LMA) ဂျူး မြစ်တို့၏မာယာ

&o pHkv ifpmt kyfpif - jrpfw dkY\ rm, m *sL;
1
*sL;
jrpfwkdU\rm,m
'kwd,tBudrf?
1998-ckeSpf? Edk0ifbmv?
rsufESmzHk;yef;csD ydkydk
-
-
2
þ0wÅKudk zefwD;&mwGif atmufygyk*¾dKvfrsm;\ tultnDrygbJ

rnfokdUrQ rNzpfEdkifyg/
xkdUaMumifh
(1) a':,Of,OfxGef; (r[m0dZÆm)

jrefrmpmXme? a&eHacsmif;aumvdyf/
(2) a':cifpef;wifh (r[m0dZÆm)

(3) OD;atmifapm0if; (r[m0dZÆm)

jrefrmpmXme? rEÅav;wuúodkvf/
(4) OD;axG;pdef? udkcifarmifat; (&mr,Gef;xnfvkyfief;)

udkcifarmifaZmf (Nrefrmh[dkw,fESihf c&D;oGm;Xme)
rdom;pk? yk*HNrdKU/
(5) udkNrihfatmif (MunhfNrifwkdifNrdKUe,f)

wdkYtm; txl; aus;Zl;wifygonf/
3
To Leslie
in loving memories
4
tcef; (1)
þtNzpftysufrsm;tm;vHk; 1987 ckESpfwGif rEÅav;wuúodkvf

NrefrmpmXmeü pwifNrpfzsm;cHcJh\/
t"duw&m;cHrSm Nrefrmpmr[m0dZÆmbGJU,lusrf;acgif;pOfrsm;
Nzpfonf/
auoDonf usrf;acgif;pOfESihf ywfoufí yxrOD;qHk; xdk;ESuf
csufudk usrf;acgif;pOfrsm; a&G;cs,fpkpnf;aepOfuwnf;u
trSwfxifxif cHcJh&avonf/
olronf txufwef;ausmif;olb0rSmuwnf;u Nrefrmpmudk
tvGefpdwf0ifpm;cJhol Nzpfonf/ Nrefrmpmay orkdif;aMumif;udkvnf;
tawmftwef pdwf0ifpm;cJhonf/ xkdUaMumihfvnf; taNccHynm
txufwef; atmifNrifNyD;aomtcg t*FvdyfpmeSihf ocsFm*kPfxl;&yg
vsuf Nrefrmpmt"dubmomudk udk,fydkifqHk;NzufcsufNzihf a&G;cs,fcJh
ol Nzpfonf/
Nrefrmpm t"duausmif;olb0 a&mufaomtcg Nrefrmausmuf
pmudk pdwfyg0ifpm;cJhonf/ xkdUaemuf r[m0dZÆmwef;a&mufonftxd
auoD pdwft0ifpm;qHk; NrefrmpmtrsdK;tpm;rSm ausmufpmom NzpfcJh
onf/ xkdUaMumihfvnf; ol\ r[m0dZÆmbGJU,lusrf;acgif;pOf eSpfck
pvHk;wGif ausmufpmudk vdyfNymoefUpGm a&G;cs,fcJhonf/
]vdyfNymoefUpGm ....} xkdpum;onf auoDhtwGuf tvGefta&;
BuD;aom pum;vHk;NzpfcJhygonf/
auoDwkdU NrefrmpmwGif tvSbk&ifrbGJU&aom rDrDcif[lonfh
5
twef;azmfwpfOD;u olrudk pum;wif;qkdonfh tcsdeftxd olwkdU
wefzdk;xm; pdwf0ifpm;aom q&mOD;&efekdifudk usrf;acgif;pOfrsm;ESihf
,SOfwGJí rNrifa,mifcJhrdyg/
]]igwkdUNzihf q&mOD;&efekdifudk &if;eDS;csif&HkeJUawmh 'Davmufysif;zdkU
aumif;wJh ausmufpmudk oD;qpf(pf) rwifekdifbl;a[h odvm;}}
rDrDcif aNymonfqdkaom xkdpum;udk auoDhqD o,faqmifvm
olu auoDeSihf cHkeHywfcsif;uyfvsuf at;at;oG,f Nzpfonf/
xkdpum;udk NyefMum;vdkuf&aomtcg olr rarQmfvihfbJ &Suf
aoG;rTefum a'gyGoGm;cJh\/
]]bmNzpfvdkU ol ighudk tJhvdkaNymcsif&wmvJ [if at;oG,f}}
olr pdwfxdcdkuf &Suf&GHpGm? em;rvnfpGm at;at;oG,fudk ar;rd
awmh oli,fcsif;u cyfayhgayhg&,farmavonf/
]]eifuvJ rodbl;vm;? tJ'g eifhudk olremvdkvdkUaygh}}
olr ydkíyif em;rvnfekdifatmif Nzpf&Nyefavonf/
]]bmNzpfvdkU remvdk&rSmvJ}}
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aygufu vSaevdkUom? rsufeSmusyHku eifhvdk vSwm r[kwfbl;? eif
urS rsufESmav;u tNypfuif;uif;uav; vSwmodvm;/ eihf rsuf
eSmuav;udk Munfhvkduf&ifav &ifxJudk at;oGm;wmyJ odvm;}}
]]tdk ....}}
auoD cufcJpGm NyHK;vdkuf&if; vufzsm;rsm;Nzihf yg;eSpfbufudk
tomt,m yGwfoyfvdkufawmhonf/ wu,fvnf; auoDonf
tNypfuif;pGm cspfpzG,fvSyolNzpfonf/
olrudk &kwfw&uf NrifvdkufvQif NzLoG,fNrihfrm;aom
udk,fcE¨mudk yxrqHk; owdNyKrdMuonf/ xkdUaemuf &Tef;vJh 0dkif;puf
aom rsuf0ef;eufeufrsm;? xkdUaemuf tenf;i,fav;axmihf yHkpHus
6
onhf ar;&dk;rsm;Nzihf 0ef;&Hxm;aom rsufeSmcyfoG,foG,f? xkdUaemuf
aNyNypfaom uBuD;yHkezl;\tv,frS qHnGefUcRefcRefuav;? xkdUaemuf
tpOftNrJ wnfwHh £aNE´&BuD;aom eIwfcrf;pdkpdkuav;rsm;/
olr\ rsuf0ef;rsm;onf a,muFsm;wpfa,mufudk &if;eSD;uRrf;
0if&ef tvGef0efav;rnfhyHkpHNzpfonf/ cdkifrmaomar;&dk;rsm;u acgif;
rmpGm wpfZGwfxdk;ekdifrnhfyHkNzpfaomfvnf; tenf;i,fazmif; <uaom
EIwfcrf;rsm;url trSefw&m;udk cspfNrwfekd;onhf rdef;uav;wpf
a,muf NzpfekdifaMumif; axmufcHvsuf&Sdonf/
]]aemufNyD; rDrDcifu eifhavmufvJ pmawmfwm r[kwfbl;?
q&mhOD;pm;ay; pm&if;xJrSmvJ yxrae&mrSm r[kwfbl;? 'Dawmh ol
eihfudk remvdkvdkU 'Dpum;rsdK; yGihftefxGufvmwm[}}
at;at;oG,f &Sif;Nyonfudk auoD r,HkekdifpGm acgif;cg,rf;
vdkuf\/
q&mhOD;pm;ay; pm&if;xJvnf; olu yxrae&mrSm r[kwfbl;
wJh/
'gNzihf q&mhOD;pm;ay;pm&if;xJwGif rnfolu yxrae&mü
&Sdaeygonf[k at;at;oG,f ,lqygvdrfh/ xkdar;cGef;udk auoD
rar;yg/ ar;&ef roihfawmfbl;[k xifonf/
auoDh pdwftxifawmh rDrDcifonf q&mOD;&efEkdif\ OD;pm;ay;
pm&if;xJwGif yxrae&mü &Sdaeygonf/q&mOD;&efekdifeSifh rDrDcif\
tpfudkrSm oli,fcsif;rsm;NzpfMuonfwJh/ rDrDcifeSihf q&muvnf; cif
rif&if;pGJ &SdcJhonfwJh/ rDrDcifu pmoifcef;tNyifbufwGif q&mhudk
]udkudkEdkif} [kac:wwfonfwJh/ b,fausmif;olrqkd ]r}wwfíemrnf
tNynhftpHkac:wwfaom? q&mr i,fi,fuav;rsm;udkyifvQif ]a':}
wyfí emrnftNynhftpHk ac:avh&Sdaom q&mOD;&efekdifonf rDrDcifukd
awmh ]rD}[k wpfcgwpf&H ac:wwfonfwJh/ olr owif;Mum;NyD;ygNyD/
7
odkUaomf auhoD pdwfxJvnf; q&mOD;&efekdifudk rdrdxuf &mxl;
Nrihfaom av;pm;zG,f q&mwpfOD;tNzpfrSwpfyg; wpfcgrQ pdwfvdk
vuf& rawG;rdbl;cJh/ q&mtaMumif;udkvnf; pdwf0ifwpm; wpfcgrQ
rpHkprf;cJhbl;wm aocsmygonf/ 'geSihfrsm;awmif bmNzpfvkdU q&m
OD;&efekdifudk auoDu &if;eSD;csifonf[k rDrDcifu aumufcsufcsyg
ovJ/
q&mOD;&efekdifonf auoDwkdY NrefrmpmXmewGifomru rEÅav;
wuúodkvf wpfckvHk;wGif &kyf&nf acsmarm wnfMunfqHk;a,mufsm;
wpfOD;Nzpfonfudk rnfonfh ausmif;olrQ rNiif;ekdifyg/ auoDvnf;
rjiif;yg/
olonf t&yfredrfhrNrifh? ndkpdrfhpdrfh pdkí0if;aeaom tom;ta&
&Sdonf/ qHyifu q&mwpfa,muftaeeSihf &Snfrvdkxif&aomfvnf;
yg;vsm;aysmhaNymif;aom qHyifndKndKonf q&mh&kyf&nfudk &ifhusuf
roGm;apekdifcJhyg/rsufcHk;uawmh tenf;i,f yg;vsm;ao;rQifcsifonf/
rsufawmifaumhrsm; 0ef;&Hxm;aom rsufvHk;rsm;u tvsm;
enf;enf;&SnfNyD; eufarSmif pl;&Saeavh &Sdonf/ eSmwHu aNzmifhpif;
NyD; cRefonf/ Oa&mywkdif;om;rsm;\ eSmwHrsdK;Nzpf\/ eIwfcrf;u
awmh q&mhwpfrsufeSmvHk;rSm tvSyqHk;Nzpfonf/ yg;vSyfum yHkyef;
usaomfvn;f eDaxG;vSyvGef;aomaMumihf q&mhtNyHK;rSm wpfcgwpf&H
rdef;racsmwpfa,muf\ tNyHK;vSvSESihf wlcsifcsif/ odkUaomf vSyaom
eIwfcrf;onfvnf;aumif;? oG,fcRef;aom arhaphonfvnf;aumif;
q&m\a,muFsm;yDoaom £aNEúdk rzsufqD;edkifacs/
q&mOD;&efekdif aNymif;vmcgpu auoDu wwd,ESpf*kPfxl;

wef;ausmif;ol Nzpfonf/ yifrwuúodkvf? NrefrmpmXmea&SUwGif
ausmif;olawG rodrom NzwfoGm;wkdif; q&mhudk acsmif;Munhfavh&Sd
8
aMumif; oli,fcsif;rsm;u today;cJhpOfu olr rtHhMocJhyg/ q&m
&kyf&nfacsmarm wnfMunfwma&m? taetxkdif £aNE´&wma&m
auoD owdxm;rdom;yJ/q&mwpfOD;taeeSihf txifvnf;BuD;rdom;
yJ/ odkUaomf auoDonf a,mufsm;rsm;pGm\ a,mufsm;tNzpf wnf&Sd
Ncif;ukd owdrrl wwfolom Nzpfonf/ xkdUaMumihfvnf; q&mhudk
a,mufsm;tNzpfxuf q&mtNzpfomNrifrdNyD; av;pm;&Hk av;pm;cJh
rdNcif;udk bk&m;tqlql\a&SUrSm usdefwG,f aNym&JcJhygonf/
xkdUaMumihfvnf; olr\ usrf;acgif;pOfudk &Suf&GHUpGm aNymif;vJ
ypfzdkU pdwfrul;cJh/ acgif;rmpGmyif wif;cHvsuf ,cifuxufyif
qHk;Nzwfcsuf ydkrdkckdifrmvmcJhonf/
þusrf;acgif;pOfrsm;udk ra&G;cs,frD txufxufu q&mq&mr
rsm;\ usrf;pmtkyf pm&if;rsm;udk &SmazGpdppfNyD;? pOf;pm;NyD;rSqHk;Nzwf
cJh&Ncif; Nzpfygonf/ ausmufpmeSihf ywfoufí usrf;rsm;NyKpkcJhaom
pm&if;rsm;rSm odyfrsm;rsm;pm;pm; r&Sdyg/ OD;0if;armif\ yk*Hacwf
ausmufpm pum;aNy? a':cifNyHK;\ a&S;acwf Nrefrmausmufpmrsm;
avhvmcsuf? a':oef;oef;\ yk*Hacwfausmufpmvm pum;aNyta&;
tom; (bmomaA' avhvmcsuf)? a':oef;oef;OD;\ yk*Hacwf
ausmufpmvm Bud,myk'frsm; (uspGmrif; trdefUawmf Nyefwrf;
bmomaA')/ OD;&efekdif\ yk*Hacwfausmufpmrsm;\ Asnf;ESifho&
(bmomaA' avhvmcsuf)/ a':pef;pef;Nrihf\ Nruef rGefausmufpm
\ 0guszGJUyHk ......./
þpm&if;udkMunhfNyD;rS olr\ usrf;acgif;pOfrsm;udk a&G;cs,f,l
cJhonf/
yxrOD;pm;ay; &mZukrm&fausmufpm? 'kwd,OD;pm;ay; yk*H
acwfOD;ESifh acwfv,fydkif; ausmufpmrsm; avhvmcsuf? wwd,
OD;pm;ay; yk*Hacwf rifpmpum;aNy ta&;tom; avhvmcsuf/
9
auoD\usrf;acgif;pOfukd OD;pm;ay;tNzpf &mZukrm&fausmuf
pmudk a&G;cs,f pDpOfxm;aMumif; q&mOD;&efekdif wpfenf;enf;eSifh od
oGm;aomaeUu q&mOD;&efekdif olrudkMunhfaom rsufvHk;rsm;ukd
b,fawmhrS arhekdifawmhrnf rxifyg/
]]a':auoD &mZukrm&fausmufpmudk yxrOD;pm;ay;wifrvkdYqdk}}
q&mhrsufvHk;rsm;rSm teufa&mifNzpfNyD; rnf;eufaom rsufawmif
aumhrsm;Nzihf tem;uGyfxm;aomtcg pdwfudk azmufxGif; Munhf&I
wwfaom rsufvHk;rsm; NzpfoGm;avh&Sdonf/ xkdaeUu q&mhrsufvHk;rSm
auoDhudk tenf;i,f oa&mfvkdaom txifao; rsufvHk;rsm;[k
xifNrif &\/
'gNzihf rDrDcif vlwumudkavQmufaNymaom pum;wif;wkdUudk
wpfqihfpum; wpfqihfem;Nzihf q&m Mum;odNyD;Nzpfvdrfhrnf/
okdYr[kwf rDrDcifudk,fwkdifyif q&mhudk csOf;uyfum &,fyGJzGJUovdk
pum;qkdNyD; Nzpfayvdrfhrnf/
]][kwfygw,f q&m}}
olr wtHhwMoaNz&if; q&mha&SUwGif av;pm;orINzihf rwfwwf
&yfvdkuf&onf/
]]uRefawmfh txifawmh &mZukrm&fausmufpmudk rwifoihfbl;
vkdU xifw,f? abmifusOf;vGef;w,fvdkU a':auoD rxifbl;vm;}}
q&mhpum;rSm apwemu ydkrsm;ovm;? txifao;rIu ydkrsm;
ovm; auoD ra0cGJwwfacs/
]]usOf;awmh usOf;ygw,f q&m? 'gayr,fh taMumif;t&mydkif;
eJUta&;tom;ydkif;eSpfck cGJvdkuf&ifawmh enf;enf;ydkus,f0ef;vmrvm;
vdkUyg}}
q&mu acgif;cg,rf;onf/
]]uRefawmfawmh tJ'g[m wrf;(rf)ayygavmufeJUyJ oihfawmf
10
r,fvdkU xifwmyJav/ a':auoD rmwdum tusOf;awG bmawGpDpOf
tcef;cGJNyD;om;vm;}}
]][kwfuJh}}
]]uRefawmf Munhfay;vdkU &rvm;}}
olr tenf;i,f tHhMovsuf ][m &ygw,fq&m}[kaNzvsuf
vufayGUtdwf tBuD;BuD;xJrS vufESdyfpuf r&dkuf&ao;aom pm&Guf
rsm;udk q&mhxH vSrf;ay;vdkufonf/ q&mu vSrf;,lvsuf auoDh
pm;yGJa&SUwGif 0ifxkdifum wpf&Gufcsif;\ wpfaMumif;csif;udk pdwf0if
pm;pGm Munhfawmhonf/ auoDh vufa&;uav;rsm;u a,mufsm;
vufa&;vdk cyfapmif;apmif; cyfaomhaomhNzpfonf/
tqkdNyKusrf;acgif;pOf &mZukrm&fausmufpm
wifoGif;ol trnf rauoD
cHkeHywf r( ) (r[m0dZÆmaemufqHk;eSpf)
ynmoifESpf 1986-87
&nf&G,fcsuf &mZmukrm&fausmufpm\t&nf
taoG;udk qef;ppfwifNy&ef
tusdK;aus;Zl; yk*HacwfOD;\vlrIa&;?,Ofaus;rI?
omoema&;udk avhvmekdifonfh
tNyif? yk*HacwfOD;\ pum;aNy
ta&; tom;ukd bmom pum;
av;rsdK;Nzihfqef;ppfavhvmekdif
onf/
11
rmwdumtusOf;
ed'gef;
tcef;(1) taMumif;t&mydkif; avhvmcsuf
1 :1 omoema&;
1 :1 :1 aumif;rINyKyHk
1 :1 :2 aumif;rINyKaom &nf&G,fcsuf
1 :1 :3 &[ef;awmf avmu
1 :1 :4 bmoma&; ,HkMunfcsuf
1 :2 vlrIa&;
1 :2 :1 uRef vlwef;pm;
tcef;(2) ta&;tom;ydkif; wifNycsuf
2 :1 Nrefrm pum;ajy
2 :2 rGef pum;ajy
2 :3 ygVdpum;ajy
2 :4 ysLpum;ajy
ed*Hk;
aemufqufwGJ
(u) ausmufpmawGU&Sdxdef;odrf;xm;yHk
(c) tu©&myHkrSwfcsuf
(*) acwfopfNrefrmtu©&mNyef
(C) acwfopfNrefrm pmvHk;aygif;Nyefusrf;udk;pm&if;
12
q&mu yxr OD;pm;ay; usrf;pm&Gufukd zwftNyD;wGif auoDh
udk armhMunhf\/ auoD ,ckwkdif rwfwwf&yfqJNzpfaMumif; Nrif&
aomtcg vuf[efNyvsuf xkdifckdif;avonf/
]]ESaNrmp&myJ}} [kcyfwkd;wkd; a&&Gwfonf/
]]&Sif}}
olr em;rvnfvdkufyg/
q&mu olrukd rsufcHk;yifhMunfh\/
]]aMomf ... 'Davmuf BudK;pm;NyD; pkaqmif;vmcJh&wJh vkyftm;awG
udk eSaNrmp&myJvkdU aNymwmyg/ bmNzpfvkdUvJqkdawmh 'Dusrf;acgif;
pOfukd y,fMurSmrkdUaygh}}
olr pdwfxJrS cHNyif;pGmNzihf NyHK;vdkufonf/
]]&ygw,fq&m? 'Dausmufpmukd uRefr odyfoHa,mZOf
wG,fxm;wm q&m&JU? wifawmh wifMunhfcsifw,f}}
]]ysLpum;aNyudk a':auoD b,favmufus,fus,f NyefUNyefU
aqG;aEG;ekdifr,fvdkU xifovJ}}
auoDonf q&mhudk cyfai;ai;Munhfí acgif;,rf;rdonf/
]]uRefr aqG;aEG;rSmu ysLpum;aNytm;vHk; r[kwfygbl; q&m?
&mZukrm&fausmufpm ysLpmrsufeSm a&;xkd;xm;wJh pum;aNywpfck
wnf;yg}}
q&mu pdwftm;xufoefvSaom auoDhudk pdwfraumif;ovdk
NyHK;Ny\/
]][kwfNyDav uRefawmfwkdY odoavmuf t&SnfqHk; ysLpum;aNyu
vnf; 'gyJr[kwfvm;/ tJ'Dausmufpmudk taNccHNyD; a'gufwm
bvuf(*f)'if owfrSwfcJhwmu ysLpum;vHk; 100 avmufyJr[kwf
vm;}}
]]tm;vHk;aygif; ysLpum;vHk; 116 vHk;awGUxm;ygw,f q&m}}
13
q&mu ycHk;wGefUNyonf/
]]xm;ygawmh rGefpum;aNyusawmha&m? a':auoD bmawG
xnhfaqG;aEG;rSmvJ}}
q&m[m uRefrudk awmfawmf txifao;wmygyJvm;/
]]rGefpum;aNyrSm yxrqHk; Asnf; 35vHk;eJU o&12vHk;udk t&if

&Sif;NyrSmyg q&m? NyD;awmh ,SOf Asnf;awG? towfawGeJU a0g[m&
awGudkavhvmNyrSmayhg q&m? a0g[m& wpfckcsif;&JU teuft"dyÜm,f
tJ'Dpum;&JUacwf rGefa0g[m& toHk;teIef;? aemufNyD; aNymif;oHk;
pepfawG? &if;NrpfawG? pum;pdwf? pum;aygif;oufa&muf teuf
awG tJ'gawGudk avhvmNyrSmaygh q&m}}
q&m acgif;wpfcsufqwfí todtrSwf NyKygonf/
xkdUaemuf eIwfcrf;axmifhpGef;av;rsm; auG;nGwfoGm;&Hk oa&mf

NyKH;uav; wpfcsufNyHK;onf/
]]uRefawmfu ausmufpm pdwf0ifpm;ol tcsif;csif; &dkif;yif;ul
nDwJhtaeeJU aqG;aEG;Munhfwmyg/ a':auoDudk uRefawmf wwfEdkif
oavmuf ulnDcsifygw,f}}
]][kwfuJh uRefr aus;Zl;wifygw,f q&m}}
'gayr,hf q&mhtNyHK;uawmh ulnDwJhtNyHK;rsdK; r[kwfygbJvm;
q&m/
xdkUaemuf q&mu auoD\ pm&if;rS 'kwd,OD;pm;ay;usrf;
acgif;pOfudk zwfonf/
14
tqdkNyKusrf;acgif;pOf yk*HacwfOD;eSihfacwfv,fydkif;ausmufpmrsm;
avhvmcsuf/(ausmufpm 15 csyf)
&nf&G,fcsuf yk*Hausmufpmrsm;udk avhvmNcif;Nzihf

NrefrmwkdU\ vlrIa&;?,Ofaus;rI?pum;ajy
ta&;tom; tqihfqihf wdk;wuf
ajymif;vJvmyHkudk avhvm qef;ppf&ef/
tusdK;aus;Zl;(1) ausmufpmonf pmaytaNccHtkwfNrpf
tNzpf toHk;0ifaMumif;
tusdK;aus;Zl; (2) pmvHk;aygif; owfyHkeSihfpyfvsOf;í tzdk;
wefaMumif;
tusdK;aus;Zl; (3) &mZ0ifa&;&mtwGuf toHk;0ifaMumif;
tusdK;aus;Zl; (4) a0g[m& Nzpfay: xGef;um;vmyHk
tusdK;aus;Zl; (5) 0gpwÅ&aA' odkUr[kwf pum;vHk;u
toHaNymif;yHk ponfwkdUukdavhvmod&Sd
ekdifygonf/
rmwdumtusOf;
ed'gef;

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vlrIa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&; acgif;pOfrsm;udk q&mu rsufpda0hMunhf&HkMunhf
15
oGm;\/
]]a':auoD w&m;pD&ifa&;udk tkyfcsKyfa&; acgif;pOfatmufrSm
xnhfygvm;? 'DrmwdumxJrSmawmh w&m;pD&ifa&; rygygvm;}}
auoD q&mhudk av;pm;csD;lusL;vdkpdwfNzifh armhMunhfum trSm;
udk 0efcHvdkuf\/
]][kwfuJh q&m? uRefr arhoGm;ygw,f/ acgif;pOfoyfoyfeJU
tcef; ao;ao;wpfck xyfcGJNyD; xnhfvdkufyghr,f}}
q&mu acgif;wpfcsufndwfum auoDhpm&Gufudk iHkUMunhf vdkuf
onf/
tcef; (2) ta&;tom;ydkif; avhvmcsuf
2 :1 pmvHk;aygif;avhvmcsuf
2 :2 a0g[m&avhvmcsuf
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2 :2 :2 vHk;wGJemrf
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2 :2 :5 ygVdrS toGifaNymif;vmaom a0g[m&rsm;
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2 :3 :1 0gus &dk;&dk;
3 :3 :2 0gus aygif;
2 :3 :3 0gu>yrf;
2 :4 pum;aNya&;[ef avhvmcsuf
2 :5 emr0daooe toHk;
2 :6 Bud,m0daooe toHk;
16
q&mu auoDhpm&if;tm;vHk;udk zwfNyD; tenf;i,f NyHK;vm
onf/
]]'Dusrf;acgif;pOfeJU ywfoufNyD; a':auoDhrSm csdKU,Gif;csuf r&Sd
ygbl;/ bkdifAvD,kd*&yfzDrSmawmh enf;enf; nHhoGm;w,feJUwlw,f}}
]]bmrsm;ygvdrfh q&m}}
q&mu auohDrsufvHk;rsm;udk wnhfwnhfrMunhfbJ qHcsnfrQif
wpfprS r&Sdaom aNymifxif;onfhezl;Nyifudkom MunfhíaNym\/
]]emrnf tpDtpOfav? OD;ukvm;eJU ykyÜg;OD;ausmf&ifa&SUaemuf
vGJaew,f}}
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yg}}
q&mu tenf;i,f oa&mfcsif[ef pGufaom tNyHK;Nzihf
]aumif;ygNyD aumif;ygNyD} [k qkdonf/
]]'gqkd&if 'DxJutwkdif; r[kwfbl;aygh/ NyD;wmygyJ/ awmfMum
OD;zdk;vwfudk OD;azarmifwif&JU a&SUrSm oGm;xm;rdOD;r,f? *&kpdkufNyD;
Nyifay;vdkufOD;? obmywdtaMumif;vJ a':auoD odvsufom;eJU}}
q&m[m vlwpfzufom;udk tNypfvdkuf&SmwJhae&mrSmawmh odyf
awmfr,hf yHkyJ/
q&monf auoD\ wwd,OD;pm;ay; usrf;acgif;pOfudkawmh
cPom vSefMunhfavonf/ cPav; Munhfvdkufwmawmif q&m
u csdKU,Gif;csufudk awGUNzpfatmif awGUoGm;ao;\/
]]a':auoD avmuxdyfyef rifpma&m orÇLvrifpma&mqkd&if
rrsm;vGef;bl;vm;}}
]][kwfuJh rsm;awmh rsm;ygw,f 'gayr,hf ....}}
q&mu auoDhpum;udk Nzwfvsuf ]udpör&Sdygbl;av/q&mBuD;
17
awG&JU rSwfcsufudk apmihfMunhfMuao;wmaygh} [k cyfNrefNrefaNym
onf/ xkdUaemuf xkdif&mrS x&yfonf/
]]uRefawmf xifwmawmh 'kwd,OD;pm;ay;udk csay;vdrfhr,feJU
wlw,f}}
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oGm;awmhonf/
Zlvkdifvqef;ydkif;rSmawmh q&mOD;&efekdif edrdwfzwfonfhtwkdif;
NzpfvmcJhonf/
usrf;acgif;pOfudk pDppfa&;tzGJUrS auoDwkdUudk wpfOD;csif;ac:,l
awGUqHkaomaeUrSm q&mOD;&efedkifeSihf auoDpum;tenf;i,f aNym
NzpfMuonf/
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vmeIwfqufonf/
]]b,fheS,fvJ a':auoD}}
auoD q&mhudk cyfEGrf;EGrf;uav; NyHK;Nyvdkuf\/
]]q&mxifwJhtwkdif; NzpfvmwmyJq&m? &mZukrm&fausmufpmudk
usOf;vGef;vdkUqkdwJh a0zefcsufeJU? yk*Hacwf rifpmpum;aNyusawmh
rsm;vGef;vdkUqdkwJh a0zefcsufeJU y,fvdkufw,fav}}
]]'gNzihf ....}}
]]q&maNymovdkyJ 'kwd, OD;pm;ay;csay;vdkufygw,f}}
q&mu igraNymbl;vm; [laom trlt&mrsdK; vHk;0rNybJ cyf
wnfwnf pl;pkduftMunhfNzihfom auoDhudk Munhfonf/
]]a':auoD vdktyfwJh tultnDawGudk uREfawmfhudk tm;rem
bJaNymekdifygw,f/ uRefawmf yk*Hausmufpm avhvmcsufusrf;twGuf
tppt&m&m ulnDzkdUtqifoihfygyJ}}
olr wtHhwMo NyHK;&,fNyvdkufavonf/
18
]][kwfuJh aus;Zl;wifygw,f q&m}}
þodkUNzihf vufaxmufuxdu q&mOD;&efekdifonf auoD\
yk*Hausmufpm avhvmcsufusrf;twGuf w&m;0ifcefUxm;Ncif;r[kwf
aomvufaxmufBuD;Muyfol odkUr[kwf vrf;nTefulnDolwpfa,muf
NzpfvmcJhawmhonf/
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19
tcef; ESpf
tppt&m&m pepfwus NyKvkyfwwfyHk&aom q&m OD;&efekdif

