Problem Session-3

1-2 Isentropic compression
2-3 Constant-pressure heat rejection

in the compressor
in the condenser
𝑚𝐵𝐸: 𝑚1 = 𝑚2 = 𝑚𝑟 𝑚𝐵𝐸: 𝑚2 = 𝑚3 = 𝑚𝑟
𝐸𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 ℎ1 + 𝑊𝐶 = 𝑚𝑟 ℎ2 𝐸𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 ℎ2 = 𝑚𝑟 ℎ3 + 𝑄𝐶𝑜 (𝑜𝑟 𝑄𝐻 )
ℎ1 + 𝑤𝐶 = ℎ2 ℎ2 = ℎ3 + 𝑞𝐶𝑜
𝑄
𝐸𝑛𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 𝑠1 + 𝑆𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑚𝑟 𝑠2 𝐸𝑛𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 𝑠2 + 𝑆𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑚𝑟 𝑠3 + 𝐶𝑜
𝑇𝐶𝑜
𝑠1 + 𝑠𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑠2 𝑞𝐶𝑜
𝑠2 +𝑠𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑠3 +
𝑇𝐶𝑜
𝐸𝑥𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 𝑒𝑥1 + 𝑊𝑐 = 𝑚𝑟 𝑒𝑥2 + 𝐸𝑥𝐷
𝐸𝑥𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 𝑒𝑥2 = 𝑚𝑟 𝑒𝑥3 + 𝐸𝑥 𝑄𝐶𝑜 + 𝐸𝑥𝐷
𝑒𝑥1 + 𝑤𝐶 = 𝑒𝑥2 + 𝑒𝑥𝐷
𝑒𝑥2 = 𝑒𝑥3 + 𝑒𝑥 𝑄𝐶𝑜 + 𝑒𝑥𝐷
3-4 Throttling in the

expansion valve 4-1 Constant-pressure heat absorption
in the evaporator
𝑚𝐵𝐸: 𝑚3 = 𝑚4 = 𝑚𝑟
𝐸𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 ℎ3 = 𝑚𝑟 ℎ4 𝑚𝐵𝐸: 𝑚4 = 𝑚1
ℎ3 = ℎ4 𝐸𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 ℎ4 + 𝑄𝐸 = 𝑚𝑟 ℎ1 (𝑜𝑟 + 𝑄𝐿 )
𝐸𝑛𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 𝑠3 + 𝑆𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑚𝑟 𝑠4 ℎ4 + 𝑞𝐸 = ℎ1
𝑠3 + 𝑠𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑠4 𝐸𝑛𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 𝑠4 +
𝑄𝐸
+ 𝑆𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑚𝑟 𝑠1
𝑇𝐸
𝐸𝑥𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 𝑒𝑥3 = 𝑚𝑟 𝑒𝑥4 + 𝐸𝑥𝐷 𝑞
𝑒𝑥3 = 𝑒𝑥4 + 𝑒𝑥𝐷 𝑠4 + 𝐸 + 𝑠𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑠1
𝑇𝐸
𝐸𝑥𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 𝑒𝑥4 + 𝐸𝑥 𝑄𝐸 = 𝑚𝑟 𝑒𝑥1 + 𝐸𝑥𝐷
𝑒𝑥4 + 𝑒𝑥 𝑄𝐸 = 𝑒𝑥1 + 𝑒𝑥𝐷
Refrigerator Heat Pump
𝑞𝐸 𝑄𝐸 𝑞𝐶𝑜 𝑄𝐶𝑜
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑡ℎ = = 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑡ℎ = =
𝑤𝐶 𝑊𝐶 𝑤𝐶 𝑊𝐶
𝑒𝑥 𝑄𝐸 𝐸𝑥 𝑄𝐸 𝑒𝑥 𝑄𝐶𝑜 𝐸𝑥 𝑄𝐶𝑜
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑒𝑥 = = 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑒𝑥 = =
𝑤𝐶 𝑊𝐶 𝑤𝐶 𝑊𝐶
𝑇0
𝐸𝑥 𝑄𝐸 = − 1 𝑄𝐸
𝑇𝐸
𝑇0
𝐸𝑥 𝑄𝐶𝑜 = 1− 𝑄
𝑇𝐶𝑜 𝐶𝑜
Schematic and T-s diagram for the ideal

vapor-compression refrigeration cycle.
Problem 1
Refrigerant-134a enters the compressor of a refrigerator as superheated vapor at 0.20

