REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

According to Toyohide Watanabe [2021 15th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information

Management and Communication (IMCOM), 1-8, 2021] , in the school education, it is not sure that all
lectures can be performed by the online course without any problems. The environmental
improvement, the lecture preparation, etc. are not only barriers, but also the ages and levels of pupils,
the kinds of schools, the subjects and contents of lectures, etc. are not always unified in the curriculum
criterion: this fact indicates that the same procedure, the same framework and so on cannot be
applicable uniformly.

Discussion is an effective way of improving teaching quality. Face-to-face discussion and online
discussion have their own advantages and disadvantages respectively, but they both face the challenge
that how to enhance students’ participation. (Lixin Zhao, Xiaoxia Shen, Wu-Yuin Hwang, Timothy K Shih)
Online students face a trade-off between working more hours and participating in online classes.

Online learners participate in various educational activities including reading, writing, watching video
tutorials, online exams, and online meetings. (M Ali Akber Dewan, Mahbub Murshed, Fuhua Lin) [Smart
Learning Environments 6 (1), 1-20, 2019] The face-to-face university classes were abruptly transferred to
virtual environments during the pandemic of COVID-19, which generated changes in teaching routine
and environmental impacts associated with them. It is according to Diogo A Lopes Silva, Gabriela Giusti,
Izabela S Rampasso, Antonio Carlos Farrapo Junior, Manoela Anechini Simões Marins and Rosley
Anholon.

For first-time course takers, virtual course taking is associated with decreases in the likelihood of taking
and passing follow-on courses and in graduation readiness.(Cassandra MD Hart, Dan Berger, Brian Jacob,
Susanna Loeb, Michael Hill) Class size is a first-order consideration in the study of education cost and
effectiveness. Yet little is known about the effects of class size on student outcomes in online college
classes, even though online courses have become commonplace in many institutions of higher
education. Online discussion will cause less communication apprehension and more participation
willingness and outspoken willingness. In the private education of preparing for university entrance, the
public official examinations and certification acquisition, the method of online education has been
shown to have positive effects.(Sunha Park) Şeyma Çağlar Özhan and Selay Arkün Kocadere stated that
the experience of flow and emotional engagement in the gamified learning setting had a highly
significant impact on motivation. Furthermore, it was concluded that flow increased academic success
through increasing motivation.