNH
WKHUHDGHUVEHOLHYHKLVSRLQWRIYLHZ
7KLVOLWHUDU\VW\OHDLPVWRSHUVXDGHDQG
FRQYLQFHWKHUHDGHUV
'HVFULSWLYHZULWLQJVW\OH
+HUHWKHDXWKRUIRFXVHVRQDQHYHQW
DFKDUDFWHURUDSODFHLQGHWDLO,Q
GHVFULSWLYHVW\OHWKHDXWKRUWULHVWR
VSHFLI\DQHYHQWDQREMHFWRUDWKLQJ
UDWKHUWKDQPHUHO\JLYLQJLQIRUPDWLRQ
DERXWDQHYHQWWKDWKDVKDSSHQHG

7REHDUHDOO\H൵HFWLYHUHDGHUZHQHHGWREHDEOHWRYDU\RXUVW\OHRIUHDGLQJ
,W
VOLNHO\WKDWZHDOUHDG\GRWKLVLQVWLQFWLYHO\WRVRPHH[WHQW7KLQNDOLWWOHKRZ
ZHZRXOGUHDG
• a blockbuster • a newspaper
• a poem • an instruction manual

:KHQ UHDGLQJ IRU SOHDVXUH ZH PD\ UHDG TXLFNO\ EXW ZLWK IHZ EUHDNV DQG
ZLWKRXW ZRUU\LQJ DERXW KDYLQJ WR UHFDOO GHWDLOV ODWHU :KHQ FRQVXOWLQJ DQ
LQVWUXFWLRQPDQXDOZHPD\UHDGRQO\RQHRUWZRSDUDJUDSKVEXWZHUHDGWKHP
YHU\FDUHIXOO\PDNLQJVXUHZHXQGHUVWDQGWKHGHWDLOV
*blockbuster [bl kbst
(r)] (n) something very successful, especially a very
56 successful book or lm/movie
*QDUUDWLYH>‫ޖ‬Q UԥWܼY@(n) a description of events, especially in a novel. syn. story
 Reading
1 IW. Read the UI box with appropriate intonation. Define the style
of the text.
Useful Information
9DOXDEOH%RRNV

The QuranLVWKH6DFUHGERRNRI,VODP$FFRUGLQJWR0XVOLP
EHOLHIWKH+RO\ERRN4XUDQFRQWDLQVWKHDFWXDOZRUGRI*RGDV
UHYHDOHGE\WKHDQJHO*DEULHOWRWKH3URSKHW0XKDPPDG7KH
VXUDVchapters)RIWKH4XUDQDUHWKHVRXUFHRI,VODPLFEHOLHIDQG
DJXLGHIRUWKHZKROHOLIHRIWKHFRPPXQLW\7KH4XUDQFRQWDLQV
UXOHV WKDW D 0XVOLP PXVW IROORZ 7KH ODQJXDJH RI WKH 4XUDQ LV
$UDELFDQGLWLVWKHPRVWYDOXDEOHERRNIRU0XVOLPV

+DYH\RXKHDUGDERXWa stone book":HKDYHJRWDVWRQH

ERRN LQ *REXVWDQ ZKLFK VKRZV WKDW $]HUEDLMDQ LV RQH
RI WKH ROGHVW FRXQWULHV LQ WKH ZRUOG 7KH SLFWXUHV RQ WKH
URFNVSURYLGHDULFKPDWHULDOIRUVWXG\LQJRIFXVWRPVDQG
WUDGLWLRQV DV ZHOO DV EHOLHIV  RI WKH  SHRSOH ZKR OLYHG LQ
DQFLHQW $]HUEDLMDQ ,Q  *REXVWDQ ZDV GHFODUHG D
QDWLRQDOKLVWRULFDOODQGPDUNRI$]HUEDLMDQWRSUHVHUYHWKH
DQFLHQWFDUYLQJV,Q*REXVWDQZDVGHFODUHGD81(6&2:RUOG+HULWDJH6LWH

The Book of Dede GorgutLVWKHPRVWIDPRXVDPRQJWKHHSLF

VWRULHVRIWKH2JKX]7XUNV7KHVWRULHVFDUU\PRUDOVDQGYDOXHV
VLJQL¿FDQWWRWKHVRFLDOOLIHVW\OHRIWKHQRPDGLF7XUNLFSHRSOHVDQG
WKHLUSUH,VODPLFEHOLHIV7KHP\WKLFQDUUDWLYHRIWKHERRNLVD
SDUWRIWKHFXOWXUDOKHULWDJHRI7XUNLFFRXQWULHVLQFOXGLQJ7XUNH\
$]HUEDLMDQ7XUNPHQLVWDQ.D]DNKVWDQDQG.\UJ\]VWDQ7KHERRN
'HGH*RUJXWWKDWZDVFRSLHGLQWKHWKFHQWXU\FRQVLVWVRIWZR
PDQXVFULSWV,WLVDFROOHFWLRQRIWZHOYHVWRULHVUHÀHFWLQJWKHRUDO
WUDGLWLRQRI2JKX]QRPDGV

The First Azerbaijan Soviet Encyclopedia ZDV SXEOLVKHG

LQ  ZLWK DFWLYH VXSSRUW RI RXU QDWLRQDO OHDGHU +H\GDU
$OL\HY,WHQWHUHGWKHFRXQWU\
VKLVWRU\DVWKH¿UVWIXQGDPHQWDO
UHVHDUFK RQ DOO DVSHFWV RI NQRZOHGJH DQG LQIRUPDWLRQ ,W LV D
UHVSHFWHG SXEOLFDWLRQ IRU HYHU\ LQWHOOLJHQW$]HUEDLMDQL IDPLO\
7KHFRUHSULQFLSOHRIDQHZQDWLRQDOHQF\FORSHGLDLVWRSUHVHUYH
$]HUEDLMDQ¶VQDWLRQDOFXOWXUDOWUDGLWLRQDODQGKLVWRULFDOYDOXHV
7KHPRGHUQHQF\FORSHGLDSOD\VDWUHPHQGRXVUROHLQHQULFKLQJ
WKH LQWHOOHFWXDO SRWHQWLDO RI WKH$]HUEDLMDQL VRFLHW\ UHÀHFWLQJ
FXOWXUDODQGKLVWRULFDODFKLHYHPHQWVRIWKH$]HUEDLMDQLSHRSOH

57
 Reading

2 PW. Read the “Do you Know?” box and interview your classmates on:
‡ Name the books that people like ‡Name the books that they would like to read
‡ Name the characters in the books ‡Name the writer/ the poet of the book

Ƈ6SHDNLQJDERXWSHRSOHZKRZULWHERRNVZHPD\QHHGWKHVHZRUGVDQGZRUGFRPELQDWLRQV
■an author ■a novelist ■a dramatist ■a writer ■a poet /poetess ■a humorist

Ƈ*RRGERRNVFDQEH Ƈ:HFDQFKDUDFWHUL]HDQDXWKRUDV
■interesting ■enjoyable ■original ■good ■well-known
■amusing ■exciting ■fascinating ■interesting ■famous
■ powerful ■well-written ■ witty* ■talented ■modern
■ancient ■classical
■medieval ■ great

3 GW. Read the text with correct intonation. Define the style of the text
and express your opinions.

'LJLWDO5HYROXWLRQ
%RRNV ¿UVW DSSHDUHG  \HDUV DJR %RRNV ZHUH
ZULWWHQ  E\ KDQG VR QR WZR ERRNV  ZHUH H[DFWO\ WKH
VDPH %RRNV ZHUH ELJ KHDY\ DQG H[SHQVLYH DQG
PDQ\ SHRSOH FRXOGQ
W UHDG WKHP7KH ¿UVW UHYROXWLRQ
ZDV *XWHQEHUJ
V LQYHQWLRQ RI WKH SULQWLQJ SUHVV LQ
3ULQWLQJSUHVVHVFRXOGSULQWWKRXVDQGVRIERRNV
TXLFNO\%\WKHUHKDGEHHQPLOOLRQERRNVLQ
(XURSHDQGPLOOLRQVRISHRSOHOHDUQWWRUHDG7RGD\RI(XURSHDQVFDQUHDG
7KH VHFRQG UHYROXWLRQ ZDV PRUH UHFHQW 3XEOLVKHUV VWDUWHG WR XVH FRPSXWHUV WR
SURGXFHERRNVDERXWWZHQW\\HDUVDJR7UDGLWLRQDOSUHVVHVVWDUWHGWRGLVDSSHDUDQG
SHRSOHEHJDQWRSURGXFHERRNVHOHFWURQLFDOO\3HRSOHDOVRVWDUWHGWRUHDGQHZVSDSHUV
DQGPDJD]LQHVRQOLQHDQGVRPHSHRSOHWKRXJKWWKDWSDSHUERRNVZRXOGGLVDSSHDU
RQHGD\1RZWKHGLJLWDOUHYROXWLRQLVKHUH(ERRNUHDGHUVKDYHDUULYHGDQGSHUVRQDO
ZHESDJHVDQGEORJVKDYHDOVREHFRPHPRUHSRSXODU'R\RXNQRZWKDWSHRSOH
EHWZHHQ WKH DJHV IRXUWHHQ DQG WZHQW\ RQH KDYH JRW WKHLU RZQ EORJ RU ZHESDJH"
3ULQWRQGHPDQGLVDQRWKHUSDUWRIWKHGLJLWDOUHYROXWLRQ6RRQ\RX
OOEHDEOHWR
FKRRVHDERRNIURPDVHOHFWLRQRIPLOOLRQVLQDQ\ERRNVKRS$PDFKLQHZLOOSULQW
\RXUERRNZKLOH\RXZDLWLQWKHVKRS

58 ZLWW\– smart, cute, humorous, comic

 Reading
4 GW. Choose the correct answer according to task 2 (see page 58).
1. ___ could read 2.000 years ago.
DRQO\DIHZSHRSOH EQHDUO\HYHU\ERG\ FQRERG\GPDQ\SHRSOH
2. ___ could produce a lot of books.
DZHESDJHV  ESULQWLQJSUHVVHV FKDQGZULWLQJ GEORJV
3. We’ll be able to print ___ with “print on demand” soon.
DRXURZQERRN EDQHERRN FDZHEVLWH GDFDVVHWWH
4. Publishers have produced ___ for the last 20 years.
DFRPSXWHUVEHERRNVFERRNVXVLQJFRPSXWHUVGPDJD]LQHV
5. Books were big, heavy and ___ more than 2000 years ago.
DFKHDSESRRU FH[SHQVLYH  GGXOO
6. Books ...
DUHSRUWVRPHQHZV  ELQIRUPWKHUHDGHU
FWHOOXVHYHU\WKLQJ   GFRPSODLQDERXWVRPHWKLQJ
5 PW. Match the facts with/to the events. (1-6 with a-f).
7KHUHKDGEHHQPLOOLRQERRNVLQ(XURSH D

(XURSHDQVFDQUHDG E

3HRSOHEHWZHHQWKHDJHVDQGKDYHJRWWKHLU F
RZQEORJ

7KH¿UVWUHYROXWLRQZDV*XWHQEHUJ
VLQYHQWLRQRI G
WKHSULQWLQJSUHVV

%RRNV¿UVWDSSHDUHG H

3XEOLVKHUVVWDUWHGWRXVHFRPSXWHUVWRSURGXFHERRNV I

Self-Assessment YES NO
5HDGLQJ I can... I can’t...
‡read the text with correct intonation
‡talk about books and what they mean to me
‡express my ideas on books and digital revolution
‡choose the correct answer according to the text
‡match the facts to the events
‡speak about digital revolution and the role of e-books
‡use the key words related to the topic of books and reading
‡see the dierence between the styles of the texts
59
 Writing/ Test Your Memory
1 PW. Make a text “Digital Revolution” editing additions and using
sources. (See task 3 on page 58).
,WKLQNUHDGLQJBBBB
)RUPHUHDGLQJLVDZD\WRBBBB
5HDGLQJERRNVLQHYHU\GD\OLIHKHOSVPHBBBBBB
BBBBBBWRXQGHUVWDQGGL൵HUHQWSHRSOHDQGFXOWXUH
0\IDYRXULWHJHQUHVDUHBBBB
7KLVZHHN,
YHEHHQUHDGLQJBBBB
,ZRXOGUHFRPPHQGBBBBEHFDXVHBBBB

2 GW. Look through the sayings and search for more information about
these authors and their books/works. Discuss and write your
points of view.
*UHDW ERRNV KH
ER RN V DU H WR EH WDVWHG DQ G
OS \RX XQGHUV
WDQG
6RPH Z HG DQG
WK H\ K HO S \RXIHHOXQGHU
 EH  VZ DO OR VW RR G
RWKHUV WR HZ HG DQG (John Green)
R EH  FK
VRPH IHZW
cis Bacon)
GLJHVWHG(Fran
VOLNH
D G LQ J DERRNL UVHOI $ JRRG
E
5 H
LW LQ JLWI R U \ R X I ULHQG RRN LV WKH EH
U W V
DQGIRU KH VDPH WRG W
UH  Z C a r te r )
 ( Angela H Y D \
DV  HU 
W K RU 
X  ( M
Q D HQG
a rtin Tu
R V H D HDIUL llion) pper)
K R
& FKRR rth D V i
$JRRGERRNLVD GUHDP
\RX entwo WKDW
\RXKROGLQ\RXUKDQG
(W
(Neil Gaiman)

3 GW. Choose the correct tense form.

:Hhad discussedhave been dicussingWKLVTXHVWLRQIRUDQKRXU
+RZORQJhas Ted learned /has Ted been learning German?
1XUD\KDVUHDGKDVEHHQUHDGLQJDQH[FLWLQJVWRU\VLQFHPRUQLQJ
:KHUHhave they gone/have they been going"
:KDWhas Tunar watched/has Tunar been watchingRQ79IRUDQKRXU"
7XUDO¶VPRWKHUhas done/has been doing WKHVDPHMREIRU\HDUV
7KH\have known/have been knowing HDFKRWKHUIRUDORQJWLPH
+RZORQJhas it rainedhas it been raining"
3XEOLVKHUVhave used/have been using FRPSXWHUVWRSURGXFHERRNVIRU
WZHQW\\HDUV
6KDPVhas read/ has been reading DERRN³7KH%R\LQWKH6WULSHG
3\MDPDV´IRUWZRGD\V

60
 4 PW. Ask and write Wh/How questions working in pairs.
Model:Kate / to watch an interesting show on TV.
What has Kate been doing?
)DLJDQG-DOHWRGLVFXVVWKHLUIXWXUHSODQVIRUWZRKRXUV
6HPUDWRUHDGDQLQWHUHVWLQJVWRU\VLQFHPRUQLQJ
6XOH\PDQWRSDLQWDSRUWUDLWIRUDZHHN
.HYLQ¶VIDWKHUWRORRNIRUDMREVLQFH0D\
0XKDPPDGWRDQVZHUTXHVWLRQVDERXWOLWHUDWXUHIRUPLQXWHV
1XUDQDWRWKLQNDERXWVRPHSUREOHPVVLQFHOXQFKWLPH
0\SDUHQWVWROLVWHQWRIRONPXVLFVLQFH,FDPHIURPVFKRRO

5 GW. Read the idioms about books and match them with their
definitions. Give comments on them.

WRUHDGVRPHRQH
DWRGUDZFRQFOXVLRQDERXWWKHZULWHU¶VIHHOLQJVIURP
OLNHDERRN
WKHPDQQHUDQGWRQHRIWKHZRUNDQGQRWIURPKLV
WRJRE\WKHERRN DFWXDOZRUGV
EWREHIXOORIPHDQLQJ
DFORVHGERRN F WR DFW LQ VWULFW DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH UXOHV DQG
UHJXODWLRQV
WRVSHDNYROXPHV GDVXEMHFWDERXWZKLFKRQHNQRZVQRWKLQJ
DP\VWHU\
WRUHDGEHWZHHQWKH HWRNQRZH[DFWO\ZKDWVRPHRQHLVWKLQNLQJHYHQ
OLQHV EHIRUHKHKDVVSRNHQ

6 IW. Write a paragraph “ Fiction can give us a deeper understanding of

real things” looking through the model.
Model:
  7R UHDG  ¿FWLRQ  LV MXVW DV LPSRUWDQW DV QRQ¿FWLRQ )LFWLRQ FDQ DFWXDOO\ WHDFK XV
DERXW UHDO WKLQJV ,W DOVR KHOSV XV GHYHORS RXU FUHDWLYLW\ DQG H[SUHVV RXU HPRWLRQV
)LFWLRQ FDQ DOVR WHDFK XV DERXW UHDO WKLQJV DQG JLYH XV D GHHSHU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ  RI
WKHP1RQ¿FWLRQWHOOVXVRQO\IDFWV1RYHOVRQWKHRWKHUKDQGFDQWHOOXVVRPHIDFWV
DQGDOVRDERXWZKDWWKRVHIDFWVUHDOO\PHDQRUPHDQWWRSHRSOH5HDGLQJ¿FWLRQKHOSV
XVGHYHORSRXUFUHDWLYLW\:KHQZHUHDGVWRULHVZHWU\WRLPDJLQHZKDWWKHSODFHV
DQGFKDUDFWHUVORRNOLNH:HDOVRWU\WRLPDJLQHZKDWLWIHHOVOLNHWROLYHDFKDUDFWHU
V
OLIH 'HYHORSLQJ FUHDWLYLW\ LV MXVW DV LPSRUWDQW DV NQRZLQJ D ORW RI IDFWV:KHQ ZH
UHDGURPDQFHVWUDJHGLHVRUFRPHGLHVZHUHDGDERXWIHHOLQJVWKDWZHRXUVHOYHVKDYH
5HDGLQJKHOSVXVPRUHWRH[SORUHDOOWKHVHIHHOLQJV$QG,WKLQNLWFDQJLYHXVDPLUURU
IRURXUHPRWLRQDOOLYHVWRR
,WLVLPSRUWDQWWROHDUQIDFWVEXWLWLVDOVRLPSRUWDQWWRGHYHORSFUHDWLYLW\DQGH[SORUH
IHHOLQJV:HVKRXOGDOOUHDGDZLGHUDQJHRIWKLQJVWRGHHSHQRXUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRI
RXUVHOYHVDQGWKHZRUOGDURXQGXV

61
 Assessment

1 PW. Read the text, define its style and answer the questions.

7KH%R\LQWKH6WULSHG3\MDPDV
(by John Boyne)

1. I have recently read a book called “The Boy in the

Striped Pyjamas”. It is a bestseller by an Irish author called
John Boyne.
2. I’d like to recommend this book to people who enjoy
drama and realism. It’s set in Poland during the Second
World War and the main characters are two young boys - a
German boy called Bruno and a Polish boy called Samuel.
The plot centres on the relationship between the boys and the
dierent situations which they are in.
3. I particularly enjoyed the characters and the theme
of friendship in the novel. Some of the scenes are memorable because they are
really strong, but the style and plot are very simple because a child narrates the
story.
4. All in all*, I really enjoyed the novel and I wouldn’t change the plot or
characters. This is an easy book to read, with a strong ending and a clear message.
1. Which paragraphs express opinions and which express facts?
2. Which paragraph describes the setting and characters?
3. Which paragraph mentions the theme?
4. Who would enjoy this novel?

2 PW. Find the topic sentences in each paragraph, then replace the topic
sentences with a-f. There is one sentence that you don’t need.

a) The things I liked most about the book were the characters and the theme
of friendship.
b) The book can appeal to people who like drama and realism.
c) In conclusion , I really liked the novel.
d) The setting takes place during the Second World War and the characters
are very realistic.
e) I’d like to recommend the book “The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas”
which I’ve read recently.
f) I’d recommend you to wear striped pyjamas.

3 Write an essay on your favourite book using the new words/

expressions.

62 *all in all - generally, in general, on the whole

 Lesson 2. Do You Like Sagas?

What you’ll learn:

‡:KDWDVDJDDPLQLVDJDLV
‡:KDWWKHRULJLQRIVDJDVLV
‡:KDWWKHUROHRIVDJDVLV
‡:KDWWKHSRVLWLRQRIDGMHFWLYHVDQGDGYHUEVLQVHQWHQFHVLV
‡+RZWRZULWHSDUDJUDSKVDURXQGDWRSLF
‡+RZWRXVHYRFDEXODU\UHODWHGWRWKHWRSLF
‡+RZWRH[SUHVVRSLQLRQVDERXWVDJDV

Word File:
EHJ>EHܳ@(v) ask smb very strongly or anxiously for smth
FRQIURQWDWLRQ>‫ޙ‬N‫ܥ‬QIU‫ݞ‬Q‫ޖ‬WHܼ‫ݕ‬Q@(n) a situation where there is angry
disagreement, a hostile or argumentative meeting or situation
between opposing parties, syn: conict.
GHDOZLWKVPE>‫ޖ‬GLOZܼè@(v) take appropriate action in a particular situation
or according to who you are talking to, managing, etc. syn: handle
IUDQWLF>‫ޖ‬IU QWܼN@(adj) very worried, unable to control your emotions because
you are frightened or worried about smth
KRXVHNHHSHU>‫ޖ‬KD‫ݜ‬VNL‫ޝ‬Sԥ@(n) a woman employee in charge of a house or a hotel
LPPHGLDWHO\>ܼ‫ޖ‬PL‫ޝ‬GLԥWOL@(adv) without delay; at once
LQFUHDVLQJO\>ܼQ‫ޖ‬NUL‫ޝ‬VܼƾOL@(adv) to an increasing extent; more and more.
syn: progressively
PDVWHU>‫ޖ‬P‫ޝܤ‬VWԥ@(n) a person who is skilled at smth
RULJLQDWH>ԥ‫ޖ‬UܼG‫ܼݤ‬QHܼW@(v) to happen or appear for the rst time in a particular
place or situation; syn: have a specic beginning/origin, arise, begin
SRRGOH>‫ޖ‬SX‫ޝ‬GO@(n) a dog with very curly hair
URPDQWLFL]H>U‫ޖܧ‬P QWܼ‫ޙ‬VDܼ]@Ydeal with or describe in an idealized or unrealistic
fashion: make smth seem better or more appealing than it really is.
XQEHOLHYDEO\>‫ݞޙ‬QEܼ‫ޖ‬OL‫ޝ‬YԥEOL@(adv) incredibly, improbably

1 IW. Listen and find out how many syllables. Practise and write the
words in the correct column.
>J@JOREDO JUDWLWXGHJORVVDU\ JUDYLW\EHJ
>G‫@ݤ‬RULJLQDWHODQJXDJHJHQHUDWLRQSOHGJHVWDJH
>V@LQFUHDVLQJO\URPDQWLVL]HGOLFHQVHPDVWHUVDJD
>L‫@ޝ‬LPPHGLDWHO\KRXVHNHHSHULQFUHDVHGHDOXQEHOLHYDEO\
V\OODEOH V\OODEOHV V\OODEOHV V\OODEOHV V\OODEOHVPRUH
• blog • language • gratitude • originate • unbelievably
• • • • •
63
 Listening/Speaking

2 GW. Listen to the mini sagas and match the titles 1-3 with A-C.

*HQHUDWLRQ*DS *RRG,QWHQWLRQV :ULWWHQLQWKH&DUGV

 $BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
6KHUHFRJQL]HGWKHZULWLQJRQWKHHQYHORSHLPPHGLDWHO\7KH*\SV\KDGZDUQHG
KHUWKDWVKHKDGQRIXWXUHZLWKWKLVPDQ\HWKHUHKHZDV¿YHORQHO\\HDUVDIWHUWKHLU
ODVWPHHWLQJEHJJLQJKHUWRMRLQKLPLQ1HZ<RUN6KHIHOWXQEHOLHYDEO\KDSS\DV
VKHVWHSSHGRQWKHERDUGRIWKH Titanic
 %BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
+H ZDV ZRUULHG 8QIRUWXQDWHO\ VLQFH KLV ZLIH¶V GHDWK KLV WHHQDJH  GDXJK
WHU KDG EHFRPH  LQFUHDVLQJO\ GL൶ FXOW 7KH\ KDG DJUHHG  DP DV WKH ODWHVW
UHWXUQ WLPH IURP QLJKWFOXEV ,W ZDV QRZ  +H SUHSDUHG KLPVHOI  IRU
FRQIURQWDWLRQDVWKHGRRURSHQHG´'DG´VKHVKRXWHGDQJULO\³,¶YHEHHQIUDQWLF
<RX¶UHODWHDJDLQ´
 &BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
0\ KRXVH ORRNV DV LI LW¶V EHHQ  KLW E\ D ERPE 6LQFH ,¶P KRSHOHVV DW RUJDQL]LQJ
,ERXJKWDQHZERRNZKLFKFDQEHDNH\WRRUJDQL]LQJ\RXUOLIH,IHOWVRSURXG,
VWDUWHGFOHDQLQJWKHERRNFDVH)LYHPLQXWHVODWHU,FRXOGQ¶WEHOLHYHP\H\HV,¶G
ERXJKWWKHVDPHERRNODVW\HDU

3 PW. Explain each story in your own words and answer:

Which story do you like most/least? And Why?
4 GW. Look at the highlighted adverbs or adverbial phrases in the stories.
Think and notice their position in the sentence and say what they mean.
Then write them in correct place in the chart. (See Task 2 above)
*5$00$532,17
Model:

7\SHVRI$GYHUEV 6DPSOHV

7LPH QRZ ‡
(When things happen) LPPHGLDWHO\ ‡
0DQQHU VORZO\ ‡
(How you do something) ‡
)UHTXHQF\ DOZD\V ‡
(How often something happens) VRPHWLPHV ‡
'HJUHH YHU\ ‡
(Describing/modifying an adjective) XQEHOLHYDEO\ ‡
&RPPHQW OXFNLO\ ‡
(Giving an opinion about a phrase) ‡

64
 Reading
1 GW. Read the passage and define its style. Search for more information
about sagas and give your opinion.

6DJDVDUHVWRULHVPRVWO\DERXWDQFLHQW1RUGLFDQG*HUPDQLFKLVWRU\DERXW
HDUO\ 9LNLQJ YR\DJHV WKH EDWWOHV WKDW WRRN SODFH GXULQJ WKH YR\DJHV DERXW
PLJUDWLRQ WR ,FHODQG DQG FRQÀLFWV EHWZHHQ ,FHODQGLF IDPLOLHV 7KH\ DUH
VRPHWLPHV URPDQWLFLVHG DQG IDQWDVWLF EXW DOZD\V GHDOLQJ ZLWK KXPDQ
EHLQJVWKDWFDQEHXQGHUVWRRG7KHWHUPVDJDRULJLQDWHVIURPWKH1RUVHVDJDDQG
UHIHUVWRZKDWLVVDLGVWDWHPHQWRUVWRU\WDOHKLVWRU\,WLVFRQQHFWHGZLWK
UHODWHGWRWKH(QJOLVKZRUG“saw”DVLQROGDSKRULVP+RZHYHUPRVWVFKRODUVQRZ
EHOLHYHWKHVDJDVZHUHFRQVFLRXVDUWLVWLFFUHDWLRQVEDVHGRQERWKRUDODQGZULWWHQ
WUDGLWLRQV
$PLQLVDJDLVDVWRU\ZKLFKPXVWEHWROGLQH[DFWO\ZRUGV7KHRULJLQDO
LGHDFDPHIURPVFLHQFH¿FWLRQZULWHU%ULDQ$OGLVVDQGWKH%ULWLVKQHZVSDSHU
³7KH'DLO\7HOHJUDSK´WKDWKDVUXQVHYHUDOPLQLVDJDFRPSHWLWLRQV

COMPARE AND REMEMBER!

$GYHUEDGMHFWLYH $GYHUEDGYHUE
• reasonably cheap • incredibly quickly
• extremely good • suprisingly easily
• surprisingly easy • completely easily
• terribly sorry • absolutely angrily
• awfully sorry • really foolishly
Samples: Samples:
• Her examination was surprisingly easy. • My brother learns foreign languages
• I’mawfully sorryabout what happened. incredibly quickly.

2 GW. Read and find out the proper place of adverbs in the following
sentences.

+HVSHDNVWKUHHODQJXDJHV DÀXHQWO\
,KDYHEUHDNIDVWGXULQJWKHZHHN EKDUGO\HYHU
0\EURWKHUKDGDFDUFUDVKEXWKHZDVQ¶WKXUW FIRUWXQDWHO\
,W¶VRIWHQKRWLQ*UHHFHLQ-XO\DQG$XJXVW GH[WUHPHO\
:KHQ,NQRZWKHGDWH,¶OOFDOO\RX HVWUDLJKWDZD\
+HUVFRUHZDVKLJK IVXUSULVLQJO\
7KHSROLFHWRRNWKHUREEHUWRWKHSROLFHVWDWLRQ JLPPHGLDWHO\
+HUPRWKHULQODZLVIULHQGO\ KXQEHOLHYDEO\

65
 COMPARE AND REMEMBER!

$GMHFWLYH $GMHFWLYHO\ $GYHUE Note:Not all words ending

-ly are adverbs. Some words
TXLFN TXLFNO\ ending in “ly” are adjectives,
TXLHW TXLHWO\ too.
VORZ VORZO\ Sample:
HDV\ HDVLO\ • Sara is a very friendly
• Sam is a careful driver. • He drives carefully. girl.(adj)

Note: We use adjectives after the verbs: to be, to get, to look, to become,
to feel, to sound, to smell, to taste, to seem
Sample: The dinner smells bad. You look serious. Be careful., HWF.
7KHVHZRUGVDUHERWKDGMHFWLYHV These words are adverbs and they are used
DQGDGYHUEV&RPSDUH only in positive degree.
IDVW IDVW ODWHO\KLJKO\
KDUG KDUG VKRUWO\QHDUO\
ODWH ODWH Note:“hardly”KDVDQHJDWLYHPHDQLQJDQG
HDUO\ HDUO\ LVRIWHQXVHGZLWKZRUGV³DQ\´DQG³HYHU´,W
VKRXOGQRWEHXVHGZLWKRWKHUQHJDWLYHZRUGV
• He hardly ever does anything interesting.
• He is a fast • He runs fast. • The workers are KLJKO\ paid.
runner. • He tried hard • The facts wereVKRUWO\mentioned.
• It’s hard work. to nd a job.

3 CW. Choose the correct variant looking through “Compare and

Remember” box.
7KH\GLGQ¶WJRRXWEHFDXVHLWZDVUDLQLQJ
DVORZ EVORZO\ FKDUGO\ GKHDYLO\
.1XUDQDOHDUQVIRUHLJQODQJXDJHV
DLQFUHGLEO\TXLFNO\ETXLFNO\LQFUHGLEOHFLQFUHGLEOHTXLFNO\GTXLFN
,FDQ¶WKHDU\RX&RXOG\RXUHSHDWWKDWLQDYRLFH"
DKLJK EVORZO\ FORXG GORXGO\
7KHELUGVFDQÀ\
DKLJK EKLJKO\ FQHDUO\ GKDUGO\
.DWH¶VJUDQGIDWKHULVYHU\ROG+HFDQZDONLQWKHSDUN
DVORZO\ EKDUGO\ FQHDUO\ GODWHO\
$QQKDVMXVWUHDGWKHLQVWUXFWLRQV
DIULHQGO\EFDUHIXOO\ FQHDUO\ GKDUGO\
0\IULHQGJHWVUHDOO\LQWKHZLQWHUDVKHUIDPLO\OLYHDEURDG
DOLYHO\ EORYHO\ FORQHO\ GIULHQGO\
0XUDGORRNHGZKHQ,VDZKLP+HORRNHGDWPH
DVDGO\VDGEVDGVDG FVDGVDGO\GVDGO\VDGO\
66
 Writing/Test Your Memory

1 GW. Fill in the gaps with the correct adverbs from the box comparing
the difference between them.

at the moment/actually especially/specially

ever/even hard/hardly
late/lately near/nearly
still/yet in the end/at the end

D+HU)UHQFKLVQ¶WYHU\JRRG6KHFDQBBBBVD\DQ\WKLQJ
E+HZRUNVYHU\BBBBDWOHDVWWHQKRXUVDGD\
D0\ERVVDOZD\VDUULYHVBBBBIRUPHHWLQJV
E:HKDYHQ¶WVHHQ0DU\BBBB6KHKDVEHHQYHU\EXV\
DBBBRIWKHFRQFHUWHYHU\ERG\DSSODXGHG
E,GLGQ¶WZDQWWRJREXWBBBBWKH\SHUVXDGHGPH
D,ORYHDOOVSRUWVEXWBBBEDVNHWEDOO
E$OOKHUFORWKHVDUHBBBBPDGHIRUKHULQ3DULV
D1LOD\ORRNV\RXQJHUWKDQPHEXWBBVKH¶VWZR\HDUVROGHU
E+H¶VXQHPSOR\HGBBBEXWKH¶VORRNLQJIRUDMRE
D,W¶VBBBVWRSSHGUDLQLQJ:H¶OOEHDEOHWROHDYHVRRQ
E'RHV\RXUIULHQGOLYHBBBKHUH"
D+DYH\RXIRXQGDÀDWBBBB"
E1RZH¶UHBBBORRNLQJ
D+DYH\RXBBBEHHQWR7H[DV"
E,¶YHEHHQDOORYHUWKH86$,¶YHBBBEHHQWR$ODVND

2 CW/PW. Fill in the gaps with the given adverbs.

7KHUHZDVDORWRIWUD൶
FEXWZHDUULYHGRQWLPH a) absolutely
b) especially
:HZDQWWRJRDEURDGWKLVVXPPHUVRPHZKHUHKRW c) incredibly
,W¶VHDV\HYHQDFKLOGFRXOGGRLW d) already (2)
e) ideally
,WKRXJKWKHZDV3RUWXJXHVHEXWKH¶V%UD]LOLDQ
f) extremely
<RXVDLGWKH\¶GJRQHEXWWKH\DUHVWLOOKHUH g) apparently
:KHQVKHJRWWRWKHEXVVWRSWKHEXVKDGOHIW h) actually
i) fortunately
,ORYH,WDOLDQIRRGSL]]D k) denitely

67
 Writing

3 CW/IW. Group the adverbs and complete the table.

XQIRUWXQDWHO\ KDSSLO\ LGHDOO\ QHDUO\ QHDU MXVW

EULOOLDQWO\ IRUWXQDWHO\ FOHDUO\ ODWHO\ DOLWWOH ODWH
VHULRXVO\ KHDOWKLO\ TXLFNO\ HDVLO\ VRRQ VRRQ
LQFUHGLEO\ \HVWHUGD\ OXFNLO\ QHYHU HYHU \HW
FDUHIXOO\ VSHFLDOO\ EDGO\ RIWHQ ZHOO KDUG
QRUPDOO\ VORZO\ KDUGO\ VDGO\ XVXDOO\ HDUO\

7LPH 0DQQHU )UHTXHQF\ &RPPHQW 'HJUHH

• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •

4 IW. A) Write a mini saga on the given headings using adverbs.

(see task 1, page 65).
5HYH
GD\ QJH
$+ROL H 6ZHH LV
F W
5RPDQ LQ
JD
7KH/L HU$
H 1HY

B) Think of a plot. Then write a first draft without worrying about the
number of words. Try to add words until the story is in the right
length. Write your final version. Then compare it with your mates’
sagas.
C) Write what kind of writing style it is.

5 PW. Correct the mistakes and rewrite the sentences. Give explanation.
0\HOGHUEURWKHUGULYHVKLVFDUFDUHIXO
7KHVHELUGVFDQÀ\KLJKO\
-DQH¶VJUDQGIDWKHULVQHDU
,WZDVUDLQLQJKHDY\DWWKDWWLPH\HVWHUGD\
+LV*HUPDQLVQ¶WJRRG+HFDQ¶WVD\KDUGDQ\WKLQJ
.DWH¶VIULHQGLVXQEHOLHYDEOHIULHQGO\

68
 Lesson 3. Literary World Of Azerbaijan

What you’ll learn:

‡$ERXWWKHOLWHUDU\ZRUOGRI$]HUEDLMDQ
‡$ERXWWKHUROHRIRXUFODVVLFVLQ/LWHUDWXUH
‡$ERXWWKHPRVWIDPRXVZULWHUVSRHWVRI$]HUEDLMDQ
‡$ERXWWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIWKHLUERRNVZRUNV
‡$ERXWFKDQJLQJVHQWHQFHVIURP4XRWHGLQWR5HSRUWHGVSHHFK
‡+RZWRZULWHSDUDJUDSKVDURXQGDWRSLF
‡+RZWRXVHYRFDEXODU\UHODWHGWRWKHWRSLF

Word File:
EUHHG>EUL‫ޝ‬G@(n) a stock of animals or plants within a species having a distinctive
appearance syn: variety, stock, type, kind, sort
GHGLFDWH>‫ޖ‬GHGܼNHܼW@(v) yourself/smth to smth/to doing smth - to give a lot of your
time and eort to a particular activity or purpose, to devote
GHULYH>Gܼ‫ޖ‬UDܼY@(v) get smth from smth.
G\QDVW\>‫ޖ‬GܼQԥVWL@(n) a series of rulers of a country who all belong to
the same family.
LQFOXVLYHQHVV>ܼQ‫ޖ‬NOX‫ޝ‬VܼYQԥV@(n) including or covering all the services, facilities,
or items normally expected or required
QRWDEOH>‫ޖ‬Qԥ‫ݜ‬WԥEO@(adj) worthy of attention or notice; syn: remarkable,
outstanding, signicant, spectacular
SHQQDPH>‫ޖ‬SHQ‫ޖ‬QHܼP@(n) a name used by a writer instead of their real
name. syn: nickname, assumed name, professional name
SUHFHGH>SUܼ‫ޖ‬VL‫ޝ‬G@(v) happen before something or come before something/
somebody in order
VWXG>‫ޖ‬VW‫ݞ‬G@(n) an animal, especially a horse that is kept for breeding;
the place where animals, especially horses are kept for breeding
VSRQVRU>‫ޖ‬VS‫ܥ‬QVԥ@(v) provide funds for (a project or activity or the person
carrying it out). syn: nance, support, contribute, fund
ZHOOYHUVHG>ZHOYԥ‫ޝ‬VW@(adj) having a lot of knowledge about smth,
or skill at smth.

1 CW/IW. Listen and practise.

> @QDUUDWLYHSDWWHUQSODWIRUPKD]DUGDWWDFK
>L@EUHHGH[WUHPHDSSHDO JUHHG ZHHG
>V@SUHFHGHVSRQVRUG\QDVW\ZHOOYHUVHGVWXG
>N@GHGLFDWH LQFOXVLYHQHVVSURMHFWFRQWULEXWHSUDFWLVH
69
 Listening/Speaking

2 PW. Answer the question and speak about them looking through
the model.
Model: ‡Who are the people in the pictures?

$  6KDK ,VPDLO WKH )LUVW ZDV QRW RQO\ D JUHDW 6KDK D

VWDWHVPDQ DQG D PLOLWDU\  OHDGHU WKH IRXQGHU RI WKH 6DIDYLGV
G\QDVW\ EXW DOVR D WDOHQWHG SRHW RI KLV WLPH +H ZDV RQH RI
WKH ¿UVW$]HUEDLMDQL SRHWV ZKR ZURWH WKH SRHPV LQ KLV QDWLYH
ODQJXDJHLQ$]HUEDLMDQL:ULWLQJXQGHUWKHSHQQDPHRI.KDWDL
KHSURGXFHGDODUJHYROXPHRIO\ULFSRHWU\LQ$]HUEDLMDQL+LV
ZHOONQRZQ“Dah-name” (Ten Letters)ZDVWKH¿UVWORYHSRHP
ZULWWHQLQ$]HUEDLMDQL,WSUHFHGHG0XKDPPDG)L]XOL¶V³/H\OL
DQG0HMQXQ´%HVLGHVKHZURWH³7KH%RRNRI0RUDOV´

% 0LUYDULG'LOED]LZDVRQHRIWKHJUHDWHVW$]HUEDLMDQLSRHWV
0LUYDULG'LOED]LZURWHQXPHURXVSRHPVDQGFKLOGUHQ¶VERRNV
VXFK DV “First Spring” ³Love for Motherland” ³Memories”
³Dream of the Master”³Images of Life”³Algerian Girl”“To
My Younger Fellows”³Spring is Coming”HWF0LUYDULG'LOED]L
DOVRWUDQVODWHGZRUNVE\VXFKZULWHUVDV3XVKNLQ.KDJDQLDQG
1L]DPL ,Q  VKH ZDV JLYHQ WKH +RQRXUDU\ WLWOH ³People’s
Poet of Azerbaijan”.

&  6DPDG 9XUJKXQ D JUHDW SRHW D SOD\ZULJKW DQG DQ

DFDGHPLFLDQ ZKR WUXO\ EHORQJHG WR KLV SHRSOH PDUNHG D
QHZVWDJHLQWKHKLVWRU\RI$]HUEDLMDQ¶VSRHWU\DQGOLWHUDWXUH
6DPDG9XUJKXQ¶VEHVWNQRZQZRUNVDUHKLVKHURLFGUDPDV
“Vagif”, “Farhad and Shirin”“Khanlar”WKHSRHPV“ Basti”,
“Komsomol”,“Mughan” and others.

70
 GRAMMAR POINT
5HSRUWHG6SHHFKUHIHUVWRUHSURGXFLQJZRUGVH[DFWO\DVWKH\ZHUH
RULJLQDOO\VSRNHQ (Quoted Speech is “Direct Speech”.
Reported Speech is “Indirect Speech”)
(a)8VHDFRPPDDIWHUVKHsays/said&DSLWDOL]HWKH¿UVWZRUGRIWKHTXRWHGVHQWHQFH
3XWWKH¿QDOTXRWDWLRQPDUNVRXWVLGHWKHSHULRGDWWKHHQGRIWKHVHQWHQFH
(b)8VHDFRPPDQRWDSHULRGDWWKHHQGRIWKHTXRWHGVHQWHQFHZKHQLWSUHFHGHV
VKHsays/said
(c),IWKHTXRWHGVHQWHQFHLVGLYLGHGE\ VKHsays/saidXVHDFRPPDDIWHUWKH¿UVW
SDUWRIWKHTXRWH'RQ¶WFDSLWDOL]HWKH¿UVWZRUGDIWHUshe says/said.
:HXVXDOO\LQWURGXFH5HSRUWHG6SHHFKZLWKWKHYHUEVWHOOZKHQWKHUHLVDSHUVRQ
DSURQRXQDVDQREMHFWDQGVD\ZKHQWKHUHLVQRSHUVRQSURQRXQDVDQREMHFW
³7KDW´LVRSWLRQDOWRXVH
Note::KHQWKHUHSRUWLQJYHUELVLQWKH3UHVHQW)XWXUHRU3UHVHQW3HUIHFW
WHQVHVQRFKDQJHVDUHPDGH
‡She says, “My brother is a student.” ‡She says (that) her brother is a student.
‡The teacher says to us, “Samad Vur ‡The teacher tells us (that ) Samad
ghun is a great poet of Azerbaijan.” Vurghun is a great poet of Azerbaijan.
‡He says,”I’ll be a lawyer when I grow ‡He says (that) he will be a lawyer when
up.” he grows up.
‡He says, ³6KDK,VPDLOWKH)LUVWZDVD ‡He says Shah Ismail the First was a
WDOHQWHGSRHWRIKLVWLPH´ talented poet of his time.

3 PW. Listen and practise changing the sentences into Reported Speech.

6HPUDVD\V³6DPDG9XUJKXQ¶VGUDPDVDUHYHU\SRSXODU´ "

$QDUVD\V³0LUYDULG'LOED]LZDVRQHRIWKHJUHDWHVW
$]HUEDLMDQLSRHWV´ "

7KHWHDFKHUVD\V³&KLQJL]$EGXOOD\HYLVDZHOONQRZQ
GHWHFWLYHZULWHU´ "

7KHVWXGHQWVVD\³:HFDQVSHDN(QJOLVKZHOO´ "

1XUD\VD\V³,OLNHUHDGLQJPRGHUQOLWHUDWXUH´ "

71
4 GW. Listen to the students’ ideas and complete the first and second
columns of the KWL box. Use Reported structures.

:KDW,:DQWWR :KDW,
:KDW,.QRZ
.QRZ /HDUQHG
 1L]DPL*DQMDYL • What do you know •
• was the 12th - century Azerbaijani poet about Nizami •
• wrote Quinary/Five Jewels (Khamsa) Ganjavi’s great •
works? •
 .KXUVKLGEDQX1DWDYDQ • Which of her •
• was born in Shusha. poems is her •
• one of the best lyric poets of Azerbaijan. masterpiece? •
• humanism, kindness, friendship and •
love were the main themes of Natavan’s • What about her •
ghazals and rubayats. personal life? •
• many of Natavan’s poems are used in •
folk songs nowadays.
 6DPDG9DNLORY9XUJKXQ • What do you know •
• was born in Salahly village of the about Samad •
Gazakh region. Vurghun’s plays? •
• taught literature at village schools of • What did he mainly •
Gazakh, Ganja and Guba. glorify?

5 PW. Change the sentences into the Reported Speech and practise.

$\JXOVD\V³0DQ\RI1DWDYDQ¶V 6RQDVD\V³6DPDG9XUJKXQZDV
SRHPVDUHXVHGLQIRONVRQJVQRZDGD\V´ ERUQLQ*D]DNKLQ´

5DXOVD\V³+XPDQLVPNLQGQHVV 7KHWHDFKHUVD\V³1L]DPL*DQMDYL
IULHQGVKLSDQGORYHZHUHWKHPDLQ LVZHOONQRZQIRUKLV¿YHORQJ
WKHPHVRI1DWDYDQ¶VJKD]DOV QDUUDWLYHSRHPV´

6KDEQDPVD\V³0LU]D$ODNEDU6DELU 7XUDOVD\V³.KXUVKXGEDQX1DWDYDQ
ZDVDPDMRUIRONSRHWWKHLQLWLDWRURI ZDVRQHRIWKHEHVWO\ULFDOSRHWVRI
UHYROXWLRQDU\VDWLUHLQ$]HUEDLMDQ´ $]HUEDLMDQ´

0XUDGVD\V³6DPDG9XUJKXQ 6HYGDVD\V³1L]DPL*DQMDYLLV
VWXGLHGDW0RVFRZ6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\´ DQRXWVWDQGLQJSRHW´

72
 Reading

1 GW. Read, define the meaning of the words in bold. Explain how the
works of these writers/poets are actual and valuable nowadays.

$  1L]DPL *DQMDYL LV D JUHDW $]HUEDLMDQL SRHW

1L]DPL¶V KHULWDJH LV ZLGHO\ DSSUHFLDWHG LQ WKH OLWHUDU\
ZRUOG 1L]DPL LV WKH SHQQDPH RI ,O\DVLEQ<XVLI DQG LW
PHDQV ³RQH ZKR VWULQJV V\OODEOHV´ 1L]DPL ZDV QRW D
FRXUW SRHW %XW KH GHGLFDWHG KLV SRHPV WR YDULRXV UXOHUV
DVLWZDVWKHWUDGLWLRQRIWKDWWLPHIRUJUHDWSRHWVDQGKH
DYRLGHG FRXUW OLIH 1L]DPL ZDV D PDVWHU RI WKH 0DVQDYL
VW\OH double-rhymed verses +H LV ZHOONQRZQ IRU KLV
¿YH ORQJ QDUUDWLYH  SRHPV 7KH PDLQ RQH LV WKH )LYH
-HZHOV“Quinary ”DOVRNQRZQDV“Khamsa”7KH¿UVW 
RI  ¿YH “Treasures”  LV  FDOOHG “The Storehouse of Mysteries”. 7KH RWKHU
“Treasures”ZHUHPHGLHYDOURPDQFHV“Khosrow and Shirin”“Bahram-e Gur”
DQG“Alexander the Great”DSSHDUHGDJDLQKHUHLQWKHFHQWHURIWKUHHRUIRXURI
1L]DPL
V QDUUDWLYH SRHPV +H PRVWO\ JORUL¿HG KXPDQLVP ORYH MXVWLFH DQG KDUG
ZRUNLQKLVZRUNV

%  .KXUVKLGEDQX 1DWDYDQ ZDV WKH GDXJKWHU RI

0HKGLJXOX .KDQ WKH ODVW UXOHU RI WKH *DUDEDJK NKDQDWH
1DWDYDQPHDQV“Lady Sun”1DWDYDQZDVPRVWO\QRWDEOH
IRU KHU O\ULFDO JKD]DOV ,Q  VKH HVWDEOLVKHG D OLWHUDU\
FLUFOH LQ 6KXVKD ZKLFK XQLWHG DOO WKH SURJUHVVLYH SRHWV RI
WKHWLPH1DWDYDQ¶VJUDFHIXOVXEWOHYHUVHVVSHDNRIORYHDQG
WKHEHDXW\ORYHRIQDWXUH
1DWDYDQ ZDV FORVHO\ HQJDJHG LQ SKLODQWKURS\ DIWHU
 KHU IDWKHU¶V GHDWK SURPRWLQJ WKH VRFLDO DQG FXOWXUDO
GHYHORSPHQW RI *DUDEDJK ³.KXUVKXGEDQX¶V JORU\ SDVVHG RQ IURP JHQHUDWLRQ
WR JHQHUDWLRQ 7KH VSULQJV EXLOW E\ 1DWDYDQ ZHUH FDOOHG ³1DWDYDQ VSULQJV´ DQG
WKH\ ZHUH DOVR FRQVLGHUHG KLVWRULFDO PRQXPHQWV 1DWDYDQ DOVR IRXQGHG DQG
VSRQVRUHG OLWHUDU\ VRFLHWLHV QRW RQO\ LQ 6KXVKD EXW DOVR  LQ WKH ZKROH FRXQWU\
2QH RI WKHP FDOOHG “Majlis-i Uns”  “Society of Friends” EHFDPH HVSHFLDOO\
SRSXODU 1DWDYDQ DOVR GLG D ORW IRU WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH IDPRXV EUHHG RI
*DUDEDJK KRUVHV 6R KRUVHV IURP KHU VWXG ZHUH NQRZQ DV WKH EHVW LQ
$]HUEDLMDQ ,Q DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO VKRZ LQ 3DULV LQ  D *DUDEDJK KRUVH QDPHG
KhanIURP1DWDYDQ¶VVWXGUHFHLYHGDVLOYHUPHGDO

quinary [kwan
r](n) consisting of ve
73
 & )L]XOLZDVWKHSHQQDPHRIWKH$]HUEDLMDQLSRHW
ZULWHUDQGWKLQNHU0XKDPPDG%LQ6XOH\PDQ2QHRIWKH
JUHDWHVW FRQWULEXWRUV WR WKH 'vYkQ WUDGLWLRQ RI$]HUEDLMDQL
OLWHUDWXUH )L]XOL ZURWH KLV SRHPV KLV WKRXJKWV DQG SRLQWV
RI YLHZ LQ KLV QDWLYH $]HUEDLMDQL $UDELF DQG DOVR LQ
3HUVLDQ $OWKRXJK KLV 7XUNLF ZRUNV ZHUH ZULWWHQ LQ WKH
$]HUEDLMDQL GLDOHFW RI 7XUNLVK KH ZDV ZHOOYHUVHG LQ
ERWK WKH 2WWRPDQ DQG WKH &KDJDWDL 7XUNLF OLWHUDU\
WUDGLWLRQVDVZHOO+HDOVRXVHGDOOWKHJHQUHVDQGDUWLVWLF
 IRUPVNQRZQLQ0HGLHYDO2ULHQWDO/LWHUDWXUH+LVJKD]DOV
DQG O\ULF ZRUNV DUH IDPRXV DOO RYHU WKH ZRUOG +H ZDV DOVR ZHOOLQIRUPHG LQ
PDWKHPDWLFVDQGDVWURQRP\)L]XOL¶VSRHWU\LVDOVRQRWDEOHIRULWVLQFOXVLYHQHVV+H
ZDVDJDLQVWXQMXVWLFHLOOLWHUDF\DQGFUXHOUXOHUVHYHU\WLPH,QKLVZRUNVKHFDOOHG
SHRSOHWROLWHUDF\DQGNLQGQHVVDVKHZDVZHOOHGXFDWHGDOPRVWLQDOOVFLHQFHV

2 GW. Discuss and compare. (See task 1, page 73)

1L]DPL*DQMDYL¶VUHDOQDPHDQGYHUVHV +RZ)L]XOLEHFDPH
1L]DPL*DQMDYL¶VIDPRXVZRUNV ZHOONQRZQ
1L]DPL¶VIDPHWRGD\ )L]XOL¶VIDPRXVZRUNV
7KH6XPPDU\RI1L]DPL*DQMDYL¶V )L]XOL¶VOLWHUDU\DFWLYLW\
OLWHUDU\DFWLYLW\ 7KHSK\ORVRSK\LQKLVYHUVHV
1DWDYDQ¶VELUWKSODFH
1DWDYDQ¶VOLWHUDU\DQGVRFLDODFWLYLW\
1DWDYDQ¶VJUDFHIXOZRUNV
1DWDYDQ¶VLQWHUHVWDQGORYHWRQDWXUHDQGKRUVHV
3 GW/PW. Make a questionnaire about the literary life of these
poets/writers.
4 CW/IW. Use the new words from the Word File in your own sentences.

5 PW. Make a review of any writer/poet and complete the table.

Model:
$XWKRU :RUNV :KDWLWLV
3HUVRQDORSLQLRQV
(novel/poem/story) DERXW
&KLQJL]$EGXOOD\HY title: setting: outstanding
published: plot: excitement
I recommend it to those
kind of:
expresses: who are interested in
(detective story)
detectives.
characters: ...
very surprising/
ending:
exciting.

74 thinker [k
(r)] (n) a person who thinks in a particular way, philosopher
 Writing

1 GW. Follow the steps in the writing guide and make up a biography of
Mirvarid Dilbazi or details about another writer/poet you admire.

Writing Guide
Write:
Brainstorm and Plan:
3DUDJUDSKSummary of life
0LUYDULG'LOED]L¶VELUWKGD\ 3DUDJUDSKEducation and work
+HUOLWHUDU\DFWLYLW\ • The book is....
3DUDJUDSKMost famous for works
+HUVXFFHVVIXOZRUNV
• The things I like most .... .
7KHERRNVWUDQVODWHGE\KHU
3DUDJUDSKWhat he/she is famous
for today.
All in all, ... .
Check:
•phrases for facts and opinions
• glossary and vocabulary list on the books
• Direct and Indirect Speech in sentences.

2 GW/PW. Complete the chart with the information you have learnt about
our classics.
1DPH
1*DQMDYL .K1DWDYDQ 0)L]XOL RWKHU
6XUQDPH
Born 
Place *DQMD
Died 
Period WKFHQWXU\

5RPDQWLFHSLFSRHWU\
Genre
O\ULFSRHWU\

“The Five Jewels”

Notable Works “Quinary” RU
“Khamsa”

3 IW. Write an essay “My Favorite Writer/Poet and His/Her Literary Activity”.

75
4 GW. Read and write your points of view on the information using other
sources.

    6DPDG 9XUJKXQ RQH RI WKH JUHDWHVW SRHWV DQG

SOD\ZULJKWV  RI$]HUEDLMDQ RSHQHG D QHZ  VWDJH LQ WKH
KLVWRU\ RI $]HUEDLMDQ¶V SRHWU\ 6DPDG 9XUJKXQ¶V EHVW
NQRZQ  ZRUNV DUH KLV KHURLF GUDPDV “Vagif” “Farhad
and Shirin“Khanlar”WKHSRHPV“Basti”“Komsomol”
DQG “Mughan” “Appeal to the Youth” HWF. 7KH SRHW¶V
¿UVW ERRN ± “Poet’s Oath” ZDV SXEOLVKHG LQ  7KH
*UHDW 3DWULRWLF :DU ZDV RI WKH XWPRVW LPSRUWDQFH LQ
6DPDG9XUJKXQ
VOLIH0RUHWKDQSRHPVLQFOXGLQJ“The Legend of Baku”
ZHUH ZULWWHQ GXULQJ WKH ZDUWLPH /HDÀHWV RI KLV SRHP “To Partisans of The
Ukraine” ZHUH WKURZQ IURP DLUSODQH WR IRUHVWV LQ WKH 8NUDLQH WR VXSSRUW
SDUWLVDQV 6DPDG 9XUJKXQ¶V  SRHP “Farewell Speech of Mother”  UHFHLYHG
WKHKLJKHVWPDUNLQWKHFRQWHVWRIWKHEHVWDQWLZDUSRHPLQWKH86$LQ
7KHSRHPZDVFKRVHQDVRQHRIWKHEHVWSRHPVRIWKHZRUOGOLWHUDWXUH+H
DOZD\VJORUL¿HGKLVFRXQWU\ZLWKJUHDWORYHDQGDGPLUDWLRQ

5 CW/PW. Change the sentences into Indirect Speech and write.

The Teacher says:

³6DPDG9XUJKXQZDVERUQLQ´

³6DPDG9XUJKXQLVDIDPRXV$]HUEDLMDQSRHWGUDPDWLVW
DQGSXEOLF¿JXUH´
³6DPDG9XUJKXQWUDQVODWHG1L]DPL¶V³/H\OLDQG0DMQXQ´
SRHPLQ´
³69XUJKXQWUDQVODWHGDORWRISRHPVE\7DUDV6KHYFKHQNR
DQG0D[LP*RUN\´
 ³.KDQODU´ ZDV GHGLFDWHG WR UHYROXWLRQDU\ .KDQODU
6DIDUDOL\HY¶VOLIH´

³7KH/HJHQGRI%DNX´ZDVZULWWHQGXULQJWKHZDUWLPH´

³³)DUKDGDQG6KLULQ´DSRHWLFDOGUDPDEDVHGRQ1L]DPL¶V³.KRVURZ
DQG6KLULQ´ZDVZULWWHQLQ´
 ³6DPDG 9XUJKXQ WUDQVODWHG $63XVKNLQ¶V SRHP ³(XJHQH
2QHJLQ´LQWR$]HUEDLMDQLLQ´

76
 Lesson 4. Read From Birth to Death!

What you’ll learn:

‡:KRDUHWKHPRVWZRUOGIDPRXVZULWHUVSRHWVSOD\ZULJKWV
‡:K\WKHLUERRNVZRUNVDUHFRQVLGHUHGWREHVXFFHVVIXO
‡:KDWWKHLUERRNVZRUNVDUHEDVHGRQ
‡:KDWWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSURYHUEVD\LQJ“Read From Birth to Death!”LV
‡+RZZHFKDQJHVHQWHQFHVIURP4XRWHGLQWR5HSRUWHGVSHHFK
‡+RZWRZULWHSDUDJUDSKVDURXQGWKHPRVWZRUOGIDPRXVZULWHUVSOD\ZULJKWV
‡+RZWRXVHYRFDEXODU\UHODWHGWRWKHWRSLF
‡+RZWRH[SUHVVRSLQLRQVDERXWWKHZRUOGIDPRXVZULWHUVSRHWVSOD\ZULJKWV

Word File:
DPDWHXU>‫ޖ‬ PԥWԥ@(n) a person who does smth for pleasure not for money or
as a profession
EHPDGDERXW>ELP Gԥ‫ޖ‬E‫ܤ‬XW@ be crazy, be furious
IDEXORXV>‫ޖ‬I EMԥOԥV@(adj) extremely good
¿FWLRQDO>‫ޖ‬IܼN‫ݕ‬ԥQԥO@(adj) not real or true; existing only in stories
KRQRXUHG>‫ܥޖ‬QԥG@(adj) respected and admired by smb
KXPRURXV>‫ޖ‬KMX‫ޝ‬PԥUԥV@(adj)funny and entertaining; showing a sense of humour
LPDJLQDWLYH>ܼ‫ޖ‬P G‫ܼݤ‬QԥWܼY@(adj) having or showing new and exciting ideas,
creative, inspired, inventive
LQVSLUH>ܼQ‫ޖ‬VSDܼԥU@(v) give somebody the desire, condence or enthusiasm
to do something well
LQYHQWLYH>ܼQ‫ޖ‬YHQWܼY@(adj) able to think of new and interesting ideas
keep smb in suspense
PLQHU>‫ޖ‬PDܼQԥU@(n) a person who works in a mine taking out coal,
gold, diamonds, etc.
PLVOHDG>‫ޙ‬PܼV‫ޖ‬OL‫ޝ‬G@(v) give somebody the wrong idea or impression and make
them believe something that is not true
QRYHOLVW>‫ޖ‬Q‫ܥ‬YԥOܼVW@(n) a person who writes novels
SLFN>SܼN@(n) an act of choosing something
UHPDUNDEOH>Uܼ‫ޖ‬P‫ޝܤ‬NԥEO@(adj) unusual or surprising in a way that causes
people to take notice, syn: astonishing
VXVSHQVH>Vԥ‫ޖ‬VSHQV@(n) a feeling of worry or excitement that you have when
you feel that something is going to happen, somebody is going to tell
you some news, etc.
VXVSHQVHIXO>VԥV‫ޖ‬SHQVIXO@(adj) thrilling, exciting, suspensive, suspicious,
doubtful, worried
YLYLG>‫ޖ‬YܼYܼG@(adj) producing very clear pictures in your mind

77
 Listening/Speaking
1 GW. Listen and talk about these personalities looking through the
model.
5HDG5HDGDQG5HDG
• Read things that you like, not boring stu!
• The more you read, the quicker you progress! It’s as simple as that.
• ³5HDGDQGOHDUQIURPELUWKWRGHDWK´  (www.stgeorges.co.uk.)