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auoDNyKpk&rnfh usrf;eSihfywfouforQ tao;tzGJurStp pDpOfnTef
Bum;ay;cJhonf/
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q&mrBuD;u pnf;urf;pepfBuD;olNzpfNyD; tppudk pdwfwkdif;us
zdkUawmfawmfcufcJolNzpfí ausmif;oltrsm; &kdaoaMumuf&GHU&olvnf;
Nzpfonf/ odkUaomf auoDhtwGufuawmh Nyóemr&Sdyg/ q&mOD;&ef
ekdif txyfxyf nTefMum;onfhtwkdif; olr avhvma&;om;onfNzpfí
q&mrBuD; pdwfwkdif; ruszG,f&m tcsuftvuf[lí r&Sdoavmuf
Nzpfonf/
q&muvnf; olrtm; usrf;OD;ydkif;? usrf;pmudk,fydkif;? usrf;
aemufydkif; cGJNcm;yHkutp pDpOfnTefMum;cJholNzpfonf/
]]usrf;OD;ydkif;rSm wdkufw,fvfayh(*sf)yg&r,f? aemufwpfrsufeSm
rSm wifoGif;ol? wuúodkvftrnf yg&r,f/ aemufwpfrsufeSmrSm
aus;Zl;wifvTm yg&r,f? aemufwpfrsufeSmrSm y&Dazh(pf)ayhg tcsD;yg
&r,f? aemufNyD;rS rmwdum vmr,f/ tJ'D rmwdumxJrSmawmh a':
auoD&JUusrf;eJUoufqkdifwJh a0g[m& &Sif;vif;csufwkdU bmwkdYxnhf
&rSmayhg}}
20
q&mUudk olr armhMunhfNyD; rauseyfcsufudk vTwfceJaNymrdoGm;
awmhonf/
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q&mu pl;&Saom rsuf0ef;eufrsm;Nzihf olrudk pl;pdkufMunhfNyD;
tvG,fwulyif acgif;ndwfvdkufonf/
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w,f}}
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]]'geJUq&m usrf;aemufydkif;pDpOfwJhtcgusawmh usrf;udk;pm&if;
uawmh &Sif;ygw,f/ rSwfpkwkduav;awGusawmh uRefr b,fyHkpHeJU
xnhf&rvJ q&m/ aemufqufwGJrSwfpk (end notes) eJUoHk;&rvm;?
atmufaNcrSwfpk (foot notes) eJU oHk;&rvm;}}
q&mu apmapmu &,fvdkufolrSm ol r[kwfovdkyif rsufeSm
csufcsif; wnfwHhvsuf acgif;wpfcsuf ndwfonf/
]]'guawmh a&;&if;rS odrSmyJ? b,fvdkoHk;&if udk,hf&JUpmudk zwf
&wJholvG,fvG,fululNzpfrvJqkdwJh tcsufay:rSmrlwnfwmyJ r[kwf
bl;vm;}}
]][kwfuJh q&m}}
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ausmufpmudk y,fzsufí wkdif;cRwfbk&m; ausmufpmudk tpm;xdk;
ckdif;onfrSvGJNyD; wNcm; tpDtpOfaNymif;zkdU q&m rwkdufwGef;cJhay/
]]ebJawmeJUpm&if wkdif;cRwfbk&m; ausmufpmu u@ykdpHkw,f}}
[laom taMumif;Nycsufudk q&m ay;onf/
21
auoDuawmh q&mhudk txifBuD;vufp&SdolyDyD q&m\ oG,f
vsaomvufacsmif;rsm;udkom rodrom tuJcwfMunhfvsuftvG,f
wul acgif;ndwf vufcHcJhavonf/
]]yk*HacwfOD; ausmufpmxJu tapmqHk;ausmufpmawGtNzpf
ay:awmfrlbk&m; ausmufpmygr,f? awmifcpnfobif ausmufpmyg
r,f/ &mZukrm&fausmufpmygr,f/ 'gqkd vHkavmufNyDayhg rauoD?
ebJawm NzKwfvdkufvdkU bmrS rxdckdufekdifygbl;}}
]][kwfuJhq&m}}
q&mOD;&efekdifonf ay:awmfrlbk&m; ausmufpm wpfckwnf;udk
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Bum;NyocJhonf/
]]'DacwfrSm 0gusav;awG wkdNyD; &Sif;w,f/emr0daooe toHk;
awmfawmf &Sm;w,f}}
olr wwd,eSpf ausmif;olb0u oifcJh&aom þausmufpm
udk olr enf;enf;yif arhaeNyD/
]]paom pum;eJU 0guswkduav;awG zGJUxm;wm 11 aMumif;&Sd
w,f/ Oyrm .... odMum;paom? r[max&fpaom? rif;u paom
[kwfw,f r[kwfvm;/ aemufNyD; twkdif;tqNy emr0daooeNzpf
wJh wumqdkwJhpum;? Oyrm ... vlwum? owÅ0gwum?iSufwum}}
olronf q&mhpm;yGJwGif ar;axmufae&mrS udk,fudkrwfrwf
xkdifí t&dktao ay;,l&avmufatmif q&mh trlt&mu wnfNidrf
wif;rmae\/ q&mh tusÐvuf&Snf tNzLa&mifonf rJe,fyg;yg;qkd;
xm;[efNzihf tenf;i,f NymvJhvJhuav; Nzpfaeonf/ q&mu vlysdK
BuD;wJh/ rdbawGu ta0;rSmwJh?q&m[m olUt0wfudk udk,fwkdifavQmf
0wfavovm; rod/xdkodkY EdIufEdIufcRwfcRwf oGm;awG;NyD;udk,fhtawG;
22
udk,f oabmuspGm vSpfceJ NyHK;vkdufrdonf/ þtNyHK;ukdyif q&mu
NrifNzpfatmif Nrifvkdufonf/
q&m tenf;i,f rsufarSmif wGefUoGm;\/
]]uRefawmf aNymwJhpum;xJrSm bmoabmusp&mygvdkUvJ rau
oD}} [kar;avonf/
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at;oG,fudk vSnhfMunhfvkdufao;\/ at;at;oG,fu rsufeSmxm;
cyfwnfwnfNzihf u,fq,frnfhyHk ray:aomaMumihf auoD uref;
uwef; tMuHxkwfvdkuf&onf/
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armvdkufavonf/
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]]tif; ...b,favmufBuD;ovJqkdawmh ,lZemwpfaxmiftvsm;
&SdwJh ig;BuD;tmeE´mqkdawmh wpf,lZemrSm b,feSpfrdkif&SdovJ a':au
oD odvm;}}
]][ihftif; .... uRefr arhaew,f q&m}}
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i,fNyHK;um pm&GufBurf;wpfckwGif cswGufonf/ xkdUaemuf Nyefarmh
Munhfum aNymNy\/
23
]]12 rkdifausmfausmf 13rdkifeD;yg; &SdrSmayhg/ tJh'gwpf,lZem&JU
tvsm;av}}
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toHxGufíyif &,fvdkufavonf/
]]aMomf ... 'geJU rauoD? usrf;NyKpkwJhae&mrSm *Pef;eJU
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]][kwfuJh odygw,f q&m}}
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a&mufvmavh&Sd\/
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AdkufZma&m eSpfa,mufawmif}}
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wpfa,mufvkd tNyHK;rsdK;awGUNrifvdkuf&aomfvnf; rsufvHk;rsm;\
remvdkaom t&dyfta,mifukd rzHk;zdekdifyg/
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zdkUBudK;pm;&if; pum;udk vdkufavsmnDaxGNzpfatmif xdef;odrf;aNymae
&wwfonf/ þtvkyfrsdK;ukd olr tvGefrkef;wD;onf/
]]at;at;oG,f&,f rDrDcifu ighudkbmNzpfvkdU 'Davmuf&efpcsif
ae&wmvJ [if}}
at;at;oG,fuawmh xHk;pHtwkdif; ayghNyufNyuf &,farmwmyg
24
yJ/
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q&m[m q&mvkyfNyD; oa&mfzdkUoufoufr[kwfbJ apwemeJUyg igh
udk ulnDwmNzpfrSmyg/
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&Snfvuf&Snf nTef;ay;w,fav/ udk,fwkdif pkaqmif;ray;&Hk wrnf
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olukd,fwkdif pmtkyfawGxJuae rSwfpk xkwfay;csifOD;rSm [}}
at;at;oG,fu twnfayguf rsufeSmNzihfaNymNyD;rS cyf[uf
[uf &,farmonf/
auoD olrudk rsufapmif;xkd;vdkufrd\/
wu,fwrf; q&m\ ynmom;ygyg eSdrfhcsuJh&JUwmrsdK;usawmh
olwkdUodrSmr[kwf/ q&m\oa&mfawmfawmftNyHK;rsm;udkvnf; olwkdU
25
cHpm;&rSmr[kwf/ auoDhrSmom q&meSihfwpfcg aqG;aEG;wkdif; tod
ynmvnf;&vsuf rcHcsifpdwfrsm;yg&cJhavonf/
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tnTef;emr0daooe[laom acgif;pOfNzihf olr\ausmufpmrsm;
xJrS emr0daooersm; a&G;xkwfxm;onfudk q&mu ,líMunhf\/
þ? xdk? tMuif[laom emr0daooersm;udk zwfMunhf&if;u
q&mu tNypfwifNzpfatmifwif\/
]]rauoD yk*HacwfrSmawmif ]tMuif}ygwJh0gusaemufuae ]xkd}
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q&m ihgudk vufqGJEIwfqufcsifvmap&r,f/ xkdtawG;udk
26
at;at;oG,ftm; zGihfaNymawmh at;at;oG,fu &,farmum ]pdwf
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27
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28
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29
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30
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31
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eSihf ,ckvkd &if;eSD;pGm tat;qkdifxdkifzdkUqdkwmu NzpfawmihfNzpfcJh
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32
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&,farmaeNyefavonf/
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auoD tenf;i,f raewwfrxdkifwwf NzpfoGm;ygonf/ zefcGufxJ
u a&cJwHk;aygavmuav;rsm;udk pl;pkdufMunhf&if; vufzsm;rsm;yif
33
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34
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35
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36
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ao;bl;[k wpfqihfpum; wpfqihfem;Nzihf Mum;cJhonfudk trsm;enf;
wl rtHhMordwmawmh aocsmonf/ olU[mol tdrfaxmifNyKzdkU pdwful;
rygvkdUbJ NzpfrSmayhg/ b,fheS,f vlwpfa,muf[m xHk;wrf; tpOfvm
awG udk raoGznf&awmhbl;wJhvm;/
ararqkdvQif auoDcyfi,fi,f tv,fwef;ausmif;olb0u
wnf;u azaz aemuftdrfaxmifNyKoGm;uwnf;u wpfckvyfrdef;r
wpfOD;tNzpfaecJhwm ,aeUtxd/ ararhtem;rSm rnfonfha,muFsm;
rQ r&SdcJhyg/ olronfvnf; ararhxHrS a,muFsm;rsm;udk pdwfukefzG,f
&m pum;rsm;udk rMumcP Bum;cJh&aomaMumifhvm;rod?olr pdwf
0ifpm;ekdifavmufonfh a,muFsm;[lí wpfa,mufrQ r&SdcJhacs/
vGefcJhaom oHk;av;eSpf ausmif;olwpfa,mufb0uwnf;u
olrudk cspfNrwfekd;vSonfqkdaom ausmif;om;eSpfa,muf&SdcJhonf/
wpfa,mufu auoDwkdU NrefrmpmrSNzpfNyD; auoDhxuf wpfwef;BuD;
í ,ckawmh olausmif;NyD;í pD;yGm;a&;avmuxJ 0ifaeNyD/ auoD\
47
XmeokdU rMumcPvmqJ? arQmfvihfcsuf rukefao;aom pum;wkdUudk
t&dyfta,mifNyqJ/ auoDuvnf; ,cifu Niif;cJhNyD;aomqHk;Nzwf
csuftwkdif; ,Ofaus;pGm Niif;y,fNrJ/ olU&kyfu vnfywfaom olaX;
om;wpfa,muf\&kyf&nfrsdK;/ qHyiftenf;i,faumufvsuf tom;
rSm NzLazG;NyD; eDcsifcsif/okdUaomf olUrsufvHk;rsm;u enf;enf;rQ r&dk;
om;bl;[k auoDxifonf/ olrudkMunhfvQif rsufvHk;rsm;uawmuf
aNymifNyD; t&nfvJhvmwwf\/ tar&duef&kyf&SifawGxJrSm rdef;rwpf
a,muf\ udk,fvHk;ukd,fxnfudk NypfrSm;aeol Zmwfvdkufwpfa,muf
\tMunhfrsdK;/ xkdtMunhfrsdK;udk auoD aMumufvnf;aMumufonf/
rkef;vnf; rkef;onf/ olU[mol udk,fykdifum; vJaNymif;pD;ekdifwm
auoDESifh roufqkdif/ aiGpum;tNrJaNymaom ,Ofaus;zG,f&mrIr&Sd
onhf xkdvlabmfaMumhrsdK;udk olr enf;enf;rQ txifrBuD;ekdifyg/
aemufwpfa,mufuawmh auoDeSihf wpfESpfwnf;ausmif;om;?
okdUaomf t"dubmomcsif; rwlMuacs/ olu pdwfynm t"du,l
onf/ pdwfynm,lolyDyD olU tNyHK;wkdUu vQdKU0Sufonf/ rsufvHk;rsm;
uawmh omrefyJ/ odkUaomf El;nHhazmfa&GaomrsufvHk;rsdK;? tom;nkd
pdrfhpdrfh? atmufEIwfcrf; tenf;i,fykdxlonf/ t&yfuawmh ig;ay
ig;vufr&Sdaom auoDhxuf acgif;wpfvHk;avmufNrihf\/ at;at;
oG,fuawmh olUudk ausmufwkdifBuD;[k ac:avh&Sdonf/ &Snfudkif;
aom t&yfNzihf ykqkd;cyfwkdwkd zdkoDzwfoDNzihf olUudkMunhfvdkufvQif
b,fawmhrS oyfoyfcefUcefUr&Sd/ olUwpfudk,fvHk;rSm tvSqHk;u oGm;
rsm;Nzpfonf/ olUoGm;awGu ekdifiHNcm;u oGm;wkdufaq;aMumfNimwGif
oHk;aom &kyf&Sifrif;om;rsm;\ oGm;awGvdk pDpD&D&D vSyNzLazG;aeavh&Sd
onf/ 'gawmifrS olu NyHK;vQifoGm;ray:atmif NyHK;wwfwmrsm;
onf/
xdkwpfa,mufudkawmh auoD ,ckwdkif cifrif&if;ESD;qJ/ olu
48
at;at;oG,fESihf ykdí&if;eSD;onf/ tb,faMumihfqkdaomf at;at;
oG,f\cspfol udk0if;aZmfeSihfolu tvGefcifrifaom oli,fcsif;rsm;
NzpfNyD; ppfukdif;wpfNrdKUwnf; BuD;Nyif;aexkdifcJhMuaomaMumihf Nzpf
onf/
]]eif rdef;r &NyDvm;}}[k olUukdawGUwkdif; auoD ar;wwfNyD; ol
uvnf; ]][ifhtif; eihfudkapmihfaewm}} [k &,fovdkarmovdk aNz
avh&Sdonf/
rdk;zGJzGJuav; pwif&Gmcsaom arv\ 'kwd,ywf naecif;
wpfckwGif ol auoD&Sd&m opömaqmifokdU a&mufvmonf/ ola&muf
vmNcif;rSm auoDhtwGuf a&;BuD;cGifus,fNzpfavmufp&m r&Sdaomf
vnf; ta&;ygaom tusdK;qufwpfck NzpfcJhonf/
olrxHodkU {nhfonfrsm; vmavhr&SdMuaomaMumihf q&mra':
auoD {nhfonfa&mufaew,f[k ausmif;olav;wpfa,muf vm
aNymawmh auoDtvGeftHhMooGm;ygonf/ ararqkdvQif auoDhtcef;
txd wdkuf&dkuf0ifvmrSmayhg/ arar r[kwfwm aocsmonf/ aemuf
NyD; araru eHeufcif;rsm;wGifom a&mufvmavh&Sdonf/ auoD
taqmif*dwfaygufokdU wGefUqkwfpGma&mufawmh taqmiftNyifbuf
a,muFsm;tpkta0;tMum;wGif t&yftNrihfqHk;Nzpfaom xkdoli,f
csif;udk xkd;xkd;axmifaxmif vSrf;Nrifvdkuf&\/ awGUawGUcsif;olu
]]ighudk vufzufokyfauR;rvm;}} [kar;avonf/ auoDuvnf;
]]at; auR;rSmaygh}}[k csufcsif; oabmwlvdkuf\/ >cif;csufwpfck
awmh xm;&onf/
]]'gayr,hf eif ighudk tvsifwkef;u pum;a[mif;awGNyefazmfNyD;
ar;wmawG awmif;qkdwmawG bmrS rvkyfbl;vkdU uwday;&r,f}}
olu vQdKU0SufaomtNyHK;rsdK; NyHK;vsuf acgif;udk oHk;av;Budrf
qufwkduf ndwfNyvdkufavonf/ xkdaeUu at;at;oG,ftaqmif
49
ür&Sd/ aemufwpfaeU NrdKUNyefawmhrnfholUtwGJESihf tNyifygoGm;onf/
xkdUaMumifh armeif;pwm;odkU auoDESihfol ESpfa,mufwnf;
avQmufoGm;Mu&ygonf/
tJ'DaeUusrSyJ q&meSihf rDrDcifudk yx0DXmea&SU&yfxm;aom
q&mhum;ab;rSm ,SOf&yfvsuf NrwrmaqmifrS taqmifenf;Ny ol
i,fcsif;wpfa,mufESihf pum;aNymaeonfudk awGUvdkuf&onf/q&m
wkdUoHk;a,mufvHk;uvn;f auoDwkdUESpfa,mufudk NrifawGUoGm;
onf/ rDrDcifu q&mhteD;rSm uyfaevdkufwm tusÐcsif;xdawmh
rwwfbJ/ q&mu olrwkdUudk NrifNrifcsif; zswfceJ rsufESmvTJvdkuf
aomaMumihf NyHK;Nyawmhrnfh auoDhEIwfcrf;rsm;udk tcsdefrD NyefNyif
vdkuf&\/
q&mr trsm;pk\ xifNrifcsuf rSefaeNyDESihf wlyg&JU/ olwkdUu
aNymonfrSm q&mOD;&efedkifeSihf a':rDrDcifudk rdbrsm;vnf; oabm
wlNyD;om; olwkdUcsif;vnf; cspfuRrf;0ifaeonfwJh/ q&mwkdUESpf
a,mufudk pmoifcef;Nyify? NrefrmpmXme\NyifywGif eSpfa,mufwGJ
vsuf yl;yl;uyfuyfawGUvdkuf&awmh auoDh&ifxJrSm tenf;i,fawmh
atmifhoufoufNzpfoGm;cJhwm 0efcH&ygrnf/ okdUaomf ,cifuwnf;
u arQmfvifhNyD;om; taNzwpfckrdkU trsm;enf;wl vG,fulpGmvufcH
vdkuf&HkyJaygh/ bmyJNzpfNzpf rDrDcifuHaumif;onf[kawmh rk'dwmeSihf
awG;vdkufrdonf/
odkUaomf q&mwkdUESpfa,muf bmaMumihf vufrxyfao;ygvdrfh/
auoDESihf bmrQrywfoufaom tawG;wpfckudk tlaMumifaMumif
oGm;awG;vdkufrdao;\/ xkdaeUu armeif;pwm;wGif oli,fcsif;u
q&mwkdUudpöudk tpazmfíar;ao;onf/
]]q&mOD;&efekdifu rDeJU vufxyfawmhrSmvdkU owif;Mum;w,f
[kwfvm;auoD}}wJh
50
]][Jh ... ig b,fodrvJ? igu rDrDcifeJUcifwmvJ r[kwfbl;/
tHr,f eifu rDawG bmawGeJU eifeJUa&m cifvkdUvm;}}
]]wpfcgrSawmif pum;raNymzl;bl;/ 'gayr,hf wkdUqdkufudku
aumifawG tm;vHk;&JUpum;0dkif;xJrSm olu rDyJ/ ig olUudk rDvdkUyJod
wm? emrnf&if;awmif rodygbl;[m}}
]]tif; ... olwkdUcsif; awmfawmfawmh &if;eSD;wmyJ[/ wpfaeUaeU
rSm vufxyfMur,feJU wlygw,f}}
odkYaomf auoD\xifNrifcsufrSm oGufoGufcgatmif rSm;cJhonf
udk aemufwpfaeUusawmh od&onf/
aemufwpfaeUrSm auoDwdkU &wembkr®dudk q&ma&mufvmcJh
onf/
olru yxrESpf Nrefrmpmoifwef;wGif Nrefrmo'´goifaeqJNzpf
\/ pmoifcef;tNyifbuf aumf&pf'grSm q&mu q&mOD;oef;NrihfESihf
NzwfavQmufoGm;&if; auoD pmoifaewmudk cyfMumMumpdkufMunhf
oGm;\/ xkdaeUu auoDhqHyifrSm yef;a&mifeSif;qDwpfyGifh yefxm;
wmudk rSwfrdonf/ pmoifcsdefNyD;í auoD Xme&Hk;cef;xJodkU0ifvdkuf
csdefwGif q&mOD;oef;Nrihf\pm;yGJrSm wpfa,mufwnf; xkdifaeaom
q&mhudk awGUvdkuf&onf/ q&mhvufxJrSm e,l;pf0d(cf)wpftkyf udkif
xm;aomfvnf; q&m pmzwfaeNcif; r[kwfyg/
]]r*Fvmyg q&m}} [kolr NyHK;í EIwfqufawmh q&mu NyefNyHK;
rNybJ xkdif&mrS x&yf\/
]]r*Fvmyg rauoD? twef;NyD;oGm;NyDvm;}}
]][kwfuJh q&m}}
]]b,fawmhavmufMum&if rauoD em&D0ufavmuftcsdef&rvJ}}
]]uRefr tck tm;NyDq&m}}
]]aumif;NyD udk,f rauoDhudk aqG;aEG;p&m enf;enf;&SdvdkU? udk,fwkdY
51
b,foGm;NyD; bmpm;Mu&if aumif;rvJ}}
olr q&mhudk zswfceJ ai;MunhfNyD; csufcsif; £aNE´q,fvdkuf&
\/
]]uJifwif;rSm vufzuf&nfoGm;aomuf&if tqifaNyrvm;q&m}}
q&mu csufcsif; acgif;,rf;onf/
]][m .... uJifwif;rSmqkd q&m q&mrawG ausmif;om;awG?
trsm;BuD;NzpfaerSmayhg/ at;at;aq;aq; pum;aNymvkdU aumif;r,hf
qkdifrsdK;a&G;ygvm;}}
olr&ifckefoHudk olr NyefMum;ae&\/ bmt"dyÜg,fygvdrfh/
taNy;tvTm;pOf;pm;Munhfonf/ taNz vHk;0r&yg/ tif;av? bm
aqG;aEG;csifovJqkdwm [kda&mufawmh odvdrfhraygh/ auoDu 34
vrf;axmihfuvufzuf&nfqkdifudktMuHNyKawmh q&mvufcHvdkuf\/
]]'gNzihf oGm;pdkU}}
cyfvSrf;vSrf;rSm at;at;oG,feSihf a':vSvSat; avQmufvmae
wmudkNrif&awmh q&mu uref;uwef; ....
]]rat;at;oG,fudk rac:bJ udk,feJUvkdufcJh&if rauoDtwGuf
bmrS qkd;qdk;&Gm;&Gm; Nzpfrvmekdifbl; r[kwfvm; [if}} [kar;av
onf/ auoD vSpfceJ NyHK;vdkufrd&if; acgif;,rf;Nyvdkufonf/ at;
at;oG,fu auoDhudkvufNyEIwfquf&if; q&mhudkyg NyHK;Nyvdkuf
onf/
]]at;oG,f ig q&meJU [kdbufcP vdkufoGm;rvdkU a&mh tHqGJ
aomh}}
auoD ypfay;vdkufaomaomhudk rdrd&& zrf;qkyfvsuf at;at;
oG,fu q&m rNrifatmif rsufpdrSdwfNyvdkufavonf/
q&mu vrf; 80 bufeD;aom pm;yGJwpfvHk;ukd a&G;onf/ au
oDhtwGuf aumfzDeSihf q&mhtwGuf vufzuf&nfrSmNyD; eSpfa,muf
52
om; vrf;ay:oGm;vmaeMuaom pufbD;rsm;? um;rsm;udk ai;Munfh
aeMuwm tMumBuD;/ aqG;aEG;p&m&Sdonf[laom q&mu pum;wpf
cGef;rS raNymbJeJU auoDupNyD; tmvmy ovmyaNymzdkUvnf;
raumif;wwfay/
aNymrnfh aNymawmhvnf; q&mu ed'gef;rysdK;bJ NAKef;ceJar;cGef;
wpfck ar;csvdkufNcif;Nzpf\/
]]raeUnaewkef;u rauoDeJUtwlawGUvdkuf&wJhausmif;om;u
rauoDeJU b,fvdk ywfoufaewmvJ? tJ ... tJ'g udk,far;cGihfa&m&Sd
&JUvm; rodbl;aemf}}
q&mhar;cGef;uvnf; wHk;vdkufwm/ okdUaomf pum;aNym&if;
tkd;wkd;trf;wrf;NzpfoGm;aom q&mhudk r&,farm&ufyg//
]]&ygw,fq&m/ uRefr 'Dar;cGef;udk aNzvdkU&ygw,f/ yxrqHk;
aNym&rSmawmh tJ'gausmif;om; r[kwfygbl; q&m/ uRefreJUwpfESpf
wnf; atmifwmyg/ qkdufudku NyD;wmav/ aemufNyD; uRefreJUb,f
vdkrS rywfoufygbl; q&m/ tJ [kdav olUbufuawmh ..'gayr,fh
uRefrwkdU oli,fcsif;awGygyJ q&m}}
q&mu auoDhudk rnf;eufaom rsuf0ef;rsm;Nzihf ai;MunhfNyD;
r&,frNyHK; acgif;qwfNyonf/ xkdUaemuf pdwfrwnfNidrfvQif NyKrIae
usyHkpHtwkdif; azmfrDumcif;pm;yGJudk vufxdyfrsm;Nzihf wa'gufa'guf
acgufvsuf NidrfoufaeNyefonf/ q&m bmNzpfvdkU 'Dar;cGef;udkar;
ygvdrfh/ olr pdwfxJrSm odaeovdkvdk rodbl;vdkvdk &ifwzswfzswf
ckefvmvsuf aumfzDyef;uefudk r,lum toufr&IbJ aomufcsvdkuf
onf/
xkdUaemuf q&m\yg;vSyfaom? ten;fi,f us,fNyefUaomeIwf
crf;u wif;ceJ aphoGm;\/ rsOf;aNzmihfwpfaMumif;vdk aphoGm;Ncif;Nzpf
ygonf/ NyD;awmh tenf;i,f oG,fcRefaom ar;aphudk vufoD;qkyf
53
Nzihfaxmufum auoDhudk pdkufMunhfaeonf/ olr q&mhrsufvHk;rsm;
udk onfwpfcgavmuf b,fwkef;urS rxdwfvefUcJhbl;yg/ rsufvHk;
csif;qHkoGm;awmh auoD uref;uwef; rsufvTmcsypfvdkufrdonf/
]]rxl;ygbl;av? &dkif;vufpeJU q&m rauoD&JUukd,fa&;ukd,f
wmudk xyfNyD; pyfpkyg&apOD;? rauoDrSm tdrfaxmifNyKzdkU tpDtpOf
awG bmawGrsm; ....}}
]]tdk ...}}b,fvdk ar;cGef;BuD;vJ/
auoDhyg;NyifeSpfbuf &Sdef;ceJ aEG;axG;oGm;\/ tenf;i,f wkef
&DrvdkNzpfoGm;onfh EIwfcrf;tpHkudk cyfwif;wif; zdaphvdkufNyD; q&mh
udk tm;wif;í Bunfhrdonf/ q&m rsufeSmysufoGm;\/
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rauoDudk vGwfvyfwJh rdef;uav;wpfa,muftNzpf aocsmcsifvdkU
ar;wmyg? &w,faemf? raNzcsifvJ udk,f ZGwfrar;ygbl;}}
olr q&mhudk ai;pkdufMunhf&if; tenf;i,f NyHK;csifvm\/
odkYaomf rNyHK;&Jyg/
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aemufNyD; udk,fu pmoifaumif;w,fvdkUemrnfBuD;ayr,hf
pum;aNym odyfnHhw,f rauoD? txl;oNzihfawmh udk,fvufxyfcsif
wJh rdef;uav;eJU pum;aNymwJhtcgrsdK;rSm nHwwfw,feJUwlyg&JU}}
olr\ESvHk;onf Nyif;xefpGm wpfcsufckefNyD;rS w'dwf'dwf Nref
qefpGm ckefaeNyef\/q&mqkdvdkaom t"dyÜg,fudk auoDoabmayguf
vdkufygNyD/
okdYaomf q&mhpum;rsm;u auoDh tawG;rsm;vdkyJ uaygufwd
uaygufcsm Nzpfae\/ aeOD;? q&m wnfNidrfpGm pum;aNym ekdifonfh
tcsdefa&mufvmonftxd olr NidrfoufpGm; em;axmifae&rnf/
bmpum;rS NyefraNym&? axmufrar;&/ xkdUaemuf q&m
54
u vQdKU0Sufcsufwpfckudk zGihfaNymonhf olvQdKwpfa,muf\ trlt&m
rsdK;Nzihf olrudk cyfoGufoGuf aNymvdkufawmhonf/
]]'Dr,f udk,faNymwm em;axmifprf;? udk,f rauoDudk vuf
xyfcsifw,f? Mum;vm;}}
tdk ..../ q&m OD;&efekdifonf olrudk vufxyfcGifhawmif;aewm
vm;? nTefMum;csufwpfck ay;aewmvm;/ olr q&mhrsufeSmudk &J0hH
pGmarmhMunhfzdkU awmfawmfBudK;pm;tm;wif;,l&onf/ q&mu auoDh
udk rsufarSmifwGefUí Munhfae\/
]]udk,faNymwm em;vnf&JUvm;}}
]][kwfuJh em;vnfygw,f q&m}}
olr NyHK;&,fcsifaomfvnf; r&,f&Jyg/ q&mhudk rav;pm;&m
usrSmayhg/ q&mu olrukd vufxyfcsifonfqkdonfhpum;rSm auoDh
twGuf ,Hkwrf;pum;vkd Nzpfae\/ okdUaomf q&mudk,fwdkif zGihfaNym
aompum;xuf rnfonfhpum;rsm;u rSefuefekdifygrnfenf;/
cPMumawmh olr wNznf;Nznf; aysmf&Tifvm\/ auoDq,fwef;
atmifonfheSpfu arar auoDhudk qkcsaom ig;rl;om; qGJBudK;u
av;wpfuHk;udk yxrOD;qHk;tBudrfqGJNyD;pOf Nzpfay:cJhaom pdwfcHpm;rI
rsdK;eSihf qifwlygonf/ arar b,fwkef;u ykdufqHpkNyD; 0,fxm;rSef;
rod&aom? b,fawmhrSvnf; rarQmfvihfcJhaom qGJBudK;uav;av/
tHhMo vdIufvJSpGm 0rf;omenf;rsdK; Nzpfygonf/
]]rauoD bmawG awG;aewmvJ udk,f odcGifhr&Sdbl;vm;}}
]]aMomf ... [kd .... rDrDcifav}}
q&mu auoDNrifomatmif yifhoufwpfcsuf &dIufygonf/
]]tif; ...rDu udk,hfnDrvdkygyJ}}
]]'gayr,hf rDrDcifu q&mhudk tpfukdt&if;vdk oabmxm;&JU
vm; q&m}} xkdar;cGef;rsdK; auoD rar;oihfyg/
55
]]tif; ... 'gawmh udk,frodbl;? bmNzpfvdkUvJ? tJ'g rauoD
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]][ihftif; ... rBuD;ygbl; q&m}}
]]udk,fhtaMumif; rauoD b,favmufodvJ}}
]]rodygbl; q&m}}
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]][kwfuJh vdkr,fvdkU xifygw,f q&m}}
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olr pum;udkMum;awmh q&mNyHK;&TifoGm;onf/ rsufeuf0ef;rsm;
vufceJ awmufyoGm;\/ q&mNyHK;&,fawmh oG,fcRef;aomar;aphrSm
ydkícRefoGm;onf/eIwfcrf;rsm; aumhysHoGm;yHku rdef;uav;wpfa,muf
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]][kwfNyD? 'Dvdkqkd&if udk,fhtaBumif;awGudk aNymNyr,f? udk,hf
toufu 36ESpf}}
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36ESpftxd q&m tdrfaxmifrNyKwm bmNzpfvdkUvJ[if}}
]]tJ'gvm;? tJ'g q&mrodbl;/ q&m xifwmaNym&&ifawmh
rauoDudk apmihfaecJhwm Nzpfvdrfhr,f}}
]][if ... q&mu uRefrudk b,fwkefu odaewmvJ}}
auoDu cyfwHk;wHk; ar;cGef;wpfck ar;vdkufrdao;\/
]]rESpfurSav}}
]]tdk; ....}}
-
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56
q&mh[moudk onfwpfcgawmh olr &,farmrdygonf/
olronf trsm;pkrdef;uav;rsm;uJhokdUyif ararhudkwkdifyifyg&
ap[k taMumif;NyefcJhygonf/ q&mu rauoD&JUtaru b,fvdk
tarrsdK;vJ[k pyfpkao;\/ arar pdwfESvHk; El;nhHodrfarGUonfh t
aMumif;? orD;udk vGwfvyfcGihf tawmftoihfay;xm;aMumif;? vli,f
rsm;\ pdwfxm;udk em;vnfvG,faom txufwef;Nyq&mr wpfOD;
NzpfaMumif; olr q&mhudk tm;wufoa&m aNymNyrd\/
xkdUaemuf auoD ararhxH pma&; taMumif;Mum;vdkufav
onf/
ararhNyefpmrSm eSpfywftMumwGif a&mufvmcJh\/
]]q&mhudk tm;emvdkufwmq&m? araru q&mhukd awGUcsifae
w,f}}
xkdpum;udk at;at;oG,f a&SUrSmyif aNymcsvdkufonf/ bmNzpf
vdkUvJqkdawmh q&mu yxrqHk;tBudrf vufxyfzkdUaNymNyD;uwnf;
u auoDESihf eSpfa,mufcsif;awGUzkdU rBudK;pm;awmhbJ at;at;oG,f
udk tazmfac:ckdif;aomaMumifhav/ auoDESihf q&m\qufqHa&;
wGif at;at;oG,f rodvkdufaom t&m[lí bmrQr&Sdyg/
]][kwfvm;? udk,f oGm;awGUvdkufr,fav}}
vli,fuav;wpfa,mufvdk &Suf&GHUpGm wuf<uoGm;aom q&mhukd
olr NyHK;&,fcsifpdwfNzihf ai;Munhfaevdkufonf/
]]q&m ysOf;rem;udk a&mufzl;vdkUvm;}}
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odygw,f/ pae? we*FaEG wpfywfavmuf q&mtm;wJhtcg oGm;
awGUvdkU&ygw,f q&m}}
57
q&mu pm;yGJay:rS rSwfpkpmtkyfudkxkwfvsuf ararhvdyfpmudk
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wnf; 'D pae? we*FaEGawmh ysOf;rem;udkNyefNyD; ararhudk tusdK;t
aMumif; aNymNyxm;rnf[k qHk;Nzwfcsuf csvdkufavonf/
xkdaeUnae taqmifrSm olreSifhat;at;oG,f xrif;pm;csdef
a&mufawmhrS at;at;oG,fu auoDhukd ar;onf/
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rdef;reJU ,SOfavQmuf&if olwkdUt&yfu tvdkvdk NrihfvmowJh}}
]]xyfw&D eif tJ'D,Hkwrf;pum;awGudk r,Hkbl; r[kwfvm;
auoD}}
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olrwkdUESpfa,muf NydKifwl &,farmrdMuonf/ xkdUaemuf auoD
rsufeSmudk wnfypfvdkufNyD; ....
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BuD;wmawG trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f odvm;}} [kcyfwnfwnf aNymvkdufyg
onf/
]]Oyrm ...}}
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rI? 'gawGaygh at;at;oG,f&m}}
at;at;oG,fu auohDudk pl;pl;pdkufpkdufMunhfvsuf
]]ta&;BuD;wm wpfckvdkao;w,f}} [k NywfawmufpGmaNym\/
]]bmvJ}}
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58
tcspf ......./ tcspftaMumif;udk olr wpfcgrQyif xnhfrpOf;
pm;bl;yg/
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]]tvdkav; .... tHhzG,fygvm; auoD/ a,muFsm;wpfa,mufudk
vufxyfzdkUpOf;pm;aewJh rdef;rwpfa,mufu tcspfqkdwm b,fvdk
[mrsdK;vJvdkU ar;ae&ao;vm;}}
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touft&G,ftxd auoDonf a,muFsm;wpfOD;wav\ tay:rSmrS
om,mpdwfrsdK;Nzihf pdwfupm;cJhNcif; r&SdaMumif; at;at;oG,f odyg
onf/ at;at;oG,fu udkifxm;onfh ZGef;cuf&if;udk ypfcsum rdefU
cGef;wpfck a>cawmhrnhf obmywdyHkpHrsdK;Nzihf auoDhudk tav;teuf
Munhf\/
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udk yl;aygif;NyD; awG;wm? tonf;eSvHk;ESpfck[m wpfckwnf;vdkckefwm
tJ'grsdK;udk ac:w,fwJh}}
]]b,fol aNymwmvJ}}
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csufpmtkyfxJu awGUwm/ tJ'Dpma&;q&m emrnfucufw,f ig
rrSwfrdbl;/ olUqkdvdk&if;t"dyÜg,fuav;u vSvdkU igrSwfrdaewm}}
aNymNyD; at;at;oG,fu yef;uefNym;udk rvsuf a&aq;&ef tcef;
tNyifokdU xGufoGm;awmhonf/
0dnmOfESpfck[m wpfrsdK;wnf;awG;wm? tonf;eSvHk;eSpfck[m
wpfckwnf;vdkyJ ckefwmwJh/ b,favmufaMumifvdkufonfh pum;rsm;
vJaemf/ vlESpfa,muf[m b,fvdkenf;eJUrS tawG;wpfrsdK;wnf; r&Sd
ekdifbl;/ Oyrm q&meSihf auoDqkdygawmh/ q&mu vufzuf&nf
BudKufonf/ olru aumfzDBudKufonf/ q&mu aumfNyefUpdrf;BudKuf
59
onf/ olru prlqm BudKufonf/ q&mu auoDhdukd csdwfxbDeSihf
odyfMunhfaumif;onfwJh/ olruawmh bDbJvfaNymifvHkcsnfrsm;udk
olrESihf vdkufzufonf[k xifonf/ tBudKufcsif; b,frSmwlvkdUvJ/
tonf;eSvHk;ESpfck? wpfckwnf;vdk ckef&r,f/
'ku©ygyJ/
q&m\ ndKarSmifaNzmifhpif;aom qHyif yGyGuav;rsm;udk Nrif
a,mifvmcJh\/ q&mhqHyifaysmhaysmhuav;awGu avwdkufvdkufvQif
vGihfceJ vGihfceJ a0hzGmoGm;aomfvnf; cPtMumwGif olUe*dktwkdif;
NyefNyD; yHkusoGm;wwfonf/ tNzLa&mif &Syfvuf&Snfudk tNrJwrf;
vufzsHtxufqDwGif acgufwifNyD; oyf&yfpGm 0wfavh&Sdaom q&m
onf auoDhtwGuf txifBuD; av;pm;zG,f&mNzpfonfqkdygvQif
rvHkavmufao;bl;vm;/ q&mu vufxyfcGihfawmif;rnfqkdvQif
xurnhfolawG wpfyHkBuD;&SdaerSef; olr odonfav/ onfBum;xJu
auoDhudk q&m vufxyfcsifonfqkdawmh olr tvGefuHaumif;ol[k
,HkMunfpGm aysmf&TifoGm;cJhonf/
q&monf rdef;reSihfywfoufívnf; emrnftpGef;txif; r&SdcJh
ol? t&ufaopm aomufpm;Ncif;rSvnf; uif;&Sif;ol? *kPfoa&&Sd
vlBuD; vlaumif; pm&if;0ifol? pum;aNymvQif ynmwwfavoHeSihf
rmeoH enf;enf;ygaomfvn;f ol vufxyf,lrnfh rdef;uav;\
*kPfodu©mudk xdef;odrf;zdkU owd&ol/ rdef;rwpfa,mufudk tqihft
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rxyfvQif b,fvdkvludk vufxyf&rnfenf;/
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vdkU igtHhMordw,f auoDa&/ igeJUudkaZmfeJU odyfcspfMuwmayhg/b,f
60
avmuftxd cspfovJvdkUar;OD;rvm;/ ol r&Sd&if ighb0 b,fvkdrS
qufNyD; &yfwnfvdkU&rSm r[kwfawmhbl;/ ol NrpfBuD;em;ukd NyefoGm;
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aomfvnf; pmtkyfemrnfrsm;udk Nrif[efrwlyg/
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at;at;oG,fu zswfceJ vSnhfMunhf\/
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ausmif;om;rsm;? {nhfonfrsm; &Sif;vif;aeNyD/ taqmif*dwfwHcg;0
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NyefvSnhfMunhfvdkufonf/
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61
wGefUqHyifaumufaumufuav;rsm;udk vufNzihf qwfceJ yihfwif
vdkuf&if; auoDhudk pum;aNymavonf/
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'gayr,hf q&mu eihftay:rSm b,fawmhrS &ufpufrSmr[kwfbl;/
'gayr,hf enf;enf;awmh csKyfcs,fvdrfhr,f/ ywf0ef;usifu eifwkdY
ESpfa,mufudk odyfvdkufzufwJh ZeD;armifeSHvdkU Nrifvdrfhr,f/ rdef;rawG
uawmh eifwdkUvufxyfNyD; vydkif;avmuftxd eihfae&mudk 0ifvkcsif
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q&mhudkr,m;0wÅ&m;ig;yg;eJUtnD NyKpk&vdrhfr,f/}}
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]]eif aysmfrSmayhg auoD/ yxrykdif;rSm eif enf;enf;awmh pdwf
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olrwkdU xrif;aqmifbufokdU ausmif;olrsm;ESihftwl vrf;avQmuf
oGm;Muavonf/
62
tcef; wpf
Am*sD;eD;,m; qvif;(rf) y&kyfat; pD;u&uf topfwpfAl;

