Name:

-Zai
nAbbas
Rol
lNo:
-9837
Pr
ogr
am:
-DPT(
6th)
Submi
tt
edt
oSi
rDr
.MuhammadNoumanHussai
n
Q:-Defi
nePoll
uti
on.expl
ainTypesofPollut
ion
andhowwecanav oi
dpollut
ion.descr
ibewith
explnat
ion?

Pol
lut
ion:
-
Def
ini
ti
on:
-
:
-Poll
utionistheintroductionofcont aminant
sintothe
nat
uralenvir
onmentt hatcauseadv ersechange.Poll
ution
cantakethefor m ofchemi cal substancesorenergy,such
asnoise,heat
, orli
ght.Pollutants,thecomponent sof
pol
luti
on,canbeei therforeignsubst ances/ener
giesor
nat
urall
yoccurr i
ngcont ami nants.
:
-Pollut
ioni
sthei
ntr
oduct
ionofhar
mful
mat
eri
alsi
ntot
he
env
ironment.
:
-Theseharmfulmateri
alsarecal
l
edpol
l
utant
s.Pol
l
utant
s
canbenatur
al,suchasvolcani
cash.

Ty
pesofPol
lut
ion:
-
Asst
atedbefor
e,ther
earedi
ff
erentt
ypesofpol
luti
on,
whi
chareei
thercausedbynat
uralev
ents(
li
keforestf
ir
es)
orbyman-madeacti
vi
ti
es(l
ikecar
s,f
actori
es,
nucl
ear
wastes,
etc.
)Thesear
efur
thercl
assi
fi
edintot
hefol
lowi
ng
ty
pesofpoll
uti
on:

Ai
rPol
lut
ion
Wat
erPol
lut
ion
Soi
lPol
lut
ion
Noi
sePol
lut
ion
Besidest
hese4t ypesofpoll
uti
on,othertypesexi stsuch
asli
ghtpoll
uti
on,thermalpol
lut
ionandr adioacti
ve
poll
uti
on.Thelat
terismuchrarerthanot hertypes,butiti
s
thedeadl
iest
.
Ai
rPol
lut
ion:
-
Airpoll
uti
onrefer
st ot
herel
easeofharmf ul
contaminants
(chemical
s,toxi
cgases,par
ti
cul
ates,bi
ologi
calmolecules,
etc.
)intotheeart
h’sat
mosphere.Thesecontaminantsare
quitedetr
imentalandi
nsomecases, poseseri
oushealth
i
ssues.
Somecausest
hatcont
ri
but
etoai
rpol
lut
ionar
e:
:
-Bur
ningf
ossi
lfuel
s
:
-Mi
ningoper
ati
ons
:
-Exhaustgasesf
rom i
ndust
ri
esandf
act
ori
es

Theef f
ectsofairpoll
uti
onvarybasedontheki
ndof
poll
utant.Butgeneral
ly
,thei
mpactofairpol
lut
ionr
anges
fr
om:

:
-Incr
easedriskofrespi
rat
oryi
l
lnessand
cardi
ovascul
arproblems
:
-Incr
easedr
iskofski
ndi
seases
:
-Mayi
ncr
easet
her
iskofcancer
:
-Gl
obal
war
ming
:
-Aci
drai
n
:
-Ozonedepl
eti
on
:
-Hazar
dst
owi
l
dli
fe
:
-Amongt heot hertypesofpol luti
on, ai
rpollut
ionis
theori
zedtohav eaplanet -
widei mplicati
on.
Scienti
stshaveev enspecul atedanapocal ypse-l
ike
scenari
owher eai rpollut
ionifleftunchecked, can
bri
ngaboutanext remef orm ofgl obal warming
call
edther unawaygr eenhouseef fect.Thought his
i
spur el
yspecul ati
ve,itisaphenomenont hathas
alr
eadyoccur redonVenus.
Wat
erPol
lut
ion:
-
Wat erpol
lutionissai
dt ooccurwhentoxicpoll
utantsand
parti
culat
emat t
erareintr
oducedint
owat erbodiessuch
aslakes,riversandseas.Thesecontaminantsare
generall
yintroducedbyhumanact iv
iti
esli
keimpr oper
sewaget reatmentandoi lspi
ll
s.However,ev
ennat ural
processessuchaseut rophicati
oncancausewat er
poll
ution.