MPa and -5°C at a rate of 0.07 kg/s, and it leaves at 1.2 MPa and 70°C. The refrigerant
is cooled in the condenser to 44°C and 1.15 MPa, and it is throttled to 0.21 MPa.
Neglect any heat transfer and pressure drops in the connecting lines between the
components,
𝑇0 = 300 𝐾; 𝑇𝐿 = 273 𝐾;
ℎ@ 𝑃=0.2 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇=−5°𝐶 = 248.82 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑠@ 𝑃=0.2 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇=−5°𝐶 = 0.95414 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾
ℎ@ 𝑃=1.2 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇=70°𝐶 = 300.63 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
ℎ@ 𝑃=1.2 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠=0.95414𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾 = 287.23 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
ℎ@ 𝑃=1.15 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇=44°𝐶 = 114.3 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
a) Write all mass, energy, entropy and exergy balance equations for each device.
b) Find the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and the work input to the
compressor.
c) Find the energetic COP and exergetic COP of the refrigerator.
Problem 1
Soğutucu akışkan-134a soğutucunun kompresörüne 0,20 MPa basınç ve -5°C sıcaklıkta

0,07 kg/s debiyle kızgın buhar olarak girmekte; 1,2 MPa basınç ve 70°C sıcaklıkta
çıkmaktadır. Soğutucu akışkan yoğuşturucuda 44°C sıcaklık ve 1,15 MPa basınca
soğutulmakta ve daha sonra 0,21 MPa basınca kısılmaktadır. Bileşenler arası bağlantı
borularında olan ısı aktarımını ve basınç düşmelerini ihmal ederek,
𝑇0 = 300 𝐾; 𝑇𝐿 = 273 𝐾;
ℎ@ 𝑃=0,2 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑣𝑒 𝑇=−5°𝐶 = 248,82 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑠@ 𝑃=0,2 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑣𝑒 𝑇=−5°𝐶 = 0,95414 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾
ℎ@ 𝑃=1,2 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑣𝑒 𝑇=70°𝐶 = 300,63 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
ℎ@ 𝑃=1,2 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑣𝑒 𝑠=0,95414𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾 = 287,23 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
ℎ@ 𝑃=1,15 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑣𝑒 𝑇=44°𝐶 = 114,3 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
a) Tüm kütle, enerji, entropi ve ekserji denge denklemlerini her bir bileşen için yazınız.
b) Soğutulan ortamdan çekilen ısıyı ve kompresör için gerekli iş gücünü bulunuz.
c) Enerjetik ve ekserjetik COP değerlerini hesaplayınız.
1-2 Isentropic compression in the compressor 2-3 Constant-pressure heat rejection in the condenser
ℎ1 + 𝑤𝐶 = ℎ2 ℎ2 = ℎ3 + 𝑞𝐶𝑜
𝑄𝐶𝑜
𝐸𝑛𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 𝑠1 + 𝑆𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑚𝑟 𝑠2 𝐸𝑛𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 𝑠2 + 𝑆𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑚𝑟 𝑠3 +
𝑇𝐶𝑜
𝑇𝐶𝑜
3-4 Throttling in the expansion valve 4-1 Constant-pressure heat absorption in the evaporator
𝐸𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 ℎ3 = 𝑚𝑟 ℎ4 𝐸𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 ℎ4 + 𝑄𝐸 = 𝑚𝑟 ℎ1 (𝑜𝑟 + 𝑄𝐿 )
ℎ3 = ℎ4 ℎ4 + 𝑞𝐸 = ℎ1
𝐸𝑛𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 𝑠3 + 𝑆𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑚𝑟 𝑠4 𝐸𝑛𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 𝑠4 +
𝑄𝐸
𝑇𝐸
𝑠3 + 𝑠𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑠4 𝑞
𝑠4 + 𝐸 + 𝑠𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑠1
𝐸𝑥𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 𝑒𝑥3 = 𝑚𝑟 𝑒𝑥4 + 𝐸𝑥𝐷 𝑇𝐸
𝑒𝑥3 = 𝑒𝑥4 + 𝑒𝑥𝐷 𝐸𝑥𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 𝑒𝑥4 + 𝐸𝑥 𝑄𝐸 = 𝑚𝑟 𝑒𝑥1 + 𝐸𝑥𝐷
Problem 1 – Solution
A refrigerator with refrigerant-134a as the working fluid is considered. The rate of
heat removal from the refrigerated space, the power input to the compressor, the
isentropic efficiency of the compressor, and the COP of the refrigerator are to be
determined.
Assumptions
- Steady operating conditions exist.
- Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible.
Analysis (a) From the refrigerant tables (Tables A-12 and A-13),
Then the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and the power input to the
compressor are determined from balance equations
𝑒𝑥 𝑄𝐸 𝐸𝑥 𝑄𝐸𝑣 𝑇0 300
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑒𝑥 = = 𝐸𝑥 𝑄𝐸𝑣 = − 1 𝑄𝐸𝑣 = − 1 × 9.416 = 0.93 𝑘𝑊
𝑤𝐶 𝑊𝐶 𝑇𝐸 273
0.93 𝑘𝑊
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑒𝑥 = 3.627 𝑘𝑊 = 0.26
Problem 2
Refrigerant-134a enters the condenser of a residential heat pump at 800 kPa and
55°C at a rate of 0.018 kg/s and leaves at 750 kPa subcooled by 3°C. The refrigerant
enters the compressor at 200 kPa superheated by 4°C. (𝑇𝐻 =313 K)
a) Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines,