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vdyfvm; wdkufvdkufao;\/ reufu xkwfaom qvif;(rf)wpfbl;
14vdyf? oli,fcsif;u wdkufaomaq;vdyf 2 vdyfyJxm;? ,ckaomuf
aomwpfvdyf aygif;vdkufvQif 17 vdyf/
ol ycHk;wGefUvdkufNyD; rD;Ncpf Ncpfum aq;vdyfudkrD;nSdvdkufonf/
aumfzDyef;uefudk aumufudkifNyD;rS Nyefcsvdkuf\/ em&Dudk tusihfyg
aom rsufpdNzihf iHkUMunhfvkdufawmh n 9em&D/ wppfppfudkufaeaom
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&ufwpfvSnfh aumfzDMurf;wpfvSnhf aomufaomtvkyfudk xHk;pHn
rsm;twkdif; aqmif&Gufavonf/
63
olonf &efukefNrdKUwGif BuD;Nyif;aom tNcm;vli,frsm;ESihf odyf
rwlaom vli,fwpfa,mufNzpf\/
Nyify yHkoP²efuawmh omrmefomNzpfonf/
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rSm cGJaMumif;xm;NyD; b,fbufcGJcsavh&Sdaom cyfwkdwkdqHyifaysmhrsm;
onf tenf;i,fus,faom ezl;Nyifukd rnfodkUrQ taESmifht,Suf
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twkdif; olonf rsufrSefwyfxm;&onfrSm 6 ESpfeD;yg;&SdNyD/ wpfbuf
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arS;oa,mifa,mif&Sdonf/ rsufcGH tenf;i,f rkdUaomaMumifhNzpfEdkif
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t&yfu NrefrmvlrsdK;wpfa,muftwGuf redrfhvSaom 5ay 6
vufr twkdif;twm Nzpfonf/
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av;axmihfvuf Nzpfonf/
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onf/ eHeufrkd;vif;rS ntxd olU tvkyfwm0efrsm;rSm ol vkyfoifh
64
onfh tvkyfrsm;omNzpfonf/ wpfpHkwpfa,muf\ qEúdkvdkufavsm
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aom emrnfudkvnf;aumif; &xm;ol Nzpfonf/
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pD;u&ufbl;ukd pmtkyfpif tay:qHk;wef;odkU ypfwifvkdufonf/ xkdU
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axmufum pm&Gufukd vSefvdkuf\/
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ol zGihfay;vdkufaom wHcg;rS 0ifvmaom oli,fcsif;onf olU
xuf t&yfNrihfonf/ olUvdkyJ NrefrmekdifiHodkUvma&mufvnfywfaom
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Nrefrmh[dkw,fESihf c&D;oGm;vkyfief;wGif vkyfudkifNyD;? olu udk,fydkif
tvkyf (Private Guide) Nzihf toufarG;0rf;ausmif;onf/ olUvdkyif
65
1985ckeSpfu EdkifiHNcm;bmomoifausmif;rS *smrefbmom pum;
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67
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69
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70
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71
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72
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qkdif;bkwf&Sd&mokdU vufndk;nTefNyvdkufonf/
a*:a"myv’ifbk&m;\ twGif;ayguf wHcg;rsm;ukd aomhcwfydwf
xm;avh&SdoNzihf rkd;a0rSm nuwnf;u bk&m; a*gyuvlBuD;rsm;ukd
tultnD oGm;awmif;&onf/ olUEkdifiHNcm;om;{nhfonfrsm; eHeuf
t&kPfOD;tcsdefwGif bk&m;&Sdcdk;vdkaMumif;? bk&m;\ txufypö,HrS
aexGufcsdef&Icif;udk "mwfyHk&dkufvdkaMumif; aNymNyaomtcg olwdkU
tvG,fwul ulnDygonf/
eHeuf a*gyutzGJUESihftwl bk&m;xJokdU 0ifa&mufzl;aNrmfcGihf
ol&cJhonf/
*smref vlrsdK;rsm;onf tm&Hkpl;pdkuftm; aumif;Muonf/ xkdUNyif
obm0tvSrsm;tay:rSm cHpm;wwfMuonf/ tEkynmudkvnf; pdwf
0ifpm;wwfBuonf/
rkd;a0wdkUav;a,muf bk&m;\ ta&SUypö,HaxmihfrSm tuste
xdkifí ta&SUbufqDodkU ZGJaumif;aumif;Nzihf xkdifapmihfaeMuonf/
xdktcsdefrSm eHeuf 5 em&Dxkd;&ef 15 rdepf tcsdefNzpfí a&mifeDvm
76
awmhrnf/ ta&SUaumif;uifonf tvif;a&mif awmfawmfrsm;rsm;
ysdKUvmvsuf&Sdonf/
xkdtcdkufwGif olwkdUoHk;a,mufvHk; pum;wpfcGef;rS raNymMubJ
ta&SUaumif;uif puf0kdif;Ncrf;atmufodkUom apmihfMunhf Nidrfoufae
Muonf/ wNznf;Nznf; vif;ívmaom aumif;uifwdrfvTmrsm;xJokdU
tm&HkOD;aeNcnfNzmvmonfudk 0dk;w0g;Nrif&csdefwGif olwkdU "mwf
yHk&dkufMuonf/ NymarSmifaom ywf0ef;usif aNrNyif\txufrS aiG
a&mifNzmaeaom wdrfvTmrsm; eDMuifpNyKaom atmufaNc tvif;a&mif
rsm;onf b,fawmhMunhfMunhf r&dk;Edkifaom tvStyrsm;Nzpfygonf/
aumif;uifwpf0dkuf aea&mifNcnf cyfvif;vif;Nzmvmaom
tcsdefrSm ol &Icif;udkNyvsuf Nrif&aom bk&m;rsm;ukd &Sif;vif;aNymNy
vdkufonf/
]]'DbufqHk;u cyfNrihfNrifh yHkqef;qef;u ykxdk;om;rsm;bk&m;
olU[dkbufu cyfedrfhedrfhu ewfavSmifausmif;? tJ .... 0dnmOfrsm;udk
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oAÁnK*lbk&m; Nzpfygw,f}}
eHeufpmpm;aomufNyD;csdefwGif {nhfonfrsm;oGm;csifaomNywkduf
okdU olac:oGm;vkdufygonf/ twGif;NywdkufodkUr0ifrD ausmufpmrsm;
xm;aom tNyifNywkdufpBuFwpfavQmuf vuf0J&pfac:oGm;vkdufonf/
ewfavSmifausmif;rS a&TUaNymif;Nyoxm;aom AdóEdk;ewf&kyfBuD;udk
NyvdkaomaMumihf Nzpfygonf/
xdkUaemuf bk&m;wpfqlcsif;? ausmuftkwfpmwpfcsyfcsif; olwkdU
aphaphpyfpyf MunhfMuonf/
]]ausmufpmawGudk a0blausmufeJU pusifausmufay:rSm a&;
avh&Sdygw,f/ ausmufpmwpfcsyfa&;wkdif; ausmufpmtqHk;em;rSm
usdefpmtNrJygw,f/ a'gufwm i&Jukd,HkMunfygovm;}} [k olar;
77
awmh a'gufwma0h(Zf)u ycHk;wGefUvsuf ]]Nzpfekdifygw,f}}[k NyefaNz
onf/
]]uRefawmfwkdU Ak'¨bmomrSm i&JBuD; &Spfqihf &Spfxyf&Sdygw,f}}
xdki&JwdkU\t"dyÜg,fudk ol *smrefvdkvnf; raNymwwf? t*Fvdyfvdk
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ausmufpm eHywf 46 &Sd&modkU a&mufoGm;avonf/
]]rif; 'DausmufpmawG zwfwwfovm;}}
]][ihftif; ... uRefawmf avhvmwkef; BudK;pm;wkef;yg}}
xkdausmufpmrsm;rSm yk*Hacwf pmvHk;aygif;rsm; tu©&mrsm;Nzpfí
,ckacwf tu©&mrsm;NzihfvJ aNymif;a&;NyD; yHkESdyfaom ausmufpm
pmtkyfrsm;udkom ol zwfwwfaMumif; &Sif;Nyvdkufonf/
olwkdU oHk;a,mufonf xkd ausmufpm a&SUbufrsufESmpmeSihf
aemufausmbuf rsufeSmpmudk tNyefNyef tvSefvSefMunhfvsuf
vufacsmif;uav;rsm;Nzihf xdwkdU prf;oyfMunhfMuonf/ oltwwf
ekdifqkH; BudK;pm;zwf&Iaomtcg ouú&mZpf 593 [kxif&onf/
ausmufpma&;xdk;olrSm apmrif;vwf [kzwfí &\/
rsm;Nym;vSpGmaom ausmufpmrsm;udk a0hceJ vSrf;MunhfNyD;rS
,cifuwnf;u odxm;NyD;aom ausmufpmeHygwf 46ESihf ywfouf
aom tusOf;t"dyÜg,fudk aNymNyvdkuf\/
]]'Dausmufpmudk trsdK;orD;wpfa,mufu rSwfwrf;wif a&;xkd;
ygw,f/ olu bk&m;wnfw,f/ a&Tcsw,f/ ykv’ifeJUwuG bk&m;
qif;wk ylaZmfw,f/ bkef;BuD;ausmif; aqmufw,f/ ausmif;rSmae
wJh oHCmawG aygrsm;pGm pm;oHk;ekdifzdkU v,fawGtrsm;BuD; vIcJhyg
w,f/ tJ'Daemuf olUtvIawGudk rSwfwrf;wifzkdU 'Dausmufpmudka&;
xkd;cJhygw,f}}
]]olru b,folvJ}} [k za&mpwkdU(Zf)u pdwf0ifpm;pGmar;\/
78
ol abmif;bDtdwfxJu rD;Ncpfudk arhavsmhpGm vufeSihfEdIufprf;
xkwfNyD;rS Nyefxnhfxm;vdkufonf/
]]apmrif;vwf? tJ'g olr&JU emrnfyg}} [k wpfvHk;csif; zwfNy
vdkuf\/
]]rdk;a0? [dkrSm tvGefxl;Ncm;wm wpfckygvm;}}
a'gufwmz&pf(Zf)pwkdU(Zf)u vufndk;nTefNyaomaMuifh rdk;a0
aemufvSnhfMunhfvkduf\/ a'gufwm nTefNyaomt&mrSm t0ifbuf
eD;aom tpGef;ydkif; Nzpfonf/ ausmufpmcsyfwpfcka&SUü tvkyf&Iyfae
aom vlESpfa,muf&Sdonf/ wpfa,mufu trsdK;orD;? wpfa,mufu
trsdK;om;? olwkdU ESpfa,mufpvHk; rsufeSmrSm pdwfysufvufysuf Nzpf
ae\/
yHkpHudk Munhfvkduf&HkESihf ausmufpmudk rifvdrfhul;&ef pDpOfae
aMumif; olodvdkufonf/
odkYaomf xkdESpfa,mufonf þvkyfief;wGif uRrf;usif[ef rwl
yg/
ausmufpm riful; uRrf;usifolrsm;onf a&cGufxJokdY rdkif;udkif
puúLudk pkd&TJ el;tdoGm;atmif ESpfypfavhr&Sdyg/
trsdK;orD;\ 0wfpm;qif,ifyHkrSm olUtwGuf tvGefxl;Ncm;ae
onf/
Nrifaeus yHkpHrsdK; r[kwfwmawmh aocsm\/ zswfceJ vSrf;t
MunhfNzihfyif olr wpfudk,fvHk; xl;Ncm;rIudk tuJcwfrdNyD;NyD/
b,favmuf tHhMozdkU aumif;vdkufovJ/
olr tusÐrSm ,ckacwf b,fvdk i,f&G,foltrsdK;orD;rS 0wf
avhr&Sdaom trsdK;tpm;Nzpfonf/
vGefcJhaom eSpfaygif; 50 cefUu ykHpHrsdK;/
vnfyif;rSm pwpfvnfaxmifuav;ygonf b,fbuf&ifnGefU
79
okdU zHk;aom &ifzHk;tusÐ Nzpfavonf/ &ifzHk;\ Mu,foD;rsm;uvnf;
rkd;a0\ rdcif NrefrmEdkifiHwGif &SdpOfu0wfonfh yHkpHtwkdif; uGif;wyf
Bu,foD;rsm; Nzpfonf/ Bu,foD;uav;rsm;onf xGif;azmufNrif&
atmif Munfvifaom ausmufpdrf;a&mif zefBu,foD;uav;rsm; Nzpf
onf/ pkpkaygif; ig;vHk;Nzpfonf/ vufuawmh wHawmifqpf\
atmufokdU zHk;onfqkd&Hkuav;a&mufaom vuftdk;yGyG Nzpfonf/
tusÐta&mifrSm t0gEka&mif/ Zmuawmh ZmtusÐygyJ/ bmZmvJawmh
ol rod/ ydwfazmufZm[k ol ,lqonf/ tusÐcg;u wkdNyD;yGonf/
xbDuawmh t0geka&miftcHay:wGif r&rf;a&mif? teDa&mif? tpdrf;
a&mif trQifrQifrsm;Nzihf csdwfxm;aom a,mvHkcsnf Nzpf\/
]]awmfawmf tHhMop&m aumif;wmyJ}}
xkdpum;onf olUab;u a'gufwmESpfOD;xHrS NydKifwlxGufvm
Ncif; Nzpfonf/
trsdK;orD;onf olwdkUudk cyfapmif;apmif; taetxm;ausmay;
vsuf ausmufpmcsyfbufodkU rsufESmrlvdkuf\/ olrudk wtHhwMo
vSrf;MunhfaeMuwm odyHkr&yg/
olr vufxJwGif a&pdk&TJaeaom rkdif;udkifpuúL&SdNyD; 4if;udk
ausmufNym;ay:okdU uyfcsvdkufonf/
]]aocsm udkifxm;prf;yg[m?
'Dtwkdif;qkd&if b,fvdkvkyfNyD;awmhrSmvJ}}
tufuGJuGJtoH wkd;wkd;uav;u rdk;a0wkdUqD vGihfvm\/ ol
ycHk;wGefUvdkufNyD; xkdae&mrS rsufpdvTJvdkufonf/ xkdtcdkuf a'guf
wm a0h(Zf)u toHxGufatmif &,fvdkufonf/
a'gufwmh rsufvHk;rsm;rsm xkdESpfa,mufxHokdU pl;pdkufpGm Munhf
aeqJ? EIwfcrf;u NyHK;aeonf/ ol raeEdkifí wpfcsufNyefvSnhf
Munhfvdkufrd\/
80
'ku©ygvm;/
oltoHxGuf nnf;awmhrwwf NzpfoGm;onf/
trsdK;om;u pm&Guf xdyfydkif;ukd udkifvsuf qGJNzefUvkdufpOf rkdif;
udkifpuúLrSm NyJoGm;awmh\/
]]eihfudk ig b,fESpfcg aNym&rvJ}}
trsdK;orD;\ onfwpfcg toHrSm a'goaMumifh en;fenf;
us,favmifoGm;\/ touf i,f&G,fao;aom trsdK;om;uav;u
[ufceJ &,farmonf/
]]rr 'g uRefawmf tpGrf;ukef nifnifomom udkifxm;wmyJAs}}
]]ig Nrif&oavmufawmh ol puúLawG qkwfNzJaewm 3 Budrf&Sd
oGm;NyD}} a'gufwma0h(Zf)u NyHK;&,fvsuf cyfwkd;wkd;aNymawmh ol
a&ma,mifí NyHK;rdrwwf NzpfoGm;\/ a'gufwmu olUudk NyHK;Munhf
um ....
]]rif;wkdU Nrefrm rdef;uav;awG[m puúLawGudk awmfawmfNzKef;
wwfwmygvm;}} [k pavonf/
olU&ifxJrSm rsufceJ atmifhoGm;\/
xkd trsdK;orD;udk pdwfwkdwmvm;? NrefrmawGudk txifao;[ef
t"dyÜm,f&aom a'gufwm\pum;udk pdwfwkdwmvm; olrodacs/
]]igwkdU oGm;MunhfMupdkU/olwdkY awmfawmf pdwf0ifpm;zdkY aumif;
w,f}}
xkdpum;ukd a'gufwma0h(Zf)u aNymvkdufaomtcg ol acgif;
ndwfoabmwlvdkufonf/
]][kwfuJh uRefawmf oGm;ulnDay;csifygw,f/ NyD;&if
[dkbufudk xGufMur,f}}
olr teD;odkU ol a&mufoGm;aomtcg NyJoGm;aom rkdif;cHpuúL
udk NyefcGmvsufu trsdK;orD;u vSnhfMunhf\/
81
aMomf ... toufui,fvdrfhOD;rnf/ rkd;a0xuf eSpfeSpfru i,fekdif\/
i,fekaomrsufeSm rSm ezl;ay:ü aNymif&Sif;aeatmif odrf;NyD;xm;aom
qHyifaMumihf cyfa0;a0;u MunhfvQif toufykdBuD;ovdk xif&onf/
]][Jvdk ... rif; 'ku©a&mufaewmudk udk,f ulnDekdifygrvdrfhr,f}}
[k arhavsmhpGm t*Fvdyfvdk aNymvdkufrdawmh olr rsufarSmifwGefUoGm;
\/ t*Fvdyfvdk aNymNcif;tm; pdwfwkdoGm;[ef&Sdaom olr rsufeSm
xm;aMumihf ol csufcsif; Nrefrmvdk NyefaNymif;aNymvkdufonf/
]]rif;ukd udk,f ulnD&rvm;}}
olru &Tef;vJh0dkif;pufaom rsuf0ef;rsm;Nzihf wpfatmihfavmuf
Mumatmif olUudk pkdufMunhfNyD;rS olU aemufbufokdU vSrf;Munhf\/
olUaemufwGif EkdifiHNcm;{nhfonf oHk;a,mufygvmwmudk NrifoGm;
aomtcg tenf;i,f &Sd;wdk;&SefUwefU NzpfoGm;NyD; EIwfcrf;rsm;
wNznf;Nzn;f NyHK;vm\/ awmfawmf tqifaNyaom rsufESmuav;
ygvm;/
]][kwfuJh uRefr 'DtvkyfrSm enf;enf;nHhygw,f}}
]]udk,fuawmh 'DtvkyfrSm wwfuRrf;ygw,f/ 'geJU rif;'D
ausmufxGif; pmawGxJudk aoaocsmcsm zkefokwfNyD;om;vm;}}
olru pl;&Saom rsuf0ef;Nzihf wpfcsuf pdkufMunhfum cyfwnf
wnfaNz\/
]]NyD;NyD? b&yf&SfeJUokwfxm;NyD;om;? b&yf&SfrS ESpfrsdK;
tMurf;a&m?teka&m}}
[m ... avoHu b,fvdkygvdrhf/ olrudk ulnDol wpfa,muf
udkaNymaom avoHrsdK; r[kwfbJ? taESmihft,Sufay;ol wpfa,muf
udk aNymaom avoHrsdK;ygvm;/
]]ulvDulrmpdwfeJU vma&mw,fvkdUawmh rxifeJU trd/ *smref
vlrsdK;awGa&SUrSm rif;aMumihf usKyfyg emrnfysufoGm;rSmpdk;vkdU vm ul
82
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nDwm &Sif;vm;}} [k vTwfceJ aNymrdawmhrvdk NzpfoGm;onf/ odkU
aomf ol xdef;csKyfvdkufygonf/
olu rkdif;udkifpuúL topfwpf&Gufudk awmif;um a&qGwfvdkuf
NyD; b,folUtultnDrS rygbJ ausmufpmcsyfrsufESmNyifay:okdU
uRrf;usifpGm aooyfpGm zduyfvdkuf\/
]]rif;wkdUu vufeJU wtm;qGJNyD; zdypfwmudk;? Murf;Murf;wrf;
wrf; zdvdkUr&bl;/ rif;aMumihf Nrefrm vlrsdK;awG emrnfysufoGm;NyD/
rif; od&JUvm;}}
]]bmaNymw,f}}
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awGU&í aumufudkifum t0wfudk vHk;pkvsuf puúLay:rS nifom
pGm vkdufzday;onf/
]]'DpuúLeJU ravmufbl;? aemufwpf&Guf a&qGwf? enf;enf;u
av;qGwfaemf? aysmhzwfNyefNzpfoGm;atmif pdrfrypfeJU}}
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onf/
]]a&mh ...}}
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oHk;&awmhrnhfyHkygyJvm;/ odkYaomf ol bmrS apm'urwufbJ pm
&Gufukd ausmufcsyfatmufydkif;rSm xyfí uyfvkduf\/ xkdUaemuf
t0wfvHk;Nzihf nifompGm vdkufzday;vdkufonf/
]]a&mh ... rif;qufNyD; t0wfeJUzdaevdkuf? pm&GufawG enf;enf;
83
aNcmufoGm;rS wdyfeJUuyfNyD; quf&r,f? rif;rSm wdyfyg&JUvm;}}
]][kwfuJh}}
trsdK;orD;\ezl;rSm aqmif;wGif;0ifcgp Nzpfvsu acR;pdkUí
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tvGef&Sm;yg;onfh ezl;trsdK;tpm;Nzpfonf/ ol oufNyif;wpfcsuf cs
NyD; aemufqkwfvdkuf\/
]]rkd;a0? tJ'Drdef;uav;udk "mwfyHk &dkufvkdU&rvm;}}
za&mpwkdU(Zf)u rkd;a0udk cyfwkd;wkd;uav; ar;\/
ol rtHhMoyg/
,ckacwf Nrefrm trsdK;orD;i,fuav;rsm;wGif awGU&cJaom
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]][kwfuJh uRefawmf BudK;pm;Munhfyg&ap}}
ausmufpm tay:buf tem;udk vuf0g;apmif;Nzihf cyfqwf
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av;udk tuJcwfovdk vSrf;MunhfNyD;rS trsdK;orD;udk cyfwnfwnf
Munhfvdkuf\/
]]udk,fhemrnf rkd;a0vdkUac:ygw,f/ rif;emrnfudk odcGihf&Sdvm;}}
olr zswfceJ vSrf;Munhfum rNyHK;r&,f £aNE´rsufeSmxm;Nzihf
wkd;wdwfpGm aNz\/
]]auoD}}
]][kwfNyD auoD? 'D*smreftrsdK;orD;u rif;udk "mwfyHk&dkufcsif
w,fwJh ...? tJ'g cGifhNyKekdifrvm;}}
]]tdk ...}}
olr\ NzL0if;aom yg;NyifESpfbufrSm yef;a&mif &JceJ eDoGm;\
yg;vsm;aom yg;NyifxufrS aoG;aMumpdrf;uav;rsm;onf yef;a&mif
aemufcHwGif pdrf;Nyma&mif tpif;aMumif;auG;auG;uav;awGtNzpf
84
vSypGm wnf&Sdaeavonf/ tif; ... wu,fhudk *EÅ0ifyHkpHygyJvm;/
oluyJ rdef;rawGudk arharhavsmhavsmh xm;rdvdkUvm; rod/ ,ckvdk
rdef;rwpfa,muf &SufaoG;Nzef;oGm;yHkrsdK; wpfcgrS trSwfxifxif
rNrifbl;yg/
olronf olUtrdefUtwdkif; rdkif;ukdifpuúLudk ausmufxGif;pmvHk;
uav;rsm; atmufaNctxd epf0if ysHUESHoGm;atmif t0wfpNzihf nif
ompGm zdESdyfay;&if;u wpfatmihfavmuf NidrfoufoGm;\/ NyD;rS
zswfceJ NyefvSnhfum ....
]]uRefr Niif;vdkuf&if bmNzpfoGm;rvJ}} [k ar;\/ ol tenf;
i,f pdwfwdkoGm;\/
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rif; rmeBuD;w,fvdkU olwkdU xifcsifxifr,f? 'grSr[kwf t&Suft
aMumufBuD;w,fvdkU olwkdU xifcsifxifr,f? &dkif;yif;ulnDrI r&Sdbl;
vdkU xifcsifxifr,f}}
]]&Sifua&m b,fvdk xifNrifcsuf ay;rvJ}}
]]'guawmh rif;vGwfvyfcGihfeJU rif;yJ? vlwpfa,mufrSm udk,f
rodwJh EkdifiHNcm;om;awG&JU "mwfyHk&dkufvdkrIukd vGwfvyfpGm Niif;y,f
cGihf &Sdw,f}}
]]&SifaNymwJh &dkif;yif;ulnDrI qkdwma&m}}
awmfawmf vQm&SnfwJh rdef;r/
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awGrS r[kwfwm/ b0rSm ta&;BuD;wmu udk,hftvkyfudk rSefrSef
uefuef vkyfzdkUygyJ}}
olru awmufyaom rsuf0ef;rsm;Nzihf olUudkwpfcsuf pdkuf
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wif; aphxm;aom rkd;a0\EIwfcrf;rsm; auG;nGwfoGm;rvkd NzpfoGm;
85
\/ bk&m;a& ig olUudkNyHK;NyrdawmhrvdkU xifyg&JU/ rdk;a0onf &I
wnfwnf rsufeSmxm;Nzpfatmif Nyefxdef;vsuf olrudk iHkUMunhf
onf/
]]uJ ... b,fvdkvJ udk,f0rf;enf;aMumif; aNymNyD; Niif;vdkuf&r
vm;}}
]][ifhtif; ... rNiif;eJU/
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r,frif;BuD;r awmfawmf [efBuD;yefBuD; ekdifygvm;/
trsdK;orD;u udk,fudkudkif;xm;&mrS rwfwyf &yfvdkuf\/
trsdK;orD;\ t&yfonf 5ay 6vufr&Sdaom olUt&yfxufyif
Nrihfaeonf/ ol tHhMooGm;\/ 'Davmuf t&yf&Snfvdrhfrnf[k arQmf
vihfrxm;yg/ aemufrS trsdK;orD;\wpfvufrcGJavmuf &SdEdkifaom
cGmNrifhzdeyfudk owdNyKrdonf/ 'Davmuf uvefuvm;eJU 'DyJifq,f
[D;vfukd pD;wm axmuf&if 'Drdef;r a,muFsm;awGudk enf;enf;rS
nSmwmpdwf r&Sdbl;eJUwlw,f/
]]aumif;NyD rif; oabmwl&if rif;udk olwkdUtzGJUeJU rdwfqufay;
r,f [kwfvm;/ 'geJU olu b,folwJhvJ? rif;eJU bmawmfovJ}}
vli,fuav;u ausmufpm\ aemufbufwGif oHywfukefae
aom t&kyfwpfckvdk ysif;wd ysif;wGJ rwfwwf&yfqJ ....
]]olu uRefr&JUarmifav;? pnfolvkdU ac:ygw,f}}
rkd;a0onf za&mpwkdU(Zf)bufokdU vSnhfvdkuf\/
]]olu *kPf,lpGm oabmwlwJhtaMumif; aNymygw,f/ cifAsm;
wdkUudk rdwfqufay;yg&ap}}
cGmNrifhzdeyfcsif;twlwl *smreftrsdK;orD;u auoDhxuf t&yf
tenf;i,f edrfhcsifcsif/ ol wpfa,mufcsif; nTefí rdwfquf\/
]]olu tzGJUacgif;aqmif a'gufwmtD&pf(csf)a0h(Zf)? olu
86
a'gufwm z&pf(Zf)pwkdU(Zf)? 'DtrsdK;orD;uawmh a'gufwm pwdkU(Zf)
&JUZeD; za&mtuf'empwdkU(Zf)wJh}}
aNymNyD; wpfvufpwnf; auoDhudk vufaNrSmuf nTefNyvsuf ...
]]'Drdef;uav;uawmh auoD Nzpfygw,f/ cifAsm;wkdU olUemrnf
udk pD? at? wD? tdyf(csf)? 0dkifeJU aygif;ekdifygw,f/ [kwf&JUvm;
auoD}}
auoDu tenf;i,f acgif;nTwfí av;pm;rINyonfqkd&HkNyum
vSy pGm NyHK;avonf/
b,favmuf udef;BuD;cef;BuD;ekdifr,fh rdef;rvJ/
]]tJ ... oluawmh auoD&JUarmifti,f emrnfu pnfolvkdU
ac:ygw,f}}
]]tkd 'Demrnfudk igodw,f}} a'gufwma0h(Zf)u 0rf;omtm;&
toHxGufNy\/
]]pnfol? pnfolwpf pnfolESpfwkdU[m yk*Hrif;awGyJ}}
ol NyHK;vdkufonf/ auoDuvnf; vSpfceJ NyHK;vdkufwm owd
xm;rd\/ 'D udk;&dk;um;,m; t0wftpm;yHkpHa[mif;awGeJUawmif
awmfawmfvSwJh rdef;uav;yJ/
xkdUaemuf auoDhudk olwkdUtm;vHk; cGihfawmif;um "mwfyHk&dkuf
Buawmhonf/
]]rkd;a0? uwfoDukd apmapmuvdk tvkyfNyefvkyfygap/ tJ'D [ef
udk vdkcsifw,f}}
þodkUNzihf auoDonf rlvyHkpHtwkdif; ausmufpma&SUwGif udk,f
udkudkif;um rdkif;udkifpuúLudk t0wfNzihfzdaomtvkyfukd yHkrSeftwkdif;
Nyefvkyfonf/ za&mpwdkU(Zf)u &IUaxmifhtrsdK;rsdK;Nzihf "mwfyHk&dkuf,l
\/ teD;uyfyHk? cyfa0;a0;yHk/
]]ighudk ar;cGihfNyKyg uwfoD? tJ'g bmtwGufvJ}} a'gufwma0h
87
(Zf)u ausmufpmudk nTefNyí auohDukd t*Fvdyfbmompum;Nzihf
wkduf&dkuf pum;aNymavonf/ auoDu tif; ...tJ..eSihf xpfaighpGm
a&&Gwf&if; olUudkarmhMunhfNyD;rS Nrefrmvdk aNzonf/
]]uRefr NrefrmpmeJU r[m0dZÆm aemufqHk;ESpfatmifNyD;om;yg/
'D[mu uRefrNyKpkaewJh usrf;twGuf tenf;tusOf; taxmuftul
Nzpfygw,f/ tJ'g &Sif;Nyay;vdkufygaemf}}
ol tenf;i,f acgif;nTwfvsuf a'gufwm a0h(Zf)udk t*Fvdyf
bmom wpf0uf? *smrefbmom wpf0ufNzihf bmomNyefay;vdkuf\/
a'gufwmu acgif;wndwfndwfESihf oabmuspGm NyHK;ae\/
xdkUaemuf ....
]]'g bmausmufpmvJ}} [k olUudkar;\/ ol csufcsif;raNzekdifbJ
awGa0oGm;pOf auoDu olUudk armhMunhfum ....
]]'gwkdif;cRwfbk&m; ausmufpmav}}[k taNzay;\/ olu
a'gufwmudk wpfvHk;csif; emrnf&GwfNyvdkuf\/
]]rdk;a0 'Dausmufpmudk ol zwfwwfr,fvdkU igx,fw,f}}
]][kwfuJh Nzpfekdifygw,f}}
]]'gNzihf [dkausmufpmudkvJ ol zwfwwfvdrfhr,f}}
]]NzpfEdkifygw,f/ cifAsm; qE´&Sd&if olUudk tultnDawmif;ay;
yghr,f}}
xkdUaemufpuúLudk ,yfcwfay;aeaom auoDteD;wGif ol &yf
vdkuf\/ tkwfcHkay:wGif wifxm;aom wdyfNym;uav;udk aumuf
udkifMunhf&if; ....
]]auoD? rif; olwdkUudk wpfck ulnDEkdifrvm;? a[m
[dk apmrif;vwf ausmufpmudk olwkdUudk zwfNyekdifrvm;}} [kar;
vdkuf\/
auoD rsufarSmif wGefUoGm;Nyefonf/
88
]]apmrif;vwf? ausmufpm "mwfyHkpmtkyfxJrSmawmh uRefr tm;
vHk;zwfzl;ygw,f/ 'gayr,hf "mwfyHkeJUtNyifeJU uGmNcm;rI &Sd r&Sd rod
ekdifbl;av/ 'gayr,hf 'Dausmufpm[m uRefr&JU oD;qpfxJrSmvJ yg
aew,f/ yk*Hacwfv,fydkif; ausmufpmqkdawmh zwfekdifygvdrfhr,f}}
]]aus;Zl;wifygw,f auoD}}
auoDonf eHywf 46 ausmufpmwkdifa&SUwGif rwfwwf&yfum
rsufcHk;yifhvsuf cPNidrfoufpGmavhvmonf/ xkdUaemuf vufonf;
&Snfrxm;aom nDnmpGmwdNzwfxm;onfh vufonf;rsm;&Sdaom
vufacsmif;oG,foG,fuav;rsm;Nzihf ausmufxGif;tu©&mrsm;udk wkdU
xd prf;oyfMunhf&if; cyfNznf;Nznf; zwfoGm;onf/
]]earm ...Ak'¨g, ... ouú&pf 593 ck pdóESpf awmfovif;v
qef; 11 &uf aomMumaeUtm; ....}}
rkd;a0onf ouú&mZf 593 udk {nfhonfrsm;tm; pl;pdkufEkdif&ef
638 Nzihfaygif;NyD; c&pfouú&mfZftNzpf wGufay;vdkuf\/ pdóESpf
udkawmh EdkifiHNcm;om;rsm; em;vnf&ef b,fvdkrS ol rBudK;pm;Ekdifyg/
yk*HacwfwGif Nyu©'defESpfrsm;udk trnfrsm;Nzihf azmfNyavh&SdaMumif;
aumZmouú&mZfudkwnf 2 Ekwf? 12ESihfpm;vQif 3<uif;ygu pdó
ESpf NzpfaMumif; &Sif;NyvQif olwkdU ysif;&dNiD;aiGUoGm;Ekdifygonf/