Model:
0DUN7ZDLQLVRQHRIWKHPRVWIDPRXV$PHULFDQDXWKRUV+H
ZURWHPDQ\ERRNVLQFOXGLQJ³7KH$GYHQWXUHVRI7RP6DZ\HU´
0DUN7ZDLQ¶VRZQOLIHZDVLQWHUHVWLQJHQRXJKWREHDERRN
,QKHZHQWWR&DOLIRUQLDWR¿QGJROG7ZDLQGLGQRWKDYH
PXFKOXFNDVDJROGPLQHU+HOHIW&DOLIRUQLDWRWUDYHOLQ(XURSH
7ZDLQZURWHDERRNDERXWKLVWULSVDURXQG(XURSH%XWWKHPRVW
LPSRUWDQW LQÀXHQFH RQ7ZDLQ DQG KLV ERRNV HVSHFLDOO\“Life on
the Mississippi”ZDVPDGHE\WKH0LVVLVVLSSL5LYHU

&KDUORWWH %URQWH LV D IDPRXV (QJOLVK ZULWHU 6KH JUHZ XS
LQ D SRRU IDPLO\ DQG OLYHG LQ D YHU\ KDUG FRQGLWLRQ &KDUORWWH
VWXGLHG LQ D VFKRRO IRU SRRU FKLOGUHQ ZLWK KHU WZR VLVWHUV
&KLOGUHQ ZHUH RIWHQ KXQJU\ DQG LOO LQ WKDW VFKRRO +HU VLVWHUV
GLHG DQG ODWHU &KDUORWWH GHVFULEHG WKH VFKRRO OLIH LQ KHU QRYHO
“Jane Eyre”6KHZURWHRWKHUSRHPVDQGQRYHOV6KHGLHGYHU\
\RXQJDWWKHDJHRI

$OH[DQGHU 3XVKNLQ ZDV RQH RI WKH JUHDWHVW 5XVVLDQ SRHWV
SOD\ZULJKWV DQG QRYHOLVWV RI WKH 5RPDQWLF HUD 3XVKNLQ LV
FRQVLGHUHG WR EH WKH IRXQGHU RI PRGHUQ 5XVVLDQ OLWHUDWXUH
+H SXEOLVKHG KLV ¿UVW SRHP DW WKH DJH RI ¿IWHHQ DQG ZDV
ZLGHO\ UHFRJQL]HG E\ WKH OLWHUDU\ HVWDEOLVKPHQW 3XVKNLQ ZURWH
KLV PRVW IDPRXV SOD\ WKH GUDPD ³Boris Godunov”. 0RVW RI
KLV ZRUNV DUH PDVWHUSLHFHV 3XVKNLQ LV DOVR NQRZQ IRU KLV
VKRUWVWRULHV


78
 GRAMMAR POINT
&KDQJLQJIURP'LUHFWLQWR,QGLUHFW5HSRUWHG6SHHFK

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

3UHVHQW6LPSOH 3DVW6LPSOH

‡6KHVDLG“I watch TV.” ‡6KHVDLGWKDWVKHwatched79

3UHVHQW&RQWLQXRXV 3DVW&RQWLQXRXV

‡³,am watching79´ ‡6KHVDLGWKDWVKHwas watching79

3UHVHQW3HUIHFW 3DVW3HUIHFW

‡³,have watched79´ ‡6KHVDLGWKDWVKHhad watched79

3DVW6LPSOH 3DVW3HUIHFW

‡³,watched79´ ‡6KHVDLGWKDWVKHhad watched79

3DVW3HUIHFW 3DVW3HUIHFW

‡³,had watched79´ ‡6KHVDLGWKDWVKHhad watched79

FDQ FRXOG

‡³,can watch79´ ‡6KHVDLGWKDWVKHcould watch 79

&KDQJLQJ7LPH([SUHVVLRQV3URQRXQV
'LUHFW6SHHFK ,QGLUHFW6SHHFK
now then
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the day before/the previous day
tomorrow the next day/the following day
last week/month the previous week/month
ago before
this that
these those
here there
Remember: Pronouns change according to the context.

79
 Listening/Speaking

2 PW/CW. Find the definitions and match.

GHVFULSWLYH DDEOHWRWKLQNRIQHZDQGLQWHUHVWLQJLGHDV
LQYHQWLYH ESURGXFLQJYHU\FOHDUSLFWXUHVLQ\RXUPLQG
IDEXORXV FDSHUVRQZKRZULWHVQRYHOV
¿FWLRQDO GQRWUHDORUWUXHH[LVWLQJRQO\LQVWRULHV
QRYHOLVW HH[WUHPHO\JRRG
YLYLG IVD\LQJZKDWVRPHERG\VRPHWKLQJLVOLNH
VXVSHQVHIXO JWKULOOLQJH[FLWLQJ

3 GW. Listen to the letters and fill in the gaps with the words from the
box.
DGHVFULSWLYHELQYHQWLYHFSDUWLFXODUG¿FWLRQDO
HKRUURUIYLYLGJVXVSHQVHIXOKIDPRXV
LZHOONQRZQMWKULOOLQJNUHDOLVWLFOSUHVHQW

 , DP PDG DERXW ERRNV 0\ IDYRXULWH DXWKRU LV 3KLOLS 3XOOPDQ +H LV D
UHPDUNDEOH  FRQWHPSRUDU\ ZULWHU 3XOOPDQ LV D PDVWHU RI PDQ\ JHQUHV +H KDV
ZULWWHQ KLVWRULFDO ¿FWLRQ   VWRULHV IDLU\ WDOHV DQG IDQWDV\ ¿FWLRQ 3XOOPDQ
LV YHU\ LPDJLQDWLYH +H XVHV KLV   LPDJLQDWLRQ WR GHYHORS IDEXORXV SORWV
3KLOLS 3XOOPDQ XVHV YHU\ ULFK   ODQJXDJH +H FUHDWHV DQG H[SORUHV KLV RZQ
ZRQGHUIXO IDQWDV\ ZRUOG , SDUWLFXODUO\ HQMR\ KLV "Dark Materials" 7KH\ DUH
UHDOO\ FOHYHU EHFDXVH WKH\ DUH EDVHG RQ VFLHQWL¿F LGHDV 3KLOLS 3XOOPDQ
V ERRNV
KDYHHYHU\WKLQJGUDPDDFWLRQDQGWKH\DUHUHDOO\IXQWRUHDG$QGFKDUDFWHUVDUH
JUHDW6RKLVERRNVDUHVRVXVSHQVHIXOWKDW\RXFDQ
WVWRSUHDGLQJ 6KDLJ
 0\ IDYRXULWH DXWKRUV DUH - . 5RZOLQJ &6 /HZLV DQG VRPH RWKHUV ,
HQMR\ UHDGLQJ WKHVH DXWKRUV  IRU WKHLU LQWHUHVWLQJ YLHZ RQ IDQWDV\ DQG WKHLU YLYLG
LPDJLQDWLRQ7KH\DUHVRFUHDWLYHDQG-.5RZOLQJ
VVWRULHVDUHIXOORIP\VWHU\
DQG DGYHQWXUH 6KH LV DQ RXWVWDQGLQJ VWRU\WHOOHU +HU ERRNV DUH   H[FLWLQJ
DQGHPRWLRQDO6KHFUHDWHGDWUXWKIXOIDQWDV\ZRUOG,ZRXOGUHFRPPHQGWKHVH
ERRNVWRHYHU\RQHZKRKDVDYHU\JRRGLPDJLQDWLRQ   6HYGD
 5HDOLVWLF  QRYHOV  GHVFULEH   SHRSOH DQG HYHQWV LQ UHDO SODFHV GXULQJ
SHULRGVRIKLVWRU\7KH\JLYHWKHUHDGHUDSLFWXUHRIVRFLHW\DWWKDWWLPH
7KDW¶VZK\,ORYHUHDOLVWZULWHUVVXFKDV-DQH$XVWHQZKRZDVRQHRIWKHPRVW
(QJOLVKUHDOLVWQRYHOLVWV³3ULGHDQG3UHMXGLFH´LVDUHDOLVWQRYHOVHWLQWKHVRXWK
RI (QJODQG LQ WKH HDUO\ WK FHQWXU\ ,W GHVFULEHV WKH UHODWLRQVKLSV RI WKH %HQQHW
VLVWHUV        *DEULHOOD 
  , ORYH -DFTXHOLQH :LOVRQ
V ERRNV 6KH LV D   %ULWLVK ZULWHU RI WKH 
WLPH+HUERRNVDUHEDVHGRQUHDOOLIH6KHFDQPDNHKHUERRNVIXQQ\EXW\HW
VDGDWWKHVDPHWLPH6KHLVJRRGDWGHVFULELQJKHUFKDUDFWHUVDQGWKHSODFHV0\
IDYRXULWHERRNLVFDOOHG/ROD5RVH,W
VDWUXHVWRU\DERXWIDPLO\OLIH,WKLQNLW
V
EULOOLDQW -DFTXHOLQH:LOVRQ FUHDWHV LQWHUHVWLQJ VWRULHV DQG SLFNV VXFK JRRG WRSLFV
WRZULWHDERXW6KHLVWKHEHVW      7XQDU 

80
 GRAMMAR POINT

&KDQJLQJIURP'LUHFWLQWR,QGLUHFW5HSRUWHG6SHHFK

'LUHFW6SHHFK ,QGLUHFW6SHHFK
She said: •6KHVDLGWKDWVKHwas bornLQ
•³,was bornLQ´ • She said (that) she had (or had had) a
• “, had DGL൶
FXOWFKLOGKRRG” dicult childhood.
In reporting a statement about the past, it is not necessary to follow the rule of
sequence of tenses if it is clear that the original verb was past.
Also, when the sentence expresses a general truth, or something that is unlikely
to change.
She said
• She said (that) the earth is round.
“The earthis round.”
• She said (that) water boilsat 100 C.
“Waterboilsat 100 C.
• She said (that) the sun rises in the east
“The sun rises in the east and
and sets in the west.
sets in the west”.
3DVWWHQVHVLQWLPHFODXVHGRQ¶WFKDQJH
3DVW3HUIHFWGRHVQ¶WFKDQJHLQ5HSRUWHG6SHHFK
• “I lived in Poland when I was • She said (that) she lived in Poland when she
a child.” was a child.
• “I was speaking on the phone • She said that she was speaking on the phone
when the doorbell rang.” when the doorbell rang.

4 PW. Change the sentences into the Reported Speech looking through
the Grammar Point.

Model: /DODVDLG´I’ve read³+DPOHW´E\:6KDNHVSHDUHthisZHHN´

/DODVDLGthatshe had read³+DPOHW´E\:6KDNHVSHDUHthatZHHN

-DODOVDLG³,¶YHUHDGVRPHERRNVE\ %DUDWVDLG³:HKDYHWRJRWRWKH
0DUN7ZDLQWKLV\HDU´ OLEUDU\QRZ´

6KDKLQ¶VVLVWHUVDLG³,FDQUXQIDVW´ 1LOD\VDLG³,DPZDWFKLQJ79QRZ´

7KHWHDFKHUVDLG³+DPOHW´LVRQHRI 7HKPDVLEVDLG³6DPDG9XUJKXQ
6KDNHVSHDUH¶VJUHDWHVWPDVWHUSLHFHV´ ZDVERUQLQ*D]DNKLQ´

6HPUDVDLG³0\SDUHQWVFDQ
WJR 0XKDPPHGVDLG³0\IDWKHU
WRWKHFRQIHUHQFHWRGD\´ WUDYHOOHGWR(XURSHODVWPRQWK´

81
 Reading

1 GW. Read the information about famous poets and writers, share your
ideas on their literary activities.

“William Shakespeare was not of an age but for all time”- these words were
said by Benjamin Johnson, a playwright, a player and a fellow writer, a good
friend of W.Shakespeare.

:LOOLDP6KDNHVSHDUHRQHRIWKHJUHDWHVWDQGPRVWIDPRXV
(QJOLVK ZULWHUV DQG SUREDEO\ WKH JUHDWHVW SOD\ZULJKW DQG
GUDPDWLVW ZDV ERUQ RQ WKH UG RI $SULO  LQ 6WUDWIRUG
RQ$YRQ $W WKH DJH RI  KH ZDV VHQW WR VFKRRO EXW KH
KDG WR OHDYH LW DW WKH DJH RI  +LV IDWKHU -RKQ 6KDNHVSHDUH
ZDV D PHUFKDQW DQG KH ZDV LQ GHEW :LOOLDP KDG WR KHOS
KLP LQ WKH WUDGH $W WKH DJH RI  KH PDUULHG DQG KLV PDU
ULDJH  ZDVQ¶W D KDSS\ RQH :KHQ 6KDNHVSHDUH ZDV  KH
ZHQWWR/RQGRQ+HEHFDPHDQDFWRUDQGDPHPEHURIDYHU\
VXFFHVVIXO DFWLQJ FRPSDQ\ ,W¶V KLJKO\ SUREDEOH WKDW “The 
Comedy of Errors”“Romeo and Juliet”DQGVRPHRWKHUSOD\VE\6KDNHVSHDUHZHUH
SHUIRUPHG IRU WKH ¿UVW WLPH RQ WKLV VWDJH 7KH DFWRUV ZHUH WROG WKDW WKH\ FRXOG QR
ORQJHUXVHWKHODQG6RRQWKHLUWKHDWUHZDVEXLOWDQGLWZDVFDOOHGWKH³7KH*OREH´
6KDNHVSHDUH¶V *OREH ZDV UDWKHU GL൵HUHQW IURP PRGHUQ WKHDWUHV7KH SOD\V ZHUH
SHUIRUPHG LQ WKH RSHQ DLU DQG WKH DXGLHQFH JRW ZHW LI LW UDLQHG 7KHUH ZDV QR
VFHQHU\ DQG WKH RQO\ OLJKWLQJ ZDV WKH GD\OLJKW WKDW FDPH IURP WKH RSHQ URRI
DERYH :RPHQ LQ WKRVH GD\V ZHUHQ¶W DOORZHG WR DFW LQ SXEOLF DQG DOO WKH SDUWV
HYHQ-XOLHWZHUHSOD\HGE\PHQ
:LOOLDP 6KDNHVSHDUH ZURWH  SOD\V  WUDJHGLHV  VXFK DV ³Hamlet”, “King
Lear”, “Othello”, “Machbeth”)  FRPHGLHV VXFK DV “As You Like it”, “The
Twelfth Night”, “Much Ado About Nothing”) and VRPH KLVWRULFDO SOD\V “Ham-
let” LV RQH RI 6KDNHVSHDUH¶V JUHDWHVW PDVWHUSLHFHV +H DOVR ZURWH  ERRNV
RI SRHPV +LV ZRUNV ZHUH WUDQVODWHG LQWR PDMRU ZRUOG ODQJXDJHV DQG ZHUH
SHUIRUPHG FRQWLQXRXVO\ LQ FRPPXQLW\ WKHDWUHV DQG KLJK VFKRRO DXGLWRULXPV
:LOOLDP 6KDNHVSHDUH GLHG LURQLFDOO\ RQ WKH VDPH GDWH DV KLV ELUWKGD\ WKH UG RI
$SULO+HZDVEXULHGLQWKHFKXUFKRI6WUDWIRUG$PRQXPHQWZDVHUHFWHGWRWKH
PHPRU\RIWKHJUHDWSOD\ZULJKWLQWKH3RHW¶V&RUQHULQ:HVWPLQVWHU$EEH\

timber[tmb
(r)] (n) trees that are grown to be used in building or for making things
82
 Reading

 &KDUOHV 'LFNHQV  LV RQH RI WKH PRVW ZHOO NQRZQ DQG
EHVW ORYHG RI DOO (QJOLVK QRYHOLVWV +H ZDV YHU\ WDOHQWHG DQG
OHDUQHG WR UHDG DW DQ HDUO\ DJH :KHQ KH ZDV  KH VDZ D SOD\
E\ 6KDNHVSHDUH LQ WKH WKHDWUH +H ZDV VR LQVSLUHG E\ WKLV SOD\
WKDW KH ZURWH D SOD\ KLPVHOI DQG SHUIRUPHG LW WRJHWKHU ZLWK KLV
IULHQGV :KHQ &KDUOHV ZDV QLQH \HDUV ROG WKH IDPLO\ FDPH WR
/RQGRQ/LIHZDVKDUGIRUSRRUSHRSOHLQ/RQGRQ&KDUOHV
IDWKHU
 FRXOGQ
WJHWDQ\ZRUNWKHUHDQGOLWWOH&KDUOHVDWWHQKDGWRJRWR
ZRUN,QKHSXEOLVKHGKLV¿UVWERRNDQGEHJDQZULWLQJKLVKXPRURXVQRYHO
"Papers of the Pickwick Club"ZKLFKPDGHKLPIDPRXV,QLWZDVSXEOLVKHG
DQGEURXJKWKLPJUHDWVXFFHVV7KHQKLVQRYHOV"Oliver Twist", "Nicholas Nickleby",
"David Coppereld", "Hard Times" DQG PDQ\ RWKHUV ZHUH SXEOLVKHG RQH DIWHU
DQRWKHU ,Q WKHVH QRYHOV KH GHVFULEHG ZKDW KH KDG OHDUQHG LQ KLV KDUG FKLOGKRRG
&KDUOHV'LFNHQVJDYHWKHUHDOLVWLFSLFWXUHRIWKHOLIHRIWKH(QJOLVKSHRSOH&KDUOHV
'LFNHQVZDVDJUHDWPDVWHURISRZHUIXODQGKRQHVWVWRULHVDERXWSRRUSHRSOH+HKDG
YLYLGLPDJLQDWLRQDQGGHYHORSHGIDEXORXVSORWV7RPDQ\SHRSOHWKHFKDUDFWHUVRI
KLVQRYHOVVHHPHGPRUHUHDOWKDQWKHUHDOFKDUDFWHUVRIKLVWRU\7KHJUHDWZULWHUZDV
KRQRXUHGE\KLVFRQWHPSRUDULHVDVDUHPDUNDEOHQRYHOLVW+LVERRNVDUHVWLOOSRSXODU
WRGD\+LVQRYHOVDUHYDOXHGIRUWKHLUUHDOLVPKXPRXUWKHLUORYHDQGV\PSDWK\IRU
RUGLQDU\SHRSOHDOORYHUWKHZRUOG

 $JDWKD &KULVWLH EHFDPH JHQHUDOO\ IDPRXV LQ  DIWHU

SXEOLVKLQJRIKHUQRYHOGHWHFWLYH¿FWLRQ³The Murder of Roger
Ackroyd”(Hercule Poirot’s Mystery),W¶VVWLOOFRQVLGHUHGWREH
KHUPDVWHUSLHFHWKHEHVWFULPHQRYHO+HUODVWERRN³Curtain”
DSSHDUHG VKRUWO\ EHIRUH KHU GHDWK DQG KHU ODVW VWRULHV ³Miss
Marple” ³Sleeping Murder” DQG KHU DXWRELRJUDSK\ ZHUH
SXEOLVKHG DIWHU KHU GHDWK $JDWKD &KULVWLH¶V VXFFHVV ZLWK
PLOOLRQV RI UHDGHUV OLHV LQ KHU DELOLW\ WR FRPELQH FOHYHU
SORWV ZLWK H[FHOOHQW FKDUDFWHU GUDZLQJ DQG D NHHQ VHQVH 
RI KXPRXU ZLWK JUHDW SRZHU RI REVHUYDWLRQ $JDWKD &KULVWLH LV NQRZQ DOO RYHU
WKH ZRUOG DV WKH TXHHQ RI FULPH 6KH ZURWH  FULPH QRYHOV  SOD\V  URPDQWLF
QRYHOV DQG  VKRUW  VWRULHV +HU ERRNV ZHUH WUDQVODWHG LQWR  IRUHLJQ
ODQJXDJHV 6KH LV WKH WKLUG EHVWVHOOLQJ DXWKRU LQ WKH ZRUOG DIWHU : 6KDNHVSHDUH
DQGWKH%LEOH0DQ\RIKHUQRYHOVDQGVKRUWVWRULHVZHUH¿OPHG³7KH0RXVHWUDS´
KHUPRVWIDPRXVSOD\LVQRZWKHORQJHVWUXQQLQJSOD\LQKLVWRU\

2 PW. Find the definitions of the words in bold and build up sentences
using them.

83
 Reading

3 GW. Search for more facts about them and fill in the KWL looking
through task 1, page 78 and task 1, page 82.

:KDW,
:KDW,
:KDW,.QRZ :DQWWR
/HDUQHG
.QRZ
‡:LOOLDP6KDNHVSHDUH(1564-1616)
• What
‡ is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the history
about
of the English language.
his great
‡is considered one of the few playwrights to have
works?
succeeded in writing both comedies and tragedies.
• What
‡&KDUOHV'LFNHQV(1812-1870)
about his
‡is one of the most well- known and best loved of all
plays?
English novelists.
• What did
‡He was very talented and learned to read at an early age.
he glorify?
‡$OH[DQGHU3XVKNLQ (1799 – 1837)
• What do
• was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the
you know
Romantic era.
about his
• Pushkin is considered to be the founder of modern
poetry?
Russian literature.
‡$JDWKD&KULVWLH(1890-1976) • What was
•is well-known all over the world. her real
• She is considered to be the Queen of Crime. name?

84
 Writing Test Your Memory
1 CW/GW. Correct the statements according to task 1. (See pages 82-83).
&KDUOHV'LFNHQVWKHJUHDWHVW(QJOLVKZULWHUDQGSUREDEO\WKHJUHDWHVW
 SOD\ZULJKWDQGGUDPDWLVWZDVERUQRQWKHUGRI$SULO
$JDWKD&KULVWLHEHFDPHJHQHUDOO\UHFRJQL]HGLQDIWHUSXEOLVKLQJ
RIKHUQRYHO2OLYHU7ZLVW
,Q:6KDNHVSHDUHSXEOLVKHGKLV¿UVWERRNDQGEHJDQZULWLQJKLV
KXPRURXVQRYHO3DSHUVRIWKH3LFNZLFN&OXE
³2OLYHU7ZLVW´LVRQHRI6KDNHVSHDUH¶VJUHDWHVWPDVWHUSLHFHV
&KDUOHV'LFNHQVZDVDJUHDWPDVWHURISRZHUIXODQGKRQHVWVWRULHVDERXWULFK
SHRSOH
³+DPOHW´LVRQHRI$JDWKD&KULVWLH¶VSRHPV
:6KDNHVSHDUH¶VQRYHOVDUHYDOXHGIRUWKHLUUHDOLVPKXPDQLW\DQGORYH
$JDWKD&ULVWLH¶VODVWQRYHOZDV³7KH0XUGHURI5RJHU$FNUR\G´
2 PW. Make an interview. What would you tell your partner/ friend about
your favourite writer/poet and his/her books?
:LOOLDP &KDUOHV $JDWKD
:ULWHU3RHW 2WKHU
6KDNHVSHDUH 'LFNHQV &KULVWLH
%RUQ
'LHG
3HULRG
*HQUH
1RWDEOH:RUNV
0DVWHUSLHFH

3 PW. Find the definitions of the given words and build up sentences.
YLYLG LPDJLQDWLYH

VXVSHQVHIXO IDEXORXV

LQYHQWLYH KXPRURXV

WKULOOLQJ SORW

4 IW/GW. Project. Debate on the following statements:

6SHDNRQDQ\ZRUOGZLGHIDPRXVZULWHU¶VSRHW¶VPDVWHUSLHFHDQGVD\KRZ
DFWXDOLWLVRUFRLQFLGHVZLWKUHDOOLIH
:KDWWUDLWVRIFKDUDFWHU\RXYDOXHLQKLVKHUZRUNVDQGZKDW¶VWKHEHVW
FULWHULDIRU\RX
85
 Writing Test Your Memory
4 PW/GW. Make up a story about a famous writer/poet using the outline.
Write its style giving explanation.
BBBBZDVERUQBBBDQGJUHZXSBBBB
BBBZRUNHGBB
BBBKLVKHUDPELWLRQZDVBBB
BBBZDVWKHSHUVRQZKRZKRVHBBB
+HVKHBBBBBBB
BBBLWKHOSHGKLPKHUWRDFKLHYHDORWDQGPDGHKLPKHUIDPRXV
+LVKHUZRUNVDUHUHDGZLWKBBBBBBB
+HVKHGHVFULEHGBBBBDQGBBBBBBB
5 PW/IW. Change the sentences from Direct Speech into Indirect or
vice versa*.
2QFH0DUN7ZDLQFDPHWRKLVQHLJKERXU¶VKRXVHWRERUURZDERRN+HDVNHGKLP
ZKDWKHKDGFRPHIRU
³:K\QRW"´UHSOLHGWKHPDQ³,¶OOEHYHU\JODGWROHW\RXUHDGWKHERRNEXW,PXVW
DVN\RXWRUHDGLWKHUH,QHYHUOHWDQ\RQHWDNHP\ERRNVDZD\IURPP\KRXVH´
6RPHGD\VODWHUWKHQHLJKERXUZDQWHGWRERUURZ0DUN7ZDLQ¶VODZQPRZHU +H
WROGKLPZKDWKHKDGFRPHIRU
³:K\ QRW"´ UHSOLHG 7ZDLQ ³,¶OO EH YHU\ JODG WR OHW \RX XVH P\ ODZQPRZHU
EXW,PXVWDVN\RXWRXVHLWKHUH,QHYHUOHWDQ\RQHWDNHP\ODZQPRZHUDZD\IURP
P\JDUGHQ´
6 PW/IW. Find and write the unscrambled words.
ORXVIDEXURXVPRKXYHWLYHQLQOLVWYHQROHDEPDUNUH
QDOWLR¿FSHQVXVHVWHXUDPDIXOVHSHQVXVGLYLYQHUPL

6HOI$VVHVVPHQW /HYHO5HDFKHG
'HVFULSWLRQRI$FKLHYHPHQW ([FHOOHQW *RRG )DLU 3RRU
I can:
‡¿QGWKHGH¿QLWLRQVRIWKHZRUGVDQGXVHWKHP
LQVHQWHQFHV
‡¿QGWKHVHQWHQFHVLQ'LUHFW6SHHFKDQGFKDQJH
WKHPLQWR,QGLUHFW6SHHFK
‡PDNHDQ,QWHUYLHZRQP\IDYRXULWHZULWHUSRHW
DQGKLVKHUERRNV
‡VSHDNRQWKHYDOXDEOHWUDLWVRIFKDUDFWHUV
‡LQGHSHQGHQWO\H[SUHVVP\RSLQLRQVRQWKH
ZRUNVRIIDPRXVZULWHUVSRHWV
‡PDNHXSDVWRU\DERXWDIDPRXVZULWHUSRHW
XVLQJWKHRXWOLQH
‡GH¿QHDQGZULWHWKHVW\OHRIVWRULHVJLYLQJ
H[SODQDWLRQ
lawnmower - a machine for cutting grass on a lawn
86
vice versa - other way round, contrary, reciprocally conversely
 Assessment

1 Read and guess the meaning of the words in bold and expressions from
the context. Answer the questions below.

(UQHVW+HPLQJZD\
$  (UQHVW +HPLQJZD\ D UHSRUWHU D EULOOLDQW VKRUW VWRU\
ZULWHU D QRYHOLVW RQH RI WKH WK FHQWXU\ JUHDWHVW$PHULFDQ
ZULWHUVZDVERUQLQWKH6WDWHRI,OOLQRLVRQ-XO\+H
ZDVDQDPDWHXUER[HUDGHHSVHD¿VKHUPDQDKXQWHUDQGD
EUDYHZDUFRUUHVSRQGHQW+LVSDUHQWVZDQWHGKLPWREHFRPH
D GRFWRU OLNH KLV IDWKHU RU D PXVLFLDQ OLNH KLV PRWKHU EXW
DIWHU JUDGXDWLQJ IURP KLJK VFKRRO +HPLQJZD\ EHJDQ
KLV ZULWLQJ FDUHHU DV D VSRUWV UHSRUWHU IRU WKH QHZVSDSHU
7KHKansas City Star".
%  :KHQ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV HQWHUHG :RUOG :DU 2QH +HPLQJZD\ OHIW KLV MRE
DV D VSRUWV UHSRUWHU DQG MRLQHG WKH DUP\ +H ZRUNHG DV DQ DPEXODQFH GULYHU
ZLWK WKH 5HG &URVV LQ ,WDO\ +H JDLQHG YDOXDEOH OLIH H[SHULHQFH IURP WKH ZDU
DQGIURPWKHKRVSLWDOLQ0LODQZKHUHKHKDGWRVSHQGVHYHUDOZHHNV+HPLQJZD\
V
ZDUH[SHULHQFHDQGDGYHQWXURXVOLIHSURYLGHGWKHEDFNJURXQGIRUKLVPDQ\QRYHOV
DQGVKRUWVWRULHV
&  +HPLQJZD\
V ¿UVW PDMRU VXFFHVV ZDV WKH SXEOLFDWLRQ RI KLV IDPRXV QRYHO
"The Sun Also Rises"LQ7KLVZDVIROORZHGE\DFROOHFWLRQRIVKRUWVWRULHV
LQDQGWKHQDQRWKHUELJQRYHO"A Farewell to Arms"WKHORYHVWRU\EHWZHHQDQ
$PHULFDQOLHXWHQDQWDQGDQ(QJOLVKQXUVHGXULQJ:RUOG:DU2QH$WWKDWWLPH
+HPLQJZD\OLYHGLQ)ORULGDWKH86$EXWKHPDGHPDQ\WULSVWR$IULFDWRKXQW
ZLOGDQLPDOV6RPHRIKLVEHVWVKRUWVWRULHVZULWWHQLQWKHPLGVZHUHLQVSLUHG
E\ZKDWKHUHPHPEHUHGRIWKLVH[FLWLQJH[SHULHQFH
'  ,Q  +HPLQJZD\ PRYHG WR &XED DQG OLYHG WKHUH ZKHUH  KLV SDVVLRQ  IRU
GHHSVHD¿VKLQJSURYLGHGWKHEDFNJURXQGIRU"The Old Man and The Sea"7KLV
LVDVWRU\DERXWDEUDYHROG&XEDQ¿VKHUPDQ
V¿JKWZLWKDEUDYHJLDQW¿VK,Q
(UQHVW+HPLQJZD\ZDVDZDUGHGWKH1REHO3UL]HIRU/LWHUDWXUH
( $IWHU KH KDG ZRQ WKH 1REHO 3UL]H +HPLQJZD\ EHFDPH  D UHVSHFWHG  ZULWHU
ZKRZDVZHOONQRZQLQPDQ\FRXQWULHV0RVWRIKLVQRYHOVDQGVKRUWVWRULHVZHUH
WUDQVODWHGLQWRVHYHUDORWKHUODQJXDJHV
1. When and where was Ernest Hemingway born?
2. What were E. Hemingway’s parents’ professions?
3. When did the United States start to ght in World War One?
4. What novel did he win a Nobel Prize for?
5. When did E. Hemingway start his career as a writer?
6. What was his main success?
7. What were his stories inspired by?
8. How did he gain his life experience?

87
2 Tick the appropriate box according to task 1 on page 87.

6WDWHPHQWV $ % & ' ( 1RQH

+HZHQWKXQWLQJLQ$IULFD 9
+HZDVJLYHQWKH1REHO3UL]HIRU/LWHUDWXUH
'XULQJ:RUOG:DU2QHKHZDVLQKRVSLWDO
“The Sun also Rises”ZDVKLV¿UVWELJVXFFHVV
+HZDVRIWHQYHU\VDGDQGXQKDSS\
+LVQRYHOVZHUHWUDQVODWHGLQWRPDQ\ODQJXDJHV
+HOLYHGPRVWO\LQ&XED
+HJDLQHGDYDOXDEOHOLIHH[SHULHQFH
+HZRUNHGDVDVSRUWVUHSRUWHU

3 Change the sentences from Indirect into Direct speech.

Model: Fidan said that she had started working in that oce two days before.
Fidan said: “I started working in this oce 2 days ago.”
6KDLJ¶VGDGVDLGWKDWKHKDGERXJKWDQHZFDUWKLV\HDU
$\GDQVDLGVKHZDVZDLWLQJIRUKHUPRWKHUWKHQ
0\IULHQG6KDKLQVDLGWKDWKHZDVQHUYRXVEHFDXVHKHKDGQHYHU
EHHQRQDSODQH
,VDEHOODVD\VWKDWVKHOLYHGLQ0RVFRZLQKHUFKLOGKRRG
2XUWHDFKHUVD\VWKDWVWXGHQWVVWXG\-DQH$XVWHQ¶VQRYHOVDWVFKRROV
DWFROOHJHVDQGXQLYHUVLWLHVQRZ
6DPLUDVDLG-DQH$XVWHQZURWHKHU¿UVWQRYHOLQ
6XOH\PDQVDLG(UQHVW+HPLQJZD\ZDVERUQRQ-XO\

4 Match the words to their definitions or close meanings.

FDUHHU DMRXUQDOLVW
UHSRUWHU EMRXUQH\
DPEXODQFH FYHU\LPSRUWDQWPDLQSULQFLSDO
WULS GFRPSHWHQFHSUR¿FLHQF\
JDLQ HJHW
DPDWHXU IDVSHFLDOFDUIRUFDUU\LQJVLFNSHRSOH
H[SHULHQFH JMRESURIHVVLRQ
PDMRU KGLOHWWDQWH(not professional, but fan)

5 Write a paragraph: “Nobel Prize Winners” and their life experience and
literary activities.
88
 Writing Test Your Memory

1A GW. Read and match headings 1-5 with paragraphs a-d. There is one
heading you don’t need.

-DQH$XVWHQ

$-DQH$XVWHQZDVD%ULWLVKZULWHU6KHZDVERUQLQ(QJODQGLQ6KHOLYHGLQ
(QJODQGDOOKHUOLIH6KHGLHGRQWK-XO\LQ

% $W WKH DJH RI  -DQH $XVWHQ EHJDQ ZULWLQJ VWRULHV SRHPV DQG SOD\V 6KH
¿QLVKHG KHU ¿UVW QRYHO LQ  DQG KHU VHFRQG QRYHO D \HDU ODWHU +RZHYHU KHU
IDWKHU FRXOGQ¶W ¿QG D SXEOLVKHU +HU OLIH FKDQJHG LQ  ZKHQ VKH IRXQG D
SXEOLVKHUIRUKHU¿UVWERRN6KHSXEOLVKHGWKHERRNXQGHUWKHQDPH³$/DG\´

& ,Q WRWDO VKH ZURWH VL[ QRYHOV +HU PRVW IDPRXV ERRNV DUH ³6HQVH DQG
6HQVLELOLW\´ DQG ³3ULGH DQG 3UHMXGLFH´ +HU QRYHOV ZHUH IXQQLHU DQG PRUH
UHDOLVWLFWKDQRWKHUQRYHOVRIWKHWLPH

'1RZVWXGHQWVDWVFKRROVFROOHJHVDQGXQLYHUVLWLHVVWXG\-DQH$XVWHQ¶VQRYHOV
DQGWKHUHDUHDERXW¿IW\GL൵HUHQW¿OPVDQG79YHUVLRQVRIKHUVWRULHV7KHUHDUH
DOVRWZR-DQH$XVWHQPXVHXPVLQ(QJODQG

1. How Jane Austen Started Writing.

2. Jane Austen’s Style of Writing and Her Famous Books.
3. Jane Austen’s Likes and Dislikes.
4. Jane Austen’s Fame Today.
5. A Summary of Jane Austen’s Life.

1B IW. Find the examples of description and narration in the text and write.

1C IW. Write a summary of Jane Austen’s life. (See task 1A).

2 PW. Think about a famous novelist who is from our country. Then
change them into Indirect Speech and act it out.
9DJLI:KDWDUHKLVKHUPRVWIDPRXVQRYHOV"
6DPLUDBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
9DJLI:KDWSHULRGRIKLVWRU\DUHKLVKHUQRYHOVVHWLQ"
6DPLUDBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
9DJLI:KDWVRUWRISHRSOHGLGKHVKHZULWHDERXW"
6DPLUDBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
9DJLI:KDWVRUWRIWKLQJVKDSSHQKDSSHQHGLQKLVKHUQRYHOV"
6DPLUDBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

89
 Writing

3 IW/PW. Make up sentences using the words in the box.

SOD\ZULJKWRXWVWDQGLQJLPDJLQDWLRQIDQWDV\
LGHDVVXVSHQVHIXOSHUIRUPSORW
IDEXORXVLPDJLQDWLYHVFLHQWL¿FFKDUDFWHUV

Writing Guide

Follow the steps in the writing guide and make a biography of Jane
Austen or give details about another writer/poet you admire.

Brainstorm and Plan: Write:

:KHUHDQGZKHQZDVKHVKHERUQ" 3DUDJUDSKSummary of Life
:KHUHGLGKHVKHOLYH" 3DUDJUDSKEducation and Work
:KHQGLGKHVKHGLH" The book/lm is....
+RZPDQ\ERRNVGLGKHVKHZULWH" 3DUDJUDSKMost famous for .... .
:KDW¶VKLVKHUPRVWIDPRXVFKDUDFWHU" The things I like most .... .
:K\ZHUHKLVKHUERRNVVXFFHVVIXO"
3DUDJUDSK:KDWhe/she is famous
$UHKLVKHUZRUNVVWLOOIDPRXV" for today
All in all, ... .
Check:
‡phrases for facts and opinions
‡list of the words in the vocabulary
‡Direct and Indirect Speech

4 IW. Write a paragraph: “ My Favourite Writer/Poet”.

6HOI$VVHVVPHQW /HYHO5HDFKHG
'HVFULSWLRQRI$FKLHYHPHQW ([FHOOHQW *RRG )DLU 3RRU
:ULWLQJ
I can:
‡ZULWHDQVZHUVWRWKHTXHVWLRQV
‡PDWFKKHDGLQJVZLWKWRSDUDJUDSKV
‡¿QGPRUHH[DPSOHVRIGHVFULSWLRQQDUUDWLRQ
DQGGLDORJXHLQWKHWH[W
‡PDNHXSVHQWHQFHVXVLQJZRUGVDQGH[SUHVVLRQV
‡PDNHDELRJUDSK\RI-DQH$XVWHQ
‡FUHDWHDSDUDJUDSKRQP\IDYRXULWHZULWHUSRHW

90
 Lesson 5. Reading or Watching?

What you’ll learn:

‡:K\ZHOLNHUHDGLQJ
‡:K\ZHORYHZDWFKLQJD¿OPEDVHGRQWKHERRN
‡:KLFKLVEHWWHUUHDGLQJDERRNRUZDWFKLQJD¿OP
‡+RZZHFDQPDNHDSRVWHURQD¿OPDERRN
‡+RZZHFKDQJHTXHVWLRQVIURP4XRWHGLQWR5HSRUWHG6SHHFK

Word File:
DOLHQ>‫ޖ‬HܼOLԥQ@(n) a stranger from another land/planet, a foreigner
DUFKHU\>‫ޖ‬DW‫ݕ‬ԥUܼ@ (n) the sport or skill of shooting with a bow and arrows,
especially at a target. 
EHEDVHGRQ>ELEHܼVW@be grounded (on)
EORFNEXVWHU>‫ޖ‬EO‫ܥ‬NE‫ݞ‬VWԥ@(n) something very successful, especially a
very successful book or lm/movie
GHVFULSWLYH>Gܼ‫ޖ‬VNUܼSWܼY@(adj) saying what somebody/something is like;
describing something
G\QDPLF>GDܼ‫ޖ‬Q PܼN@(adj) energetic, active
IDQ>I Q@(n) admirer, lover, devotee
IDQF\>‫ޖ‬I QVܼ@(v) want something or want to do something,
believe or imagine something
PLVV>PLV@Y1. be bored, be anxious, have a tedious time
2. be late, stay too long
3. transmit, pass
4. be sad, grieve
VKRRWLQJ>‫ݕޖ‬X‫ޝ‬Wܼƾ@(n)ring, killing a person or an animal with a bullet or an arrow

1 IW. Choose and write the words with the same sound in the appropriate
box.
EDVHG    ZDWFKLQJ   EORW   IDQF\  EHWWHU   TXHVWLRQ
GHVFULSWLYHSRVWHUPDQQHUVSHHFKEORFNEXVWHUFRRO

> @ >ԥ@ >N@

‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡
‡ >‫@ܥ‬ ‡ ‡ >V@
>W‫@ݕ‬
‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡

91
 Listening/Speaking

2 PW. Listen and make up a short dialogue on the given model looking
through the pictures. Use the expressions given in “Remember” box.

6HYGD6KDLJKDYH\RXVHHQDQ\JRRG¿OPVUHFHQWO\"
6KDLJ<HVRQHRUWZR$QG\RX"
6HYGD2KQR,KDYHQ¶W:KDWDERXWWKLVRQH",VLWJRRG"
6KDLJ,¶GRQO\UHFRPPHQGWKDWLI\RXUHDOO\OLNHEDGPXVLFDOV
6HYGD1R,GRQ¶WIDQF\WKDW
6KDLJ,IWKH\KDG$YDWDU,¶GUHFRPPHQGWKDWEXW,FDQ¶WVHHLWDQ\ZKHUH
6HYGD<HDKZHOOWKHUHLVQRVHQVHZDWFKLQJLWLILWLVQ¶WLQ'DQG,FDQ¶WGRWKDW
 DWKRPH
6KDLJ<HV\RXDUHULJKW,WLVDJUHDW¿OPWRVHHDWWKHFLQHPD
2KKDQGLQJRXWD'9'KHUH\RXDUH<RXPLJKWOLNHWKLV,W¶VJRWJUHDW
VSHFLDOH൵HFWV

REMEMBER!
5HFRPPHQGLQJDQG5HVSRQGLQJ
‡What about this lm?
‡I’d only recommend that if... . ‡I don’t fancy that.
‡If they had (Avatar), I’d recommend that. ‡You might like ... .
‡I am a big fan of .... .‡I am not a big fan of ... .

Giving Stating opposing

arguments opinions
Stating your Saying:
opinion Conclusion*
■ EHFDXVH ■ %XW
■ ,¶PVXUH ■ )RUH[DPSOH ■ ,DJUHH ■ 2QWKHRWKHU ■ ,QFRQFOXVLRQ
■ 'H¿QLWHO\ ■ ,W¶VWUXH KDQG
■ 7KHUHDVRQLV ■ ,GLVDJUHH ■ 2QWKHZKROH
■ &HUWDLQO\ ■ Besides... ■ 'RQ¶WIRUJHW ■ 7RVXPXS
■ ,GRQ¶WWKLQN WKDW
■ $FWXDOO\ ■ ,¶PDIUDLG
■ ,WKLQN ■ ,FDQ¶WDJUHH

92 *conclusion [k
nklu(
)n] (n) result, outcome
 Reading

1 PW. Read the students’ interviews and discuss the questions below.
Use Reported structures. .

■ 7RONLHQ¶V³7KH/RUGRIWKH5LQJV´KDVEHHQDIDYRXULWHERRNRIFKLOGUHQ
IRU\HDUVDQGWKH¿OPEDVHGRQWKHERRNLVSRSXODUHQRXJK
6RZKLFKLVEHWWHUERRNVRU¿OPV" Shams

■ , WKLQN ERWK ERRNV DQG ¿OPV WHDFK XV D ORW %RRNV DUH VRXUFH RI
NQRZOHGJH %RRNV KDYH DOZD\V EHHQ  RXU IULHQGV %XW VRPH SHRSOH SUHIHU
ZDWFKLQJ ¿OPV DQG , WKLQN LW¶V QRUPDO )RU H[DPSOH 7R UHDG ³7RP 6DZ\HU´
E\0DUN7ZDLQFDQWDNH\RXDIHZGD\VEXWLWZLOOWDNH\RXRQO\WZRKRXUVWR
ZDWFKLW  Tural
■ <HVEXWRQWKHRWKHUKDQGPRVW¿OPVPLVVKDOIRIWKHVWRU\ZKLOHERRNV
WHOOWKHZKROHVWRU\<RXFDQXVH\RXULPDJLQDWLRQQRWOLNHZLWK¿OPVZKHUH
\RXFDQRQO\VHHLWGabriella

■ <HVPD\EHEXW,SUHIHU¿OPVEHFDXVH¿OPVDUHPRUHH[FLWLQJ,QD¿OP\RX
FDQJHWLQYROYHGLQDOOWKHDFWLRQVDQGDFWXDOO\IHHOOLNHDV\RXDUHWKHUH%HVLGHV
ERRNVFDQEHERULQJEXW¿OPVDUHVRFRROFRORXUIXODQGZRQGHUIXO<RXFDQMXVW
VLWDQGHQMR\WKHP<RXFDQDOVRZDWFKD¿OPZLWK\RXUIDPLO\RUIULHQGVDQG
\RXFDQDOOWDONDERXWLWDIWHU Jalal

■ ,QFRQFOXVLRQ,WKLQNWKDWERRNVDQG¿OPVDUHERWKJUHDW%RRNVDUHPRUH
HGXFDWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLYHDQGGHVFULSWLYH%XW¿OPVDUHPXFKIXQQLHUDQG
WKH\KDYHPRUHSLFWXUHV,DPQRWVXUHZKLFKLVEHWWHUD¿OPRUDERRN"
        Turgut
‡Who prefers reading?
‡Who likes watching lms?
‡Who enjoys both reading a book and watching a lm?
‡Which is better: Reading a book or watching a lm based on the book?

2 GW. Complete the table with your own ideas and discuss.

3UREOHPV $JUHH 'LVDJUHH 5HDVRQV &RQFOXVLRQ

‡%RRNVDUHJRRG ‡ , WKLQN ¿OPV DUH ‡ ‡,WKLQN¿OPV ‡
PRUHHGXFDWLRQDO DUHPRUH
‡)LOPVDUHJRRG ‡ LQWHUHVWLQJDQG ‡
‡ WKH\DUHPRUH
GHVFULSWLYHWRR

93
 Reading

3 PW. Read and fill in the gaps with Which or What. Change the sentences
in italics into Indirect Speech and act it out.
$\VHO... shall we do this evening, Samir?
6DPLU,DPQRWVXUHDo you want to go to the cinema?
$\VHO7KDW¶VDJRRGLGHD%XWRQH&LQH:RUOGRU&LQHSOH["
6DPLU,UHDOO\GRQ¶WPLQGRQHZRXOG\RXOLNHWRJRWR"
$\VHO:HOOLWGHSHQGV lms are they showing at the moment?
6DPLU,WKLQN&LQH:RUOGLVVKRZLQJWKHQHZ-DPHV%RQG¿OPDQG&LQH
 SOH[LVVKRZLQJ%HQ6WLOOHU¶VQHZFRPHG\
$\VHO%HQ6WLOOHU"does he look like?
6DPLU+HLVTXLWHVKRUWZLWKEODFNKDLU+HZDVLQ³7URSLF7KXQGHU´
$\VHO2K,NQRZKLP6Rwould you prefer -an action lm or a comedy?
6DPLU,WKLQNSUREDEO\DFRPHG\DERXW\RX"
$\VHO<HV,DJUHH%HQ6WLOOHULVDOZD\VYHU\IXQQ\
6DPLU*UHDW:HOOOHW¶VJRWR&LQHSOH[WKHQtime does the lm start?
$\VHO,QKDOIDQKRXU:H¶GEHWWHUJRULJKWQRZ
6DPLU2.OHW¶VJRQRZ%XW.. is the quickest way to get there?
$\VHO:HOOZHFRXOGWDNHWKHWUDLQEXW,GRQ¶WNQRZVWDWLRQWRJHWR൵DW
6DPLU,W¶VQHDU9LFWRULD6WDWLRQ'RQ¶WZRUU\,NQRZKRZWRJHWWKHUH

4 GW/PW. Read the teenager’s letter and identify the main idea in it.

     , OLNH ZDWFKLQJ ¿OPV EXW , GRQ¶W OLNH DFWLRQ ¿OPV

+RZ ERULQJ WKH\ DUH &ULPLQDOV VKRRWLQJ 1RWKLQJ HOVH
, DJUHH WKDW VXFK ¿OPV KDYH WKH ULJKW WR H[LVW 7KH\
KDYH VRPH SRVLWLYH IHDWXUHV 7KH\ DUH G\QDPLF
GUDPDWLF DQG IXOO RI VSHFLDO H൵HFWV %XW WKH\ DUH
XQUHDOLVWLF,WKLQNLWLVXSWR\RXWRGHFLGHWRZDWFKD¿OP
RUQRW%HVLGHV\RXFDQ¿QGERRNVIRUUHDGLQJ$VIRUPH
,SUHIHUUHDGLQJDERRNWRZDWFKLQJD¿OP 0XUDG

5 GW/CW. Fill in the diagram with your own ideas comparing

Reading and Watching.
%27+
5($',1* :$7&+,1*
‡LPSURYHVP\ZRUG
‡KHOSVPHDORW VWRFNYRFDEXODU\ ‡PDNHVPRUH
‡ ‡ PHPRUDEOH
‡ ‡ ‡
‡

94
 GRAMMAR POINT
&KDQJLQJIURP'LUHFW4XRWHGLQWR5HSRUWHG6SHHFK<HV1RTXHVWLRQV
From DirectQuoted Speech Into Reported Speech
$GGWKHFRQMXQFWLYHZRUGifRUwhether EHIRUHUHSRUWLQJD<HV1RTXHVWLRQ
8VHVWDWHPHQWZRUGRUGHUSXWWKHVXEMHFWEHIRUHWKHYHUE
• She asks me if I am a student.
• She says, “Are you a student?”
(Not: She asks me if am I a student.)
• He asks, “Have you ever read a • He asks me if I have ever read a
detective book?” detective book.
• I said to/asked her, • I asked her if/whether she liked
“Do you like watching lms?” watching lms.
• She said to/asked me, • She asked me if/whether I had
“Did you receive the application?” received the application.
6SHFLDO4XHVWLRQVLQ5HSRUWHG6SHHFK
7KHYHUE³ask´LVPRVWFRPPRQO\XVHGWRUHSRUWTXHVWLRQVEXWI wonderDQG
I want to knowDUHVRPHWLPHVXVHGWRR$IWHU:K+RZTXHVWLRQVWKHTXHV
WLRQZRUGLVXVHGDVDFRQMXQFWLRQ
• She asks me when I’ll/we’ll go to
• She asks, “When will you go to
the cinema.
the cinema?”
(Not: She asks me when shall I/we go
to the cinema.)

6 PW. Listen and practise changing the sentences into Reported Speech.

.KDGLMDVD\V³:KDWGR\RXZDQWWRGR"´ "

9DJLIVD\V³+RZFDQ,LPSURYHP\YRFDEXODU\"´ "

7KHWHDFKHUDVNHG³:KDWNLQGRIERRNVGR\RXOLNH"´ "

$\GDQDVNV³&DQ\RXUEURWKHUVSHDN(QJOLVKZHOO"´ "

1XUD\DVNHGPH³+DYH\RXHYHUEHHQWR&DQDGD"´ "

95
 Writing Test Your Memory

1 PW/GW. Ask questions and write answers looking through the model.
Model:
A: to have a nice evening.
A asks me, “Have you had a nice evening?”
A asks me if I have had a nice evening.
,VDEHOODWRJRWRWKHFLQHPD
*DEULHOODWRUHDGDGHWHFWLYHERRN
)DLJWRVHHWKH¿OP³7KH7LWDQLF´
/DODWRPDNHDSRVWHU
6DPLUWRZDWFK³$UVKLQ0DO$ODQ´RQ79
$JLODQG)LGDQWRGLVFXVVWKHLUIXWXUHSODQV
0HKULEDQWRHQWHUWKHZRUOG³$YDWDU´

2 PW. Answer your partner’s questions and write them in Reported

Speech looking through the model.
Model:A: What is your favourite novel?  B: _____________ .
$DVNHG%ZKDWKLVKHUIDYRXULWHQRYHOZDV

0XUDG:KDWLV\RXUIDYRXULWH¿OP"

0XUDG:KHUHLV6DP:RUWKLQJWRQIURP"

0XUDG:KHUHZDV6DP:RUWLQJWRQERUQ"

0XUDG:KLFK¿OPGLGKHVWDULQ"

0XUDG:KLFKUROHGLGKHSOD\LQWKLV¿OP"

0XUDG:KDWLVWKLV¿OPDERXW"

0XUDG:KRDUHWKHVWDUVRIWKLV¿OP"

3 PW. Make a paragraph about your most favourite book or film.

Pay attention to the conjuctive words.
*DEL,ZDQWWRDVN\RXVRPHTXHVWLRQVDERXW\RXUIDYRXULWH¿OP
• What’s your favourite lm?
• Have you seen the lm “Avatar?”
• Who is your favourite actor/actress?
• Why do you like his role/part and what specic features of a
character attract you most?
Model:
Gabi said that she wanted to ask me about my favorite lm.
She asked me what my favourite lm was.
96
 Assessment

1 Make a poster of your favourite film following the steps in the project
checklist. Follow the types of writing style.
Project Checklist
‡ Choose a lm you have seen or you would like to see.
‡ Find information about it on the Internet.
‡ Make a poster for the lm. Include information about: special eects,
the music, the plot and the main characters.
‡ Write a short plot summary and descriptions of the stars.
‡ Write about the special eects of the lm.

Model: ),/03267(5
$YDWDUWKHVFLHQFH¿FWLRQblockbusterRIDOOWLPHV

Directed by -DPHV&DPHURQ
Special visual
:HOWDGLJLWDO1HZ=HDODQG
eects by
Music by -DPHV+RUQHU

Starring 6DP:RUWKLQJWRQDQG=RH6DOGDQD

$YDWDULVDQHSLF'VFLHQFH¿FWLRQ¿OPZKLFKWDNHVSODFH
LQ WKH IXWXUH  RQ D SODQHW  FDOOHG 3DQGRUD ,W LV WKH ZRUOG RI
EHDXWLIXOIRUHVWVDQGVWUDQJHFUHDWXUHVDQGDOLHQVFDOOHG1D¶YL
Plot Summary
*UHHG\+XPDQVZDQWYDOXDEOHPDWHULDORQWKHSODQHWDQGWKH\
DWWDFNWKHSHDFHIXO1D¶YL$YDWDULVWKHVWRU\RIDQ$PHULFDQ
VROGLHUZKROHDGVWKHEDWWOHDJDLQVWKLVRZQSHRSOH

&DPHURQ ZURWH WKH VWRU\ RI$YDWDU LQ  EXW KH FRXOGQ¶W
PDNH WKH ¿OP WKHQ EHFDXVH WKH WHFKQRORJ\ KH QHHGHG
Special Eects GLGQ¶WH[LVW+HKDGWRZDLWDQRWKHUWZHOYH\HDUVIRUWKHQHZ
' WHFKQRORJ\ 7KH 1HZ =HDODQG FRPSDQ\ ZKLFK PDGH
³7KH/RUGRIWKH5LQJV´GLGWKHVSHFLDOH൵HFWVIRU$YDWDU
6DPLVDQ$XVWUDOLDQDFWRUZKRZDVERUQLQ%ULWDLQ+HSOD\V
Sam Worthington WKHUROHRIWKH$PHULFDQVROGLHUZKRUHIXVHVWRDWWDFNWKH1D¶YL
SHRSOH
=RH LV DQ$PHULFDQ DFWUHVV ZKR SOD\V WKH UROH RI WKH 1D¶YL
Zoe Saldana SULQFHVV =RH KDG WR OHDUQ PDWHULDO DUWV DUFKHU\ DQG KRUVH
ULGLQJIRUWKLVUROH6KHORYHVVFLHQFH¿FWLRQ

97
 Student Portfolio. Revise and Check Around Unit 2.

1 Complete the table.

,QWKH¿HOGRI :KDW,OHDUQHG +RZ,¶OOLPSOHPHQW

Listening
Speaking
Reading
Writing
Logical Thinking
Critical Thinking
Grammar Section
Other things

2 Work with your partner and make an interview. Imagine you are
a reporter, your partner is a famous actress/actor/writer or poet.
Think of five questions you would like to ask, and “a famous person”
should answer your questions.

3 Write an expository book review. (about 150-200 words).

Follow the model outline.

Model: Ƈ7LWOHDQGDXWKRU
³0XUGHURQWKH2ULH
QW([SUHVV´
 by Agatha Christie
 published in 1934
 a detective story
 one of the most famous
works by
A.Christie
DWLWLVDERXW
Ƈ:KRDQGZK Ƈ 3HUVR
W
 WK H WU DL Q FD OOHG WKH  2ULHQ QDOR
SLQLR
Setting: RQ  ࡳ QV
UH VV 0
([S W LV  WU DY HO OL QJ  RQ ([
FLWHP
XUGHU
 
  3RLUR 0
Plot: 'HWHFWLYH     ࡳ   HQW$ERR \VWHU\
UL HQ W 6XVS
WKH2 QG3RLURW 7R N\
D P DQ LVPXUGHUHGD RQWKH OLNHDU WKRVH ZKR RXFDQ¶WSX HQVH
ss : VWLOO H DOO\  W
JRRG HQMR\ P\V GRZQ
re
NLOOHUZKRLV
E xp
KDVWR¿QGWKH ERRN WHULHV
  RU
WUDLQ
: WU XW KI XO Y LY LGO\GHVFULEHG
Characters
VLQJ
Ending: VXUSUL

98
 4 Write a paragraph about your favourite film based on a book.
Use the connectors/ expressions given in the box.