b) write all mass, energy, entropy and exergy balance equations and determine,
c) the isentropic efficiency of the compressor,
d) the rate of heat supplied to the heated room,
e) the COP of the heat pump.
f) Also, determine the COP and the rate of heat
supplied to the heated room if this heat pump
operated on the ideal vapor compression cycle
between the pressure limits of 200 and 800 kPa.
Problem 2
Bir ev tipi ısı pompasının yoğuşturucusuna soğutucu akışkan R-134a, 800 kPa
basınç, 55 oC sıcaklıkta, 0.018 kg/s debi ile girmekte ve 3 oC aşırı soğutulmuş olarak
750 kPa’da çıkmaktadır. Soğutucu akışkan kompresöre 200 kPa’da 4 oC kızdırılmış
olarak girmektedir. (𝑇𝐻 =313 K)
a) Çevrimi doymuş sıvı ve doymuş buhar eğrilerinin de yer aldığı T-s diyagramında
gösteriniz.
b) Gerekli tüm kütle, enerji, entropi ve ekserji
denge eşitliklerini yazarak,
c) Kompresörün izantropik verimini,
d) Isıtılan odaya beslenen ısı miktarını,
e) Isı pompasının COP değerini,
f) Eğer ısı pompası ideal buhar sıkıştırmalı
çevrimde 200 kPa ile 800 kPa basınçları
arasında çalışsa idi, COP değerini ve ısıtılan
odaya beslenen ısı miktarını hesaplayınız.
An actual heat pump cycle with R-134a as the refrigerant is considered. The
isentropic efficiency of the compressor, the rate of heat supplied to the heated room,
the COP of the heat pump, and the COP and the rate of heat supplied to the heated
room if this heat pump operated on the ideal vapor-compression cycle between the
same pressure limits are to be determined.
Assumptions
- Kinetic and potential energy
changes are negligible.
ℎ1 + 𝑤𝐶 = ℎ2 ℎ2 = ℎ3 + 𝑞𝐶𝑜
𝑄𝐶𝑜
𝑇𝐶𝑜
𝑇𝐶𝑜
𝐸𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 ℎ3 = 𝑚𝑟 ℎ4 𝐸𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 ℎ4 + 𝑄𝐸 = 𝑚𝑟 ℎ1 (𝑜𝑟 + 𝑄𝐿 )
ℎ3 = ℎ4 ℎ4 + 𝑞𝐸 = ℎ1
𝑄𝐸
𝑇𝐸
𝑠4 + 𝐸 + 𝑠𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑠1
Analysis (a) The properties of refrigerant-134a are (Tables A-11 through A-13)
c) The isentropic efficiency