]]bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wem; oHk;yg;ü &kdaoNrwfekd;pGm
xaom apmrif;vwfonf ....
þrQtxd rdk;a0twGuf bmomNyef&ef tcuftcJr&Sdyg/
]]omoemü aumif;aw ,HkMunfpGmí o'¨gMunfnkdpGmoNzihf
qif;&Jcyfodrf;Nidrf;&mNzpfaom edAÁefcsrf;omudk vdkcsifaomaMumihf....}}
]]cPav; auoD}}
olonf twwfEkdifqHk; bmomNyefzdkU BudK;pm;&if; tenf;i,f
NyHK;rdrvdk NzpfoGm;\/ tif; ... rNzpfygbl;? nus&ifawmh ygarmu©
89
OD;{armif\ yk*Hausmufpmvufa&G;pifudk zwfNyD; olwkdUem;vnf
atmif t*Fvdyfvdk &kdrifEdkifaZ;&Sif; vkyfay;OD;rSeJU wlw,f/ olUrSm
yk*Hc&D;twGuf þausmufpm pmtkyfwpfckom ygonf/
ausmufpm\ tv,fydkif;pmaMumif;rsm;rSm apmrif;vwf\
tvINyKyHkrsm; Nzpf\/ v,faygif;rsm;pGmudk t&yfwumü vI\/ 'g
awGu rcufcJyg/
aMumufp&maumif;aom usdefpmusrS rkd;a0 twGuf tcuftcJ
Nzpfaeawmhonf/
]]þ igvIaomudk vk,ufzsufqD;o olum; þ vlvufxuf
vnf; tNypf&Spfyg; a&mufapownf;}}
þ vlvufxufvn;f[laom pum;udk ]raorD vlYtNzpfü} [k
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]]cE¨mysufí aocaomfvn;f onf;Zdk;i&J? umvokwfi&J?
wmye i&J? ywmye i&J? oCmw i&J? a,m,0 i&J?
r[ma&m&0 i&J?t0Dpd i&J .....}}
aumif;NyD/ xkdi&Jrsm;\ emrnfudk ol cufcufcJcJ &Gwf&\/
auoDu olUtNzpfukdyJ oabmusaeovm;? ausmufpm\
usdefpmudkyJ oabmusavovm; rod? EIwfcrf;rsm; auG;nGwfpGm
NyHK;ae\/
ausmufpmt& ]a'0'wfcH&aom i&Jxuf tqaygif; &m?
axmif? odef;csDí waNymif;NyefNyef cH&apownf;} [kyg&m a'0'wf
onf a*gwrAk'¨\ a,mufzawmfNzpfaMumif;? Ak'üdk trsdK;rsdK;aESmihf
,Suf zsufqD;oNzihf i&JwGif a&mufaeaMuimf; &Sif;Nyvkdufygonf/
apmrif;vwfonf ol vSLaomajrwkdYukd ,lrnfha,muFsm; rdef;r
wkdYtwGuf usdefpmoyfoyf xm;cJh\/ ]]txlvnf; t&uf 60 oGm;
tvsm; teH t&uf 60 oGm;aom ausmufzsmBuD;wGif cg;wkdifESpf
90
vsuf a&vnf;r& tpm;vnf;r& vQmig;vHxGufvQuf cHapownf;}}
vlwpfa,muf ESpfvMumatmif vrf;avQmufoGm;&onfhc&D;
tuGmta0;cefU txl&Sdaom? xkd tuGmta0;cefU tvsm; teHrsm; &Sd
aom ausmufzsmonf b,favmufrsm; BuD;rm; xlxJvdrfhrnfenf;
[k [mopGufvsuf ol awG;vdkufrdao;\/ vQmig;vH[laom pum;
ukdawmh OD;azarmifwif\ yk*Hausmufpmvm Ak'¨bmom[laom t*F
vdyfbmomNyef aqmif;yg;xJutwkdi;f ig;zmoGef[k bmomNyefay;
vdkufavonf/
iguGm bmNzpfvkdUrsm; bmomNyefaNymzdkU cufcJwJh apmrif;vwf
&JU ausmufpma&SUrS a&mufatmif ac:oGm;rdygvdrfh/ awmfygao;&JU
q&mBuD; azarmifwif u,fayvkdU/
]]auoD rif;a&S;a[mif; okawweXmerSm tvkyfvkyfzdkU aumif;
w,f}}
þonfrSm olUb0wGif rdef;rwpfa,mufukd av;pm;[efNzihf
twwfEkdifqHk; csD;aNrSmufaompum; Nzpfavonf/
]]aus;Zl;wifygw,f/ 'gayr,hf uRefr rEÅav;wuúodkvfrSm
Nrefrmpm enf;Nyvkyfaeygw,f}}
olonf aemufrSNrifae&aom auoD\ qHyifxHk;zGJUrIukd wtHh
wMoai;rdonf/ qHxHk;cyfao;ao;udk OD;acgif;aemufbuf tay:
ususae&mwGif xHk;NyD; 4if;qHxHk;uav;udk a&Ta&mif tpGyfuav;
Nzihf tkyfxm;onf/ a&SmufoD;wpfvHk;udk xufNcrf;Ncrf;NyD; arSmuf
xm;onfh yHkpHuav;? a&SmufoD;tcGHvdk a&Ta&mif tydwfcsnf;r[kwf
bJ? txJu qHyifawGudk awGUNrifae&atmif usJyg;pGm pDxm;aom
a&Ta&mif oHacsmif;cHk;cHk;uav;rsm;Nzihf NyKvkyfxm;aom qHtkyfNzpf\/
]]usdefpm odyfNyif;xefw,f 'gawGudk rif; ,Hkovm;}} [k
a'gufwm pwkdU(Zf)u ar;onf/
91
ol ycHk;wGefUum tenf;i,f NyHK;vkdufonf/
]],Hkekdifp&m taMumif;awG&Sdygw,f/ vSHtpif; 100xdNyD; aoyg
apvdkU usdefxm;wJh ausmufpmawG&Sdw,f/ uRefawmfwkdU vlUavmu
rSm rawmfwq xdcdkufNyD; aoqHk;wmawG trsm;BuD;&Sdaeygw,f/
Oyrm 0g;tcRefay: vdrfhusNyD; &ifbwfuae ausmtxd aygufxGuf
wmrsdK;? um;eJUpufbD;eJU wkdufrdNyD; um;aemufu oHydkufvHk;awG
&if0udk pl;NyD; aowmrsdK;}}
*smrefrsm;u vufcHcsifyHkNzihf acgif;ndwfum todtrSwfNyKMu
onf/
]]'DusdefpmeJU ywfouf&ifawmh um;wpfpD; tNynfh bdvyfaNr
tdwfawGeJUydNyD; aowmrsdK;? aNrysdKydNyD; aowmrsdK;? ivsif'Pf AHk;'Pf
aMumihf tkwfeH&HawG NydKusNyD; aowmrsdK;? tJvdk qifwltNzpfrsdK;udk
pOf;pm;Munhfoihfw,f}}
]]NzpfysufoGm;cJhzl; ovm;}}
ol acgif;ndwfNyvdkufonf/
]]bk&m;awGukd EkdifiHNcm; ckd;xkwfwJholwkdU? Xmyem azmufxGif;ckd;
,lolwkdU NzpfBuzl;ygw,f}}
vGefcJhwJh ESpfaygif; 70 ausmfavmufu yk*Hu tekynmqkdif&m
yef;csDawG cGm,loGm;wJh cifAsm;wkdU *smrefvlrsdK;wpfa,mufa&m b,f
vdk Zmwfodrf;oGm;ygovJ[k ar;vdkufzdkUawmh raumif;ay/vlrsdK;wkdif;
rSm xdef;odrf;ol Nrwfekd;ol &Sdovdk zsufqD;olvnf; &SdrSmayhg/
aemufNyD; xkdolonf a&S;a[mif;tarGtESpfudk csD;usL; thHMopdwfNzihf
r&ru ckd;,loGm;wm Nzpfekdifygonf/
t0if0teD;&Sd (auoD rkdif;udkifpuúLNzihfuyfxm;aom) wkdif;cRwf
bk&m;ausmufpmteD;okdU a&mufaomtcg puúLrSm aNcmufaoGUpNyKae
NyD/
92
]]'geJU riful;zdkU ausmufpmu 'gwpfckwnf;vm;}}
]]r[kwfbl;? oHysif&ifawmif ausmufpm usefao;w,f/ [kd
tv,fem;rSm}}
]][m 'gqkd rif; rkdif;udkifpuúLudk a&qGwfNyD; ausmufpmay:oGm;
zdxm;ay;zdkUaumif;w,f/ 'grS tcsdefodyfrapmihf&rSm/ aeOD;'Dausmuf
pmudk udk,f rifvdrfhay;cJhr,f/ ukd,fwkdU NrefrmawG&JU ausmufpm rif
vSdrfhul;yHkukd *smrefvlrsdK;awG Nrif&wmaygh}}
auoDu ]]aus;Zl;wifygw,f}}[k NyHK;&,frI r&Sdaom rsufeSm
xm;Nzihf aNym\/ wkda&&Sm;a& aus;Zl;pum;ygvm;/
olonf rifbl;udk zGifhvdkuf\/ xkdUaemuf uwfxlkbl;Nzifh xnhf
xm;aom rifcH yvdwfNym;udk auoDhtultnDNzihf xkwf,lvdkuf
onf/ yvdwfNym;ay:okdU riftenf;i,f avmif;csNyD; auoDvSrf;ay;
aom rifvSdrfhvHk; (Roller) Nzihf yvdyfNym;ay:rSm nDnmpGmvSdrfhay;vdkuf
onf/ av;ig;cgvSdrfhNyD;aomtcg nmbufqDrS rD;a&mifwpfcsuf
vwfceJyGihfoGm;wmudk owdNyKrdvdkuf\/
ol atmihfoufoufNzihf nmbufab;odkU vSnhfMunhfawmh
awmif;yefovdk NyHK;Nyaeaom za&mpwkdU(Zf)u aemufwpfBudrf uifr
&mudk aNrSmufvkdufNyefaomaMumihf ol uref;uwef; ausmufpmbuf
odkU NyefvSnhfvdkufonf/ olUrsufESm ydkí rIefoGm;[efukd auoDu
oa&mfovdk vSr;fMunhfaewmudk owdNyKrd\/
ol rifvSdrfhvHk;udk ausmufpmtay:ydkif;puúLtzsm;upícyfMurf;
Murf; vSdrfh,lvdkufonf/ ol a'gotenf;i,f xGufaeaomaMumihf
olpum;aNymaomtcg avoHu rmoGm;\/
]]udk,hfudk MunhfraeeJU? udk,f rifvSdrfhwJh riftxltyg;udkom
owdxm;Munhf? 'grS rif;&JU riful;ausmufpmrSm rifawG enf;oGm;
wmwdkU rsm;oGm;wmwkdU rnDwmwkdU r&SdrSm}}
93
]][kwfuJh uRefrwkdUausmif;olb0wkef;uq&mrBuD;eJUtzGJUvdkuf
'DvmNyD; vufawGU vkyfNyzl;ygw,f/ rifvSdrfhwmawmh uRefr odyfnHh
rSm r[kwfygbl;}}
&,fcsifovdk toHpGufaeaom auoDhpum;ukd ol owdxm;rd
pGm atmihfoufoufNzihf vSnhfMunhfrdckduf rD;a&mif zswfceJ yGihfoGm;
Nyef\/
olUrsufeSm apmapmuxufydkí wif;rmoGm;onf/
]]&SifMunhfprf; 'DESpfa,muf[m odyfNcm;em;wJh qefUusifbuf
[ef ESpfckyJ}}
cyfwkd;wkd;aNymvdkufaom za&mpwdkU(Zf)\ *smrefpum;udk ol
wpfpGef;wpfp Mum;vkduf&\/ onfawmhrS ol NyHK;rdoGm;onf/
[kwfyg&JU? wpfa,mufu pydkU(wf)&SyfeJU? abmif;bDu ,aeUvl
i,fawG0wfaom acwfa&SUaNy;yHkpHr[kwfbJ? vlBuD;vlaumif; wpf
a,muf0wfaom abmif;bDyHkpH/ aemufwpfa,mufu &ifzHk;tusÐrSmrS
&Sm;yg;aom uGif;Mu,foD;wyf? xbDuvn;f ,aeUrdef;uav;rsm;
0wfavhr&Sdaom a,mcsdwfvHkcsnf? aemufNyD; qHxHk; ao;ao;uav;
eSihf/
tif ... igwkdUESpfa,mufuawmh [moawG NzpfukefNyD/
ol ausmufpmwpfcsyfvHk; rifvSdrfhay;aevdkuf&aomfvnf; wwf
ekdiforQ þae&mu cGmcsifvSNyD/
]]Nrefrmausmufpm tu©&myHkpHawGu odyfvSw,f}} [k aNymcJhzl;
aoma'gufwma0(Zf)onf twGif;NywkdufzGihfcsdefudkapmihf&if; ausmuf
pmwdkifrsm;Mum;wGif tvkyf&IyfaeqJ/
]]&Sifh{nhfonf [kd t&yft&SnfqHk;vlu ausmufpmawGudkpdwf0if
pm;yHk&w,faemf/ olu bmvJ[if}}
auoDu rdkif;udkifpuúLtopfwpf&Gufudk a&qGwfae&mrS cyfwkd;
94
wkd;uav; pyfpk\/ ol auoDhudk pdwfvkdvuf& NyHK;Nyvdkufrdonf/
]]olu bGef;wuúodkvf tkd&D,ifw,fvfpwif'f'DXmeu tqkdqD
,dwf ya&mfzufqmwJh}}
]]aMomf ...}}
]]olu Adokumynmudk pdwf0ifpm;w,f/ [kd ...*smreftrsdK;orD;
u yef;csDenf;NywJh? olUa,muFsm;uawmh rekóynm&SifwJh}}
]]aumif;vdkufwm}}
]][m ... b,faumif;rvJ}}
ol eIwfcrf;udk &GJUvsuf acgif;cg,rf;vdkufrd\/
]]udk,f yifyef;wmayhg/ Adokum vuf&mawGudk aphaphpyfpyfNy&
OD;r,f/ aemufqkd wpfzGJUwnf; wpfrsdK;wnf;vmygvkdU arwÅm&yfcH&
r,hfyHk ay:aeNyD/ tck[mu &wJh&ufuvJ enf;w,f/ Ny&r,hf teky
nmu eSpfrsdK;oHk;rsdK;? 'gawmif olwkdUu ,Gef;vkyfief;ukdavhvmcsif
ao;wJh? 'DMum;xJ ausmufpmvJ pdwf0ifpm;vdkufao;w,f}}
auoDu ESmacgif;uav; &IHUí &,farmaomtcg apmapmu
wnfwHh aom £aNE´rsm; vGihfpOfoGm;onf/
]]'Dr,f &Sihfudk uRefrtMuHwpfckay;r,f? &Sif olrsm;&JUtBuHOmPf
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]]odyfawmh tavhtusihf r&Sdbl;/ 'gayr,hf aNymav? vkdtyf&if
vufcHrSmyg}}
]]tJ'D {nhfonfawGukd t*FvdyfbmomNyefNyD;om; ausmufpm
awG ay;zwfvdkufygvm;? wcsdKUwpf0uf ol zwfzl;w,fvkdU aNymoH
Mum;vkdufygw,f}}
]]'gawmh rif;aNymrSvm;uGm? ukd,f awG;rdom;yJ/ cufwmu
udk,hfrSm ygrvmbl;av/ olwkdUvdkcsifwJh tcsuftvufawG tMurf;
zsif;aqG;aEG;aewkef;u Adokumqkdif&meJU eH&Haq;a&; yef;csDyJvdkUaNym
95
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96
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97
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99
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100
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102
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103
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104
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ol &kyfysufqif;ysuf rNiif;csifaomaMumifh pnfolESihftwlvdkuf
vmonf/ ol 0ifxdkifvdkufawmh auoDu acgif;ndwf EIwfqufNy&Hk
yJ/ Munhf&wm rkd;a0udk tcJaus[ef rwlyg/
]][Jvkd ... auoD? r*Fvm eHeufcif;yg}} [k ol arhavsmhpGmEIwf
qufawmh auoDu ]]r*Fvmyg}}[k Nrefrmvdk EIwfqufonf/
]]udkrkd;a0 uRefawmfwkdU [if;rSmNyD;NyD? ukef;abmifBuD;aMumf&,f?
0ufyJig;yd&,f? tpdrf;aMumf&,f? ,dk;',m; [if;csdK&,f rSmxm;w,f/
cifAsm; bmxyfrSm OD;rvJ}}
]]rrSmawmhygbl;/ 'geJU vHkavmufrSmyg/ wpfckawmh &Sdw,f/ 'D
ukefusp&dwfukd udk,fay;&rSNzpfr,f}}
]][m ... bmNzpfvdkUvJ/ cifAsm;rodvkdU rru abmfZmAs}}
105
ol auoDhudk vSrf;Munhfawmh auoDu olUukdpdkufMunhfaeonf
eSihf qHkoGm;\/ olU&ifxJrSwpfckckudk xkdrsufvHk;rsm;u qGJi,f,loGm;
awmhrvdk cHpm;vdkuf&onf/ 'Drdef;r nd§KUwwfw,feJUwlw,f/olNAKef;
qkd rsufpd vTJypfvdkuf&onf/
]]'gayr,hf udk,fu olpdrf; rdef;rwpfa,muf tvum;auR;wJh
xrif;ukd rpm;csifbl;av? ukd,hf&JU aMumifuGufwpfckyJvdkU ausmif;ae
zufrdef;uav;awG rSwfcsufcszl;w,f/ bmyJNzpfNzpf tcktcsdeftxd
b,frdef;rurS udk,hfudk xrif;auR;cGihf r&ao;bl;uG}}
]]&Sif awmfawmf BuD;us,fwJhvlygvm;}}
aNym&if; tHhMop&maumif;pGm auoDu toHxGuf&,farmav
onf/ auoDh&,foHrSm 0gnufNyD; tufonf/ rdef;uav;trsm;pkqD
rSm Mum;aeus pl;&Sao;rQifaom &,foHrsdK;r[kwf/
]]'gNzihf&ifvJ uRefrwdkUarmifESrtwGuf *dkuf('f)vkyfay;av? 'g
qkd&if &Sif ... 'Dxrif;udk tvum;pm;wm b,f[kwfawmhvdkUvJ}}
]][m rruvJAsm}}
ol rsufceJ atmifhoGm;onf/ pdwfudk xdef;csKyfrxm;rdvQif xkdif&mrS
0kef;ceJ xxGufoGm;rdrnf/ a'goNzihf auoDh rsufESmudk
vSrf;Munhfawmh vSyaom tNyHK;uav; wpfck/ ol pdwfoufom&m
&oGm;onf/
]]xrif;wpfeyfeJUawmh udk,f 'Dtvkyfudk b,fvkyfekdifrvJ/
udk,fh&JU 0ifaiGu wpf&ufukd NrefrmaiG ESpf&m &Sdw,f}}
pnfolu &TDueJavcRefvsuf ]]b,fqkd;vdkUvJAs?uRefawmfawmif
vkyfcsifpdwfaygufvmNyD}} [k 0ifaNym\/
]]oabmu &Sif uRefrwkdUudk vrf;nTefay;zdkU uRefrwdkUu &Sihfudk
NrefrmaiG ESpf&m ay;&r,fayhg}}
]]ti;f ...tJ'Dvdk oabmrsdK;ygyJ/ 'gayr,hf wpfckawmh &Sdw,f/
106
udk,fwkdU tcsif;csif; oabmwlnDrI wpfck,l&atmif/ udk,fu rif;wkdY
udk ukd,fwdkUoGm;r,hf ae&mawG tm;vHk;ac:oGm;ay;r,f/ rif;u udk,hf
{nfhonhfawGtvGefpdwf0ifpm;wJh ausmufpmawG awGU&if zwfNy ay;&
r,f/ 'gqkd&if aiGudpö rvdkawmhbl;av}}
auoD aemufwpfBudrf &,farmNyefonf/
]]'Dtwkdif;qdk&if uRefr&JU ausmufpm uRrf;usifrIu &Sihf&JUvkyf
ief;uRrf;usifrIeJU wef;wl wefzdk;&Sdw,fvdkU ,lqvdkuf&rvm;}}
ol auoDhudkMunhf&if; NyHK;vdkufonf/
]]tJ'Dvdk ,lqvdkufyg}}
xkdUaemuf olwkdUoHk;a,muf NydKifwl &,farmvdkufMuonf/ au
oDESihf olUMum;wGif&Sdaom tmCmwrsm; wNznf;Nznf; vGihfaysmuf
awmhrnf[k cHpm;vdkU&aeonf/
]]&Sihfudk raeUnupum;awGt&tuJcwf&wm &Sift&ufaomuf
wwfvdrfhr,fvdkU xifygw,f? tJ'g [kwfovm;}}
] ][kwfw,f? t&ufaomufwm[m aq;vdyfaomufwmavmuf
awmif ynm rvdkygbl;}}
]]tckaum &Sif aomufr,fvdkU pdwful;xm;ovm;[if}}
awmfawmf pyfpkwJhrdef;ryJ/ ol csufNcif; raNzbJ taNzukd pOf;
pm;vdkufao;\/
]]udk,fhtvkyfawGu udk,hfudk aomufcGifh ray;bl;/ udk,f[m
vlBuD;vlaumif; wpfa,mufNzpfw,fqkdwm {nhfonfawG ,HkzdkUxuf
udk,hfudk,fudk ,HkzdkUvdkw,f/ vlawG[m b,ftcsdefrSm t&ufaomuf
oihfw,f? b,ftcsdefrSm t&uf raomufoihfbl;qkdwm qHk;Nzwfekdif
Buygw,f/ tenf;qHk; udk,fuawmh qHk;Nzwfekdifw,fav}}
þtaNzonf auoD htwGuf vHkavmufvdrfhrnf[k xifonf/
]]'geJU uRefrwkdU b,fawGa&mufNyD;NyDvJvdkU &Sif rar;ao;bl;}}
107
'ku©ygvm;/
]][kwfvm; udk,far;oihfovm;/ 0rf;enf;ygw,f udk,frS pdwf
r0ifpm;wm}}
]]tdk.... pdwf0ifpm;&rSmayhg/ yk*Hukd wpfacgufyJ cPa&mufzl;wJh
armifESr eSpfa,muf *dkuf('f)rygbJ b,fawGavQmufa&mufrvJqkd
wm &Sif pdwfukd0ifpm;&r,f}}
olru twif;tusyf oabmrsdK; aNymawmh olyg;pyfta[mif;
om; NzpfoGm;\/
]]aumif;NyD? udk,f pdwf0ifpm;oGm;NyD? rif;wkdU b,fawGa&mufcJh
ovJ}}
auoDu ycHk;av;wGefUum toH rxGufatmif &,favonf/
]]oAÁnKbk&m;udk a&mufw,f/ r[maAm"d bk&m;udka&mufw,f
a*ga"myv’if bk&m;udk a&mufw,f/ tJ'gawGu Nyóem r&Sdygbl;/
oAÁKnKbk&m;em;rSm uRefr pdwf0ifpm;p&m taqmuftOD;wpfck awGU
cJhw,f/ tJ'D taqmuftOD;&JU tNyifeH&HrSm &kyfwkxm;zkdUtaygufawG
&Sdw,f/ txJu t&rf;vJ arSmifw,f/ txJrSm tkwfwkdifBuD;wpfck&Sd
w,f/ Nrefrmbk&m;awGrSm awGUavh&SdwJh taetxm;rsdK; r[kwfbl;}}
]]aeOD;? tJ'D taqmuftOD; a&SUrsufeSmpm[m tkwfcH cyfNrihfNrifh
tus,fBuD;&Sdw,f? [kwfovm;/ olUab;cyfvSrf;vSrf;rSm tay:ykdif;
NydKysufaewJh bk&m;wpfqlvJ &Sdw,fav}}
]][kwfw,f}}
]]'gqkd rif;wdkUa&mufcJhwm ewfavSmifausmif;yJ Nzpf&r,f}}
]][m [kwfw,f rr&JU/ uRefawmfwkdYeJU awGUwJh vSnf;orm;BuD;
wpfa,muf aNymvdkufom;yJ}}
]]uRefr odcsifwm tJ'DrSm bmbk&m;awG &SdcJhvJ/ b,folwnfcJh
wmvJ}}
108
]]tif; ... bmbk&m;awGvJqkdawmh Ak'¨bmomr[kwfwJh bk&m;
awGaygh/ [dE´Lewf bk&m;awGav/ tJ'DxJu t"du ewfbk&m;&kyf
awGu tJ'DrSm r&Sdawmhbl;/ rif; tHhMorSmyJ/ tJ'DxJu AdóEdk; ewf
bk&m;&kyfwku bmvifNywdkufrSm a&mufaew,fwJh/ tck usefaewJh
t<uif;tusefawGu AdóEdk; vl0ifpm;awG&JU &kyfxkxJu wcsdKUwpf
0ufyJ? tJ'gudk Nywdkufudk a&GUxm;w,f/ rif; AdóEdk;ewfawGeJU ywf
oufvdkU bmawGodvJ}}
auoDu pm;yGJay: wHawmifqpfaxmufí xkdvufz0g;ay:wGif
ar;wifvsuf olUudk ai;Munhfum acgif;,rf;onf/
]]uRefr bmrS rodbl;/ bmoma&;eJUywfouf&if uRefru
tm;enf;w,f/ r&SufbJ 0efcH&r,fqkd&if Ak'¨bmomtaMumif;awmif
arar aNymNyoavmufyJ odwmav}}
onfvkd qkdNyefawmh olr rsufeSmrSm ,cifu awGUcJh&onhf
rmefrmersm; wif;rmrIrsm; uif;pifaeNyefonf/
]]udk,fodoavmuf aNymNyr,fav/ tif; udk,fzwfzl;orQaygh/
AdóEdk;ewfawG[m [dE´LawG udk;uG,fwJh bk&m;awGyJ/ wkdUAk'¨bmom
rSm odMum;rif;u vlUNynfu vlaumif;wpfa,muf 'ku©a&mufae&if
olU ausmufzsm wif;vmw,fvdkU aNymw,f/ ol vlUNynfudk Munhf
vdkufw,f/ tif; ... 'Daumifawmh ig ru,f&if aozG,f&m &Sdawmh
w,fqdkNyD; wm0wd Hom ewfNynfuae vlUNynfudk vla,mifzefqif;
NyD; <uvmw,f/ u,fwifw,f? tJ'Dvdk oabmrsdK;yJ? NA[®Pbmom
rSmvJ vlUavmurSm owÅ0gawG 'ku©a&mufvm&if vdktyfwJhtcsdefrSm
AdóEkd;ewfbk&m;[m vlUNynfudk toGiftrsdK;rsdK;eJUqif;vm avh&Sd
w,f wJh/ tJ'Dvdk toGifaNymif;NyD; vl0ifpm; NzpfvmwJh olawGudk
t0wm&vdkU ac:w,fwJh/ tck ewfavSmifausmif;xJrSm tvsifwkef;
uawmh tJ'D t0wm&&kyfwk 10 ckawmif &Sdw,fvdkUzwf&w,f/
109
tckawmh rawGU&awmhbl;av? AdóEdk; ewfbk&m;u pdwf0ifpm;zdkU
awmh aumif;o;myJ? olu r[m,me Ak'¨bmomeJU enf;enf;EG,fae
w,fvdkUawmif aNymvdkU&w,f}}
pnfolUudk vSrf;Munhfvdkufawmh olUpum;rsm;udk ysif;&dNiD;aiGU
[efNzihf apmapmuvmcsoGm;aom tpdrf;aMumfyef;uefxJrS [if;&Guf
uav;rsm;udk wlNzihf aumuf,l pm;aeonf/
]]uRefrxifwmu rSm;csifvJrSm;rSmayhgav/ yk*H[m r[m,me
Ak'¨bmomvJ tenf;i,f xGef;um;cJhvdrhfr,fvdkUxifw,f/ 'gayr,fh
ax&0g' Ak'¨bmomydkNyD; vTrf;rdk;ygw,f/ uRefr aNymwmrSef&JUvm;}}
]]rSefygw,f}}
]]tif;av ... tJ'Dawmh 'Dausmif;[m yk*HrSm Ak'¨bmom rxGef;
um;cifu aqmufcJhwJhausmif; NzpfcsifNzpfr,f/ 'grSr[kwf tif; ...
uRefr em;rvnfbl;/ uRefrwkdUNrefrmrif;awGxJu b,fbk&ifursm;
Ak'¨bmomr[kwfwJh bk&m;udk udk;uG,fcJhygvdrfhvdkU/ uRefr pOf;pm;&
oavmufawmh taemf&xm rwkdifrD rif;awGyJ Nzpf&r,f/
ol auoDh rsufvHk;eufeufuav;rsm;udk cyfai;ai; wpfcsuf
BunhfNyD; NyHK;&,fvdkufrdonf/
]]auoD tJ'Dtcsuf[m rif;pOf;pm;zdkU rvdkygbl;/ a&S;a[mif;
okawoeXme&JU tvkyfyg/ urÜnf;ausmufpm Xme&JUtvkyfyg/ rif;
u ausmufpmuRrf;usifwJholqkdawmh csm;(vf)(pf)'l&GdKifq,fvfudk od
rSmayghaemf}}
]]tkd ... odwmaygh}}
]]at;av olwdkU ausmufpmawG? aypmawGudkzwfNyD; okawoe
vkyfcJhNyD;NyD? ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmawmif MumcJhayhg/ ri;fuHaumif;oGm;wm
aygh}}
]]ravSmifygeJU}}
110
]][m ... ravSmifygbl;uGm}}
okdYaomf rkd;a0\ rsufeSmrSm &,fusJusJ yHkpHudkNrifae&aom auoD
onf tvGefvSyaom rsufapmif;wpfMunhfNzihf vufceJ Munfav
onf/
xkdUaemuf [if;yef;uefrsm; pHkvifNyDNzpfí olwkdUxrif;pm;Mu
onf/ auoDu tcJrausbJ xyfaNymonf/
]]udk,hf tvkyf&Sifudk udk,foa&mfwJh *dkuf('f)rsdK; 'DwpfcgyJ awGU
zl;w,f}} ol wtHhwMoNzpfoGm;um cyfaMumifaMumif armhMunhfrd\/
]][m ... ukd,fu rif;wkdU&JU *dkuf('f) NzpfoGm;NyDvm;? b,fwkef;
uvJ}}
]]&Sif xrif; p pm;wJh tcsdefuwnf;uyJ}}
]]aovkdufprf;yguGm? udk,frS rodcJhbJ/ uJ ...aumif;NyD/ udk,f
rif;udk raoa&mfbJ aNymNyyghr,f/ 'gayr,hf udk,fodyftcsdef r&bl;
aemf}}
vufrSem&Dudk wpfcsufiHkUMunfhNyD; ]]aeUv,f wpfem&DcGJtcsdefrSm
udk,f olwkdUeJU NyefawGU&r,f/ udk,fwkdU Nrif;uygbufudk oGm;rvdkU?
rif;wkdU a&mufNyD;NyDvm;}}
]]Nrif;uyg .... [ifhtif;}}
]]vdkufcsif ...vdkufcJhav/ vdkufcJhqkd udk,fwdkYudkrif;wkdU a*:a"m
yv’ifbk&m;em;u apwDtNzLuav; a&SUuae tqifoihfapmihfae?
aeUv,f wpfem&DcGJrSm pxGufvmcJhMurSm}}
]][kwfuJh}}
ol xrif;udk ZGef;cuf&if;Nzihf *&kwpdkufe,f&if; b,fvdk twdk
csKyfNyD; aNym&yghrvJ[k pOf;pm;aerd\/
]]'geJU rif; ausmufpmpdwf0ifpm;&if OD;vlaz0if;udk odrSmyJ}}
]]ausmufpm0ef OD;vlaz0if;av? odwmaygh}}
111
]]tkdau? OD;vlaz0if;uawmh ewfavSmifausmif;udk c&pfouú&mZf
930 ckESpfrSm awmifolBuD;rif; wnfcJhw,fvdkU aNymw,f/ 'gay
r,hf taqmuftOD;yHkoP²efeJU ausmufqpfynmvuf&mawGudkMunfh
Ncif;tm;Nzihf tJ'Davmuf rapmekdifbl;vdkU tdEd́,ynm&Sif wpfa,muf
u aNymw,f/ 'l&dGKifq,fvfzwf&w,fqkdwJh vufa&;pmrlwpfckt&
vnf; taemf&xmrif;[m oxHkudk wkdufckdufatmifNrifNyD;rS
ewfavSmifausmif; wnfaqmufw,fvdkU ygowJh/ 'gawG[mvJ odyf
taxmuftxm;&Sdwmawmh r[kwfbl;av/ aemufqHk; aumufcsufcs
xm;wmawmh Nrif;uyg t&yfrSm awGUw,fqkdwJh wrD;vf ausmufpm
wpfckt&yJ? tJ'Dausmufpmu 13 &mpkESpfu a&;cJhwmvdkU aNymwmyJ/
tJ'DxJrSm AdóEdk;bk&m;ausmif;udk wHcg;ayguf wpfckvI'gef; wJh
taMumif;ygaew,f/ tm;vHk;aygif;pyfMunhfvdkufawmh taemf&xm
rif;&JUaumif;rIvdkU ,lq&w,fwJh/ t&Snfudk rif;odcsif&if awmh
zwf&r,fh pmtkyfawG udk,f nTef;ay;ekdifygw,f}}
auoDu acgif;wpfcsuf ndwfvsuf ..
]]aus;Zl;wifygw,f/ uRefr tm;wJhtcg zwfcsifw,f/ 'geJU&Sif
nTefay;r,hfpmtkyfawGu Nrefrmvdkvm; t*Fvdyfvdkvm;}}
ol auoDhezl; 0dkuf0dkufuav;udk trSwfrxif vSrf;Munhfvdkuf
onf/ NzL0if;aom ezl;Nyifuav;ay:rSm bmqHEG,frS r&Sd/ aNymif
xif;aeonf/ tif; .... 'gvnf; tvSw&m; wckyJeJUwlyg&JU/
]]Nrefrmvdka&m t*Fvdyfvdka&mayhg/ bmNzpfvdkUvJ? t*Fvdyfvdkqdk
&if rzwfcsifbl;vm;}}
auoDu cspfpzG,f ESmacgif;&IHU&if; acgif;,rf;onf/
]]r[kwfygbl;/ t*FvdyfbmomvJ zwfygw,f/ 'gayr,hfNrefrm
vdkzwf&wm ydkaysmfrSmaygh}}
ol auoDhudk paemufcsifpdwfu vSpfceJ ay:vm\/
112
]]tif; ... udk,fholi,fcsif;wpfa,muf cP cPaNymwJhpum;&Sd
w,f/ bm;rd(pf)ar*smorm;awG[mwJh t*Fvdyfpmzwfrvm;? a>rudk
udkifrvm;qkd&if a>rudkifzdkUudkyJ a&G;cs,fMuvdrfhr,fwJh/ auoDvJtJ'D
txJueJUwlw,f}}
]]tdk; ... &Sif uRefrudk 'gxufqkd;&Gm;wJhpum;eJU rESdrfwwfawmh
bl;vm;}}
tHhMop&mygvm;/ auoDhrsufvHk;rsm; cufxefrIuif;pGm &,fNrL;
aeMuonf/
]][ihftif; .... tckxdawmh 'gxufqdk;wJhpum; &SmrawGUao;bl;
pdwfcsyg &SmawGU&if udk,f rif;rcHcsifNzpfvmatmif ESdrfNyekdifygw,f}}
]],Hkygw,f? &Sif[m vlwpfa,mufudk csD;rGrf;zdkUxuf uJh&JUESdrfcs
zdkUudk ydkNyD; tavhtusihf &xm;wJhvlwpfa,mufyJ}}
ol auoDhpum;ukd b,fvdkrS racsywwfawmhoNzihf
ycHk;wGefUNyvdkufavonf/
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
113
tcef; av;
auoDonf a,muFsm;wpfa,mufvdkyif pufbD;pD; uRrf;usif