,WKLQNDFWXDOO\EHFDXVHWKHUHDVRQLVLW¶VWUXH\HV
,GRQ¶WWKLQNDQ\RQHFRXOGGLVDJUHH,¶PDIUDLG,FDQ¶WDJUHH
PD\EH,¶PQRWVXUHEXWRQWKHRWKHUKDQGLQFRQFOXVLRQ

5 Write a review of a book or a film which you enjoyed.

Writing Guide
Brainstorm and Plan

:KDW¶VWKHQDPHRIWKHERRNRU¿OP"
:KRZURWHLWVWDUUHGLQLWGLUHFWHGLW"
:KDW¶VWKHVHWWLQJDQGZKRDUHWKHPDLQFKDUDFWHUV"
:KDWGLG\RXOLNHPRVWDERXWLW"
+DVLWJRWDJRRGSORWRUDQ\YHU\PHPRUDEOHVFHQHV"
:KDWGLG\RXWKLQNRILWRYHUDOO"

Write
3DUDJUDSKIntroduction 3DUDJUDSKOpinions
I’d like to recommend.... The things I liked most .... .
3DUDJUDSKDetails 3DUDJUDSK Conclusion
The book/lm is.... All in all, ... .
Check:
‡ order the content of papagraphs
‡ phrases for facts and opinions
‡ Reported Structure
‡ book and lm vocabulary

6 Find out mistakes and rewrite the sentences in Reported Speech.


Sample:0\IULHQGVDLGZKHQZDV:LOOLDP6KDNHVSHDUHERUQ(wrong)
0\IULHQGDVNHGPHZKHQ:6KDNHVSHDUHZDVERUQ(correct)
$JLOVDLGZKHQZDV:LOOLDP6KDNHVSHDUHERUQ
6KDKLQDVNVPHZKDWLV1L]DPL*DQMDYL¶VPDVWHUSLHFH
7KHWHDFKHUVDLGWRXVDWZKDWDJHGLG&KDUOHV'LFNHQVEHJLQWRZULWH
)LGDQDVNVKHUIULHQGZKDWLV$JDWKD&KULVWLH
,DVNHGP\SDUWQHULIGLGVKHUHDG6DPDG9XUJKXQ¶VSRHPV
7XUDOVD\VWKDWZKHQ,ZDWFKHG³$YDWDU´
0\IULHQGDVNHGPHZKLFK¿OPVGLG,OLNHZDWFKLQJ
$\GDQDVNHGLIFRXOGKHPDNHDSRVWHURQDPRYLH

99
 UNIT PROBLEMS ON THE EARTH
3 Lesson 1. Natural Disasters

What you’ll learn:

‡:KDWDQDWXUDOGLVDVWHUDQDWXUDOKD]DUGLV
‡:KDWWKHHDUWKTXDNHLV
‡:KDWVHLVPRORJ\LV
‡:KDWWKHFDXVHWKHH൵HFWRIQDWXUDOGLVDVWHUVLV
‡:KDWVFLHQWLVWV¶H[SODQDWLRQDERXWQDWXUDOGLVDVWHUVLV
‡+RZWRZULWHSDUDJUDSKVDERXWQDWXUDOGLVDVWHUV
‡+RZWRXVHYRFDEXODU\UHODWHGWRWKHWRSLF
‡+RZWRH[SUHVVRSLQLRQVDERXWWKHQDWXUDOGLVDVWHUV

Word File
FRQGHQVH>NԥQ‫ޖ‬GHQV@(v) thicken, deepen, devoparate
GHIRUHVWDWLRQ>‫ޙ‬GL‫ޙޝ‬I‫ܥ‬Uܼ‫ޖ‬VWHܼ‫ݕ‬Q@(n) the act of cutting down or burning the
trees in an area
GHVWUXFWLYH>Gܼ‫ޖ‬VWU‫ݞ‬NWܼY@(adj) causing destruction or damage
GLVDVWHU>Gܼ‫ޝܤ]ޖ‬VWԥ@(n) an event that causes much suering or loss/ a
great misfortune
GLVUXSW>GܼV‫ޖ‬U‫ݞ‬SW@(v) make it dicult for something to continue in the
normal way frequency
HYDSRUDWH>ܼ‫ޖ‬Y SԥUHܼW@(v) vanish into the air, steam
IUHTXHQW>‫ޖ‬IUL‫ޝ‬NZԥQW@(adj) happening or doing something often
KD]DUG>‫ޖ‬K ]ԥG@a thing that can be dangerous or cause damage
LQWHUUHODWH>‫ܼޙ‬QWԥUܼ‫ޖ‬OHܼW@(v) to (make) tie/contact, relate
RFFXU>ԥ‫ޖ‬N‫( @ޝܮ‬v) happen
UHVLVWDQFH>Uܼ‫ܼ]ޖ‬VWԥQV@(n) the refusal to accept syn: opposition to, strength
UHVSRQG>Uܼ‫ޖ‬VS‫ܥ‬QG@(v/n) to give a spoken or written answer to
somebody/something
UXVK>U‫(@ݕݞ‬v) move or to do something with great speed, often too fast
VFDWWHU>‫ޖ‬VN Wԥ@(v) throw or drop things in dierent directions so that they
cover an area of ground
WKUHDW>șUHW@(n) sign or cause of possible evil or harm
WUDFN>WU N@(v) chase, follow, watch
YLEUDWLRQ>YDܼ‫ޖ‬EUHܼ‫ݕ‬Q@(n) a continuous shaking movement or feeling
ZKLUOZLQG>‫ޖ‬Z‫ޝܮ‬OZܼQG@(n) hurricane, typhoon, cyclone, tornado, sandstorm

100
 Listening/Speaking

1 GW/CW. Listen to the definitions of the words and match them to the
pictures and talk about them.
GURXJKWW\SKRRQYROFDQRÀRRGWVXQDPL
HDUWKTXDNHWRUQDGRIDPLQHIRUHVW¿UH* DYDODQFKH

D E F

G H I

J K

L M

±DQH[WUHPHO\ODUJHZDYHLQWKHVHDFDXVHGE\DQHDUWKTXDNH
±DPDVVRIVQRZLFHDQGURFNWKDWIDOOVGRZQWKHVLGHRIDPRXQWDLQ
±DODUJHRSHQLQJDWWKHWRSRIWKHPRXQWDLQWKURXJKZKLFKJDVHVDQGODYDDUH
IRUFHGRXWLQWRWKHDLU
±WKHÀDPHVOLJKWDQGKHDW
±DYLROHQWWURSLFDOVWRUPZLWKYHU\VWURQJZLQGV
±DVXGGHQYLROHQWVKDNLQJRIWKHHDUWK¶VVXUIDFH
±DYLROHQWVWRUPZLWKYHU\VWURQJZLQGVZKLFKPRYHLQDFLUFOH
±ODFNRIIRRGGXULQJDORQJSHULRGRIWLPHLQDUHJLRQ
±ZKHQWKHUHLVOLWWOHRUQRUDLQIRUDORQJSHULRGRIWLPH
±DODUJHDPRXQWRIZDWHUFRYHULQJDQDUHD
* avalanche [ æv
lan ] snowslide, snowslip, snow mass 101
 Listening/Speaking

2 GW. Listen to the article and say what natural disasters are mentioned
here. And express your thoughts on the following questions.

• What is a natural disaster/ a natural hazard/calamity?

• What is the cause/result of natural disasters?
• What is the scientists’ explanation?
1DWXUDO GLVDVWHUV KDYH EHJXQ WR
RFFXU LQ PDQ\ FRXQWULHV ZLWK LQFUHDVLQJ
IUHTXHQF\ $QG ZKDW DUH WKH FDXVHV RI
QDWXUDO GLVDVWHUV ZKLFK DUH EHFRPLQJ PRUH
IUHTXHQW" 6RPH SHRSOH VD\ WKDW WKLV LV
RXU IDXOW 'XULQJ WKH ODVW  \HDUV D JUHDW
GHDO RI IRUHVWV ZHUH FXW  GRZQ LQ GL൵HUHQW
SODFHV'HIRUHVWDWLRQKDVOHGWRFKDQJHVLQ
ORFDO FOLPDWH7KDW¶V ZK\ ZH KDYH VR PXFK WURXEOH ZLWK ÀRRGV LQ PDQ\ SODFHV
7KHVFLHQWLVWVUHPLQGXVWKDWDOOHOHPHQWVDQGV\VWHPVDUHLQWHUFRQQHFWHGLQQDWXUH
,UUHVSRQVLEOH DWWLWXGH WR LW PLJKW OHDG WR WHUULEOH UHVXOWV7KH FRQGXFWHG UHVHDUFK
ZRUNKDVFRQ¿UPHGWKHLGHDDERXWQRWRQO\QDWXUDOEXWPDQPDGHFDXVHVRIWKHVH
ÀRRGV:KDW LV D QDWXUDO GLVDVWHU" 7KH GH¿QLWLRQ LV LW¶V WKH H൵HFW RI D QDWXUDO
KD]DUGWKDWD൵HFWVWKHHQYLURQPHQWDQGOHDGVWR¿QDQFLDOHQYLURQPHQWDODQGRU
KXPDQ ORVVHV$ QDWXUDO KD]DUG LV D WKUHDW RI D QDWXUDO RFFXULQJ HYHQW WKDW ZLOO
KDYH D QHJDWLYH H൵HFW RQ SHRSOH RU WKH HQYLURQPHQW 0DQ\ QDWXUDO KD]DUGV DUH
LQWHUUHODWHG )RU H[DPSOH HDUWKTXDNH FDQ FDXVH WVXQDPL DQG GURXJKW WKDW FDQ
OHDG GLUHFWO\ WR IDPLQH 7KH UHVXOWV RI QDWXUDO GLVDVWHUV DUH OLYHV ORVW KRPHV
GHVWUR\HGHFRQRPLHVGLVUXSWHG%XWWKHUHLVDUHDVRQIRUKRSH%\XQGHUVWDQGLQJ
KRZ DQG ZKHUH WKHVH QDWXUDO HYHQWV RFFXU ZH FDQ EXLOG DQG OLYH VDIHO\ RQ WKH
HDUWKDQGE\SURYLGLQJUHDOWLPHLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWÀRRGVHDUWKTXDNHVDQGRWKHU
KD]DUGV ZH FDQ UHVSRQG H൵HFWLYHO\ ZKHQ GLVDVWHU VWULNHV :H VKRXOG EXLOG
VWURQJHUVDIHUFRPPXQLWLHVWKDWDUHUHVLVWDQWWRQDWXUDOGLVDVWHUV

3 GW. Listen and change the statements into Direct Speech.


Sample:The scientists remind us: “All elements and systems are
interconnected in nature.”
7KHVFLHQWLVWVUHPLQGXVWKDWDOOHOHPHQWVDQGV\VWHPVDUHLQWHUFRQQHFWHGLQ
QDWXUH
7KH\VD\WKDWGXULQJWKHODVW\HDUVDORWRIIRUHVWVZHUHFXWGRZQLQ
GL൵HUHQWSODFHV
7KHVWXGHQWVD\VWKDWZHVKRXOGEXLOGVWURQJHUVDIHUFRPPXQLWLHVWKDWDUH
UHVLVWDQWWRQDWXUDOGLVDVWHUV
7KHWHDFKHUDVNVZKDWDQDWXUDOKD]DUGLV
$\GDQDVNVKHUSDUWQHUKRZDQGZKHUHWKHVHQDWXUDOHYHQWVRFFXU
7KHVWXGHQWDVNVWKHWHDFKHUZKDWWKHFDXVHVRIIUHTXHQWÀRRGVDUH
102
 REMEMBER!
$൵HFW
Affect is to influence.
‡Pollution affects fish.
(൵HFW
Effect is the result.
Effect -the change that something causes to
something else
‡7KHSROOXWLRQKDVDYHU\KDUPIXOH൵HFWRQRXU
KHDOWKThe pollution had an effect on the fish.

5HDVRQ
A reasonLVDIDFWZKLFKLVSXWIRUZDUGDVDPRWLYHRU
DQH[SODQDWLRQRULQRUGHUWRMXVWLI\VRPHconclusion*.
Reason
‡It was a great reason for being late.

Cause &DXVH
A cause is something which produces an effect,
which makes a thing happen.
‡It can be a cause for blindness.
5HVXOW -the outcome of an action or situation
The ight was cancelled as a result of heavy snow.

Then
Then refers to time.
‡We will go to class, then eat lunch.
Than
Than makes a comparison.
‡I would rather eat than go to class.

4 GW. Complete the sentences with “cause” and “reason” or

“affect” and “effect”. Some words can be used twice or more.
&DUHOHVVQHVVLVRIWHQWKHRI¿UHV
7KHRIWKHDFFLGHQWLVVWLOOQRWNQRZQ
:KDWLVWKHRIOLJKWQLQJ"
<RXUDWWLWXGHZLOOKRZVXFFHVVIXO\RXDUH
7KHRIHDUWKTXDNHVLVWKHKHDWLQVLGHWKHHDUWK
'HIRUHVWDWLRQFRQWULEXWHVWRWKHRIERWKDLUDQGZDWHUSROOXWLRQ
:KDWZDVWKHIRU\RXUUHIXVDOWRJRWKHUH"
6FLHQWLVWVDWWULEXWHFKDQJHVLQWKHZHDWKHUWRQDWXUDO
7KHUHLVQRIHDUWKHZKROHLVZRQGHUIXOO\LPSUHVVLYH
+RZFDQLW\RXUVWXGHQWV"
103
 Reading
1 GW. Read the answers 1-10 and match them with the questions a-j.
Pay attention to the intonation.

(DUWKTXDNHV
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
7KHOD\HURIWKH(DUWKLVGLYLGHGLQWRKXJH
SLHFHV WKDW DUH FRQVWDQWO\ PRYLQJ :KHQ
WZRRIWKHSLHFHVPRYHDJDLQVWHDFKRWKHU
DQHDUWKTXDNHKDSSHQV$ODUJHPRYHPHQW
FDXVHV D YLROHQW HDUWKTXDNH DQG D VPDOO
PRYHPHQWFDXVHVDPLOGRQH
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
7KH SODFH ZKHUH DQ HDUWKTXDNH EHJLQV LV
FDOOHG WKH HSLFHQWHU :KHQ DQ HDUWKTXDNH
KDSSHQVYLEUDWLRQVPRYHRXWZDUGIURPWKHHSLFHQWHU7KHVHUROOLQJYLEUDWLRQVDUH
FDOOHGVHLVPLFZDYHV$QGDQHDUWKTXDNHLVVWURQJHQRXJKWRFDXVHGDPDJHQHDULWV
HSLFHQWHU
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
:KHQWKHHSLFHQWHURIDQHDUWKTXDNHLVDWWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQLWFDQFUHDWHKXJH
VHDZDYHVDVWDOODV¿IWHHQPHWHUV
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
7KH\DUHYHU\GDQJHURXV7KHZDYHVFDQFURVVWKHRFHDQLQVHYHUDOKRXUV7KH\
GHVWUR\VPDOOLVODQGVUXVKLQJWRZDUGODQG,QDZDYHUHDFKHGNLORPHWUHV
LQODQGLQ3HUX
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
$IWHUDQHDUWKTXDNHSHRSOHFDQGLHIURPODFNRIIRRGZDWHUDQGPHGLFDOVXSSOLHV
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
7KHDPRXQWRIGHVWUXFWLRQFDXVHGE\DQHDUWKTXDNHGHSHQGVRQZKHUHLWKDSSHQV
ZKDWWLPHLWKDSSHQVDQGKRZVWURQJLWLV
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
6FLHQWLVWVXVHWKH5LFKWHU6FDOHWRPHDVXUHVHLVPLFZDYHV$VHULRXVO\GHVWUXFWLYH
HDUWKTXDNHPHDVXUHVRUKLJKHURQWKH5LFKWHU6FDOH
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
(DUWKTXDNHV DUH QRW MXVW VFDWWHUHG DQ\ZKHUH RQ WKH VXUIDFH RI WKH (DUWK 7KH\
KDSSHQLQDUHDVZKHUHSLHFHVRIWKH(DUWK¶VVXUIDFHPHHW(DUWKTXDNHVRIWHQRFFXU
RQWKHZHVWFRDVWVRI1RUWKDQG6RXWK$PHULFDDURXQGWKH0HGLWHUUDQLDQ6HD
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
2QHZD\WRSUHGLFWHDUWKTXDNHVLVWRORRNIRUFKDQJHVRQWKH(DUWK¶VVXUIDFHOLNHD
VXGGHQGURSLQWKHZDWHUOHYHORQWKHJURXQG
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
%HIRUHHDUWKTXDNHVSHRSOHFDQVHHFKLFNHQVVLWWLQJRQWKHWUHHV¿VKMXPSLQJRXWRI
WKHZDWHUVQDNHVOHDYLQJWKHLUKROHVDQGRWKHUDQLPDOVDFWLQJVWUDQJHO\

104
D:KDWFDXVHVHDUWKTXDNHV"
E:KHQDUHKXJHVHDZDYHVPDGH"
F:KDWLVWKHHSLFHQWUHRIDQHDUWTXDNH"$QGZKDWLVDVHLVPLFZDYH"
G+RZGDQJHURXVDUHWKHZDYHV"
H+RZFDQDQLPDOVSUHGLFWHDUWKTXDNHV"
I:KDWFDQ\RXORRNIRUWRSUHGLFWDQHDUWKTXDNH"
J:K\GRVFLHQWLVWVXVH5LFKWHU6FDOH"
K+RZFDQSHRSOHVX൵HUIURPHDUWKTXDNHV"
L:KDWGRHVWKHDPRXQWRIGHVWUXFWLRQGHSHQGRQ"
M:KHUHFDQHDUWKTXDNHVRFFXU"

2 GW. Debate. Express your ideas on these statements.

‡0RVWHDUWKTXDNHVFDXVHDORWRISURSHUW\GDPDJH
‡6RPHRIWKHZRUOG¶VHDUWKTXDNHVFDXVHVHULRXVGDPDJH
‡7KHDPRXQWRIGHVWUXFWLRQFDXVHGE\DQHDUWKTXDNHGHSHQGVRQZKHUHLW
KDSSHQVZKDWWLPHLWKDSSHQVDQGKRZVWURQJLWLV
‡3HRSOHFDQSUHGLFWHDUWKTXDNHVE\VWXG\LQJWKHZHDWKHU
3 GW. Make a paragraph on natural disasters in Azerbaijan using internet
sources and reading the “DYK” box.

Ƈ  6HLVPRORJ\ LV WKH VWXG\ RI HDUWKTXDNHV DQG D VHLVPRORJLVW LV D VFLHQWLVW
ZKR REVHUYHV HDUWKTXDNHV 6HLVPRORJLVWV JLYH XV D YDOXDEOH NQRZOHGJH DERXW
HDUWKTXDNHV7KHLUHTXLSPHQWPHDVXUHVWKHVPDOOHVWYLEUDWLRQVRQWKHVXUIDFHRI
WKHHDUWK7KH\DUHWU\LQJWR¿QGZD\VWRXVHNQRZOHGJHDERXWHDUWKTXDNHVWRVDYH
OLYHV DQG KHOS WR VROYH WKH ZRUOG¶V HQHUJ\ VKRUWDJH 7KH HDUWK¶V QDWXUDO DFWLYLW\
XQGHU WKH JURXQG DQG FUHDWHV HQHUJ\ LQ WKH IRUP RI KHDW ,I VHLVPRORJLVWV FRXOG
SUHGLFWHDUWKTXDNHVZHFRXOGVDYHDERXWKXPDQOLYHVHDFK\HDU+XPDQV
FDQFRQWUROPDQ\WKLQJVDERXWQDWXUHEXWWKH\FDQQRWFRQWUROHDUWKTXDNHV

4 PW. Change the sentences into Indirect Speech using suitable connectors.
7KHWHDFKHUDVNVFDQFDXVHHDUWKTXDNHV
7KHVWXGHQWVDVNHGWKHWHDFKHUGDQJHURXVWKHZDYHVFRXOGEH
:HDVNHGWKHWHDFKHUVFLHQWLVWVKDGWRXVH5LFKWHU6FDOH
$QDUDVNVKLVSDUWQHUSHRSOHGLHGLQQRUWKHUQ&KLQDGXULQJWKHHDUWKTXDNH
7KHVWXGHQWDVNVWKHJHRJUDSK\WHDFKHUKXJHVHDZDYHVDUHPDGH
2XUWHDFKHUVD\VKXPDQVFDQFRQWUROPDQ\WKLQJVDERXWQDWXUHEXWWKH\FDQ
QRWFRQWUROHDUWKTXDNHV
7KH\DVNVFLHQWLVWVFDQSUHGLFWHDUWKTXDNHV
:HZDQWWRNQRZHDUWKTXDNHVRIWHQRFFXU
7KHVFLHQWLVWH[SODLQHGDQGFDQPHDVXUHHYHQWKHVPDOOHVWYLEUDWLRQVRQ
WKHVXUIDFHRIWKHHDUWK
105
 Writing

1 IW/GW. Project. Make a presentation on “How to protect the Caspian

Sea, the rivers Araz and Kur, and the Topkhana forest?”
2 GW. Group up the words in the box according to the columns using
sources.
WVXQDPLVGURXJKWVDYDODQFKHVWRUQDGRHV
KXUULFDQHVÀRRGVHDUWKTXDNHVKDLOVWRUPV
ZKLUOZLQGVKHDWZDYHVODQGVOLGHV¿UHV
/DQGPRYHPHQWGLVDVWHUV :DWHUGLVDVWHUV :HDWKHUGLVDVWHUV
‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡

3 PW/IW. Find the pieces that fit together and write them in the answer area.
WKXQGHU FDQH $16:(56
OLJKW TXDNH BBBBBBBBB
WRU VWRUP BBBBBBBBB
GLV SKRRQ BBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBB
HDUWK QDGR
BBBBBBBBB
W\ DVWHU BBBBBBBBBB
KXUUL VWRUP BBBBBBBBBB
KDLO QLQJ BBBBBBBBBB

4 GW. Match natural hazards in the box with their descriptions below.
Sometimes two options are possible.
DDQDYDODQFKHEDQHDUWKTXDNHFÀRRGVGDWVXQDPL
HDKHDWZDYHIDWRUQDGRJKDLOVWRUPV
LVRQHRIWKHQDPHVRIF\FORQLFVWRUPWKDWIRUPVRYHUWKHRFHDQV,WLVFDXVHG
E\HYDSRUDWHGZDWHUWKDWFRPHVIURPWKHRFHDQ7\SKRRQLVDQRWKHUQDPHIRULW
DUHUDLQGURSVWKDWKDYHIRUPHGWRJHWKHULQWRLFH
DUHWKHUHVXOWRISURORQJHGUDLQIDOOIURPDVWRUPUDSLGPHOWLQJRIODUJHDPRXQWV
RIVQRZRUULYHUVZKLFKULVHXSWKHLUOHYHOVRIZDWHU
  LV D SKHQRPHQRQ WKDW UHVXOWV IURP D VXGGHQ UHOHDVH RI VWRUHG HQHUJ\ WKDW
UDGLDWHVVHLVPLFZDYHV,WLVWKHVKDNLQJRIWKHJURXQG
LVDVOLGHRIDODUJHVQRZRUURFNPDVVGRZQDPRXQWDLQVLGH,WLVRQHRIWKH
PDMRUGDQJHUVIDFHGLQPRXQWDLQVLQZLQWHU
LVDZDYHRIZDWHUFDXVHGE\WKHGLVSODFHPHQWRIDERG\RIZDWHU,WFDQEH
FDXVHGE\XQGHUVHDHDUWKTXDNHVRUE\PHWHRURORJLFDOSKHQRPHQD
LVDKD]DUGFKDUDFWHULVHGE\KHDWZKLFKLVFRQVLGHUHGH[WUHPHDQGXQXVXDOLQ
WKHDUHDLQZKLFKLWRFFXUV
106
 Assessment
1 Read the paragraphs A-E and refer them to the questions 1-5.
Act out the interview.
$2YHUWKHZDUPSDUWVRIRFHDQVWRUQDGRHVDUHFRPPRQ
LQVRPHSDUWVRIWKH86$$XVWUDOLDDQG-DSDQ
% 7KH ZDWHU HYDSRUDWHV IURP WKH ZDUP VHD 7KLV
FRQGHQVHVLQWKHDWPRVSKHUH+RWDQGZHWDLUULVHVXS,W
EHFRPHVDVWURQJZLQG
&6FLHQWLVWVFDQXVXDOO\WUDFNKXUULFDQHVEXWWKH\FDQ
QRWVWRSWKHP6RSHRSOHDUHLQIRUPHGDERXWKXUULFDQHV
EHIRUHWKH\RFFXU
' 7URSLFDO VWRUPV ZLWK VWURQJ ZLQGV VWDUW DW VHD
DQG FDQ WUDYHO D ORQJ  GLVWDQFH 7KH\ KDYH GL൵HUHQW QDPHV LQ GL൵HUHQW SODFHV
³KXUULFDQHV´LQWKH$WODQWLFRFHDQDQGDURXQG$XVWUDOLD7RUQDGRHVRUZKLUOZLQGV
DUHVLPLODUEXWEHJLQRYHUODQG
(7KH\FDQD൵HFWVKLSVEORZGRZQKRXVHVFDXVHÀRRGVDQGGLVUXSWWUD൶ F
1. What are hurricanes? 2. Where do they happen?
3. How do they aect people? 4. Can scientists stop hurricanes? How?
5. What can people do when hurricanes occur?

2 Write the correct synonym and antonym for each word in the chart.
:RUGV 6\QRQ\PV $QWRQ\PV 6HQWHQFH

lift pick up drop

create
respond
mild
forbid
destroy
dangerous
observe
cause
tiny

3 Discuss in pairs how people can protect themselves from hurricanes.

Ask students to write some sulitions as well.

4 Find out the meaning of these words given in the box and build up
sentences using them.
GHVWUXFWLRQVHLVPRORJ\SUHGLFWHDUWKTXDNHVXGGHQ
GURSWRPHDVXUHGDQJHURXVZDYHVFDXVH
D൵HFWRFFXUIDPLQHGURXJKWÀRRG

107
 Lesson 2. Climate Change

What you’ll learn:

‡:KDWFOLPDWHLV
‡:K\FOLPDWHFKDQJHLVWKHELJJHVWSUREOHPRQWKH(DUWK
‡:KDWLQÀXHQFHFOLPDWHKDVRQKXPDQVDQGSODQWVDQGDQLPDOV
‡:KDWWKHZHDWKHULVOLNHLQGL൵HUHQWSODFHV
‡+RZWKHZHDWKHUZLOOEHLQIXWXUH

Word File
DEVRUE>ԥE‫ޝܧ]ޖ‬E@(v) take in a liquid, gas or other substance from the
surface or space around
DOWHU>‫ޝܧޖ‬OWԥ@(v) make dierent, change, vary
FRQVLGHUDEO\ >‫ޖ‬NԥQVܼGԥUԥEOܼ@ by a notable large amount or extent greatly,
much, very much
FUXVK>NU‫(@ݕݞ‬v) press or squeeze something so hard that it is damaged or
injured, or loses its shape
GHFDGH>‫ޖ‬GHNHܼG@(n) ten years, a period of ten years
GRXEWIXO>‫ޖ‬GD‫ݜ‬WÀ@(adj) not sure; uncertain and feeling doubt
HPLVVLRQ>L‫ޖ‬Pܼ‫ݕ‬Q@(n) the production or sending out of light, heat, gas, etc.
JODFLHU>‫ܳޖ‬O VLԥ@(n) a large mass of ice, formed by snow on mountains, that
moves very slowly down a valley
KDOW>K‫ޝܧ‬OW@(v) stop; make somebody or something stop
LPSDFW>‫ܼޖ‬PS NW@(n) the powerful eect that something has on
somebody/something
LQWULFDWH>‫ܼޖ‬QWUܼNԥW@(adj) having a lot of dierent parts and small details that
t together
PHWKDQH>‫ޖ‬PL‫ޝ‬șHܼQ@(n) a gas without colour or smell, that burns easily
and is used as fuel.
VFHSWLF>‫ޖ‬VNHSWܼN@(n) a person who usually doubts that claims or
statements are true, especially those that other people believe in
VSHOO>VSHO@(n) a short period of time during which something lasts
WUDS>WU S@(n) a piece of equipment for catching animals

1 IW. Choose and write the words with the same sound in the right column.
Tick the ones with a different sound.

PHWKDQHFUXVKLPSDFWWKHPDWLF$VLDQJODFLHUWUDSDEVRUE
HPLVVLRQSUDFWLVHVFHSWLFSDWULRWLVPD]RQHVSHOO

> @ >]@ >V@ >‫@ݕ‬ >ș@

‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
108
 Listening/Speaking
2 PW. Look at the weather map and speak about the weather. Use the
weather words.
Model: Agil: What’s the weather like in Rome?
Fidan: It is sunny. The temperature is +12C.
Agil: What’s the climate like in Italy?
Fidan: In summer it’s generally hot, with a lot of sunshine. In winter it’s mild
and wet. The average summer temperature is+24C. The average winter
temperature is +6C.

&OLPDWHLVWKHZHDWKHUWKDWDFHUWDLQSODFHKDVRYHUDORQJSHULRGRI
WLPH&OLPDWHKDVDYHU\LPSRUWDQWLQÀXHQFHRQSODQWVDQLPDOVDQG
KXPDQV$QGLWLVGL൵HUHQWLQGL൵HUHQWSDUWVRIWKHZRUOG
6XPPHU :LQWHU
&RXQWU\
7HPSHUDWXUH 7HPSHUDWXUH
America ƒ& ƒ&
Australia ƒ& ƒ&
Austria ƒ& ƒ&
Belgium ƒ& ƒ&
England ƒ& ƒ&
France ƒ& ƒ&
Germany ƒ& ƒ&ƒ&
Holland ƒ& ƒ&
Russia ƒ& ƒ&ƒ&

109
 Listening/Speaking

3 GW. Listen to the magazine article, try to generalize and express your
thoughts. Choose the best title.
a) Global Heat b) Very Hot c) Global Warming

d) Climate Change in Europe e) Problems or Benets?

,I \RX ZDQW WR NQRZ ZKDW

WKH ZHDWKHU¶V JRLQJ WR EH OLNH WKLV
ZHHNHQGDVNDZHDWKHUPDQ,I\RX
ZDQW WR NQRZ ZKDW LW¶OO EH OLNH LQ
\HDUVDVNDVFLHQWLVW7KHPRVW
LPSRUWDQW LQÀXHQFH RQ WKH ZHDWKHU
RI WKH IXWXUH LV OLNHO\ WR EH JOREDO
ZDUPLQJ *OREDO ZDUPLQJ PD\ RU
PD\QRWEHWKHJUHDWHQYLURQPHQWDO
FULVLVRIWKHQH[WFHQWXU\+HUH¶VZKDWZHNQRZDERXWJOREDOZDUPLQJ6LQFHWKH
,QGXVWULDO$JHWKHFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIWKHVRFDOOHGJUHHQKRXVHJDVHVFDUERQGLR[LGH
PHWKDQH DQG RWKHUV LQ WKH DWPRVSKHUH KDV ULVHQ DERXW  SHUFHQW 2QH RSLQLRQ
LVWKDWWKHVHWHQGHQFLHVDUHFRQQHFWHGZLWKLQGXVWULDODQGWUDQVSRUWDWLRQHPLVVLRQV
WKDW LQFUHDVHG FDUERQ GLR[LGH WUDSSLQJ PRUH KHDW LQ WKH DWPRVSKHUH DQG UDLVLQJ
WHPSHUDWXUHV $QRWKHU RSLQLRQ LV WKDW WKH VPDOO WHPSHUDWXUH ULVH LV D QDWXUDO
FOLPDWLFYDULDWLRQ6FLHQWLVWVVD\WKDWWKHQH[WKXQGUHG\HDUVWKHHDUWKZLOOKHDWXS
IXUWKHU ,Q  KXQGUHGV RI VFLHQWLVWV IURP DURXQG WKH ZRUOG SUHGLFWHG D ULVH RI
DQ\ZKHUH EHWZHHQ  DQG  GHJUHHV E\  %XW VRPH UHJLRQV ZLOO EHFRPH
ZDUPHU DQG RWKHUV HVSHFLDOO\ QRUWKHUQ FRQWLQHQWV ZLOO EHFRPH PXFK ZDUPHU
7KH 86$ LV IDFLQJ D WHPSHUDWXUH ULVH RI  WR  GHJUHHV :H GRQ¶W NQRZ ZKDW
WKHH൵HFWVRIJOREDOZDUPLQJPLJKWEH:DUPHUZHDWKHUPLJKWPDNHVRPHDUHDV
PRUH DWWUDFWLYH DQG RWKHUV OHVV %HFDXVH ZKDW ZLOO KDSSHQ WR WKH ZRUOG LV VWLOO
XQFHUWDLQZKDWZLOOKDSSHQWRDSDUWLFXODUUHJLRQLVHYHQPRUHXQFHUWDLQ:HGRQ¶W
NQRZKRZWRSUHYHQWZDUPLQJ6WDELOL]LQJHPLVVLRQVLVQ¶WHQRXJK1RRQHNQRZV
KRZWRORZHUHPLVVLRQVZLWKRXWFUXVKLQJWKHZRUOGHFRQRP\

4 CW/PW. Find True/False statements giving explanation. T F

:HNQRZPRUHDERXWJOREDOZDUPLQJWKDQZHGRQ¶W
$VWKHFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIJUHHQKRXVHJDVHVLQWKHDWPRVSKHUH
KDVULVHQWHPSHUDWXUHVKDYHLQFUHDVHG
7KHVFLHQWLVWVDUHVXUHRIKRZPXFKWKHWHPSHUDWXUHZLOOULVHLQ
WKHQH[WFHQWXU\
%\QRUWKHUQUHJLRQVZLOOZDUPOHVVWKDQRWKHUUHJLRQV
6WDELOL]LQJHPLVVLRQVFDQSUHYHQWJOREDOZDUPLQJ
*OREDOZDUPLQJZLOOFUXVKWKHZRUOGHFRQRP\

110
 Reading

1 GW. Read the article and match the headings A-I with the paragraphs
1-8. There is an extra heading that you don’t need.
A. It’s not Just Us! F. The Weather Forecast

B. Mother Earth
G. Water, Water All Around!
C. Not Everyone Agrees
H. We Need to Buy Time!
D. A New Ice Age?

E. The Food We Eat I. Who is to Blame?

7KH&KDQJLQJ:HDWKHU
 &OLPDWHFKDQJHLVRQHRIWKH
ELJJHVW SUREOHPV WRGD\ 7KH
SODQHW¶V FOLPDWH KDV FRQVWDQWO\ 
FKDQJHG WKURXJKRXW KLVWRU\
3UHYLRXVO\ WKLV ZDV GXH WR
QDWXUDO SURFHVVHV %XW QRZ LW LV
PDLQO\ GXH WR PDQ¶V DFWLYLWLHV
7KH HDUWK LV NHSW ZDUP E\
JUHHQKRXVH JDVHV :LWKRXW WKHVH
WKH ZRUOG ZRXOG EH H[WUHPHO\
FROG 7KH SUREOHP LV WKDW PDQ¶V
DFWLYLWLHV KDYH SURGXFHG H[WUD
JUHHQKRXVHJDVHVOLNHFDUERQGLR[LGHZKLFKKDYHLQFUHDVHGWHPSHUDWXUHV
 6FLHQWLVWVIHDUWKDWE\WKHHQGRIWKHFHQWXU\WKHWHPSHUDWXUHZLOOKDYHULVHQE\
WRGHJUHHV7KLVPHDQVWKDWWKHUHFRXOGEHPRUHUDLQLQPDQ\SDUWVRIWKHZRUOG
DJUHDWHUQXPEHURIKRWGD\VDQGIHZHUFROGGD\V2WKHUDUHDVKRZHYHUZLOOVHH
OHVVUDLQIDOODQGWKHSRODU LFHVKHHWVFRXOGEHJUHDWO\UHGXFHG
 7KHUHZLOOEHLQFUHDVHLQWHPSHUDWXUHZKLFKZLOOFDXVHWKHOHYHORIWKHVHDVWR
ULVH7KLVLVEHFDXVHWKHVHDDEVRUEVDWPRVSKHULFKHDWPDNLQJLWH[SDQGDQGWKXV
ULVH,QDGGLWLRQJODFLHUVDQGWKHSRODULFHVKHHWVZLOOKDYHPHOWHG7KHQH[WUHVXOW
FRXOGEHDULVHLQVHDOHYHOVRIXSWR¿YHPHWUHV6XFKFKDQJHVZLOOOHDGWRÀRRGLQJ
FDWDVWURSKLFÀRRGVWKDWKDSSHQHYHU\KXQGUHG\HDUVPLJKWRFFXUHYHU\GHFDGH
 2XUKHDOWKZLOODOVREHD൵HFWHGDVVFLHQWLVWVEHOLHYHDZDUPHUZRUOGZLOOEHDQ
XQKHDOWKLHU SODFH :DUP ZLQWHUV ZLOO PHDQ IHZHU GHDWKV IURP H[WUHPH FROG EXW
EDFWHULD WKDW QRUPDOO\ GLH LQ VXFK FROG VSHOOV ZLOO WKULYH LQ WKH ZDUPHU ZHDWKHU
DQGVSUHDGLQIHFWLRQVIXUWKHU
  +HDW ZDYHV ZLOO FDXVH PRUH GHDWKV IURP KHDUW DWWDFNV LQFUHDVH LQ VNLQ
FDQFHUDQGPRUHIRRGSRLVRQLQJ7KLVLVWKHPDWWHURIGLVHDVHVIURPZDUPHU]RQHV
WKDWVSUHDGWRQHZDUHDV
* constantly [ knst
ntli ](adv) continuously over a period of time, always, continually
* polar [poul
] (adj) of or relating to the North or South Pole, cold, freezing, icy, glacial 111
   :LOGOLIH DQG SODQWV ZLOO QRW UHPDLQ XQD൵HFWHG /HVV ZLQWHU VQRZ DQG KRWWHU
VXPPHUVZLOOKDYHDQHQRUPRXVLPSDFWRQOLIH5LVLQJVHDOHYHOVwill have
reducedGU\VXUIDFHDUHDVOHDGLQJWROHVVIRRGDQGVKHOWHUIRURWKHUVSHFLHVE\
7KHPRVWGUDPDWLFLPSDFWZLOOEHIHOWDWWKHSROHVZKHUHPDQ\FUHDWXUHVGHSHQGRQ
WKHLFHWRVXUYLYH
  )DUPLQJ SUDFWLFHV FRXOG EH DOWHUHG 6FLHQWLVWV SUHGLFW WKDW FKDQJHV LQ WKH
ZHDWKHU ZLOO PHDQ WKDW ZH shall have grown VRPH FURSV IXUWKHU QRUWK )RU
LQVWDQFH WKH 8. FRXOG VHH YLQH\DUGV  DQG VZHHW FRUQ 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG GULHU
VXPPHUV FRXOG GHVWUR\ FURSV WKDW QHHG PRUH ZDWHU /RQJHU ZDUP SHULRGV FRXOG
DOVRPHDQPRUHSHVWV WKDWFRXOGGDPDJHDJULFXOWXUHHYHQPRUHWKDQXVXDO
 7KHUHDUHVFHSWLFV(skeptics)KRZHYHU6RPHVFLHQWLVWVUHPDLQGRXEWIXODERXW
WKH JUHHQKRXVH H൵HFW7KH\ VD\ WKDW LW LV WRR FRPSOH[ WR PDNH SUHGLFWLRQV DERXW
7KH\ DOVR VD\ LW LV XQOLNHO\ WKDW VXFK DQ LQWULFDWH V\VWHP FRXOG EH D൵HFWHG E\
RQHSDUWDVVPDOODVJUHHQKRXVHJDVHV*UHHQKRXVHJDVHVFDQVWD\LQWKHDLUIRUD
FHQWXU\,IZHFXWHPLVVLRQVLPPHGLDWHO\ZHSUREDEO\ZLOOQRWEHDEOHWRKDOWFKDQJH
LQWKHVKRUWWHUP+RZHYHUZHPLJKWVORZGRZQFKDQJHVZKLFKZRXOGJLYHXVD
FKDQFHWRGRVRPHWKLQJDERXWWKHSUREOHP

2 GW. Read the article (See task 1. p 111-112) and define its style.
Pay attention to the parts given in italics. Set your own examples
looking through the “Grammar Point”.
GRAMMAR POINT
7KH)XWXUH3HUIHFW7HQVH)RUP
We use the Future Perfect with a future time word, (and often with “by”) to talk
about an action that will nish before a certain time in the future, but we don’t
know exactly when.
$൶
UPDWLYH $GYHUEVRI7LPH
shall by the time you come
Subject have Past Participle II
will by 2030
,ZH VKDOO KDYH 9HG by this time tomorrow
<RXWKH\ by 6 tomorrow
ZLOO KDYH 9HG
KHVKHLW by this time next year
1HJDWLYH
,ZH VKDOOQRW KDYH 9HG ,ZHshan’thave9HG
<RXWKH\ <RXWKH\KHVKHLW
ZLOOQRW KDYH 9HG
KHVKHLW won’thave9HG
,QWHUURJDWLYH
6KDOO ,ZH KDYH 9HG Shall,ZHhave9HG
Will\RXWKH\KHVKHLW
have9HG
\RXWKH\
:LOO KDYH 9HG Sample Will you have
KHVKHLW
nished your work by 2
o’clock tomorrow?
112 * pest [pest ] (n) 1. an insect or animal that destroys plants, food, etc.
2. calamity
3 CW/GW. Read and complete the table analyzing the statements in task 1.
Think of evidence to support your view and make notes in the table below.

³7KHZHDWKHUZLOOEHKRWWHUWRPRUURZWKDQWRGD\´

$JUHH 'LVDJUHH 2SLQLRQ (YLGHQFH

‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
‡

4 GW. Say the sentences in the Future Perfect tense form.

0\PRWKHUZLOOSUHSDUHDGHOLFLRXVPHDOWRPRUURZ
0RGHUQHTXLSPHQWZLOOPHDVXUHWKHVPDOOHVWYLEUDWLRQVRQWKHHDUWK
6FLHQWLVWVZLOO¿QGQHZZD\VWRPHDVXUHHDUWKTXDNHV
7KH\VD\WKHFOLPDWHZLOOFKDQJHLQWKHIXWXUH
:H¶OOOHDUQDOOWKHPDWHULDOVLQWKLVERRN
-DFNZLOO¿QLVKKLVKRPHZRUNZKHQKLVPRWKHUJHWVKRPH
5 IW/PW. Look at the highlighted words in the passage and find their
definitions.
7KHZHDWKHULVDQLPSRUWDQWWRSLFRIFRQYHUVDWLRQIRUWKH%ULWLVKEXWLQ
WKH\ KDG WR WDON DERXW LW PRUH WKDQ XVXDO ,W ZDV D \HDU ZLWK YHU\ XQXVXDO 
ZHDWKHUSDWWHUQV$UDLQ\VSULQJWKHZHWWHVWHYHUUHFRUGHGWKHKRWWHVWVXPPHUDQG
RQHRIWKHFROGHVWZLQWHUVWKH\KDGH[SHULHQFHG,QIDFWVLQFHWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKH
VUDLQIDOOGXULQJVWRUPVKDVLQFUHDVHGGUDPDWLFDOO\DOORYHUWKHZRUOG
:K\ DUH ZH KDYLQJ DOO WKHVH FKDQJHV" &OLPDWRORJLVWV DJUHH WKDW JOREDO ZDUPLQJ
LV WR EODPH IRU WKLV$IWHU D ORW RI LQYHVWLJDWLRQ  WKRXJK WKH\ DUH QRW DOO LQ
DJUHHPHQW DV WR KRZ WKLV ZLOO D൵HFW  XV :DUQLQJV  JLYHQ E\ VRPH
FOLPDWRORJLVWVVD\WKDWLIZHGRQ¶WSUHSDUHIRUGURXJKWVDQGÀRRGVZH¶OO
IDFH SUREOHPV OLNH VWDUYDWLRQ  2WKHUV VD\ WKDW ZLQWHUV ZLOO EH ZDUPHU VR
WKH JURZWK RI PRUH FURSV LQ PRUH SODFHV ZLOO EH SRVVLEOH ,Q DQ\ FDVH LW VHHPV
WKDWZHDOOVKRXOGEHSUHSDUHGWRH[SHULHQFHFKDQJHVLQWKHFOLPDWHDQGOHDUQ
WROLYHZLWKWKHP
a) the act of nding out the truth about an event
b) an event telling smb beforehand that smth unpleasant may happen in the future
c) the state of suering and death caused by having no food
d) a large amount of water covering an area that is usually dry
e) a long period of time when there is no rain
f) the condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and time
g) very bad weather with strong winds and rain
h) the regular pattern of weather conditions of a particular place
i) to produce a change in somebody/something
j) having of a great value
k) the total amount of rain that falls in a particular area

113
 Writing
1 IW. Write the verbs in the correct tense form.
%\ZH(to eat)RQO\SURFHVVHGIRRG 
7KHDXWKRULWLHVSUHGLFWWKDWE\ORWVRIELJFLWLHV (to become)XQLQKDELWHG
GXHWRDLUSROOXWLRQ
%\WKH\HDUPDQ\SHRSOH(to live)RQWKHPRRQ
7KHWHPSHUDWXUHRQWKHHDUWK(to rise)WRCDOO\HDUURXQGE\
%\UDLQIRUHVWV(to disappear)DQGWKHUHZRQ¶WEHHQRXJK
R[\JHQIRUHYHU\RQH
2 IW/GW. Discuss the questions trying to solve the problem. Then create a
paragraph on both questions.
• Have you noticed the eects of climate change in our country?
• What can we do to help to prevent the planet from getting warmer?
3 GW. Write a descriptive paragraph looking through the article about
the weather and using the given expressions in the box.
KRZHYHUWKHSUREOHPLVVFLHQWLVWVVD\WKDWEHFDXVHWKHQH[WUHVXOWHWF
5HPHPEHUWR
• describe the place you live in or you’d like to live in
• describe some advantages
• give your reasons for living in this place
([SUHVV\RXURSLQLRQDERXWWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRI
WKHODQGVFDSH
WKHFOLPDWH
WKHSHRSOH
WKHIRRG
HYHU\GD\OLIH
4 PW. Answer the questions and write predictions. Actitout
6KDKLQ:KDWVKRXOGEHGRQHWRSUHYHQWUHGXFHGLVDVWHUVKDSSHQLQJLQWKHIXWXUH"
.KDGLMDBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
6KDKLQ:KDWSUREOHPVGR\RXWKLQNGHIRUHVWDWLRQFDQFDXVH"
.KDGLMDBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
6KDKLQ:KDWDOWHUQDWLYHVRXUFHVRIHQHUJ\VKRXOGZHXVHLQVWHDG"
.KDGLMDBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
6KDKLQ:K\GRQ¶WZHXVHDOWHUQDWLYHVRXUFHVRIHQHUJ\QRZ"
.KDGLMDBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
6KDKLQ:KDWFKDQJHVGR\RXWKLQNSHRSOHFRXOGPDNHLQWKHLUHYHU\GD\OLYHV
LQRUGHUWRKHOSWRSUHYHQWWKHSODQHWIURPJHWWLQJZDUPHU"
.KDGLMDBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
*processed food±the food thatpassed through various stages of chemical
114
operations changed, but preserving its natural form
 Assessment

1 Listen to the passage and give your comments on the statements

in italics. Then fill in the table about your country.

³Water, water everywhere, but no drop

to drink,”VDLGWKHVDLORUIURP&ROHULGJH¶V
SRHP GHVFULELQJ WR D IULHQG  KRZ DZIXO
LW ZDV WR EH ZLWKRXW  GULQNLQJ  ZDWHU RQ
D VKLS LQ WKH PLGGOH RI WKH RFHDQ ,W LV
VWUDQJH WR WKLQN WKDW  WKH ZDWHU  DURXQG
KLVVKLSZDVSUREDEO\TXLWHVDIHWRGULQN
,W ZDV VDOW\  EXW QRW SROOXWHG Sea water
today is much more dangerous.There is no ocean or sea which is not used as a
dump*7KH3DFL¿F2FHDQHVSHFLDOO\KDVVX൵HUHGIURPQXFOHDUSROOXWLRQEHFDXVH
WKH )UHQFK *RYHUQPHQW WHVWV QXFOHDU ZHDSRQV WKHUH Many seas are used for
dumping industrial and nuclear waste. %ULWDLQ DORQH GXPSV  WRQV RI
LQGXVWULDOZDVWHVWUDLJKWLQWRWKH1RUWK6HD7KLVSRLVRQVDQGNLOOV¿VKDQGRWKHU
VHDDQLPDOV³Nuclear -poisoned´IRRGVKRXOGEHSURKLELWHGE\XV
0DQ\ULYHUVDQGODNHVDUHSRLVRQHGWRR)LVKDQGUHSWLOHVFDQ¶WOLYHLQWKHP
There isn’t enough oxygen in water.,QVXFKSODFHVDOOWKHELUGVOHDYHWKHLUKDELWDWV
DQGPDQ\SODQWVGLH,WKDSSHQVVREHFDXVHIDFWRULHVDQGSODQWVSURGXFHDORWRI
ZDVWHDQGSRXULWLQWRULYHUV6RWKH\SRLVRQZDWHU

&RXQWU\&LW\ $]HUEDLMDQ%DNX
3UREOHPVRQ(QYLURQPHQWZDWHUODQG ••
6ROXWLRQVKRZWRSURWHFWWKHP •
•

2 Choose the correct tense form.

:H¶OOhave used up/will be using upDOOWKH(DUWK¶VIUHVKZDWHUE\WKH\HDU
 $QLPDOV OLNH OLRQV WLJHUV HWF will probably have died out/ will be dying out
FRPSOHWHO\WKLUW\\HDUVIURPQRZ
,WKLQNSHRSOHwill have lived/will be livingPXFKPRUHHQYLURQPHQWDOO\IULHQGO\
OLYHVLQWKHIXWXUH
6FLHQWLVWVZLOOhave looked /will be looking IRUDVROXWLRQWRWKLVSUREOHPRYHUWKH
QH[WIHZGHFDGHV
$WWKHFXUUHQW UDWHZH¶OOhave cut down/ will be cutting downDOOWKHIRUHVWVE\

3ROLWLFLDQV¶OOhave discussed /will be discussingWKLVLVVXHDWDFRQIHUHQFHLQ0DUFK
I’ll have spent/shall be spending all my money by this time next year.
He’ll have run /will be running successfully in three marathons if he can nish this
one.
*dump [dmp] (n) rubbish or junk yard
*current [kr
nt] present
115
 Lesson 3. World Population Growth

What you’ll learn:

‡+RZPDQ\SHRSOHWKH(DUWKFDQVXSSRUW
‡,IWKH(DUWKKDVHQRXJKQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHVWRVXSSRUWPDQ\SHRSOH
‡:K\WKHZRUOG¶VSRSXODWLRQVWDUWHGWRLQFUHDVHUDSLGO\
‡:KDWUHVHDUFKHUVFDQSUHGLFWDERXWRYHUSRSXODWLRQ
‡+RZWRZULWHSDUDJUDSKVDURXQGWKHWRSLF
‡+RZWRXVHYRFDEXODU\UHODWHGWRWKHWRSLF
‡+RZWRH[SUHVVRSLQLRQVDERXWWKHZRUOGSRSXODWLRQ

Word File:

FKURQLFVKRUWDJHV>‫ޖ‬NU‫ܧ‬QܼN‫ޝܧݕޖ‬WܼG‫ @]ܼݤ‬long term, continuously decit or need

FRPPHUFLDO>Nԥ‫ޖ‬P‫ݕޝܮ‬O@(adj) trade, protable, mercantile
FUXFLDO>‫ޖ‬NUX‫ݕޝ‬O@DGMextremely important
GHFOLQH>Gܼ‫ޖ‬NODܼQ@(v) lower, fall, collapse
GHVDOLQDWLRQ>‫ޙ‬GL‫ޙޝ‬V Oܼ‫ޖ‬QHܼ‫ݕ‬Q@(n) the process of removing salt from ocean water
GHYHORSHG>Gܼ‫ޖ‬YHOԥSW@(adj) economically strong
H[FHHG>ܼN‫ޖ‬VL‫ޝ‬G@(v) go beyond the limit, overstep
IRVVLO>‫ޖ‬I‫ܥ‬VO@(n) the remains of an animal or a plant which have
become hard and turned into rock
JUDGXDOO\>‫ܳޖ‬U G‫ݤ‬XԥOL@ (adv) in a gradual way; syn: slowly, slowly but
surely, little by little 
QDWXUDOUHVRXUFHV>‫ޖ‬Q ‫ݹ‬UԥOUL‫ޖ‬V‫ܧ‬Vܼ]@ raw materials found in nature,
such as trees, oil, and natural gas
RYHUSRSXODWLRQ>‫ޙ‬ԥ‫ݜ‬Yԥ‫ޙ‬S‫ܥ‬SMX‫ޖ‬OHܼ‫ݕ‬Q@the fact of a country or city
having too many people living in it
UHFUHDWH>‫ޙ‬UL‫ޝ‬NUL‫ޖ‬HܼW@(v) refresh, revive, renovate
UHQHZDEOH>Uܼ‫ޖ‬QMX‫ޝ‬ԥEO@(adj) that is not depleted bu use; that is replaced
naturally or controlled carefully, revolving, prolongable
WKUHDWHQ>‫ޖ‬șUHWQ@(v) scare, frighten, intimidate
XUEDQ>‫ޝܮޖ‬EԥQ@(adj) having to do with cities or towns

116
 Listening/Speaking
Diagnostic Assessment YES NO
Activities I can... I can’t...
‡describe pictures and problems on the planet Earth
‡talk about dierent countries
‡talk about diseases caused by pollution
‡give comments on statements about Earth problems

1 GW. Look at the map of world population and listen to the scientists’ ideas.
Share your points of view.

$ ,QGLDLVRQWUDFNWRH[FHHG&KLQDDVWKHPRVWSRSXODWHG
FRXQWU\E\,Q,QGLDEDELHVDUHERUQHYHU\GD\
RQDYHUDJH,QIXWXUH,QGLD¶VUHVRXUFHVVXFKDVVFKRROVDQG
KRVSLWDOVZLOOEHSHUPDQHQWO\RQWULDO DVWKH\WU\WRNHHSXS
ZLWKULVLQJGHPDQGV

% 0LOOLRQVRIFKLOGUHQDUHDWULVNRIFRQWUDFWLQJGLVHDVHVIURPGLUW\ZDWHU2QO\
VL[W\SHUFHQWRIWKHZRUOG¶VSRSXODWLRQKDVHDV\DFFHVVWRGULQNLQJZDWHU,QIXWXUH
LW¶V KRSHG WKDW DW OHDVW QLQHW\¿YH SHUFHQW RI SHRSOH ZLOO KDYH UXQQLQJ ZDWHU DW
KRPHEXWWKHUHDUHQRJXDUDQWHHVRIWKLV
& $VKXPDQLW\¶VQHHGIRUUHVRXUFHVDQGLQGXVWULHVKDVJURZQZHDUHQDWXUH¶V
H[WUDRUGLQDU\SROOXWHUVRIWKHSODQHW,QIXWXUHHYHU\RQHZLOOKDYHWRPRQLWRUWKHLU
SROOXWLRQODZ:KLOHWKHQXPEHURIKXPDQVKDVULVHQWKHQXPEHURIZLOGDQLPDOV
VXFKDVOLRQVDQGEX൵DORHVKDVGHFOLQHGIRUGHFDGHV:HDUHQRZSUHVHUYLQJWKH
JHQHWLFFRGHVRIDQLPDOVWKDWDUHLQGDQJHURIH[WLQFWLRQ,QIXWXUHZHKRSHWREH
DEOHWR³D൵HFW´³UHFUHDWH´WKHVHDQLPDOV

*trial [tra
l] (n) test, experiment 117
 Reading

1 GW. Read and make generalization expressing your thoughts on the

figures below.

)UHVKZDWHUIRUH[DPSOHLVFUXFLDOIRUKHDOWKDQGIRRGSURGXFWLRQ$VZHNQRZ
PRUHWKDQRIWKHZDWHURQ(DUWKLVVDOW\ZKLFKLVSRLVRQRXVWRERWKSHRSOH
DQG FURSV 2QO\  RI WKH ZDWHU RQ (DUWK LV IUHVK 7RGD\ GHPDQG IRU IUHVK
ZDWHULVJUHDWHULQFRXQWULHVDURXQGWKHZRUOG%\VFLHQWLVWVSUHGLFWWKDW
IRUW\HLJKW FRXQWULHV ZLOO KDYH FKURQLF VKRUWDJHV RI IUHVK ZDWHU ,W WDNHV D ORW
RIHQHUJ\WRUHPRYHWKHVDOWIURPRFHDQZDWHUDQGWKDWPDNHVWKHGHVDOLQDWLRQ
SURFHVVYHU\H[SHQVLYH
&OHDQDLULVDQRWKHULPSRUWDQWQDWXUDOUHVRXUFH+RZHYHULWLVWRRWKUHDWHQHG
E\WKHJURZLQJSRSXODWLRQ7KHDYHUDJHSHUVRQWRGD\FRQWULEXWHVDERXWPHWULF
WRQV  RI FDUERQ LQWR WKH DWPRVSKHUH HDFK \HDU 0RVW RI LW FRPHV IURP EXUQLQJ
IRVVLOIXHOVJDVROLQHFRDORLOZRRGDQGQDWXUDOJDV6FLHQWLVWVVD\WKDWWKHDPRXQW
RIFDUERQGLR[LGHLQWKHDLULVDOUHDG\KLJKHUWKDQLWZDVLQ:KDWH൵HFW
ZRXOGPRUHWKDQELOOLRQSHRSOHKDYHRQWKHDLUZHEUHDWKH"
:KLOHZHKDYHPDQ\GL൵HUHQWVRXUFHVRIFRPPHUFLDOHQHUJ\WKHUHLVDOLPLWHG
VXSSO\RIPDMRULW\RIWKHP7RGD\PRVWRIWKHZRUOG¶VFRPPHUFLDOHQHUJ\FRPHV
IURPWKUHHQRQUHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\UHVRXUFHVSHWUROHXPQDWXUDOJDVDQGFRDO7KUHH
TXDUWHUVRIWKLVFRPPHUFLDOHQHUJ\LVXVHGE\GHYHORSHGFRXQWULHV$VWKHVWDQGDUG
RIOLYLQJJRHVXSLQRWKHUFRXQWULHVVRWKHGHPDQGIRUHQHUJ\ZLOOLQFUHDVH
7KHDPRXQWRIODQGVXLWDEOHIRUDJULFXOWXUDOSURGXFWLRQLVOLPLWHG1HDUO\
RIWKHODQGRQWKH(DUWKFDQEHXVHGIRUFURSVZKLOHDQRWKHULVDYDLODEOHIRU
UDLVLQJDQLPDOV(DFK\HDUPRUHRIWKLVODQGLVORVW
DV FLWLHV JURZ DQG URDGV VWUHWFK DFURVV WKH ODQG
,QDGGLWLRQRYHUFXOWLYDWLRQ KDVDOUHDG\GDPDJHG
DQ DPRXQW RI IDUPODQG ,W LV SRVVLEOH WR LQFUHDVH
WKH DPRXQW RI IDUPODQG EXW RQO\ D OLWWOH 6RPH
IDUPODQG FDQ EH PRUH SURGXFWLYH LI SHRSOH VWDUW
XVLQJGL൵HUHQWIDUPLQJPHWKRGV
&OHDUO\WKHQXPEHURISHRSOHWKDWWKH(DUWKFDQVXSSRUWLQWKHIXWXUHZLOOGHSHQG
RQPDQ\WKLQJV7KH(DUWKPD\EHDEOHWRVXSSRUWELOOLRQSHRSOHEXWZKDWZLOO
WKHLUVWDQGDUGRIOLYLQJEH"$QGZKDWH൵HFWZLOOSHRSOHKDYHRQWKHHQYLURQPHQW"

  

   

  

*metric ton [metrk tn] a unit of weight equal to 1.000 kilograms (2.205lb) tonne
118 *overcultivation [
v
kltve
n] excessive cultivation; cultivating more
than necessary or normal
 2 GW. Complete the table thinking of the evidence to support your points
of view on the passages.

‡ The Earth has natural resources to support all people.

‡ The world’s population has started to increase rapidly.
• The Earth’s natural resources are limited.
• Today demand for fresh air, water and food is greater.
• Natural gas, petroleum and coal are the world’s commercial energy resources.
• Overcultivation has damaged farmlands in the US and Canada.
• New technologies will be available in the future.
‡We don’t know what the standard of living will be in the future.

Model:
$JUHH 'LVDJUHH 2SLQLRQ (YLGHQFH
‡ ‡ , GRQ¶W DJUHH WKH (DUWK ‡%HFDXVH,GRQ¶WNQRZ ‡
GRHVQ¶WKDYHHQRXJKZDWHU KRZSHRSOHZLOOOLYHLQ
UHVRXUFHV WKHIXWXUH

‡ ‡ ‡ ‡

‡ ‡ ‡ ‡

3 PW. Find the meaning of the words in the box and fill in the gaps with
the suitable one.

DWKUHDWEH൵HFWFODVWGVRXUFHHQRQUHQHZDEOH

IUHVRXUFHVJJUDGXDOO\KFUXFLDOLVWDQGDUGMJURZLQJ

7KHSRSXODWLRQRIWKHZRUOGLQFUHDVHGBBB
)UHVKZDWHULVBBBIRUKHDOWKDQGIRRGSURGXFWLRQ
:LQGLVDUHQHZDEOHUHVRXUFHZKLOHRLOLVDBBBUHVRXUFH
8VLQJPRUHVRODUDQGZLQGHQHUJ\ZRXOGKDYHDSRVLWLYHBBBRQWKHHQYLURQPHQW
,I\RXXVHZDWHUVORZO\LWZLOOBBBORQJHU
2YHUSRSXODWLRQFRXOGEHDBBBWRWKHKHDOWKRQWKH(DUWK
,QVRPHFRXQWULHVWKHBBBBRIOLYLQJLVKLJKHUWKDQLQRWKHUV
7KH,QWHUQHWLVDJRRGBBBRILQIRUPDWLRQDERXWSRSXODWLRQJURZWK
7KHBBBSRSXODWLRQLVFDXVLQJHQYLURQPHQWDOSUREOHPV
:HGRNQRZWKDWWKHHDUWK¶VQDWXUDOBBBDUHOLPLWHG
119
4 PW. Define the meaning of the words in bold and use context clues to
guess what each word means.
 ,Q WKH HLJKWHHQWK FHQWXU\ WKH SRSXODWLRQ RI WKH ZRUOG LQFUHDVHG JUDGXDOO\
+RZHYHULQWKHQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXU\WKHZRUOG¶VSRSXODWLRQJUHZYHU\UDSLGO\
%\WKH\HDUUHVHDUFKHUVSUHGLFWWKDWWKHSRSXODWLRQRIWKHZRUOGZLOOKDYH
EHHQELOOLRQ
)UHVKZDWHULVFUXFLDOIRUKHDOWKDQGIRRGSURGXFWLRQ
:KDWH൵HFWZLOOELOOLRQPRUHSHRSOHKDYHRQWKHDLUZHEUHDWKH"
:HGRQ¶WNQRZKRZORQJWKHZRUOG¶VVXSSO\RISHWUROHXPZLOOODVW
7RGD\GHPDQGIRUIUHVKZDWHULVJUHDWHUWKDQWKHVXSSO\LQURXJKO\
FRXQWULHVDURXQGWKHZRUOG
7KHQXPEHURISHRSOHWKDWWKH(DUWKFDQVXSSRUWLQWKHIXWXUHZLOOGHSHQGRQ
PDQ\WKLQJV
COMPARE AND REMEMBER!