Ot
hersi
gni
fi
cantcausesofwat
erpol
lut
ioni
ncl
ude:

:
-Dumpi
ngsol
i
dwast
esi
nwat
erbodi
es
:
-Di
sposi
ngunt
reat
edi
ndust
ri
alsewagei
ntowat
erbodi
es
:
-Humanandani
mal
wast
es
:
-Agr
icul
tur
alr
unof
fcont
aini
ngpest
ici
desandf
ert
il
iser
s
Theef
fect
sofwat
erpol
l
uti
onar
ever
ypr
onouncedi
nour
envi
ronment .Fur
thermore,toxi
cchemi calscan
bi
oaccumul atei
nli
vingbeings,andthesechemi cal
scan
tr
avelthei
rwayupt hefoodchai n,
ult
imat el
yreachi
ng
humans.

Amongt heot hertypesofpol l

ution,wat erpoll
utionhasa
mor edisast r
ousconsequencesonhumans.Fori nst ance,
i
n1932, agr avecaseofwat erpollutionincapacitatedt he
i
nhabi t
ant sofanent irecityinJapanwi thneurologi cal
diseasesandment al il
lnessf ormanydecades.Howev er
,
theimmedi atecausewasnotappar entbutwasev entuall
y
attr
ibutedt oacutemer curypoisoni ng.Met hyl
mer cur ywas
dumpedi ntothesur roundingbayandhadul ti
mat el y
bioaccumul atedinsidet hef i
sh.Thel ocalpopulationt hen
consumedt hesef i
sh, andt hisresultedi nthe
mani f
estationofill
-effectsandneur ologi
caldiseases.

Ot
herconsequencesofwat
erpol
lut
ioni
ncl
ude:

:
-Di
srupt
ionoft
heecosy
stem
:
-Thr
eat
stomar
inel
i
fe
:
-Incr
easedr
iskofwat
er-
bor
nedi
seases
:
-Increasest
oxi
cchemi
cal
s(suchasmer
cur
y)i
nwat
er
bodies
:
-Eut
rophi
cat
ion

Soi
lPol
lut
ion:
-
Soilpoll
uti
on, alsocal l
edsoi lcontamination,ref
erst ot he
degradati
onofl andduet othepr esenceofchemi calsor
otherman- madesubst ancesi nt hesoil
.Thexenobi oti
c
substancesal terthenat uralcomposi ti
onofsoi landaf fect
i
tnegat i
vely.Thesecandr asti
callyimpactlifedir
ect l
yor
i
ndirectl
y.Fori nstance, anyt oxicchemi calspresentint he
soilwil
lgetabsor bedbyt hepl ants.Si
ncepl antsare
producersinanenv ironment ,itgetspassedupt hrough
thefoodchai n.Compar edt otheot hertypesofpol luti
on,
theeffectsofsoi lpollutionar eal it
tl
emor eobscur ed, but
t
hei
rimpl
i
cat
ionsar
ever
ynot
iceabl
e.

Someoft
hecommoncausesofsoi
lpol
lut
ionar
e:

:
-I
mpr
operi
ndust
ri
alwast
edi
sposal
:
-Oi
lSpi
l
ls
:
-Aci
drai
nwhi
chi
scausedbyai
rpol
l
uti
on
:
-Mi
ningact
ivi
ti
es
:
-Int
ensiv
efar
mingandagr
ochemi
cal
s(l
i
kef
ert
il
iser
sand
pest
ici
des)
:
-Indust
ri
alacci
dent
s
Theef f
ectsofsoi
l pollut
ionar
enumer ous.Speci
fic
wastes,suchasradi oacti
vewastebecomepar ti
cul
arly
hazardouswhent heyar enotwell
-cont
ained.Awell-
document edexampl eisanuclearacci
dentinChernobyl,
whichhasl ef
tanar eaof2,600km2uni nhabit
abl
ef or
sever
al t
housandy ears.