olNzpf\/ rkd;a0uawmh &efukefuJhokdU pufbD;toHk;NyKavhr&SdaomNrdKU
ü BuD;Nyif;cJh&olyDyD pufbD;udkuRrf;usifpGm reif;ekdifacs/rvJNydKatmif
eif;oGm;ekdifaomfvnf; udk,hfteD;odkU wNcm;pufbD;wpfpD;uyfvmvQif
pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIaMumifh vufudkifu tvkdvkd,rf;NyD; ,dkifoGm;wwf \/
auoDuawmh a'gufwmpwkdU(Zf)\ udk,fpm; wm0ef,lum
za&mpwkdU(Zf)udk u,f&D,mcHkay:wGif wifvsuf vufudkifudk Nidrfouf
atmifxdef;vsuf uRrf;usifpGm pD;ekdifonf/ xdkif;Zif;r,fvHkcsnf
uav; udk aNcovHk;xdwdkatmif 0wfxm;aom olronf yJifq,fvf
[D;vf\ a&SUzsm;uav;Nzihf aNceif;uGif;udk axmuf&HkaxmufNyD; ao
oyfpGm eif;ekdifacsonf/
]]udkrkd;a0a& uRefawmfhudkrDatmif eif;ekdif&if rmvfbkd&dk wpfbl;
qkay;r,fAsdKU}}
pnfolu c&D;tpuwnf;u olUudk pdefac:oGm;\/ odkUaomf
rdk;a0ESihf rmvfbkd&dk awmfawmfa0;rSef; bD;av;ig;NyefvSdrfhtNyD;wGif
aocsmoGm;onf/olwkdUarmifeSrukd b,fawmhrSrDekdifawmhrnfr[kwf/
a'gufwmESpfa,mufu &Snfvsm;aom t&yfrsm;Nzihf tenf;i,f
udk,fudkukef;um udk;&dk;um;,m; pufbD;pD;Muonf/ aemufqHk;usefcJh
olu rkd;a0Nzpf\/ uwÅ&mvrf;ay:rSm bmrSNyóem r&Sdaomfvnf;
oD&dypö,mvrf;udk ausmfNyD;onhftcg eif;&aom aNrBuD;u tcuft
cJNzpfvmonf/ rkd;&GmNyD;aomtcg oJa&maom aNrBuD;rSm pufbD;eif;
114
&ef tvGefcufcJaeaomaMumihf olUpufbD;xJrSm epfepf0ifum ,dkif
wd,kdifxdk; Nzpfaeonf/
]]udkrdk;a0 b,fheS,fvJ vrf;nTefr,fhvlu aemufa&mufae&wm
wkef;/ NrefNref eif;ygh&Sif}}
auoDu rxdwxd vrf;&efpwwfao;\/ wpfcgwpf&H rdk;a0
udk paemufcsif[efNzihf rkd;a0rDvmatmif pufbD;udk t&SdefavQmh
íeif;um rkd;a0ab;odkU wtm;BuD;uyfuyfvmwwfao;onf/
]]a[h a[h ...udk,hftem;udk ruyfeJUaemf/ cyfuGmuGmuae eif;}}
aNym&if; aNym&if; rdk;a0\ pufbD;vufukdifrSm b,fbufodkUqGJ
um auoDhudk 0ifwkdufawmhrvdk NzpfoGm;onf/ auoDu uRrf;usif
pGm vufudkifudk xdef;a&Smifvsuf auGUoGm;aomaMumihf olwkdUcsif;
rwdkufrdacs/ tJonfvdk tuGufrsdK; av;ig;BudrfNzpfvmaomtcg
auoDh pufbD;udk xdwfvefUvmNyD; ol owdxm;í a&Smifae&awmh
onf/ olUvufudkif wpfcg vnfxGufoGm;wkdif; za&mpwdkU(Zf)u
wpfcsuf&,fvdkufwkdif; rkd;a0rSm olwkdUrdef;rESpfa,muf\ [movl
&Tifawmf NzpfrSef;rod Nzpfvmavonf/
cyfa0;a0;rSm r*FvmapwDudk vSrf;Nrif&csdefwGif rkd;a0u olUa&SU
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115
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117
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119
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123
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135
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136
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137
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138
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uav;rsm; aNymifvufaeonf/
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]]tvkyf &Iyfaeovm;}}
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139
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uRefr&JU oD;qpf(pf)[m tifpyDa&;&Sif; aumif;aumif;uav;eJU yk*H
taiGUtoufuav;awG vTrf;aecsifvdkU&Sifh}}
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aeMumaphpm;wJh tvkyfudk vkyfw,fav/ b,frSm tcsdefukefvkdUvJ}}
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140
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oufoGm;Mu\/ olu rsufESmcsif;qdkifrS auoDhudk ai;armaerdovdk
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udk,fol odonf/ bmpum;aNym&&if aumif;rvJ/
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rsm; EdkifiHxufrom&ifawmif edrfhraeoihfygbl;}}
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]][kwfw,f reufcif;aygh/ auoDwkdU vdkufr,f r[kwfvm;}}
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141
auoDhpum;aMumihf &ifxJrSm wpfrsdK;NzpfoGm;onf/ wpfpHkwpf
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pm;csufrsdK;eSihf qifwlonf/ tJonfavmufawmh euf&dIif;rI&Sd[ef
rwlygbl;av/ olonf olUcHpm;rIudk azmhí awG;vkdufonf/
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olonf ompnfblwmodkUvdkufydkUrnfh Nrefrmh[dkw,fESihfc&D;oGm;
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]]uRefawmf aq;vdyfaomufr,faemf}}
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]]aMomf ..... odyfaomufvGef;awmh b,faumif;rvJ}}
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]]b,fvdk raumif;wmvJ}}
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vmwmwJh/ ol enf;enf;csif; Nzwf&w,f/ aygifvJNzwfNyD;a&m? ao
a&m}}
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142
ol auoDhudk paemufcsifvmNyef\/
]]tdk; &Sif odyfrwHk;prf;ygeJU&Sif? tJ'g pD;u&uf odyfaomufvGef;
vdkU NzpfwmwJh}}
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rwef&Sm;yg;pGmNzpfwJh wpfa,mufu udk,fNzpfae&if 'g ukd,f uHqkd;
vGef;vdkUyJaygh/ 'DavmufrS uHqkd;&if aoaygh auoD&JU? raMumufyg
bl;}}
]]ab;tEÅ&m,f&SdaewJh pGefUpm;rIrsdK;udkvkyfwmeJUpm&if ab;xGuf
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]]aMomf ... 'guawmh vlUb0BuD;xJrSm tJ'DpGefUpm;rIrsdK;awG&Sdae
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143
pm;oihf[k olxifonf/
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144
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262
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264
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265
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271
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273
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278
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279
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280
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281
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282
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283
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284
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@@@@@@@@@@
285
286
1
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2
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(2) a':cifpef;wifh (r[m0dZÆm)