The number of LV WKH VXEMHFW A number ofLVDQH[SUHVVLRQRI

LW¶VIROORZHGE\DSOXUDOQRXQDQG
DVLQJXODUYHUE
Sample:
‡The number of days in a week
is seven.
‡The number of books in the library
has risen to over 5 million.
TXDQWLW\PHDQLQJ“a lot of”.
,WLVIROORZHGE\DSOXUDOQRXQDQG
DYHUELQWKHSOXUDO
Sample:
‡A number of people visit the
museum every day.
‡A number of plants are used in/as
medicine.

5 GW. Read the “Do You Know?” box and give comments on the figures
given in bold type.

Ƈ  )RU WKRXVDQGV RI \HDUV WKH SRSXODWLRQ RI WKH ZRUOG LQFUHDVHG JUDGXDOO\
7KHQ LQ WKH PLGQLQHWHHQWK FHQWXU\ WKH ZRUOG¶V SRSXODWLRQ VWDUWHG WR LQFUHDVH
UDSLGO\,QWKH\HDUVEHWZHHQDQGWKHSRSXODWLRQRIWKHZRUOG
JUHZ IURP  ELOOLRQ WR  ELOOLRQ SHRSOH
%\  MXVW IRU WKLUW\ \HDUV WKH ZRUOG¶V
SRSXODWLRQ KDG KLW  ELOOLRQ ,Q 
ZH SDVVHG WKH  ELOOLRQ PDUN 7RGD\ WKH
ZRUOG¶V SRSXODWLRQ JURZV E\  PLOOLRQ
SHRSOH HYHU\ \HDU 7KDW LV DERXW 
SHRSOH HYHU\ GD\ %\ WKH \HDU 
UHVHDUFKHUV SUHGLFW WKDW WKH  SRSXODWLRQ RI
WKHZRUOGZLOOKDYHEHHQELOOLRQ

120
6 GW. Search for some information about our country and predict the
growth of the Azerbaijan population by 2050 looking through
the Fact Box.
Model:
The USA has a population of more than 325 million, and it’s the third largest
country in population in the world. About eighty per cent of the population
live in towns and cities. Experts think that in the middle of this century, the
population of the USA will be about 420 million.

FACT BOX

7KH:RUOG¶V/DUJHVW8UEDQ$UHDV
&LWLHV 3RSXODWLRQ
7RN\R<RNRKDPD-DSDQ 
-DNDUWD,QGRQHVLD 
6HRXO6RXWK.RUHD 
1HZ<RUN&LW\86$ 
6DQ3DROR%UD]LO 
0H[LFR&LW\0H[LFR 
0XPEDL,QGLD 
2VDND.REH.\RWR-DSDQ 
&DLUR(J\SW 
/RV$QJHOHV86$ 

:RUOG¶V/DUJHVW&RXQWULHVE\3RSXODWLRQ
&RXQWULHV 3RSXODWLRQ
&KLQD 
,QGLD 
86$ 
,QGRQHVLD 
%UD]LO 
3DNLVWDQ 
1LJHULD 
%DQJODGHVK 
5XVVLD 
-DSDQ 

121
 Writing Test Your Memory

1 GW/PW. Find out about a country in the European Union (EU) and
complete the table.
3URMHFW&KHFNOLVW
Find the information about any ...
&RXQWU\
$UHD
*HRJUDSKLFDO3RVLWLRQ
7\SLFDO:HDWKHU
3RSXODWLRQ
7KH)XWXUH

2 PW. Read the sentences and fill in the blanks using the suitable words
given in the box.
DVKRUWDJHV ESRSXODWLRQ FSURFHVV
GLPSRUW HWUHPHQGRXV ILPSDFW
7KHUHKDVEHHQDDFKLHYHPHQWLQVWRSSLQJWKHRYHUSRSXODWLRQLQ&KLQD
7KHJRYHUQPHQWLVLQWKHRI¿QGLQJQHZHQHUJ\UHVRXUFHV
7KHHQYLURQPHQWDORILQFUHDVHGSROOXWLRQWKUHDWHQVRXUSODQHW
0RVWRIWKHZRUOG¶VLVVX൵HULQJIURPSRYHUW\
'URXJKWFDXVHVZDWHUGXULQJVXPPHU
7KHJRYHUQPHQWHYHQWXDOO\ EDQQHGWKHRIHOHFWULFLW\ZKHQWKH\VWDUWHG
WRXVHRWKHUUHVRXUFHV
3 PW/IW. Write a paragraph following the given plan.

• Describe what your country is doing to solve the world population problem.
• Describe life in your city/town/village in ve years from now.
• Talk about natural resources in your city/town/village.

4 PW. Write your own predictions which are likely to happen in 30 years’
time. Then report what your partner has predicted as in the example.

(OQXU I believe people will travel from the Earth

to space every day simply by pushing a button.

6RQD My partner said that he/she believed people

would commute from the Earth to space every
day simply by pushing a button.

*eventually [vent
l ] after all, especially after a long delay, dispute or series of problems
122
 Writing

5 IW/PW. Rewrite the Quoted sentences in Indirect Speech.

Sample:
• Aydan’s brother said, “Will passengers in a rocket suer from the low temperature?”
• Aydan’s brother asked if passengers in a rocket would suer from the low temperature.

0HKULEDQVDLG³,KRSHWRZRUNIRU1$6$ZKHQ,JUDGXDWHIURP8QLYHUVLW\´
 2XU VFLHQFH WHDFKHU VDLG´ :H VKDOO KDYH WKH FKDQFH WR VHH WKH QHLJKERXULQJ
SODQHWVE\WKH\HDU
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

7KHFKLOGUHQVDLG³:HZDQWWRVWRSWKHYLROHQFHEHWZHHQQDWLRQVLQ
WKHQHDUHVWIXWXUH´
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

)XWXURORJLVWVSUHGLFW´:DWHUVKRUWDJHVFRXOGEHWKHFDXVHRIZDUDPRQJQDWLRQV
LIZHGRQ¶WWDNHDQ\PHDVXUHVQRZ´
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

6FLHQWLVWVVD\³*OREDOZDUPLQJLVWKUHDWHQLQJRXUSODQHW´
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

6 IW. Write the main idea of the passages (See task 1, page 118) and
express your points of view on the topic. Begin like this...
Model: • I think ....
• Today .....
• I don’t think ....

7 IW/GW. Make a report about the most important problems that our
planet is facing today.

8 PW/CW. Choose the correct form of the verbs.

$QXPEHURIMRXUQDOLVWVhas been/have beenWRWKHSDUW\WKLVZHHN
7KHQXPEHURIPRQWKVLQD\HDUis/areWZHOYH
$QXPEHURIVWXGHQWVwas/wereLQWHUYLHZHGLQWKHFRPSHWLWLRQ
$QXPEHURIVWUHHWVLQ%DNXis/areVWLOONQRZQE\WKHLUROGQDPHV
$QXPEHURIDFWLYLWLHVhas been/have beenKHOGE\JUHHQRUJDQL]DWLRQVODWHO\
7KHQXPEHURIPHPEHUVRIWKLVFRPSDQ\is/areDSSUR[LPDWHO\WZRWKRXVDQG
7KHQXPEHURISHRSOHdepend/dependsRQPDQ\WKLQJVRQWKH(DUWK
$QXPEHURIZLOGDQLPDOVis/areLQGDQJHURIH[WLQFWLRQQRZ
$QXPEHURIFKLOGUHQis/areDWULVNRIGLVHDVHVIURPZDWHUUHODWHGGLVHDVHV
$QXPEHURIULYHUVDQGODNHVwas/wereSRLVRQHGLQWKLVFRXQWU\DIHZ\HDUVDJR

123
 Assessment

1 Read the paragraphs and answer the questions predicting about

future. Match the headings to the paragraphs.
ƇWhat predictions can you make about future?
Ƈ Do you think future will be better than today?

1. The Eects of Overpopulation 2. Energy Revolution

3. High Technology 4. Changes on the Earth

$BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
7KH (DUWK ZHQW WKURXJK D SHULRG RI FDWDVWURSKLF DQG
LQWHQVH FKDQJHV GXULQJ LWV HDUOLHVW EHJLQQLQJV  ELOOLRQ
\HDUV DJR ,FH DJHV KDYH FRPH DQG JRQH DQG YROFDQRHV
KDYHHUXSWHG(DUWKTXDNHVKDYHVKDWWHUHG DQFLHQWPRXQWDLQV
DQG FKDQJHG WKH FRXUVH RI ULYHUV 1RZDGD\V VFLHQWLVWV DUH
VWXG\LQJWKHFKDQJHVZKLFKDUHOLNHO\WRWDNHSODFHLQ\HDUV¶
WLPH
 %BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
$UDSLGO\LQFUHDVLQJSRSXODWLRQLVRQHRIWKHFDXVHV
RIVRFLDODQGHQYLURQPHQWDOSUREOHPV7KHSRSXODWLRQ
JURZWKEULQJVWKHSUREOHPRIGHSOHWLRQ,IZHFDQQRW
IHHGELOOLRQSHRSOHWRGD\KRZZLOOZHVDWLVI\WKH
QHHGVRIELOOLRQSHRSOHRUPRUHE\"*OREDO
IRRGVKRUWDJHVZLOOEHFRPHPXFKPRUHVHULRXVWKDQ
WRGD\OHDGLQJWRSRYHUW\
 &BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
5HQHZDEOHHQHUJ\WHFKQRORJLHVDUHQRZUHDG\WREHXVHG
DQGZLOOPHHWWKHZRUOG¶VHQHUJ\GHPDQGE\:H¶OO
¿QGQHZHQHUJ\VRXUFHVOLNHZLQGDQGVRODUSRZHUWKDW
ZRQ¶WSROOXWHDQGZLOOQHYHUUXQRXW7KH\DUHDOVROHVV
H[SHQVLYHFRPSDUHGWRRWKHUVRXUFHVRIHQHUJ\

 'BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBZLOO EH HYHU\ZKHUH 7KHUH ZLOO EH QR ZLUHV RQ

DQGEHKLQG\RXUGHVN:H¶OOEHDEOHWRFRQWUROSHRSOH
DURXQG  XV ZLWK D WLQ\ PLFURFKLS  DQG WKURXJK WKH
DFFHVVWRWKH,QWHUQHW+HUHDUHVRPHPRUHSUHGLFWLRQV
DERXWWKHIXWXUH
7KHUHZLOOEHQRVWUHHWFDUVLQRXUODUJHFLWLHV$OOWUD൶
F
ZLOOEHEHORZRUKLJKDERYHWKHJURXQG3HRSOHZLOOEH
DEOHWRVHHWKHEXVFRPLQJFORVHUWRWKHLUVWRSE\PHDQV
RIDZHEVLWH
*microchip [makr
utp] microelectronics, silicon chip, a tiny wafer of semiconduct-
124 ing material used to make an integrated circuit,
*shattered [æt
d] (adj) destroyed, ruined, disrupted
 Assessment

2 Make up a dialogue and answer the questions and act it out.

Then discuss your partner’s answers.
6RQD +RZKDVWKHSRSXODWLRQRIWKHZRUOGFKDQJHGLQWKHSDVW\HDUV"
(OFKLQ __________________________________________________ .
6RQD :K\LVWKHVWDQGDUGRIOLYLQJGL൵HUHQWLQGL൵HUHQWFRXQWULHV" HV"
(OFKLQ _______________________________________________ ___ .
6RQD &DQWKHDPRXQWRIIDUPODQGRQWKH(DUWKEHLQFUHDVHG"
(OFKLQ__________________________________________ .
6RQD :K\FDQ¶WZHXVHPRVWRIWKH(DUWK¶VZDWHU"
(OFKLQ_______________________________________ .
6RQD :KDW¶VDQRQUHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\UHVRXUFH"
(OFKLQ_______________________________ .
6RQD :K\LVWKHGHPDQGIRUHQHUJ\LQFUHDVLQJHYHU\ZKHUHLQWKHZRUOG"
(OFKLQ__________________________________________________ .
6RQD ,VLWEHWWHUWRKDYHDVPDOOHUSRSXODWLRQZLWKDKLJKHUVWDQGDUGRI
OLYLQJIRUHYHU\RQHRUWRKDYHDODUJHUSRSXODWLRQZLWKDORZHU
VWDQGDUGRIOLYLQJ"
(OFKLQ____________________________________ .
6RQD :KLFK(XURSHDQFRXQWU\LVDPRQJWKHZRUOG¶VODUJHVW"
(OFKLQ ___________________________________________ .
6RQD :KLFKXUEDQDUHDRIWKHZRUOGKDVWKHODUJHVWSRSXODWLRQ"
(OFKLQ_____________________________________________ .
6RQD :KDWDERXWWKHSRSXODWLRQRI$]HUEDLMDQ"
(OFKLQ__________________________________________ .
3 Search and write the key words for these explanations.

UR¿W
GHGWR PDNHDS HFRQRPLFDOO\VW
URQJ
LQWHQ
ORQJODVWLQJ
WKHRYHUDOOTXDOLW\RIOLIH
WKDWSHRSOHH[SHULHQFH UDZPDWHULDOV
IRXQGLQQDWXUH
VXFKDVWUHHV 
RLODQGQDWXUDO
QG JDV
WRVD\EHIRUHKD
G H[WUHPHO\LP
RIEHLQ JUHQHZH ZLOOD൵HFWR
SRUWDQWEHFDXVH
LW
FDSDEOH WKHUWKLQJV

4 Build up sentences using the words and expressions from the box.
UHQHZDEOHVWDQGDUGRIOLYLQJFUXFLDO
WRLQFUHDVHWKHODUJHVWFRXQWULHVIDUPODQG
QDWXUDOUHVRXUFHVRYHUSRSXODWLRQXUEDQDUHDV

125
 Student Portfolio. Revise and Check Around Unit 3.

1 Complete the table.

,QWKH¿HOGRI :KDW,OHDUQHG +RZ,¶OOLPSOHPHQW
Listening
Speaking
Reading
Writing
Logical Thinking
Critical Thinking
Grammar Section

2 Match the definitions with the energy kinds.

DK\GURHOHFWULFFRPHVIURPPRYLQJWXUELQHVRUPLOOV
EVRODUHQHUJ\RLOJDVFRDOZKLFKFRQWULEXWHJOREDOZDUPLQJZKLOHEXUQLQJ
FQXFOHDU FRPHVIURPÀRZLQJZDWHULQULYHUVZDWHUIDOOVDQGVWUHDPV
GZLQG FRPHVIURPWKHVXQDQGFDQEHVDYHGXVLQJSDQHOV
HJHRWKHUPDOFRPHVIURPVSOLWWLQJDWRPVDQGSURGXFHVGDQJHURXVZDVWH

3 Fill in the gaps with the words from the box.

DSRSXODWLRQEOLYHFIDUPODQG
GVRXUFHVHJUDGXDOO\IGHPDQG
)RUWKRXVDQGVRI\HDUVWKHSRSXODWLRQRIWKHZRUOGLQFUHDVHG
%\WKH\HDUUHVHDUFKHUVSUHGLFWWKDWWKHRIWKHZRUOGZLOOEHELOOLRQ
:HGRQ¶WNQRZKRZSHRSOHZLOOFKRRVHWRLQWKHIXWXUH
7RGD\IRUIUHVKZDWHULVJUHDWHUWKDQEHIRUH
,WLVYHU\LPSRUWDQWWRLQFUHDVHWKHDPRXQWRI
:HKDYHPDQ\GL൵HUHQWRIHQHUJ\

4 Match the adjectives to their synonyms.

JOREDO DGL൵HUHQW
XUJHQW EXQUHDO
YDULRXV FHQRUPRXVLPPHQVH
H൶FLHQW GZRUOGZLGH
KDUPIXO HSURGXFWLYH
LPDJLQDU\ IÀRXULVKLQJLQFUHDVLQJ
WUHPHQGRXV JGDPDJLQJ
ERRPLQJ KLPPHGLDWH

126
4 Find the unscrambled words and write.

FLDUXFOOWHGLPLGDQHPGHQH\UJRQFKULF
SLFWUHGSRSRYHUWLXODRQQZDEHOHUHPHUFRPDOFL

5 Fill in the gaps with the words from the box.

7KHUHLVDBBBBDPRXQWRIRLORQWKH(DUWK DJUDGXDOO\
:KHQDXWRPRELOHV¿UVWEHFDPHBBBYHU\IHZ
SHRSOHFRXOGEX\WKHP EWHFKQRORJ\
,I\RXKDYHDBBBSUREOHPLWQHYHUJRHVDZD\ FFUXFLDO
6RPHFRXQWULHVDUHSRRUEHFDXVHWKH\KDYHYHU\IHZBBBB
:HGRQ¶W\HWKDYHWKHBBBWRVXSSO\WKHZRUOGZLWK GSUHGLFW
HQHUJ\ZLWKRXWXVLQJRLO
HDYDLODEOH
3HRSOHDUHBBBBOHDUQLQJWKDWZHPXVWWDNHFDUHRI
WKHHQYLURQPHQW IGHPDQG
:KHQWKHUHLVDQLQFUHDVHLQWKHBBBBIRURLOWKHSULFH
XVXDOO\JRHVXS JOLPLWHG
7KHKHDOWKRIWKH(DUWKBBBKRZZHXVHLWVQDWXUDO
KFKURQLF
UHVRXUFHV
5HVHDUFKHUVBBBWKDWWKHXVHRIFRDOZLOOLQFUHDVH LGHSHQGVRQ
PRUHWKDQRYHUWKHQH[WWZRGHFDGHV
,W¶VBBBIRUHYHU\RQHWRKDYHDVXSSO\RIFOHDQZDWHU MLQFUHDVHV
:KHQWKHUH¶VDVKRUWDJHRIVRPHWKLQJWKHSULFH NQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHV
XVXDOO\BBBB
7KHELJROGWUHHLQRXUIURQW\DUGLVGHDG:HKDYH OFXWGRZQ
WRBBBLWBBB
PSRSXODWLRQ
7KHJURZLQJBBBBBLVFDXVLQJHQYLURQPHQWDOSUREOHPV

6 Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

8VLQJPRUHVRODUDQGZLQGHQHUJ\ZRXOGKDYHDSRVLWLYH
7KHGHPDQGIRUIRRGDQGZDWHULVDOUHDG\JUHDWHUWKDQ
:LQGLVDUHQHZDEOHUHVRXUFHEHFDXVH
2YHUSRSXODWLRQLVDWKUHDWWRPDQ\DQLPDOV
6RPHSHRSOHWKLQNRYHUSRSXODWLRQLVQ¶WDVHULRXVSUREOHPEXW
,IZHXVHKRWZDWHUVORZO\LWZLOO
6RPHFRXQWULHVDUHSRRUEHFDXVH
7KHGHPDQGIRUHQHUJ\LVLQFUHDVLQJHYHU\ZKHUH
127
 UNIT OUR PLANET, OUR WORLD
4 Lesson 1. Go Green, Win Green!

What you’ll learn:

‡:KDWHYHU\GD\SUREOHPVSHRSOHIDFHRQWKH(DUWK
‡:K\SHRSOHJRJUHHQ
‡:KDWWKHPRVWH[SHQVLYHDQGYDOXDEOHJLIWIRUFKLOGUHQLV
‡:KDWWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHVD\LQJ“Go Green, Win Green!”LV
‡+RZSHRSOHFDQPDNHDGL൵HUHQFHLQQDWXUH
‡+RZWRZULWHSDUDJUDSKVDURXQGWKHWRSLF
‡+RZWRXVHYRFDEXODU\UHODWHGWRWKHWRSLF
‡+RZWRH[SUHVVRSLQLRQVDERXWWKHJUHHQZRUOG

Word File
DTXLIHU>‫ޖ‬ NZܼIԥU@(n) a layer of rock or soil that can absorb and hold water
DYDLODEOH>ԥ‫ޖ‬YHܼOԥEO@(adj) that you can get, buy or nd
FRQWDPLQDWH>NԥQ‫ޖ‬W PܼQHܼW@(v) to make dirty by adding a substance that is
dangerous or carries disease; make dirty, pollute, infect, spoil
GHSOHWH>Gܼ‫ޖ‬SOL‫ޝ‬W@(v) reduce something by a large amount so that there is
not enough left
GXUDEOH>‫ޖ‬GM‫ݜ‬ԥUԥEO@(adj) likely to last for a long time without breaking or
getting weaker
¿QLWH>‫ޖ‬IDܼQDܼW@(adj) having a denite limit or xed size
JURXQGZDWHU>‫ܳޖ‬UD‫ݜ‬QGZ‫ޝܧ‬Wԥ@(n)water beneath the earth’s surface, that supplies
wells and springs
LQYHVW>ܼQ‫ޖ‬YHVW@(v) buy property, shares in a company, etc. in the hope of
making a prot
UHIRUHVWDWLRQ>UHI‫ܧ‬UܼVWHܼ‫ݕ‬ԥQ@(n)replanting; the restoration of a forest that
had been reduced by re or cutting
VWUDLQ>VWUHܼQ@(v) pressure on somebody/something because they have
too much to do or manage, or something very dicult to deal with;
violate, abuse
styrofoam >‫ޖ‬VWDLUԥ‫ޙ‬I‫ܧ‬XP@ (n) foam plastic, foam rubber
VXVWDLQDEOH>Vԥ‫ޖ‬VWHܼQԥEO@(adj) involving the use of natural products and
energy in a way that does not harm the environment
WLGH >WDܼG@(n) wave, ow, stream
XWLOL]H>‫ޖ‬MX‫ޝ‬WԥODܼ]@(v) make use of

128
 Listening/Speaking
1 GW/PW. Look at the pictures and make a list of all problems that we
face on our planet.
Model : 1. air pollution
2. water pollution
3. destruction of buildings in towns
4. how water and air pollution inuence people’s health

2 CW/GW. Listen to the story and answer the questions giving your
comments.

7KH6WDU¿VK6WRU\
$QROGPDQZDVZDONLQJRQWKHEHDFKRQHPRUQLQJDIWHUDVWRUP,QWKH
GLVWDQFHKHFRXOGVHHVRPHRQHPRYLQJOLNHDGDQFHU$VKHFDPHFORVHUKHVDZ
WKDWLWZDVD\RXQJZRPDQSLFNLQJXSVWDU¿VKDQGJHQWO\WKURZLQJWKHPLQWRWKH
RFHDQ´<RXQJODG\ZK\DUH\RXWKURZLQJVWDU¿VKLQWRWKHRFHDQ"´
³7KHVXQLVXSDQGWKHWLGHLVJRLQJRXWDQGLI,GRQRWWKURZWKHPLQWKH\
ZLOOGLH´VKHVDLG
³%XW \RXQJ ODG\ GRQ¶W  \RX  UHDOL]H WKDW WKHUH DUH PDQ\ PLOHV RI EHDFK DQG
WKRXVDQGVRIVWDU¿VK"<RXFDQQRWSRVVLEO\PDNHDGL൵HUHQFH´7KH\RXQJZRPDQ
OLVWHQHGSROLWHO\WKHQEHQWGRZQSLFNHGXSDQRWKHUVWDU¿VKDQGWKUHZLWLQWRWKHVHD
,WPDGHDGL൵HUHQFHIRUWKDWRQH
(Adapted from the original by Loren Eiseley)
‡What did you understand/ get from the story?
‡Would you like to make a dierence in nature? How?
‡What would you tell the man?
‡Do you also think that the woman’s action doesn’t make a sense?

129
 Listening/Speaking

3 CW. Listen to the “Remember” box and share your ideas on the words:
reuse, reduce, recycle and replace.

REMEMBER!

5(86( 5('8&(
:HDULWHPVWKDWFDQ 5(&<&/(
8VHJRRGVWKDWDUH
EH XVHG PXOWLSOH 7KH JRRGV WKDW DUH QR ORQJHU QRWHDVLO\GHVFULEHG
WLPHV DV PXFK DV XVHIXO FDQ EH UHF\FOHG 1RW DOO DVQDWXUDOO\DV
SRVVLEOH WR DYRLG LWHPV FDQ EH UHF\FOHG 7KHUH DUH SODVWLFWLQVFDQV
XVLQJ GLVSRVDEOH  D ORW RI LQGXVWULHV WKDW XWLOL]H HWF
LWHPV GRPHVWLFZDVWHLQWRRWKHUJRRGV

5(3/$&(
Substitute goods that can only be used once the goods are more durable.
Also examine so that we only use things environmentally friendly, for
example, instead of our plastic bags use a basket when shopping.

4 CW/GW. Listen to the passage and express your opinions on the

statements giving explanation. Explain the meaning of the words in bold.

:K\*R*UHHQ"
7KH ZRUOG KDV D ¿[HG DPRXQW RI QDWXUDO
UHVRXUFHV  VRPH RI ZKLFK DUH DOUHDG\GHSOHWHG
6RDVSRSXODWLRQJURZWKJUHDWO\VWUDLQVRXU¿QLWH
UHVRXUFHVWKHUHDUHIHZHUUHVRXUFHVDYDLODEOH,I
ZHLQWHQGWROHDYHRXUFKLOGUHQDQGJUDQGFKLOGUHQ
ZLWKWKHVDPHVWDQGDUGRIOLYLQJZHKDYHHQMR\HG
ZHPXVWSUHVHUYHWKHIRXQGDWLRQRIWKDWVWDQGDUG
RI OLYLQJ :KDW VKRXOG ZH GR WR VDYH FOHDQ DLU
ZDWHUIXHOVRXUFHVDQGVRLOIRUIXWXUHJHQHUDWLRQV"
6RPHRIWKHJUHDWHVWWKUHDWVWRIXWXUHUHVRXUFHVFRPHIURPWKLQJVZHWKURZDZD\
HYHU\GD\+RXVHKROGEDWWHULHVDQGHOHFWURQLFVRIWHQFRQWDLQGDQJHURXVFKHPLFDOV
WKDWPD\SROOXWHWKHJURXQGZDWHU7KLVFDQFRQWDPLQDWHHYHU\WKLQJIURPWKHVRLOLQ
ZKLFKRXUIRRGJURZVWRWKHZDWHUZKLFKZLOOHYHQWXDOO\FRPHRXWRIDTXLIHUVDQG
LQWRRXUWDSZDWHU0DQ\RIWKHVHFKHPLFDOVFDQQRWEHUHPRYHGIURPWKHGULQNLQJ
ZDWHUVXSSO\QRWIURPWKHFURSVWKDWDUHKDUYHVWHGIURPRQFRQWDPLQDWHG¿HOGV7KH
ULVNVWRKXPDQKHDOWKDUHWUHPHQGRXV7KURZLQJDZD\LWHPVWKDWFRXOGEHUHF\FOHG
UHGXFHVHQHUJ\ZDWHUDQGQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHV

130 *disposable [dispz

b(
)l] (adj) designed to be used only once
 Listening/Speaking

5 GW/PW. Listen to the “Remember!” box and search for more facts and
information on recycling. Add your own ideas.

REMEMBER!
5HF\FOH
• There is no doubt that recycling paper is good for the
environment!
• There is no doubt that recycling glass we can save a lot
of energy!
• By recycling plastics we create a cleaner environment!
• By recycling organics we can produce compost, which is
equally good for gardening and agriculture.
• By recycling iron, copper and aluminium we can save a
lot of energy.
• The paper production process has a negative environmental impact, as it releases
harmful substances into the atmosphere.
• Paper production leads to deforestation,
followed by the disappearance of rare and
endangered species, soil erosion and a
decrease in the supply of groundwater.
• About 650.000 tons of paper are produced every day worldwide and 500.000 tons
are thrown away because they are not reintroduced into the paper cycle.

6 IW. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box.

DUHF\FOHELQEUHF\FOHFZLOGOLIHGGHVWUR\HGLVWXUE

IGDPDJHJHQYLURQPHQWKJODVVLLQVWHDGRIMSROOXWH
NUHGXFHOUHXVHPWKURZQGUDZ

7DNHFDUHRIWKHBBBB
$OZD\VWKURZJDUEDJHLQWRDBBBB
 BBB QHZVSDSHUV BBBB DQG SODVWLF ERWWOHV DQG PHWDO FDQV
5HF\FOLQJKHOSVWRBBBBSROOXWLRQ
'RQ¶WWKURZDZD\WKLQJVLI\RXFDQBBBBWKHP
'RQ¶WBBBZDWHU'RQ¶WBBBJDUEDJHLQWRWKHSRQG
1HYHUBBBBRUSDLQWRQWUHHV,WZLOOBBBBWKHP
3ODQWÀRZHUVBBBBSLFNLQJWKHP
'RQ¶WBBBDQLPDOVRUBBBWKHLUKRPHV&UHDWHQHZDQGVDIHSODFHVIRUBBBB

131
 Reading
1 GW. Read the UI box with correct intonation and match the words with
the paragraphs. Then complete the table below.
5HF\FOH 5HGXFH 5HXVH

Useful Information
(DUWK 'D\ EHJDQ LQ  (YHU\ \HDU RQ$SULO QG
ZH UHPHPEHU WR WDNH FDUH RI RXU SODQHW 2Q WKLV GD\
SHRSOH FOHDQ WKH ULYHUV ODNHV SDUNV DQG EHDFKHV
:H QHHG FOHDQ ZDWHU IRU GULQNLQJ :H FDQ NHHS WKH
(DUWKFOHDQE\IROORZLQJWKHUXOHRI³5HGXFH5HXVH
5HF\FOH´
DPHDQVWRXVHOHVV:HFDQXVHOHVVHQHUJ\SDSHU
ZDWHU5LGHDELNHRUZDONWRXVHOHVVJDVROLQH
7XUQR൵WKHOLJKWVWRXVHOHVVHOHFWULFLW\
EPHDQVWRXVHDJDLQ:HFDQBBBBBBBBPDQ\WKLQJVVXFKDVMDUVEDJVDQG
ER[HVBBBBBBBBSODVWLFZDWHUERWWOHV*LYHROGFORWKHVWRRWKHUSHRSOH
FPHDQVWRPDNHVRPHWKLQJQHZIURPVRPHWKLQJROGBBBBBBBBERWWOHVDQG
SDSHUBBBBBBBBJDUEDJHWRUHGXFHODQGSROOXWLRQ0DNHROGMHDQVLQWRDFRROEDJ
8VHROGQHZVSDSHUVIRUDUWSURMHFWV
,IZHWDNHGL൵HUHQWPDWHULDOVWRDUHF\FOLQJFHQWHUWKH\FDQEHXVHGDJDLQLQD
GL൵HUHQWZD\2Q(DUWK'D\ZHUHPLQGRXUVHOYHVDQGHYHU\RQHRQ(DUWKWKDWZH
PXVWGRWKHVHWKLQJV:HPXVWGRWKHVHWKLQJVHYHU\GD\QRWMXVWRQ(DUWK'D\

:KDW,5HGXFH :KDW,5HXVH :KDW,5HF\FOH

• • •
• • •

2 Listen to the passage and express your ideas.

*R*UHHQ
([SHQVLYH*LIWVIRU<RXU&KLOGUHQDQG*UDQGFKLOGUHQ
:H NQRZ WKDW IDPLOLHV JR JUHHQ IRU WKHLU FKLOGUHQ
/LYLQJ ZLWK HFR DZDUHQHVV SURWHFWV WKH SODQHW IRU IXWXUH
JHQHUDWLRQV%HFDXVHLW¶VWKHULJKWWKLQJWRGRSDUWLFLSDWH
LQ QHLJKERXUKRRG RU FRPPXQLW\ HFR DZDUHQHVV  ,W
ZLOOEHJRRGOLYLQJDVXVWDLQDEOHOLIHVW\OHDQGEHFRPH
KHDOWKLHULQYHVWLQJ LQ \RXU ERG\ OHVV WR[LQV DQG OHVV
LOOQHVV,W¶VDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRUHFRQQHFWZLWKORFDOFRPPXQLW\DQGJRJUHHQQRZ
PRUH RSWLRQV DQG DOWHUQDWLYHV DUH DYDLODEOH 7KH PRVW H[SHQVLYH DQG DOVR WKH
PRVWEHDXWLIXOJLIWWRRXUFKLOGUHQDQGJUDQGFKLOGUHQLVKHDOWK\HQYLURQPHQWZLWKRXW
SROOXWLRQ,IZHRXUVHOYHVVWDUWLWZH¶OOKDYHFOHDQDQGVDIHHQYLURQPHQW

132 *eco awareness [k

u
w
ns] eco consciousness
3 IW. Read the poem with correct intonation and answer the questions.

  0DNH,W*UHHQ
     By Mrs. Avani Desai
/LYHVDUHFU\LQJEHFDXVHLW¶VQRWFOHDQ
(DUWKLVG\LQJEHFDXVHLW¶VQRWJUHHQ
(DUWKLVRXUGHDU0RWKHUGRQ¶WSROOXWHLW
6KHJLYHVXVIRRGDQGVKHOWHUMXVWVDOXWHLW
:LWK*OREDO:DUPLQJLW¶VLQGDQJHU
/HW¶VVDYHLWE\EHFRPLQJDVWURQJUDQJHU
:LWKG\LQJWUHHVDQGDQLPDOVLW¶VLQVRUURZ
0DNHJUHHQWRGD\DQGJUHHQWRPRUURZ
:LWKPHOWLQJVQRZRQHGD\LWZLOOVLQN
+RZFDQZHVDYHLWMXVWWKLQN
7UHHVDUHSUHFLRXVSUHVHUYHWKHP
:DWHULVDWUHDVXUHUHVHUYHLW
*URZPRUHWUHHVPDNH0RWKHU(DUWKJUHHQ
5HGXFHSROOXWLRQDQGPDNHKHUD4XHHQ
1. What is the poem about?
2. Why did the author give it the name “Make It Green”?
3. Do you think that we should do our best to make our planet
really a wonderful place/world? Why?

$VVHVVPHQW&KHFNOLVW
I can ...
• JLYHFRPPHQWVUHDGLQJWKHSDVVDJH
• ¿QGWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHZRUGVDQGPDWFK
WKHPZLWKWKHLUGH¿QLWLRQV
• WDONDERXWUHXVLQJUHGXFLQJDQG
UHF\FOLQJ
• DQVZHUWKHTXHVWLRQVRQWKHSRHP
• VHDUFKPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQRQUHF\FOLQJ
Samples
• If we don’t do anything about
pollution, life will be so dangerous.
• Small pieces of rubbish-litter. Likely
to last for a long time without getting
weaker –durable, etc.
• Reuse means to use again.
• Reduce means to use less.
• Recycle means to make something
new from something old.
• What’s this poem about? It’s about a
wonderful world.
• Recycling paper, glass, plastic and
iron is good for the environment.

133
 Writing

1 GW/PW.Complete the passage using the words from the box. Write a
report on pollution in Azerbaijan.
 DGDQJHURXVEODQGFIUHVKDLUGODWHHVDIH
IURDGZRUNVJVPRNHKVHULRXVLDLUMZDWHU

6WRS3ROOXWLQJ

7KH SROOXWLRQ LQ +RQJ .RQJ LV D   SUREOHP   :H KDYH   SROOXWLRQ
ZKLFK PDNHV WKH ULYHUV DQG WKH VHD YHU\ GLUW\  6RPH VHDIRRG LV QR ORQJHU 
 WR HDW QRZ  :H KDYH   SROOXWLRQ EHFDXVH RI WKH   PDGH E\ FDUV DQG
IDFWRULHVSROOXWLRQLVDOVRJHWWLQJZRUVHEHFDXVHRIWKHDQGWUD൶ FLQRXU
VWUHHWV,IZHDOORZWKLVWRJRRQ+RQJ.RQJZLOOEHFRPHDSODFHWROLYHLQ
7KHUHIRUHZHPXVWGRVRPHWKLQJEHIRUHLWLVWRR,IZHGRQ¶WVWRSPDNLQJ
DORWRIVPRNHZHZRQ¶WKDYHWREUHDWKH  ByLiu Jay

2 IW. Write an essay or a report on “How we can improve city parks in our
country!” and “ How to stop polluting!” looking through the table.

,PSURYLQJWKHSDUNZLOOHQFRXUDJHFRPPXQLW\
7KHPH
PHPEHUVWRXVHLW
Community volunteers can clean up the park:
3RLQW
 • Pick up the trash
Examples:
• Plant trees
New equipment will make it nicer to use the park:
3RLQW • Swings and sandboxes for children

Examples: • Picnic tables for families
• Litter bins for garbage
Community volunteers can make the park beautiful:
3RLQW • Plant owers

Examples: • Don’t cut trees or owers, pull weeds
• Trim shrubs

134
 Writing Test Your Memory
3 IW. Write a paragraph on the following statements.
‡We are in charge of our planet. ‡How we help the Earth.
‡Who should be in charge of the Earth. ‡Who can help the Earth.

4 IW. Think of the following questions and try to answer them filling
in the table.
‡How can I go green? What and how can I ...?
5HGXFH 5HXVH 5HF\FOH 5HSODFH
• XVLQJSULYDWHFDQV • ERWWOHV • SDSHU •
• • • •
• • • •

5 PW. Complete and create your own solutions looking through the model.
Model: ■ &DULQJRIWKH(DUWKLV(YHU\ERG\¶V%XVLQHVV
/HW¶VDGL൵HUHQFH DVDYH
/RYH1DWXUH3ROOXWLRQ ESROOXWH
*R*UHHQ*UHHQ FFKDQJH
/HW¶VWKH:RUOG GZLQ
-RLQXVDQGWKH(DUWK HIHDU
'RQ¶WZDWHU IPDNH

6 IW. Find the pieces that fit together and write them in the answer area.
UDLQ LQFW $16:(56
JUHHQ VSKHUH BBBBBBBBB
DWPR H൵HFW BBBBBBBBB
DFLG WLRQ BBBBBBBBB
DFLGUDLQ
SROOX KRXVH
BBBBBBBBB
JUHHQKRXVH VSKHUH JUHHQKRXVHH൵HFW
ELR UDLQ BBBBBBBBBB
H[W IRUHVW BBBBBBBBBB

$VVHVVPHQW&KHFNOLVW
I can ...
• FRPSOHWHWKHSDVVDJHXVLQJWKHZRUGV
• PDNHDUHSRUWRQSROOXWLRQLQ$]HUEDLMDQ
• ZULWHDQHVVD\RQWKHWRSLFORRNLQJWKURXJKWKHPRGHO
• FUHDWHP\RZQVROXWLRQVORRNLQJWKURXJKWKHPRGHO
• ¿QGRXWWKHSLHFHVRIZRUGV

135
 Assessment
1 Read and answer the questions making logical comments and complete
the story with one of the following sayings.
A) What is done cannot be undone!
D) First think, then speak! B) Better late than never!

C) Those who rush to riches will often end with nothing!

2QFHXSRQDWLPHWKHUHZDVDVPDOOWRZQE\WKHVHD,WZDVYHU\EHDXWLIXOZLWK
DFOHDQEOXHVHDVDQGDVVRIWDVVLONDQGZRQGHUIXOIRUHVWVDORQJWKHFRDVW,WZDV
FDOOHG³/RYHO\´3HRSOHOLYHGWKHUHSHDFHIXOO\DQGKDSSLO\2QHGD\WKHUHVLGHQWV
RI/RYHO\GHFLGHGWRFKDQJHWKHLUWRZQLQWRDELJDQGDWWUDFWLYHWRXULVWFHQWUHZKLFK
WKH\LPDJLQHGZRXOGJLYHWKHPDFKDQFHIRUPDNLQJPRUHPRQH\DQGKDYLQJEHWWHU
OLYHV7KH\FXWGRZQWKHIRUHVWDQGVWDUWHGEXLOGLQJQHZKRWHOVLQLWVSODFH0DQ\
WRXULVWV GURYH WKHLU FDUV WR /RYHO\ DQG PDGH WKH WRZQ D QRLV\ SODFH (YHU\ GD\
ORUULHV EURXJKW IRRG DQG JRRGV IURP GLVWDQW SODFHV WR PHHW WKH GHPDQGV RI WKH
WRXULVWVDQGUXEELVKEHJDQSLOLQJXS/RYHO\ZDVJURZLQJDOOWKHWLPH7KHWRZQ
FKDQJHGDORW3HRSOHVWRSSHGWKLQNLQJRI/RYHO\DVDQLFHSODFHIRUDKROLGD\2QH
HYHQLQJDVWUDQJHUDSSHDUHGLQWKHFHQWUDOVTXDUHZKHUHPRVWRIWKHORFDOSHRSOHKDG
JDWKHUHG+HVWD\HGWKHUHIRUDORQJWLPHOLVWHQHGWRWKHSHRSOH¶VWDONDQGLQWKHHQG
KHWROGWKHPWKHIROORZLQJVWRU\³2QFHXSRQDWLPHWKHUHZDVDVSHFLDOKHQ(YHU\
VLQJOHGD\LWODLGDJROGHQHJJWKDWZDVVKLQLQJOLNHDOLWWOHVXQLQDFRUQHURIWKHFRRS
7KHRZQHURIWKHKHQFKHFNHGWKHZHLJKWRIWKHHJJVGDLO\+HNHSWFRPSODLQLQJDV
WKHHJJVZHUHQ¶WELJJHUDQGVDLG³0D\EH,VKRXOGMXVWNLOOWKDWKHQ7KHUHPXVWEH
DWUHDVXUHLQLWVERG\,I,WDNHLWRXW,¶OOEHWKHULFKHVWPDQLQWKHZRUOG´+H¿QDOO\
PDGHXSKLVPLQGVRKHNLOOHGWKHELUG,PDJLQHKLVVKRFN+HSXOOHGKLVKDLULQ
GHVSDLUDQGFULHGELWWHUO\%XWHYHU\WKLQJZDVLQYDLQ7KHPLVHUORVWERWKWKHHJJV
DQGWKHKHQ7KHVWUDQJHUORRNHGDWWKHWRZQVSHRSOHVDGO\DQGVDLG
1. What is the moral of the story?
2. What happened to the town? Why did it go up down?
3. What was done wrong? What was the stranger’s story about?
4. How did the stranger’s story impress the people? Give reasons.

2 Pay attention to the meaning of the words in bold.

Glossary
FRRS>NXS@(n) a cage, a prison, a jail
LQGHVSDLU>ܼQGܼ‫ޖ‬VS‫ܭ‬ԥ@hopelessly, lose hope
LQYDLQ>ܼQYHܼQ@without success, to no purpose, uselessly
ODLG>OHܼG@ (past of lay; lay-laid-laid) (v) to set an object down
PLVHU>‫ޖ‬PDܼ]ԥU@(n) DSHUVRQZKRORYHVPRQH\DQGKDWHVVSHQGLQJLWDgreedy man
SLOHXS>SDܼO‫ݞ‬S@(v) heap up, stoke up
UHVLGHQW>‫ޖ‬UH]ܼGԥQW@(n) inhabitant, occupant

136
 Assessment

3 Put the events in the correct order (see task 1, page 134).
$ %
& '
0DQ\WRXULVWVPDGHWKHWRZQDQRLV\SODFH
7KHRZQHURIWKHKHQZDQWHGWREHWKHULFKHVWPDQ
3HRSOHOLYHGLQ/RYHO\SHDFHIXOO\DQGKDSSLO\
2QHGD\WKHUHVLGHQWVRI/RYHO\GHFLGHGWRFKDQJHWKHLUWRZQ
3HRSOHFXWGRZQWUHHVLQWKHIRUHVWDQGEXLOWQHZKRWHOVWKHUH
7KHVWUDQJHUVDLG“Those who rush to riches will often end with nothing.”
7KHPDQNLOOHGWKHELUGDQGKRSHGWR¿QGDWUHDVXUHLQVLGHRIWKHKHQ
2QHHYHQLQJDVWUDQJHUFDPHWRWKHFHQWUHDQGOLVWHQHGWRWKHORFDOSHRSOH
DQGKHWROGWKHPDVWRU\
4 Write your observations on the essay below and give comments.

<RXDUHDVNHGWRVXJJHVWLPSURYHPHQWVWRDSDUNWKDW\RXKDYH
YLVLWHG:KDWLPSURYHPHQWVZRXOG\RXPDNHDQGZK\"8VHVSHFL¿F
UHDVRQVDQGH[DPSOHVWRVXSSRUW\RXUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV
7KLUW\ \HDUV DJR WKH SHRSOH OHIW WKH FLW\ DQG PRYHG WR WKH VXEXUEV 7KH\ OHIW
EHKLQG  ZKDW ZDV RQFH  D JUHHQ RDVLV LQ WKH FHQWHU RI WKH FLW\  &LW\ 3DUN :KHUH
FKLOGUHQXVHGWRSOD\WKHUHLVQRZEURNHQJODVV:KHUHWKHLUSDUHQWVJRVVLSHGDQG
ZDWFKHGWKHLUFKLOGUHQSOD\WKHUHDUHQRZGHFD\HGEHQFKHV:KHUHÀRZHUVEORRPHG
HYHU\ VHDVRQ WKHUH DUH QRZ  MXVW ZHHGV , ZDQW WR EULQJ WKLV SDUN EDFN WR OLIH DQG
HQFRXUDJHWKHSHRSOHWRUHWXUQWRWKHFLW\DJDLQWRHQMR\LW
7KHLPSURYHPHQWV,ZRXOGSURSRVHDUHVLPSOHDQGUHODWLYHO\LQH[SHQVLYH)LUVWZH
KDYHWRFOHDQXSWKHSDUNYROXQWHHUJURXSVFDQEULQJUDNHV DQGEURRPVDQGSLFNXS
WKHWUDVKWKDWOLWWHUVWKHSOD\JURXQGVDQGWKHJUDVV
6HFRQGZHKDYHWRDGGWKLQJVWKDWZLOOPDNHWKHSDUNDSODFHWRFRPHWR6ZLQJV
DQGVDQGER[HVIRUFKLOGUHQSLFQLFWDEOHVDQGEHQFKHVIRUIDPLOLHV
7KLUGZHQHHGWRPDNHWKHSDUNEHDXWLIXODJDLQ2XUYROXQWHHUJURXSVFDQSODQW
ÀRZHUVWULPVKUXEV FXWWKHJUDVVDQGSXOOWKHZHHGV
7KHSHRSOHDUHUHWXUQLQJWROLYHLQWKHFLW\:HQHHGWRSURYLGHWKHPDSODFHWKDWLV
VDIHIXQDQGUHOD[LQJ:HQHHGWKHSDUNWRJLYHXVDVHQVHRIFRPPXQLW\
*rake [rek] (n) a tool used for drawing together cut grass or fallen leaves; a harrow
*shrub [rb] (n) bush, brushwood, cluster
137
 Lesson 2. Love Environment, Fear Pollution!

What you’ll learn:

‡:KDWHQYLURQPHQWDORUJDQL]DWLRQVWKHUHDUHLQWKHZRUOGLQRXUFRXQWU\
‡:KDWWKHUROHRIWKHVHJUHHQRUJDQL]DWLRQVLV
‡:KDWFKDULWLHVSHRSOHGRLQRUGHUWRSURWHFWWKHHQYLURQPHQW
‡:KDWWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHVD\LQJ´/RYH(QYLURQPHQW)HDU3ROOXWLRQ´LV
‡+RZZHVKRXOGSURWHFWWKH(DUWKIURPSROOXWLRQ

Word File

DQQXDO>‫ޖ‬ QMXԥO@(adj) once a year/smth that appears yearly or lasts for a year

FRQVHUYDWLRQ>‫ޙ‬N‫ܥ‬QVԥ‫ޖ‬YHܼ‫ݕ‬Q@(n)the protection of the natural environment
GHVWUXFWLRQ>Gܼ‫ޖ‬VWU‫ݞ‬N‫ݕ‬Q@(n) the act of destroying something;
IHDU>Iܼԥ@(n) the bad feeling that you have when you are in danger
IRUWKFRPLQJ>‫ޖ‬I‫ܧ‬ș‫ޖ‬N‫ݞ‬Pܼƾ@ (adj) future, nearest, recent, upcoming
H[WLQFWLRQ >HNVWLƾN‫ݕ‬ԥQ@(n) abolition, a situation in which a plant, an animal
stops existing
SDYH>SHܼY@(n/v) cover the ground with concrete, asphalt, stones or bricks;
lay paving over
UHKDELOLWDWLRQ>‫ޙ‬ULԥ‫ޙ‬EܼOܼ‫ޖ‬WHܼ‫ݕ‬Q@(n) the process of helping somebody to have a
normal, useful life again after they have been very ill;
syn: restoration, reconstruction
UHOHYDQFH>‫ޖ‬UHOԥYԥQV@(n) appropriateness, connection, suitability
UXQRXW>U‫ݞ‬QDXW@(v) come to an end, expire
VSLOO>VSܼO@(v) ow over the edge of a container by accident; to make liquid

1 IW. Write the words with the same vowel sound in the appropriate column.
Pronounce them correctly.
UHKDELOLWDWLRQ   UXQ RXW   H[WLQFWLRQ   FOHDU  IHDU  GHVWUXFWLRQ
VSLOOSDYHIRUWKFRPLQJFKDULW\FRQVHUYDWLRQIRRWSULQW

>ܼԥ@ >Hܼ@ >‫@ݞ‬ >X@ >ܼ@

‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
138
 Listening/Speaking

1 CW. Listen and answer the questions looking through the photos.
• What are these people doing?
• Why do you think they are doing it?
• What environmental organizations are there in our country?
• What is the main goal of these organizations?
• Do you support such organizations? Why/Why not? If yes, how?

2 PW. Listen and analyze the facts in the information.

     

■ (YHU\SHUVRQSURGXFHVDERXWWRQVRI ■ (LJKW PLOOLRQ WRQV RI RLO

JDUEDJHGXULQJKLVKHUOLIHWLPH
■ 2QH WRQ RI UHF\FOHG SDSHU FDQ
VDYHWUHHV
■ :H DUH UXQQLQJ RXW  RI VSDFH  LQ
ZKLFKZHFDQJHWULGRIJDUEDJH2QH
VROXWLRQWRWKLVSUREOHPLVUHF\FOLQJ
■ 6RPH VFLHQWLVWV VD\ WKDW RQH VSHFLHV
RISODQWDQLPDORULQVHFWEHFRPHVH[WLQFW
HYHU\GD\,QWKHQH[W\HDUVRQH¿IWKRI
DOOVSHFLHVFRXOGEHFRPHH[WLQFW
DUHVSLOOHGLQWRWKHHDUWKDQG
RFHDQVHYHU\\HDU
■ )RUHVWVFRYHURIWKH(DUWK¶VODQG
7KH\SURGXFHR[\JHQ3URWHFWLQJDOOWKH
IRUHVWVLVWKHNH\WRRXUVXUYLYDO
■ 2FHDQV FRYHU PRUH WKDQ  RI
WKH  (DUWK¶V VXUIDFH /LIH EHJDQ LQ
WKH RFHDQV 7RGD\ FRDVWDO ZDWHUV
KDYHEHFRPHYHU\SROOXWHGDQGLW
NLOOVPDQ\ZKDOHVDQGGROSKLQV

139
 Reading
1 GW. Read the passages with correct intonation and correct the
sentences below.
/RYH1DWXUH)HDU3ROOXWLRQ
$Q$XVWUDOLDQVDLORU,DQ.LHUQDQFRPSHWHGLQDURXQGWKHZRUOGVDLOLQJUDFHDIHZ
\HDUVDJR+HZDVVRVKRFNHGDQGDQJU\DERXWWKHKXJHDPRXQWRIUXEELVKWKDWZDV
SROOXWLQJWKHZRUOG¶VRFHDQVWKDWKHGHFLGHGWRGRVRPHWKLQJDERXWLW%DFNKRPH
LQ6\GQH\KHRUJDQL]HG&OHDQ8S6\GQH\+DUERXU'D\2YHUYROXQWHHUV
FOHDUHGDZD\ROGFDUVERWWOHVDQGDOONLQGVRISODVWLF,WZDVVRVXFFHVVIXOWKDWKH
VWDUWHG&OHDQ8S$XVWUDOLDDQGWKHQLQWKH&OHDQ8SWKH:RUOG&8:
SURMHFWZDVERUQ
7KHRUJDQL]DWLRQ¶VPDLQDQQXDOHYHQWLV&OHDQ8SWKH:RUOG:HHNHQGLQ6HSWHPEHU
'XULQJWKHZHHNHQGRYHUJURXSVIURPHYHU\FRQWLQHQWFOHDUZDVWHIURPVWUHHWV
EHDFKHVULYHUEDQNVDQGSDUNV
$ ORW RI SHRSOH LQ DERXW  FRXQWULHV QRZ SDUWLFLSDWH LQ WKH SURMHFW DQG  PDQ\
YROXQWHHUV FRQWLQXH WKHLU DFWLRQV DOO \HDU URXQG GRLQJ WKLQJV OLNH FROOHFWLQJ DQG
UHF\FOLQJ ZDVWH SODQWLQJ WUHHV DQG RUJDQL]LQJ H[KLELWLRQV FRPSHWLWLRQV DQG
HGXFDWLRQHYHQWV,I\RXZDQWWRRUJDQL]HD&8:SURMHFWLQ\RXUFRPPXQLW\JR
WR³-RLQ´RQWKHZHEVLWHDQGDOVRUHDGDERXWRWKHUSHRSOH¶VDFWLRQV
1. American sailors organized Clean Up Day a few years ago.
2. Clean Up Sydney Harbour Day was spread all over the world in 1993.
3. During the year, over 400 groups from every continent clear waste from
streets, beaches, river banks and parks.
4. Around 4000 people in 120 countries participate in project.
5. If people want to organize a CUW project in the community they do it
themselves.

2 GW. Find out the given facts and give comments. (See task 1 above)

   

3 PW. Make an interview on these questions. Play a role.

1XUDQD:KDWGRFKDULW\RUJDQL]DWLRQVGRWRSURWHFWWKHHQYLURQPHQW"
0XKDPPDGBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
1XUDQD:KDWDFWLRQVGR\RXWKLQNWKH\VKRXOGWDNHSDUWLQ"
0XKDPPDGBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
1XUDQD:KDWDQLPDOVDUHLQGDQJHURIH[WLQFWLRQ"
0XKDPPDGBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
1XUDQD:KDWGRHV\RXUVFKRRORUFRPSDQ\GRWRVDYHWKH(DUWK"
0XKDPPDGBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

140
 Reading

4 GW. Read the text in UI box and search for more information about
Greenpeace Organizations and discuss it.
Useful Information
(QYLURQPHQWDO*URXS

7KHUH DUH PDQ\ JURXSV LQ WKH ZRUOG ZKLFK WU\ WR
SURWHFWWKHHQYLURQPHQW7KHIDPRXVJURXSLV*UHHQSHDFHLQ
*UHDW %ULWDLQ ZKLFK FDPSDLJQV LQ PDQ\ FRXQWULHV DURXQG
WKH ZRUOG 7KH\ FDPSDLJQ DJDLQVW KXQWLQJ ZKDOHV DQG
ELUGV SROOXWLRQ LQ WKH 1RUWK 6HD QXFOHDU SRZHU WHVWLQJ
QXFOHDU ZHDSRQV DQG PDQ\ RWKHU LVVXHV *UHHQSHDFH
VXSSRUWHUV RUJDQLVH GHPRQVWUDWLRQV DQG WKH\ DOVR WDNH
ULJKWGLUHFWLRQ$OOHQYLURQPHQWDOJURXSVFDPSDLJQDJDLQVWJOREDOZDUPLQJWKH
GHVWUXFWLRQRIWKHUDLQIRUHVWVDQGWKHKROHLQWKHR]RQHOD\HU

,QWHUQDWLRQDO'LDORJXHIRU(QYLURQPHQWDO$FWLRQ,'($
LV D 3XEOLF 8QLRQ DQG DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRPSDLJQ IRXQGHG
DQGOHGE\WKH9LFH3UHVLGHQWRI+H\GDU$OL\HY)RXQGDWLRQ
0V /H\OD $OL\HYD ,'($ VWDUWHG WKH HFR HQYLURQPHQWDO
VFHQDULR FRPSHWLWLRQ QDPHG ³0\ (FR 6WRU\´ MRLQWO\
ZLWK +H\GDU $OL\HY &HQWHU 7KH DLP RI WKH SURMHFWV WKDW
,'($ RUJDQL]HV LV WR LQIRUP SHRSOH DERXW FDXVHV RI
HQYLURQPHQWDOSROOXWLRQKLJKOLJKWWKHUHOHYDQF\RISUREOHP
VROXWLRQV WR WKHVH SUREOHPV DQG LQFUHDVH WKH UROH RI SHRSOH
LQ H[SDQGLQJ JUHHQ VSDFHV RI RXU FRXQWU\ $V WKH
)RXQGHU DQG 'LUHFWRU RI WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 'LDORJXH IRU
(QYLURQPHQWDO $FWLRQ JOREDO LQLWLDWLYH /H\OD $OL\HYD HQFRXUDJHV \RXQJ SHRSOH
WR OLYH LQ KDUPRQ\ ZLWK WKHLU HQYLURQPHQW DQG ZULWHV DUWLFOHV RQ JUHHQ LVVXHV
SDUWLFXODUO\ WKRVH UHODWLQJ WR WKH 6RXWK &DXFDVXV ,'($ SURPRWHV ODUJHVFDOH
SURMHFWVRQJDUGHQLQJLQ$EVKHURQIRUHVWFRQVHUYDWLRQDQGUHKDELOLWDWLRQ

5 PW. Complete the interview with your own ideas and act it out.
6DPLUD,KDYHPDGHDSUHVHQWDWLRQDERXWVDYLQJOLIHRQWKHHDUWK
9DJLI6RKDYH,
6DPLUD,DJUHHZLWKWKHDUJXPHQWWKDWZHVKRXOGKHOSDQGVDYHRXUSODQHW
9DJLI6RGR,EHFDXVH,WKLQNLW¶VUHDOO\DJRRGLGHD
6DPLUD$QGZKDWGR\RXGRWRVDYHWKHSODQHW"
9DJLI :KDW , GR WR VDYH RXU SODQHW LV ULGLQJ D ELNH LQVWHDG RI GULYLQJ D FDU ,
UHF\FOHP\UXEELVK$WKRPH,DOZD\VWXUQR൵WKHOLJKWVZKHQWKH\DUHQRWQHHGHG
,VWXGLHGWKHZHEVLWHRI::)(World Wildlife Fund )DQG*UHHQSHDFHERWKDUH
YHU\LQWHUHVWLQJDQGWKH\KDYHDFOHDUVWUXFWXUH,WLVH[FLWLQJWRUHDGWKHLUZHEVLWH
EHFDXVHLWLVLQWHUHVWLQJZKDWWKHVHRUJDQLVDWLRQVGR$QGZKDWDERXW\RX"
141
 Writing

1 GW. Search for information on the Green Organizations and World

Environment Day Activities and write a paragraph following the given one.
Model:

Every June 5th is a day used by the United Nations to raise worldwide
awareness of environmental issues.
World Environment Day began in 1972 as a day for people to come together,
to ensure a cleaner, greener and brighter outlook for themselves and for future
generations.
It is a similar celebration to Earth Day which is held every April 22nd - most of
the activities for Earth Day are suitable for World Environment Day, too.

2 GW. Plan an event for a Clean Up the World Weekend in your area.
1. Work in groups of three or four and choose an activity.
Look through the ideas in the text and add your own ideas.
2. Decide what you want to achieve.
3. Plan your event. Think about:
• The Time • Interest • Getting Volunteers
• Getting the Media • The Place
4. Prepare a poster for your event.

3 IW. Complete the sample essay with the words or phrases from the box.

DFRQVHTXHQWO\EGHVSLWHFWKLVUHDVRQGLQP\RSLQLRQ

HUHVXOWIWKH¿UVWJWKHVHFRQGDVSHFWKXQOHVVZHGRVR

(QYLURQPHQWDOLVWVKDYHEHHQZDUQLQJXVIRUPDQ\\HDUVDERXWWKHH൵HFWVRIKXPDQ
DFWLYLW\RQWKHHQYLURQPHQWEHLQJDZDUHRIWKHGDQJHUVZHFRQWLQXHWRKDUP
LWDQGIRU,EHOLHYHWKDWRXUFKLOGUHQZLOOOLYHLQDZRUVHZRUOGWKDQZHGR,
WKLQNWKHUHDUHWZRDVSHFWVRIKXPDQDFWLYLW\ZKLFKDUHHVSHFLDOO\GDQJHURXVLV
DWPRVSKHULF SROOXWLRQ ZKLFK LV FDXVHG  E\ IXPHV  DQG LQGXVWU\ 7KLV ZLOO OHDG  WR
FKDQJHVLQWKHFOLPDWHDQGPDNHVHDOHYHOULVH$VDRXUFKLOGUHQZLOOOLYHLQD
ZDUPHUZRUOGDQGSHRSOHOLYLQJQHDUWKHFRDVWPD\KDYHWROHDYHWKHLUKRPHVLV
WKHGHVWUXFWLRQRIRXUQDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQWVXFKDVUDLQIRUHVWVDQGFRXQWU\VLGH
ZH DUH GDPDJLQJ WKH KDELWDWV RI PDQ\ DQLPDOV DQG SODQWV WKDW OLYH WKHUH DQG WKHVH
ZLOO EHFRPH  H[WLQFW   XUJHQW DFWLRQ LV QHHGHG WR SURWHFW WKH HQYLURQPHQW E\
UHGXFLQJSROOXWLRQDQGFUHDWLQJQDWXUHUHVHUYHVWKHZRUOGWKDWRXUFKLOGUHQ
OLYHLQZLOOEHDOHVVSOHDVDQWSODFHWKDQRXUV

142
 Writing/Test Your Memory
1 IW. Make a list of vocabulary connected with the environment that you
could use in your essay.
2 IW. Complete the plan for the essay by writing down your ideas.