of the compressor;
d) The rate of heat supplied to the room
e) the COP of the heat pump;
𝑞𝐶𝑜 𝑄𝐶𝑜
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑒𝑛 = = 𝑊𝐶 =?
𝑤𝐶 𝑊𝐶
The power input;
𝑇0 300
0.15 𝐸𝑥 𝑄𝐻 = 1 − 𝑄𝐻 = 1 − × 3.67
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑒𝑥 = = 0.193 𝑇𝐻 313
0.79
= 0.15 𝑘𝑊
f) if this heat pump operated on the ideal vapor compression cycle between
the pressure limits of 200 and 800 kPa;
𝑒𝑥 𝑄𝐶𝑜 𝐸𝑥 𝑄𝐶𝑜
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑒𝑥 = = 𝐸𝑥 𝑄𝐶𝑜 =?
𝑤𝐶 𝑊𝐶
𝑇0
𝐸𝑥 𝑄𝐶𝑜 = 1− 𝑄
𝑇𝐶𝑜 𝐶𝑜
Problem 3
A heat pump using refrigerant-134a heats a house by using underground water. The
house is losing heat at a rate of 60,000 kJ/h. The refrigerant enters the compressor at
280 kPa and 0oC, and it leaves at 1 MPa and 60oC. The refrigerant exits the
condenser at 30oC.
a) Write mass, energy, entropy and exergy balance equations for all four devices.
b) Calculate mass flow rate of refrigerant, compressor work rate and evaporator heat
rate.
c) The increase in electric power input if an electric resistance heater is used instead
of a heat pump
d) Calculate exergy destructions for condenser. Take To = 25°C.
e) Calculate both energetic and exergetic COPs.
f) Draw T-s diagram for the cycle.
ℎ1 + 𝑤𝐶 = ℎ2 ℎ2 = ℎ3 + 𝑞𝐶𝑜
𝑄𝐶𝑜
𝑇𝐶𝑜
𝑇𝐶𝑜
𝑚𝐵𝐸: 𝑚3 = 𝑚4 𝑚𝐵𝐸: 𝑚4 = 𝑚1 = 𝑚𝑟
𝐸𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 ℎ3 = 𝑚𝑟 ℎ4 𝐸𝐵𝐸: 𝑚𝑟 ℎ4 + 𝑄𝐸 = 𝑚𝑟 ℎ1 (𝑜𝑟 𝑄𝐿 )
ℎ3 = ℎ4 ℎ4 + 𝑞𝐸 = ℎ1
𝑄𝐸
𝑇𝐸
𝑠4 + 𝐸 + 𝑠𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑠1
A heat pump with refrigerant-134a as the working fluid heats a house by using
underground water as the heat source. The power input to the heat pump, the rate of
heat absorption from the water, and the increase in electric power input if an electric
resistance heater is used instead of a heat pump are to be determined.
Assumptions
- Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible.
Analysis From the refrigerant tables (Tables A-12 and A-13),

b) The mass flow rate of the refrigerant is
b) Then the power input to the compressor becomes
b) The rate of heat absorption from the water is
b) The electrical power required without the heat pump is

e) the COP of the heat pump;
𝑄𝐶𝑜 16.67
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑡ℎ = = = 4.696
𝑊𝐶 3.55
𝑒𝑥 𝑄𝐶𝑜 𝐸𝑥 𝑄𝐶𝑜
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑒𝑥 = = 𝐸𝑥 𝑄𝐶𝑜 =?
𝑤𝐶 𝑊𝐶
𝑇0 298
𝐸𝑥 𝑄𝐶𝑜 = 1 − 𝑄𝐶𝑜 = 1 − × 16.67 = 0.275
𝑇𝐶𝑜 303
0.275
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑒𝑥 = = 0.348
0.79
Exergy Destruction in the Condenser
𝑚𝑟 𝑒𝑥2 = 𝑚𝑟 𝑒𝑥3 + 𝐸𝑥 𝑄𝐶𝑜 + 𝐸𝑥𝐷
𝑒𝑥2 − 𝑒𝑥3 = ℎ2 − ℎ3 − 𝑇0 𝑠2 − 𝑠3
= 293.38 − 93.58 − 298 × 0.9850 − 0.34788 = 9.938 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝐸𝑥𝐷 = 0.08341 × 9.938 − 0.275 = 0.554 𝑘𝑊

Problem Session-3

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Problem Session-3

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1-2 Isentropic compression

2-3 Constant-pressure heat rejection

3-4 Throttling in the

Schematic and T-s diagram for the ideal

Refrigerant-134a enters the compressor of a refrigerator as superheated vapor at 0.20

Soğutucu akışkan-134a soğutucunun kompresörüne 0,20 MPa basınç ve -5°C sıcaklıkta

a) Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines,

c) The isentropic efficiency

The power input;

Analysis From the refrigerant tables (Tables A-12 and A-13),

b) Then the power input to the compressor becomes

b) The rate of heat absorption from the water is

b) The electrical power required without the heat pump is

Exergy Destruction in the Condenser

𝑚𝑟 𝑒𝑥2 = 𝑚𝑟 𝑒𝑥3 + 𝐸𝑥 𝑄𝐶𝑜 + 𝐸𝑥𝐷

𝐸𝑥𝐷 = 0.08341 × 9.938 − 0.275 = 0.554 𝑘𝑊

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