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3
To Leslie
in loving memories
4
tcef; (1)
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5
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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ynmoifESpf 1986-87
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11
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12
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13
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acgif;pOfudk zwfonf/
14
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15
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16
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onf/
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17
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tppt&m&m ulnDzkdUtqifoihfygyJ}}
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18
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19
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20
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21
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22
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]]tif; ...b,favmufBuD;ovJqkdawmh ,lZemwpfaxmiftvsm;
&SdwJh ig;BuD;tmeE´mqkdawmh wpf,lZemrSm b,feSpfrdkif&SdovJ a':au
oD odvm;}}
]][ihftif; .... uRefr arhaew,f q&m}}
q&mu auoDESihfat;at;oG,fudk wpfvSnfhpDMunhfNyD; tenf;
i,fNyHK;um pm&GufBurf;wpfckwGif cswGufonf/ xkdUaemuf Nyefarmh
Munhfum aNymNy\/
23
]]12 rkdifausmfausmf 13rdkifeD;yg; &SdrSmayhg/ tJh'gwpf,lZem&JU
tvsm;av}}
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t&m&m &nf&TifzG,foabmxm;onfh at;at;oG,fuawmh
toHxGufíyif &,fvdkufavonf/
]]aMomf ... 'geJU rauoD? usrf;NyKpkwJhae&mrSm *Pef;eJU
b,fawmhrS 0gus rp&bl;aemf/ Oyrm 474 ckvdkUraNymbJ ouú&mZf
474vdkU aNym&r,f/ tJ'gawmh odw,f r[kwfvm;}}
]][kwfuJh odygw,f q&m}}
q&mu uRefrudk uav;vdk oabmxm;aewmyJ/
xkdpum;udkawmh olr zGihfraNymvdkufyg/
q&meSihf tenf;i,f &if;eSD;yHk&aom rDrDcifonf XmexJwGif
auoDeSihfq&m NyHK;&,fpum;aNymvQif pum;r&Sdpum;&Smí pm;yGJokdU
a&mufvmavh&Sd\/
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AdkufZma&m eSpfa,mufawmif}}
xkdpum;ukdaNymvdkufaom rDrDcif\rsufeSmrSm tNypfuif;pifol
wpfa,mufvkd tNyHK;rsdK;awGUNrifvdkuf&aomfvnf; rsufvHk;rsm;\
remvdkaom t&dyfta,mifukd rzHk;zdekdifyg/
xdktcsdefrsm;wGif auoD pdwfysufrIukd b,folrS rodatmifzHk;zd
zdkUBudK;pm;&if; pum;udk vdkufavsmnDaxGNzpfatmif xdef;odrf;aNymae
&wwfonf/ þtvkyfrsdK;ukd olr tvGefrkef;wD;onf/
]]at;at;oG,f&,f rDrDcifu ighudkbmNzpfvkdU 'Davmuf&efpcsif
ae&wmvJ [if}}
at;at;oG,fuawmh xHk;pHtwkdif; ayghNyufNyuf &,farmwmyg
24
yJ/
]]ig cPcPaNymovdk ol remvdkvdkUaygh}}
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NzwfawmufypfzkdUtxd pdwful;vdkufao;\/ okdUaomf q&mhapwem?
q&m[m q&mvkyfNyD; oa&mfzdkUoufoufr[kwfbJ apwemeJUyg igh
udk ulnDwmNzpfrSmyg/
]]bm remvdkwmvJ? igxyfaNym&OD;rvm;/
eifodyf t&yfNrifhwmvJ ol remvdkNzpfrSmyJ}}
auoDonf ig;ay ig;vufreD;yg; Nrifhaomt&yfeSihfvdkufavsm
aNyNypfaom udk,fvHk;&SdolNzpfonf/
]]olUvdkawmh eifu cg;ao;&ifcsD rGef&dk;udk,fvHk;r[kwfbl;aygh
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]]awmfNyD[,f rdef;r 'Dpum;rsdK;eifrkdUaNym&Jw,f}}
auoDuawmh at;at;oG,feSihfpmvQif t&Sufydkonf;olNzpfavonf/
auoD &Suf&GHUvQif aoG;rQifaMumpdrf;Nymuav;rsm;Nzmaeonfh yg;Nyif
eSpfbufu yef;aoG;a&mif &JoGm;wwfonf/
]]aemufNyD; q&mueihfudk odyf*&kpdkufw,favauoD?eihftwGuf
wuúodkvfynm ya'om pmapmifawGudk bmawG&Sm&r,fqkdwm pdwf
&Snfvuf&Snf nTef;ay;w,fav/ udk,fwkdif pkaqmif;ray;&Hk wrnf
ygyJ[m/ tHr,f'gawmifq&mu raumif;wwfvkdU&SdSrSm/wu,fawmh
olukd,fwkdif pmtkyfawGxJuae rSwfpk xkwfay;csifOD;rSm [}}
at;at;oG,fu twnfayguf rsufeSmNzihfaNymNyD;rS cyf[uf
[uf &,farmonf/
auoD olrudk rsufapmif;xkd;vdkufrd\/
wu,fwrf; q&m\ ynmom;ygyg eSdrfhcsuJh&JUwmrsdK;usawmh
olwkdUodrSmr[kwf/ q&m\oa&mfawmfawmftNyHK;rsm;udkvnf; olwkdU
25
cHpm;&rSmr[kwf/ auoDhrSmom q&meSihfwpfcg aqG;aEG;wkdif; tod
ynmvnf;&vsuf rcHcsifpdwfrsm;yg&cJhavonf/
wpfcgu yk*Hacwf emr0daooetoHk;udk aqG;aEG;Muonf/
tnTef;emr0daooe[laom acgif;pOfNzihf olr\ausmufpmrsm;
xJrS emr0daooersm; a&G;xkwfxm;onfudk q&mu ,líMunhf\/
þ? xdk? tMuif[laom emr0daooersm;udk zwfMunhf&if;u
q&mu tNypfwifNzpfatmifwif\/
]]rauoD yk*HacwfrSmawmif ]tMuif}ygwJh0gusaemufuae ]xkd}
ygwJh0gusvdkufNyD; oHk;&w,fqkdwm odMuw,f/ 'gudkaxmufNy&Hk
avhvm&wJh rauoD rodbl;qkdawmh awmfawmfnHhwmyJ}}
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q&mhudk b,fvdk apm'u wufekdifygrnfenf;/ olr eIwfqdwfpGm
NidrfoufoGm;ckduf q&mu 0guswpfaMumif;udk tvGwf&GwfNy\/
]]tMuifrif;um; NrwfpGmaom w&m;rif;wnf;/ xkdrif;\
trwfwsmum; to0wfrnf\wnf;}}
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enf;oGm;avonf/
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csmcsm ydkifekdifatmif avhvmOD;?aemufwpfywfus&if aqG;aEG;&atmif}}
q&mu cyfwnfwnfaNymawmh olr\ rcHcsifpdwfrsm; NynhfvQH
vmcJhonf/
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tm;vHk; aMunufaeap&r,f q&m/ q&m rsufvHk;NyL;oGm;ap&r,f/
]aom}ygaom emr0daooersm;? ]aom}rygaom *kPft&nftcsif;Ny
emr0daooersm;udk aoaocsmcsm aqG;aEG;Nyvdkufr,f/
q&m ihgudk vufqGJEIwfqufcsifvmap&r,f/ xkdtawG;udk
26
at;at;oG,ftm; zGihfaNymawmh at;at;oG,fu &,farmum ]pdwf
BuD;vScsnfvm;uG,f} [k ceJUovdk csD;rGrf;avonf/
olrb0xJokdU q&m 0ifa&mufvmyHku tvGefodrfarGU nifom
vGef;oNzihf olr b,fvdkrS owdrxm;rdvdkufpOfrSm q&mu auoD
ESihf awmfawmf eD;uyfaeNyD/
uoDNrwfekd;aom bmom&yfwpfckudk pdwfyg0ifpm; uRrf;usif
olNzpfaomaMumihf olr q&mhudk txifBuD;rdonfu b,fvdkrS Niif;
ír&aom tcsufNzpfonf/ okdUaomf þtcsufwpfckwnf;aMumihf
olreSihf q&mtMum;u &if;eSD;rI ydkrdkckdifNrJvmNcif;awmh rNzpfwef&m
bl;[k auoDxifonf/ odkUaomf olpdrf;a,muFsm;wpfa,mufESihf
olpdrf;rdef;rwpfa,muftMum;rSm qufoG,frIwpfck &vmzdkUu awmf
awmfudk rNzpfekdifaom udpöwpfckyJ/ q&meSihf olrMum;utNzpft
ysufukd auoD b,fvdkrS em;vnfekdifpGrf;r&SdcJhyg/
usrf;NyKqJ yxreSpf ukefqHk;oGm;onftxd q&meSihf auoDESpf
OD;wnf; pm;yGJwpfvHk;wnf;rSm wpfcgrQ rxkdifcJhbl;onfudk at;at;
oG,f todqHk;Nzpf\/
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wGif auoDhrSm&SdorQ udk,fpGrf;? OmPfpGrf; tukefukd olr\pmwrf;
twGuf toHk;csxm;zdkUqHk;Nzwfxm;onf/ qHk;Nzwfonfhtwkdif;vnf;
olrpdwfukd ausmufpmrsm;ay:wGif yHktyfxm;cJhonf/ aemufwpfaeU
&wembkrd®rSm olr\ ausmif;om;rsm;oif&rnfh oifcef;pmudk avh
vm&? rSwfpkNyefxkwf&onfu wpfzuf? usrf;NyKpk&ef vdktyfaom
pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;udk pmMunhfwkdufwGif&Sm&? rSwfpkxkwf&onfu
wpfzuf? onfBum;xJwGif rDrDcif\NyHK;axhaxh EIwfcGef;qufpum;
rsm;ukd ,Ofaus;zG,f&mNzpfatmif pDpOftaNzay;&onfu wpfzuf?
auoDhrSm pdwftm;vyfcsdefqdkwmyif r&Sdoavmuf NzpfcJhonf/
27
xkdUaMumihfvnf; olrxHokdU q&mwNznf;Nznf; eD;uyfvmonf
udk auoD owdrNyKcJhrdNcif; Nzpfygvdrfhrnf/
at;at;oG,fuawmh auoDeSihfpmvQif vnfywfol tawGUt
BuHK&Sdol[k qkd&ayvdrhfrnf/ taMumif;rSm at;at;oG,fonf vGefcJh
aom oHk;ESpfuwnf;u cspfol&nf;pm;&cJhNyD; a,mufsm; awmfawmfrsm;
rsm;\ rsufvHk;rsm;udk zwf&I&mwGifuRrf;usifaomaMumihfNzpfavonf/
xkdodkUaom at;at;oG,fyifvQif q&mhrsufvHk;rsm;udkMunhfNyD;
q&mhpdwf[m rDrDcifqDrSmvm;? auohDqDrSmvm; a0cGJr&Nzpfae&
avmufatmif q&mhrsuf0ef;rsm; wnfNidrfat;pufcJh\/ xkdtaMumif;
aMumihfvnf; auoD tuJrcwfwwfcJhNcif; Nzpfygvdrfhrnf/
wpfaeUawmh at;at;oG,feSihf auoD &wembkrd® NrefrmpmXme
xJu pm;yGJwpfvHk;rSm eSpfa,mufxkdifvsuf usLwdk&D,,fvf taNzvTm
rsm;NcpfaeMupOf q&mOD;&efekdifa&mufvmcJhonf/ tcef;ayguf0eSihf
rsufeSmcsif;qkdifNzpfaom at;at;oG,fu tvsifpNrif\/
]]a[m .... q&m}} [k NyHK;&,fEIwfqufum rwfwwf&yfvkduf
awmhrS auoDvnf; uref;uwef;&yfí EIwfqufvdkuf&onf/
]]xkdifyg xkdifyg/ uRefawmf vrf;MuHKvdkU 0ifvmwmyg/ OD;oef;
Nrihfrsm; &Sdrvm;vkdU}}
]]q&mOD;oef;Nrihf aeUv,f 2em&Davmuf NyefoGm;w,f q&m?
rdef;udk0ifNyD;rS Nyefr,fvdkU aNymoGm;ygw,f}}
oGufvufaom at;at;oG,f\teD;wGif auoDu cyfaMumif
aMumif &yfaecJhonf/
]]aMomf .... [kwfvm;? 'gqkd uRefawmfwdkU vGJoGm;BuNyD}}
xkdUaemuf q&mu OD;oef;Nrihf\pm;yGJqDrS ukvm;xkdifwpfvHk;
qGJ,lum auoDwkdUpm;yGJwGif 0ifxkdif\/
]]b,fheS,fvJ rat;at;oG,f? oD;qpf(pf)twGuf awmfawmf
28
tvkyf&IyfaeNyDvm;}}
at;at;oG,fu rsufpdayguf ydwfrwwf &,farmíacgif;,rf;
avonf/
]]r[kwfbl; q&m? 'gusLwkd&D,,fvf taNzawGyg/ uRefrNzihf
pmtkyfawGawmif tpHkrzwf&ao;bl; q&m&JU/ tckrS q&mBuD;yDrkd;
eif; awmfawmfpma&;ekdifwmyJvdkU csD;usL;rdw,f}}
at;at;oG,f\ usrf;acgif;pOfrSm yDrdk;eif;\pum;aNyNzpfonf/
q&mu NyHK;&HkomNyHK;avonf/ rwfwwf&yfqJNzpfaomauoDhudk
armhMunhfí xkdif&ef ar;qwfNy\/
]]vufrIynmonfawG b,feSpfrsdK;&NyDvJ rauoD}}
q&mh rsufeSmrSm oa&mf[efudk &SmMunhfrdao;\/ rawGU&yg/
wnfwHhaom? tenf;i, £aNE´BuD;aom rsufeSmxm;udkom awGU&
\/
]]wkdif;cRwfbk&m; ausmufpmrSm vufrIynmonfawG odyfrawGU
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&kyfwkawG? a&T&nfa&;w,fqkdwmyJ ygw,f/ yef;ykorm;tNzpf bk&m;
&kyfxk xkvkyfwJha&TcswJh twwfynmonfawGaygh q&m}}
]]wkdif;cRwfbk&m; ausmufpmqkdwmxuf oifBuD;tbdeEÅol
ausmufpmqkdwmu ydkoihfawmfr,f rauoD? ygarmu©OD;{armif&JU rl
twkdif;a&;yg}}
]][kwfuJh}}
q&mhezl;rSm acR;puav;rsm;pdkvsuf ndkpdrhfpdrfh 0if;ae\/ olr
tvG,fwul acgif;ndwfvdkufygonf/ xkdUaemuf wkdif;cRwfbk&m;
ausmufpmwGif olrawGU&Sd&aom vufrIynmonfrsm;udk &GwfNyvdkuf
onf/
]]pnfonf? yomonf? cGufcGif;onf? ukvm;yefwsm? Nrefrmyef
29
wsmonfawGaygh q&m}}
q&mu acgif;ndwfNyD; ]'g tBurf;yJ [kwfvm;} [k povdkar;
onf/ q&mESihf wpfpHkwpfckNyóemNzpfwkdif; }q&m 'guRefr tMurf;
yJ&Sdao;wm q&m? tacsmoyfusawmh pHkatmifxnhfrSmayhg} [k tNrJ
qifaNcay;avh&Sdaom auoDonf vQmwpfvpfuav; xkwfvQuf
uav;yrm &,fvdkufrdavonf/ xkdUaemuf olr\e*dk£aNE´twkdif;
NyefíwnfNidrfatmif *&kpdkufNyKNyifvdkufonf/
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onf taMumif;a&m? yef;wdrf twnfynmonftaMumif;a&m yg
vmw,f}}
]][kwfvm; bmawGvJ}}
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a&mufvmNyD; csufcsif;aysmufuG,foGm;\/q&mu trSm;udk csufcsif;
axmufzdkU tNypf&Sm apmihfem;axmifrnfhykHpHrsdK;Nzihf pm;yGJay:
vufaxmufum olrukd pl;pdkufMunhfaeonf/
]]q&mocifNyKaom? aq;a&;aom? wefpmNyKaom? t*Fawvdrf;
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vufpGyf wNcnf? a&TvufpGyf ezm;wNcnf qkdwmav}}
q&mu toHxGuf &,farmawmhonf/ q&m bmaMumihf &,f
wmvJ/
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aom ar;cGef;wpfckudk ar;oifh rar;oihf olr pOf;pm;aecdkuf q&mu
rwfwwf&yfvdkufaomaMumihf auoDwkdUESpfa,mufvHk; a&ma,mifí
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30
at;at;oG,fu q&meSihf tcef;NyifokdUxGufvdkuf&if; pyfpk
awmh q&muNyHK;\/
]]bmvJ rat;at;oG,fu uRefawmf pufbD;eJUvmvdrfhr,fvdkU
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]]r[kwfygbl; q&m? um;oHrMum;vdkufrdvdkUyg}}
q&monf rEÅav;wuúodkvfodkU tvkyfaNymif;a&TUvmonfrSm
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auoD tenf;i,f NyHK;rdonf/
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yJ}}
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tvGefqlnHonfh zd,ufum;uav;Nzpfavonf/ q&monf oHwGJ
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wNym;om;rS rygacs/
]]tat; wpfckckaomufrvm; auoD}}
]]tdk ....}}
31
auoD tHhtm;oihfpGm q&mhbufodkU vSnhfMunhfrdonf/ q&mh
rsufeSmu cyfwnfwnf/ okdUaomf q&mhrsufvHk;rsm;u tenf;i,f
el;nHhaeovdkyJ? tif;av 'g olr pdwfxifNzpfrSmyg/ q&m[m b,f
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]]aeygap q&m uRefrwkdU ...}} Niif;zdkUBudK;pm;aom auoDhpum;
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taumif;qHk; BuH&nfav}}
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&nftwlaomufNcif;[laom tNzpftysuf Nzpfay:vmawmhonf/
q&monf 0wfaeus wkdufyHktusÐudk cRwfxm;cJhonf/ vnfuwHk;
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'Davmuf acsmarmae&wmygvdrfh/ ausmif;olb0rSmuwnf;u q&mh
[efyeftrlt&mudk aooyfpGmwifhw,frSef; auoDowdxm;rdygonf/
odkYaomf q&mhudk ,ckvdk tvGefeD;uyfpGm awGU&aomtcg olr\
tHhMopGm csD;usL;vdkrIudk rzHk;uG,fekdifawmhacs/ aemufNyD; q&mOD;&efekdif
eSihf ,ckvkd &if;eSD;pGm tat;qkdifxdkifzdkUqdkwmu NzpfawmihfNzpfcJh
udpör[kwfvm;/
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ovm;/
]]aMomf ... [kwfuJhq&m? 'gayr,hf ...}}
32
'gayr,hf uRefrbmom uRefryJ &Smzwfawmhr,f[kaNymvdkufzdkU
raumif;wwfaomaMumifh wpfydkif;wpfpNzihf &yfxm;vdkuf&onf/
]]bmvJ ar;cGef; arhoGm;vdkUvm;? [kwfvm;}}
]][ifhtif;? b,farhrvJ q&m? [dkar;&rSmawG rsm;oGm;rvm;
vdkU}}
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ar;&ifvJ BuH&nfzkd;udk rauoD ay;&rSmyJ/ 'Dawmh repfematmif rsm;
rsm;ar;aygh}}
q&mh[mou auoDhtwGuf r&,f&yg/ okdUaomf t&m&mudk
&,f&TifzG,foabmxm;aom ra&Tat;at;oG,fuawmh toHxGuf
&,farmaeNyefavonf/
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33
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34
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35
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36
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37
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39
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40
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41
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42
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52
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tkd;wkd;trf;wrf;NzpfoGm;aom q&mhudk r&,farm&ufyg//
]]&ygw,fq&m/ uRefr 'Dar;cGef;udk aNzvdkU&ygw,f/ yxrqHk;
aNym&rSmawmh tJ'gausmif;om; r[kwfygbl; q&m/ uRefreJUwpfESpf
wnf; atmifwmyg/ qkdufudku NyD;wmav/ aemufNyD; uRefreJUb,f
vdkrS rywfoufygbl; q&m/ tJ [kdav olUbufuawmh ..'gayr,fh
uRefrwkdU oli,fcsif;awGygyJ q&m}}
q&mu auoDhudk rnf;eufaom rsuf0ef;rsm;Nzihf ai;MunhfNyD;
r&,frNyHK; acgif;qwfNyonf/ xkdUaemuf pdwfrwnfNidrfvQif NyKrIae
usyHkpHtwkdif; azmfrDumcif;pm;yGJudk vufxdyfrsm;Nzihf wa'gufa'guf
acgufvsuf NidrfoufaeNyefonf/ q&m bmNzpfvdkU 'Dar;cGef;udkar;
ygvdrfh/ olr pdwfxJrSm odaeovdkvdk rodbl;vdkvdk &ifwzswfzswf
ckefvmvsuf aumfzDyef;uefudk r,lum toufr&IbJ aomufcsvdkuf
onf/
xkdUaemuf q&m\yg;vSyfaom? ten;fi,f us,fNyefUaomeIwf
crf;u wif;ceJ aphoGm;\/ rsOf;aNzmihfwpfaMumif;vdk aphoGm;Ncif;Nzpf
ygonf/ NyD;awmh tenf;i,f oG,fcRefaom ar;aphudk vufoD;qkyf
53
Nzihfaxmufum auoDhudk pdkufMunhfaeonf/ olr q&mhrsufvHk;rsm;
udk onfwpfcgavmuf b,fwkef;urS rxdwfvefUcJhbl;yg/ rsufvHk;
csif;qHkoGm;awmh auoD uref;uwef; rsufvTmcsypfvdkufrdonf/
]]rxl;ygbl;av? &dkif;vufpeJU q&m rauoD&JUukd,fa&;ukd,f
wmudk xyfNyD; pyfpkyg&apOD;? rauoDrSm tdrfaxmifNyKzdkU tpDtpOf
awG bmawGrsm; ....}}
]]tdk ...}}b,fvdk ar;cGef;BuD;vJ/
auoDhyg;NyifeSpfbuf &Sdef;ceJ aEG;axG;oGm;\/ tenf;i,f wkef
&DrvdkNzpfoGm;onfh EIwfcrf;tpHkudk cyfwif;wif; zdaphvdkufNyD; q&mh
udk tm;wif;í Bunfhrdonf/ q&m rsufeSmysufoGm;\/
]]pdwfr&SdeJUaemf? udk,fawmif;yefygw,f/ udk,fu 'Dvdkav
rauoDudk vGwfvyfwJh rdef;uav;wpfa,muftNzpf aocsmcsifvdkU
ar;wmyg? &w,faemf? raNzcsifvJ udk,f ZGwfrar;ygbl;}}
olr q&mhudk ai;pkdufMunhf&if; tenf;i,f NyHK;csifvm\/
odkYaomf rNyHK;&Jyg/
]]at;av udk,fvJ bmawGar;rd aNymrdrSef;udk rodawmhygbl;/
aemufNyD; udk,fu pmoifaumif;w,fvdkUemrnfBuD;ayr,hf
pum;aNym odyfnHhw,f rauoD? txl;oNzihfawmh udk,fvufxyfcsif
wJh rdef;uav;eJU pum;aNymwJhtcgrsdK;rSm nHwwfw,feJUwlyg&JU}}
olr\ESvHk;onf Nyif;xefpGm wpfcsufckefNyD;rS w'dwf'dwf Nref
qefpGm ckefaeNyef\/q&mqkdvdkaom t"dyÜg,fudk auoDoabmayguf
vdkufygNyD/
okdYaomf q&mhpum;rsm;u auoDh tawG;rsm;vdkyJ uaygufwd
uaygufcsm Nzpfae\/ aeOD;? q&m wnfNidrfpGm pum;aNym ekdifonfh
tcsdefa&mufvmonftxd olr NidrfoufpGm; em;axmifae&rnf/
bmpum;rS NyefraNym&? axmufrar;&/ xkdUaemuf q&m
54
u vQdKU0Sufcsufwpfckudk zGihfaNymonhf olvQdKwpfa,muf\ trlt&m
rsdK;Nzihf olrudk cyfoGufoGuf aNymvdkufawmhonf/
]]'Dr,f udk,faNymwm em;axmifprf;? udk,f rauoDudk vuf
xyfcsifw,f? Mum;vm;}}
tdk ..../ q&m OD;&efekdifonf olrudk vufxyfcGifhawmif;aewm
vm;? nTefMum;csufwpfck ay;aewmvm;/ olr q&mhrsufeSmudk &J0hH
pGmarmhMunhfzdkU awmfawmfBudK;pm;tm;wif;,l&onf/ q&mu auoDh
udk rsufarSmifwGefUí Munhfae\/
]]udk,faNymwm em;vnf&JUvm;}}
]][kwfuJh em;vnfygw,f q&m}}
olr NyHK;&,fcsifaomfvnf; r&,f&Jyg/ q&mhudk rav;pm;&m
usrSmayhg/ q&mu olrukd vufxyfcsifonfqkdonfhpum;rSm auoDh
twGuf ,Hkwrf;pum;vkd Nzpfae\/ okdUaomf q&mudk,fwdkif zGihfaNym
aompum;xuf rnfonfhpum;rsm;u rSefuefekdifygrnfenf;/
cPMumawmh olr wNznf;Nznf; aysmf&Tifvm\/ auoDq,fwef;
atmifonfheSpfu arar auoDhudk qkcsaom ig;rl;om; qGJBudK;u
av;wpfuHk;udk yxrOD;qHk;tBudrfqGJNyD;pOf Nzpfay:cJhaom pdwfcHpm;rI
rsdK;eSihf qifwlygonf/ arar b,fwkef;u ykdufqHpkNyD; 0,fxm;rSef;
rod&aom? b,fawmhrSvnf; rarQmfvihfcJhaom qGJBudK;uav;av/
tHhMo vdIufvJSpGm 0rf;omenf;rsdK; Nzpfygonf/
]]rauoD bmawG awG;aewmvJ udk,f odcGifhr&Sdbl;vm;}}
]]aMomf ... [kd .... rDrDcifav}}
q&mu auoDNrifomatmif yifhoufwpfcsuf &dIufygonf/
]]tif; ...rDu udk,hfnDrvdkygyJ}}
]]'gayr,hf rDrDcifu q&mhudk tpfukdt&if;vdk oabmxm;&JU
vm; q&m}} xkdar;cGef;rsdK; auoD rar;oihfyg/
55
]]tif; ... 'gawmh udk,frodbl;? bmNzpfvdkUvJ? tJ'g rauoD
twGuf ta&;BuD;vkdUvm;}}
]][ihftif; ... rBuD;ygbl; q&m}}
]]udk,fhtaMumif; rauoD b,favmufodvJ}}
]]rodygbl; q&m}}
]]odzdkUa&m vdkr,f xif&JUvm;[if}}
Munhfprf; q&mu 'DvdkqkdNyefawmh yg;eyfom;yJ/
]][kwfuJh vdkr,fvdkU xifygw,f q&m}}
xkdpum;ukd olr &Suf&GHUpGm aNymcsvdkufygonf/
olr pum;udkMum;awmh q&mNyHK;&TifoGm;onf/ rsufeuf0ef;rsm;
vufceJ awmufyoGm;\/ q&mNyHK;&,fawmh oG,fcRef;aomar;aphrSm
ydkícRefoGm;onf/eIwfcrf;rsm; aumhysHoGm;yHku rdef;uav;wpfa,muf
\ &SufNyHK;ESihf oGm;wlaeonf/
]][kwfNyD? 'Dvdkqkd&if udk,fhtaBumif;awGudk aNymNyr,f? udk,hf
toufu 36ESpf}}
]][kwfuJh? q&mhtoufukd 36ESpfrSef; odaeygw,f/ q&meJUywf
oufNyD; uRefr odorQu q&mhtoufwpfckygyJq&m/ 'geJU touf
36ESpftxd q&m tdrfaxmifrNyKwm bmNzpfvdkUvJ[if}}
]]tJ'gvm;? tJ'g q&mrodbl;/ q&m xifwmaNym&&ifawmh
rauoDudk apmihfaecJhwm Nzpfvdrfhr,f}}
]][if ... q&mu uRefrudk b,fwkefu odaewmvJ}}
auoDu cyfwHk;wHk; ar;cGef;wpfck ar;vdkufrdao;\/
]]rESpfurSav}}
]]tdk; ....}}
-
-
56
q&mh[moudk onfwpfcgawmh olr &,farmrdygonf/
olronf trsm;pkrdef;uav;rsm;uJhokdUyif ararhudkwkdifyifyg&
ap[k taMumif;NyefcJhygonf/ q&mu rauoD&JUtaru b,fvdk
tarrsdK;vJ[k pyfpkao;\/ arar pdwfESvHk; El;nhHodrfarGUonfh t
aMumif;? orD;udk vGwfvyfcGihf tawmftoihfay;xm;aMumif;? vli,f
rsm;\ pdwfxm;udk em;vnfvG,faom txufwef;Nyq&mr wpfOD;
NzpfaMumif; olr q&mhudk tm;wufoa&m aNymNyrd\/
xkdUaemuf auoD ararhxH pma&; taMumif;Mum;vdkufav
onf/
ararhNyefpmrSm eSpfywftMumwGif a&mufvmcJh\/
]]q&mhudk tm;emvdkufwmq&m? araru q&mhukd awGUcsifae
w,f}}
xkdpum;udk at;at;oG,f a&SUrSmyif aNymcsvdkufonf/ bmNzpf
vdkUvJqkdawmh q&mu yxrqHk;tBudrf vufxyfzkdUaNymNyD;uwnf;
u auoDESihf eSpfa,mufcsif;awGUzkdU rBudK;pm;awmhbJ at;at;oG,f
udk tazmfac:ckdif;aomaMumifhav/ auoDESihf q&m\qufqHa&;
wGif at;at;oG,f rodvkdufaom t&m[lí bmrQr&Sdyg/
]][kwfvm;? udk,f oGm;awGUvdkufr,fav}}
vli,fuav;wpfa,mufvdk &Suf&GHUpGm wuf<uoGm;aom q&mhukd
olr NyHK;&,fcsifpdwfNzihf ai;Munhfaevdkufonf/
]]q&m ysOf;rem;udk a&mufzl;vdkUvm;}}
]]ra&mufzl;ygbl; 'gayr,hf odyfrcufcJbl; r[kwfvm;}}
]]rcufcJygbl; q&m? blwmuqif;vdkuf&if qkdufum;wpfpD;udk
ar;vdkuf? &Srf;uefa&SUu q&mra':cifcifBuD;tdrfvdkU aNym&if olwkdU
odygw,f/ pae? we*FaEG wpfywfavmuf q&mtm;wJhtcg oGm;
awGUvdkU&ygw,f q&m}}
57
q&mu pm;yGJay:rS rSwfpkpmtkyfudkxkwfvsuf ararhvdyfpmudk
a&;rSwfonf/ auoDu zkef;eHywfudkyg aNymvdkufygonf/ wpfquf
wnf; 'D pae? we*FaEGawmh ysOf;rem;udkNyefNyD; ararhudk tusdK;t
aMumif; aNymNyxm;rnf[k qHk;Nzwfcsuf csvdkufavonf/
xkdaeUnae taqmifrSm olreSifhat;at;oG,f xrif;pm;csdef
a&mufawmhrS at;at;oG,fu auoDhukd ar;onf/
]]eihf [dkuf[D;vfawG pGefUvTwfzdkU tqifoihfNzpfNyDvm;}}
]]tkd; ... bmqkdifvdkUvJ}}
]]eifu q&mhxuf t&yf&SnfovdkNzpfoGm;rSmayhg}}
]]'Dr,f a,muFsmwpfa,muf&JU bkef;uHqkdwm eif ,Hk&JUvm;?
rdef;reJU ,SOfavQmuf&if olwkdUt&yfu tvdkvdk NrihfvmowJh}}
]]xyfw&D eif tJ'D,Hkwrf;pum;awGudk r,Hkbl; r[kwfvm;
auoD}}
]]at;}}
olrwkdUESpfa,muf NydKifwl &,farmrdMuonf/ xkdUaemuf auoD
rsufeSmudk wnfypfvdkufNyD; ....
]]'Dr,f tdrfaxmifwpfckrSm t&yf twkdif;twmxuf ydkta&;
BuD;wmawG trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f odvm;}} [kcyfwnfwnf aNymvkdufyg
onf/
]]Oyrm ...}}
]]Oyrm ... av;pm;rI? ,HkMunfudk;pm;rI? txifBuD;rI? vdkufavsm
rI? 'gawGaygh at;at;oG,f&m}}
at;at;oG,fu auohDudk pl;pl;pdkufpkdufMunhfvsuf
]]ta&;BuD;wm wpfckvdkao;w,f}} [k NywfawmufpGmaNym\/
]]bmvJ}}
]]tcspfav}}
58
tcspf ......./ tcspftaMumif;udk olr wpfcgrQyif xnhfrpOf;
pm;bl;yg/
]]tcspfqdkwm b,fvdk[mrsdK;vJ at;at;oG,f}}
]]tvdkav; .... tHhzG,fygvm; auoD/ a,muFsm;wpfa,mufudk
vufxyfzdkUpOf;pm;aewJh rdef;rwpfa,mufu tcspfqkdwm b,fvdk
[mrsdK;vJvdkU ar;ae&ao;vm;}}
odkUaomf at;at;oG,f auoDhtaMumif; tukefodygonf/ þ
touft&G,ftxd auoDonf a,muFsm;wpfOD;wav\ tay:rSmrS
om,mpdwfrsdK;Nzihf pdwfupm;cJhNcif; r&SdaMumif; at;at;oG,f odyg
onf/ at;at;oG,fu udkifxm;onfh ZGef;cuf&if;udk ypfcsum rdefU
cGef;wpfck a>cawmhrnhf obmywdyHkpHrsdK;Nzihf auoDhudk tav;teuf
Munhf\/
]]vlESpfOD;cspfw,fqkdwmwJh 0dnmOfESpfck[m tawG;wpfrsdK;wnf;
udk yl;aygif;NyD; awG;wm? tonf;eSvHk;ESpfck[m wpfckwnf;vdkckefwm
tJ'grsdK;udk ac:w,fwJh}}
]]b,fol aNymwmvJ}}
]]*smrefpma&;q&m wpfa,mufyJav? ig zwfzl;wJhaumufekwf
csufpmtkyfxJu awGUwm/ tJ'Dpma&;q&m emrnfucufw,f ig
rrSwfrdbl;/ olUqkdvdk&if;t"dyÜg,fuav;u vSvdkU igrSwfrdaewm}}
aNymNyD; at;at;oG,fu yef;uefNym;udk rvsuf a&aq;&ef tcef;
tNyifokdU xGufoGm;awmhonf/
0dnmOfESpfck[m wpfrsdK;wnf;awG;wm? tonf;eSvHk;eSpfck[m
wpfckwnf;vdkyJ ckefwmwJh/ b,favmufaMumifvdkufonfh pum;rsm;
vJaemf/ vlESpfa,muf[m b,fvdkenf;eJUrS tawG;wpfrsdK;wnf; r&Sd
ekdifbl;/ Oyrm q&meSihf auoDqkdygawmh/ q&mu vufzuf&nf
BudKufonf/ olru aumfzDBudKufonf/ q&mu aumfNyefUpdrf;BudKuf
59
onf/ olru prlqm BudKufonf/ q&mu auoDhdukd csdwfxbDeSihf
odyfMunhfaumif;onfwJh/ olruawmh bDbJvfaNymifvHkcsnfrsm;udk
olrESihf vdkufzufonf[k xifonf/ tBudKufcsif; b,frSmwlvkdUvJ/
tonf;eSvHk;ESpfck? wpfckwnf;vdk ckef&r,f/
'ku©ygyJ/
q&m\ ndKarSmifaNzmifhpif;aom qHyif yGyGuav;rsm;udk Nrif
a,mifvmcJh\/ q&mhqHyifaysmhaysmhuav;awGu avwdkufvdkufvQif
vGihfceJ vGihfceJ a0hzGmoGm;aomfvnf; cPtMumwGif olUe*dktwkdif;
NyefNyD; yHkusoGm;wwfonf/ tNzLa&mif &Syfvuf&Snfudk tNrJwrf;
vufzsHtxufqDwGif acgufwifNyD; oyf&yfpGm 0wfavh&Sdaom q&m
onf auoDhtwGuf txifBuD; av;pm;zG,f&mNzpfonfqkdygvQif
rvHkavmufao;bl;vm;/ q&mu vufxyfcGihfawmif;rnfqkdvQif
xurnhfolawG wpfyHkBuD;&SdaerSef; olr odonfav/ onfBum;xJu
auoDhudk q&m vufxyfcsifonfqkdawmh olr tvGefuHaumif;ol[k
,HkMunfpGm aysmf&TifoGm;cJhonf/
q&monf rdef;reSihfywfoufívnf; emrnftpGef;txif; r&SdcJh
ol? t&ufaopm aomufpm;Ncif;rSvnf; uif;&Sif;ol? *kPfoa&&Sd
vlBuD; vlaumif; pm&if;0ifol? pum;aNymvQif ynmwwfavoHeSihf
rmeoH enf;enf;ygaomfvn;f ol vufxyf,lrnfh rdef;uav;\
*kPfodu©mudk xdef;odrf;zdkU owd&ol/ rdef;rwpfa,mufudk tqihft
wef;NrihfNrihf xm;ekdifpGrf;ol/ þuJhodkU vlwpfa,mufudkrS olr vuf
rxyfvQif b,fvdkvludk vufxyf&rnfenf;/
]]at;oG,f? eifeJUudkaZmf0if;eJU odyfcspfMuwmyJvm;[if}}
at;at;oG,fu rsufvHk;NyL;vsuf Munhfavonf/
]]eif 'Dar;cGef;rsdK; ighudk 3ESpfBumwJhtxd bmvdkU rar;ygvdrfh
vdkU igtHhMordw,f auoDa&/ igeJUudkaZmfeJU odyfcspfMuwmayhg/b,f
60
avmuftxd cspfovJvdkUar;OD;rvm;/ ol r&Sd&if ighb0 b,fvkdrS
qufNyD; &yfwnfvdkU&rSm r[kwfawmhbl;/ ol NrpfBuD;em;ukd NyefoGm;
&if igh&ifxJu &SdorQ tiftm;awGtukef olekwf,loGm;ovdk cHpm;&
w,f/ oluvGJNyD; bmudkrS pdwftm&HkxJ rxm;csifavmufatmif cspf
w,fav}}
xdkpum;udkaNymaepOf at;at;oG,f\ tenf;i,frdkUí?arS;pif;
aom rsufvHk;ndkuav;rsm;rSm &Tef;vufawmufyae\/ eIwfcrf;xl
xl wGJwGJuav;u NyHK;a,mifoef;vsuf&Sdonf/ olr vufndk;u
auoDhpmtkyfpifu pmtkyftaeSmihfrsm;ukd wpftkyfcsif; vdkufwkdUoGm;
aomfvnf; pmtkyfemrnfrsm;udk Nrif[efrwlyg/
]]'gNzihf eifwkdU bmvkdUr,lMuao;wmvJ[if}}
at;at;oG,fu zswfceJ vSnhfMunhf\/
]]ydkufqHav auoD? tdrfaxmifwpfckrSm aemufxyfta&;BuD;
wm wpfckaygh/ aiGaMu;vHkavmufrIr&SdwJh tdrfaxmifwpfckrSm tcspf
qkdwm b,fawmhrS tdrf&SifrNzpfekdifbl;wJh/ {nhfonfyJwJh}}
at;at;oG,f aNymorQ pum;awGu tqef;wMu,fawGygvm;
auoDonf ZGef;cuf&if;a&m? xrif;yef;uefa&m ypfxm;vdkuf
NyD; olrtcef;\ wpfckwnf;aom rSefNywif;aygufukd tus,fBuD;qGJ
zGifhypfvdkuf\/ taqmif{nhfonf ESifNyD;ptcsdefNzpfí tNyifbufrSm
ausmif;om;rsm;? {nhfonfrsm; &Sif;vif;aeNyD/ taqmif*dwfwHcg;0
uawmh cyf[[uav; yGihfaeao;\/ olr at;at;oG,fbufokdU
NyefvSnhfMunhfvdkufonf/
]]'gNzihf eif igwkdUESpfa,muf vufxyf&if bmawGNzpfvmedkif
rvJvdkU BudKwif edrdwfzwfprf;yg}}
at;at;oG,fu ycHk;uav;tomwGefYum auoDhckwifay:odkU
tdceJ ypfxkdifcsvdkufonf/ xkdUaemuf olUezl;ay: 0Jusaeonfh vdIif;
61
wGefUqHyifaumufaumufuav;rsm;udk vufNzihf qwfceJ yihfwif
vdkuf&if; auoDhudk pum;aNymavonf/
]]eifeJUq&meJU vufxyfMu&if .... eif q&mhudk &kdaoaMumuf&GHU
&r,f/ q&muawmh eifhudk trdefUawG wpfckNyD;wpfck ay;aevdrfhr,f/
'gayr,hf q&mu eihftay:rSm b,fawmhrS &ufpufrSmr[kwfbl;/
'gayr,hf enf;enf;awmh csKyfcs,fvdrfhr,f/ ywf0ef;usifu eifwkdY
ESpfa,mufudk odyfvdkufzufwJh ZeD;armifeSHvdkU Nrifvdrfhr,f/ rdef;rawG
uawmh eifwdkUvufxyfNyD; vydkif;avmuftxd eihfae&mudk 0ifvkcsif
pdwfeJU remvdkNzpfaeMuvdrfhr,f/eifhtdrfrSmvdk eifu aNcarG;rD;ravmif
vufarG;rD;ravmifaevdkU &awmhrSm r[kwfbl;/ xrif;[if;csuf&r,f?
q&mhudkr,m;0wÅ&m;ig;yg;eJUtnD NyKpk&vdrhfr,f/}}
]]ig aysmfr,fxifvm;[if}}
olr pdk;&GHUpGmar;rdawmh at;at;oG,fu [uf[uf yufyuf
&,farmavonf/ NyD;rS &kwfw&uf yg;pyfudk vufESihftkyfydwfum ...
]]eif aysmfrSmayhg auoD/ yxrykdif;rSm eif enf;enf;awmh pdwf
usOf;usyfr,f/ 'gayr,hf eif odyfaysmfvmr,f/ aemuf wNznf;Nznf;
eJU eif[m tcspfqkdwmukd odvmvdrfhr,f? q&m wNcm;rdef;rwpf
a,mufa,mufeJU pum;aNym&ifawmif tJ'Drdef;rudk eif owfypfcsif
vmvdrfhr,f}}
]]iguav}}
]]at;aygh? q&mhudk eif rcGJekdifavmufatmif cspfoGm;vdrfhr,f}}
]]tdk...}}
auoDonf yl&Sdef;oGm;aom yg;NyifeSpfbufukd vufNzihftom
t,m yGwfoyf&if; aus;Zl;wifpum; aNymvkdufrdonf/ xkdUaemuf
olrwkdU xrif;aqmifbufokdU ausmif;olrsm;ESihftwl vrf;avQmuf
oGm;Muavonf/
62
tcef; wpf
Am*sD;eD;,m; qvif;(rf) y&kyfat; pD;u&uf topfwpfAl;