3DUDJUDSK,QWURGXFWLRQ
7KHSUHVHQWVLWXDWLRQDQG\RXURSLQLRQ
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
3DUDJUDSK
)LUVWUHDVRQIRU\RXURSLQLRQ
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
3DUDJUDSK
6HFRQGDQGWKLUGUHDVRQVIRU\RXURSLQLRQ
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
3DUDJUDSK&RQFOXVLRQ
$FWLRQZHFDQWDNHFRQVHTXHQFHLIZHGRQ¶WWDNHWKHP
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

3 GW. Project. Make a leaflet on the environment looking through the

situation. Follow the instructions below.
(&2 $FWLRQ (QYLURQPHQWDO &RPPXQLW\ $FWLRQ www.eco-act.org LV D QHZ
HQYLURQPHQWDOJURXSLQRXUFLW\,QRUGHUWRHQFRXUDJHPRUHSHRSOHWRWDNHSDUWLQ
FRPPXQLW\DFWLYLWLHVVXFKDVFOHDQLQJWKHORFDO
VXUURXQGLQJVWKH\KDYHGHFLGHGWRDVNVHFRQGDU\
VFKRROVWXGHQWVWRGHVLJQDOHDÀHWZKLFKZRXOG
LQYLWHSHRSOHWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQWKHIRUWKFRPLQJ
SURMHFWDQGDOVRSURYLGHQHFHVVDU\LQIRUPDWLRQ
/HW¶VGLVFXVVDQGLQFOXGHWKHIROORZLQJSRLQWVLQ
WKHWH[WRI\RXUOHDÀHW
• briey present the project
• explain what way people can participate in
• say how this project will help the environment

4 Find out close meanings of the words and build up sentences.

HQW UHOHYDQF\ GHVWUXFWLR

SROOXWLRQ HQYLURQP Q

IRUWKFRPLQJ H[WLQFW UHF\FOHG GDPDJH

FRQVHUYD UHKDELOLW Q
WLRQ DWLRQ SDYH H[WLQFWLR

143
 Lesson 3. Visions of The Future “Fifty Years on”

What you’ll learn:

‡:KLFKWKLQJVFRXOGEHEHWWHURUZRUVH
‡:KDWZHVKRXOGGRWRPDNHVXUHWKDWRQO\JRRGWKLQJVKDSSHQ
‡:KDWZLOOKDYHEHFRPHWKHPRVWVHULRXVSUREOHPVLQQDWXUH
‡+RZWKHHQYLURQPHQWZLOOKDYHFKDQJHGE\
‡:KDWVFLHQWLVWVSUHGLFWDERXWIXWXUHOLIH

Word File
DFFHVV>‫ޖ‬ NVHV@(n) a way of entering or reaching a place
FDUERQIRRWSULQWVcarbonic tracks, marks, traces, signs
FRPSHQVDWH >N PSԥQ‫ޙ‬VHܼW@(v) pay back, reduce the bad eects of damage
GHPDQG>Gܼ‫ޖ‬P‫ޝܤ‬QG@(n) a very rm request for something; something that
somebody needs
GHVWLQDWLRQ>‫ޙ‬GHVWܼ‫ޖ‬QHܼ‫ݕ‬Q@(n) a place to which somebody/something is going or
being sent
IXHO>‫ޖ‬IMX‫ޝ‬ԥO@(n) any material that produces heat or power, usually when it
is burnt
KRXVHKROG>‫ޖ‬KD‫ݜ‬VKԥ‫ݜ‬OG@(adj)domestic,connected with a house or at and the
people living in it
PRGHUDWH >P‫ܥ‬GԥUܼW@(adj)mild, well-balanced, neutral
SUHYHQWIURP>SUܼ‫ޖ‬YHQW@(v) stop somebody from doing something
VWDQGE\ >‫ޖ‬VW QG‫ޙ‬EDܼ@(n) waiting, reserve service, available
YLVLRQ>‫ޖ‬Yܼ‫ݤ‬Q@(n) power of seeing /sense of sight

1 IW. Choose and write the words from the box with the same sound
and pronounce them. Tick the ones with a different sound.
FRPSHQVDWHHPLVVLRQVFLHQWLVWIXWXUHDFFHVV
FRPSHQVDWLRQSUHGLFWFDUERQVHZDJHSODLQ
GHVWLQDWLRQSDVVLRQSUHYHQWVWDQGE\IXHO

>S@ >‫@ݕ‬ >N@ >V@ >X@

‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡

144
 Listening/Speaking
2 CW/PW. Listen to the teen’s ideas looking through the expressions
which show visions of the future in fifty years from now. Brainstorm
more ideas comparing them.

life in 2050

ZRUOG
" HQWHUWDLQPHQW
SRSXODWLRQ
"

ZRUOG " IRRG ZDU

PHGLFLQH VFKRRO WUDQVSRUW KHDOWK

Model:
,Q ¿IW\ \HDUV IURP QRZ PLOOLRQV RI SHRSOH ZLOO OLYH
ORQJ DQG UHPDLQ KHDOWK\ 7KLV ZLOO KDSSHQ )UDQFLV
&ROOLQVJHQHWLFLVWVD\VWKDWWKH\¶OOEHDEOHWRVWXG\HDFK
SHUVRQ¶V WKH JHQHWLF FRGH DQG ¿QG WKH EHVW ZD\ WR WUHDW
DQG SUHYHQW LOOQHVVHV LQ WKDW LQGLYLGXDO$QG , WKLQN LQ
DERXW¿IW\\HDUV¶WLPHWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWTXHVWLRQIRURXU
VRFLHW\PLJKWQRWEH³+RZORQJFDQKXPDQVOLYH"´EXW
³+RZORQJGRSHRSOHZDQWWROLYH"´

145
 Listening/Speaking
3 GW/CW. Listen to some predictions of futurologists about the world in
fifty years’ time and try to answer the questions.

‡Which things could be better or worse?

‡What should we do now to make sure that only good things happen?
Environment
Water shortage will have become one of the most serious problems. In many
places, agriculture is changing and people grow fruit and vegetables to export.
This uses a lot of water. Demand for water will increase ten times between now
and 2050 and there could be serious shortages.
Transport
Cars will run on new, clean fuels and they will go very fast. Cars will have
computers to control the speed of the car and there won’t be any accidents. Today,
many cars have computers - GPS navigators (Global Positioning System) that
tell drivers exactly where they are. By 2050, even cars will be controlled by the
computers that will drive you to your destination.
Entertainment
TV channels will have disappeared.
Instead, people will choose a programme from a “menu” and a computer will
send the programme directly to the television. Today, we can use the World Wide
Web to read newspaper stories and see pictures on a computer thousands of
kilometres away. By 2050, music, lms, programmes, newspapers and books will
come to us by computer.

Technology
Robots will have replaced people in factories. Many factories already use
robots. Big companies prefer robots. By 2050 we’ll see robots everywhere -in
factories, schools, oces, hospitals, shops and homes.

4 CW/GW. Express your ideas on the statements below. Give explanation

adding your ideas and predictions.
7UDQVSRUW 7HFKQRORJ\
(QYLURQPHQW
7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ (QWHUWDLQPHQW 3HRSOH ZLOO KDYH
'HPDQGIRU ZLOOEHPXFK XVHGURERWV
%\VRQJV
ZDWHUZLOO PRUHFRQYHQLHQW ¿OPVDQGQHZV HYHU\ZKHUHE\
LQFUHDVHWHQ VRRQ ZLOOFRPHWRXV 
WLPHVEHWZHHQ E\WKH
‡ ,QWHUQHW ‡
QRZDQG ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡
‡
‡

146
 Reading
1 GW. Read and give your comments on the questions.
• What does the rst sentence in each paragraph tell you?
• Which one do you think is the most likely to come true?

1 Sir David King, scientic adviser

,I ZH GRQ¶W UHGXFH FDUERQ HPLVVLRQV WKH HDUWK ZLOO EHFRPH
ZDUPHU SRODU LFH ZLOO PHOW DQG WKH RFHDQV ZLOO ULVH &LWLHV
OLNH /RQGRQ DQG 1HZ <RUN ZLOO GLVDSSHDU XQGHU ZDWHU %\
$QWDUFWLFDFRXOGEHWKHRQO\FRQWLQHQWWKDWLVVXLWDEOHIRU
KXPDQOLIHWKHUHVWRIWKHZRUOGZLOOEHWRRKRW
2 Richard Gott, physicist
'XULQJ WKH QH[W ¿IW\ \HDUV RXU HDUWK PLJKW VX൵HU IURP D
FDWDVWURSKH +XPDQV FRXOG GLVDSSHDU MXVW OLNH WKH GLQRVDXUV
DQG KXQGUHGV RI RWKHU VSHFLHV 7KH EHVW ZD\ WR NHHS KXPDQV
VDIH IURP H[WLQFWLRQ LV WR VWDUW D FRORQ\ RQ 0DUV7KLV LV QRW D
SUHGLFWLRQEXWDFWXDOO\DSODQ
3 Ellen Heber-Katz, biologist
,EHOLHYHWKDWVRRQZH¶OOEHDEOHWRUHSDLUWKHKXPDQERG\LQWKH
VDPHZD\WKDWZHFDQUHSODFHGDPDJHGSDUWVRIDFDURUDZDVKLQJ
PDFKLQH,Q¿YH\HDUVIURPQRZRQZH¶OOEHDEOHWRJURZQHZ
¿QJHUVDQGDIHZ\HDUVDIWHUWKDWQHZDUPVDQGOHJV
4 Peter Norvig, director of research at Google
7RGD\ SHRSOH DOO RYHU WKH ZRUOG KDYH DFFHVV WR ELOOLRQV
RI SDJHV RI WH[WV RQ WKH ,QWHUQHW 7KH FRPSXWHU ZLOO PDNH
VXJJHVWLRQV DQG SURYLGH XVDEOH LQIRUPDWLRQ QRW MXVW D OLVW
RI OLQNV ,Q ¿IW\ \HDUV¶ WLPH FRPSXWHUV ZLOO EH PXFK PRUH
LQWHOOLJHQWWKDQWRGD\DQGWKLVZLOOFKDQJHSHRSOH¶VOLYHV&RPSXWHUVZLOOKHOSSHRSOH
ZRUNOHDUQSODQDQGGHFLGH,QWHOOLJHQWFRPSXWHUVZLOOZRUNDVVFLHQWLVWVDQGVWDUWWR
PDNHLPSRUWDQWGLVFRYHULHVRQWKHLURZQ

2 CW/PW. Match the opinions a-f with the experts’ ideas 1-4 above.
There are some opinions you don’t need.
DBBBBKRSHVWKDWSHRSOHZLOOJRDQGOLYHRQDQRWKHUSODQHWLQFDVHWKHUH¶VD
WHUULEOHGLVDVWHURQWKH(DUWK
EBBBBWKLQNVWKDWFRPSXWHUVZLOO¿QGWKLQJVRXWZLWKRXWWKHKXPDQV¶KHOS
FBBBBSUHGLFWVWKDWWKHKXPDQUDFHZLOOEHFRPHH[WLQFW
GBBBBWKLQNVWKDWZH¶OOEHDEOHWRFRPPXQLFDWHGLUHFWO\ZLWKVHDUFKHQJLQHVDQG
WKH\WHOOXVZKDWZHQHHGWRNQRZ
HBBBBWKLQNVWKDWWKHFROGHVWSODFHRQWKH(DUWKPLJKWRQHGD\KDYHWKHEHVW
FOLPDWHIRUKXPDQV
IBBBBSUHGLFWVWKDWPHGLFDODGYDQFHVZLOODOORZXVWRJURZQHZOLPEV
147
 Reading

3 PW. Read the statement and complete the table. Think of evidence to
support your points of view and take notes.

■ ³6FLHQWLVWVDUHVXUHWKDWOLIHZLOOEHEHWWHULQWKHIXWXUH´

$JUHH 'LVDJUHH 2SLQLRQ (YLGHQFH

‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡

4 CW/IW. Change the sentences into Indirect Speech. Pay attention to the
conjunctive words.
3HWHU1RUYLJVD\V³,QWHOOLJHQWFRPSXWHUVZLOOZRUNDVVFLHQWLVWVDQGZLOOVWDUWWR
PDNHLPSRUWDQWGLVFRYHULHVRIWKHLURZQ´
(OOHQ+HEHU.DWVVD\V³,Q¿YH\HDUVIURPQRZRQZH¶OOEHDEOHWRJURZQHZ
¿QJHUVDQGDIHZ\HDUVDIWHUWKDWQHZDUPVDQGOHJV´
 5LFKDUG *RWW VD\V ³'XULQJ WKH QH[W ¿IW\ \HDUV RXU HDUWK PLJKW VX൵HU IURP D
FDWDVWURSKH´
'DYLG.LQJVD\V³%\$QWDUFWLFDFRXOGEHWKHRQO\VXLWDEOHFRQWLQHQW
IRUKXPDQOLIH³
7KHJHQHWLFLVW)UDQFLV&ROOLQVVD\V³:H¶OOEHDEOHWRVWXG\HDFKSHUVRQ¶VJHQHWLF
FRGHDQG¿QGWKHEHVWZD\WRWUHDWSHRSOH´

5 GW. Debate on the given statements.

‡7KHFRPSXWHUZLOOPDNHVXJJHVWLRQVDQGSURYLGHXVHIXOLQIRUPDWLRQ
‡7KHKXPDQUDFHZLOOEHFRPHH[WLQFW
‡7KHEHVWZD\WRPDNHKXPDQVVDIHIURPH[WLQFWLRQLVWRVWDUWDFRORQ\RQ0DUV
‡6RPHFLWLHVZLOOVRRQGLVDSSHDUXQGHUZDWHU

6 IW/GW. Match the verbs and nouns to make phrases from the texts.

UHGXFH DLOOQHVVHV


PDNH EGDPDJHGSDUWV


WUHDW FDFDWDVWURSKH
SURYLGH GDFRORQ\
UHSODFH HFDUERQHPLVVLRQV


VX൵HUIURP ILQIRUPDWLRQ


VWDUW JLPSRUWDQWGLVFRYHULHV

148
 Writing
1 IW/PW. Complete the table explaining your ideas on the statements below.
,Q\HDUV¶WLPH
 we’ll all be using solar power to heat our houses.
 low cost airlines will have disappeared and tickets will be extremely expensive.
 they’ll have banned private swimming pools and golf courses.
 everyone will have used public transport to get to work.
 we’ll have stopped using petrol and we will be using electric cars.

$JUHH 'LVDJUHH
• I think it will have become so warm • I disagree. I think we’ll... .
that we won’t need any heating. •
• •

2 PW/GW. Read some of the predictions scientists have made about

climate change and complete them with a word from the box.
DEHFRPHEFORVHGGRZQFGRXEOHGGKDYLQJ
HPHOWHGIULVHQJVX൵HULQJ

6KRUW7HUPBy the year 2050

‡0RUHWKDQDWKLUGRIWKHZRUOG¶VSODQWDQGDQLPDOVSHFLHVZLOOKDYH
H[WLQFW
‡7KHLFHLQWKH$UFWLF6HDZLOOPHOWHYHU\VXPPHUFDXVLQJWKHH[WLQFWLRQRI
SRODUEHDUVDQGPDQ\JODFLHUVIRUH[DPSOHRQ0RXQW.LOLPDQMDURZLOOKDYH
FRPSOHWHO\
‡RIWKHZRUOG¶VVNLUHVRUWVZLOOKDYHGXHWRODFNRIVQRZ

0LG7HUPBy the year 2100

‡6HDOHYHOVZLOOKDYHE\EHWZHHQFPDQGFP7KLVPHDQVWKDW
ORZO\LQJLVODQGVOLNHWKH0DOGLYHVZLOOQRORQJHUEHKDELWDEOH
‡7KHQXPEHURIVHULRXVFRDVWDOVWRUPVDQGWVXQDPLVZLOOKDYH
‡1RUWKHUQ(XURSHDQFLWLHVHJ3DULVDQG/RQGRQZLOOEHGD\VD\HDU
RIKHDWZDYHVZKHQWHPSHUDWXUHVDUHRYHUÛ&WKHUHDUHFXUUHQWO\GD\V
/RQJ7HUPBy the year3000
‡7HPSHUDWXUHVZLOOKDYHE\DERXWÛ&
‡6HDOHYHOVZLOOKDYHE\PRUHWKDQPHWUHVÀRRGLQJODUJHDUHDVRI
%DQJODGHVKDQGPDQ\ORZO\LQJFLWLHVVXFKDV/RQGRQ+XQGUHGVRIPLOOLRQV
RISHRSOHZLOOEHGLVSODFHG
‡2QHWKLUGRIWKHZRUOGZLOOEHIURPH[WUHPHGURXJKWVDQGKDOIWKH
  ZRUOG  ZLOO EH     PRGHUDWH  GURXJKWV7HQV RI PLOOLRQV RI$IULFDQV
ZLOOKDYHWRHPLJUDWH

149
 Student Portfolio. Revise and Check Around Unit 4.

1 Complete the table.

,QWKH¿HOGRI :KDW,¶YHOHDUQHG +RZ,¶OOLPSOHPHQW
Listening
Speaking
Reading
Writing
Logical Thinking
Critical Thinking
Grammar Section
Other things

2 Make three predictions about the world in fifty years’ time. Use the
ideas in the box that may be of great help to you.
WKH QXPEHU RI VHULRXV FRDVWDO VWRUPV DQG WVXQDPLV    EXLOGLQJV  HGXFDWLRQ
FOLPDWH ZRUN WUDQVSRUW FRPSXWHUV HQWHUWDLQPHQW KHDOWK
VSDFHWKHZRUOG¶VSODQWDQGDQLPDOVSHFLHVXVLQJHOHFWULFFDUV

3 Match each word to the correct meaning and build up sentences.

SUHGLFW DVPWKWKDWJLYHVKHDWRUSRZHU
FRQWURO EUHDVRQ
IXHO FOLNHRQHWKLQJPRUHWKDQDQRWKHU
SUHIHU GVD\RUHVWLPDWHZKDWZLOOKDSSHQLQWKHIXWXUH
FRQQHFW HOLQNRUMRLQFRPELQH
FDXVH IFKHFNRULQVSHFWH[DPLQH

4 Put the words with the sounds [s], [k] and both in the correct place.
VFLHQWLVWHOHFWULFLW\UHF\FOHGHFODUDWLRQVWDWXH
VXEWURSLFDOHPEDVV\FRPSXWHUFRPSHQVDWHGHVWLQDWLRQ
LQGHSHQGHQFHSODVWLFELRORJLVWHFRORJ\JHQHWLFLVW
WHFKQRORJ\SUHGLFWSURWHFWSURYLQFHVWULSH
>V@ %RWK >N@
‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡

150
 Student Portfolio. Revise and Check Around Unit 4.

5 Listen to the top tips in the “Remember” box and create your own for
protecting the Earth.
REMEMBER!
:KDWFDQ\RXGRWRKHOSWKH(DUWK"(The Top Tips)

 )O\ OHVV 8VH EXVHV RU WUDLQV LQVWHDG LI SRVVLEOH ,I \RX KDYH WR À\ JLYH
PRQH\WRDQRUJDQL]DWLRQOLNH&DUERQ)RRWSULQWVWRFRPSHQVDWHIRUWKH&2
HPLVVLRQVRI\RXUÀLJKW
'ULYHDVOLWWOHDVSRVVLEOH8VHELNHVRUSXEOLFWUDQVSRUW$QGLI\RXQHHGWR
GULYHEX\DK\EULGDFDUZKLFKKDVDQH[WUDHOHFWULFPRWRUZKLFKFKDUJHVXS
ZKHQ\RXEUHDN<RXFRXOGDOVRVKDUHDFDUZLWKDIULHQG
8VHRQO\HQHUJ\VDYLQJOLJKWEXOEV
3ODQWWUHHV7ZRRUWKUHHGR]HQWUHHVFDQDEVRUEDZKROHKRXVHKROG¶V
HPLVVLRQVRI&2
'RQ¶WNHHS\RXU79RURWKHUHOHFWULFDODSSOLDQFHVRQVWDQGE\6ZLWFKWKHP
R൵FRPSOHWHO\
8VHWKHcold water washRQ\RXUZDVKLQJPDFKLQHDQGXVHDGLVKZDVKHURQ
 WKH HFRQRP\ SURJUDPPH ZKLFK XVHV OHVV HQHUJ\ DQG ZDWHU WKDQ KDQG 
ZDVKLQJGLVKHV
7U\WREX\RUJDQLFIRRGLISRVVLEOHZKLFKKDVEHHQJURZQORFDOO\7DNH\RXU
RZQVKRSSLQJEDJVZKHQ\RXJRWRVXSHUPDUNHWV
 7XUQ \RXU KHDWLQJ GRZQ DQG ZHDU D VZHDWHU LI \RX¶UH FROG ,I \RX XVH DLU
FRQGLWLRQLQJGRQ¶WKDYHLWDWOHVVWKDQR&
6XSSRUWDQHQYLURQPHQWDORUJDQL]DWLRQIRUH[DPSOH
Friends of the Earth of Greenpeace.
5HJXODUO\UHF\FOHSDSHUJODVVSODVWLFDQGKRXVHKROGZDVWH

6 Fill in the gaps with the suitable verbs. Act it out.

DXQSOXJEGRFZDVWH
GWXUQR൵HWDNHIVDYH
JWKURZDZD\KJRLUHXVH
/DOD+RZFDQ,ZDWHU"
-DODO:HOO\RXFDQ¶WORQJVKRZHUVDQG\RXFDQWKHZDWHUZKHQ
\RX
UHQRWXVLQJLW
/DOD+RZFDQZHJUHHQ"
-DODO<RXFDQQRWERWWOHVDQGFDQV
<RXFDQWKHPDQGPDNHEHDXWLIXOÀRZHUYDVHV
/DOD:KDWFDQZHWRVDYHHQHUJ\"
-DODO:HFDQQRWHQHUJ\DWDOOVRZHFDQWKH79ZKHQZH
UHQRW
ZDWFKLQJLW
7 Write an essay “How do I See My Life and Career in the Future”.
151
 UNIT COUNTRIES, COUNTRIES...
5 Lesson 1. America - a Friendly Country!

What you’ll learn:

‡:KHUHWKH86$LVVLWXDWHG
‡+RZPDQ\SHRSOHOLYHLQWKH86$
‡:KDWWKHJHRJUDSKLFDOSRVLWLRQRIWKHFRXQWU\LV
‡:KDWQDWLRQDOV\PEROVWKHFRXQWU\KDVJRW
‡:KDWSODFHVRILQWHUHVWWKHUHDUHLQWKH86$

Word File
FDSDFLW\>Nԥ‫ޖ‬S VԥWL@(n) 1. the number or amount of smth
2. the ability to understand or to do smth,container, volume, power
GHVFHQGDQW>Gܼ‫ޖ‬VHQGԥQW@(n)a member of a tribe or a family
GLVWLQFWLRQ>Gܼ‫ޖ‬VWܼƾN‫ݕ‬Q@(n) a clear dierence or contrast especially between
people or things that are similar or related
dub >G‫ݞ‬E@(v)duplicate, record, le
H[HFXWLYH>ܼܳ‫]ޖ‬HNMԥWܼY@(n/adj) a person who has an important job as a manager
of a company or an organization
¿UHZRUN>‫ޖ‬IDܼԥZ‫ޝܮ‬N@(n) a small device containing powder that burns or
explodes and produces bright coloured lights and loud noises, used
especially at celebrations
IURQWLHUVPDQ>‫ޖ‬IU‫ݞ‬QWܼԥ]PԥQ@(n)colonist, colonizer, migrant
KDUGLQHVV>‫ޖ‬KDGܼQܼV@(n)the ability to endure dicult conditions
SURYLQFH>‫ޖ‬SU‫ܥ‬YܼQV@(n) one of the areas that some countries are divided into
with its own local government
UHZDUG>Uܼ‫ޖ‬Z‫ޝܧ‬G@(n)prize, award, bonus
VXEWURSLFDO>‫ޙ‬V‫ݞ‬E‫ޖ‬WU‫ܥ‬SܼNO@(adj) in or connected with regions that are near
tropical parts of the world
WULEH>WUDܼE@(n) a group of people of the same race, and with the same customs,
language, religion.

1 IW. Listen and practise the words with the same sound. Tick the ones
that have different sound.
>Mԥ@H[HFXWLYHFDOFXODWHWULEXWDU\IDPLOLDU
>]@H[FOXVLYHH[HFXWLRQSRVLWLRQVLWXDWLRQ
>N@VXEWURSLFDO¿UHZRUNFHUHPRQ\GLVWLQFWLRQ
>X@ERRNLVKSURYHW\SKRRQFDUWRRQ

152
 Listening/Speaking

2 CW. Listen and match the pictures to the passages. Search for more
information about the USA and discuss it.

Model: a)
1 7KH6WDWXHRI/LEHUW\LVRQHRIWKHPRVWIDPRXV
V\PEROV RI WKH 86$ )UDQFH JDYH WKH VWDWXH WR
$PHULFD LQ  DV D V\PERO RI IULHQGVKLS DQG LW
ZDV EURXJKW WR WKH 86$ E\ VHD 7KH VWDWXH LV LQ
1HZ<RUNRQ/LEHUW\,VODQG1HZ<RUNLVRQHRIWKH
ELJJHVW DQG WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW FLWLHV LQ WKH
FRXQWU\ 6LWXDWHG DW WKH PRXWK RI WKH GHHS +XGVRQ
5LYHULWKDVDOZD\VEHHQWKHZLQGRZDQGJDWHZD\WR b)
WKH86$

2   7KLV LV WKH $PHULFDQ ÀDJ RIWHQ FDOOHG  ³7KH

6WDUV DQG 6WULSHV´ 7KHUH DUH WKUHH FRORXUV WKLUWHHQ
VWULSHVDQG¿IW\VWDUVRQWKHÀDJ7KHWKUHHFRORXUV
UHG VLJQL¿HV KDUGLQHVV DQG YDORXU  ZKLWH
VLJQL¿HV SXULW\ DQG LQQRFHQFH DQG EOXH VLJQL¿HV
YLJLODQFH  DQG MXVWLFH 7KH UHG DQG ZKLWH VWULSHV c)
VLJQLI\ WKH QXPEHU RI FRORQLHV WKH  VWDUV VLJQLI\
WKH QXPEHU RI VWDWHV <RX FDQ VHH $PHULFDQ ÀDJ
LQVFKRROVVKRSVR൶ FHVLQWKHVWUHHWVDQGVTXDUHV
$PHULFDQV DUH YHU\ SURXG RI WKHLU ÀDJ 7KH
HDJOH EHFDPH WKH R൶ FLDO QDWLRQDO V\PERO RI WKH
FRXQWU\LQ

3  2QH RI WKH PRVW SRSXODU KROLGD\V LQ WKH 86$

d)
LV ,QGHSHQGHQFH 'D\ -XO\  ,W¶V WKH ELUWKGD\ RI
WKH 86$ 2Q WKLV GD\ LQ $PHULFD VLJQHG WKH
'HFODUDWLRQ RI ,QGHSHQGHQFH 7RDGD\ WKH FRXQWU\¶V
ELUWKGD\ LV ZLGHO\ FHOHEUDWHG ZLWK SDUDGHV SXEOLF
PHHWLQJV SDWULRWLF PXVLF DQG SROLWLFDO VSHHFKHV
7KHUHDUHSLFQLFVDQGEDUEHFXHVDQGLQWKHHYHQLQJ
WKHUHDUHELJ¿UHZRUNVKRZV

4 7KDQNVJLYLQJ'D\LVDWUHPHQGRXVKROLGD\LQWKH86$,WLVFHOHEUDWHGRQ
WKH IRXUWK 7KXUVGD\ LQ 1RYHPEHU 7KLV KROLGD\ LV D KDUYHVW IHVWLYDO DQG LW LV
YHU\ SRSXODU 7KLV LV D IDPLO\ KROLGD\ ZKHQ DOO WKH PHPEHUV JHW WRJHWKHU WR
KDYH D PHDO 0RVW SHRSOH JR WR FKXUFK LQ WKH PRUQLQJ DQG WKHQ WKH\ KDYH
7KDQNVJLYLQJGLQQHU

YDORXU>‫ޖ‬Y Oԥ@(n)great courage in the face (of danger or battle) 153

YLJLODQFH>‫ޖ‬YܼG‫ܼݤ‬OԥQV@(n) sharp-sightness, alertness, guard
 Reading

1 GW. Read the paragraphs and give them the following titles.
Share your ideas on them working in groups.
• The total area of the country and the states of the country
• The population of the United States
• The main industry
• The ruler of the country
• The national symbols and the traditional customs and holidays in the US
• The places of interest in the country

$ 7KH8QLWHG6WDWHVRI$PHULFDWKH86$LVWKHIRXUWKODUJHVWFRXQWU\LQWKHZRUOG

DIWHU5XVVLD&DQDGDDQG&KLQD,WRFFXSLHVWKHVRXWKHUQSDUWRI1RUWK$PHULFDDQG
VWUHWFKHVIURPWKH3DFL¿FWRWKH$WODQWLF2FHDQ,WDOVRLQFOXGHV$ODVNDLQWKHQRUWK
DQG+DZDLLLQWKH3DFL¿F2FHDQ7KHWRWDODUHDRIWKHFRXQWU\LVDERXWQLQHDQGD
KDOIPLOOLRQVTXDUHNLORPHWUHV7KH86$ERUGHUVRQ&DQDGDLQWKHQRUWKDQG0H[LFR
LQWKHVRXWK,WDOVRKDVDVHDERUGHUZLWK5XVVLD7KH86$LVPDGHXSRIVWDWHV
DQGWKH'LVWULFWRI&ROXPELDDVSHFLDOIHGHUDODUHDZKHUHWKHFDSLWDORIWKHFRXQWU\
:DVKLQJWRQ LV  VLWXDWHG 7KH SRSXODWLRQ RI WKH FRXQWU\ LV PRUH WKDQ  PLOOLRQ
:HFDQVHHORZODQGVDQGPRXQWDLQVLIZHORRNDWWKHPDSRIWKH86$7KHKLJKHVW
PRXQWDLQV  DUH WKH 5RFN\ 0RXQWDLQV WKH &RUGLOOHUD DQG WKH 6LHUUD 1HYDGD 7KH
KLJKHVWSHDNLV0RXQW0F.LQOH\ZKLFKLVORFDWHGLQ$ODVND

%  7KH 86$ LV D KLJKO\ GHYHORSHG LQGXVWULDO FRXQWU\ ,W¶V WKH ZRUOG¶V OHDGLQJ
SURGXFHU RI FRSSHU DQG RLO DQG WKH ZRUOG¶V VHFRQG SURGXFHU RI LURQ RUH DQG FRDO
6RPH RI  WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW PDQXIDFWXULQJ LQGXVWULHV DUH DLUFUDIW FDUV WH[WLOHV
UDGLR DQG WHOHYLVLRQ VHWV RUQDPHQWV IXUQLWXUH DQG SDSHU7KRXJK PDLQO\ (XURSHDQ
DQG $IULFDQ LQ RULJLQ $PHULFDQV DUH PDGH XS IURP QHDUO\ DOO UDFHV DQG QDWLRQV
LQFOXGLQJ&KLQHVHDQGQDWLYH$PHULFDQV

154
 Reading

&  7KH 86$ LV DQ HQRUPRXV FRXQWU\ PRUH WKDQ WZR
WLPHV WKH VL]H RI WKH (XURSHDQ 8QLRQ 7KHUH DUH VL[
GL൵HUHQW WLPH ]RQHV DFURVV WKH FRXQWU\ ,WV ORQJHVW
URDG 86 5RXWH  VWDUWV LQ %RVWRQ 0DVVDFKXVHWWV
RQ WKH HDVW FRDVW DQG ¿QLVKHV LQ 1HZSRUW 2UHJRQ
RQWKHZHVWFRDVWRQO\DPLOHIURPWKH3DFL¿FRFHDQ
(DFKVWDWHLQWKH86$KDVLWVRZQJRYHUQPHQW7KHVHDWRIWKHFHQWUDOIHGHUDO
JRYHUQPHQWLV:DVKLQJWRQ'&$FFRUGLQJWRWKH86&RQVWLWXWLRQWKHSRZHUV
RI WKH JRYHUQPHQW DUH GLYLGHG LQWR  EUDQFKHV the executive KHDGHG E\ WKH
3UHVLGHQW the legislative H[HUFLVHG E\ WKH FRQJUHVV DQG the judical 7KH
&RQJUHVVFRQVLVWVRIWKH6HQDWHDQGWKH+RXVHRI5HSUHVHQWDWLYHV7KHUHDUHWZR
PDLQ SROLWLFDO SDUWLHV LQ WKH 86$ WKH 5HSXEOLFDQ DQG WKH 'HPRFUDWLF WKRXJK
WKHUH¶VKDUGO\DQ\GL൵HUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHLUSROLWLFDOOLQHV
' *HRUJH:DVKLQJWRQZDVERUQLQ9LUJLQLD+LVIDPLO\
RZQHGDELJIDUPDQGKDGVODYHV*HRUJHGLGQ¶WJHWPXFK
HGXFDWLRQ'XULQJKLVOLIHKHWULHGWKUHHMREVDIDUPHUD
VROGLHUDQGDSROLWLFLDQ+HZDV&RPPDQGHULQ±&KLHI
RI WKH$UP\ DQG IRXJKW DJDLQVW WKH %ULWLVK LQ WKH :DU
RI ,QGHSHQGHQFH :KHQ WKH ZDU HQGHG LQ  KH ZDV
KDSS\ WR JR EDFN WR WKH IDUP EXW KLV FRXQWU\ ZDQWHG KLP WR EH WKH  3UHVLGHQW
)LQDOO\LQKHEHFDPHD3UHVLGHQWDQGJDYHKLVQDPHWRWKHQHZFDSLWDOFLW\
7KRXJKKHVWDUWHGWKHEXLOGLQJRIWKH:KLWH+RXVHKHQHYHUOLYHGLQLW

 (  ,Q :DVKLQJWRQ '&  3HQQV\OYDQLD

$YHQXHLVDYHU\VSHFLDODGGUHVV,W¶VWKHDGGUHVVRI
WKH:KLWH +RXVH WKH KRPH RI WKH 3UHVLGHQW RI WKH
8QLWHG6WDWHV2ULJLQDOO\WKH:KLWH+RXVHZDVJUH\
DQGZDVFDOOHGWKH3UHVLGHQWLDO3DODFH,WZDVEXLOW
IURPWR$WWKLVWLPHWKHFLW\RI:DVKLQJWRQZDVEXLOW,WZDVWREHWKH
QDWLRQ¶VQHZFDSLWDOFLW\*HRUJH:DVKLQJWRQWKH¿UVWSUHVLGHQWDQG3LHUUH&KDUOHV
/¶(QIDQWD)UHQFKHQJLQHHUFKRVHWKHSODFHIRUWKHQHZFLW\/¶(QIDQWWKHQSODQQHG
WKHFLW\DQGWKH3UHVLGHQW¶VKRPHZDVDQLPSRUWDQWSDUWRIWKHSODQ$FRQWHVWZDV
KHOGWRSLFNDGHVLJQIRUWKHSUHVLGHQW¶VKRPH$QDUFKLWHFWQDPHG-DPHV+REDQ
ZRQ+HGHVLJQHGDODUJHKRXVHRIJUH\VWRQH,QWKH86$DQG*UHDW%ULWDLQ
ZHQWWRZDU7KH%ULWLVKLQYDGHG:DVKLQJWRQLQDQGEXUQHGPDQ\EXLOGLQJV
LQFOXGLQJWKH3UHVLGHQWLDO3DODFH$IWHUWKHZDU-DPHV+REDQWKHRULJLQDODUFKL
WHFWSDUWLDOO\UHEXLOWWKHSUHVLGHQW¶VKRPH7RFRYHUWKHPDUNVRI¿UHWKHEXLOGLQJ
ZDVSDLQWHGZKLWH%HIRUHORQJLWEHFDPHNQRZQDVWKH:KLWH+RXVH7KH:KLWH
+RXVHLVRQHRIWKHPRVWSRSXODUWRXULVWDWWUDFWLRQVLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV(YHU\\HDU
PRUHWKDQPLOOLRQYLVLWRUVJRWKURXJKWKH¿YHURRPVWKDWDUHRSHQWRWKHSXEOLF

155
 Reading

2 GW. Say the sentences in the Reported Speech.

2XUJHRJUDSK\WHDFKHUVD\V³7KHFOLPDWHRIWKHFRXQWU\YDULHVJUHDWO\´
$\GDQVD\V³7KH86$LVWKHIRXUWKODUJHVWFRXQWU\LQWKHZRUOG
$QDUDVNV³+RZPDQ\SHRSOHOLYHLQWKH86$"´
)XDGVD\V³7KH86$ERUGHUVRQ&DQDGDLQWKHQRUWKDQG0H[LFRLQWKHVRXWK´
7KHWHDFKHUDVNV³:KHUHLVWKH86$VLWXDWHG"´
7KHVWXGHQWDVNV³:KLFKLVWKHODUJHVWFLW\LQWKH86$"´
+HDVNV´:KHQGLG*HRUJH:DVKLQJWRQEHFRPHWKHSUHVLGHQW"´

3 GW. Think and match the given numbers with the events 1-6.
Find the numbers you don’t need.
WKHWRWDODUHDRIWKHFRXQWU\   
DYHU\VSHFLDODGGUHVV
WKHSRSXODWLRQRIWKHFRXQWU\    
EUDQFKHVLQWKHSRZHURIJRYHUQPHQW
WKH86$DQG*UHDW%ULWDLQZHQWWRZDU   
WKHODUJHVWFRXQWU\

4 IW/PW. Fill in the gaps with suitable articles looking through the
“Compare and Remember” box.
6WDWXHRI/LEHUW\LVRQHRIPRVWIDPRXVV\PEROVRI86$
)UDQFHJDYHWKHVWDWXHWR$PHULFDLQDVDV\PERORIIULHQGVKLS
KLJKHVWPRXQWDLQVDUH5RFN\PRXQWDLQV&RUGLOOHUDDQG6LHUUD1HYDGD
0RXQW0F.LQOH\ORFDWHGLQ$ODVNDLVKLJKHVWSHDN
86$LVIRXUWKODUJHVWFRXQWU\LQWKHZRUOGDIWHU5XVVLD&DQDGDDQG&KLQD
,WRFFXSLHVWKHVRXWKHUQSDUWRI1RUWK$PHULFDDQGVWUHWFKHVIURP3DFL¿F
 WR$WODQWLF2FHDQ
*UHDW6PRN\0RXQWDLQV*UDQG&DQ\RQDQG<HOORZVWRQH3DUNDUHWKH
 PRVWSRSXODUSODFHVLQ$PHULFD

COMPARE AND REMEMBER!

7KH'H¿QLWH$UWLFOH³WKH´
WKH WKH
the Amazon Alaska
the Atlantic Canada
the Caucasus China
the Cordillera Chicago
the Mississippi North America
the Pacic South America
the USA Yellowstone Park

156
 Reading
5 GW. Read and fill in the gaps with the suitable words in the box.
Define the style of the text.

DW\SKRRQVEWHPSHUDWXUHFVXEWURSLFDOGDOOLJDWRUV

HWURSLFDOIWULEHVJFRQWLQHQWDOKGHQVLW\
LERUGHUMGLVWLQFWLRQNWHUULWRU\OSURYLQFHV

 7KH 86$ LV D ODQG RI H[WUHPHV ,W¶V ERWK RQH RI WKH
KRWWHVW DQG FROGHVW SODFHV LQ WKH ZRUOG 7KH FOLPDWH RI WKH
FRXQWU\ YDULHV JUHDWO\7KH FROGHVW UHJLRQV DUH LQ WKH QRUWK
7KH FOLPDWH RI $ODVND LV DUFWLF 7KH FOLPDWH RI WKH FHQWUDO
SDUW LV    7KH VRXWK KDV  D   FOLPDWH +RW ZLQGV
EORZLQJ IURP WKH *XOI RI 0H[LFR RIWHQ EULQJ    7KH
FOLPDWH DORQJ WKH 3DFL¿F FRDVW LV PXFK ZDUPHU WKDQ WKDW
RIWKH$WODQWLFFRDVW
 0RQWDQD LV WKH IRXUWK ODUJHVW VWDWH LQ DUHD EXW LQ
SRSXODWLRQ   LW UDQNV WK LW LV VLWXDWHG RQ WKH
&DQDGLDQ ERUGHU LQ WKH QRUWKHUQ  PRXQWDLQ UHJLRQ RI WKH
ZHVWHUQ  8QLWHG  6WDWHV 7KH VWDWH ZDV  RQFH  FDOOHG  WKH
³LFHER[RIWKHQDWLRQ´EHIRUH$ODVNDWRRNDZD\WKDW
7KHORZHVWHYHUUHFRUGHGLQWKH86$H[FHSW$ODVND
ZDVÛ&DW5RJHUV3DVV0RQWDQDLQ-DQXDU\

$PHULFD¶V ODUJHVW ULYHUV DUH WKH 0LVVLVVLSSL WKH 0LVVRXUL

WKH5LR*UDQGHDQGWKH&ROXPELD7KH0LVVLVVLSSL5LYHULQ
WKH8QLWHG6WDWHVLVFDOOHG³WKHIDWKHURIZDWHUV´7KHQDPH
0LVVLVVLSSL³IDWKHURIZDWHUV´DQG³WKHELJJHVWULYHU´FRPHV
IURPWKH,QGLDQWKDWOLYHGDORQJWKHIDPRXVULYHU7KH
0LVVRXULDQGWKH2KLR5LYHUVWRXFKDOORUSDUWRIVWDWHVDV
ZHOODV&DQDGLDQ7KH*UHDW/DNHVRQWKHZLWK
&DQDGDDUHWKHODUJHVWDQGGHHSHVWLQWKH86$
$PHULFDLVWKH¿UVWFRXQWU\WRVWDUWXS³1DWLRQDO3DUNV´
EHJLQQLQJ ZLWK ³<HOORZVWRQH´ LQ  7KHUH DUH PRUH
WKDQ VL[W\ QDWLRQDO SDUNV WKDW FRYHU D ODUJH DUHD  RI WKH
FRXQWU\7KH*UHDW6PRN\0RXQWDLQVWKH*UDQG&DQ\RQ
DQG <HOORZVWRQH 3DUN DQG WKH (YHUJODGHV DUH WKH PRVW
LQWHUHVWLQJSODFHVWRYLVLW0RVWRIWKHLULVFRYHUHG
ZLWKJUDVV2SHQZDWHULVVRPHWLPHVIRXQGDQGWKHUHDUH
DORWRILVODQGVZLWKSODQWV,I\RXYLVLW(YHUJODGHV
QDWLRQDOSDUNLQ)ORULGD<RXFDQVHHDORWRI%HFDUHIXOWKH\DUHGDQJHURXV
WKH\DUHSURWHFWHGEHFDXVHWKH(YHUJODGHVLVDQDWLRQDOSDUN7RXULVWVDQGQDWXUDOLVWV
FRPHWRVHHZDWHUELUGVEREFDWVEHDUVDQGDOOLJDWRUVKHUH

157
 Writing Test Your Memory
1 GW/IW. Read the passage and write a narrative paragraph about
customs and traditions in the USA.
$PHULFD¶VDIULHQGO\FRXQWU\ZLWKIULHQGO\SHRSOH,QVPDOO$PHULFDQWRZQV\RXFDQ
KHDU ³+HOOR´ ³+L´ ³:HOFRPH´ IURP IULHQGV DQG DOVR IURP RWKHU SHRSOH ZKR GRQ¶W
NQRZ\RX:DLWHUVLQUHVWDXUDQWVRIWHQWHOO\RXWKHLUQDPHVDQGWDONWR\RX:KHQ\RX
OHDYHWKH\ZLOOWHOO\RX³7DNHFDUH´RU³+DYHDQLFHGD\´³Pot Luck”GLQQHUVDUH
YHU\SRSXODUZLWK$PHULFDQV$WD³3RW/XFN´GLQQHUDOOWKHJXHVWVEULQJVRPHWKLQJWR
HDWDQGXVXDOO\DVNWKHKRVWRUKRVWHVVZKDWWKH\ZRXOGOLNH$PHULFDQVORYHWRJHWWR
JHWKHUDQGDOVRKDYHSDUWLHV7UDGLWLRQDOSDUWLHVDUHELUWKGD\VPRYLQJWRDQHZKRXVHD
ZHGGLQJ1HZ<HDU¶V(YHDQGWKH,QGHSHQGHQFH'D\$PHULFDQVOLNHWRUHOD[DQGHQMR\
WKHPVHOYHV6R$PHULFDQV¶EHVWDGYLFHLV³ Relax, smile and enjoy yourself!´

2 GW/IW. Write a descriptive paragraph about states/cities in/of the USA

looking through the model and say what type of letter style it is.
Model:

The largest cities of the USA are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia,
Detroit, San-Francisco, Washington and others. New York is the nancial and
media capital of the world. It’s the centre of American cultural life. New York holds
the leading place in fashion and entertainment.

3 PW. Express your points of view on America using the words and
expressions from the box.
JUDQGLRVHFRXQWU\FXOWXUDOOLIH¿QDQFLDOORZODQGV
LQGHSHQGHQFHHQWHUWDLQPHQWLPSRUWDQWQDWLRQDOSDUNV
WUDGLWLRQVKLJKODQGVWRUHOD[DIULHQGO\VWDWH

4 PW. Complete the table with the information about the USA.
The capital
The symbols
The biggest cities
The population
Places of interest
Holidays
Customs and traditions 
The geographical position
158
 Writing

5 IW. Look at the questionnaire and create your own quiz on the USA.
:K\GRHV$PHULFDQÀDJKDYHVWDUV"
%HFDXVHWKH86$KDV
a) 50 towns b) 50 cities c) 50 states d) districts
+RZPDQ\SHRSOHOLYHLQWKH86$"
a) 325 million b) 280 million c) 180 million d) 300 million
:KDWLVWKHFDSLWDORIWKH86$"
a) Boston b) Philadelphia c) New York d) Washington D.C.
7KH:KLWH+RXVHZDVRULJLQDOO\FDOOHG
a) the home of kings b) Home of Americans
c) Presidential Palace d) George Washington’s house
:KLFKLVWKHODUJHVWVWDWHLQWKH86$"
a) Washington b) Alaska c) California d) Arizona
7KH86$LV
a) a constitutional monarchy b) a federal monarchy
c) a federal republic d) the President’s home
,QODZWKHKHDGRIVWDWHLQWKH86$LV
a) the president b) the queen c) the Prime Minister d) the king
7KHVWULSHVRQWKHÀDJRIWKH86$VKRZ
a) states b) colonies c) democracy d) independence

6 IW/PW. Correct mistakes using sources and rewrite sentences.

$PHULFDQVFHOHEUDWHWKH,QGHSHQGHQFH'D\RQ-XQHHYHU\\HDU
7KHFOLPDWHRI$ODVNDLVFRQWLQHQWDO
*HRUJH:DVKLQJWRQWKHVHFRQG3UHVLGHQWRIWKH86$
ZDVERUQLQ$ODVND
7KHFROGHVWUHJLRQVDUHLQWKHVRXWK
$PHULFD¶VGHHSHVWULYHUVDUHWKH0LVVLVVLSSLDQGWKH
0LVVRXUL
7KH0LVVLVVLSSL5LYHULQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVLVFDOOHG³WKH
IDWKHURIYDOOH\V´
$WD³Pot Luck´GLQQHUDOOWKHJXHVWVEULQJVRPHWKLQJWRHDWDQGQHYHUDVN
WKHKRVWRUKRVWHVVZKDWWKH\ZRXOGOLNH
7KH*UHDW6PRN\0RXQWDLQVZHUHRQFHFDOOHGWKH“icebox of the nation”
7KHFOLPDWHDORQJWKH$WODQWLFFRDVWLVPXFKFROGHUWKDQWKH3DFL¿FFRDVW
7RXULVWVDQGQDWXUDOLVWVFRPHWR$ODVNDWRVHHZDWHUELUGVEREFDWVEHDUVDQG
DOOLJDWRUV

159
 Assessment

1 Read the text with correct intonation and discuss the questions.
• What personality traits do you think are typical for the Americans?
• What were the Americans like at the period of the frontier experience?
(According to the American historian Frederick Jackson Turner, the
frontier experience had a deep inuence on the American character.)

$PHULFD LV D QDWLRQ RI ULVNWDNHUV 0RVW $PHULFDQV DUH GHVFHQGDQWV  RI
LPPLJUDQWV7KHSLRQHHUVZKROLYHGRQWKHIURQWLHUKDGDKDUGOLIH
)URQWLHUVPHQDQGZRPHQZHUHRIWHQIDFLQJQHZSUREOHPVDQGVLWXDWLRQVZKLFK
QHHGHG  QHZ VROXWLRQV 8QGHU WKHVH FLUFXPVWDQFHV WKH\ OHDUQHG WR H[SHULPHQW
ZLWK QHZ LQYHQWLRQV DQG QHZ ZD\V RI GRLQJ WKLQJV7KH ZLOOLQJQHVV WR H[SHULPHQW
DQG LQYHQW OHG WR DQRWKHU $PHULFDQ WUDLW D VHQVH RI RSWLPLVP WKDW HYHU\ SUREOHP
KDV D VROXWLRQ 7KH IURQWLHUVPHQ KDG WR RYHUFRPH PDQ\ GL൶ FXOWLHV )ULHQGV DQG
QHLJKERXUVFDPHIRUKHOSZLWKRXWDQ\UHZDUG7KH\VKDUHGIRRGWRJHWKHUEXLOW
HDFKRWKHU¶VKRXVHVDQGIRXJKW¿UHV7KLVH[WUDRUGLQDU\ZLOOLQJQHVVWRFRRSHUDWHJDYH
D ULVH WR WKH$PHULFDQ¶V  FDSDFLW\  IRU YROXQWHHU DFWLRQV 7KH GL൵XFLOWLHV RI WKH
IURQWLHU DOVR VKDSHG WKH WUDGLWLRQ RI KRVSLWDOLW\  $V WKH SHRSOH DFTXLUHG QHZ
WHUULWRULHVWKH\ZHUHPRYLQJIURPHDVWWRZHVW$PHULFDQVOLNHWRPRYHIURPRQHSDUW
RIWKHFRXQWU\WRDQRWKHU7KH\OHIWWKHLURZQFRXQWU\IRUWKHXQNQRZQZRUOGVRWKH\
ZHUHULVNWDNHUV7KDWLVKRZWKH$PHULFDQVEHFDPHWKHZD\WKH\DUH
7KH%ULWLVKVSHDNDIRUHLJQODQJXDJH7KH$PHULFDQVKDYHVXVSHFWHGLWVLQFH
WKH WLPH RI %HQMDPLQ )UDQNOLQ 2VFDU :LOGH VDLG ³:H DQG$PHULFDQV KDYH PXFK
LQ FRPPRQ EXW WKHUH LV DOZD\V WKH ODQJXDJH EDUULHU ´ 7LOO WKH HQG RI WKH WK
FHQWXU\ WKH +ROO\ZRRG ¿OPV ZHUH GXEEHG  IRU (QJOLVKPHQ EHFDXVH RI WKHLU
GLVDELOLW\ WR XQGHUVWDQG $PHULFDQ (QJOLVK $( %XW ZLWK WKH HFRQRPLFDO
GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH 86$  WKH $( KDV ZRQ LWV VWURQJ SRVLWLRQV LQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO
UHODWLRQV 0RUHRYHU $PHULFDQ ERRNV ¿OPV 79 VHULHV EHJDQ WR IRUFH RXW WKH
DQDORJRXV SURGXFWVLQWKHPDUNHWVRI(XURSH

2 Find and match the words 1-8 with their definitions a-h.

FPLJUDQW
FD WH
DGXSOL ESUL]H
LEH
UR IDWU WLRQ
HPEH H URXV UHFHS
GDP RPHWKL
QJ O\ DQ G  J H Q
HVWV
XPEHUR
IV K IULHQG U W D LQ P HQWRIJX
HWKHQ DQGHQ W H
HRSOHRU
W K DWNHHSVS LVWHQFH
IRE V W D F OH
DUW QLGHD RIWKHH[
WKLQJVDS JKDYHD

*analogous [
næl

s] (adj) similiar or alike, analogic, same
160
 Assessment

3 Answer the questions on task 5, p 157.

:KDWDUHWKHODUJHVWULYHUVLQ$PHULFD"
:KDWSDUWRI$PHULFDLV0RQWDQDVLWXDWHGLQDQGKRZODUJH
LVLW"
+RZLVWKHFOLPDWHLQ$ODVND"
:KDWDUHWKHFROGHVWUHJLRQVRI$PHULFD"
:KDWSDUWRIWKH86$GRWRXULVWVDQGQDWXUDOLVWV
FRPHWRVHHEREFDWVEHDUVDQGDOOLJDWRUV"

4 Think of some words describing personality traits and use them in

sentences. Sample: patient, polite, optimist, etc.

5 Match the words with their definitions and say how people can be
described if they have traits mentioned above.
Sample: If a person has patience he/she is patient.

DWKHDELOLW\WROLYHWKURXJKGL൶ FXOWFRQGLWLRQV
SDWLHQFH
EWKHDELOLW\WRPRYHTXLFNO\DQGHDVLO\IURPSODFH
VHOIUHOLDQFH WRSODFH
FWKHDELOLW\WRXVHRQH¶VRZQSRZHURIDFWLRQDQG
VXEPLVVLRQ MXGJHPHQWZLWKRXWGHSHQGLQJRQRWKHUV
GJUHDWFDUH
PRELOLW\
HDIHHOLQJWKDW\RXFDQGRWKLQJVVXFFHVVIXOO\WKDW
WRXJKQHVV SHRSOHOLNH\RXRU\RXDUHDWWUDFWLYHHWF
IDZLOOLQJQHVVWRGRZKDWVRPHRQHWHOOV\RXWRGR
SUHGLFWDELOLW\ HYHQLILWLVXQSOHDVDQW
JWKHDELOLW\WRZDLWIRUVRPHWKLQJFDOPO\IRUDORQJ
YLJLODQFH
WLPH
VHOIFRQ¿GHQFH KWKHDELOLW\WRVHHRUWRGHVFULEHDIXWXUHHYHQWLQ
DGYDQFHDVDUHVXOWRINQRZOHGJHH[SHULHQFHUHDVRQ

6HOI$VVHVVPHQW
I ... Activities
UHPHPEHUHYHU\WKLQJDERXW
KDYHQRSUREOHPVZLWK
WKLQN,QHHGVRPHPRUHSUDFWLFHZLWK
WKLQN,QHHGDORWPRUHSUDFWLFHZLWK
FDQ¶WUHPHPEHUDQ\WKLQJDERXW

161
 Assessment

1 Complete the passages with the words from the box.

D4XHHQ¶V(QJOLVKEZRUGVFWHUPV

G%ULWLVK(QJOLVKHERUURZHGIODQJXDJHJPRYLH
K7KH$PHULFDQVLJUDPPDUMVLPLODU
$VVRPDQ\SHRSOHVSHDN(QJOLVKLQVRPDQ\
GL൵HUHQW FRXQWULHV WKHUH DUH PDQ\ GL൵HUHQW
“Englishes” The British literary form of English
LVFDOOHG6WDQGDUG(QJOLVK,WLVXVHGE\WKH
*RYHUQPHQW WKH %%& WKH 8QLYHUVLWLHV DQG LW
LVRIWHQFDOOHG$PHULFDQ(QJOLVKLVWKH
YDULHW\RI(QJOLVKVSRNHQLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV
RI$PHULFD,WLVDELWGL൵HUHQWIURP(QJOLVKLQ
SURQXQFLDWLRQ LQWRQDWLRQ VSHOOLQJ YRFDEXODU\
DQGVRPHWLPHVHYHQLQ$Q(QJOLVKPDQ
JRHVWRWKHWRZQFHQWUHWRZDWFKDZKLOHDQ$PHULFDQJRHVGRZQWRZQWRZDWFK
DPRYLH,IDQ(QJOLVKPDQQHHGVDSHQKHZRXOGDVN\RX´+DYH\RXJRWDSHQ
SOHDVH"´EXWDQ$PHULFDQZRXOGVD\´'R\RXKDYHDSHQ"´
$XVWUDOLDQDQG1HZ=HDODQG(QJOLVKDOVRFDOOHG$XVWUDOLDQ(QJOLVKDUHYHU\
(VSHFLDOO\LQSURQXQFLDWLRQWKH\DUHDOVRVLPLODUWR%ULWLVK(QJOLVKEXWWKHUHDUH
GL൵HUHQFHVLQDQGVODQJ0DQ\WHUPVVXFKDVNDQJDURRGLQJRZRPEDWDQG
ERRPHUDQJFRPHIURPWKH$ERULJLQDODQGPDQ\RWKHUVIURPWKH&RFNQH\
GLDOHFWVSRNHQE\WKH¿UVWVHWWOHUVWKH/RQGRQHUV
&DQDGLDQ(QJOLVKLVGL൵HUHQWERWKIURP$PHULFDQ(QJOLVKDQGIURP,W
LVVDLGWRVRXQGOLNH$PHULFDQWR%ULWRQVDQGOLNH%ULWLVKWR,QSLRQHHUGD\V
&DQDGLDQVDORWRIZRUGVIURP&DQDGLDQ)UHQFKIRUH[DPSOH habitat,IURPWKH
QDWLYH,QGLDQODQJXDJHVFDPHDORWRIOLNHcaribouDQGtotemDQGIURP(VNLPR
&DQDGLDQ(QJOLVKWRRNanorak, inuit, kayakDQGRWKHUV

2 Find and add more words looking through the “Compare and
Remember ” box.

COMPARE AND REMEMBER !

%( $( %( $(
■ OLWWHU ■ JDUEDJH ■ WD[L ■ FDE
■ holiday ■YDFDWLRQ ■ maize ■FRUQ
■ pavement ■ sidewalk ■ petrol ■ gasoline
■ flat ■ apartment ■ lift ■ elevator
■ chrisps ■ chips ■ motorway ■ highway
■ queue ■ line ■ tin ■ can
162
 Lesson 2. My Hearth-Azerbaijan!

