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汉语基础101

By Valencia
目录 Table of Contents
基础语法
A How to form a simple sentence, yes or no questions, 5W+1H questions

最常见汉语偏旁部首
B Most commonly used Chinese Radicals: 扌、氵、艹、口、女 等等

如何表达数据
C How to express numbers in telephone number, bus number, money, etc.
基础语法
D

How to form a simple sentence, yes or no questions, 5W+1H questions


D
简单句子
Simple Sentences

Subject + Verb + Object


English
He eats a bowl of noodle.

Subject + Verb + Object


中文 他 吃了 一碗面。
我 照顾 爷爷。
简单句子
Adding time phrase

Subject + Verb + Object + Time Phrase


English
He ate a bowl of noodle yesterday.

Subject + Time Phrase + Verb + Object


中文 他昨天吃了一碗面。
我每天照顾爷爷。
简单句子
Adding time phrase and place

Subject + Verb + Object + Time Phrase + Place


English
He ate a bowl of noodle yesterday at a restaurant.

Subject + Time Phrase + Place + Verb + Object

中文 他昨天在餐厅里面吃了一碗面。
我每天在家照顾爷爷。
儿子去年在中国看病。
简单句子
Negative form sentence

没(有) 不
过去式 Past tense 现在式 Present tense

我没买衣服。 我不喜欢运动。
学生没写作业。 他不想参加比赛。
姐姐上周没有去上学。 我的眼睛现在已经不红了。
他昨天晚上没睡好觉。 他现在还不能打篮球。
疑问句
Asking Yes or No Questions


Asking a Yes or No Questions by adding 吗 ma at the end of a sentence

你昨天去了吗? 你喜欢运动吗?
你不舒服吗? 这是你画的吗?
你买衣服了吗? 你吃饭了吗?
疑问句
What, Which and Where

什么 哪个
What Which

Simplest form: Subject + Verb + Question word + Object (opt)

你叫什么名字?
你吃了什么?
你喜欢哪个?
你放在哪里?
世界公园在哪儿?
哪里
哪儿
Where
疑问句
When, Why and How

什么时候 怎么
When How

Simplest form: Subject + Question word + Verb + Object

爸爸什么时候回家?
这部电影几点开始?
弟弟昨天为什么逃课?
你怎么不说话?
小华明天怎么来公司?
为什么
Why
最常见汉语偏旁部首
D

Most commonly used Chinese Radicals: 扌、氵、艹、口、女 等等


D
汉语偏旁部首
提手旁 “扌”

打 提 扫 擦
dǎ tí sǎo cā
Hit Carry or Lift Sweep Wipe

Words that has“扌”mostly relates to actions that involves hands.


Apart from the example above, some other examples include
搬 move,挖 dig,捡 pick up,拉 pull,推 push and etc.
汉语偏旁部首
三点水 “氵”

海 河 汤 池
hǎi hé tāng chí
Sea River Soup Pool or Pond

Words that has“氵”mostly relates to water.


Apart from the example above, some other examples include
洗 wash,泡 bubble,汁 juice, 汗 sweat and etc.
汉语偏旁部首
草字头 “艹”

草 苹 花 药
cǎo píng huā yào
Grass Apple Flower Medicine

Words that has“艹”mostly relates to plants.


Apart from the example above, some other examples include
芽 sprout,茄 eggplant,芒 mango
汉语偏旁部首
口字旁 “口”

吃 喝 叫 唱
chī hē jiào chàng
Eat Drink Call/Greet/Shout Sing

Words that has“口”mostly relates to actions that involves the mouth.


Apart from the example above, some other examples include
吞 swallow,吐 puke,咬 bite and etc.
汉语偏旁部首
女字旁 “女”

妹 姐 姑 奶
mèi jiě gū nǎi
Younger sister Older sister Aunt Grandma

Words that has“女”mostly relates to woman.


Apart from the example above, some other examples include
姑娘 lady,妈 Mother ,娇 Delicate and etc.
汉语偏旁部首
足字旁 “足”

路 跟 跑 跳
lù gēn pǎo tiào
Road Follow or heels Run Jump

Words that has“足”mostly relates to actions involving the leg or the feet.
Apart from the example above, some other examples include
踢 kick,踩 step,跪 kneel and etc.
汉语偏旁部首
火字旁 “火、灬”

烧 灯 灰 炉
shāo dēng huī lú
Burn Lamp Ash Stove/Oven

Words that has“火”mostly relates to fire.


Apart from the example above, some other examples include
烤 Grill,烫 Hot,烟 Smoke and etc.
如何表达数据
D

How to express numbers in telephone number, bus number, money, etc.


D
如何表达数据
How to express numbers in telephone number, bus number, year of date, and room number

Just mention the number per number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
líng
yāo èr sān sì wǔ liù qī bā jiǔ

例如:
先生,这是您的房间卡,23楼的2304房间。
我的电话号码是081362115709。
哥哥是1982年毕业的。
去王府井最好是坐231路公交车。
如何表达数据
How to express numbers in amount of money, number of people, and etc.

0 líng zero 100 bǎi hundred


1 yī one 1000 qiān thousand
2 èr two 10000 wàn ten thousand
3 sān three 100000000 yì hundred million
4 sì four 1.1 diǎn point (comma)
5 wǔ five
*Remarks:Decimal numbers are mentioned number by number
6 liù six
7 qī seven Questions:
8 bā eight 25887 98765
9 jiǔ nine 分数78.5 ¥7854.25
10 shí ten 3007 951120
*Remarks:0.1元=1毛;0.01元=1分钱
D
D
谢谢聆听 ☺

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