azmufvdkufNyD; wpfvdyfukd EIwfcrf;rSmwyfvdkufpOf 'Daq;vdyf[m
'DaeUtzdkU aemufqHk;aq;vdyfNzpf&rnf[k qHk;Nzwfvdkuf\/ 'g[m
17 vdyfaNrmuf pD;u&ufvnf; NzpfcsifNzpfrnf/ 18vdyfaNrmuf pD;u
&ufvnf; NzpfcsifNzpfrnf/ bmaMumihfqkd Am*sD;eD;,m; qvif;(rf)
pD;u&uf wpfbl;rSm 14 vdyfom ygaomaMumihfNzpfonf/ apmapmu
oH&Hk;utNyef rdwfaqGwpfa,mufu olUukd rGefx&D ESpfvdyfvm;? oHk;
vdyfvm; wdkufvdkufao;\/ reufu xkwfaom qvif;(rf)wpfbl;
14vdyf? oli,fcsif;u wdkufaomaq;vdyf 2 vdyfyJxm;? ,ckaomuf
aomwpfvdyf aygif;vdkufvQif 17 vdyf/
ol ycHk;wGefUvdkufNyD; rD;Ncpf Ncpfum aq;vdyfudkrD;nSdvdkufonf/
aumfzDyef;uefudk aumufudkifNyD;rS Nyefcsvdkuf\/ em&Dudk tusihfyg
aom rsufpdNzihf iHkUMunhfvkdufawmh n 9em&D/ wppfppfudkufaeaom
em;xifESpfbufudk rodusdK;uRef NyKum? pmtkyfpifxJrS pmtkyfwpf
tkyfudk a&G;xkwfvdkuf\/
AGD? pD? paumh tkdaumfem;\ rEÅav;ESifh tNcm;Nrefrma&S;a[mif;
NrdKUawmfrsm; pmtkyfNzpfonf/ xkdpmtkyfudk pwifvSefavSm&if; pD;u
&ufwpfvSnfh aumfzDMurf;wpfvSnhf aomufaomtvkyfudk xHk;pHn
rsm;twkdif; aqmif&Gufavonf/
63
olonf &efukefNrdKUwGif BuD;Nyif;aom tNcm;vli,frsm;ESihf odyf
rwlaom vli,fwpfa,mufNzpf\/
Nyify yHkoP²efuawmh omrmefomNzpfonf/
olUtouf 27 ESpf&SdNyD/ tom; tawmftoihf NzL0if;onf/
qHyifu NrefrmvlrsdK;wdkU\qHyiftwkdif; rnf;eufaomfvnf; tenf;
i,f aysmhaNymif;onf/ qHyifudk cyfwkdwkd nSyfavh&Sdonf/ nmbuf
rSm cGJaMumif;xm;NyD; b,fbufcGJcsavh&Sdaom cyfwkdwkdqHyifaysmhrsm;
onf tenf;i,fus,faom ezl;Nyifukd rnfodkUrQ taESmifht,Suf
ray;ekdifacs/ pmudk vGefrif;pGm tm&Hkpdkuf zwf&Iavhvmolrsm; xHk;pH
twkdif; olonf rsufrSefwyfxm;&onfrSm 6 ESpfeD;yg;&SdNyD/ wpfbuf
u 525? wpfbufu 575&Sdaom rSefbDvl;cGufrsm;udk uRJaumfudkif;
y,if;a&mifNzifh wyfqifxm;\/ rsufvHk;rSm omrefxuf tenf;i,f
arS;oa,mifa,mif&Sdonf/ rsufcGH tenf;i,f rkdUaomaMumifhNzpfEdkif
\/ ESmacgif;rSm eSmwHay:aomfvnf; ESmtdk;u rqkdpavmufBuD;rm;
onf/ EIwfcrf;uawmh xlonf[kvnf; aNymvdkUr&?yg;onf[kvnf;
aNymvdkUr&/ txufEIwfcrf;eSifh atmufEIwfcrf;rSmvn;f nDnmae
onf/ EIwfcrf;\ tem;&pfrsm;xif&Sm;\/ rdkUaomrsufcGHESihf cyfplpl
xm;avh&dSaom EIwfcrf;wkdUukd wGJvdkufaomtcg tNrJwrf; rIefukyf
ukyf aewwfol wpfa,muftNzpf yHkpH usoGm;awmhonf/
t&yfu NrefrmvlrsdK;wpfa,muftwGuf redrfhvSaom 5ay 6
vufr twkdif;twm Nzpfonf/
pm;yGJay:&Sd oHrPdyef;uefNym;av;xJokdU pD;u&ufNymudk a>c
vdkufaom olUnmvufrSm vufawGUusolrsm;\ vuftrsdK;tpm;
av;axmihfvuf Nzpfonf/
olonf vdkufavsmnDaxG[laom pum;eSihf vHk;0 r&if;eSD;olNzpf
onf/ eHeufrkd;vif;rS ntxd olU tvkyfwm0efrsm;rSm ol vkyfoifh
64
onfh tvkyfrsm;omNzpfonf/ wpfpHkwpfa,muf\ qEúdkvdkufavsm
pGm vufcHawGUqHkNcif;Nzihf oltcsdef rNzKef;wwf/ xkdUaMumihf olU
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twÅBuD;ol [laomemrnfudkvnf;aumif;? udk,fhukdudk,f cspfol [l
aom emrnfudkvnf;aumif; &xm;ol Nzpfonf/
olonf avmuBuD;udk MunhfNrifaomtcg ightwGuf 'DxJu
bm&EdkifovJ[laom tNrifwpfrsdK;wnf;Nzihf Munhfavh&Sdonf/ rnf
olUtay:rSmrQ pdwfr&Snfwwf/ ol pdwf&SnfonfrSm olUtvkyfwpfck
om Nzpfonf/
pD;u&uf ukefoGm;aomtcg NymcGufxJokdU zdaNcypfvkdufNyD;
aumfzDukd tukefarmhcsvdkuf\/ aemufxyf pD;u&uf rxkwfrdatmif
pD;u&ufbl;ukd pmtkyfpif tay:qHk;wef;odkU ypfwifvkdufonf/ xkdU
aemuf em;xifESpfbufukd b,fbufvufrESihf vufcv,fwkdUNzihf
axmufum pm&Gufukd vSefvdkuf\/
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aomhcavmuf qGJvIyfcgoHESihf olUemrnfac:oHaMumifh zswfceJ
acgif;axmif Munhfvdkuf\/ aomhydwfxm;aom oHqGJwHcg;tNyif
bufrSm olUoli,fcsif;wpfa,muf rwfwwf &yfaeonf/ ol pdwf
ysuf vufysuf NzpfoGm;onfudk rsufESmwGif ray:atmifzHk;zd&if; uk
vm;xkdifrS aES;auG;pGm xvdkuf&onf/
ol zGihfay;vdkufaom wHcg;rS 0ifvmaom oli,fcsif;onf olU
xuf t&yfNrihfonf/ olUvdkyJ NrefrmekdifiHodkUvma&mufvnfywfaom
EkdifiHNcm;om; {nhfonfrsm;twGuf c&D;oGm;vrf;nTeftNzpf vkyfukdif
ol Nzpfonf/ wpfckyJ uGmonf/ oli,fcsif;u tpdk;&vufatmuf&Sd
Nrefrmh[dkw,fESihf c&D;oGm;vkyfief;wGif vkyfudkifNyD;? olu udk,fydkif
tvkyf (Private Guide) Nzihf toufarG;0rf;ausmif;onf/ olUvdkyif
65
1985ckeSpfu EdkifiHNcm;bmomoifausmif;rS *smrefbmom pum;
oifwef; atmifvufrSwf&xm;ol Nzpfonf/
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tcsdefawG awmfawmfydkaeovm; rodbl;/ wu,fqkd vdkcsifwJhpmtkyf
udk,lNyD; Nyefa&maygh/
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ol cyfNrefNref acgif;,rf;ypfvdkuf\/
]]reufNzef igc&D;xGuf&rSm}}
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]]rEÅav; ...NyD;awmh yk*H}}
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oli,fcsif;u tkdaumfem;\ pmtkyfudk aemufwpfBudrfBunhfí
NyHK;\/
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awmfawmf tar;tNref; xlwJhaumif/
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trsdK;om;wpfa,mufu tkd&D,ifw,fpfpwyf'Du ya&mfzufqm?
66
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csifwm bmpmtkyfvJ}}
oli,fcsif;u cyf[m;[m; &,fvsuf yckH;wGefUavonf/
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wm Ak'¨bmomeJU ywfoufwJhpmtkyf wpftkyfwavaygh/ rif;oihf
awmfr,fxifwm ay;vdkufuGm/ 'DvlawGeJU pum;aNymwJhtcsdefrSm ig
uRwfaerSm rif; rNrif&ufbl; r[kwfvm;}}
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]]olwkdYu bmrS rodcsifbl;? olwkdY odNyD;om;awGuG? olwkdY
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,aeUtzdkU yxrqHk;tBudrf ol NyHK;rdavonf/
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aemufNyD;}}
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]]odyfrpdk;&drfygeJY rif;ukd&m/ 'DvlawGu wkdYNrefrmekdifiHom;awG
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]]at;avuGm? igaMumufwmvJ tJ'gayghuG}}
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xkdoli,fcsif;onf tvGefarhavsmhwwfol Nzpf\/ wpfcgwkef;
u olUqDu a'gufwmxifatmif\ NrefrmNyZmwf t*Fvdyfbmom
pmtkyfudkiSm;oGm;NyD; wpfae&mrSm arhusefaecJhzl;onf/
67
]]at;yguGm? rif;pmtkyfawGudk ig tNrwfwEdk; udkifyghr,f/ igh
&nf;pm;vdk oabmxm;yghr,f/ [kwfyvm;? *Gwf'fEdkuf(wf)}}
&nf;pm;vdk oabmxm;yghr,fqkdygvm;/ &nf;pm;xm;&eftcsdef
r&aom rkd;a0onf &nf;pm;qkdonfrSm Nrwfekd;tyfaomt&m[kawmh
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pufbD;eJU em&D0uftwGif; b,fvdk a&mufatmifNyefrSmygvdrfh
at;av 'g ightvkyfrS r[kwfbJ/
rkd;a0\ tvkyfu reufNzef eHeuf 5em&D &xm;Nzihf rEÅav;odkU
vdkufygrnfh {nfhonfrsm;udk urf;em;[dkw,fodkU oGm;ac:&rnf/
rEÅav;a&mufvQif tcsdef&orQtwGif; {nhfonfrsm; avhvmcsif
aomae&mpHkaphatmif pDpOfay;&rnf/ rEÅav;rSm 3&uf? yk*HrSm 4&uf
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Ny&rnf/ aemufNyD;awmh rEÅav;eef;awmf ausmufpmcsyfrsm;?ukokdvf
awmfbk&m;&Sd wdyd#duwfausmufpmrsm;? a&Teef;awmf ausmif;a[mif;?
r[mtwkvausmif;wnfae&m/ ukokdvfawmfbk&m;&Sd yd#duwf
ausmufpmbk&m;rsm;udk olwkdU pdwf0ifpm;Muonf/ urmÇUtBuD;qHk;
pmtkyf[k urmÇrSm emrnfBuD;aom ausmufpmtrsm;qHk;udk wpfae&m
wnf;wGif awGUekdifaomaMumihf urmÇrSmemrnfBuD;aom rif;wkef;rif;
\ aumif;rIawmf ukokdvfawmfbk&m;udk EkdifiHNcm;om;wkdif; pdwf0if
pm;Muonf/ tcsdef&vQifawmh a&TNym;cwfvkyfief;udk tenf;i,f
&Sif;Nyedkifrnf/ Ak'¨bmomtaMumif;awmh odyfar;Murnf rxifyg/
olwkdUonf NrefrmwdkU\ bmoma&;tNrifudkod&ef NrefrmekdifiHokdU
vma&mufNcif; r[kwfMuyg/ NrefrmwkdU\ rlvtp &if;Nrpf? tapm
qHk; NrefrmaeNynfawmfvlrsdK;? "avh xHk;pH? vlrIa&;? ,Ofaus;rI p
onfwkdUukd avhvmMuolrsm;om Nzpfygonf/ olwdkU tavhvmcsif
68
qHk;t&mrSm vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif; 800ausmfu NrefrmwkdU\ Adokum
ynmom Nzpfygvdrfhrnf/
odkUaomf aocsmayguf wGufqvdkUawmh r&/
wpfcgwkef;uvnf; rekóaA' ynm&Sifwpfa,mufyJ/ Nrefrm
EdkifiH\ordkif;aMumif;udk avhvmaeol/ [efvif;NrdKUa[mif;taMumif;
aqG;aEG;&if;u Mum;azmufum a*gwr Ak'ärG;zGm;awmfrlonfh ckESpf?
y&dedAÁmefpHawmfrlonfh ckeSpfwkdUukd ol b,fvdkvufcHoenf;[k ar;
awmhonf/
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ygonf/ okdUaomf Oa&myekdifiHrsm;wGif vltrsm;pk avhvmMuaom
Ak'¨bmomrSm r[m,me Ak'¨bmom0if Nzpfaeonf/ Ak'ä*gwr\
Ak'¨0ifrSm bmomESpfrsdK;wGif uGJNym;aeaomaMumihf ol rnfonfh bm
omt& aNzqkd&rnfvJ? awmfawmf tawG;& usyfoGm;\/
odkUaomf ol csufcsif; qHk;NzwfcsufcsNyD; csufcsif;aNzvdkufonf/
c&pfawmf ary:rD 623 ckeSpfwGif arG;zGm;NyD;? c&pfawmfray:rD
544 ckeSpfwGif y&dedAÁmef pHygonf/
xdkt*FvdyfvlrsdK;u ycHk;wGefUvsuf NyHK;\/
]]Ak'¨bmomeJU ywfoufNyD; cifAsm;&JU ,HkMunfrIudk odyg&ap}}
[k ar;Nyefavonf/
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tawmfrsm;rsm; avhvmcJholwpfOD;\ bufrvdkufaom a0zefrIrsdK;udk
oHk;í Ak'¨bmom\ trSefw&m;rsm;udk twwfEdkifqHk; aNymNycJh&onf
xkdUaemuf urmÇrSm acwftrSDqHk;? trSefeJU teD;pyfqHk; bmomw&m;
[m Ak'¨bmomyJqkdwm vlBuD;rif; vufcHyghrvm;[k olu Nyefar;
awmh {nfhonfu vdIufvSJpGmvufcHaMumif; aNzonfhtcg ol awmf
awmf auseyfoGm;cJhonf/
69
ol &Hk;cef;rSm 37 vrf; atmufbavmufwGif &SdNyD; 6ay 10ay
tcef;usOf;uav; Nzpfonf/ qifpG,fa&mif w,fvDzkef;uav; wpf
ck? tkdvHyD,m c&D;aqmif t*FvdyfvufESdyfpufwpfvHk;? ESif;qDyef; 3
yGifhom pdkufekdifaom zeftkd;&Snfuav;wpfck/ pkpkaygif; ypönf; oHk;
rsdK;wifxm;aom uRef;pm;yGJwpfvHk;/ ukvm;xkdif 3vHk;/ aemufrSDryg
aom acG;aNc 3cHkESihf eH&Huyfpifwpfck xm;vkdufaomtcg tcef;
uav; NynfhusyfoGm;awmhonf/
0ifaygufeSihf wnhfwnfh oHk;xyfom;eH&HtxufwGif yk*Hu xD;
vdkrif;vdk bk&m;udk ae0ifcsdeftNrifNzihf a&;qGJxm;aom yef;csDum;
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wdkif a&;qGJaom yef;csDum;wpfcsyfvnf; Nzpfonf/
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aygvpf&Sfa&mif awmufae\/
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awmifBuD;Zmwd/ 'óeduaA'Nzihf bGJU&xm;NyD; bmompum; 4rsdK;
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Nzpfonf/ olonf vGefcJhaom 10ESpfu rSm;,Gif;pGm tdrfaxmifuszl;
onf[k aNymaomfvnf; xkdtdrfaxmifeSihfywfoufí olUvufaxmuf
rsm;udk bmrQ zGihfraNymcJhacs/ acgif;aqmifyDoaom tepfemcHrIrsm;
&Sd\/ Nrefrmvli,frsm; wkd;wufapcsifaom qE´&Sd\/ azmfa&Gaom
tNyHK;Nzihf vlcspfvlcifrsm;ol wpfa,mufvnf; Nzpfonf/
70
ti,fqHk;Nzpfaom oufNrihfxGef;rSm touf 25 eSpf/ þtvkyf
ü olUvkyfoufrSm 6vom &Sdao;\/ t*Fvdyfbmompum;uvGJí
rnfonfh bmompum;rQ rwwfao;/ olu Nrefrmpmt"duNzihf bGJU
&xm;ol/ taz taru &efukefrSmyJ&SdNyD; rdbxHrS rkefUzkd;awmif;oHk;
aomtusihfudk azsmufír&ao;acs/ pmzwf&ef tenf;i,fysif;ae
aomaMumifh udkcifarmifaZmfu rMumcP *&kPm a'goNzihf tqlylcH
&olNzpf\/ tvGefvSyacsmarmaom &nf;pm; cyfi,fi,f tysHpm;u
av;udk &xm;olNzpfí olUb0\ wefzdk;&dSvaomtcsdef oHk;yHkwpfyHk
udk olU&nf;pm;udk ay;qyfae&olvnf; Nzpfonf/
olwkdU oHk;a,mufvHk; Nrefrmh[dkw,fESihf c&D; oGm;XmerS usif;y
aom {nhfvrf;nTef aNcmufvoifwef;udk wufa&mufatmifNrifNyD;ol
rsm; Nzpfonf/ oHk;a,mufvHk;\ vdyfpmrSm þ&Hk;cef;vdyfpmNzpf\/
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atmufydkif; (txl;oNzihf yk*Ha'owpf0dkufESihf yk*H orkdif;aMumif;)udk
txl;uRrf;usifolNzpfNyD;? rEÅav;ywf0ef;usifudk udkcifarmifaZmf
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71
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olwkdU tcef;uav;udk wHNrufpnf;vSnf;? zkefokwfwm0efudk
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pdkuftdk;udkxm;&ef olUaumifrav;utqkdNyKNyD;onfhaemuf yef;pdkuf
tkd;wm0efrSm olU wm0efNzpfoGm;onf/ rdk;a0uawmh yef;tvSynm
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aomufMuonf/ okdUaomfxkdaeU&ufrsdK;u wpfvwGifav;ig;&ufom
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72
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81
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]]udk,fuawmh 'DtvkyfrSm wwfuRrf;ygw,f/ 'geJU rif;'D
ausmufxGif; pmawGxJudk aoaocsmcsm zkefokwfNyD;om;vm;}}
olru pl;&Saom rsuf0ef;Nzihf wpfcsuf pdkufMunhfum cyfwnf
wnfaNz\/
]]NyD;NyD? b&yf&SfeJUokwfxm;NyD;om;? b&yf&SfrS ESpfrsdK;
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[m ... avoHu b,fvdkygvdrhf/ olrudk ulnDol wpfa,muf
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udk aNymaom avoHrsdK;ygvm;/
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82
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olu rkdif;udkifpuúL topfwpf&Gufudk awmif;um a&qGwfvdkuf
NyD; b,folUtultnDrS rygbJ ausmufpmcsyfrsufESmNyifay:okdU
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awGU&í aumufudkifum t0wfudk vHk;pkvsuf puúLay:rS nifom
pGm vkdufzday;onf/
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&Gufukd ausmufcsyfatmufydkif;rSm xyfí uyfvkduf\/ xkdUaemuf
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83
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ol rtHhMoyg/
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Munhfvdkuf\/
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]]auoD}}
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]]tdk ...}}
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aemufcHwGif pdrf;Nyma&mif tpif;aMumif;auG;auG;uav;awGtNzpf
84
vSypGm wnf&Sdaeavonf/ tif; ... wu,fhudk *EÅ0ifyHkpHygyJvm;/
oluyJ rdef;rawGudk arharhavsmhavsmh xm;rdvdkUvm; rod/ ,ckvdk
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rNrifbl;yg/
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uav;rsm; atmufaNctxd epf0if ysHUESHoGm;atmif t0wfpNzihf nif
ompGm zdESdyfay;&if;u wpfatmihfavmuf NidrfoufoGm;\/ NyD;rS
zswfceJ NyefvSnhfum ....
]]uRefr Niif;vdkuf&if bmNzpfoGm;rvJ}} [k ar;\/ ol tenf;
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]]'guawmh rif;vGwfvyfcGihfeJU rif;yJ? vlwpfa,mufrSm udk,f
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cGihf &Sdw,f}}
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awmfawmf vQm&SnfwJh rdef;r/
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uefuef vkyfzdkUygyJ}}
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wif; aphxm;aom rkd;a0\EIwfcrf;rsm; auG;nGwfoGm;rvkd NzpfoGm;
85
\/ bk&m;a& ig olUudkNyHK;NyrdawmhrvdkU xifyg&JU/ rdk;a0onf &I
wnfwnf rsufeSmxm;Nzpfatmif Nyefxdef;vsuf olrudk iHkUMunhf
onf/
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vm;}}
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r,frif;BuD;r awmfawmf [efBuD;yefBuD; ekdifygvm;/
trsdK;orD;u udk,fudkudkif;xm;&mrS rwfwyf &yfvdkuf\/
trsdK;orD;\ t&yfonf 5ay 6vufr&Sdaom olUt&yfxufyif
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nSmwmpdwf r&Sdbl;eJUwlw,f/
]]aumif;NyD rif; oabmwl&if rif;udk olwkdUtzGJUeJU rdwfqufay;
r,f [kwfvm;/ 'geJU olu b,folwJhvJ? rif;eJU bmawmfovJ}}
vli,fuav;u ausmufpm\ aemufbufwGif oHywfukefae
aom t&kyfwpfckvdk ysif;wd ysif;wGJ rwfwwf&yfqJ ....
]]olu uRefr&JUarmifav;? pnfolvkdU ac:ygw,f}}
rkd;a0onf za&mpwkdU(Zf)bufokdU vSnhfvdkuf\/
]]olu *kPf,lpGm oabmwlwJhtaMumif; aNymygw,f/ cifAsm;
wdkUudk rdwfqufay;yg&ap}}
cGmNrifhzdeyfcsif;twlwl *smreftrsdK;orD;u auoDhxuf t&yf
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]]olu tzGJUacgif;aqmif a'gufwmtD&pf(csf)a0h(Zf)? olu
86
a'gufwm z&pf(Zf)pwkdU(Zf)? 'DtrsdK;orD;uawmh a'gufwm pwdkU(Zf)
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aNymNyD; wpfvufpwnf; auoDhudk vufaNrSmuf nTefNyvsuf ...
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ol NyHK;vdkufonf/ auoDuvnf; vSpfceJ NyHK;vdkufwm owd
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awmfawmfvSwJh rdef;uav;yJ/
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Buawmhonf/
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udk vdkcsifw,f}}
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Nyefvkyfonf/ za&mpwdkU(Zf)u &IUaxmifhtrsdK;rsdK;Nzihf "mwfyHk&dkuf,l
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]]ighudk ar;cGihfNyKyg uwfoD? tJ'g bmtwGufvJ}} a'gufwma0h
87
(Zf)u ausmufpmudk nTefNyí auohDukd t*Fvdyfbmompum;Nzihf
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a&&Gwf&if; olUudkarmhMunhfNyD;rS Nrefrmvdk aNzonf/
]]uRefr NrefrmpmeJU r[m0dZÆm aemufqHk;ESpfatmifNyD;om;yg/
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a'gufwmu acgif;wndwfndwfESihf oabmuspGm NyHK;ae\/
xdkUaemuf ....
]]'g bmausmufpmvJ}} [k olUudkar;\/ ol csufcsif;raNzekdifbJ
awGa0oGm;pOf auoDu olUudk armhMunhfum ....
]]'gwkdif;cRwfbk&m; ausmufpmav}}[k taNzay;\/ olu
a'gufwmudk wpfvHk;csif; emrnf&GwfNyvdkuf\/
]]rdk;a0 'Dausmufpmudk ol zwfwwfr,fvdkU igx,fw,f}}
]][kwfuJh Nzpfekdifygw,f}}
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xkdUaemufpuúLudk ,yfcwfay;aeaom auoDteD;wGif ol &yf
vdkuf\/ tkwfcHkay:wGif wifxm;aom wdyfNym;uav;udk aumuf
udkifMunhf&if; ....
]]auoD? rif; olwdkUudk wpfck ulnDEkdifrvm;? a[m
[dk apmrif;vwf ausmufpmudk olwkdUudk zwfNyekdifrvm;}} [kar;
vdkuf\/
auoD rsufarSmif wGefUoGm;Nyefonf/
88
]]apmrif;vwf? ausmufpm "mwfyHkpmtkyfxJrSmawmh uRefr tm;
vHk;zwfzl;ygw,f/ 'gayr,hf "mwfyHkeJUtNyifeJU uGmNcm;rI &Sd r&Sd rod
ekdifbl;av/ 'gayr,hf 'Dausmufpm[m uRefr&JU oD;qpfxJrSmvJ yg
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]]aus;Zl;wifygw,f auoD}}
auoDonf eHywf 46 ausmufpmwkdifa&SUwGif rwfwwf&yfum
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qef; 11 &uf aomMumaeUtm; ....}}
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638 Nzihfaygif;NyD; c&pfouú&mfZftNzpf wGufay;vdkuf\/ pdóESpf
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yk*HacwfwGif Nyu©'defESpfrsm;udk trnfrsm;Nzihf azmfNyavh&SdaMumif;
aumZmouú&mZfudkwnf 2 Ekwf? 12ESihfpm;vQif 3<uif;ygu pdó
ESpf NzpfaMumif; &Sif;NyvQif olwkdU ysif;&dNiD;aiGUoGm;Ekdifygonf/
]]bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wem; oHk;yg;ü &kdaoNrwfekd;pGm
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89
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tvsm; teH t&uf 60 oGm;aom ausmufzsmBuD;wGif cg;wkdifESpf
90
vsuf a&vnf;r& tpm;vnf;r& vQmig;vHxGufvQuf cHapownf;}}
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91
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92
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93
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94
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96
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97
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98
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100
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]][m ... udkrdk;a0 NyefawmhrvdkUvm; cPav;}}
cyfoGufoGuf avQmufvmaom pnfolu olYudkNcHwHcg;0wGif rD
vm\/ pnfolUrsufcHk;rsm;u olUtpfrrsufcHk;rsm;xufyif xlxJeuf
arSmifonf/ pnfolu ekzyfaom tNyHK;uav;Nzihf olUudkrdwfzGJU\/
]]uRefawmfhudk wpfckulnDprf;ygAsm? rru uRefawmf tNyifoGm;
&if wpfa,mufwnf; vTwfcsifwm r[kwfbl;As/ olvdkufr,fcsnf;yJ
aNymaew,f/ tJ'g tck uRefawmhfudk ac:xkwfoGm;ay;prf;yg}}
]]rif;u b,fukd oGm;csifwmvJ}}
pnfolu acgif;ukwfzGypfNyD; [ufceJ wpfcsuf&,fum ...
]]aomufp&m wpfckck&wJh enf;enf;vJ oyf&yfwJhqkdif
wpfckckayghAsm}}[kaNz\/ oltenf;i,f NyHK;csifcsif NzpfoGm;onf/
]]pnfol ....}}
cyfqwfqwfac:oHeSifhtwl orHwvif;ay: wcGyfcGyf avQmuf
vmonfh cGmNrifhzdeyfoHeSihftwl teD;odkU auoDa&mufvmonf/
]]pnfolaemf? eif bmawG avQmufvkyfrvdkUvJ}}
auoDhrsufeSmxm;u cyfrmrm/
]]rruvJ uRefawmfbmvkyfrSmrkdUvJ? eufNzef bk&m;awGudk rr
yJ pufbD;eJU oGm;csifvkdufwmqkd? tJ'gaMumihf udkrkd;a0udk pufbD;em
&DeJUiSm;wJhqkdifawG bmawG r&Sdbl;vm;vdkU ar;aewm}}
]]a[m'Da&SUu ,Gef;ypönf;qkdif awGUw,fr[kwfvm;/ axmihfu
av/ tJ'Dqkdifu pufbD;iSm;w,f/ wpfem&Dukd ig;usyfay;&w,f/
'gayr,fh wpfaeukefiSm;&ifawmh eSpfq,fbJ,lw,f/ rif;wkdU armif
eSr tJ'gqkd tqifaNyrSmaygh/ 'geJUpnfoltouf b,favmuf&SdNyD
102
vJ}}
]]uRefawmf 22 eSpf&SdNyD}}
]]auoD? touf 22ESpfqdkwm vlvm;aNrmufyDyJ? tpfrwpf
a,muf&JU ae&mwum pGufzufrIudk 'Dt&G,frSm rcHoihfawmhbl;}}
]]&Sifawmfawmf &dkif;wJhvlyJ/ uRefrarmifudk uRefr bmyJpGufzuf
onfNzpfap &Sifhtyl wpfNym;om;rS rygbl;}}
olabmif;bDtdwfxJ vufeSpfzufEdIufum rckd;rcefU &,farmrd
onf/
]]ukd,f toufESpfq,f t&G,fuwnf;u udk,hftarekdifiHNcm;
a&mufaew,f? ukd,fhb0vrf;udk udk,fwkdifavQmufcJhwmyJ/ b,folU
&JU rprl? b,folU&JU apmihfa&Smufrl? b,folU&JU tMuHay;rIrS rvdkbJ
udk,f BuD;Nyif;cJhw,f}}
]]vlawGrSm ESpfrsdK; ESpfpm;&Sdw,f udkrdk;a0? wpfpHkwpfa,muf&JU
xdef;csKyfay;rIudk rvkdtyfwJh vl trsdK;tpm;&,f? xdef;csKyfay;zkdUvHk;0
vdktyfwJh trsdK;tpm;&,f? uRefr armifu 'kwd, trsdK;tpm;xJrSm
ygw,f/ &Sif bmaNymcsifao;vJ}}
[m ... tom;vGwf apmfum;cHae&ygvm;/
]]raNymygbl;? bmrS raNymcsifygbl;/ pnfolUukdyJ aNymcsif wm
yg/vlawG[m udk,hfwm0ef udk,f,lwwf&w,f/ wpfa,mufa,muf
ukd ckwHk;vkyfzkdUvJ rBudK;pm;&bl;/ odvm; pnfol/ tck rif;qE´&Sd&if
udk,feJUvdkufcJhvdkU&w,f/ tJ ... tNyefrSm &ifqkdif&r,fh rif;tpfr&JU
a'goudk rif; raMumuf&ifaygh}}
pnfol rsufESmav; i,foGm;\/
]]t&ufaomufrvmygbl;vdkU uwday;&if vdkufcGihfNyKr,f}}
ol ycHk;wGefUvdkufum pnfolUudk ig bmrS rwwfEdkifbl;[laom
trlt&mNzihf Munhfvdkuf\/
103
]]uJ uwday;vdkufyg pnfol? ukd,f rif;udk vufzuf&nf wkduf
r,f? aemufNyD; urmÇay:rSm t&ufxufydkt&om&SdwJht&mawGtrsm;
BuD; &Sdaeygw,f/ tJ'gudk rif; odapcsifw,fav}}
]]&Sif uRefr armifudk b,fawG ac:oGm;OD;rvkdUvJ}}
ol a'goaxmif;ceJ xGufoGm;\/ vufxJrSm udkifxm;aom
pmtkyfudkom iJhraebl;qkdvQif yufyufpufpufaNymNyD; NyefvSnhf
xGufrdvdrfhrnf/ ,ckawmh olUa'goudk twwfekdifqHk; rsdKodyfcsvkduf
&\/
]]udk,f rif;&JUarmifudk yk*H&JU wu,fhn tvSppfppfeJU rdwfquf
ay;rvdkU auoD/ bmrS pdwfrylygeJU? 'geJU pnfol bGJU&NyD;NyDvm;}}
]][kwfuJh}}
]]bmeJU NyD;wmvJ}}
]]zdqpf(uf)(pf)}}
]]awmfawmfqdk;wmyJ? vlwkdif;rSm tekynmtNrif tenf;eJUtrsm;
awmh &SdwwfMurSmyJvdkUudk,f xifw,f}}
xkdUaemufauoDhbufodkUvSnfhí BudK;pm;yrf;pm;NyHK;Nyvkdufonf/
]]pnfolUudk wefzdk;&SdwJh udk,hftcsdefawGxJu 45 rdepfavmufzJh
ay;NyD; pdwfMunfEl; csrf;aNrUatmif zefwD;ay;r,fh twGuf rif; udk,hf
udk aus;Zl;wifzkdUaumif;w,f auoD}}
xkdUaemuf auoDhpum;tNyefudk rapmihfawmhbJ csmceJ vSnhf
xGufvmcJhonf/ ab;rSm pnfol uyfvdkufvmonf/
]]rdef;rawG[m 'DvdkyJuGm? olwkdU[m b0rSm wpfpHkwpfa,muf
udk tNrJwrf; csKyfcs,fcsifaewm/ olwkdU&JUarmifawG? wu,fvdkU tdrf
axmifus&if olwkdU&JUcifyGef;awG? aemuf olwkdU&JUom;awGayhg/ tJ'D
vdk csKyfcs,fzkdU rdef;rqdkwm NzpfvmwmwJh}}
104
pnfolu cyf[uf[uf &,favonf/
'Drdef;r[m b,fawmhMunhfMunhf vSywihfw,faeawmhwmygyJ
vm;/
at;&dyfompm;aomufqkdifxJodkU 0ifvkdufvQif 0ifvdkufcsif; olU
rsufvHk;tm&Hku olrxH csufcsif;a&mufoGm;onf/ olrwkdUESpfa,muf
u b,fbufab;u av;axmifhpm;yGJ cyfao;ao;rSm xdkifaeMu\/
olwkdUuvnf; olUudk NrifoGm;onf/ auoDu NyHK;NyEIwfqufazmfyif
r&/ todtrSwfNyKyHk r&/ pnfoluom NAKef;ueJ x&yfum olUxHtl
,m; zm;,m; avQmufvm\/
]][m ... udkrkd;a0 tawmfyJAsm? uRefawmfwkdUeJU twl0ifxkdifyg}}
]]aeygapawmhuGm? udk,f 'Dem;yJ xkdifvkdufr,f}}
]]r[kwfbl;As? vmyg cifAsm; wpfa,mufwnf;qdkysif;p&mBuD;
[dk {nhfonfawGa&m}}
]]olwkdUu [dkw,frSm aeUv,fpm oGm;pm;Buw,fav/ reuf
Nzefus&ifawmh udk,feJUtwl Nrefrmxrif; vdkufpm;r,fvdkUaNymw,f}}
ol &kyfysufqif;ysuf rNiif;csifaomaMumifh pnfolESihftwlvdkuf
vmonf/ ol 0ifxdkifvdkufawmh auoDu acgif;ndwf EIwfqufNy&Hk
yJ/ Munhf&wm rkd;a0udk tcJaus[ef rwlyg/
]][Jvkd ... auoD? r*Fvm eHeufcif;yg}} [k ol arhavsmhpGmEIwf
qufawmh auoDu ]]r*Fvmyg}}[k Nrefrmvdk EIwfqufonf/
]]udkrkd;a0 uRefawmfwkdU [if;rSmNyD;NyD? ukef;abmifBuD;aMumf&,f?
0ufyJig;yd&,f? tpdrf;aMumf&,f? ,dk;',m; [if;csdK&,f rSmxm;w,f/
cifAsm; bmxyfrSm OD;rvJ}}
]]rrSmawmhygbl;/ 'geJU vHkavmufrSmyg/ wpfckawmh &Sdw,f/ 'D
ukefusp&dwfukd udk,fay;&rSNzpfr,f}}
]][m ... bmNzpfvdkUvJ/ cifAsm;rodvkdU rru abmfZmAs}}
105
ol auoDhudk vSrf;Munhfawmh auoDu olUukdpdkufMunhfaeonf
eSihf qHkoGm;\/ olU&ifxJrSwpfckckudk xkdrsufvHk;rsm;u qGJi,f,loGm;
awmhrvdk cHpm;vdkuf&onf/ 'Drdef;r nd§KUwwfw,feJUwlw,f/olNAKef;
qkd rsufpd vTJypfvdkuf&onf/
]]'gayr,hf udk,fu olpdrf; rdef;rwpfa,muf tvum;auR;wJh
xrif;ukd rpm;csifbl;av? ukd,hf&JU aMumifuGufwpfckyJvdkU ausmif;ae
zufrdef;uav;awG rSwfcsufcszl;w,f/ bmyJNzpfNzpf tcktcsdeftxd
b,frdef;rurS udk,hfudk xrif;auR;cGihf r&ao;bl;uG}}
]]&Sif awmfawmf BuD;us,fwJhvlygvm;}}
aNym&if; tHhMop&maumif;pGm auoDu toHxGuf&,farmav
onf/ auoDh&,foHrSm 0gnufNyD; tufonf/ rdef;uav;trsm;pkqD
rSm Mum;aeus pl;&Sao;rQifaom &,foHrsdK;r[kwf/
]]'gNzihf&ifvJ uRefrwdkUarmifESrtwGuf *dkuf('f)vkyfay;av? 'g
qkd&if &Sif ... 'Dxrif;udk tvum;pm;wm b,f[kwfawmhvdkUvJ}}
]][m rruvJAsm}}
ol rsufceJ atmifhoGm;onf/ pdwfudk xdef;csKyfrxm;rdvQif xkdif&mrS
0kef;ceJ xxGufoGm;rdrnf/ a'goNzihf auoDh rsufESmudk
vSrf;Munhfawmh vSyaom tNyHK;uav; wpfck/ ol pdwfoufom&m
&oGm;onf/
]]xrif;wpfeyfeJUawmh udk,f 'Dtvkyfudk b,fvkyfekdifrvJ/
udk,fh&JU 0ifaiGu wpf&ufukd NrefrmaiG ESpf&m &Sdw,f}}
pnfolu &TDueJavcRefvsuf ]]b,fqkd;vdkUvJAs?uRefawmfawmif
vkyfcsifpdwfaygufvmNyD}} [k 0ifaNym\/
]]oabmu &Sif uRefrwkdUudk vrf;nTefay;zdkU uRefrwdkUu &Sihfudk
NrefrmaiG ESpf&m ay;&r,fayhg}}
]]ti;f ...tJ'Dvdk oabmrsdK;ygyJ/ 'gayr,hf wpfckawmh &Sdw,f/
106
udk,fwkdU tcsif;csif; oabmwlnDrI wpfck,l&atmif/ udk,fu rif;wkdY
udk ukd,fwdkUoGm;r,hf ae&mawG tm;vHk;ac:oGm;ay;r,f/ rif;u udk,hf
{nfhonhfawGtvGefpdwf0ifpm;wJh ausmufpmawG awGU&if zwfNy ay;&
r,f/ 'gqkd&if aiGudpö rvdkawmhbl;av}}
auoD aemufwpfBudrf &,farmNyefonf/
]]'Dtwkdif;qdk&if uRefr&JU ausmufpm uRrf;usifrIu &Sihf&JUvkyf
ief;uRrf;usifrIeJU wef;wl wefzdk;&Sdw,fvdkU ,lqvdkuf&rvm;}}
ol auoDhudkMunhf&if; NyHK;vdkufonf/
]]tJ'Dvdk ,lqvdkufyg}}
xkdUaemuf olwkdUoHk;a,muf NydKifwl &,farmvdkufMuonf/ au
oDESihf olUMum;wGif&Sdaom tmCmwrsm; wNznf;Nznf; vGihfaysmuf
awmhrnf[k cHpm;vdkU&aeonf/
]]&Sihfudk raeUnupum;awGt&tuJcwf&wm &Sift&ufaomuf
wwfvdrfhr,fvdkU xifygw,f? tJ'g [kwfovm;}}
] ][kwfw,f? t&ufaomufwm[m aq;vdyfaomufwmavmuf
awmif ynm rvdkygbl;}}
]]tckaum &Sif aomufr,fvdkU pdwful;xm;ovm;[if}}
awmfawmf pyfpkwJhrdef;ryJ/ ol csufNcif; raNzbJ taNzukd pOf;
pm;vdkufao;\/
]]udk,fhtvkyfawGu udk,hfudk aomufcGifh ray;bl;/ udk,f[m
vlBuD;vlaumif; wpfa,mufNzpfw,fqkdwm {nhfonfawG ,HkzdkUxuf
udk,hfudk,fudk ,HkzdkUvdkw,f/ vlawG[m b,ftcsdefrSm t&ufaomuf
oihfw,f? b,ftcsdefrSm t&uf raomufoihfbl;qkdwm qHk;Nzwfekdif
Buygw,f/ tenf;qHk; udk,fuawmh qHk;Nzwfekdifw,fav}}
þtaNzonf auoD htwGuf vHkavmufvdrfhrnf[k xifonf/
]]'geJU uRefrwkdU b,fawGa&mufNyD;NyDvJvdkU &Sif rar;ao;bl;}}
107
'ku©ygvm;/
]][kwfvm; udk,far;oihfovm;/ 0rf;enf;ygw,f udk,frS pdwf
r0ifpm;wm}}
]]tdk.... pdwf0ifpm;&rSmayhg/ yk*Hukd wpfacgufyJ cPa&mufzl;wJh
armifESr eSpfa,muf *dkuf('f)rygbJ b,fawGavQmufa&mufrvJqkd
wm &Sif pdwfukd0ifpm;&r,f}}
olru twif;tusyf oabmrsdK; aNymawmh olyg;pyfta[mif;
om; NzpfoGm;\/
]]aumif;NyD? udk,f pdwf0ifpm;oGm;NyD? rif;wkdU b,fawGa&mufcJh
ovJ}}
auoDu ycHk;av;wGefUum toH rxGufatmif &,favonf/
]]oAÁnKbk&m;udk a&mufw,f/ r[maAm"d bk&m;udka&mufw,f
a*ga"myv’if bk&m;udk a&mufw,f/ tJ'gawGu Nyóem r&Sdygbl;/
oAÁKnKbk&m;em;rSm uRefr pdwf0ifpm;p&m taqmuftOD;wpfck awGU
cJhw,f/ tJ'D taqmuftOD;&JU tNyifeH&HrSm &kyfwkxm;zkdUtaygufawG
&Sdw,f/ txJu t&rf;vJ arSmifw,f/ txJrSm tkwfwkdifBuD;wpfck&Sd
w,f/ Nrefrmbk&m;awGrSm awGUavh&SdwJh taetxm;rsdK; r[kwfbl;}}
]]aeOD;? tJ'D taqmuftOD; a&SUrsufeSmpm[m tkwfcH cyfNrihfNrifh
tus,fBuD;&Sdw,f? [kwfovm;/ olUab;cyfvSrf;vSrf;rSm tay:ykdif;
NydKysufaewJh bk&m;wpfqlvJ &Sdw,fav}}
]][kwfw,f}}
]]'gqkd rif;wdkUa&mufcJhwm ewfavSmifausmif;yJ Nzpf&r,f}}
]][m [kwfw,f rr&JU/ uRefawmfwkdYeJU awGUwJh vSnf;orm;BuD;
wpfa,muf aNymvdkufom;yJ}}
]]uRefr odcsifwm tJ'DrSm bmbk&m;awG &SdcJhvJ/ b,folwnfcJh
wmvJ}}
108
]]tif; ... bmbk&m;awGvJqkdawmh Ak'¨bmomr[kwfwJh bk&m;
awGaygh/ [dE´Lewf bk&m;awGav/ tJ'DxJu t"du ewfbk&m;&kyf
awGu tJ'DrSm r&Sdawmhbl;/ rif; tHhMorSmyJ/ tJ'DxJu AdóEdk; ewf
bk&m;&kyfwku bmvifNywdkufrSm a&mufaew,fwJh/ tck usefaewJh
t<uif;tusefawGu AdóEdk; vl0ifpm;awG&JU &kyfxkxJu wcsdKUwpf
0ufyJ? tJ'gudk Nywdkufudk a&GUxm;w,f/ rif; AdóEdk;ewfawGeJU ywf
oufvdkU bmawGodvJ}}
auoDu pm;yGJay: wHawmifqpfaxmufí xkdvufz0g;ay:wGif
ar;wifvsuf olUudk ai;Munhfum acgif;,rf;onf/
]]uRefr bmrS rodbl;/ bmoma&;eJUywfouf&if uRefru
tm;enf;w,f/ r&SufbJ 0efcH&r,fqkd&if Ak'¨bmomtaMumif;awmif
arar aNymNyoavmufyJ odwmav}}
onfvkd qkdNyefawmh olr rsufeSmrSm ,cifu awGUcJh&onhf
rmefrmersm; wif;rmrIrsm; uif;pifaeNyefonf/
]]udk,fodoavmuf aNymNyr,fav/ tif; udk,fzwfzl;orQaygh/
AdóEdk;ewfawG[m [dE´LawG udk;uG,fwJh bk&m;awGyJ/ wkdUAk'¨bmom
rSm odMum;rif;u vlUNynfu vlaumif;wpfa,muf 'ku©a&mufae&if
olU ausmufzsm wif;vmw,fvdkU aNymw,f/ ol vlUNynfudk Munhf
vdkufw,f/ tif; ... 'Daumifawmh ig ru,f&if aozG,f&m &Sdawmh
w,fqdkNyD; wm0wd Hom ewfNynfuae vlUNynfudk vla,mifzefqif;
NyD; <uvmw,f/ u,fwifw,f? tJ'Dvdk oabmrsdK;yJ? NA[®Pbmom
rSmvJ vlUavmurSm owÅ0gawG 'ku©a&mufvm&if vdktyfwJhtcsdefrSm
AdóEkd;ewfbk&m;[m vlUNynfudk toGiftrsdK;rsdK;eJUqif;vm avh&Sd
w,f wJh/ tJ'Dvdk toGifaNymif;NyD; vl0ifpm; NzpfvmwJh olawGudk
t0wm&vdkU ac:w,fwJh/ tck ewfavSmifausmif;xJrSm tvsifwkef;
uawmh tJ'D t0wm&&kyfwk 10 ckawmif &Sdw,fvdkUzwf&w,f/
109
tckawmh rawGU&awmhbl;av? AdóEdk; ewfbk&m;u pdwf0ifpm;zdkU
awmh aumif;o;myJ? olu r[m,me Ak'¨bmomeJU enf;enf;EG,fae
w,fvdkUawmif aNymvdkU&w,f}}
pnfolUudk vSrf;Munhfvdkufawmh olUpum;rsm;udk ysif;&dNiD;aiGU
[efNzihf apmapmuvmcsoGm;aom tpdrf;aMumfyef;uefxJrS [if;&Guf
uav;rsm;udk wlNzihf aumuf,l pm;aeonf/
]]uRefrxifwmu rSm;csifvJrSm;rSmayhgav/ yk*H[m r[m,me
Ak'¨bmomvJ tenf;i,f xGef;um;cJhvdrhfr,fvdkUxifw,f/ 'gayr,fh
ax&0g' Ak'¨bmomydkNyD; vTrf;rdk;ygw,f/ uRefr aNymwmrSef&JUvm;}}
]]rSefygw,f}}
]]tif;av ... tJ'Dawmh 'Dausmif;[m yk*HrSm Ak'¨bmom rxGef;
um;cifu aqmufcJhwJhausmif; NzpfcsifNzpfr,f/ 'grSr[kwf tif; ...
uRefr em;rvnfbl;/ uRefrwkdUNrefrmrif;awGxJu b,fbk&ifursm;
Ak'¨bmomr[kwfwJh bk&m;udk udk;uG,fcJhygvdrfhvdkU/ uRefr pOf;pm;&
oavmufawmh taemf&xm rwkdifrD rif;awGyJ Nzpf&r,f/
ol auoDh rsufvHk;eufeufuav;rsm;udk cyfai;ai; wpfcsuf
BunhfNyD; NyHK;&,fvdkufrdonf/
]]auoD tJ'Dtcsuf[m rif;pOf;pm;zdkU rvdkygbl;/ a&S;a[mif;
okawoeXme&JU tvkyfyg/ urÜnf;ausmufpm Xme&JUtvkyfyg/ rif;
u ausmufpmuRrf;usifwJholqkdawmh csm;(vf)(pf)'l&GdKifq,fvfudk od
rSmayghaemf}}
]]tkd ... odwmaygh}}
]]at;av olwdkU ausmufpmawG? aypmawGudkzwfNyD; okawoe
vkyfcJhNyD;NyD? ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmawmif MumcJhayhg/ ri;fuHaumif;oGm;wm
aygh}}
]]ravSmifygeJU}}
110
]][m ... ravSmifygbl;uGm}}
okdYaomf rkd;a0\ rsufeSmrSm &,fusJusJ yHkpHudkNrifae&aom auoD
onf tvGefvSyaom rsufapmif;wpfMunhfNzihf vufceJ Munfav
onf/
xkdUaemuf [if;yef;uefrsm; pHkvifNyDNzpfí olwkdUxrif;pm;Mu
onf/ auoDu tcJrausbJ xyfaNymonf/
]]udk,hf tvkyf&Sifudk udk,foa&mfwJh *dkuf('f)rsdK; 'DwpfcgyJ awGU
zl;w,f}} ol wtHhwMoNzpfoGm;um cyfaMumifaMumif armhMunhfrd\/
]][m ... ukd,fu rif;wkdU&JU *dkuf('f) NzpfoGm;NyDvm;? b,fwkef;
uvJ}}
]]&Sif xrif; p pm;wJh tcsdefuwnf;uyJ}}
]]aovkdufprf;yguGm? udk,frS rodcJhbJ/ uJ ...aumif;NyD/ udk,f
rif;udk raoa&mfbJ aNymNyyghr,f/ 'gayr,hf udk,fodyftcsdef r&bl;
aemf}}
vufrSem&Dudk wpfcsufiHkUMunfhNyD; ]]aeUv,f wpfem&DcGJtcsdefrSm
udk,f olwkdUeJU NyefawGU&r,f/ udk,fwkdU Nrif;uygbufudk oGm;rvdkU?
rif;wkdU a&mufNyD;NyDvm;}}
]]Nrif;uyg .... [ifhtif;}}
]]vdkufcsif ...vdkufcJhav/ vdkufcJhqkd udk,fwdkYudkrif;wkdU a*:a"m
yv’ifbk&m;em;u apwDtNzLuav; a&SUuae tqifoihfapmihfae?
aeUv,f wpfem&DcGJrSm pxGufvmcJhMurSm}}
]][kwfuJh}}
ol xrif;udk ZGef;cuf&if;Nzihf *&kwpdkufe,f&if; b,fvdk twdk
csKyfNyD; aNym&yghrvJ[k pOf;pm;aerd\/
]]'geJU rif; ausmufpmpdwf0ifpm;&if OD;vlaz0if;udk odrSmyJ}}
]]ausmufpm0ef OD;vlaz0if;av? odwmaygh}}
111
]]tkdau? OD;vlaz0if;uawmh ewfavSmifausmif;udk c&pfouú&mZf
930 ckESpfrSm awmifolBuD;rif; wnfcJhw,fvdkU aNymw,f/ 'gay
r,hf taqmuftOD;yHkoP²efeJU ausmufqpfynmvuf&mawGudkMunfh
Ncif;tm;Nzihf tJ'Davmuf rapmekdifbl;vdkU tdEd́,ynm&Sif wpfa,muf
u aNymw,f/ 'l&dGKifq,fvfzwf&w,fqkdwJh vufa&;pmrlwpfckt&
vnf; taemf&xmrif;[m oxHkudk wkdufckdufatmifNrifNyD;rS
ewfavSmifausmif; wnfaqmufw,fvdkU ygowJh/ 'gawG[mvJ odyf
taxmuftxm;&Sdwmawmh r[kwfbl;av/ aemufqHk; aumufcsufcs
xm;wmawmh Nrif;uyg t&yfrSm awGUw,fqkdwJh wrD;vf ausmufpm
wpfckt&yJ? tJ'Dausmufpmu 13 &mpkESpfu a&;cJhwmvdkU aNymwmyJ/
tJ'DxJrSm AdóEdk;bk&m;ausmif;udk wHcg;ayguf wpfckvI'gef; wJh
taMumif;ygaew,f/ tm;vHk;aygif;pyfMunhfvdkufawmh taemf&xm
rif;&JUaumif;rIvdkU ,lq&w,fwJh/ t&Snfudk rif;odcsif&if awmh
zwf&r,fh pmtkyfawG udk,f nTef;ay;ekdifygw,f}}
auoDu acgif;wpfcsuf ndwfvsuf ..
]]aus;Zl;wifygw,f/ uRefr tm;wJhtcg zwfcsifw,f/ 'geJU&Sif
nTefay;r,hfpmtkyfawGu Nrefrmvdkvm; t*Fvdyfvdkvm;}}
ol auoDhezl; 0dkuf0dkufuav;udk trSwfrxif vSrf;Munhfvdkuf
onf/ NzL0if;aom ezl;Nyifuav;ay:rSm bmqHEG,frS r&Sd/ aNymif
xif;aeonf/ tif; .... 'gvnf; tvSw&m; wckyJeJUwlyg&JU/
]]Nrefrmvdka&m t*Fvdyfvdka&mayhg/ bmNzpfvdkUvJ? t*Fvdyfvdkqdk
&if rzwfcsifbl;vm;}}
auoDu cspfpzG,f ESmacgif;&IHU&if; acgif;,rf;onf/
]]r[kwfygbl;/ t*FvdyfbmomvJ zwfygw,f/ 'gayr,hfNrefrm
vdkzwf&wm ydkaysmfrSmaygh}}
ol auoDhudk paemufcsifpdwfu vSpfceJ ay:vm\/
112
]]tif; ... udk,fholi,fcsif;wpfa,muf cP cPaNymwJhpum;&Sd
w,f/ bm;rd(pf)ar*smorm;awG[mwJh t*Fvdyfpmzwfrvm;? a>rudk
udkifrvm;qkd&if a>rudkifzdkUudkyJ a&G;cs,fMuvdrfhr,fwJh/ auoDvJtJ'D
txJueJUwlw,f}}
]]tdk; ... &Sif uRefrudk 'gxufqkd;&Gm;wJhpum;eJU rESdrfwwfawmh
bl;vm;}}
tHhMop&mygvm;/ auoDhrsufvHk;rsm; cufxefrIuif;pGm &,fNrL;
aeMuonf/
]][ihftif; .... tckxdawmh 'gxufqdk;wJhpum; &SmrawGUao;bl;
pdwfcsyg &SmawGU&if udk,f rif;rcHcsifNzpfvmatmif ESdrfNyekdifygw,f}}
]],Hkygw,f? &Sif[m vlwpfa,mufudk csD;rGrf;zdkUxuf uJh&JUESdrfcs
zdkUudk ydkNyD; tavhtusihf &xm;wJhvlwpfa,mufyJ}}
ol auoDhpum;ukd b,fvdkrS racsywwfawmhoNzihf
ycHk;wGefUNyvdkufavonf/
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113
tcef; av;
auoDonf a,muFsm;wpfa,mufvdkyif pufbD;pD; uRrf;usif