What you’ll learn:

‡:KDWWKHWRWDODUHDRI$]HUEDLMDQLV
‡+RZPDQ\SHRSOHOLYHLQ$]HUEDLMDQ
‡:KDWWKHJHRJUDSKLFDOSRVLWLRQRIWKHFRXQWU\LV
‡:KDWQDWLRQDOV\PEROVFXVWRPVDQGWUDGLWLRQVWKHFRXQWU\KDVJRW
‡:KDWSODFHVRILQWHUHVWWKHUHDUHLQ$]HUEDLMDQ
‡:KRWKHPRVWIDPRXVSHRSOHRI$]HUEDLMDQDUH

Word File
DQWKHP>‫ޖ‬ QșԥP@(n) a song that has a special importance for a country, an
organization or a particular group of people, and is sung on special
occasions
ERUGHURQ>E‫ܧ‬Gԥ@(v) 1. share a border with another country or area
2. be next to smth
EHERXQGHG>ED‫ݜ‬QGܼG@(v) be certain or likely to happen, or to do or be something
FODVVLI\>‫ޙ‬NOԥ‫ޖ‬VܼIDܼ@(v)group, grade, categorize, sort out, arrange sth according
to shared qualities or characteristics
¿VKHU\>‫ޖ‬Iܼ‫ݕ‬ԥUL@(n) a place where sh are reared for commercial purposes
KHDUWK>K‫ޝܤ‬ș@(n) home, native land, nest, homeland
KRUQEHDP>‫ޖ‬K‫ޝܧ‬QEL‫ޝ‬P@ (n) a tree with smooth grey bark and hard wood
OLPH>ODܼP@(n) a white substance used in building materials and to help
plants grow
PDSOH>‫ޖ‬PHܼSO@(n) a tall tree grown in northern countries that has sour juice
like a lemon
PXOWLQDWLRQDO>‫ޙ‬P‫ݞ‬OWL‫ޖ‬Q ‫ݕ‬QԥO@(adj) existing in or involving many countries
UHSUHVHQW>‫ޙ‬UHSUܼ‫]ޖ‬HQW@(v) be a member of a group of people and act or speak
on their behalf at an event, a meeting, etc.
WUHDW\>‫ޖ‬WUL‫ޝ‬WL@(n) a formal agreement between two or more countries

1 IW. Listen and practise the words with the same sound. Tick the ones
that have a different sound.

>‫@ޝܧ‬ERUGHUKRUQEHDPFRXUWVSRQJH
> @DQWKHPQDWLRQDOPDQQHUPDSOH
>‫@ݞ‬PXOWLQDWLRQDOEORRGFRXQWU\DUHD
>ƾ@DORQJVWURQJÀDJPDQWUXQN

163
 Listening/Speaking
2 CW/GW. Listen to the Fact Box and talk about the pictures.

FACT BOX

*DUD*DUD\HYZURWHQHDUO\PXVLFDOSLHFHVLQFOXGLQJEDOOHWV
RSHUDV V\PSKRQLF DQG FKDPEHU SLHFHV VRORV IRU SLDQR FDQWDWDV
VRQJVDQGPDUFKHVDQGEHFDPHIDPRXVZRUOGZLGH*DUD*DUD\HY
¿UVW VWXGLHG DW MXQLRU PXVLF VFKRRO DW WKH $]HUEDLMDQ 6WDWH
&RQVHUYDWRLUH FXUUHQWO\ NQRZQ DV WKH %DNX 0XVLF$FDGHP\ 7KH
SURPLQHQW$]HUEDLMDQL FRPSRVHU 8]H\LU +DMLEH\OL ZDV KLV WHDFKHU
,QZKHQKHZDV*DUD*DUD\HYFRPSRVHGKLV¿UVWPXVLFDO
1918 -1982 SLHFHDFDQWDWD“The Song of the Heart”WRWKHSRHPE\5DVXO5]D
,QWRJHWKHUZLWK-RYGDW+DML\HYKHZURWHWKHRSHUD“Motherland”IRUZKLFK
WKH\ZHUHDZDUGHGD6WDOLQ3UL]H,QDWWKHDJHRI*DUD*DUD\HYZDVDJDLQ
DZDUGHGWKLVSUL]HIRUKLVV\PSKRQLFSRHP“Leyli and Majnun”+HFRQWLQXHG8]H\LU
+DMLEH\OL¶V WUDGLWLRQDO HPSKDVLV RQ $]HUEDLMDQL IRON PXVLF LQ WHDFKLQJ DQG DOVR
SURPRWHG FRQWHPSRUDU\ JHQUHV VXFK DV MD]] LQ$]HUEDLMDQL PXVLF *DUD *DUD\HY¶V
EDOOHW “Seven Beauties” RSHQHG D QHZ FKDSWHU LQ WKH KLVWRU\ RI FODVVLFDO PXVLF RI
$]HUEDLMDQ+LVRWKHUEDOOHW“Path of Thunder”ZDVVWDJHGLQ

1RWRQO\OLWHUDWXUHDQGPXVLFEXWDOVR$
 ]HUEDLMDQL
GDQFHVDUHZHOONQRZQDOORYHUWKHZRUOGDQG
KHOSWRH[SUHVVFXOWXUDOULFKQHVVRIWKHFRXQWU\
7KHKLVWRU\RIIRONGDQFHVRI$]HUEDLMDQLVYHU\
ROG $]HUEDLMDQL GDQFHV V\PEROL]H GL൵HUHQW
FKDUDFWHUV VXFK DV FRXUDJH EUDYHU\ ODERXU
³<DOOL´ H[SUHVVHV XQLW\ DQG FROOHFWLYHQHVV$ JURXS RI SHRSOH SHUIRUP LW ZLWK
KDQGNHUFKLHIVLQWKHLUKDQGV

164
3 GW. Listen to the newspaper interview and classify the foreigner’s ideas.
Ask questions for the given answers.

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB"
± ,¶YH FRPH WR NQRZ DERXW PDQ\ WKLQJV WKDW DUH ZRUWK SUDLVLQJ DQG DUH
UHDOO\ WKH SULGH LQ $]HUEDLMDQ 7KLV QHZVSDSHU KHOSHG PH WR JHW  D ORW RI
LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW $]HUEDLMDQ , OLNHG DOO WKHVH DUWLFOHV SXEOLVKHG LQ WKLV
QHZVSDSHU7KHPRVWLQHWHUHVWLQJLVWKLVGHDOLQJZLWKWKH$]HUEDLMDQ¶VLQWHUQDWLRQDO
SROLF\HFRQRPLFGHYHORSPHQWHGXFDWLRQDQGVFLHQFH
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB"
±,OLNHUHDGLQJQHZVSDSHUV$QGWKLVQHZVSDSHUJDYHPHDQREMHFWLYHSLFWXUH
RI OLIH LQ WKH FRXQWU\ ZKLFK KDV DQ ROG KLVWRU\ ,¶YH YLVLWHG $]HUEDLMDQ WKUHH
WLPHVDQGKDYHVHHQJUHDWGHYHORSPHQWVRYHUWKDWSHULRGZLWKP\RZQH\HV7KH
GHPRFUDWLFFKDQJHVKDYHFUHDWHGWKHFRXQWU\RIDQHZNLQG:KHQ,WDONDERXW\RXU
FRXQWU\ZLWK\RXUSHRSOH,VHHWKDW\RXDUHYHU\SURXGRI\RXUPRWKHUODQGLWVKLVWRU\
ODQJXDJHQDWXUHEHDXW\KROLGD\VFXVWRPVDQGWUDGLWLRQV
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB"
±2KWKHFDSLWDOFLW\$PD]LQJ,WLVRQHRIWKHPRVWEHDXWLIXOFLWLHVRIWKHZRUOG
,¶YHVHHQDORWRIZRQGHUIXOFKDQJHVKHUH,FDQ¶WEHOLHYHP\RZQH\HVKRZ%DNX
KDVFKDQJHG)ODPH7RZHUV&U\VWDOO+DOO2O\PSLF6WDGLXP+H\GDU$OL\HY&HQWUH
DQGRWKHUVDWWUDFWPRUHDQGPRUHWRXULVWVQRZDGD\V
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB"
±,¶YHDOVROHDUQWDORWDERXWSHRSOHRI$]HUEDLMDQ$VWKH5HSXEOLFRI$]HUEDLMDQ
LVDPXOWLQDWLRQDOVWDWH\RXFDQPHHWGL൵HUHQWQDWLRQVKHUHVXFKDVWKH5XVVLDQV
/H]JKLQV7DOLVKHV7DWDUVDQGVRRQ+RZKRVSLWDEOHWKH$]HUEDLMDQLVDUH$OORI
WKHPHQMR\HTXDOULJKWVWRGHYHORSWKHLUQDWLRQDOODQJXDJHFXOWXUHDQGWUDGLWLRQV
$]HUEDLMDQKDVDQDQFLHQWDQGFXOWXUDOKHULWDJH
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB"
±7KH LQIRUPDWLRQ ZDV YHU\ KHOSIXO WR PH:KHQ , UHWXUQ WR P\ FRXQWU\ ,¶OO
WHOOP\VWXGHQWVHYHU\WKLQJ,µYHUHDGDQGVHHQKHUH$QG,WKLQNLWZLOOEHYHU\
LQWHUHVWLQJIRUP\VWXGHQWVWRR
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB"
±$QG,ZDQWWRVD\WKHDUWLFOHSXEOLVKHGLQWKHQHZVSDSHUKDVRSHQHGP\H\HV
WRWKLQJV,KDGQRLGHDRIEHIRUH6XFKNLQGRIDUWLFOHVJLYHWKHUHDGHUVDFKDQFHWR
OHDUQDORWDERXWSODFHVWKHLUFXOWXUHDQGWUDGLWLRQV

4 GW. Discuss these statements and express your thoughts on them.

 Democratic changes have inuenced the economy and industry of the country.
 The Azerbaijanis are proud of their motherland.
 Azerbaijan is a multinational and cosmopolitan country.

165
 Reading

1 CW. Read the passage and the “Fact Box” with correct intonation and
analyze the events.

$]HUEDLMDQ LV WKH ODUJHVW

FRXQWU\LQWKH&DXFDVXVUHJLRQ
RI (XUDVLD  ,W LV ERXQGHG E\
5XVVLDRQWKHQRUWKRQWKHHDVW
E\WKH&DVSLDQ6HDRQWKHVRXWK
DQGZHVWE\,UDQRQWKHZHVWE\
$UPHQLD RQ WKH QRUWKZHVW E\ *HRUJLD DQG 7XUNH\ $ERXW WKLUW\ PLOOLRQ SHRSOH
OLYH LQ$]HUEDLMDQ$V D UHVXOW RI ZDUV EHWZHHQ 5XVVLD DQG ,UDQ$]HUEDLMDQ ZDV
GLYLGHGLQWRWZRSDUWVDVIRU7XUNPDQFKD\7UHDW\LQ6RXWKHUQ$]HUEDLMDQ
DQG 1RUWKHUQ $]HUEDLMDQ ,Q VRPH ERRNV WKH SDUWV RI $]HUEDLMDQ DUH FDOOHG
5XVVLDQ$]HUEDLMDQDQG,UDQLDQ$]HUEDLMDQ
 1RUWKHUQ $]HUEDLMDQ LV QRZ FDOOHG WKH 5HSXEOLF RI  $]HUEDLMDQ 0RUH WKDQ
QLQH PLOOLRQ SHRSOH RI GL൵HUHQW QDWLRQDOLWLHV OLYH LQ WKH 5HSXEOLF RI$]HUEDLMDQ
0RVWRIWKHPDUHWKH$]HUEDLMDQLSHRSOH,WKDVLWVRZQWULFRORUÀDJDQGQDWLRQDO
HPEOHPDQWKHPPRQH\DQGDUP\
7KH FRORXUV XVHG LQ FRPSRVLQJ WKH HPEOHP DUH WDNHQ IURP WKH QDWLRQDO ÀDJ
*UHHQLQGLFDWHVWKHIDFWWKDW$]HUEDLMDQLVDQ,VODPLFFRXQWU\5HGLQGLFDWHVPHDQV
WKHGHYHORSPHQWDQGGHPRFUDF\RI$]HUEDLMDQ%OXHLQGLFDWHVWKDWWKH$]HUEDLMDQLV
DUHRQHRIWKH7XUNLFSHRSOHV7KHVWDULWVHOIVWDQGVIRUWKHHLJKWEUDQFKHVRIWKH7XU
NLFSHRSOHVDQGEHWZHHQHDFKSRLQWRIWKHVWDUWKHUHLVDVPDOOHUHLJKWSRLQWHGVWDU
7KH VWDWH HPEOHP RI$]HUEDLMDQ  PL[HV WUDGLWLRQDO DQG PRGHUQ V\PEROV 7KH
ORFDOSRLQWRIWKHHPEOHPLVWKHV\PERORI¿UH7KLVV\PEROFRPHVIURPWKHIDFW
WKDW$]HUEDLMDQLV³WKHODQGRIHWHUQDO¿UH´

FACT BOX

Ƈ7KHQDPHRIWKHFRXQWU\FRPHVIURPWKHQDPHRI
$WURSDWHQDUXOHU$WURSDW/DWHULWEHFDPH$]HUEDLMDQ

Ƈ0D\LVWKHGD\RIHVWDEOLVKLQJWKH,QGHSHQGHQW$]HUEDLMDQ
5HSXEOLF,WOLYHGIRURQO\PRQWKV7KHWURRSVRIWKHWK5HG$UP\FDPH
WR%DNXDQGLQ'HFHPEHU$]HUEDLMDQEHFDPHDSDUWRIWKHIRUPHU6RYLHW
6WDWH,Q$]HUEDLMDQUHJDLQHGLWVLQGHSHQGHQFHZKLFKRSHQHGDQHZVWDJHLQ
WKHKLVWRU\RI$]HUEDLMDQ

166
2 GW/PW. Read the “Do You Know?” box and search for more facts about
the riches of Azerbaijan and share your opinions.

Ƈ $]HUEDLMDQ KDV D ORW RI QDWXUDO ULFKHV WKH SULQFLSDO RQH EHLQJ RLO 7KH RLO
SURGXFWLRQ RFFXSLHV WKH PDMRU SODFH LQ WKH HFRQRP\ RI WKH UHSXEOLF 2WKHU
QDWXUDO ULFKHV RI $]HUEDLMDQ DUH FREDOW FRSSHU URFN VDOW PDUEOH DQG PDQ\
PDQ\RWKHUV
Ƈ$]HUEDLMDQLVIDPRXVIRULWVPLQHUDOVSULQJVVXFKDV,VWLVX%DGDPOL6LUDE
DQGRWKHUV7KHUHDUHDORWRIULYHUVLQ$]HUEDLMDQ7KHORQJHVWULYHU.XUULVHVLQ
7XUNH\DQGÀRZVLQWRWKH&DVSLDQ6HD7KHUHDUHWZRHOHFWULFSRZHUVWDWLRQVRQ
WKHULYHU.XU7KHIDPRXV0LQJDFKHYLU+\GURHOHFWULF3RZHU6WDWLRQZKLFKZDV
EXLOWDIWHU:RUOG:DU,,DQGWKH6KDPNLU+\GURHOHFWULF3RZHU6WDWLRQZKLFKZDV
EXLOWVRPH\HDUVDJR
Ƈ$]HUEDLMDQLVIDPRXVIRULWV6KDNLVLON(YHQLQWKHROGWLPHVPHUFKDQWVIURP
GL൵HUHQWFRXQWULHVFDPHWR$]HUEDLMDQWREX\VLON7KHUHDUHULFK¿VKHULHVDORQJ
WKHFRDVWRIWKH&DVSLDQ6HDDQGRQWKHEDQNRIWKHULYHU.XU%ODFNFDYLDUIURP
$]HUEDLMDQLVIDPRXVLQWKHZKROHZRUOG
Ƈ2XUFRXQWU\KDVDYHU\ULFKIDXQDDQGÀRUD7KHUHDUHQLQHFOLPDWLF]RQHVLQ
$]HUEDLMDQ<RXFDQ¿QGSODQWVLQRXUFRXQWU\7KHUHDUHVL[UHVHUYDWLRQV
LQ$]HUEDLMDQ7KH\DUH*L]LODJKDM6KLUYDQ*R\*RO7XULDQFKD\*LUNDQDQG
=DJDWDOD

REMEMBER!
'DWHV 6SHFLDO'D\VDQG+ROLGD\V
20 January %ODFN-DQXDU\
26 February .KRMDOL7UDJHG\
20-21 March 1RYUX]+ROLGD\
28 May 'D\RIHVWDEOLVKLQJWKH,QGHSHQGHQW$]HUEDLMDQ5HSXEOLF
15 June 'D\RI1DWLRQDO6DOYDWLRQ
26 June 'D\RIWKH$UPHG)RUFHVRI$]HUEDLMDQ
18 October ,QGHSHQGHQFH'D\
9 November )ODJ'D\

3 GW/RW. Find out the given numbers according to the passage above.
Match them with the events.
,QGHSHQGHQFH'D\
%ODFN-DQXDU\   
)ODJ'D\
.KRMDO\7UDJHG\
   
6DOYDWLRQ'D\
$UP\'D\
'D\RIHVWDEOLVKLQJWKH,QGHSHQGHQW$]HUEDLMDQ5HSXEOLF
167
 Writing Test Your Memory

1 GW/IW. Make a paragraph or presentation on famous people of

Azerbaijan looking at the pictures and prepare an informative text.
Model: Lot A. Zadeh is one of the most famous and referenced scientic authors not
only in Azerbaijan, but also in the world. Lot A. Zadeh is the member of a big number
of awards and medals from dierent honourary societies. He has developed ve fun-
damental scientic theories. We are proud of our Azerbaijan scientists, poets, writers.

2 CW/PW. Read the statements and analyze the events. Then correct the
mistakes and make your additions using the sources.
$]HUEDLMDQLVD\RXQJFRXQWU\
$]HUEDLMDQUHJDLQHGLWVLQGHSHQGHQFHLQ
7KHIRUHVWVLQ$]HUEDLMDQDUHLQ*XED*DEDOD*DQMDDQG*D]DNK
$WWKHWRSRIWKHPRXQWDLQVRIWKH&DXFDVXV\RXFDQ¿QGZDWHUIDOOVDQGODNHV
7KHUHDUHVHYHQFOLPDWLF]RQHVLQ$]HUEDLMDQ
$]HUEDLMDQKDVDORWRIQDWXUDOULFKHVVXFKDVRLOULFHFRSSHUVXJDUDQGWHD
$IWHU:RUOG:DU,,WKH6KDPNLU+\GURHOHFWULF3RZHU6WDWLRQZDVEXLOW

3 GW. Find the meaning of the words and build up sentences using them.

FRVPRSROLWDQVRYHUHLJQERXQGHGHWHUQDO
PXOWLQDWLRQDOUHSUHVHQWDQWKHPERUGHU
HYHUODVWLQJQDWXUDOWUHDW\PDUEOH

168
 Assessment

1 Listen and write a descriptive essay following the model.

7KHUH DUH WKLFN DQG ODUJH IRUHVWV LQ $]HUEDLMDQ
ZKHUH GL൵HUHQW ZLOG DQLPDOV OLYH 7KH\ DUH LQ
6KDNL =DNDWDOD *XED .KDFKPD] ,VPDLOO\
/DQNDUDQDQG*DUDEDJK0RVWRIWKHIRUHVWVKDYH
UDWKHU YDOXDEOH WUHH W\SHV VXFK DV DQ LURQ WUHH D
EHHFKWUHHDKRUQEHDPDOLPHDPDSOHHWF$W
WKH WRS RI WKH PRXQWDLQV \RX FDQ ¿QG GL൵HUHQW
KHUEV ZKLFK DUH XVHG DV D PHGLFLQH 7KH IRUHVW
SROLF\RIWKHFRXQWU\LVPDQDJHGE\WKH'HSDUWPHQWIRU)RUHVWV'HYHORSPHQWXQGHU
WKH0LQLVWU\RI(FRORJ\DQG1DWXUDO5HVRXUFHVRIWKH5HSXEOLFRI$]HUEDLMDQ

2 Project. Search for more information and write a paragraph about

Garabagh looking through the plan.
*DUDEDJKWKHROGSURYLQFHRI$]HUEDLMDQ
*DUDEDJKWKHFRPPHUFLDOFXOWXUDODQG
DJULFXOWXUDOFHQWHURI$]HUEDLMDQ
6KXVKDNQRZQDVWKH&RQVHUYDWRLUHRI$]HUEDLMDQ
*DUDEDJKNQRZQDVWKHKRPHODQGRIWKHPRVW
IDPRXV$]HUEDLMDQLFRPSRVHUVVLQJHUVSRHWVDV
0ROOD3DQDK9DJLI.KXUVKXGEDQX1DWDYDQ%XOEXO
8]H\LU+DMLEH\OL*DUD*DUD\HY)LNUDW$PLURY
DQGRWKHUV

3 Complete the table with the information about Azerbaijan.

The President
The capital
The ocial language
The history
The symbols
The population
The places of interest
The customs and traditions
The landmarks and museums
The famous people
The relations with other countries
The geographical position
The natural resources
The currency
The area code

169
 Lesson 3. Profitable Cooperation Of Azerbaijan

What you’ll learn:

‡:KDWFRXQWULHV$]HUEDLMDQKDVFORVHGLSORPDWLFUHODWLRQVZLWK
‡:KDWNLQGRISURMHFWVWKHSUHVLGHQWRI$]HUEDLMDQKDVUHFHQWO\VLJQHG
‡+RZPDQ\LQWHUQDWLRQDORUJDQL]DWLRQVZHFXUUHQWO\KROGPHPEHUVKLSLQ
‡,QZKDW¿HOGV$]HUEDLMDQKDVUHODWLRQVZLWKWKH86$WKH8.HWF

Word File

DGPLVVLRQ>ԥG‫ޖ‬Pܼ‫ݕ‬Q@(n) the act of accepting somebody into an institution,

organization, etc.; the right to enter a place or to join an institution
or organization
HQVXUH>ܼQ‫ݜݕޖ‬ԥ@(v) make sure that something happens or is denite
IUDPHZRUN>‫ޖ‬IUHܼPZ‫ޝܮ‬N@(n) the parts of a building or an object that support its
weight and give it a shape
LQÀXHQWLDO>‫ܼޙ‬QÀX‫ޖ‬HQ‫ݕ‬O@(adj) having a lot of inuence on somebody/something
PDLQWDLQ>PHܼQ‫ޖ‬WHܼQ@(v) keep, keep up, carry on, support
PXOWLODWHUDO>‫ޙ‬P‫ݞ‬OWL‫ޖ‬O WԥUԥO@(adj) in which three or more groups or nations,
multinational
PXWXDO>‫ޖ‬PMX‫ޝ‬W‫ݕ‬XԥO@(adj) used to describe feelings that two or more people have
for each other equally, or actions that aect two or more people equally
SUR¿WDEOH>‫ޖ‬SU‫ܥ‬IܼWԥEO@(adj) that makes or is likely to make money
UHODWLRQVKLS>Uܼ‫ޖ‬OHܼ‫ݕ‬Q‫ܼݕ‬S@(n) the way in which two people, groups or countries
behave towards each other or deal with each other
XQLWDU\>‫ޖ‬MX‫ޝ‬QܼWԥUL@(adj) forming a single or uniform entity; solitary

1 CW/IW. Choose and write the words with the same vowel sound in
appropriate box and pronounce them correctly.

DGPLVVLRQUHODWLRQVKLSHPEDVV\PXWXDOÀRRG
PXOWLODWHUDOQRZDGD\VFRORXUHGHQVXUHÀRXU
RUJDQL]DWLRQSUR¿WDEOHPDQPDGHHTXDOPXG
IUDPHZRUNPDLQWDLQPXOWLQDWLRQDOÀDPHVWXG

>Xԥ@ >Hܼ@ >‫@ݞ‬ >ܼ@

‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡

170
 Listening/Speaking

Diagnostic Assessment YES NO

Activites I can... I can’t...
6SHDNDERXWGL൵HUHQWFRXQWULHV
7DONDERXWUHODWLRQVKLSVDPRQJFRXQWULHV
'HVFULEHSLFWXUHVRQWKHWRSLF
7DONDERXWWKHIXWXUHRIRXUFRXQWU\
Ask questions on the foreign policy of Azerbaijan

1 CW/IW. Look at the pictures and talk about them listening to the model.

Model: We see our President Ilham Aliyev and the Ex-President of the USA B.Obama.
They are having negotiations on .... . It shows our close relationship with
the US government.

2 PW. Answer the questions and play a role.

$\JXO:KDWFDQ\RXVD\DERXWWKHIRUHLJQSROLF\RI$]HUEDLMDQ"
,VPD\LOBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
$\JXO:KDWFRXQWULHVGRHV$]HUEDLMDQKDYHUHODWLRQVZLWK"
,VPD\LOBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
$\JXO:KDW¶VWKHUROHRIWKHVHUHODWLRQVLQ$]HUEDLMDQ¶VSURJUHVV"
,VPD\LOBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
$\JXO,QZKDW¿HOGVGRHV$]HUEDLMDQKDYHFRRSHUDWLRQZLWK$PHULFDDQG5XVVLD"
,VPD\LOBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
$\JXO:KDWDUHWKHPRVWSUR¿WDEOHSURMHFWV"
,VPD\LOBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
171
 Listening/Speaking

3 GW. Listen to the information and fill in the gaps with the words from
the box.

DLQWHUQDWLRQDO  EVLJQL¿FDQW FHFRQRPLF

GPDMRU  HSROLWLFDO IJOREDO
JIRUHLJQ  KXQLWDU\LSUR¿WDEOH

$]HUEDLMDQ LV D VHFXODU  DQG D  

UHSXEOLF ,W LV RQH RI WKH VL[ LQGHSHQGHQW
7XUNLF VWDWHV DV ZHOO DV DQ DFWLYH PHPEHU
RI WKH 7XUNLF &RXQFLO DQG WKH 785.62<
FRPPXQLW\ $]HUEDLMDQ FXUUHQWO\ KROGV
PHPEHUVKLSLQRUJDQL]DWLRQVDQG
KDV GLSORPDWLF UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK  QHDUO\  FRXQWULHV VXFK DV Afghanistan,
Bahrain, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary,
Greece, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Kuwait, Mexico,
Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Qatar, India, Russia, Saudi Arabia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the Ukraine, the United Arab Emirates,
the United Kingdom, the United States, DQG RWKHUV $]HUEDLMDQ DOVR PDLQWDLQV
JRRG UHODWLRQVKLSV ZLWK WKH (XURSHDQ 8QLRQ LQ WKH IUDPHZRUN RI LWV (DVWHUQ
(XURSHDQ1HLJKERXUKRRG3ROLF\

$]HUEDLMDQ LV WKH   H[SRUW  PDUNHW  IRU WKH

FRXQWULHV RI :HVWHUQ (XURSH 7KH QHFHVVLW\ RI
WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI PXWXDOO\   FRRSHUDWLRQ
EHWZHHQ WKH OHDGLQJ VWDWHV RI WKH )DU (DVW&KLQD
DQG-DSDQFDXVHG$]HUEDLMDQWREHPRUHDFWLYHLQ
WKHSURMHFWRIWKH*UHDW6LON5RDG

$]HUEDLMDQ DOVR DWWDFKHV  

LPSRUWDQFH RU YDOXH WR WKH
UHODWLRQVKLSV ZLWK WKH GHYHORSHG
FRXQWULHV RI WKH :HVW LQ LWV  
SROLF\ HVSHFLDOO\ WR WKH FRQWDFWV
ZLWKWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVRI$PHULFD
$V WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKHVH
UHODWLRQVSURPRWHVWKHDQGSURJUHVVRI$]HUEDLMDQWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ
RI&DVSLDQRLODQGJDVSURMHFWVWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIWKHWUDQVUHJLRQDOFRUULGRUV
FRPPXQLFDWLQJ(XURSHDQG$VLDWKHFRRSHUDWLRQEHWZHHQ$]HUEDLMDQDQGWKH86$
LVWKHPDMRUHOHPHQWLQWKHLQWHJUDWLRQRIRXUFRXQWU\WRWKHHFRQRPLFV\VWHP

VHFXODU>‫ޖ‬V‫ܭ‬NM‫ݜ‬Oԥ@ (adj) age old and worldly, eternal, civil

172
 Reading
1 IW/PW. Make mottos looking through the model.
$]HUEDLMDQ$0XOWLQDWLRQDO5HSXEOLF

$]HUEDLMDQ$8QLWDU\5HSXEOLF

9LVLW$]HUEDLMDQDQGVHHHYHU\WKLQJZLWK\RXURZQH\HV

$]HUEDLMDQ7KH/DQGRI)LUH

&RPHWR3URVSHURXV$]HUEDLMDQ
2 GW. Read the text and try to define its style.

$IWHU JDLQLQJ SROLWLFDO LQGHSHQGHQFH

$]HUEDLMDQ HVWDEOLVKHG IRUHLJQ HFRQRPLF
UHODWLRQV RQ WKH ULJKW WUDFN 1RZ
$]HUEDLMDQ KDV PXWXDO HFRQRPLF DQG
WUDGH UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK  FRXQWULHV RI
WKH ZRUOG (FRQRPLF SRWHQWLDO ULFK UDZ
PDWHULDO DQG PLQHUDO UHVRXUFHV QDWXUDO FRQGLWLRQV DQG IDYRUDEOH HFRQRPLF
JHRJUDSKLFDO SRVLWLRQ RI WKH FRXQWU\ LQFUHDVH RSSRUWXQLWLHV IRU FRRSHUDWLRQ
(FRQRPLF FRRSHUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH IRUHLJQ FRXQWULHV SURYLGHV JUHDW DGYDQWDJHV WR
HQVXUH PXOWLODWHUDO GHYHORSPHQW RI QDWLRQDO HFRQRP\ 6R DV WKH QDWLRQDO
HFRQRP\ RI$]HUEDLMDQ 5HSXEOLF LV RQ WKH ZD\ RI IRUPDWLRQ PXWXDO HFRQRPLF
UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK IRUHLJQ FRXQWULHV DQG WKH VWUHQJWKHQLQJ RI WKHVH UHODWLRQV
DUH RI JUHDW LPSRUWDQFH 7KH PDLQ IHDWXUH RI IRUHLJQ HFRQRPLF UHODWLRQV RI WKH
5HSXEOLF RI $]HUEDLMDQ LV WKH FRXQWU\¶V DGPLVVLRQ LQWR LQWHUQDWLRQDO UHJLRQDO
DQG ORFDO HFRQRPLF RUJDQL]DWLRQV $IWHU RXU LQGHSHQGHQFH ZDV UHVWRUHG
$]HUEDLMDQ HVWDEOLVKHG ¿UVW FRRSHUDWLYH UHODWLRQV ZLWK D QXPEHU RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO
HFRQRPLF RUJDQL]DWLRQV 6R $]HUEDLMDQ LV RQH RI WKH FRIRXQGHUV DQG PHPEHUV
RI *8$0 *HRUJLD WKH 8NUDLQH  $]HUEDLMDQ 0ROGDYLD DQ RUJDQL]DWLRQ RI
GHPRFUDF\ DQG HFRQRPLF GHYHORSPHQW 7KH 2UJDQL]DWLRQ IRU (FRQRPLF
&RRSHUDWLRQ2(&KDVDVSHFLDOUROHLQ$]HUEDLMDQ¶VLQWHJUDWLRQLQWRWKHZRUOG
HFRQRP\ $]HUEDLMDQ LV RQH RI WKH FRIRXQGHUV RI WKH %ODFN 6HD (FRQRPLF
&RRSHUDWLRQ 2UJDQL]DWLRQ %6(& $]HUEDLMDQ EHFDPH WKH PHPEHU RI &,6
ZKLFKLVDOVRDPHPEHURIWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQVWKH26&(WKH&RXQFLORI(XURSH
DQGWKH1$723DUWQHUVKLSIRU3HDFH3I3SURJUDP$]HUEDLMDQEHFDPHWKHIRUW\
WKLUGPHPEHUVWDWHRIWKH3DUOLDPHQWDU\$VVHPEO\RIWKH(XURSHDQ&RXQFLO

3 IW. Find the meaning of the words in bold and build up sentences using
them.
173
 Reading
4 GW/PW. Analyze the statements and give comments on them.
‡Azerbaijan has close relations with a number of foreign countries
‡Azerbaijan is the member of a number of international organizations
‡Azerbaijan has cross -cultural relations with dierent countries
‡The Organization for Economic Co-operation has a special role in
Azerbaijan’s integration into the world economy
‡Azerbaijan has close relationships and treatments with a number of
foreign organizations and companies
5 CW/GW. Look through the “Fact Box” and complete the table. Search for
more information and speak about the role and importance of
the relationships.

FACT BOX
,QIRUPDWLRQRQVRPHRIWKHFRXQWULHVWKDW$]HUEDLMDQPDLQWDLQVIRUPDOUHODWLRQV
&RXQWULHV )RUPDO5HODWLRQV%HJDQ
the USA Ƈ$]HUEDLMDQKDVDQHPEDVV\LQ:DVKLQJWRQ'&
Ƈ$]HUEDLMDQKDVDFRQVXODWHJHQHUDOLQ/RV$QJHOHV
Ƈ8QLWHG6WDWHVKDVDQHPEDVV\LQ%DNX
the UK Ƈ$]HUEDLMDQKDVDQHPEDVV\LQ/RQGRQ
Ƈ7KH8QLWHG.LQJGRPKDVDQHPEDVV\LQ%DNX
Ƈ%RWKFRXQWULHVDUHIXOOPHPEHUVRIWKH&RXQFLORI(XURSH
DQGWKH2UJDQL]DWLRQIRU6HFXULW\DQG&RRSHUDWLRQLQ
(XURSH26&(
Czech Republic Ƈ$]HUEDLMDQKDVDQHPEDVV\LQ3UDJXHRSHQHGRQ$XJXVW

Ƈ7KH&]HFK5HSXEOLFKDVDQHPEDVV\LQ%DNX
Ƈ%RWKFRXQWULHVDUHIXOOPHPEHUVRIWKH&RXQFLORI(XURSH
DQGWKH26&(7KH&]HFK5HSXEOLFUHFRJQL]HGWKH
,QGHSHQGHQFHRI$]HUEDLMDQRQ-DQXDU\
Germany Ƈ$]HUEDLMDQKDVDQHPEDVV\LQ%HUOLQ
Ƈ*HUPDQ\KDVDQHPEDVV\LQ%DNX
Ƈ%RWKFRXQWULHVDUHIXOOPHPEHUVRIWKH&RXQFLORI(XURSH
DQGWKH2UJDQL]DWLRQIRU6HFXULW\DQG&RRSHUDWLRQLQ
(XURSH26&(

&]HFK
)DFWV&RXQWULHV 86 8. *HUPDQ\ 2WKHU
5HSXEOLF
Azerbaijan has an embassy in 9 9 9 9
This country has an embassy in Baku
It is the member of CE and OSCE

174
 Writing Test Your Memory
1 PW/IW. Give abbreviations for the following:
3DUWQHUVKLSIRU3HDFH
7KH2UJDQL]DWLRQIRU(FRQRPLF&RRSHUDWLRQ
2UJDQL]DWLRQIRU6HFXULW\DQG&RRSHUDWLRQLQ(XURSH
%ODFN6HD(FRQRPLF&RRSHUDWLRQ
WKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV
2 GW/PW. Correct the statements according to the information and
rewrite them.
‡Azerbaijan has close relations with 48 countries.
‡Azerbaijan is the member of some international organizations.
‡The main feature of local economic relations of Azerbaijan is the country’s
admission into regional organizations.
‡The OEC has an important role in Azerbaijan’s integration into the world
culture.
‡The Czech Republic recognized the independence of Azerbaijan in 1993.
‡Azerbaijan has become the 33rd member state of the European Council.
‡Azerbaijan has no embassy in Germany.

3 IW/CW. Find the synonyms and antonyms of the given words and use
them in sentences.
UHODWLRQLQWHUQDWLRQDOHPEDVV\IRUHLJQJOREDO
GL൵HUHQWFRRSHUDWLRQSUR¿WDEOHIUDPHZRUN
LQGHSHQGHQWLQWHJUDWLRQPDLQWDLQXQLWDU\
4 IW/GW. Search and write about the countries that Azerbaijan has
formal relations with. (See Fact Box, page 174). Make a presentation.
5 PW/IW. Design a questionnaire about cooperation of Azerbaijan with
other countries in different fields.
Self-Assessment
I can ... Samples
‡¿QGRXWWKHVW\OHRIWKHWH[WUHDGLQJLW
mutual-
‡¿QGRXWWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHZRUGV
multilateral-
‡VHDUFKPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQORRNLQJWKURXJK Azerbaijan has an embassy
WKH³)DFW%R[´ in__________
Azerbaijan has close relations with 48
countries-wrong.
‡FRUUHFWWKHZURQJVWDWHPHQWV
Azerbaijan has close relations with a
number of countries - correct.

175
 Student Portfolio. Revise and check around Unit 5.

1 Complete the table.

,QWKH¿HOGRI :KDW,OHDUQHG +RZ,¶OOLPSOHPHQW
Listening
Speaking
Reading
Writing
Logical Thinking
Critical Thinking
Grammar Section
Other things

2 Correct the sentences paying attention to the conjunctive words and

word order. Follow the model.
Model:Mehriban asks that what countries does Azerbaijan border on.
Mehriban asks what countries Azerbaijan borders on.
(OYLQVD\VZKRGRHVUXOHWKHFRXQWU\ 6RQDDVNHGLIZKDWIDPRXVZULWHUV,NQHZ

6HYGDVD\VLI$]HUEDLMDQDQROG $\JXQDVNVKRZPDQ\SHRSOHLQ
FRXQWU\LV $]HUEDLMDQOLYH

$VLPDVNHGRQZKDW¿HOGVGRHV$]HU
$VLIDVNVZKHUHLV$]HUEDLMDQVLWXDWHG
EDLMDQKDYHFRRSHUDWLRQZLWKWKH8.

9DJLIDVNVZKDWLVWKHSROLF\RI 5DXODVNVZKDWLVWKHQDWLRQDOV\PERO
$]HUEDLMDQ RI$]HUEDLMDQ

6HPUDDVNVWKDWZKHQ$]HUEDLMDQ .KDGLMDDVNVLIWKHUHQLQHFOLPDWLF
JDLQHGLWVLQGHSHQGHQFH ]RQHVDUHLQ$]HUEDLMDQ

6DPLUDDVNHGZKDWQDWLRQDOKROLGD\VGRHV$]HUEDLMDQKDYH

3 Project. Search for more information and write a paragraph about

Azerbaijan looking through the plan.
$]HUEDLMDQ7KHFRXQWU\WKDWKDVFOLPDWLF]RQHV
$]HUEDLMDQ/DQGRI¿UH
$]HUEDLMDQ0XOWLQDWLRQDOFRXQWU\DQGKRVSLWDEOHSHRSOH
$]HUEDLMDQ/DQGRISRHWU\
$]HUEDLMDQ3DUDGLVH
176
4 Listen to the poem and match the words in bold 1-13 with a-m. Express
your opinions on how the poet glorified his hearth – Azerbaijan.

$]HUEDLMDQ
by S.Vurghun
0HQNQRZWKDW\RXDUHPLQHE\ELUWK .KD]DU±WKHVHD\RXERUGHURQ
0\QHVWP\UHIXJHDQGP\KHDUWK :KHUHÀRDWVWKHOHJHQGDU\VZDQ
0\PRWKHUQDWLYHODQGGHDUHDUWK 0\GD\GUHDPVVZHHSPHVZLIWO\RQ
6HYHUVRXODQGERG\"'HDWKEXWFDQ 7R0XJKDQ/RZODQGRQWR0LOO
2$]HUEDLMDQP\$]HUEDLMDQ $ORQJOLIHURDGKDOIGRQH,IHHO
,¶YHZDONHGWKHVHPRXQWDLQVDJDLQDQGDJDLQ 6SLULWLPPRUWDOZRUNVLPPRUWDO
3DVVHGE\WKHVSULQJVEULJKWH\HGDVFUDQHV 1L]DPL)L]XOL"DUHLPPRUWDO
$QGFDXJKWWKHGLVWDQWSODVKLQJVWUDLQ 2QSHQDQGSDSHURSHQWKHSRUWDOV
:KHUHTXLHW$UDNV¶ZDWHUVPRYHG 2I\RXUVRXOUHFRUGWKHÀRZ
+HUHORYHDQGIULHQGV,¶YHWUXO\SURYHG 7KHZRUGRQFHZULWHWKURXJKWLPHZLOOJR
$VPRWKHUWRPHDVFKLOGWR\RX± <RXUPRXQWDLQFUHVWVDUHWRSSHGZLWKVQRZ
6XFKLVWKHERQGZHHYHUNQHZ $QGFORXG±DVKDZORIÀHHF\ÀRZ
,¶GFRPHEDFNZKHUHYHU,ÀHZ <RXUSDVWLVJUHDWHUWKDQZHNQRZ
)RU\RXDUHP\SHRSOH\RX±P\QHVW <RXUDJHIURPHYHU\RQHREVFXUHG
0\QDWLYHELUWKSODFHHYHUEOHVW $QGQRQHPD\JXHVVZKDW\RX¶YH
HQGXUHG
%HDXWLIXOELUWKODQG
<RXUPHDQLQJ¶VGHHS %HDXWLIXOELUWKODQG,ZDVERUQ
&UDGOHRI%HDXW\WKDWQHYHUVOHHSV 7RJHWKHUZLWKIUHHGRP¶VGDZQ
:KHUHVRQJVRIEDUGLQVSLUHGVZHHS :KLFKFULPVRQEDQQHUVGLGDGRUQ±
7KHVXQ
VHPEUDFH"\RXUFRXQWHUSDUW /LIHVHHPHGRQHHQGOHVVMR\RXVIHDVW
2ODQGRISRHWU\DQGDUW *D\VRQJVDQGODXJKWHUQHYHUFHDVHG
'HDUFRXQWU\±JDWHRIWKH$QFLHQW(DVW
(Translated by Gladys Evans)
a) the house or area where a person was born
b) a tall, long-legged and long-necked bird noted for its elaborate courtship dances
c) a person’s feelings or state of mind
d) a country or an area to share a border with another country or area
e) the home, thought as the safe place where parents bring up their children
f) a collection of poems
g) living or lasting for ever
h) a series of images, events and feelings that happen in your mind while you are
asleep or wishes
i) dark red in colour
j) very famous and talked about a lot by people in a way with admiration
k) home, land, the birthplace where one was born
l) hidden, covered or kept from being seen
m) suer patiently; tolerate, bear

5 Write a descriptive essay about Azerbaijani culture/art/history/nature.

177
 UNIT SPORTS AND GAMES
6 Lesson 1. Love Sports!

What you’ll learn:

‡:KDWWKHUROHRIVSRUWLQOLIHLV
‡+RZVSRUWKHOSVSHRSOHWRNHHS¿WDQGKHDOWK\
‡:KDWVSRUWWHDFKHVSHRSOH
‡,IOLIHZLWKRXWVSRUWLVSRVVLEOHRUQRW

Word File
FRDFK>Nԥ‫ݜ‬W‫( @ݕ‬n) a person who trains a person or team in sport
¿[>IܼNV@(v) put something rmly in a place so that it will not move
LQMXUH>‫ܼޖ‬QG‫ݤ‬ԥU@(v) harm yourself or somebody else physically, especially
in an accident
LQVWUXFWRU>ܼQ‫ޖ‬VWU‫ݞ‬NWԥ@(n) a person whose job is to teach somebody a practical
skill or sport
MRJJLQJ>‫ޖ‬G‫ܼܳܥݤ‬ƾ@(n) the activity of running slowly and steadily as a form
of exercise
MXGJH>G‫ݞݤ‬G‫@ݤ‬1. (n) a person who decides who has won a competition
2. (v) keep an eye on to take care of somebody/something and
make sure that they are not harmed, damaged, etc.
3. (v) form an opinion or conclusion about smth/smb
OHDG>OL‫ޝ‬G@(v) show the way
WKRURXJKO\>‫ޖ‬ș‫ݞ‬UԥOܼ@(adv) carefully, in details, comprehensively,
completely, accurately
WUDLQ>WUHܼQ@(v) teach a person or an animal the skills for a particular job or
activity; to be taught in this or that way

1 IW. Listen and practise the words with the same sound. Tick the ones
that have a different sound.

>‫@ܧ‬MRJJLQJVSRUWSRVVLEOHFRXJK
>‫@ݞ‬LQVWUXFWRUÀRRGWKRURXJKO\FRQFOXVLRQ
>RX@WDXJKWFRDFKNQRZQVWRQH
>G‫@ݤ‬LQMXUHMXGJHJDLQJHVWXUH

178
 Listening/Speaking

2 CW. Answer the question looking through the pictures.

• What do these pictures tell you?

3 GW. Listen to the statements and classify them. You can add your own
ideas. Which statements do you agree/disagree to/with? Why?
6SRUWW
FKDUDFWHU DNHVD
6SRUWEXLOGVD ORWRIH
QHUJ\I
URP\R
6SRUWKHOSVSHRSOHWREHFRPHJRRGIULHQGV X
6SRUWPDNHV\RXX 6SRUWLVKHDOWK
QKDSS\ZKHQ\RX
66SSRRUUWWFFDDXV ORVH
XVHHVVDDOORRWR
WRIILLQQMX
MXUULHLHVV LQ
D S S \ Z KHQ\RXZ
NHV\RXK
L P SR UW DQ W 6SRUWPD
6SRUWLV YH U\ WLYH
G W R O R V H  W  D Q G  VWD\DF
RZLQDQ NHHS¿ H
R U W WH D F KHV\RXW S R U W  K HOSVWR R X UOLI
6S 6 V \
6SRUWLVQRW
Q H F S U R ORQJ
6SRUWWHDFKHV H VVDU\ UW
\RXWREHGLV
FLSOLQHG 6SR

$JUHH :K\" 'LVDJUHH :K\"

• I think doing sport is • I don’t think that sport
‡ ‡
very important. is very important.
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •

179
 Reading

1 GW. Read the young people’s answers/opinions about sports and

games. Use the construction “ So do I/Neither do I” below.
%LOO6WXDUW
:HOO,FRQVLGHUP\VHOIDQDUPFKDLUVSRUWVPDQ,HQMR\VSRUWV

PRVWZKHQ,
PDWKRPHZDWFKLQJVSRUWSURJUDPPHVRQ79,W
V
FULFNHW WKDW , OLNH LQ SDUWLFXODU , FRXOG ZDWFK LW IRU KRXUV , HYHQ VWRSSHG ¿[LQJ
P\PRWRUELNHODVWZHHNWRZDWFK(QJODQGSOD\LQJZLWK-DPDLFD<RXVHHLW
VQRW
WKDW,
PLQWHUHVWHGLQVSRUWV,
GUDWKHUPHHWP\PDWHVDQGGLVFXVVWKHZHHNHQG
V
IRRWEDOOUHVXOWVZLWKWKHP$QGGR\RXHQMR\VSRUWVDQGJDPHV"
/L]:LOOVRQ
  6R  GR , , FDQ
W LPDJLQH OLIH ZLWKRXW VSRUW , ORYH VDLOLQJ

,W
V ZRQGHUIXO WR EH LQ WKH RSHQ DLU DQG WR OLH LQ WKH VXQ %XW
LW
VWHQQLVWKDW,
PUHDOO\LQWHUHVWHGLQ0\VSRUWWHDFKHUWROGPHWKDW,KDGDVNLOO
IRUSOD\LQJWHQQLVDQGWKDW,VKRXOGSUDFWLVHLWPRUHWKRURXJKO\7KDWZDVZK\,
VWRSSHGVDLOLQJDQGWHQQLVWDNHVXSDOOP\IUHHWLPHQRZ,WZRXOGEHIDQWDVWLFWR
EHDELJWHQQLVSURIHVVLRQDODQGWUDYHODURXQGWKHZRUOGWRPHHWSHRSOHDQGEH
LQWHUYLHZHGE\79UHSRUWHUV

0DUN7D\ORU
2K,
PYHU\DFWLYHLQVSRUWVDQG,ORYHLW,UHPHPEHUVSHQGLQJ

P\GD\VUXQQLQJWKURXJKWKHZRRGVDQGFOLPELQJXSWUHHVZKHQ
,ZDVDOLWWOHER\1RZ,JRMRJJLQJHYHU\ZHHNDQGEHVLGHVWKDW,SOD\WHQQLV0\
IDYRXULWHVSRUWKRZHYHULVYROOH\EDOO0\OLIHZRXOGEHERULQJZLWKRXWLW,ORYH
LWEHFDXVHLW
VDWHDPJDPHDQG\RXQHHGDOONLQGVRIVNLOOV<RXPXVWEH¿W\RX
PXVWNHHSDQH\HRQZKDW\RXUWHDPPDWHVGRDQG\RXQHHGDTXLFNEUDLQ,WKLQN
\RXFDQPDNHQHZIULHQGVZKLOHGRLQJVSRUWV

,GRQ
WOLNHVSRUWV:KDWLVDQHQGOHVVERULQJWHQQLVPDWFK 6X]LH5XELQVWHLQ
FRPSDUHGWRDJRRG¿OP"1RWKLQJ,W
VMXVWDZDVWHRIWLPH 
6RPHSHRSOHWKLQNWKDWWKHPRVWIDPRXVVWDUVLQWKHEXVLQHVVOHDGDZRQGHUIXOOLIH
+RZFDQWKHVSRUWVPHQZKRJRWRWKHFRPSHWLWLRQVWRIRUHLJQFRXQWULHVKDYHDQ\
VRFLDOOLIH"7KH\DUHDOZD\VDZD\IURPKRPH,GRQ
WEHOLHYHWKDWWKHVHSURIHVVLRQDOV
DUHUHDOO\LQWHUHVWHGLQWKHLUVSRUWV1RERG\HYHUPHQWLRQVWKHGDQJHUVRIVSRUWV,
MXVWWKLQNRIWKHLQMXULHV

6WDWHPHQWV 6RGR, 1HLWKHUGR,

‡Bill enjoys sport very much. ‡ ‡
‡Liz can’t imagine life without sport. ‡ ‡
‡Mark is a member of local volleyball team ‡ ‡
‡ ‡
‡Suzie doesn’t go jogging.
‡ ‡
‡Mark goes jogging every week. ‡ ‡
‡Suzie doesn’t like sports. ‡ ‡
‡Mark can make new friends while doing sports.

180
 Reading
2 GW. Fill in the chart according to the passages. (See task 1, page 182)
2SLQLRQV /L] 0DUN %LOO 6X]LH 1RQH
• remembers spending his days running through
the woods
• watches dierent programmes on TV
• thinks that it’s fantastic to travel around the world
• loves basketball
• can’t imagine life without sports
• discusses the weekend’s sport results with friends
• thinks that sport causes a lot of damages/injuries
• enjoys being in the fresh air and the sun
• wishes to be interviewed by reporters
• says that sport is the waste of time
3 IW. Read the “Do You Know?” box and search for more information
about extreme, unusual kinds of sport and find out if people in our
country are interested in any of them.

 Ƈ :HVD\³6SRUW´ZKHQZHPHDQWKLVSK\VLFDODFWLYLW\JHQHUDOO\IRUH[DPSOH
³6SRUWLVJRRGIRUNHHSLQJ¿W´DQGDVSRUWVSRUWVZKHQZHPHDQDSDUWLFXODUNLQG
RIVSRUWIRUH[DPSOH“Athletics is an ancient sport”
3HRSOHZKRJRLQIRUVSRUWDUHVSRUWVPHQDQGVSRUWVZRPHQRUDWKOHWHV
Ƈ3HRSOHZKRDUHLPSRUWDQWLQVSRUWVDUH
• a coach • an instructor • a judge or a referee
Ƈ:KHQ\RXJRLQIRUVSRUW\RX
‡WUDLQIRUDFRPSHWLWLRQPDWFKJDPH‡VFRUHSRLQWVDQGJRDOV
‡SDUWLFLSDWHLQDFKDPSLRQVKLS‡ZLQRUORVHLQWKHFRPSHWLWLRQ
‡WDNHSDUWLQDWRXUQDPHQW‡ZLQDSUL]HDFXS
‡VHWEUHDNUHFRUGV‡GUDZWKHJDPH
Ƈ6RPHRIWKHSRSXODUVSRUWVDUH Ƈ6RPHRIWKHSRSXODUJDPHVDUH
‡DWKOHWLFV‡J\PQDVWLFV
‡DHURELFV‡VNLLQJ ‡FKHVV‡EDGPLQWRQ
‡ER[LQJ‡VNDWLQJ ‡JROI‡EDVNHWEDOO
‡F\FOLQJ‡¿JXUHVNDWLQJ ‡GUDXJKWV‡IRRWEDOOVRFFHU
‡VZLPPLQJ‡ZUHVWOLQJ ‡KRFNH\‡YROOH\EDOO
‡DVZLPPLQJUDFH‡DPRWRUUDFH ‡WHQQLV‡UXJE\
‡DUXQQLQJUDFH‡DKRUVHUDFH

181
 Writing Test Your Memory

1 IW. Create a descriptive paragraph on the topic using the useful phrases
and expressing opinions about sport.

‡In my opinion, everyone should... . ‡I think sport is... .

‡If you want to know what I think, sport is... . ‡Sport develops ... .
‡I’m just not interested in ... . ‡Sport teaches ... .
‡It gives an opportunity ... . ‡Sport gives ... .

2 IW/PW. Complete the sentences using the “So do I/Neither do I”

constructions.
$/L]SOD\HGYROOH\EDOOODVW\HDU $/DPDQFDQ¶WLPDJLQHKHUOLIH
%BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB ZLWKRXWVSRUW
$1XUDQDLVDPHPEHURID %BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
VSRUWFOXE $,GRQ¶WOLNHVZLPPLQJ
%BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB %BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
$0\EURWKHUKDVWRJRWRWKHSRRO $*DELFDQ¶WULGHDELF\FOH
%BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB %BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

3 PW/IW. Make a list of opinions for and against doing sports, which are
mentioned in task 3, page 183. Add as many ideas as possible.
Then compare your results with other pairs.

4 PW/GW. Make a paragraph about sports using the new words and
expressions given in the box.

RQWKHRQHKDQG,GRQ¶WWKLQN,WKLQN
RQWKHRWKHUKDQG,¶PVXUHWKDWQRGRXEW
WKHEHVWWKLQJDERXWWKHZRUVWWKLQJDERXWEHVLGHV

5 GW/IW. Follow the steps in the writing guide and make a sport profile.

Writing Guide
Brainstorm and Plan:
• sports you like to watch • sport activities you are good at
• sports you have ever tried and your results • sport you have found yourself in
• your achievements in the sport you’ve found yourself in
Check:
• phrases for facts and opinions
• words and phrases expressing opinions about sports and games

182
 Lesson 2. National Games

What you’ll learn:

‡:KDWNLQGVRIVSRUWVDQGJDPHVWKHUHDUH
‡:KDWWKHGL൵HUHQFHEHWZHHQVSRUWDQGDJDPHLV
‡:KDWQDWLRQDOJDPHVSHRSOHKDYHLQGL൵HUHQWFRXQWULHV
‡:KDWWKHDLPRIVSRUWVDQGJDPHVLV
‡:KDWQDWLRQDOJDPHVWKHUHDUHLQ$]HUEDLMDQ

Word File
DPDWHXU>‫ޖ‬ PԥWԥ@(n) engaging or engaged in without payment; nonprofessional,
nonspecialist
FKHDWHU>‫ޖ‬W‫ݕ‬L‫ޝ‬Wԥ@(n) a person who acts dishonestly in order to gain advantage;
trickster
FRRO GRZQ>NX‫ޝ‬OGD‫ݜ‬Q@ (v) to make or become less excited or less emotional
F\FOLVW>‫ޖ‬VDܼNOܼVW@(n) a person who rides a bicycle
J\PQDVW>‫ޖ‬G‫ܼݤ‬PQ VW@(n) a person who performs gymnastics
KRUVHEDFN>‫ޖ‬K‫ޝܧ‬VE N@(n) while sitting on a horse
OHDJXH>OL‫(@ܳޝ‬n) a group of sports clubs that play with each other over the
period of championship
SLWFK>SܼW‫(@ݕ‬n/v) an area of ground specially prepared and marked for playing a
sports game, a playground, eld
UDQVDFNLQJ>‫ޖ‬U QV Nܼƾ@(n/v)plundering, robbing,making a place untidy,
causing damage
VFRUH>VN‫(@ޝܧ‬n) the number of points, goals, etc. scored by each player or team
in a game or competition
VSHFWDWRU>VSHN‫ޖ‬WHܼWԥ@(n) a person who is watching an event, especially a sports
event
ZUHVWOHU>‫ޖ‬UHVOԥ@(n) a person who takes part in the sport of wrestling

1 CW/IW. Listen and practise.

>G‫@ݤ‬J\PQDVWJHRORJLVWVSRQJHJHRJUDSK\MRJJLQJ
>J@OHDJXHJOREHJDPHJUHHQKRXVHJUDQGLRVH
>W‫@ݕ‬FKHDWHUSLWFKPDWFKSDUFKPHQWGLVSDWFK
>‫@ݕ‬QDWLRQDOVKDGRZFUXFLDOIDVKLRQDEOHVXJDU\

183
 Listening/Speaking

Diagnostic Assessment YES NO

Activities I can... I can’t...
GHVFULEHWKHSLFWXUHVDERXWVSRUWVDQGJDPHV
DVNDQGDQVZHUWKHTXHVWLRQVRQVSRUWVDQGJDPHV
VKDUHP\LGHDVRQVSRUWVDQGJDPHV

2 CW/PW. Listen and express/share your ideas. Follow the model.

Model:  What are these people doing?

Model:
A: He is a wrestler. He goes in for wrestling.
B: She is a swimmer. She is swimming in the pool.
C: He is a tennis player. He is playing tennis in the tennis court.
D: She is a gymnast. She is doing exercises.

3 PW. Play a role answering the questions.

)LGDQ:KDWVSRUWVDQGJDPHVGR\RXNQRZ"
$JLOBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
)LGDQ:KDWLVWKHGL൵HUHQFHEHWZHHQ³VSRUW´DQG³DJDPH´"
$JLOBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
)LGDQ:KDW¶VWKHPRVWSRSXODUJDPHLQ(QJODQG$PHULFD"
$JLOBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
)LGDQ:KDWLVWKHPRVWSRSXODUJDPHLQ$]HUEDLMDQ"
$JLOBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
)LGDQ:KLFKRIWKHVSRUWVLVDWHDPJDPH"
$JLOBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

184
 Listening/Speaking

4 IW. Listen to the student’s ideas and speak about your favourite sports
and games.
Model: I like playing football. Football is number one for me. I’d
like to be a professional footballer and get a place in the national
team. Football is everything, money, fame and travelling for me. This
summer I’m going to spend 3 weeks in the camp for talented young
footballers. I’m going to work hard, I know, but some important
people are going to be there and who knows what will happen?

COMPARE AND REMEMBER!