Ot
heref
fect
sofsoi
lpol
lut
ioni
ncl
ude:
:
-Lossofsoi
lnut
ri
ent
s,whi
chr
ender
sthesoi
lunf
itf
or
agr
icul
tur
e
:
-Impact
sthenat
ural
flor
aandf
aunar
esi
dingi
nthesoi
l
:
-Degr
adesv
eget
ati
onduet
othei
ncr
easeofsal
i
nit
yof
t
hesoi
l
:
-Toxicdust(
suchassil
icadust)cancauser
espi
rat
ory
pr
oblemsorevenlungcancer.

Noi
sePol
lut
ion:
-
Noisepol
lut
ionreferstotheexcessi
veamountofnoi sein
t
hesurroundingthatdisr
uptsthenatural
balance.Usual
l
y,
i
tisman-made, t
houghcer t
ainnatur
alcalamiti
esli
ke
vol
canoescancont r
ibutetonoisepoll
uti
on.

I
ngener
al,
anysoundwhi
chi
sov
er85deci
bel
sis
consideredtobedet r
imental.Also,thedur at
ionan
i
ndividualisexposedplaysani mpactont heirhealt
h.For
perspective,
anormal conversati
oni saround60deci bel
s,
andaj ettakingoffi
saround15odeci bels.Consequent l
y,
noi
sepol luti
onismor eobvioust hantheot hertypesof
poll
ution.

Noi
sepol
lut
ionhassev
eralcont
ri
but
ors,
whi
chi
ncl
ude:

:
-Indust
ry-
ori
ent
ednoi
sessuchasheav
ymachi
nes,
mil
l
s,
f
actori
es,et
c.
:
-Tr
anspor
tat
ionnoi
sesf
rom v
ehi
cles,
aer
opl
anes,
etc.
:
-Const
ruct
ionnoi
ses
:
-Noisef
rom soci
alev
ent
s(l
oudspeaker
s,f
ir
ecr
acker
s,
et
c.)
:
-Househol
dnoises(
suchasmi
xer
s,TV,
washi
ng
machi
nes,et
c.)
Noisepoll
uti
onhasnowbecomev erycommonduet o
denseurbani
sat
ionandindust
ri
ali
sat
ion.Noi
sepol
lut
ion
canbri
ngaboutadverseeff
ect
ssuchas:
:
-Hear
ingl
oss
:
-Ti
nni
tus
:
-Sl
eepi
ngdi
sor
der
s
:
-Hy
per
tensi
on(
highBP)
:
-Communi
cat
ionpr
obl
ems.

Howwecanav
oidpol
lut
ion?

1.Usi
ngPubl
icTr
anspor
ts
Usingpublict
ransporti
sasureshortwayofcont
ributi
ng
tolessairpol
lut
ionasitpr
ovi
deswithlessgasandener gy
,
evencarpoolscontri
but
etoit
.Inaddit
iontol
essreleaseof
fuelsandgas,usingapubl
ictr
ansportcanal
sohelpin
savingmoney .
2.Tur
nof
fthel
ight
swhennoti
nuse
Theenergythatt
heli
ghtstakealsocontri
butetoair
poll
uti
on,t
huslessconsumptionofelectr
ici
tycansave
energy
.Useenergysavi
ngf l
uorescentl
ightstohel
pthe
envi
ronment.
3.Recy
cleandReuse
Theconceptofr ecycleandreuseisnotjustconserve
resourcesanduset hem judi
cial
l
ybutalsoishelpfulf
orair
poll
uti
onasi thelpsinreduci
ngpollut
ionemissions.The
recycl
edproductsalsot akel
esspowert omakeot her
products.

4.Not
opl
ast
icbags
Theuseofplasticproduct
scouldbev er
yharmful
tothe
envi
ronmentast heytakeaveryl
ongtimetodecompose,
duetothei
rmat eri
almadeupofoi l
.Theuseofpaperbags
i
nsteadisabetteralt
ernat
iveastheydecomposeeasi
ly
andarerecy
clable.