olNzpf\/ rkd;a0uawmh &efukefuJhokdU pufbD;toHk;NyKavhr&SdaomNrdKU
ü BuD;Nyif;cJh&olyDyD pufbD;udkuRrf;usifpGm reif;ekdifacs/rvJNydKatmif
eif;oGm;ekdifaomfvnf; udk,hfteD;odkU wNcm;pufbD;wpfpD;uyfvmvQif
pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIaMumifh vufudkifu tvkdvkd,rf;NyD; ,dkifoGm;wwf \/
auoDuawmh a'gufwmpwkdU(Zf)\ udk,fpm; wm0ef,lum
za&mpwkdU(Zf)udk u,f&D,mcHkay:wGif wifvsuf vufudkifudk Nidrfouf
atmifxdef;vsuf uRrf;usifpGm pD;ekdifonf/ xdkif;Zif;r,fvHkcsnf
uav; udk aNcovHk;xdwdkatmif 0wfxm;aom olronf yJifq,fvf
[D;vf\ a&SUzsm;uav;Nzihf aNceif;uGif;udk axmuf&HkaxmufNyD; ao
oyfpGm eif;ekdifacsonf/
]]udkrkd;a0a& uRefawmfhudkrDatmif eif;ekdif&if rmvfbkd&dk wpfbl;
qkay;r,fAsdKU}}
pnfolu c&D;tpuwnf;u olUudk pdefac:oGm;\/ odkUaomf
rdk;a0ESihf rmvfbkd&dk awmfawmfa0;rSef; bD;av;ig;NyefvSdrfhtNyD;wGif
aocsmoGm;onf/olwkdUarmifeSrukd b,fawmhrSrDekdifawmhrnfr[kwf/
a'gufwmESpfa,mufu &Snfvsm;aom t&yfrsm;Nzihf tenf;i,f
udk,fudkukef;um udk;&dk;um;,m; pufbD;pD;Muonf/ aemufqHk;usefcJh
olu rkd;a0Nzpf\/ uwÅ&mvrf;ay:rSm bmrSNyóem r&Sdaomfvnf;
oD&dypö,mvrf;udk ausmfNyD;onhftcg eif;&aom aNrBuD;u tcuft
cJNzpfvmonf/ rkd;&GmNyD;aomtcg oJa&maom aNrBuD;rSm pufbD;eif;
114
&ef tvGefcufcJaeaomaMumihf olUpufbD;xJrSm epfepf0ifum ,dkif
wd,kdifxdk; Nzpfaeonf/
]]udkrdk;a0 b,fheS,fvJ vrf;nTefr,fhvlu aemufa&mufae&wm
wkef;/ NrefNref eif;ygh&Sif}}
auoDu rxdwxd vrf;&efpwwfao;\/ wpfcgwpf&H rdk;a0
udk paemufcsif[efNzihf rkd;a0rDvmatmif pufbD;udk t&SdefavQmh
íeif;um rkd;a0ab;odkU wtm;BuD;uyfuyfvmwwfao;onf/
]]a[h a[h ...udk,hftem;udk ruyfeJUaemf/ cyfuGmuGmuae eif;}}
aNym&if; aNym&if; rdk;a0\ pufbD;vufukdifrSm b,fbufodkUqGJ
um auoDhudk 0ifwkdufawmhrvdk NzpfoGm;onf/ auoDu uRrf;usif
pGm vufudkifudk xdef;a&Smifvsuf auGUoGm;aomaMumihf olwkdUcsif;
rwdkufrdacs/ tJonfvdk tuGufrsdK; av;ig;BudrfNzpfvmaomtcg
auoDh pufbD;udk xdwfvefUvmNyD; ol owdxm;í a&Smifae&awmh
onf/ olUvufudkif wpfcg vnfxGufoGm;wkdif; za&mpwdkU(Zf)u
wpfcsuf&,fvdkufwkdif; rkd;a0rSm olwkdUrdef;rESpfa,muf\ [movl
&Tifawmf NzpfrSef;rod Nzpfvmavonf/
cyfa0;a0;rSm r*FvmapwDudk vSrf;Nrif&csdefwGif rkd;a0u olUa&SU
rS a'gufwmESpfa,mufudk cyfus,fus,f atmfaNymvkduf&ao;onf/
]]cifAsm;wkdU&JU nmbufudk aus;Zl;NyKNyD;Munhfvdkuf/ tJ'DapwD
[m yk*Hrif;quf&JU aemufqHk;apwDyJ? e&oD[yawhrif;&JU aumif;rI
apwDygyJ}}
a'gufwm a0h(Zf)u rkd;a0 rDvmatmif apmihfeif;NyD; olodcsif
onfrsm;udk ar;Nref;awmhonf/
]]'g w&kwfawGvufuae xGufaNy;&wJh bk&if r[kwfvm;}}
]]aocsmygw,f}}
]]olUom;u olUudk tqdyfeJUowfw,fqkdwma&m rSefovm;}}
115
ol a'gufwma0h(Zf)udk wtHhwMoMunhfNyD; acgif;ndwfNyvdkuf
onf/ awmfawmf avhvmxm;yHkyJ/
]][kwfuJh/ 'gaMumifh olU&JUaocgeD;tdyf&may:rSm qkawmif;oGm;
cJhygw,f/ ol edAÁmefr&rD oHo&mrSm usifvnforQ b0tm;vHk;rSm
om;a,muFsm;av;aemufxyf rarG;yg&apeJUqdkwJh pum;yg}}
xkdUaemuf þ r*FvmapwD\ Adokumynmonf Nrefrmbk&m;
rsm;\ AdokumynmtxGwftxdyf a&mufNcif;wdkU ukd,fpm;NyKaMumif;
wpfvufpwnf; &Sif;Nyvdkufonf/
]]odyfpepfuswJh apwDyHkpHyg}} ol\ tqkdNyKcsufudk a'gufwma0h
(Zf)u vcsufcsif; raxmufcHbJ aemufNyefvSnhfMunhf&if; tuJcwf
aeao;onf/ awmfawmfMumrS ]]a&Tpnf;cHkbk&m;&JU Adokumwnf
aqmufyHkeJU qifwlw,f/ igaNymwm rSef&JUvm;}} [kar;onf/
]][kwfuJh}}
tif; ... 'DvlawGudk {nhfvrf;nTef vkyf&wm odyfawmh racsmif
bl;[k awG;rdonf/
rkd; pdkpGwfaom oJacsmif; ao;ao;uav;rsm;ukd Nzwfvdkuf?
ausmufp&pfaNrrsm;udk NzwfvdkufNzihf olwkdUtzGJU NrapwDbk&m;eSihf *l
aNymufBuD;bk&m; teD;odkUa&mufvmonf/
]]a[m[dkbufu tNzLa&mifu NrapwDbk&m;Nzpfygw,f/cifAsm;
wkdUodNyD;NzpfwJh &mZukrm&f ausmufpmudk tJ'DNrapwDbk&m;teD;rSm
wl;azmf awGU&Sdwm Nzpfw,f/ 'Dbufu *lbk&m;uawmh &mZukrm&f
ausmufpm&JU ydkif&SiftppfNzpfygw,f/ olU&JUemrnfu *laNymufBuD;wJh
uRefawmfwkdU tJ'Dudk oGm;Mur,f}}
]]&mZukrm&f usefppfom;&JU om; [kwfovm;}}
]][kwfuJh}}
116
auoDu rkd;a0uJhokdU pufbD;ay:rS rqif;ao;bJ cyfNznf;Nznf;
auGUywfeif;ae&if; za&mpwkdU(Zf)udk rkd;a0 nTefNy&mokdU vufwpf
bufNzihf nTefNyaewm Nrif&onf/
]]NrefrmbmomeJU a&;xkd;wJh tapmqHk; ausmufpmawGxJrSm
wpfck tygt0ifyJ}}[laom t*Fvdyfpum; wpfpGef;wpfpudkvnf;
Mum;vdkuf&\/ tif; ... b,fqkd;vdkUvJ? auoDawmif enf;enf;
wkd;wufvmNyD/ 'Dtwkdif;qkd&if igheSpf&mxJu olUawmif cGJay;& r,hf
yHkyJ/ awG;&if; olNyHK;vkduf\/
olUtNyHK;ukd auoDu NrifNzpfatmif Nrifvdkufonf/ olrrsufESm
&JceJ NzpfoGm;um pufbD;ay:rS ckefqif;vdkufavonf/
]]bmvJ bmvJ uRefraNymwJh bmompum; odyfnHhaevdkUvm;}}
]][m ... r[kwfygbl; auoD? odyftqifaNyygw,f/ udk,fNyHK;
wmu wNcm;yg}}
olwdkUtm;vHk; pufbD;udkwGef;&if; a&SUqufavQmufvmMu\/
auoDu rkd;a0 pufbD;tem;odkU uyfvmonf/
]]bmudk NyHK;wmvJ aNym/ raNym&if pufbD;pD;wJhtcg wkdufypfrSm
odvm;? ,Hk&JUvm;}}
]]tm; ,Hkw,f ,Hkw,f/ aNymr,f}}
acR;pdkUaeaom auohD ezl;Nyif0if;0if;uav;ukd ol trSwfrxif
MunhfrdNyef\/ xkdUaemuf &ifxJrSm wkef&ifvIyf&Sm;um oufNyif;wpf
csufcsNyD;rS aNzvdkufonf/
]]'Dvdkyg udk,fwpfck awG;rvdkY?rif;apmapmu za&m pwkdU(Zf)udk
&Sif;Nyaewm r[kwfvm;/ 'Dawmh tif; ... ig&r,fh ESpf&mxJuae
auoDhudkawmif cGJay;zdkU aumif;aeNyDvkdU awG;rdvdkUyg}}
auoDu xlxJaom rsufcHk;av;sm;udk yifhwifum ....
]]tif; 'Dvdkqkdawmh uRefr[m tqpf(pf)wJihfeJU *dkuf('f)avmuf
117
awmh Nzpfedkifw,fvdkU &Sif qkdcsifwmayhg [kwfvm;}}
]]tJ'D oabmygyJ}}
auoDu rsufapmif;vJhvJhuav;Nzihf olUudkMunhfvdkufaomtcg
olUvufzsm;awG at;pufoGm;\/ pufbD;vufukdifudk wif;usyfae
atmif qkyfudkifxm;vkdufonf/
'Drdef;raemufwpfBudrf rsufapmif;xkd;&ifawmh ig'ku©a&muf
awmhrSmyJ? rdef;rawG[m olwkdU rsufvHk;udk bmNzpfvdkU trsdK;rsdK;toHk;
cswwfMuygvdrfh/ ol cyfaMumifaMumif awG;rdNyefonf/
za&mpwkdU(Zf)u avwkdufoNzihf vGihfvGihfoGm;aom olUpuwf
udk cJ&mcJqpf xdef;vsuf rsufeSmeDNref;um wkd;wkd; a&&Gwfae\/
auoDu olr\ *smrefpum;udk em;rvnfvdkufaomaMumihf
olUbufvSnhfum wkd;wdk;ar;avonf/
]]rpöpfpwdkU(Zf)u bmaNymvkdufwmvJ[if}}
]]rif; awmfawmfpyfpkwmyJ}}
ol\ cyfwnfwnf tNypfwifpum;udk auoD rNzHKyg/
]]&Sif bmom NyefNyprf;yg olUpum;udk}}
]]udk,hftvkyfxJrSm tJ'Dwm0ef ygovm;[if}}
]]ygw,f}}
ol oabmuspGm NyHK;vdkufrdawmhonf/ cvkwfwdkufrdrvdk Nzpf
oGm;aom za&mpwkdU(Zf)tm; ]]'DbufuavQmufyg? 'DaNrBuD;unDnm
w,f}} [k vSrf;aNymvdkufNyD;rS ....
]]olaNymwmu awmfawmf qkd;&Gm;wJh avyJwJh/ aemuf&ufus&if
ol abmif;bD&SnfyJ 0wf&awmhr,fwJh/ uJ ... rif; auseyfNyDvm;}}
]]tkd ....}}
auoDonf yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf cGufxkd;cGufvef &,farmav
onf/
118
]]a&S;a[mif; okawoeXmeuae bk&m;aomhawG iSm;ay;wJhrif;
&JU aus;Zl;udkqyfwJhtaeeJU tMuHOmPfwpfck ay;csifw,f}}
]]bm tMuHOmPfvJ}}
]]odyf rpyfpkeJU}}
auoD\ NyHK;&,faeaom rsufeSmrSm wnfoGm;avonf/
olu wHwkdif; tedrfhay:xkdifvsuf zdeyfa&m aNctdwfa&mcRwf
vdkufawmh a'gufwmeSpfa,mufvnf; zdeyfcRwfMu\/ olonf*smref
oHk;a,muf\a&SUrS OD;aqmifí tkwfwHwkdif; tedrfhuav;\0ifayguf
tkwfxpfuav;rsm;udk ausmf0ifvdkufonf/
]]vlBuD;rif;rsm; cifAsm;? ta&SUwkdif;yef;csDeJU taemufwkdif;yef;csD
[m ykHoP²eftm;Nzihfvnf;aumif;? qGJaqmifrItm;Nzihf vnf;aumif;
&nf&G,fcsuftm;Nzihf vnf;aumif; uGmNcm;ygw,f}}
bk&m;udk aomhcwfxm;rnf[k arQmfvihfcJhaomfvnf; bk&m;t
wGif;&Sd eH&Haq;a&; yef;csDxdef;odrf;a&;tzGJUrSm tvkyfNyD;Muao;[ef
rwlyg/ oHwHcg;vnf;yGihfvsuf 0efxrf;rsm; tvkyform;rsm;\toH
wdkUukd Mum;ae&onf/
]]taemufwkdif;yef;csD[m tvif;tarSmifeJU ta&mifawGudkpyfNyD;
yHkyef;oP²mefwpfckuae wpfck aNyavsmpGm ul;aNymif;apygw,f/
ta&SUwkdi;f yef;csDuawmh wpfaMumif;qGJ rsOf;awGeJU wdwdususcGJNcm;
a&;qGJavh &Sdygw,f}}
tenf;i,farSmifaom *lbk&m;xJodkU 0ifvkdufaomtcg vif;EdkU
acs;eHUNzihf eHapmfvsuf&Sdaomfvnf; EkdifiHNcm;om;rsm;onf pdwf0ifpm;
rIaMumifh wuf<uvsuf&Sd\/
*Eük#DwdkufwGif;rS bk&m;&kyfwkawmfrSm ysufpD;,dk,Gif;vsuf
NyefvnfNyKNyif&ef Nirf;qifxm;NyD;Nzpfonf/
]]uRefawmfwkdU Nrefrmyef;csDrSm ta&;tBuD;qHk;? ryg&ifrNzpfwJh
119
ynmuawmh uekwfyef; Nzpfygw,f}}
rkd;a0onf olUtdwfxJrS ig;awmifhxkd; vufESdyf"mwfrD;udk xkwf
,lvdkuf\/ xkdtcg a'gufwm pwdkU(Zf)uvn;f olUausmydk;tdwfxJrS
"mwfrD;wpfck xkwfvdkufonf/ xdkUaemuf auoDESihf pnfolu olwkdU
av;a,mufu a&SUu vuf,m&pfywfí MunhfMuonf/
]]vGefcJhwJh ESpfaygif; 900 eD;yg;wkef;u tekynmawG raysmuf
ysufatmif xdef;odrf;zdkU BudK;pm;aeygw,f}}
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MumcJhNyD; rdIif;wufum rnf;arSmifaeNyDNzpfonf/ yef;csDxdef;odrf;a&;
tzGJUu rdIif;rsm;udk zsufay;NyD;om;Nzpfaom aq;a&mifopfvGif vSy
vsuf&Sdaom eH&HwpfavQmuf olwkdU aphaph pyfpyf Munhf&IMuonf/
]]yk*HacwfrSm 'Daq;a&mifawGukd b,fvdk &vmMuovJ}}
za&mpwkdU(Zf)u pyfpkonf/
]]teDa&mifudk aNreD 'grSr[kwf [oFmNy'g;uae &ygw,f/
tNzLa&mifudk aNrNzLuae? teufa&mifudk a&eHacs;rdIif;uae? t0gudk
aNr0grIefUuae &w,fvdkU od&ygw,f/ tNyma&mifudk rJe,fuae?
tpdrf;a&mifudk 'kwÅmpdrf;uae azmfpyfygw,f}}
aq;a&mifpkd<uvsuf awmufyaeaom yef;csDuGufwpfuGufudk
ol nTefNyvdkuf\/
]]bk&if b,f[mvJ}} a'gufwmf pwkdU(Zf)u rkd;a0udk ar;\/
olvufNzihf rxdatmif axmufNyvdkufonf/
]]bk&ifudk olwkdUa&;qGJwJhtcg 0wf&Hkt&Snfukd a&;qGJavh&Sdyg
w,f/ rukd#fygcsif ygr,f/ wpfcgwavvJ qHxkH;oufoufeJU a&;
wwfw,f/ 0wfpHk 'DZdkif;awGuawmh trsdK;rsdK;ygyJ}}
]]wdkU"mwfyHk&dkuf,lvdkU &rvm;}}
za&mpwkdU(Zf)u cGifhawmif;ovkd ar;\/
120
]][kwfuJh? wwfEdkiforQawmh r&dkufoihfbl;vkdU xifygw,f/
tm;Nyif;wJh tvif;a&mifaMumihf eH&Haq;a&;yef;csDawG arS;rSdefwm csdKU
,Gif;wmawG Nzpfvmekdifygw,f/ 'gayr,hf wpfBudrfqkd&ifawmh cGihf
NyKEdkifr,fvkdU xifwmyJ}}
ol 0efxrf;rsm;&Sd&modkU oGm;í cGihfawmif;ay;vdkufonf/
]]bmaq;awGeJU rdIif;udk zsufaeMuovJ}}
za&mpwdkU(Zf)u ar;onf/ ol ycHk;wGefUvdkufNyD; 0efxrf;wpf
a,mufudk ar;ay;vdkuf&onf/ xkdvlu oabmaumif;pGm olwkdUem;
txd avQmufvmNyD; aoaocsmcsm &Sif;Nyay;avonf/ olu eH&Ht
wGif;xJ&Sd vdIufpm;aeaom ydk;rsm;ukdowf&ef? vdkPfoH tufoHay:ae
aom eH&HtwGif;odkU yvwfpwm aq;xdk;enf;Nzifh xdk;oGif;NyD; ydk;
owfay;&aMumif;yg &Sif;Nyay;oGm;\/
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uGufcsif; NynhfusyfpGm twef;vdkuf a&;qGJxm;aom eH&HwpfavQmuf
olwkdU tBumBuD; Munhf&Iar;Nref;avawmhonf/
emrnfBuD; aq;a&;yef;csDuGuf wpfckNzpfaom NrwfpGmbk&m;
wm0wd HomrS ouFóe*dk&fNynfodkU oufqif;[efudk olNyay;vdkuf
\/ bk&m;&kyfwk\ aemufausmbufu eH&H tNyifpBuF HbufwGifa&;
qGJxm;aom yef;csDNzpfonf/
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130
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131
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132
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133
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134
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135
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136
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137
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138
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139
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256
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258
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259
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260
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261
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262
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264
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265
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266
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267
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tcg pm;yGJem;rSm rwfwwf&yfvsuf olr &Sd&modkU vSnhfMunhfaeaom
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268
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269
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270
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271
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272
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273
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LMA) ဂျူး မြစ်တို့၏မာယာ

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LMA) ဂျူး မြစ်တို့၏မာယာ

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