‡:HXVHSOD\IRUJDPHVZLWKUXOHVDQGPXVLFDOLQVWUXPHQWV
‡:HXVHJRIRUKREELHVDQGVSRUWVHVSHFLDOO\ZKHQZHKDYHWRJRVRPH
ZKHUHWRGRWKHP
‡:HXVHGRIRURWKHUKREELHVRIWHQFUHDWLYHKREELHV
SOD\ JR GR
‡EDVNHWEDOO ‡F\FOLQJ ‡H[HUFLVHV
‡FKHVV ‡GDQFLQJ ‡VSRUW
‡WHQQLV ‡¿VKLQJ ‡JDUGHQLQJ
‡IRRWEDOO ‡VZLPPLQJ ‡NQLWWLQJ
‡FRPSXWHUJDPH ‡VNLLQJ ‡\RJD
‡FKRYJDQ ‡MRJJLQJ ‡JRRG

Ƈ6SRUWLVWKHDFWLYLW\WKDW\RXGRIRUSOHDVXUHDQGWKDWQHHGVSK\VLFDOH൵RUWRU
VNLOOXVXDOO\GRQHLQDVSHFLDODUHDDQGDFFRUGLQJWR¿[HGUXOHV
6SRUWLVDKHDOWK\HQWHUWDLQPHQWDFW
Ƈ*DPHLVWKHDFWLYLW\ZLWKUXOHVLQZKLFKSHRSOHRUWHDPVFRPSHWHDJDLQVW
HDFKRWKHUDFRQWHVWEDVHGRQUXOHVZKRVHUHVXOWLVGHWHUPLQHGE\VNLOO
NQRZOHGJHVWUHQJWKRUFKDQFH*DPHLVDFRQWHVWEDVHGRQUXOHV
Ƈ0DWFKDQRUJDQL]HGJDPHRIIRRWEDOOFULFNHWRURWKHUVSRUW

5 GW. Complete the sentences with the correct form of play, do or go.
'R\RXPRUQLQJH[HUFLVHVHYHU\GD\"
,UXJE\IRUDORFDOWHDP
+RZRIWHQGR\RXVZLPPLQJ"
0\IDWKHUJROIHYHU\ZHHNHQG
:HRIWHQF\FOLQJDWWKHZHHNHQG
0\VLVWHU\RJDWZLFHDZHHN
,FDQ¶WEDVNHWEDOOEHFDXVH,¶PWRRVKRUW
,W¶VDQLFHGD\/HW¶VVZLPPLQJ
0\JUDQGPRWKHUDORWRINQLWWLQJ
185
 Listening/Speaking

6 GW. Listen and complete the paragraphs with the words from the box.

DFKDPSLRQVKLSEFRXQWU\VLGHFEDVHEDOOGFULFNHWHOHDJXH

IHQWKXVLDVPJVSHFWDWRUVKSLWFKHULFRXUWVMKROHV

$ 7KH JDPH   LV DVVRVLDWHG ZLWK (QJODQG

0DQ\ RWKHU JDPHV DUH DOVR (QJOLVK LQ RULJLQ
EXW DUH DFFHSWHG ZLWK   LQ RWKHU FRXQWULHV
&ULFNHW ZDV VHULRXVO\ DFFHSWHG RQO\ LQ WKH
&RPPRQZHDOWK SDUWLFXODUO\ LQ $XVWUDOLD ,QGLD
DQG3DNLVWDQ&ULFNHWLVDVORZJDPH

% 7KH$VVRVLDWLRQRIIRRWEDOORUVRFFHULVYHU\SRSXODU(DFK\HDUQHDUO\PLOOLRQ
 HDFK \HDU DWWHQG PDWFKHV EHWZHHQ WKH JUHDW  SURIHVVLRQDO WHDPV RUJDQL]HG E\
WKH )RRWEDOO    7KH ELJJHVW   LQ (QJODQG ZDV  WKH )LQDO &XS SOD\HG DW
WKH (PSLUH 6WDGLXP :HPEOH\ LQ D /RQGRQ VXEXUE 5XJE\ IRRWEDOO KDV H[LVWHG LQ
%ULWDLQ VLQFH WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI WKH WK  FHQWXU\ ,W LV SOD\HG  ZLWK DQ HJJVKDSHG
EDOOZKLFKPD\EHFDUULHGDQGWKURZQEXWQRWIRUZDUG

&  7KH JDPHV RI JROI DQG WHQQLV DUH SOD\HG  E\ JUHDW QXPEHUV RI SHRSOH *ROI
LV SOD\HG LQ WKH   ,W FRQVLVWV RI GULYLQJ D VPDOO EDOO  WRZDUGV  DQG LQWR  
VHSDUDWHG E\ FRQVLGHUDEOH GLVWDQFHV E\ PHDQV  RI VSHFLDO JROIFOXEV7KH DLP LV WR
³JRURXQG´XVLQJDVIHZVWURNHVDVSRVVLEOH7KHUHDUHPDQ\WHQQLVFOXEVEXWHYHU\
WRZQ SURYLGHV WHQQLV   LQ SXEOLF  SDUNV 7KH ZRUOG WHQQLV PDWFKHV DUH KHOG DW
:LPEOHGRQLQ/RQGRQGXULQJ-XQHDQG-XO\7KHUHDUHGL൵HUHQWW\SHVRIJROI

'  LV D QDWLRQDO JDPH RI WKH 86$ 7KHUH
DUH WZR WHDPV RI QLQH SOD\HUV 7KH EDOO LV
VHPLVRIWDQGFRYHUHGLQOHDWKHU7KHEDOOLVWKURZQ
RU SLWFKHG E\ WKH   IURP DERXW WKH FHQWUH
RI WKH ³GLDPRQG´ WR WKH EDWWHU RQ WKH KRPH EDVH
7KHUHDUHWZRPDLQSURIHVVLRQDOEDVHEDOOOHDJXHV
DQGDERXWPLQRURQHVLQWKH86$DQGWKHJDPHKDVVSUHDGWRPDQ\FRXQWULHV

7 PW. Group the facts in the passages and classify them according to the
kinds of sports and games.
&ULFNHW 5XJE\ *ROI %DVHEDOO 7HQQLV
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡

186
 Reading

1 IW. Read the text with correct intonation. Pay attention to the meaning
of the words in bold and define them.

&KRYJDQ
 $]HUEDLMDQ LV RQH RI WKH GHYHORSHG
FRXQWULHV &XOWXUH VSRUW DQG VFLHQFH DUH
ÀRXULVKLQJLQRXUFRXQWU\$]HUEDLMDQLSHRSOH
DUHJRRGDWVSRUWVDQGJDPHV:HKDYHDORW
RI IDPRXV VSRUWVPHQ DQG ZH DUH SURXG RI
WKHP $]HUEDLMDQL JDPH ³&KRYJDQ´ ZKLFK
LVSOD\HGULGLQJ*DUDEDJKKRUVHVZDVLQFOXG
HGLQWRWKHOLVWRI,QWDQJLEOH&XOWXUDO+HULWDJH
RI WKH 81 (GXFDWLRQDO 6FLHQWL¿F DQG &XOWXUDO 2UJDQL]DWLRQ 81(6&2 DW WKH
UHTXHVWRI$]HUEDLMDQ7KHJDPH³&KRYJDQ´LVDVSRUWSOD\HGRQKRUVHEDFNZLWKD
KLVWRU\JRLQJEDFNWR\HDUV,WZDVRQHRIWKHPRVWSRSXODUVSRUWVDFURVV
WKH 0LGGOH (DVW LQFOXGLQJ $]HUEDLMDQ 7XUNV RUJDQL]HG KRUVH UDFLQJ GXULQJ
KROLGD\IHVWLYLWLHVZKHUHFKRYJDQDQGRWKHUKRUVHEDFNVSRUWVZHUHDOVRSOD\HG
7KH FKRYJDQ FRQWHVWV PHQWLRQHG LQ WKH HSLF SRHP ³.LWDEL 'HGH *RUJXG´ ZHUH
IDYRXULWHJDPHVDPRQJWKH2JKX]WULEHV,QWKHHSLVRGHFDOOHG³7KH5DQVDFNLQJ
RI 6DOXU *D]DQ¶V KRXVH´ WKH ZRUG FKRYJDQ PHDQV D SLHFH RI ZRRG ZLWK D
FXUYHG HQG XVHG WR FDWFK VKHHS ,Q WKH 0LGGOH$JHV WKHUH ZDV D JUHDW LQWHUHVW
IRUWKHVHFRPSHWLWLRQVDQGLWIHDWXUHGLQWKHZRUNVRISURPLQHQWWKLQNHUVRIWKH
SHULRG 7KH JUHDW $]HUEDƋDQL SRHW RI WKH WK FHQWXU\ 1L]DPL *DQMDYL ZURWH
DERXW WKH JDPH LQ KLV SRHP “Khosrow and Shirin” %HVLGHV KLP WKH
SRHW .KDJDQL 6KLUYDQL ZURWH DERXW VXFK VSRUWV DV &KRYJDQ  KRUVHEDFN
ULGLQJ DQG FKHVV SOD\LQJ 7KH\ VKRZHG KRZ WKH DQFLHQW 7XUNLF QDWLRQV VSHQW
PRVWRIWKHLUWLPHRQKRUVHEDFN

2 PW. Play a role answering the questions on the text above.

$\VHO:KDWGRHV³&KRYJDQ´PHDQ"
6DPLUBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
$\VHO+RZROGLV³&KRYJDQ´DQGZKHUHLVLWIDPRXV"
6DPLUBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
$\VHO:KDWRWKHUQDWLRQDOVSRUWVDQGJDPHVGR\RXNQRZ"
6DPLUBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
$\VHO:KRZURWHDERXWQDWLRQDOJDPHVLQKLVKHUSRHPVQRYHOV"
6DPLUBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
$\VHO:KDWVSRUWVDQGJDPHVDUH$]HUEDLMDQLSHRSOHJRRGDW"
6DPLUBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

187
 Reading
3 GW/IW. Read and find the main idea in the text. Give your suggestions.

(YHU\RQHZDQWVWRZLQ%XWDQ\WLPHZKHQWZR
WHDPVRUNLGVIDFHHDFKRWKHULQDJDPHRUFRQWHVW
VRPHRQH ORVHV /RVLQJ LV GLVDSSRLQWLQJ VR LW LV QRW
VXUSULVLQJWKDWNLGVGRQRWOLNHLW$GXOWVGRQRWOLNH
LWHLWKHUEXWHYHU\RQHFDQOHDUQWRFRQWUROKRZWKH\
UHDFWWRDORVV,QRWKHUZRUGVZKDWVKRXOG\RXGR
ZKHQ\RXORVH"7KHWULFN\SDUWLVWKDWVRPHWLPHV\RXPLJKWUHDFWEHIRUH\RXHYHQ
UHDOL]HLW)RULQVWDQFHLW¶VWKHODVWJDPHRI\RXU/LWWOH/HDJXHFKDPSLRQVKLSDQG
LQDÀDVKWKHRWKHUWHDPKDVZRQ7KHUHWKH\DUHFHOHEUDWLQJLQWKH¿HOGDQG\RX
EXUVWLQWRWHDUV7KHLPSRUWDQWWKLQJLVZKDW\RXGRQH[W'R\RXVWRUPRYHUWR
WKH RWKHU WHDP DQG DFFXVH WKHP RI FKHDWLQJ" 1R7KH EHVW WKLQJWR GR LV WR WU\
WRFROOHFW\RXUVHOIDQGJHWLQOLQHZLWK\RXUWHDPPDWHVVR\RXFDQFRQJUDWXODWH
WKH RWKHU WHDP 7KLV WUDGLWLRQ LV RQH ZD\ WR WHDFK HYHU\RQH KRZ WR EH D JRRG
VSRUWVPDQ,I\RXIHHOOLNHFU\LQJRU\RXZDQWWRFRPSODLQDERXWWKHJDPH\RXFDQ
GRWKDWDQG\RXFRROGRZQDIWHU\RXKDYHZRQ

REMEMBER!
ƇEHDWGHIHDWVPELQDFRPSHWLWLRQRUHOHFWLRQ
ƇZLQDFKLHYH¿UVWSODFHDQGJDLQDSUL]HLQDFRPSHWLWLRQ
ƇJDLQDFTXLUHVRPHWKLQJJUDGXDOO\
Ƈ<RXFDQZLQDPDWFKFRPSHWLWLRQPHGDORUWURSK\
Ƈ<RXFDQEHDWDQRWKHUWHDPRUSHUVRQ

4 PW/CW. Find out the meaning of the words and expressions and build
up sentences.
disappointing loss burst into tears to cool down to be eager tricky
to realize surprising to have a chance tradition to complain to react

5 IW/PW. Find and match the given words to their definitions.

KDQGEDOO D$ JDPH SOD\HG RQ D ¿HOG  E\ WZR WHDPV RI HOHYHQ SOD\HUV
ZLWKFXUYHGVWLFNVDQGDEDOO
KRFNH\ E$ VSRUW LQ ZKLFK RQH  EDODQFHV KLPVHOIKHUVHOI  RQ D ORQJ
QDUURZERDUGZKLOHEHLQJFDUULHGDORQJE\KHDY\ZDYHV
ER[LQJ
F$VSRUWLQZKLFKWZRSHRSOH¿JKWZLWK¿VWVLQWKLFNJORYHV
VXU¿QJ G$ VSRUW LQ ZKLFK RQH  RU VHYHUDO SHRSOH  PRYH  D ERDW E\
XVLQJRDUV
URZLQJ H$ JDPH SOD\HG E\ WZR  WHDPV  ¿YH SOD\HUV  HDFK ZKR WU\  WR
WKURZDODUJHEDOOLQWRDULQJZLWKDQHWIHHWDERYHWKHJURXQG
IHQFLQJ I$VSRUWLQZKLFKWZRSHRSOH¿JKWZLWKORQJVOHQGHUVZRUGV

188
 Writing
1 GW. Write the names of the sports and games given from the box in
the right columns.
ER[LQJ   JROI    F\FOLQJ   UXJE\  EDVHEDOO ZDWHU SROR  EDVNHWEDOO
YROOH\EDOO  GURXJKWV  ¿HOG KRFNH\  MXGR EDGPLQWRQ  ZUHVWOLQJ  WHQQLV
VZLPPLQJDWKOHWLFVURZLQJ\DFKWLQJGDUWV¿JXUHVNDWLQJNDUDWHFKHVV
PRXQWDLQFOLPELQJGLYLQJVFXEDGLYLQJMRJJLQJVNDWLQJLFHVNDWLQJ

6SRUWV *DPHV
‡ ‡
‡ ‡
‡ ‡
‡ ‡

2 IW. Match the words with their definitions.

DWKHSODFHZKHUHWKH\SOD\WHQQLV DFDSWDLQ
EWKHSHUVRQZKRLVWKHOHDGHURIDWHDP DFRDFK
FWKHSHRSOHZKRZDWFKDJDPH DUHIHUHHMXGJH
GDSHUVRQZKRULGHVDELF\FOH DWUDLQ
HWKHR൶FLDOZKRFRQWUROVWKHJDPHLQVRPHVSRUWV DVSHFWDWRUV
IWKHSHUVRQZKRLVLQFKDUJHRIDWHDP DER[HUSXJLOLVW
JDSHUVRQZKRWDNHVSDUWLQWKHZUHVWOLQJ DZUHVWOHU
KWRWHDFKVPEWKHVNLOOVIRUDSDUWLFXODUDFWLYLW\ DF\FOLVW
LWKHSHUVRQZKRWUDLQVDSHUVRQRUWHDPLQVSRUW DWHQQLVFRXUW
MDSOD\HUZKRVHMRELVWRVWRSWKHEDOOIURPJRLQJLQWRWKH DJRDONHHSHU
WHDP¶VJRDO

3 PW/IW. Find the mistakes and correct them.

)RRWEDOOLVSRSXODULQDOPRVWDOOWKHFRXQWULHVRIWKHZRUOG
6SRUWVIDQVFRPHWRWKHVWDGLXPWROHDUQWKHLUIDYRXULWHSRHPV
3HRSOHZKRSOD\FKHVVDUHFDOOHGFKHVVPHQ
7KHUHIHUHHDFWVDVDJRDONHHSHULQIRRWEDOO
7KHUHLVQRGL൵HUHQFHEHWZHHQWHQQLVDQGWDEOHWHQQLV
7HQQLVLVDJDPHLQZKLFKWZRRUIRXUSOD\HUVVWULNHDWHQQLVEDOOZLWK
UDFNHWVDOORYHUDQHW
7KHUHLVQRGL൵HUHQFHEHWZHHQVRFFHUDQGUXJE\
*ROILVSOD\HGRQLFH¿HOGV
7KHJRDONHHSHUDFWVDVDMXGJHLQIRRWEDOO
4 PW. 1. Imagine and write a dialogue about the favourite sports of two
sports fans. 2. Two friends are talking after a football match; one is
happy-his favourite team has won; the other is sad, as his team
has lost the match.
189
 Writing
5 GW. Read the “Remember“ box and think of the ways of being a good
sportsman and write.
REMEMBER!
7KHZD\VKRZWREHFRPHA Good Sportsman
Ƈ Be polite to everyone you’re playing with and against. No
trash talk - which means saying mean things while you’re in
the middle of a game.
ƇDon’t show o. Just do your best. If you’re good, people will
notice.
Ƈ Tell your opponents “good game” whether you’ve won or
you’ve lost
ƇLearn the rules of the game. Show up for practice and games on time even if you’re
the star of the team.
ƇListen to your coaches and follow their directions about playing.
ƇDon’t argue with an ocial if you don’t agree with his or her call. If you don’t
understand a certain call, wait until after the game to ask your coach
ƇDon’t make up excuses or blame a teammate when you lose.
ƇBe willing to sit out so other team members can get in the game – even if you think
you’re a better player.
ƇPlay fair and don’t cheat
ƇCheer for your teammates even if the score is 100-1!

6 PW. Choose and write the words from the box in the appropriate column.
a skater cycling a swimmer a boxer a court a wrestler
a stadium a footballer tennis swimming a chess player pool
wrestling basketball athletics playground a basketballer rugby racing
a gymnast boxing chess a eld surng a ring gymnastics
a tennis player an athlete a cyclist a goalkeeper a surfer
1DPHRIDSHUVRQZKR 1DPHRIWKHSODFHRI
1DPHRIVSRUWVDJDPH
JRHVLQIRUVSRUWV VSRUWVJ\P
‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡

7 GW. Choose one of the sports and describe it.

:KHUHLWLVSOD\HG:KDWLVWKHDLPRIWKHJDPH
:KDWLWLVSOD\HGZLWK:KDWDUHWKHEDVLFUXOHV

8 IW. Write a paragraph about the role and importance of National Games.

190
 Lesson 3. Olympic Games

What you’ll learn:

‡:KDW2O\PSLF*DPHVWKHUHDUH
‡:KDWWKHKLVWRU\RIWKH2O\PSLF*DPHVLV
‡:KHUHWKHKRPHFRXQWU\RIWKH2O\PSLF*DPHVLV
‡:KDWWKHPDLQJRDORIWKH2O\PSLF*DPHVLV
‡:KRFDQSDUWLFLSDWHLQWKH2O\PSLF*DPHV

Word File
DEROLVK>ԥ‫ޖ‬E‫ܥ‬Oܼ‫(@ݕ‬v) ocially end a law, a system or an institution
DUUDQJH>ԥ‫ޖ‬UHܼQG‫( @ݤ‬v) plan or organize something in advance
FRPSHWH>NԥP‫ޖ‬SL‫ޝ‬W@(v) try hard to get smth wanted by others/be a rival
FRPSHWLWRU>NԥP‫ޖ‬SHWܼWԥ@(n) a person or an organization that competes
against others, especially in business
LQDXJXUDO>ܼ‫ޖ‬Q‫ܳޝܧ‬MԥUԥO@(adj) the rst ocial speech, meeting, etc. that marks
the beginning of something important, for example the time
when a new leader or parliament starts work
PDVVLYH>‫ޖ‬P VܼY@(adj) big and heavy; large and solid
QREOHPDQ>‫ޖ‬Qԥ‫ݜ‬EOPԥQ@(n) a man from a family of high social rank; a member
of the nobility, aristocrat
SROLVK>‫ޖ‬S‫ܥ‬Oܼ‫(@ݕ‬v) rub a surface to make it smooth and shiny, grind
UHQHZ>Uܼ‫ޖ‬QMX‫(@ޝ‬v) begin something again after a pause or an interruption
UHSUHVHQWDWLYH>‫ޙ‬UHSUܼ‫]ޖ‬HQWԥWܼY@(n) a person who has been chosen to speak or
vote for somebody else or on behalf of a group
VKRW>‫ܧݕ‬W@ (n) an attempt, a try
V\PEROL]H>‫ޖ‬VܼPEԥODܼ]@(v) be a symbol of something

1 IW. Choose and write the words with the same vowel sound in the right
column. Pronounce them correctly.
DEROLVKLQDXJXUDOOHDJXHV\PEROL]HFRPSHWHJDPH
UHQHZFRPSHWLWRUFRORQL]HVKRWDUUDQJHSXULW\
>MX‫@ޝ‬ >J@ >N@ >‫@ݕ‬ >ԥ@
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡

191
 Listening/Speaking
2 PW. Listen to the model and define the kind of sport. Speak about them
giving comments.

Model: 7KLV LV -H\UDQ $OL\HYD RQH RI WKH PRVW

VXFFHVVIXO YROOH\EDOO SOD\HUV LQ WKH $]HUEDLMDQL
QDWLRQDOWHDP7KHEHVWFRPSHWLWLRQVWKDWVKHHYHU
DWWHQGHG DUH :RUOG &XS JDPHV :KLOH SOD\LQJ
YROOH\EDOOIDOOLQJRYHUZKHQWU\LQJWRUHDFKVKRWV
LV RQH RI WKH PRVW FKDOOHQJLQJ SDUWV RI KHU VSRUW
³)RU PH WKH PRVW FKDOOHQJLQJ SDUW RI P\ VSRUW LV
WR IDOO RYHU WU\LQJ  WR UHDFK  VKRWV ZKLOH SOD\LQJ
YROOH\EDOO´-H\UDQVD\V

7KLVLV5RYVKDQ%D\UDPRYD(XURSHDQDQGZRUOG
FKDPSLRQ LQ *UHFR5RPDQ ZUHVWOLQJ 0RUHRYHU
KH LV D WZRWLPH 2O\PSLF VLOYHU PHGDOLVW +H KDV
EHHQ D ZRUOG FKDPSLRQ LQ WKH SUHYLRXV ZRUOG
FKDPSLRQVKLSV ,Q DGGLWLRQ %D\UDPRY KROGV WZR
(XURSHDQWLWOHV6LOYHUPHGDOLQ%HLMLQJDQG
/RQGRQ2O\PSLF*DPHV:RUOG&KDPSLRQLQ
,VWDQEXODQGWZRWLPH(XURSHDQ&KDPSLRQ

7KLVLV0DULQD'XUXQGDWKHWZRWLPH$]HUEDLMDQL
5K\WKPLF *\PQDVW &KDPSLRQ 6KH KDV DOVR
FRPSHWHG LQ VHYHUDO :RUOG &XSV FRQ¿GHQWO\ DQG
LV YHU\ KDSS\ ZLWK KHU SHUIRUPDQFH LQ WKH
FRPSHWLWLRQ 6KH IHHOV SURXG WKDW WKH ¿UVW
(XURSHDQ*DPHVZDVKHOGLQKHURZQFRXQWU\

192
 Reading

1 GW. Read the text and “Do You Know?” box paying attention to the
correct intonation. Define the style of the passage.

7KH2O\PSLF*DPHVKDYHDYHU\ORQJKLVWRU\7KH\EHJDQLQ776 %&LQ
*UHHFHDQGWRRNSODFHHYHU\four\HDUVIRUQHDUO\WZHOYHFHQWXULHVDW2O\PSLD
7KH\LQFOXGHGPDQ\GL൵HUHQWNLQGVRIVSRUWVUXQQLQJER[LQJZUHVWOLQJHWF$OO
WKHFLWLHVLQ*UHHFHVHQWWKHLUEHVWDWKOHWHVWR2O\PSLDWRFRPSHWHLQWKH*DPHV
)RUWKHSHULRGRIWKH*DPHVDOOWKHZDUVVWRSSHG6RWKH2O\PSLF*DPHVEHFDPH
WKHV\PERORISHDFHDQGIULHQGVKLS,Q 393$'WKH*DPHVZHUHDEROLVKHGDQG
ZHUHQRWUHQHZHGXQWLOPDQ\FHQWXULHVODWHU
3LHUUHGH&RXEHUWLQD\RXQJ)UHQFKQREOHPDQKDGDQLGHDWREULQJWKH2O\PSLF
*DPHVEDFNWROLIH:LWKWKHKHOSRIWKHSHRSOHZKRVXSSRUWHGKLPKHRUJDQL]HGWKH
¿UVWPRGHUQ2O\PSLF*DPHVLQ1896$QGWKHFRPSHWLWLRQVZHUHKHOGLQ*UHHFH
WRV\PEROL]HWKHFRQWLQXDWLRQRIWKHFHQWXULHVROGWUDGLWLRQ

2 PW. Read the “Remember” box and make an interview.

REMEMBER!

%DNXZDVDZDUGHGWKHULJKWWRKRVWWKH¿UVW(XURSHDQ*DPHVDWWKH
VW(2&*HQHUDO$VVHPEO\LQ5RPHRQ'HFHPEHU

7KH2UJDQLVLQJ&RPPLWWHHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHLQDXJXUDO
(XURSHDQ *DPHV LQ %DNX ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG E\ GHFUHH
RI WKH 3UHVLGHQW RI WKH 5HSXEOLF RI $]HUEDLMDQ 7KH
&RPPLWWHH LV FKDLUHG E\ WKH )LUVW /DG\ RI $]HUEDLMDQ
WKH ¿UVW 9LFH3UHVLGHQW 0HKULEDQ $OL\HYD PHPEHU RI
WKH ([HFXWLYH &RPPLWWHH RI WKH 1DWLRQDO 2O\PSLF
&RPPLWWHH RI WKH 5HSXEOLF RI$]HUEDLMDQ DQG 81(6&2
*RRGZLOO$PEDVVDGRU
7KH(XURSHDQ*DPHVDOVRNQRZQDV%DNXRU%DNX(XURSHDQ
*DPHV ZHUH WKH LQDXJXUDO HGLWLRQ RI WKH (XURSHDQ *DPHV DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO
PXOWLVSRUW HYHQW IRU DWKOHWHV UHSUHVHQWLQJ WKH 1DWLRQDO 2O\PSLF &RPPLWWHHV
12&VRIWKH(XURSHDQ2O\PSLF&RPPLWWHHV,WWRRNSODFHLQ%DNX$]HUEDLMDQ
IURP  WR  -XQH  DQG IHDWXUHG DOPRVW  DWKOHWHV IURP  FRXQWULHV
FRPSHWLQJLQVSRUWV

193
 Reading

3 GW. Read and define the style of the passage and say what the figures
in bold stand for in this task and in task 1, on page 195.

,W¶V WKH FHQWUDO SROLF\  PDNLQJ ERG\

RI WKH 2O\PSLF PRYHPHQW ,W¶V IRUPHG E\
WKH UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV RI DOO FRXQWULHV  ZKLFK
WDNH SDUW LQ  WKH 2O\PSLF *DPHV 7KH
,QWHUQDWLRQDO 2O\PSLF &RPPLWWHH GHFLGHV
XSRQ WKH SURJUDPPH RI WKH JDPHV WKH
QXPEHU RI WKH SDUWLFLSDQWV DQG WKH FLW\ KRVW
IRU WKH *DPHV 2YHU RQH KXQGUHG DQG
¿IW\ FRXQWULHV DUH UHSUHVHQWHG LQ WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 2O\PSLF &RPPLWWHH QRZ
:LQQHUVRIWKH*DPHVDUHKLJKO\SUDLVHGDQGKRQRXUHGIRUWKHLUUHVXOWV%HVLGHV
HDFK FRXQWU\ KDV LWV 1DWLRQDO 2O\PSLF &RPPLWWHH 6XPPHU DQG ZLQWHU *DPHV
DUH KHOG  VHSDUDWHO\ 7KHUH DUH DOZD\V VHYHUDO  FLWLHV ZLVKLQJ WR KRVW WKH *DPHV
7KH PRVW VXLWDEOH LV VHOHFWHG E\ WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RPPLWWHH$IWHU WKDW WKH FLW\
RI WKH *DPHV VWDUWV SUHSDUDWLRQV IRU WKH FRPSHWLWLRQV FRQVWUXFWV QHZ VSRUWV
IDFLOLWLHV VWDGLXPV  KRWHOV SUHVV FHQWUHV 7KRXVDQGV RI DWKOHWHV MRXUQDOLVWV DQG
JXHVWVFRPHWRWKH*DPHVDQGLWWDNHVJUHDWH൵RUWVWRDUUDQJHHYHU\WKLQJ7KHUH
LV DOZD\V DQ LQWHUHVWLQJ FXOWXUDO SURJUDPPH RI FRQFHUWV WKHDWUH SHUIRUPDQFHV
H[KLELWLRQVDQGIHVWLYDOVHWFIRUHDFKJDPH

This is the symbol of Olympic Games and the

Olympic Flame. The Olympic Flag is white
with 5 rings. The rings represent 5 continents.

$V UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV RI DQ LQGHSHQGHQW VWDWH $]HUEDLMDQL VSRUWVPHQ KDYH

SHUIRUPHG DW WKH 2O\PSLFV VLQFH  2XU VSRUWVPHQ  DOZD\V DFKLHYH
VXFFHVVIXO UHVXOWV DQG  EULQJ D ORW RI JROG VLOYHU DQG EURQ]H PHGDOV WR RXU
FRXQWU\

     

4 PW. Answer the questions and give explanation.

:KHQGLGWKH2O\PSLF*DPHVEHJLQ"
:KHUHLVWKHKRPHRIWKH2O\PSLF*DPHV"
:K\GLGWKH2O\PSLF*DPHVEHFRPHWKHV\PERORISHDFHDQGIULHQGVKLS"
:KHQZDVWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO2O\PSLF&RPPLWWHHVHWXS"
:KDWLVWKHIXQFWLRQRIWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO2O\PSLF&RPPLWWHH"
:KHQGLG$]HUEDLMDQMRLQWKH2O\PSLFPRYHPHQW"
:KDW¶VWKHV\PERODQGWKHPDLQJRDORIWKH2O\PSLF*DPHV"
194
 Reading

5 GW/PW. Read the passage and match 1-8 with the a-h.
7KHH[FLWLQJJDPHEHWZHHQWKH'UDJRQVDQGWKH7LJHUVLVRYHU7KH7LJHUV¶IDLOXUH
WRZLQPHDQVWKH\ZRQ¶WSOD\LQWKH¿QDOV7KH'UDJRQVSOD\HGDZRQGHUIXO
JDPHDQGHDUQHGHYHU\RQH¶VDGPLUDWLRQ7KHLUFRPELQDWLRQRIWDFWLFVDQG
VWUHQJWKGH¿QLWHO\KHOSHGWKHPZLQ'XHWRWKHFRQWLQXRXVGHYHORSPHQW
RIQHZVWUDWHJLHVE\WKHLUFRDFKWKLVZLOOEHWKH¿IWK\HDULQDURZWKDWWKH
'UDJRQV ZLOOSOD\LQWKH¿QDO7KHLUSRSXODULW\KDVLQFUHDVHGRYHUWKH\HDUVDQG
WKHUHLVQRGRXEWWKDW+LOOEHOO6WDGLXPZLOOEHFURZGHGZLWKIDQVZKRDUHDV
HQWKXVLDVWLFDVWKHSOD\HUV,IWKH\FRQWLQXHWRSOD\OLNHWRGD\WKH\DUHVXUHWREH
VXFFHVVIXO
a) receive money as payment for your work
b) a contest based on rules
c) a person who trains a person or a team in sport
d) the gradual growth of something
e) achieving your aims or what was intended
f) lack of success in achieving something
g) causing great interest or excitement
h) the equality of being physically strong
6 PW. Answer the questions and use specific reasons and examples to
support your answers looking through the sample:
$JUHH 'LVDJUHH
Games are important for .....

‡*DPHVDUHLPSRUWDQWDWDQ\DJHWROHDUQ
‡*DPHVDUHMXVWIXQ
QHZWKLQJVDQGPDLQWDLQVRFLDOVNLOOV
‡3OD\LQJJDPHVFDQ¶WWHDFK\RX
‡%\FRQFHQWUDWLQJRQWKHWDFWLFVRIDJDPH
DQ\WKLQJ
PHPRUL]LQJPRYHVDQGIROORZLQJ\RXU
‡*DPHVFDQ¶WKHOS\RXNHHS\RXU
RSSRQHQW¶VVWUDWHJLHV\RXFDQNHHS\RXU
PLQGDOHUWRUOHDUQQHZWKLQJV
EUDLQIXQFWLRQLQJDQGJURZLQJ
HLWKHU
‡*DPHVUHTXLUHWKHXVHRIVRFLDOVNLOOV

7 CW/IW. Speak about sports and games looking through the

“Language Box”.
LANGUAGE BOX
As for me ... I think sport is useful but...
I think sport makes us strong. On the one hand it...
Because... On the other hand it...
More than that Besides...
And if you want to know... That’s why
What I think, sport is... I’m just interested in...

195
 Writing

1 PW/IW. Search for more information reading the model. Add your own
ideas about basketball and share.

3OD\HUV  KDYH SOD\HG EDVNHWEDOO LQ WKH 2O\PSLF

*DPHV VLQFH 7RGD\ LW LV SOD\HG  LQ PRUH WKDQ
VHYHQW\¿YHFRXQWULHVLQVFKRROVKLJKVFKRROVFRO
OHJHVDQGXQLYHUVLWLHV,QWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVWKH\VD\LW
DWWUDFWVPRUHVSHFWDWRUVWKDQDQ\RWKHUWHDPJDPH
,QWKHVPDQ\EDVNHWEDOOJDPHVZHUHSOD\HGLQ
EDOOURRPV*XHVWVGDQFHGEHIRUHWKHJDPH2IFRXUVHWKHKLJKO\SROLVKHGÀRRUV
ZHUHKDUGWRSOD\EDVNHWEDOORQEXWPDQ\IDQVZHUHDVLQWHUHVWHGLQWKHGDQFLQJ
DVWKH\ZHUHLQWKHEDOOJDPH

2 GW/PW. Briefly describe any kind of sport and write an essay. Use the
following phrases and connectors to link sentences.
in my opinion I think sport is... I’m interested in... there is nothing
like this as for me such a thing I see nothing exciting in
I can’t agree with you absolutely marvellous I like it immensely

3 IW/PW. Search information and complete the chart.

Host city
Nations participating
Athletes participating
Events
Opening ceremony
Closing ceremony
Ocially opened by
Torch lighters 
Main venue
Website
The 2015 European Games, also known as Baku 2015 or
Baku 2015 European

4 IW. Choose and write an essay 1)”Sport is one of the most popular free
time activities of the young and the old all over the world.”
2) The role and importance of National Games.
196
 Assessment
1 Listen to the tips about running in a marathon and answer the
questions. Then define the meaning of words in bold 1-9 with a-i.
‡ Which ones give you advice for/before the race?
• Which ones give you advice for/during the race?
0DUDWKRQ7LSV
You’ve done your training-now you have to run
the (1) race. Here are our top ten tips to help you
succeed in any big city marathon.
%HGHWHUPLQHGWR¿QLVK<RXUPLQGQHHGV
WR EH DV VWURQJ DV \RXU ERG\ 'RQ¶W JLYH XS
XQOHVV\RXKDYHDQLQMXU\
&KHFNDOO\RXUJHDUFDUHIXOO\WKUHHRUIRXU
GD\V EHIRUH WKH UDFH 7KHQ \RX¶OO NQRZ \RX
KDYHQ¶WIRUJRWWHQDQ\WKLQJ'RQ¶WZHDUDQ\QHZJHDUHVSHFLDOO\VKRHV
+DYHDJHQWOHUXQWKHGD\EHIRUHWKHELJUDFH7ZRRUWKUHHPLOHVZLOOQRWD൵HFW
\RXUHQHUJ\UHVHUYHVDQGLWZLOOUHOLHYHDQ\SUHUDFHQHUYHV\RXPD\EHIHHOLQJ
5HVLVWWKHWHPSWDWLRQWRVSHQGWKHZKROHGD\EHIRUHWKHUDFHVLJKWVHHLQJRU
VKRSSLQJ,W¶VHDV\WRGRWKDWDWWKHELJFLW\PDUDWKRQVOLNH/RQGRQRU1HZ<RUN
HVSHFLDOO\LI\RXJRZLWKDSDUWQHU7DNHLWHDV\WKHGD\EHIRUH
+DYHDVKRZHUWKHPRUQLQJRIWKHPDUDWKRQ7KLVUHPRYHVERG\RLOVDQGKHOSV
WKHERG\VWD\FRROZKLFKLVLPSRUWDQWWRSUHYHQWGHK\GUDWLRQ
6SOLWWKHUDFHLQWR³FKXQNV´LQ\RXUPLQG&RQFHQWUDWHRQHDFK¿YHPLOHRU
¿YHNLORPHWUHVHFWLRQVRWKDW\RXIHHO\RXDUHPDNLQJSURJUHVV,QVWHDGRIUXQQLQJ
PLOHV\RXMXVWKDYHWRUXQ¿YHPLOHV¿YHWLPHV
5XQDWDVWHDG\SDFHWKDW\RXNQRZ\RXFDQPDLQWDLQ'RQ¶WJHWWRRH[FLWHG
DWWKHVWDUWLI\RXVHWR൵WRRIDVW\RX¶OOVX൵HUODWHU
 (DW D ODUJH EDODQFHG GLQQHU LQ SUHSDUDWLRQ IRU WKH UDFH 7KLV FRXOG LQFOXGH
SURWHLQFDUERK\GUDWHDQGVRPHIDW$QLFHGHVVHUWZRXOGEH¿QH1RDOFRKRO
'RQ¶WGULQNWRRPXFKGXULQJWKHUDFH<RXVKRXOGVLSZDWHUDWHYHU\VWRSEXW
QRWWRRPXFK1HYHUWU\JOXFRVHVXSSOHPHQWVLI\RXKDYHQ¶WXVHGWKHPEHIRUH
LQWUDLQLQJ
3ODQKRZWRJHWWRWKHVWDUWRIWKHUDFHFDUHIXOO\DQGDUULYHDWOHDVWKDOIDQKRXU
EHIRUHVR\RXKDYHWLPHWRZDUPXSSURSHUO\
a) competition between people, vehicles, etc to see which one is faster or the fastest
b) keep/keep up/carry on/support/declare to be true
c) to decide denetely to do smth
d) the equipment or clothing needed for a particular activity
e) remove or reduce an unpleasant feeling or pain
f) the desire to do or have smth that you know is bad or wrong
g) to drink smth, taking a very small amount each time
h) a thick solid piece that has been cut or broken o smth
i) a thing that is added to smth else to improve or complete it.

197
 Student Portfolio. Revise and Check Around Unit 6.

1 Complete the table.

,QWKH¿HOGRI :KDW,OHDUQHG +RZ,¶OOLPSOHPHQW

Listening
Speaking
Reading
Writing
Logical Thinking
Critical Thinking
Grammar Section
Other things

2 Search and write about the winners of different games, especially

Islamic Games held in Azerbaijan and the great success of our sportsmen.

3 Read and give comments on the passage.

)UHGHULFN /RHU] IURP 1HZ <RUN ZRQ WKH PDUDWKRQ DW WKH 6W /RXLV
2O\PSLF*DPHVLQ+H¿QLVKHGWKHUDFHLQWKUHHKRXUVPLQXWHV
$IWHUWKHUDFH)UHGZDVZDLWLQJWRJHWKLVPHGDODQGWKHVSHFWDWRUVZHUH
FKHHULQJ KLP ORXGO\$OLFH 5RRVHYHOW WKH GDXJKWHU RI WKH 86 3UHVLGHQW
ZDVLQWKHFURZGDQGVRPHMRXUQDOLVWVWRRNDSKRWRRI)UHGZLWKKHU%XW
WKHQVXGGHQO\VRPHERG\VWDUWHGVKRXWLQJ³FKHDW´DQGVRRQHYHU\ERG\ZDV
VKRXWLQJWKHVDPHWKLQJ,WZDVWUXH)UHGKDGWUDYHOOHGRIWKHNLORPH
WUHVLQDIULHQG¶VFDU)UHGGLGQ¶WZLQWKHJROGPHGDODQGKHZDVEDQQHG
IURPDWKOHWLFV

4 Read the following statements and write about yourself.

Ƈ sport activities at your school or sports club

Ƈ general rules of any sport/game
Ƈ the gym you train in
Ƈ the most important sports events in your school
Ƈ sport clubs during the last spring/ summer

198
4 Make a postcard to your friend describing the recent sports match,
competition or game you’ve watched. Mention where and when it took
place, what sort of match or game it was, who won, and if you enjoyed it.

5 Find True/False statements.

5XJE\IRRWEDOOKDVH[LVWHGLQ%ULWDLQVLQFHWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHWKFHQWXU\
7KHJDPHVRIJROIDQGWHQQLVDUHSOD\HGE\JUHDWQXPEHUVRISHRSOH
%DVHEDOOLVDQDWLRQDOJDPHRIWKH86$
*ROILVSOD\HGLQWKHFRXQWU\VLGH
7KHUHDUHWZRWHDPVRIHOHYHQSOD\HUVLQWKHJDPHRIEDVHEDOO
5XJE\IRRWEDOOLVSOD\HGZLWKDQHJJVKDSHGEDOOZKLFKPD\EHFDUULHGDQG
WKURZQ
%DVHEDOOZDVVHULRXVO\DFFHSWHGRQO\LQWKH&RPPRQZHDOWKSDUWLFXODUO\LQ
$XVWUDOLD,QGLDDQG3DNLVWDQ
7HQQLVKDVH[LVWHGLQ%ULWDLQVLQFHWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHWKFHQWXU\
7KHZRUOGIRRWEDOOPDWFKHVDUHKHOGDW:LPEOHGRQLQ/RQGRQGXULQJ-XQH

6 Find the unscrambled words.

JHGXM UHKFSLW
EDIROORW SLRQPDFKSLVK
UH\DSO HXJDHO
OLF\FVW QHWVLQ
PLQJLZVP NH\FRK
WRUDWFHSV QRWPLQEDG

7 Read the text and comment on it. Then search for more information
about today’s sports and games and discuss it.

+DQJ JOLGLQJ OLNH ZLQGVXU¿QJ FRPHV IURP $PHULFD

7KH SHUVRQ ZKR WKRXJKW RI WKLV VSRUW )UDQFLV
5RJDOOR JRW WKH LGHD ZKHQ KH ZDV ZDWFKLQJ VSDFH
FDSVXOHV KDG D VRUW RI ZLQJ ZKLFK KHOSHG WKHP WR
JR PRUH VORZO\ XQWLO WKH\ UHDFKHG WKH VHD %XW WKLV
LGHDLVQ¶WDV\RXPLJKWWKLQNLQWKH¿IWHHQWKFHQWXU\/HRQDUGRGD9LQFKLGUHZ
SLFWXUHV RI D KDQJ JOLGHU LW ZDV D VRUW RI NLWH ZKLFK FRXOG FDUU\ D SHUVRQ7KH
PRGHUQKDQJJOLGHUFDQJRZLWKWKHZLQGRUDJDLQVWLWDQGWKHSLORWFDQFKDQJH
GLUHFWLRQE\PRYLQJWKHFRQWUROEDU+DQJJOLGHUVULVHDQGIDOOZLWKWKHPRYHPHQWV
LQWKHDLUQHDUKLOOVIRUH[DPSOHWKH\XVXDOO\JRXS$OORYHUWKHZRUOGWKHVHJLDQW
EXWWHUÀLHVDUHEHFRPLQJPRUHDQGPRUHSRSXODUDVSHRSOHGLVFRYHUWKHIXQRIÀ\LQJ
(From “Modern English International” Mozaika)
‡What do you know of the kinds of sport which has recently appeared?
‡Describe them and say what attracts people in them.

199
 VOCABULARY

Aa
DEOHERGLHG>‫ޙ‬HܼEO‫ޖ‬E‫ܥ‬GLG@(adj) SK\VLFDOO\KHDOWK\¿WVWURQJLQFRQWUDVWWRVRPHERG\ZKR
LVZHDNRUGLVDEOHG
DEROLVK>ԥ‫ޖ‬E‫ܥ‬Oܼ‫( @ݕ‬v)R൶
FLDOO\HQGDODZDV\VWHPRUDQLQVWLWXWLRQ
DEVRUE>ԥE‫ޝܧ]ޖ‬E@(v)WDNHLQDOLTXLGJDVRURWKHUVXEVWDQFHIURPWKHVXUIDFHRUVSDFHDURXQG
DFFHVV>‫ޖ‬ NVHV@(n)DZD\RIHQWHULQJRUUHDFKLQJDSODFH
DFFRPSOLVKPHQW>ԥ‫ޖ‬N‫ݞ‬PSOܼ‫ݕ‬PԥQW@(n)DQLPSUHVVLYHWKLQJWKDWLVGRQHDIWHUDORWRIZRUN
DGPLVVLRQ>ԥG‫ޖ‬Pܼ‫ݕ‬Q@(n)WKHDFWRIDFFHSWLQJVRPHERG\LQWRDQLQVWLWXWLRQRUJDQL]DWLRQHWF
WKHULJKWWRHQWHUDSODFHRUWRMRLQDQLQVWLWXWLRQRURUJDQL]DWLRQ
DGRUH>ԥ‫ޖ‬G‫ޝܧ‬U@(v) admire, to love somebody madly/very much
DOWHU>‫ޝܧޖ‬OWԥ@(v)PDNHGL൵HUHQWFKDQJHYDU\
DPDWHXU>‫ޖ‬ PԥWԥ@(n)DSHUVRQZKRGRHVVPWKIRUSOHDVXUHQRWIRUPRQH\RUDVDSURIHVVLRQ
DPSXWDWH>‫ޖ‬ PSMXWHܼW@(v)FXWR൵VPE¶VDUPOHJRU¿QJHULQDPHGLFDORSHUDWLRQ
DQQXDO>‫ޖ‬ QMXԥO@ (adj)RQFHD\HDUVPWKWKDWDSSHDUV\HDUO\RUODVWVIRUD\HDU
DQWKHP>‫ޖ‬ QșԥP@(n)DVRQJWKDWKDVDVSHFLDOLPSRUWDQFHIRUDFRXQWU\DQRUJDQL]DWLRQRU
DSDUWLFXODUJURXSRISHRSOHDQGLVVXQJRQVSHFLDORFFDVLRQV
DTXLIHU>‫ޖ‬ NZܼIԥU@ (n)DOD\HURIURFNRUVRLOWKDWFDQDEVRUEDQGKROGZDWHU
DUUDQJH>ԥ‫ޖ‬UHܼQG‫(@ݤ‬v)SODQRURUJDQL]HVRPHWKLQJLQDGYDQFH
DYDLODEOH>ԥ‫ޖ‬YHܼOԥEO@(adj)WKDW\RXFDQJHWEX\RU¿QG

Bb
EHDVXFFHVV>ELԥV‫ݞ‬N‫ޖ‬VHV@EHKDYHIDYRUDEOHRXWFRPHEHVXFFHVVIXOJHWVXFFHVVIXOUHVXOW
EHEDVHGRQ>ELEHܼVW@EHJURXQGHGEHVXEVWDQWLDWHG
EHPDGDERXW>ELP Gԥ‫ޖ‬E‫ܤ‬XW@EHFUD]\GRWW\
EHJ>EHܳ@ (v)DVNVPEYHU\VWURQJO\RUDQ[LRXVO\IRUVPWK
EORFNEXVWHU>‫ޖ‬EO‫ܥ‬NE‫ݞ‬VWԥ@(n)VPWKYHU\VXFFHVVIXOHVSHFLDOO\DYHU\VXFFHVVIXOERRNRU¿OP
ERUGHURQ>E‫ܧ‬Gԥ@(v) WRVKDUHDERUGHUZLWKDQRWKHUFRXQWU\RUDUHD  
ERUHGRP>‫ޖ‬E‫ޝܧ‬GԥP@(n)WKHVWDWHRIIHHOLQJERUHGWKHTXDOLW\RIEHLQJYHU\ERULQJ
ERXQGHG>ED‫ݜ‬QGܼG@(v)FHUWDLQRUOLNHO\WRKDSSHQRUWRGRRUEHVRPHWKLQJ
EUHHG>EUL‫ޝ‬G@(n)DVWRFNRIDQLPDOVRUSODQWVZLWKLQDVSHFLHVKDYLQJDGLVWLQFWLYHDSSHDUDQFH
DQGW\SLFDOO\KDYLQJEHHQGHYHORSHGE\GHOLEHUDWHVHOHFWLRQV\QYDULHW\VWRFNW\SHNLQG
EULQJVPEXS>‫ޖ‬EUܼƾ‫ݞ‬S@(v)FDUHIRUWHDFKLQJKLPKHUKRZWREHKDYHHWF

Cc
FDOP>N‫ޝܤ‬P@(adj)QRWH[FLWHGQHUYRXVRUXSVHW
FDSDFLW\>Nԥ‫ޖ‬S VԥWL@FRQWDLQHUYROXPHSRZHU
FDUERQIRRWSULQWVFDUERQLFWUDFNVPDUNVWUDFHVVLJQV
FDUU\RQ>‫ޖ‬N UL‫ܥ‬Q@(v) FRQWLQXHFRQGXFWDFWXS
FKDQJH > W‫ݕ‬HܼQG‫( @ ݤ‬n) PRQH\ WKDW \RX JHW EDFN ZKHQ \RX KDYH SDLG IRU VPWK JLYLQJ PRUH
PRQH\WKDQWKHDPRXQWLWFRVWV
FKDUDFWHUL]H>‫ޖ‬N UԥNWԥUDܼ]@ (v) GHVFULEHWKHGLVWLQFWLYHQDWXUHRUIHDWXUHVRIVPWKEHW\SLFDO
RIDSHUVRQSODFHRUWKLQJJLYHLWVW\SLFDOTXDOLWLHVRUIHDWXUHV\QGLVWLQJXLVKPDUN
FKHDW>W‫ݕ‬L‫ޝ‬W@(v)WULFNRUGHFHLYHVPEHVSHFLDOO\ZKHQWKH\WUXVW\RX
FKURQLF>‫ޖ‬NU‫ܥ‬QܼN@(adj)ORQJODVWLQJ
FOHDU>NOܼԥU@(adj)HDV\WRXQGHUVWDQGDQGQRWFDXVLQJDQ\FRQIXVLRQ
200
FRDFK>Nԥ‫ݜ‬W‫(@ݕ‬n)DSHUVRQZKRWUDLQVDSHUVRQRUWHDPLQVSRUW
FROODWHUDO>Nԥ‫ޖ‬O WԥUԥO@(n)SURSHUW\RUYDOXDEOHLWHPWKDWFDQEHFODLPHGE\EDQNDVORDQ
FRPPHUFLDO>Nԥ‫ޖ‬P‫ݕޝܮ‬O@(adj)VROGLQWKHPDUNHWSODFH
FRPPLW>Nԥ‫ޖ‬PܼW@ (v)WRJLYHDQRSLQLRQRUPDNHDGHFLVLRQRSHQO\
FRPSHQVDWH>N PSԥQ‫ޙ‬VHܼW@SD\UHLPEXUVH
FRPSHWH>NԥP‫ޖ‬SL‫ޝ‬W@(v) WU\KDUGWRJHWVPWKZDQWHGE\RWKHUVEHDULYDO
FRPSHWLWRU>NԥP‫ޖ‬SHWܼWԥ@(n) DSHUVRQRUDQRUJDQL]DWLRQWKDWFRPSHWHVDJDLQVWRWKHUV
FRQFHUQHG>NԥQ‫ޖ‬V‫ޝܮ‬QG@(adj) DERXWIRUVPWKZRUULHGDQGIHHOLQJDQ[LRXVDERXWVPWK
RSSXQFRQFHUQHG
FRQGHQVH>NԥQ‫ޖ‬GHQV@(v) thicken, deepen, devoparate
FRQVHUYDWLRQ>‫ޙ‬N‫ܥ‬QVԥ‫ޖ‬YHܼ‫ݕ‬Q@ (n)WKHSURWHFWLRQRIWKHQDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQW
FRQVFLHQFH>‫ޖ‬N‫ܥ‬Q‫ݕ‬ԥQV@ (n)WKHIDFWRIEHKDYLQJLQDZD\WKDW\RXIHHOLVULJKWHYHQWKRXJKWKLV
PD\FDXVHSUREOHPVEHOLHYLQJ\RXUDFWLRQVWREHIDLUsyn:KRQHVW\LQQHUYRLFH
FRQWDPLQDWH>NԥQ‫ޖ‬W PܼQHܼW@(v)PDNHDVXEVWDQFHRUSODFHGLUW\RUQRORQJHUSXUHE\DGGLQJ
DVXEVWDQFHWKDWLVGDQJHURXVRUFDUULHVGLVHDVHLQIHFWSROOXWHPDNHGLUW\
FUXFLDO>‫ޖ‬NUX‫ݕޝ‬O@ (adj) H[WUHPHO\LPSRUWDQWEHFDXVHLWZLOOD൵HFWRWKHUWKLQJVGHVDOLQL]DWLRQ
FUXVK>NU‫(@ݕݞ‬v)SUHVVRUVTXHH]HVRPHWKLQJVRKDUGWKDWLWLVGDPDJHGRULQMXUHGRUORVHVLWVVKDSH
F\FOLVW>‫ޖ‬VDܼNOLVW@(n)DSHUVRQZKRULGHVDELF\FOH

Dd
GDPDJH>‫ޖ‬G PܼG‫(@ݤ‬n/v)SK\VLFDOKDUPFDXVHGWRVRPHWKLQJZKLFKPDNHVLWOHVVDWWUDFWLYH
XVHIXORUYDOXDEOH
GHDOZLWKVPE>‫ޖ‬GLOZܼè@ (v)WDNHDSSURSULDWHDFWLRQLQDSDUWLFXODUVLWXDWLRQRUDFFRUGLQJWR
ZKRP\RXDUHWDONLQJWRPDQDJLQJHWFV\QKDQGOH
GHFDGH>‫ޖ‬GHNHܼG@(n)WHQ\HDUVDSHULRGRIWHQ\HDUV
GHFOLQH>Gܼ‫ޖ‬NODܼQ@(v) lower, fall, collapse
GHFLVLYH>Gܼ‫ޖ‬VDܼVܼY@(adj)YHU\LPSRUWDQWIRUWKH¿QDOUHVXOWSDUWLFXODUVLWXDWLRQRSSLQGHFLVLYH
GHGLFDWH>‫ޖ‬GHGܼNHܼW@(v)\RXUVHOIVPWKWRVPWKWRGRLQJVPWKWRJLYHDORWRI\RXUWLPHDQG
H൵RUWWRDSDUWLFXODUDFWLYLW\RUSXUSRVH
GHIRUHVWDWLRQ>‫ޙ‬GL‫ޙޝ‬I‫ܥ‬Uܼ‫ޖ‬VWHܼ‫ݕ‬Q@(n)WKHDFWRIFXWWLQJGRZQRUEXUQLQJWKHWUHHVLQDQDUHD
GHPDQG>Gܼ‫ޖ‬P‫ޝܤ‬QG@(n)DYHU\¿UPUHTXHVWIRUVRPHWKLQJVRPHWKLQJWKDWVRPHERG\QHHGV
GHQ\>Gܼ‫ޖ‬QDܼ@ (v) VWDWHWKDWRQHUHIXVHVWRDGPLWWKHWUXWKRUH[LVWHQFHRI
UHIXVHWRJLYHsyn:GHFOLQHUHMHFW
GHSOHWH>Gܼ‫ޖ‬SOL‫ޝ‬W@(v)UHGXFHVRPHWKLQJE\DODUJHDPRXQWVRWKDWWKHUHLVQRWHQRXJKOHIW
GHULYH>Gܼ‫ޖ‬UDܼY@(v)JHWVPWKIURPVPWK
GHVFHQGDQW>Gܼ‫ޖ‬VHQGԥQW@(n)DPHPEHURIDWULEHRUDFODQFKLOGVRQ
GHVFULSWLYH>Gܼ‫ޖ‬VNUܼSWܼY@(adj)VD\LQJZKDWVRPHERG\VRPHWKLQJLVOLNHGHVFULELQJVRPHWKLQJ
GHVDOLQLWLRQ>‫ޙ‬GL‫ޙޝ‬V Oܼ‫ޖ‬Qܼ‫ݕ‬Q@(n) demineralizing, demineralization
GHVWLQDWLRQ>‫ޙ‬GHVWܼ‫ޖ‬QHܼ‫ݕ‬Q@(n)DSODFHWRZKLFKVRPHERG\VRPHWKLQJLVJRLQJRUEHLQJVHQW
GHVWUXFWLRQ>Gܼ‫ޖ‬VWU‫ݞ‬N‫ݕ‬Q@(n)WKHDFWRIGHVWUR\LQJVRPHWKLQJWKHSURFHVVRIEHLQJGHVWUR\HG
GHVWUXFWLYH>Gܼ‫ޖ‬VWU‫ݞ‬NWܼY@(adj)FDXVLQJGHVWUXFWLRQRUGDPDJH
GHWHUPLQH>Gܼ‫ޖ‬W‫ޝܮ‬PܼQ@(v)GHFLGHGH¿QLWHO\WRGRVPWK
GHYHORSHG>Gܼ‫ޖ‬YHOԥSW@(adj)HFRQRPLFDOO\VWURQJ
GLVDSSRLQWHG>GܼVԥ‫ޖ‬S‫ܼܧ‬QWܼG@(adj)XSVHWEHFDXVHVPWK\RXKRSHGIRUKDVQRWKDSSHQHGRUKDV
QRWEHHQDVJRRGVXFFHVVIXOHWFDV\RXH[SHFWHG
GLVDVWHU>Gܼ‫ޝܤ]ޖ‬VWԥ@ (n) DQHYHQWWKDWFDXVHVPXFKVX൵HULQJRUORVVDJUHDWPLVIRUWXQH
GLVEXUVH>GܼV‫ޖ‬E‫ޝܮ‬V@(v)SD\RXWPRQH\HVSHFLDOO\IURPDIXQGFROOHFWHGIRUDSXUSRVH
GLVUXSW>GܼV‫ޖ‬U‫ݞ‬SW@(v)PDNHLWGL൶ FXOWIRUVRPHWKLQJWRFRQWLQXHLQWKHQRUPDOZD\IUHTXHQF\
GLVWLQFWLRQ>Gܼ‫ޖ‬VWܼƾN‫ݕ‬Q@(n) DFOHDUGL൵HUHQFHRUFRQWUDVWHVSHFLDOO\EHWZHHQSHRSOHRUWKLQJV
201
WKDWDUHVLPLODURUUHODWHG
GRXEWIXO>‫ޖ‬GD‫ݜ‬WÀ@(adj)QRWVXUHXQFHUWDLQDQGIHHOLQJGRXEW
GUHDGIXO>GUHGIXO@(adj) YHU\EDGRUXQSOHDVDQW
GXUDEOH>‫ޖ‬GM‫ݜ‬ԥUԥEO@ (adj) OLNHO\WRODVWIRUDORQJWLPHZLWKRXWEUHDNLQJRUJHWWLQJZHDNHU
G\QDVW\>‫ޖ‬GܼQԥVWL@(n)DVHULHVRIUXOHUVRIDFRXQWU\ZKRDOOEHORQJWRWKHVDPHIDPLO\

Ee
H൵HFW>ܼ‫ޖ‬IHNW@(n)DFKDQJHWKDWVRPHERG\VRPHWKLQJFDXVHVLQVEVPWKHOVHDUHVXOW
HPEDVV\>‫ޖ‬HPEԥVL@(n)DJURXSRIR൶ FLDOVOHGE\DQDPEDVVDGRUZKRUHSUHVHQWWKHLU
JRYHUQPHQWLQDIRUHLJQFRXQWU\
HPLVVLRQ>L‫ޖ‬Pܼ‫ݕ‬Q@(n)WKHSURGXFWLRQRUVHQGLQJRXWRIOLJKWKHDWJDVHWF
HPSRZHUPHQW>ܼP‫ޖ‬SD‫ݜ‬ԥPԥQW@(n) DXWKRUL]DWLRQ
HQVXUH>ܼQ‫ݜݕޖ‬ԥ@(v)PDNHVXUHWKDWVRPHWKLQJKDSSHQVRULVGH¿QLWH
HVVHQWLDO>ܼ‫ޖ‬VHQ‫ݕ‬O@(adj)QHFHVVDU\YHU\LPSRUWDQW
HWHUQDO>ܼ‫ޖ‬W‫ޝܮ‬QO@(adj)ZLWKRXWDQHQGH[LVWLQJRUFRQWLQXLQJIRUHYHU
HYDSRUDWH>ܼ‫ޖ‬Y SԥUHܼW@(v) vanish into the air, steam
HYHUODVWLQJ>‫ޙ‬HYԥ‫ޖ‬O‫ޝܤ‬VWܼƾ@(adj)FRQWLQXLQJIRUHYHUQHYHUFKDQJLQJ
H[FHHG>ܼN‫ޖ‬VL‫ޝ‬G@(v) go beyond the limit, overstep
H[HFXWLYH>ܼܳ‫]ޖ‬HNMԥWܼY@(n/adj)DSHUVRQZKRKDVDQLPSRUWDQWMREDVDPDQDJHURIDFRPSDQ\
H[SDQG>ܼN‫ޖ‬VS QG@(v)EHFRPHJUHDWHULQVL]HQXPEHURILPSRUWDQFHH[LVWHQFH
syn:DXWKRUGHVLJQHUPDNHUSURGXFHURULJLQDWRU
H[SRVLWRU\>ܼN‫ޖ‬VS‫]ܥ‬ԥWUL@(adj)LQWHQGHGWRH[SODLQRUGHVFULEHVRPHWKLQJV\QH[SODQDWRU\
GHVFULSWLYHGHVFULELQJH[SOLFDWLYHLQWHUSUHWDWLYH
H[WLQFWLRQ>ܼNV‫ޖ‬WܼƾN‫ݕ‬ԥQ@DEROLVKPHQWUHSHDOGLVFRQWLQXDQFH

Ff
IDEXORXV>‫ޖ‬I EMԥOԥV@(adj) H[WUHPHO\JRRG
IDQF\>‫ޖ‬I QVL@(v) ZDQWVRPHWKLQJRUZDQWWRGRVRPHWKLQJ
IHDU>Iܼԥ@(n) WKHEDGIHHOLQJWKDW\RXKDYHZKHQ\RXDUHLQGDQJHU
IHDWXUH>‫ޝ¿ޖ‬W‫ݕ‬ԥ@(n)VRPHWKLQJLPSRUWDQWLQWHUHVWLQJRUW\SLFDORIDSODFHRUWKLQJ
¿FWLRQDO>‫ޖ‬IܼN‫ݕ‬ԥQԥO@(adj)QRWUHDORUWUXHH[LVWLQJRQO\LQVWRULHV
¿QLWH>‫ޖ‬IDܼQDܼW@(adj)KDYLQJDGH¿QLWHOLPLWRU¿[HGVL]H
¿UHZRUN>‫ޖ‬IDܼԥZ‫ޝܮ‬N@(n)DVPDOOGHYLFHFRQWDLQLQJSRZGHUWKDWEXUQVRUH[SORGHVDQGSURGXF
HVEULJKWFRORXUHGOLJKWVDQGORXGQRLVHVXVHGHVSHFLDOO\DWFHOHEUDWLRQV
¿[>IܼNV@ (v) SXWVRPHWKLQJ¿UPO\LQDSODFHVRWKDWLWZLOOQRWPRYHIDVWHQVRPHWKLQJ
VHFXUHO\
IRVVLO>‫ޖ‬I‫ܥ‬VO@(n) WKHUHPDLQVRIDQDQLPDORUDSODQWZKLFKKDYHEHFRPHKDUGDQGWXUQHGLQWRURFN
IUDPHZRUN>‫ޖ‬IUHܼPZ‫ޝܮ‬N@ (n)DQHVVHQWLDOVXSSRUWLQJVWUXFWXUHRIDEXLOGLQJYHKLFOHRUREMHFW
WKHSDUWVRIDEXLOGLQJRUDQREMHFWWKDWVXSSRUWLWVZHLJKWDQGJLYHLWVKDSH
syn:LQIUDVWUXFWXUHVWUXFWXUHVNHOHWRQ
IUDQWLF>‫ޖ‬IU QWܼN@(adj)YHU\ZRUULHG
IUHTXHQW>‫ޖ‬IUL‫ޝ‬NZԥQW@(adj)KDSSHQLQJRUGRLQJVRPHWKLQJRIWHQ
IXHO>‫ޖ‬IMX‫ޝ‬ԥO@(n) DQ\PDWHULDOWKDWSURGXFHVKHDWRUSRZHUXVXDOO\ZKHQLWLVEXUQW
IXVV>I‫ݞ‬V@(n)XQQHFHVVDU\H[FLWHPHQWZRUU\RUDFWLYLW\