5.Reduct
ionoff
orestf
ir
esandsmoki
ng
Thecoll
ecti
ngofgar bageandgetti
ngitonfi
reindry
seasonsordryleavescatchi
ngfi
resisahugefactorfor
causi
ngairpoll
ution,moreov
ersmokingalsocausesair
pol
l
utionandcausest
heairquali
tyt
owor
senal
ongwi
th
obv
iouslydamagi
ngone’
shealth.

6.Useoff
ansi
nst
eadofAi
rCondi
ti
oner
TheusageofAC’st akesalotofener
gyandemi t
salotof
heatwhi
chisbadf ortheenvir
onment.AC’sal
sotakealot
ofpowerandenergyt oworkascompar edtof
ans.

7.Usef
il
ter
sforchi
mney
s
Thegast hatisemittedfrom fi
replacesinhomesand
factori
esar eextremelydanger ousforairpol
luti
onand
harmst heai rquali
tyseverel
y.Theuseoff i
lt
ersshouldbe
usedatl eastiftheconsumpt ioncouldn’tbelessened,t
his
willhel
pt oreducet heeffectofhar mful
gasesabsor bi
ng
i
nt heair.

8.Av
oidusageofcr
acker
s
Theuseofcr ackersduri
ngfest
ival
sandweddi ngsissadly
oneoft hebi
ggestcontri
butor
stoairpoll
ution,leadingt
oa
l
ay erofsmogwhi chisextr
emelyharmfulforheal t
h.So,
practi
ceofnocr acker
sshouldbeimplement ed.
9.Av
oidusi
ngofpr
oduct
swi
thchemi
cal
s
Productsthatusethechemicalsinthei
rusageorsmell
strongl
y,li
kepaint
sorperfumesshoul dbeusedlessor
outsidethehouse.Ther
ecanal sobeanal t
ernati
vetouse
productswithlowchemicalcontentandorganic
properti
es.
10.I
mpl
ementAf
for
est
ati
on
Lastbutnottheleast,pl
antandgr
owasmanytreesas
possibl
e.Thepracti
ceofplanti
ngtr
eespr
ovi
desalotof
benefit
stotheenvironmentandhel
pswit
hther
eleaseof
oxygen.
11.Choosi
ngaTr
anspor
tat
ionFaci
li
ty
Avoi
dusingacarf
orshort
-distancetrav
el,i
nstead,
you
canmakeuseofabicycl
ewhi chwi l
lbebenefici
ali
nter
ms
ofheal
thaswel
lasint
her eductionofairpol
luti
on.
12.FoodChoi
ces
Ast r
ansport
ingthefoodacrossv ar
iouspartsoft he
countrywouldleadtoconsumptionofconsi derablefuel
,
wecanmi ni
mizetheconsumpt i
onofexcessi vefuelby
choosingfoodproductsthathavebeengr ownl ocall
yand
naturall
yusi
ngv i
abl
emet hods.Hencer educingair
poll
ution.
13.Ener
gychoi
ces
Ensurethaty ouswit
chofftheli
ghtsandotherelectr
ical
appl
ianceswheny ouarenotintheroom.Unplugging
them whennoti nusewouldalsohelptosaveener gy.Use
energy-
effi
cientl
ightbul
bs.
14.UsageofChemi
cal
s
Makeuseofeco-f
riendl
ychemicalsbecausetheseare
whatweuseforwashingutensi
ls,carsandhomesget
washeddownint
ot hesewagesy stem t
hatwould,i
nturn,
getcol
l
ectedasgroundwater
.
15.Av
oidFl
ushi
ngy
ourMedi
cat
ion
Medici
neswithhighdosagewhenendupi nthesani
tat
ion
syst
em,areverydif
fi
cultt
oisol
atefrom t
hewatersy
stem
andwouldcauseanadv er
seeffectonpeopl
ewhowoul d
consumethi
swat er.
16.Conser
vat
ionofWat
er
Avoi
dexcessunwant edusageofwater.Someoft he
si
mpleway stoprev
entwastageofwat eri
nclude,t
omake
useofwater-
savi
ngapparatus,fi
xi
ngleakageoftapsand
avoi
dwashingutensi
lswithrunni
ngwat er
.