Gg
JHVWXUH>‫ޖ‬G‫ݤ‬HVW‫ݕ‬ԥ@(n)DPRYHPHQWRISDUWRIWKHERG\HVSHFLDOO\DKDQGRUWKHKHDGWRH[SUHVV
DQLGHDRUPHDQLQJsyn:VLJQDOVLJQPRWLRQLQGLFDWLRQVKRZ
202
JHWLQWRWURXEOH>‫ޖ‬JHWܼQWԥWU‫ݞ‬EO@(v)PHHWGL൶
FXOWLHVKDYHDPLVIRUWXQHFRPHWRJULHI
JODFLHU>‫ܳޖ‬O VLԥ@(n)DODUJHPDVVRILFHIRUPHGE\VQRZRQPRXQWDLQVWKDWPRYHVYHU\
VORZO\GRZQDYDOOH\
JRYHUQRU>‫ݞܳޖ‬YԥQԥ@(n)DSHUVRQZKRLVWKHR൶ FLDOKHDGRIDFRXQWU\RUUHJLRQWKDWLVSROLWL
FDOO\FRQWUROOHGE\DQRWKHUFRXQWU\
JUDFHIXO>‫ܳޖ‬UHܼVIXO@(adj)PRYLQJLQDFRQWUROOHGDWWUDFWLYHIRUPRSSJUDFHOHVV
JUDGXDOO\>‫ܳޖ‬U G‫ݤ‬XԥOL@(adv)LQDJUDGXDOZD\V\QVORZO\VORZO\EXWVXUHO\OLWWOHE\OLWWOH
J\PQDVW>‫ޖ‬G‫ܼݤ‬PQ VW@(n)DSHUVRQZKRSHUIRUPVJ\PQDVWLFV

Hh
KDOW>K‫ޝܧ‬OW@(v)VWRSPDNHVRPHERG\RUVRPHWKLQJVWRS
KDQGLFDSSHG>‫ޖ‬K QGLN SW@(adj)VX൵HULQJIURPDPHQWDORUSK\VLFDO
KD]DUG>‫ޖ‬K ]ԥG@(n/v)DWKLQJWKDWFDQEHGDQJHURXVRUFDXVHGDPDJHsyn:GDQJHUULVNWKUHDW
KRQRXU>‫ܥޖ‬QԥU@(v)VKRZUHVSHFW
KRUQEHDP>‫ޖ‬K‫ޝܧ‬QEL‫ޝ‬P@(n)DWUHHZLWKVPRRWKJUH\EDUNDQGKDUGZRRG
KRUVHEDFN>‫ޖ‬K‫ޝܧ‬VE N@(n) ZKLOHVLWWLQJRQDKRUVH
KRXVHNHHSHU>‫ޖ‬KD‫ݜ‬VNL‫ޝ‬Sԥ@(n)ZRPDQHPSOR\HHLQFKDUJHRIDKRXVH
KXPRURXV>‫ޖ‬KMX‫ޝ‬PԥUԥV@(adj)funny and entertaining; showing a sense of humour

Ii
LJQRUDQW>‫ܼܳޖ‬QԥUԥQW@(adj) ODFNLQJNQRZOHGJHRUDZDUHQHVVLQJHQHUDOXQHGXFDWHGRU
XQVRSKLVWLFDWHGsynXQNQRZOHGJHDEOHXQWDXJKWXQVFKRROHGXQWXWRUHG
LJQRUH>ܼܳ‫ޖ‬Q‫ޝܧ‬U@(v)SD\QRDWWHQWLRQWRGLVUHJDUGLQJLJQRUDQFH
LPDJLQDWLYH>ܼ‫ޖ‬P G‫ܼݤ‬QԥWܼY@(adj)KDYLQJRUVKRZLQJQHZDQGH[FLWLQJLGHDV
LPPHGLDWHO\>ܼ‫ޖ‬PL‫ޝ‬GLԥWOL@(adv) ZLWKRXWGHOD\DWRQFH
LPSDFW>‫ܼޖ‬PS NW@(n) WKHSRZHUIXOH൵HFWWKDWVRPHWKLQJKDVRQVRPHERG\VRPHWKLQJ
LPSHUWLQHQW >ܼP‫ޖ‬S‫ޝܮ‬WܼQԥQW@ (adj)  QRW VKRZLQJ SURSHU UHVSHFW VKDPHOHVV FKHHN\ UXGH
LPSROLWHQRWSHUWLQHQWWRDSDUWLFXODUPDWWHULUUHOHYDQW
LQDXJXUDO>ܼ‫ޖ‬Q‫ܳޝܧ‬MԥUԥO@(adj)WKH¿UVWR൶ FLDOVSHHFKPHHWLQJHWFWKDWPDUNVWKHEHJLQQLQJRI
VRPHWKLQJLPSRUWDQW
LQFOXVLYHQHVV>ܼQ‫ޖ‬NOX‫ޝ‬VܼYQԥV@ (n)LQFOXGLQJRUFRYHULQJDOOWKHVHUYLFHVIDFLOLWLHVRULWHPV
LQFUHDVLQJO\>ܼQ‫ޖ‬NUL‫ޝ‬VܼƾOL@(adv)WRDQLQFUHDVLQJH[WHQWPRUHDQGPRUHV\QSURJUHVVLYHO\
LQÀXHQWLDO>‫ܼޙ‬QÀX‫ޖ‬HQ‫ݕ‬O@(adj)KDYLQJDORWRILQÀXHQFHRQVRPHERG\VRPHWKLQJ
LQLWLDWLYH>ܼ‫ޖ‬Qܼ‫ݕ‬ԥWܼY@(n) WKHDELOLW\WRDVVHVVDQGLQLWLDWHWKLQJVLQGHSHQGHQWO\
V\QVHOIPRWLYDWLRQDPELWLRQUHVRXUFHIXOQHVVLQYHQWLYHQHVV
LQMXUH>‫ܼޖ‬QG‫ݤ‬ԥU@(v)WRKDUP\RXUVHOIRUVRPHERG\HOVHSK\VLFDOO\HVSHFLDOO\LQDQDFFLGHQW
LQVSLUH>ܼQ‫ޖ‬VSDܼԥU@(v)JLYHVRPHERG\WKHGHVLUHFRQ¿GHQFHRUHQWKXVLDVPWRGRVWZHOO
LQVWDOOPHQW > ܼQ‫ޖ‬VW‫ޝܧ‬OPԥQW @ (n) D VXP RI PRQH\ GXH DV RQH RI VHYHUDO HTXDO SD\PHQWV IRU
VRPHWKLQJVSUHDGRYHUDQDJUHHGSHULRGRIWLPHsyn:SDUWSD\PHQWSUHPLXP
LQVWUXFWRU>ܼQ‫ޖ‬VWU‫ݞ‬NWԥ@ (n) DSHUVRQZKRVHMRELVWRWHDFKVRPHERG\DSUDFWLFDOVNLOORUVSRUW
LQWHUHVWIUHH>‫ܼޖ‬QWUԥVW‫ޖ‬IUL‫(@ޝ‬adj) ZLWKQRLQWHUHVWFKDUJHGRQPRQH\WKDWKDVEHHQERUURZHG
LQWHUUHODWH>‫ܼޙ‬QWԥUܼ‫ޖ‬OHܼW@(v) to (make) tie/contact, relate
LQWULFDWH>‫ܼޖ‬QWUܼNԥW@DGMKDYLQJDORWRIGL൵HUHQWSDUWVDQGVPDOOGHWDLOVWKDW¿WWRJHWKHU
LQYHQWLYH>ܼQ‫ޖ‬YHQWܼY@(adj)DEOHWRWKLQNRIQHZDQGLQWHUHVWLQJLGHDVNHHSVPELQVXVSHQVH
LQYHVW>ܼQ‫ޖ‬YHVW@(v)EX\SURSHUW\VKDUHVLQDFRPSDQ\HWFLQWKHKRSHRIPDNLQJDSUR¿W

Jj
MHDORXV>‫ޖ‬G‫ݤ‬HOԥV@(adj)DIUDLGWKDWWKHRQH\RXORYHPLJKWSUHIHUVPEHOVHZDQWLQJ

203
MRJJLQJ>‫ޖ‬G‫ܼܳܥݤ‬ƾ@(n)WKHDFWLYLW\RIUXQQLQJVORZO\DQGVWHDGLO\DVDIRUPRIH[HUFLVH
MXGJH>G‫ݞݤ‬G‫(@ݤ‬n/v)DSHUVRQZKRGHFLGHVZKRKDVZRQDFRPSHWLWLRQ

Kk
NHHQRQ>‫ޖ‬NL‫ޝ‬Q‫ܥ‬Q@(adj)OLNLQJVPEVPWKYHU\PXFKYHU\LQWHUHVWHGLQVPEVPWK

Ll
OHDG>OL‫ޝ‬G@(v)VKRZWKHZD\
OHDJXH>OL‫(@ܳޝ‬n)DJURXSRIVSRUWVWHDPVZKRDOOSOD\HDFKRWKHUWRHDUQSRLQWVDQG¿QGZKLFK
WHDPLVWKHEHVW
OLPH>ODܼP@(n)DZKLWHVXEVWDQFHOLNHFKDONREWDLQHGE\KHDWLQJOLPHVWRQHXVHGLQEXLOGLQJ
PDWHULDOVDQGWRKHOSSODQWVJURZ
ORDQ>Oԥ‫ݜ‬Q@(n)DQXPEHURIPRQH\WKDWDQRUJDQL]DWLRQVXFKDVDEDQN
OR\DO>‫ޖ‬O‫ܼܧ‬ԥO@UHPDLQLQJIDLWKIXOWRVPEVPWKVXSSRUWLQJWKHPRULW

Mm
PDLQWDLQ>PHܼQ‫ޖ‬WHܼQ@(v)NHHSNHHSXSFDUU\RQVXSSRUWGHFODUHWREHWUXH
PDQXVFULSW>‫ޖ‬P QMXVNUܼSW@(n) DFRS\RIERRNDSLHFHRIPXVLFHWFEHIRUHLWKDVEHHQSULQWHG
PDSOH>‫ޖ‬PHܼSO@(n)DWDOOWUHHZLWKOHDYHVWKDWKDYH¿YHSRLQWVDQGWXUQEULJKWUHGRU\HOORZLQ
WKHDXWXPQIDOO0DSOHVJURZLQQRUWKHUQFRXQWULHV
PDVVLYH>‫ޖ‬P VܼY@(adj)ELJDQGKHDY\ODUJHDQGVROLG
PDVWHU>‫ޖ‬P‫ޝܤ‬VWԥ@(n)DSHUVRQZKRLVVNLOOHGDWVPWK
PHDQ>PL‫ޝ‬Q@(adj)QRWJHQHURXVQRWZLOOLQJWRJLYHRUVKDUHWKLQJVXQNLQG
PHDQLQJIXO>‫ޖ‬PL‫ޝ‬QܼƾIXO@(adj)KDYLQJDPHDQLQJWKDWLVHDV\WRXQGHUVWDQG
PHWKDQH>‫ޖ‬PL‫ޝ‬șHܼQ@(n)DJDVZLWKRXWFRORXURUVPHOOWKDWEXUQVHDVLO\DQGLVXVHGDVIXHO
PLQHU>‫ޖ‬PDܼQԥU@(n) DSHUVRQZKRZRUNVLQDPLQHWDNLQJRXWFRDOJROGGLDPRQGVHWF
PLVOHDG>‫ޙ‬PܼV‫ޖ‬OL‫ޝ‬G@(v)JLYHVEWKHZURQJLGHDRULPSUHVVLRQDQGPDNHWKHPEHOLHYHLW
PLVV>PܼV@(v)EHERUHGEHDQ[LRXVKDYHDWHGLRXVWLPHEHODWHVWD\WRRORQJ
PL[>PܼNV@(v)SUHSDUHVPWKE\FRPELQLQJWZRRUPRUHGL൵HUHQWVXEVWDQFHV
PRUDO>‫ޖ‬P‫ܥ‬UԥO@(adj)IROORZLQJVWDQGDUGVRIEHKDYLRXUFRQVLGHUHGDFFHSWDEOHDQGULJKWE\
PRVWSHRSOH
PXOWLODWHUDO>‫ޙ‬P‫ݞ‬OWL‫ޖ‬O WԥUԥO@(adj)LQZKLFKWKUHHRUPRUHJURXSVQDWLRQVHWFWDNHSDUW
PXOWLQDWLRQDO>‫ޙ‬P‫ݞ‬OWL‫ޖ‬Q ‫ݕ‬QԥO@(adj) H[LVWLQJLQRULQYROYLQJPDQ\FRXQWULHV
PXWXDO>‫ޖ‬PMX‫ޝ‬W‫ݕ‬XԥO@(adj)XVHGWRGHVFULEHIHHOLQJVWKDWWZRRUPRUHSHRSOHKDYHIRUHDFK
RWKHUHTXDOO\RUDFWLRQVWKDWD൵HFWWZRRUPRUHSHRSOHHTXDOO\

Nn
QDUUDWLYH>‫ޖ‬Q UԥWܼY@(n)DGHVFULSWLRQRIHYHQWVHVSHFLDOO\LQDQRYHOsyn.VWRU\
QDUUDWH>Qԥ‫ޖ‬UHܼW@(v) to tell a story
QDWXUDOUHVRXUFHV>‫ޖ‬Q ‫ݹ‬UԥOUL‫ޖ‬V‫ܧ‬Vܼ]@UDZPDWHULDOVIRXQGLQQDWXUHVXFKDVWUHHVRLODQG
QDWXUDOJDV
QREOHPDQ>‫ޖ‬Qԥ‫ݜ‬EOPԥQ@(n)DPDQIURPDIDPLO\RIKLJKVRFLDOUDQNDPHPEHU
RIWKHQRELOLW\DULVWRFUDW
QRWDEOH>‫ޖ‬Qԥ‫ݜ‬WԥEO@(adj)ZRUWK\RIDWWHQWLRQRUQRWLFHsyn: UHPDUNDEOHRXWVWDQGLQJVSHFWDFXODU
QRYHOLVW>‫ޖ‬Q‫ܥ‬YԥOܼVW@(n)DSHUVRQZKRZULWHVQRYHOV

204
 Oo
RFFXU>ԥ‫ޖ‬N‫(@ޝܮ‬v)KDSSHQ
RULJLQDWH>ԥ‫ޖ‬UܼG‫ܼݤ‬QHܼW@(v)WRKDSSHQRUDSSHDUIRUWKH¿UVWWLPHLQDSDUWLFXODUSODFHRUVLWXD
WLRQKDYHDVSHFL¿FEHJLQQLQJsyn:KDYHLWVRULJLQDULVHEHJLQ
RYHUSRSXODWLRQ>‫ޙ‬ԥ‫ݜ‬Yԥ‫ޙ‬S‫ܥ‬SMX‫ޖ‬OHܼ‫ݕ‬Q@WKHIDFWRIDFRXQWU\RUFLW\KDYLQJWRRPDQ\SHRSOHOLYLQJLQLW

Pp
SDUFKPHQW>‫ޖ‬S‫ޝܤ‬W‫ݕ‬PԥQW@(n) material made from the skin of a sheep or goat, used
in the past for writing on
SDYH>SHܼY@(n/v)FRYHUDSLHFHRIJURXQGZLWKFRQFUHWHDVSKDOWVWRQHVRUEULFNV
  OD\SDYLQJRYHUsyn: FRYHURUFORVHVSUHDGRYHUSODQN
SHQQDPH>‫ޖ‬SHQ‫ޖ‬QHܼP@(n)DQDPHXVHGE\DZULWHULQVWHDGRIWKHLUUHDOQDPHV\QQLFNQDPH
SHULRGLFDO>‫ޙ‬SܼԥUL‫ܥޖ‬GܼNO@(n) a magazine that is published every week, month, etc., especially
one that is concerned with an academic subject
SHUVRQDOLW\>‫ޙ‬S‫ޝܮ‬Vԥ‫ޖ‬Q OԥWܼ@(n) WKHYDULRXVDVSHFWVRIDSHUVRQ¶VFKDUDFWHUWKDWFRPELQHWR
PDNHWKHPGL൵HUHQWIURPRWKHUSHRSOH
SHUVXDGH>Sԥ‫ޖ‬VZHܼG@(v)ZLQRYHUWRGRRUEHOLHYHPDNHZLOOLQJ
SHUVXDVLYH>Sԥ‫ޖ‬VZHܼVܼY@(adj)DEOHWRSHUVXDGHVPEWRGRRUEHOLHYHVPWK
SLFN>SܼN@(n)DQDFWRIFKRRVLQJVRPHWKLQJ
SLWFK>SܼW‫(@ݕ‬n)DQDUHDRIJURXQGVSHFLDOO\SUHSDUHGDQGPDUNHGIRUSOD\LQJDVSRUWVJDPH
SODLQ>‫ޖ‬SOHܼQ@(adj)HDV\WRVHHRUXQGHUVWDQG
SROLR>‫ޖ‬Sԥ‫ݜ‬OLԥ‫(@ݜ‬n)LOOQHVVLQIDQWLOHSDUDO\VLVSROLRP\HOLWLV
SROLVK>‫ޖ‬S‫ܥ‬Oܼ‫(@ݕ‬v) rubbing a surface to make it smooth and shiny, grind
SRRGOH>‫ޖ‬SX‫ޝ‬GO@(n)DGRJZLWKYHU\FXUO\KDLU
SRSXODWLRQ>‫ޙ‬S‫ܥ‬SMX‫ޖ‬OHܼ‫ݕ‬Q@(n)SHRSOHRIDFLW\RUDFRXQWU\
SUHFHGH>SUܼ‫ޖ‬VL‫ޝ‬G@(v) happen before something or come before something/somebody in order
SUHGLFW>SUܼ‫ޖ‬GܼNW@(v)WHOOEHIRUHKDQG
SUHMXGLFH>‫ޖ‬SUHG‫ݤ‬XGܼV@(n)DQRSLQLRQIRUPHGZLWKRXWWDNLQJWLPHDQGFDUHWRMXGJHIDLUO\
SUHYHQW>SUܼ‫ޖ‬YHQW@YVWRSVRPHERG\IURPGRLQJVRPHWKLQJ
SUR¿WDEOH>‫ޖ‬SU‫ܥ‬IܼWԥEO@(adj)WKDWPDNHVRULVOLNHO\WRPDNHPRQH\
SURYLQFH>‫ޖ‬SU‫ܥ‬YܼQV@(n)RQHRIWKHDUHDVWKDWVRPHFRXQWULHVDUHGLYLGHGLQWRZLWKLWVRZQORFDO
JRYHUQPHQW
SUXGHQW>‫ޖ‬SUX‫ޝ‬GQW@(adj) VHQVLEOHDQGFDUHIXOZKHQ\RXPDNHMXGJHPHQWVDQGGHFLVLRQV
RSSLPSUXGHQW
SXWGRZQ>SXWG‫ܤ‬XQ@(v)VWRSKROGLQJVPWKDQGSODFHLWRQDWDEOHVKHOIHWF

Rr
UHDVRQDEOH>‫ޖ‬UL‫]ޝ‬QԥEO@(adj)IDLUSUDFWLFDODQGVHQVLEOHRSSXQUHDVRQDEOH
UHFRPPHQG>‫ޙ‬UHNԥ‫ޖ‬PHQG@(v)WHOOVPEWKDWVPWKLVJRRGRUXVHIXORUWKDWVPEZRXOGEHVXLW
DEOHIRUDSDUWLFXODUMRE
UHFUHDWH>‫ޙ‬UL‫ޝ‬NUL‫ޖ‬HܼW@(v) refresh, revive, renovate
UHIHUHQFH>‫ޖ‬UHIUԥQV@(n) DWKLQJ\RXVD\RUZULWHWKDWPHQWLRQVVPEVPWKHOVH
UHIRUHVWDWLRQ>UL‫ޙ‬I‫ܥ‬Uܼ‫ޖ‬VWHܼ‫ݕ‬ԥQ@UHSODQWLQJWKHUHVWRUDWLRQRIDIRUHVWWKDWKDGEHHQUHGXFHGE\
¿UHRUFXWWLQJ
UHKDELOLWDWLRQ>‫ޙ‬UL‫ޝ‬ԥ‫ޙ‬EܼOܼ‫ޖ‬WHܼ‫ݕ‬Q@(n) WKHSURFHVVRIKHOSLQJVPEWRKDYHDQRUPDOXVHIXOOLIH
DJDLQDIWHUWKH\KDYHEHHQYHU\LOOVLFNRULQSULVRQIRUDORQJWLPHV\QUHFRQVWUXFWLRQ
UHODWH>Uܼ‫ޖ‬OHܼW@(v) JLYHDQDFFRXQWRIDVHTXHQFHRIHYHQWVQDUUDWHFRRUGLQDWHOLQNFRQQHFW
UHODWLRQVKLS>Uܼ‫ޖ‬OHܼ‫ݕ‬Q‫ܼݕ‬S@(n)WKHZD\LQZKLFKWZRSHRSOHJURXSVRUFRXQWULHVEHKDYHWRZDUGV

205
HDFKRWKHURUGHDOZLWKHDFKRWKHU
UHOHYDQF\>‫ޖ‬UHOԥYԥQVܼ@(n)DSSURSULDWHQHVVSURSULHW\
UHO\RQXSRQVPEVPWK>Uܼ‫ޖ‬ODܼ@ (v)QHHGRUEHGHSHQGHQWRQVPEVPWK
UHPDUNDEOH >Uܼ‫ޖ‬P‫ޝܤ‬NԥEO@ (adj) unusual or surprising in a way that causes people to
take notice, syn: astonishing
UHQHZ>Uܼ‫ޖ‬QMX‫(@ޝ‬v)EHJLQVRPHWKLQJDJDLQDIWHUDSDXVHRUDQLQWHUUXSWLRQ
UHQHZDEOH>Uܼ‫ޖ‬QMX‫ޝ‬ԥEO@(adj)RIHQHUJ\DQGQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHVWKDWLVUHSODFHGQDWXUDOO\RU
FRQWUROOHGFDUHIXOO\QRWGHSOHWHGZKHQXVHG
UHSUHVHQW>‫ޙ‬UHSUܼ‫]ޖ‬HQW@ (v)EHDPHPEHURIDJURXSRISHRSOHDQGDFWRUVSHDNRQWKHLUEHKDOI
DWDQHYHQWDPHHWLQJHWF
UHSUHVHQWDWLYH>‫ޙ‬UHSUܼ‫]ޖ‬HQWԥWܼY@(n)DSHUVRQZKRKDVEHHQFKRVHQWRVSHDNRUYRWHIRUVRPH
ERG\HOVHRURQEHKDOIRIDJURXS
UHVHUYHG>Uܼ‫ޝܮ]ޖ‬YG@(adv)RIDSHUVRQRUWKHLUFKDUDFWHUVORZRUXQZLOOLQJWRVKRZIHHOLQJV
RUH[SUHVVRSLQLRQVRSSXQUHVHUYHG
UHVLVWDQFH>Uܼ‫ܼ]ޖ‬VWԥQV@(n) WKHUHIXVDOWRDFFHSWRUFRPSO\ZLWKVRPHWKLQJV\QRSSRVLWLRQWR
UHVSRQG>Uܼ‫ޖ‬VS‫ܥ‬QG@(v/n)WRJLYHDVSRNHQRUZULWWHQDQVZHUWRVRPHERG\VRPHWKLQJ
UHVWUDLQ>Uܼ‫ޖ‬VWUHܼQ@(v)SUHYHQWVRPHRQHRUVRPHWKLQJIURPGRLQJVRPHWKLQJNHHSXQGHU
FRQWURORUZLWKLQOLPLWVV\QSUHYHQWVWRSNHHSKROGEDFN
UHZDUG>Uܼ‫ޖ‬Z‫ޝܧ‬G@SUL]HDZDUGERQXV
URPDQWLFL]H>U‫ޖܧ‬P QWܼ‫ޙ‬VDܼ]@ (v)GHDOZLWKRUGHVFULEHLQDQLGHDOL]HGRUXQUHDOLVWLFIDVKLRQ
PDNHVPWKVHHPEHWWHURUPRUHDSSHDOLQJWKDQLWUHDOO\LV
UXQIRU>U‫ݞ‬QI‫ޝܧ‬U@ (v) FRQWLQXHH[WHQG
UXQRXW>U‫ݞ‬QDXW@(v/n)DOHQJWKRIWLPHRUVWUHWFKRIJURXQGRYHUZKLFKVRPHWKLQJJUDGXDOO\
FHDVHVRULVEURXJKWWRDQHQGRUDKDOW
UXVK>U‫(@ݕݞ‬v)PRYHRUWRGRVRPHWKLQJZLWKJUHDWVSHHGRIWHQWRRIDVW

Ss
VFDWWHU>‫ޖ‬VN Wԥ@(v)WKURZWKLQJVLQGL൵HUHQWGLUHFWLRQVVRWKDWWKH\FRYHUDQDUHDRIJURXQG
VFRUH>VN‫(@ޝܧ‬n)WKHQXPEHURISRLQWVJRDOVHWFVFRUHGE\HDFKSOD\HURUWHDPLQDJDPH
VHW RXW > VHW DXW @ (v) VWDUW OD\ RXW PDNH RQH¶V ZD\ GLUHFW RQH¶V VWHSV SLFN RQH¶V ZD\
VKDFN>‫ݕ‬ N@(n)DURXJKO\EXLOWKXWRUORJFDELQV\QKXWFKDQWH\FDELQOHDQWRVKHGKRYHO
VKHG>‫ݕ‬HG@(n)DVPDOOVLPSOHEXLOGLQJXVXDOO\EXLOWRIZRRGPHWDOXVHGIRUNHHSLQJWKLQJVLQ
VKRW>‫ܧݕ‬W@ (n) DQDWWHPSWDWU\
VNHSWLFVFHSWLF>‫ޖ‬VNHSWܼN@(n) DSHUVRQZKRXVXDOO\GRXEWVWKDWFODLPVRUVWDWHPHQWVDUHWUXH
HVSHFLDOO\WKRVHWKDWRWKHUSHRSOHEHOLHYHLQ
VLPSOLFLW\>VܼP‫ޖ‬SOܼVԥWL@(n)WKHTXDOLW\RIEHLQJHDV\WRXQGHUVWDQGRUXVH
VRDU>V‫ޝܧ‬U@(adj)À\XSZDUGRUDWDJUHDWKHLJKWDVSLUH
VRFLDEOH>‫ޖ‬Vԥ‫ݕݜ‬ԥEO@(adj)HQMR\LQJVSHQGLQJWLPHZLWKRWKHUSHRSOHRSSXQVRFLDEOH
VSHFLDOL]HLQ>‫ޖ‬VSH‫ݕ‬ԥODܼ]@(v)EHFRPHDQH[SHUWLQDSDUWLFXODUDUHDRIZRUNVWXG\EXVLQHVV
VSHFWDWRU>VSHN‫ޖ‬WHܼWԥ@(n)DSHUVRQZKRLVZDWFKLQJDQHYHQWHVSHFLDOO\DVSRUWVHYHQW
VSHOO>VSHO@(n)DVKRUWSHULRGRIWLPHGXULQJZKLFKVRPHWKLQJODVWV
VSLOO>VSܼO@(v)ÀRZRYHUWKHHGJHRIDFRQWDLQHUE\DFFLGHQWWRPDNHOLTXLGGRWKLVWXUQR൵WR
OHDYHDURDGLQRUGHUWRWUDYHORQDQRWKHU
VSRQVRU>‫ޖ‬VS‫ܥ‬QVԥ@(v) SURYLGHIXQGVIRUDSURMHFWRUDFWLYLW\RUWKHSHUVRQFDUU\LQJLWRXW
syn:¿QDQFHSXWXSWKHPRQH\RUIXQGVXEVLGL]HVXSSRUWFRQWULEXWHWR
VWDQGDUGRIOLYLQJ>‫ޖ‬VW QGԥGԥY‫ޖ‬OܼYܼƾ@WKHRYHUDOOTXDOLW\RIOLIHWKDWSHRSOHH[SHULHQFH
VWDQGE\>‫ޖ‬VW QG‫ޙ‬EDܼ@ZDLWLQJ
VWDWH(to) >VWHܼW@ (v)IRUPDOO\ZULWHRUVD\VPWKHVSHFLDOO\LQDFDUHIXODQGFOHDUZD\
VWUDLQ>VWUHܼQ@(v)SUHVVXUHRQVRPHERG\VRPHWKLQJEHFDXVHWKH\KDYHWRRPXFKWRGRRUPDQ
DJHRUVRPHWKLQJYHU\GL൶ FXOWWRGHDOZLWKWKHSUREOHPVZRUU\RUDQ[LHW\WKDWWKLVSURGXFHV
VWUHWFK>VWUH‫(@ݹ‬v/n)H[WHQGSURORQJOHQJWKHQPDNHELJJHUORRVHUUHDFKRXW
VWXG>‫ޖ‬VW‫ݞ‬G@ (n)DQDQLPDOHVSHFLDOO\DKRUVHWKDWLVNHSWIRUEUHHGLQJWKHSODFHZKHUHDQL

206
 PDOVHVSHFLDOO\KRUVHVDUHNHSWIRUEUHHGLQJ
VXEWURSLFDO>‫ޙ‬V‫ݞ‬E‫ޖ‬WU‫ܥ‬SܼNO@(adj)FRQQHFWHGZLWKUHJLRQVWKDWDUHQHDUWURSLFDOSDUWVRIWKHZRUOG
VXVSHQVH>Vԥ‫ޖ‬VSHQV@(n)DIHHOLQJRIZRUU\RUH[FLWHPHQWWKDW\RXKDYHZKHQ\RXIHHOWKDW
VRPHWKLQJLVJRLQJWRKDSSHQVRPHERG\LVJRLQJWRWHOO\RXVRPHQHZVHWF
VXVSHQVHIXO>VԥV‫ޖ‬SHQVIXO@(adj)FKDUDFWHUL]HGE\RUFDXVLQJVXVSHQVHsyn.WKULOOLQJH[FLWLQJ
QDLOELWLQJVXVSHQVLYH
VXVWDLQDEOH>Vԥ‫ޖ‬VWHܼQԥEO@(adj)LQYROYLQJWKHXVHRIQDWXUDOSURGXFWVDQGHQHUJ\LQDZD\WKDW
GRHVQRWKDUPWKHHQYLURQPHQW
V\PEROL]H>‫ޖ‬VܼPEԥODܼ]@ (v) EHDV\PERORIVRPHWKLQJ

Tt
WHPSHU>‫ޖ‬WHPSԥ@(n)WKHZD\\RXDUHIHHOLQJDWDSDUWLFXODUWLPHV\QPRRG
WHPSHUHG>‫ޖ‬WHPSԥG@(adj)KDYLQJDSDUWLFXODUW\SHRIWHPSHUJRRGEDGVZHHWWHPSHUHG
WHQGHU>‫ޖ‬WHQGԥU@(adj)NLQGJHQWOHDQGORYLQJ
WKHPDWLF>șܼ‫ޖ‬PԥWܼN@(adj)KDYLQJRUUHODWLQJWRVXEMHFWVRUDSDUWLFXODUVXEMHFWV\QWRSLFDO
WKUHDW>șUHW@(n) VLJQRUFDXVHRISRVVLEOHHYLORUKDUP
WKUHDWHQ>‫ޖ‬șUHWQ@(v)VWDWHRQH¶VLQWHQWLRQWRWDNHKRVWLOHDFWLRQDJDLQVWVRPHRQHIRUVPWKGRQH
WKULOOHG>șUܼOG@(adj)YHU\H[FLWHGDQGSOHDVHG
WKULYH>șUDܼY@(v)JURZRUGHYHORSZHOORUYLJRURXVO\V\QSURVSHUEORZWKULYH
WLGH >WDܼG@(n) wave, ow, stream
WUDFN>WU N@(v) chase, follow, watch
WUDLQ>WUHܼQ@(v)WRWHDFKDSHUVRQRUDQDQLPDOWKHVNLOOVIRUDSDUWLFXODUMRERUDFWLYLW\
WREHWDXJKWLQWKLVRUWKDWZD\
WUDLW>‫ޖ‬WUHܼW@(nSDUWLFXODUTXDOLW\LQ\RXUSHUVRQDOLW\
WUDQVSLUH>WU Q‫ޖ‬VSDܼԥ@(adj) VRPHWKLQJKDVKDSSHQHGRULVWUXH(v) RFFXUKDSSHQ
WUDS>WU S@(n)DSLHFHRIHTXLSPHQWIRUFDWFKLQJDQLPDOV
WUHDW\>‫ޖ‬WUL‫ޝ‬WL@(n)DIRUPDODJUHHPHQWEHWZHHQWZRRUPRUHFRXQWULHV
WUHPHQGRXV>WUԥ‫ޖ‬PHQGԥV@(adj)YHU\JUHDWH[WUHPHO\JRRG
WULEH>WUDܼE@(n)DJURXSRISHRSOHRIWKHVDPHUDFHWKHVDPHFXVWRPVODQJXDJHUHOLJLRQ
W\SKRRQ>WDܼ‫ޖ‬IX‫ޝ‬Q@(n)DYLROHQWWURSLFDOVWRUPZLWKYHU\VWURQJZLQGV

Uu
XQEHOLHYDEO\>‫ݞޙ‬QEܼ‫ޖ‬OL‫ޝ‬YԥEOL@(adv)LQFUHGLEO\LPSUREDEO\
XUEDQ>‫ޝܮޖ‬EԥQ@(adj)KDYLQJWRGRZLWKFLWLHVRUWRZQV
XWLOL]H>‫ޖ‬MX‫ޝ‬WԥODܼ]@(v)PDNHXVHRI

Vv
YLEUDWLRQ>YDܼ‫ޖ‬EUHܼ‫ݕ‬Q@(n)DFRQWLQXRXVVKDNLQJPRYHPHQWRUIHHOLQJ
YLVLRQ>‫ޖ‬Yܼ‫ݤ‬Q@(n)SRZHURIVHHLQJVHQVHRIVLJKW
YLYLG>‫ޖ‬YܼYܼG@(adj)SURGXFLQJYHU\FOHDUSLFWXUHVLQ\RXUPLQG

Ww
ZDQW>Z‫ܥ‬QW@(n)VRPHWKLQJWKDW\RXQHHG
ZHOOYHUVHG>‫ޖ‬ZHO‫ޖ‬Yԥ‫ޝ‬VW@(adj)KDYLQJDORWRINQRZOHGJHDERXWVPWKRUVNLOODWVPWK
ZKLUOZLQG>‫ޖ‬Z‫ޝܮ‬OZܼQG@(n) hurricane, typhoon, cyclone, tornado, sandstorm
ZLOO>ZܼO@(n)WKHDELOLW\WRFRQWURO\RXUWKRXJKWVDQGDFWLRQVLQRUGHUWRDFKLHYHZKDW\RXZDQW
WRGRGHWHUPLQDWLRQSXUSRVHIXOQHVVE\ZKLFKDSHUVRQGHFLGHVRQDQGLQLWLDWHVDFWLRQ
ZUHVWOHU>‫ޖ‬UHVOԥ@(n)DSHUVRQZKRWDNHVSDUWLQWKHVSRUWRIZUHVWOLQJ

207
 REMEMBER!

+HUHLVDVHOHFWLRQRIXVHIXOOLQNLQJZRUGVDQGSKUDVHV%URZVHWKH
LQWHUQHWIRU³OLQNLQJZRUGV´WRH[SDQGWKHOLVW

$ERXWWLPH To contrast
Afterward Although
As soon as Even though
However 7RJLYHUHDVRQV
At present
Nevertheless Because of (this)
Currently
Though Due to (the fact that)
Eventually
While this is For the reason
In the future
true yet Owing to (the fact that)
Meanwhile
Since
Previously
Thanks to (the fact)
Today
That/this is why
TRDGG
Additionally
7RFRQFOXGH
Again
As a result
Along with
Consequently 7RPDNHDSRLQWFOHDUHU
Also
Finally Actually
For instance
Hence Because of this
For example
In conclusion In fact
Furthermore
Lastly Obviously
On the whole To emphasize
Summing up
To conclude
To summarize 7RVLJQDODQHZWRSLF
Moving on to our point...
On a related topic/note …
That takes us to the following idea …
This leads us to our next point
7RFRPSDUH
In accordance with
In comparison 7RH[HPSOLI\
In the same way For example
Likewise For instance
On the other hand Namely
Similarly One example of this
To demonstrate this
To illustrate this

208
 REMEMBER!
:ULWLQJWKH(VVD\
7KHUHDUHWZRLPSRUWDQWSDUWVWRZULWLQJDQHVVD\
‡'HYHORSLQJWKHWRSLF ‡'HPRQVWUDWLQJIDFLOLW\ZLWK(QJOLVK
+HUHLVDQRYHUYLHZRIWKHVWHSE\VWHSSURFHVVWKDW\RX¶OOXVHWRGHYHORSWKH
WRSLFDQGGHPRQVWUDWH\RXUIDFLOLW\ZLWK(QJOLVK
‡:ULWHWKHWRSLFVHQWHQFHIRUHDFKSDUDJUDSK
‡:ULWHWKH,QWURGXFWLRQ
‡:ULWHWKH%RG\RIWKHHVVD\
‡:ULWHWKH&RQFOXVLRQ
:ULWLQJ DQ HVVD\ ZLOO EH GLVFXVVHG WKRURXJKO\ LQ WKH FKDSWHU E\ WKH VDPH QDPH
<RX¶OO OHDUQ GL൵HUHQW ZD\V WR GHYHORS D WRSLF DQG GHPRQVWUDWH \RXU IDFLOLW\ ZLWK
(QJOLVK<RX¶OO OHDUQ GL൵HUHQW ZD\V WR ZULWH \RXU HVVD\ EXW WKH VWHSV UHPDLQ WKH
VDPH<RXPXVWDOZD\VIROORZWKHVHVWHSV
:ULWHWKHWRSLFVHQWHQFHIRUHDFKSDUDJUDSK
(DFKRIWKHURZVLQWKHFRQFHSWPDSFRXOGEHDSDUDJUDSKRQHSDUDJUDSKFRXOGEH
DERXWPRWLYDWLRQ
7RSLFVHQWHQFHIRUJHQHUDOLGHDLQIRUPDWLRQ
,QIRUPDWLRQFRPHVIURPWHFKQRORJ\EXWLWDOVRFRPHVIURPSHRSOH
7RSLFVHQWHQFHIRUJHQHUDOLGHDinteraction
,QWHUDFWLRQZLWKRWKHUSHRSOHLQFUHDVHVP\NQRZOHGJH
7RSLFVHQWHQFHIRUJHQHUDOLGHDmotivation
&RPSHWLWLRQPRWLYDWHVPH
:ULWHWKH,QWURGXFWLRQ
7KH,QWURGXFWLRQOHWVWKHUHDGHUNQRZZKDWP\SRLQWRIYLHZLVDQGKRZ,SODQWR
GHYHORSWKHHVVD\,EHOLHYHWKDWLWLVEHWWHUWRVWXG\DWVFKRROWKDQDWKRPH,FDQ
OHDUQDORWLI,VWXG\DORQHDWKRPHEXW,FDQOHDUQPRUHLI,VWXG\DWVFKRROZLWK
RWKHUSHRSOH,FDQJDLQDORWRILQIRUPDWLRQIURPRWKHUSHRSOH,DOVROHDUQDORWE\
LQWHUDFWLQJ ZLWK WKHP ,¶P PRWLYDWHG WR VWXG\ PRUH LI , GRQ¶W ZRUN DORQH
7KHUHIRUH , EHOLHYH , FDQ OHDUQ D ORW PRUH DW VFKRRO ,Q WKLV ,QWURGXFWLRQ , KDYH
VWDWHGP\RSLQLRQ6WXG\LQJDWVFKRROLVEHVWIRUPH
:ULWHWKH%RG\RIWKHHVVD\
,QIRUPDWLRQ FRPHV IURP WHFKQRORJ\ EXW LW DOVR FRPHV IURP SHRSOH ,I , VWXG\ DW
KRPH,FDQJHWDORWRILQIRUPDWLRQIURPP\FRPSXWHU'9'SOD\HUDQGWHOHYLVLRQ
,I,VWXG\DWVFKRRO,FDQJHWDOOWKLVLQIRUPDWLRQDQGDOVRJHWLQIRUPDWLRQIURPP\
WHDFKHUVDQGFODVVPDWHV6R,OHDUQPRUHDWVFKRRO
In this paragraph, I chose one of my topic sentences and developed it using the
specic details in my concept map.
:ULWHWKH&RQFOXVLRQ
Some people can study very well when they are alone at home, but I can’t. I need to
have other people near me. When I am with other people, I have the possibility to
learn more information. I have the opportunity to develop my ideas more completely.
I have the motivation to do a better job. Therefore, school is the best place for me.
,QWKLVSDUDJUDSK,VXPPDUL]HGZK\,SUHIHUUHGVWXG\LQJLQVFKRRO,UHSKUDVHGP\
LGHDV,GLGQ¶WVLPSO\UHSHDWWKHP

209
 GRAMMAR FOLDER
ADJECTIVE / ADVERB
Compare: Note:Not all words ending -ly
$GMHFWLYH $GMHFWLYHO\ $GYHUE are adverbs. Some words
TXLFN TXLFNO\ ending in “ly” are adjectives,
TXLHW TXLHWO\ too.
VORZ VORZO\ IULHQGO\
HDV\ HDVLO\ OLYHO\
KDSS\ KDSSLO\ ORYHO\
OXFN\ OXFNLO\ HOGHUO\
KHDY\ KHDYLO\ ORQHO\
FDUHIXO FDUHIXOO\ VLOO\
VHULRXV VHULRXVO\ XJO\
ÀXHQW ÀXHQWO\ GHDGO\
• Sam is a careful • He drives carefully. Samples:
driver. • We didn’t go out • Sara is a very friendly girl.(adj)
• They didn’t go out because it was • She treats everybody in
a very friendly manner.
because of heavy raining heavily.
rain. (not raining heavy)

Note: The words ending in - ly are both adjectives and adverbs:

hourly daily early weekly monthly yearly, etc.
Compare: This is a daily programme. He brushes his teeth daily.
7KHVHZRUGVDUHERWKDGMHFWLYHV These words are adverbs and they are
DQGDGYHUEV used only in positive degree.
IDVW IDVW KDUGO\ Note: +DUGO\ 
KDUG KDUG KLJKO\ “almost not any”KDV
KLJK KLJK ODWHO\ QHJDWLYHPHDQLQJ
ODWH ODWH QHDUO\ Sample:
HDUO\ HDUO\ VKRUWO\ She can KDUGO\ speak
QHDU QHDU German = (She can’t
VKRUW VKRUW speak German.)
• He is a fast runner. • He runs fast. • She was not friendly at the party.
• It’s hard work. • He tried hard to • This is a daily newspaper.
nd a job.
• It’s early spring. • I get up early. • He could hardly walk in the park.
• That was a late train. • She came late. • My granny is nearly (almost) sixty.
• This is a high • The bird can y • The workers are highly paid in
mountain. high. this plant.

210
 A Number of... /The Number of...
The number of LV WKH VXEMHFW A number ofLVDQH[SUHVVLRQRI
LW¶VIROORZHGE\DSOXUDOQRXQDQG TXDQWLW\PHDQLQJ“a lot of”.
DVLQJXODUYHUE ,WLVIROORZHGE\DSOXUDOQRXQDQG
DYHUELQWKHSOXUDO

Sample: Sample:
‡The number of days in a week ‡A number of people visit the
is seven. museum every day.
‡The number of books in library ‡A number of plants are used in/as
has risen to over 5 million. medicine.

Do /Make
:HXVHMakeZKHQZHVSHDNDERXW
Producing, constructing, creating or building something new.
,WLVDOVRXVHGWRLQGLFDWHWKHRULJLQRIDSURGXFWRUWKHPDWHULDOVWKDWDUHXVHGWR
PDNHVRPHWKLQJ
‡+LVZHGGLQJULQJLVPDGHRIJROG
‡7KHKRXVHZDVPDGHRIDGREH
‡:LQHLVPDGHIURPJUDSHV
‡7KHZDWFKHVZHUHPDGHLQ6ZLW]HUODQG
:HDOVRXVHMakeIRUSURGXFLQJDQDFWLRQRUUHDFWLRQ
‡2QLRQVPDNH\RXUH\HVZDWHU
‡<RXPDNHPHKDSS\
‡,W¶VQRWP\IDXOW0\EURWKHUPDGHPHGRLW
<RXXVHMakeDIWHUFHUWDLQQRXQVDERXWSODQVDQGGHFLVLRQV
‡PDNHWKHDUUDQJHPHQWV
‡PDNHDFKRLFH
:HXVHMakeZLWKQRXQVDERXWVSHDNLQJDQGFHUWDLQVRXQGV
‡PDNHDFRPPHQW‡PDNHDQRLVH‡PDNHDVSHHFK
:HXVHMakeZLWK)RRG'ULQNDQG0HDOV
‡PDNHDFDNH‡PDNHDFXSRIWHD‡PDNHGLQQHU

:HXVHDoZKHQZHVSHDNDERXW

:RUNMREVRUWDVNV
'RLVXVHGZKHQZHUHIHUWRDFWLYLWLHVLQJHQHUDOZLWKRXWEHLQJVSHFL¿F,Q
WKHVHFDVHVZHQRUPDOO\XVHZRUGVOLNHWKLQJVRPHWKLQJQRWKLQJDQ\WKLQJ
HYHU\WKLQJHWF

• Hurry up! I've got things to do!

• Don't just stand there – do something!
• Is there anything I can do to help you?

211
 GRAMMAR POINT
7KH3UHVHQW3HUIHFW&RQWLQXRXV7HQVH)RUP
,\RXZHWKH\KDYHEHHQ9HUELQJ
+HVKHLWKDVEHHQ9HUELQJ
‡8VHWKH3UHVHQW3HUIHFW&RQWLQXRXVZLWKIRUDQGVLQFHZLWKDFWLRQ
YHUEV(to learn, to do, to go, to work, to speak)
‡8VHWKH3UHVHQW3HUIHFW&RQWLQXRXVIRUUHFHQWFRQWLQXRXVDFWLRQV
Sample:
a: Your eyes are red. Have you been crying? b: No, I’ve been cutting onions.
‡8VHWKH3UHVHQW3HUIHFW&RQWLQXRXVIRUDFWLRQVZKLFKKDYHEHHQJRLQJ
RQYHU\UHFHQWO\
3RVLWLYH
• I have been learning English for 2 years.
• She has been working in this school since 2007.
• We have been watching a lm for an hour.

REMEMBER AND COMPARE!

$JUHHLQJZLWKVRPHERG\HOVH
Person A Person B
,DPKDSS\ So am I/So is he/she.
,¶PJRLQJWR%UD]LOLQVXPPHU So am I.
<RXORRNQLFHWRGD\ So do I/So does he/she.
6LPRQKDVDQHZIULHQG So does she.
:HZHQWWRWKHFLQHPD\HVWHUGD\ So did we.
+HZLOOZLQDSUL]H So will she.
7KH\KDYH¿QLVKHGWKHLUKRPHZRUN So have they.
6KHKDVWRJRWRWKHPXVHXP So does he/she.
7KH\KDYHOXQFKDW So do we.
+HVKRXOGVWXG\PRUH So should I.
'LVDJUHHLQJZLWKVRPHERG\
,DPQRWJRLQJWR%UD]LO Neither am I.
<RXGRQ¶WJRWRZRUNRQ6XQGD\V Neither do I
6KHKDVQ¶W¿QLVKHGKHUKRPHZRUN\HW Neither has he
+HZRQ¶WPDNHPLVWDNHV Nether will she.
7KH\GLGQ¶WJRWRWKHSDUW\\HVWHUGD\ Neither did we.
+HGRHVQ¶WKDYHWRJRWRWKHFRQFHUW Neither does he/she.
+HKDVQ¶WJRWDFDUHLWKHU Neither has she.
6KHFRXOGQ¶WKHOSPH Neither could I.

212
 &KDQJLQJIURP'LUHFWLQWR5HSRUWHG6SHHFK

'LUHFW6SHHFK ,QGLUHFW6SHHFK
3UHVHQW6LPSOH 3DVW6LPSOH
6KHVDLG³,watch79´
7KHVWXGHQWVVDLG“We love
Azerbaijani literature very much.”
 6KHVDLG“Samad Vurghun’s
dramas are very popular.”
3UHVHQW&RQWLQXRXV
6KHVDLGWKDWVKHwatched79
7KHVWXGHQWVVDLG(that)WKH\loved
$]HUEDLMDQLOLWHUDWXUHYHU\PXFK
6KHVDLG(that)6DPDG9XUJKXQ¶V
GUDPDVwereYHU\SRSXODU
3DVW&RQWLQXRXV
³,am watching79´ 6KHVDLGWKDWVKHwas watching79
3UHVHQW3HUIHFW 3DVW3HUIHFW
³,have watched79´ 6KHVDLGWKDWVKHhad watched79
3DVW6LPSOH 3DVW3HUIHFW

 “I watched TV.” 1. She said (that) she had watched79

2. The teacher said,“I checked all 2. The teacher said (that) she had
your tests yesterday.” checked all our tests the day before.

3DVW3HUIHFW 3DVW3HUIHFW
³,had watched79´ 6KHVDLGWKDWVKHhad watched79
ZLOO ZRXOG
³,¶ll watch79´ 6KHVDLGWKDWVKHwould watch79
FDQ FRXOG
³,can watch79´ 6KHVDLGWKDWVKHcould watch 79
PD\ PLJKW
³,may watch79´ 6KHVDLGWKDWVKHmight watch79
PXVW PXVW(prohibition)KDGWR(obligation)
³,must watch79´ 6KHVDLGWKDWVKHhad to watch79
KDYHWR KDGWR
³,have to watch79´ 6KHVDLGWKDWVKHhad to watch79

Note:would, could, should, might, ought toGRQRWFKDQJHLQ5HSRUWHG6SHHFK

213
 &KDQJLQJIURP'LUHFWLQWR5HSRUWHG6SHHFK
<HV1RTXHVWLRQV
From Quoted Speech Into Reported Speech
$GGWKHFRQMXQFWLYHZRUGifRUwhether EHIRUHUHSRUWLQJD<HV1R
TXHVWLRQ8VHVWDWHPHQWZRUGRUGHUSXWWKHVXEMHFWEHIRUHWKHYHUE$QREMHFWPH
\RXKLPKHUXVWKHPHWFFDQEHDGGHGDIWHUasked
Language Note:,IWKHaskSKUDVHLVLQWKHSUHVHQWWHQVHGRQ¶WIROORZWKHUXOHRI
VHTXHQFHRIWHQVHV.HHSWKHVDPHWHQVHVDVWKHRULJLQDOTXHVWLRQ
5HSRUWHGTXHVWLRQVDUHQRWUHDOTXHVWLRQVWKHZRUGRUGHULVWKHVDPHDVLQVWDWHPHQWV
‡6KHDVNVPHif,DPDVWXGHQW
‡6KHVD\V´$UH\RXDVWXGHQW"´
Not:She asks me if am I a student.)
‡+HDVNVmeLI,KDYHHYHUUHDGD
‡+HDVNV´+DYH\RXHYHUUHDGD
GHWHFWLYHERRN
GHWHFWLYHERRN"´
Not:+HDVNVPHLIKDYH,HYHUUHDGD
‡,said to/askedKHU
³:LOO\RXKDYHWLPHWRJRWR
VFKRRO"´
‡,said to/askedKHU
GHWHFWLYHERRN
‡,askedKHUif/whetherVKHZRXOGKDYH
WLPHWRJRWRVFKRRO
‡,askedKHUif/whether,FRXOGWDNH
³&DQ,WDNHFODVVHV"´ FODVVHVNot I said.
‡,said to/askedKHU ‡,askedKHUif/whetherVKHOLNHG
³'R\RXOLNHZDWFKLQJ¿OPV"´ ZDWFKLQJ¿OPV
‡6KHsaid to/askedPH ‡6KHaskedPHif/whetherP\PRWKHU
³'RHV\RXUPRWKHUDSSURYH"´ DSSURYHG
‡6KHsaid to/askedPH ‡6KHaskedPHif/whether,KDG
³'LG\RXUHFHLYHWKHDSSOLFDWLRQ"´ UHFHLYHGWKHDSSOLFDWLRQ
Note:%HFDUHIXOZLWKWKHDX[LOLDULHVGRGRHVGLG7KHDX[LOLDULHVGRGRHVGLGDUH
QHYHUXVHGLQ,QGLUHFWTXHVWLRQV
Language Note,QUHSRUWLQJDJHQHUDOWUXWKLWLVQRWQHFHVVDU\WRIROORZWKHUXOH
RIVHTXHQFHRIWHQVHV+HVDLG“The sun rises in the East and sets in the West”.
He said that the sun rises in the East and sets in the West.
6SHFLDO4XHVWLRQVLQ5HSRUWHG6SHHFK
7KHYHUEDVNLVPRVWFRPPRQO\XVHGWRUHSRUWTXHVWLRQVEXWI wonder DQG
I want to knowDUHVRPHWLPHVXVHGWRR$IWHU:K+RZTXHVWLRQVWKHTXHVWLRQ
ZRUGLVXVHGDVDFRQMXQFWLRQ
Note:5HPHPEHUWRFKDQJHWKHZRUGRUGHULQUHSRUWHGTXHVWLRQVWKHVXEMHFW
IROORZHGE\DYHUE7KHVDPHFKDQJHVLQZRUGRUGHUKDSSHQLQUHSRUWHGTXHVWLRQV
• She asks me when I’ll/we’ll go to
• She asks, “When will you go to
the cinema.
the cinema?”
Not: She asks me when shall I/we go
to the cinema.

214
 IRREGULAR VERBS
ʋ ,Q¿QLWLYH 3DVW6LPSOH 3DVW3DUWLFLSOH
 EORZ>EORX@ EOHZ>EOX@ EORZQ>EORXQ@
 EULQJ>EULƾ@ EURXJKW>EU‫ܧ‬W@ EURXJKW>EU‫ܧ‬W@
 FDWFK>N W‫@ݕ‬ FDXJKW>N‫ܧ‬W@ FDXJKW>N‫ܧ‬W@
 FKRRVH>W‫ݕ‬X]@ FKRVH>W‫ݕ‬ԥX]@ FKRVHQ>W‫ݕ‬ԥX]ԥQ@
 FRPH>N‫ݞ‬P@ FDPH>NHܼP@ FRPH>N‫ݞ‬P@
 GHDOZLWK>GLO@ GHDOW>GHOW@ GHDOW>GHOW@
 GUDZ>GU‫@ܧ‬ GUHZ>GUX@ GUDZQ>GU‫ܧ‬Q@
 IDOO>I‫ܧ‬O@ IHOO>IHO@ IDOOHQ>
I‫ܧ‬OԥQ@
 ¿QG>IDܼQG@ IRXQG>ID‫ݜ‬QG@ IRXQG>ID‫ݜ‬QG@
 IUHH]H>IUL]@ IUR]H>IURX]@ IUR]HQ>
IURX]ԥQ@
 JR>JRX@ ZHQW>ZHQW@ JRQH>J‫ܥ‬Q@
 JURZ>JURX@ JUHZ>JUX@ JURZQ>JURXQ@
 KDYH>K Y@ KDG>K G@ KDG>K G@
 KLGH>KDܼG@ KLG>KܼG@ KLGGHQ>KܼGQ@
 KLW>KܼW@ KLW>KܼW@ KLW>KܼW@
 KXUW>K‫ܮ‬W@ KXUW>K‫ܮ‬W@ KXUW>K‫ܮ‬W@
 NHHS>NLS@ NHSW>NHSW@ NHSW>NHSW@
 NQRZ>QRX@ NQHZ>QMX@ NQRZQ>QRXQ@
 OD\>OHܼ@ ODLG>OHܼG@ ODLG>OHܼG@
 OHDG>OLG@ OHG>OHG@ OHG>OHG@
 OHDYH>OLY@ OHIW>OHIW@ OHIW>OHIW@
 OLH>ODܼ@ OD\>OHܼ@ ODLQ>OHLQ@
 PDNH>PHܼN@ PDGH>PHܼG@ PDGH>PHܼG@
 PHHW>PLW@ PHW>PHW@ PHW>PHW@
 UHDG>ULG@ UHDG>UHG@ UHDG>UHG@
 ULGH>UDܼG@ URGH>URXG@ ULGGHQ>
UܼGQ@
 ULVH>UDܼ]@ URVH>URX]@ ULVHQ>
Uܼ]ԥQ@
 UXQ>U‫ݞ‬Q@ UDQ>U Q@ UXQ>U‫ݞ‬Q@
 VD\>VHܼ@ VDLG>VHG@ VDLG>VHG@
 VHH>VL@ VDZ>V‫@ܧ‬ VHHQ>VLQ@
 VHQG>VHQG@ VHQW>VHQW@ VHQW>VHQW@
 VKDNH>‫ݕ‬HܼN@ VKRRN>‫ݜݕ‬N@ VKDNHQ>
‫ݕ‬HܼNԥQ@
 VOHHS>VOLS@ VOHSW>VOHSW@ VOHSW>VOHSW@
 VSHDN>VSLN@ VSRNH>VSRXN@ VSRNHQ>
VSRXNԥQ@
 VSHQG>VSHQG@ VSHQW>VSHQW@ VSHQW>VSHQW@
 VWULNH>VWUDܼN@ VWUXFN>VWU‫ݞ‬N@ VWUXFN>VWU‫ݞ‬N@
 WDNH>WHܼN@ WRRN>W‫ݜ‬N@ WDNHQ>
WHܼNԥQ@
 WHDFK>WLW‫@ݕ‬ WDXJKW>W‫ܧ‬W@ WDXJKW>W‫ܧ‬W@
 WHOO>WHO@ WROG>WԥXOG@ WROG>WԥXOG@
 WKLQN>șܼƾN@ WKRXJKW>ș‫ܧ‬W@ WKRXJKW>ș‫ܧ‬W@

215
 Buraxılış məlumatı

ÈNGÈLÈS DÈLÈ 10
Ömumtÿhsil mÿktÿblÿrinin 10-cu sinfi ö÷ön
ingilis dili (ÿsas xarici dil)
fÿnni özrÿ dÿrslik

ÿrtib÷i heyÿt:

lÿr: Qûztamam Quliyeva,
Xalèdÿ Röstÿmova

Naøir Xÿlil Hÿsÿnoülu

Redaktor Nailÿ Baüûrova
Bÿdii redaktor Jalÿ Kÿrimli
Texniki redaktor Lÿsfÿt Talûbova
Korrektor Billurÿ ßlÿkbÿrova
Dizayner Tural Sÿfiyev

Azÿrbaycan Respublikasû Tÿhsil Nazirliyinin qrif nþmrÿsi: 2017-128

© Azÿrbaycan Respublikasû Tÿhsil Nazirliyi – 2018.

Möÿlliflik höquqlarû qorunur. Xösusi icazÿ olmadan bu nÿøri vÿ

yaxud onun hÿr hansû hissÿsini yenidÿn ÷ap etdirmÿk, surÿtini
÷ûxarmaq, elektron informasiya vasitÿlÿri ilÿ yaymaq qanuna ziddir.

 

 13,5. F  70100 1/16.
Sÿhifÿ sayû 216. Ofset kaüûzû. Jurnal qarnituru. Ofset ÷apû.
 13800. Pulsuz. Bakû – 2018.

“KÞVSßR” NßØRÈYYATI
Bakû, AZ 1010, Dilarÿ ßliyeva kö÷., 251A/8A