Tanta University Design of Metallic Bridges [b]

Faculty of Engineering CSE 4238

Structural Engineering Department Second Semester

Design of Upper & Lower Chords

 (Solution)
o Data for design
▪ 𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
▪ 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
▪ 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
o Shape of section

1- Shape of section
▪ 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝐵𝑜𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝐿=𝑎 500
▪ ℎ= = = 33.3 ~ 41.6 𝑐𝑚 𝑈𝑠𝑒 ℎ = 40 𝑐𝑚
12 ~ 15 12 ~ 15
0.75 ~ 1 ℎ 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑘 & 𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑔𝑒
▪ 𝑏=
1 ~ 1.25 ℎ 𝑃𝑜𝑛𝑦 𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑔𝑒
𝑏 = 1 ~ 1.25 ∗ 40 = 40 ~ 50 cm 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑏 = 40 𝑐𝑚
▪ 𝑏1 = 𝑏 + 20 ~ 30 = 40 + 20 ~ 30 = 60 ~ 70 cm
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑏1 = 60 𝑐𝑚
2- Calculate 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒒 & 𝒕
▪ 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
1.2 ~ 1.4 𝑡/𝑐𝑚2 𝑆𝑡. 44
𝐹𝑐𝑟 =
1.5 ~ 1.9 𝑡/𝑐𝑚2 𝑆𝑡. 52
𝐹𝑀𝑎𝑥 653
▪ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞 = = = 502 𝑐𝑚2
𝐹𝑐𝑟 1.3

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 2ℎ + 𝑏1 + 𝑏 ∗ 𝑡 = 2 ∗ 40 + 60 + 40 ∗ 𝑡 = 502 𝑐𝑚2

▪ 𝑡 = 2.78 cm 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑡 = 3 𝑐𝑚

𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒 (𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 1 𝑐𝑚 &(𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 4 𝑐𝑚)

3- Check non - compact Requirement
𝒃 𝟔𝟒
▪ ≤ (𝐶𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑃. 10, 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 2.1𝑏)
𝒕 𝐹𝑦
40 64
= 13.3 < = 38.2 𝑂𝐾
3 2.8
𝒄 𝟐𝟏
▪ ≤ (𝐶𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑃. 11, 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 2.1𝑐)
𝒕 𝐹𝑦

7 21
= 2.3 < = 12.55 𝑂𝐾
3 2.8
𝒉 𝟑𝟎
▪ ≤ (𝐶𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑃. 12, 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 2.1𝑐)
𝒕 𝐹𝑦
40 30
= 13.3 < = 17.9 𝑂𝐾
3 2.8
4- Properties of section
▪ 𝐴𝑎𝑐𝑡 = 2 ∗ 40 + 60 + 40 ∗ 3 = 540 𝑐𝑚2
60∗3∗21.5−40∗3∗16 𝑋 𝑋
▪ 𝑒= = 3.61 cm 𝑑𝑎𝑡 𝑒
540
3∗403 60∗33
▪ 𝐼𝑚 = ∗2+ + 60 ∗ 3 ∗ 21.52
12 12
40∗33
+( + 40 ∗ 3 ∗ 162 ) = 146150 𝑐𝑚4
12

▪ 𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼𝑚 − 𝐴 ∗ 𝑒 2 = 146150 − 540 ∗ 3.612 =139112.7 𝑐𝑚4

3∗603 3∗403 40∗33
▪ 𝐼𝑦 = + +2∗ + 40 ∗ 3 ∗ 21.52 = 181120 𝑐𝑚4
12 12 12

𝐼𝑥 139112.7 𝐼𝑦 181120
▪ 𝑖𝑥 = = = 16.05 𝑐𝑚 ▪ 𝑖𝑦 = = = 18.31 𝑐𝑚
𝐴 540 𝐴 540
5- Check stress
▪ 𝐿𝑏𝑥 = 0.85 ∗ 𝐿 (𝐿 = 𝑎)
𝐿𝑏𝑥 = 0.85 ∗ 500 = 425 𝑐𝑚
0.85 ∗ 𝐿 (𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑔𝑒)
▪ 𝐿𝑏𝑦 =
2.5* 4 𝐸 ∗ 𝐼𝑦 ∗ 𝑎 ∗ δ ≥ 𝑎 (𝑃𝑜𝑛𝑦 𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑔𝑒) (δ = 0.03~0.06)
4
𝐿𝑏𝑦 =2.5* 2100 ∗ 181120 ∗ 500 ∗ 0.03 = 687.1 𝑐𝑚
𝐿𝑏𝑥 425
▪ λ𝑥 = = = 26.48 ≤ 110 𝑂𝐾
𝑖𝑥 16.05
λ𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 37.53 ≤ 110
𝐿𝑏𝑦 687.1 𝑂𝐾
▪ λ𝑦 = = = 37.53 ≤ 110
𝑖𝑦 18.31
5- Check stress

1.6 − 0.000085 λ𝑚𝑎𝑥 2 (𝑆𝑡. 44)

▪ 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑙 = λ𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≤ 110
2
2.1 − 0.000135 λ𝑚𝑎𝑥 (𝑆𝑡. 52)
7500
▪ 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑙 = λ𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≥ 110
λ𝑚𝑎𝑥 2

𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 1.6 − 0.000085 ∗ 37.532 = 1.48 𝑡/𝑐𝑚2

𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 653 𝑡
▪ 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡 = = = 1.21 2 < 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒
𝐴𝑎𝑐𝑡 540 𝑐𝑚

(𝐼𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑡)

 b = 40 cm

o Shape of section (Solution)

1- Shape of section

▪ 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝐵𝑜𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

▪ 𝑏 = 40 cm

▪ 𝑏1 = 𝑏 + 20 ~ 30 = 40 + 20 ~ 30 = 60 ~ 70 cm
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑏1 = 60 𝑐𝑚
𝐿=𝑎 500
▪ ℎ= = = 33.3 ~ 41.6 𝑐𝑚 𝑈𝑠𝑒 ℎ = 40 𝑐𝑚
12 ~ 15 12 ~ 15
2- Calculate 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒒 & 𝒕
▪ 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝐹𝑡 = 1.6

𝐹𝑀𝑎𝑥 349
▪ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞 = = = 215.4 𝑐𝑚2
𝐹𝑡 1.62

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 2ℎ + 𝑏1 + 𝑏 ∗ 𝑡 = 2 ∗ 40 + 60 + 40 ∗ 𝑡 = 215.4 𝑐𝑚2

▪ 𝑡 = 1.19 cm 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑡 = 1.4 𝑐𝑚

𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒 (𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 1 𝑐𝑚 &(𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 4 𝑐𝑚)

3- Properties of section
▪ 𝐴𝑎𝑐𝑡 = 2 ∗ 40 + 60 + 40 ∗ 1.4 = 252 𝑐𝑚2
60∗1.4∗20.7−40∗1.4∗19.3
▪ 𝑒= = 2.61 cm 𝑑𝑎𝑡
252 𝑋 𝑒 𝑋
1.4∗40 3 60∗1.4 3
▪ 𝐼𝑚 = ∗2+ + 60 ∗ 1.4 ∗ 20.72
12 12
40∗1.4 3
+( + 40 ∗ 1.4 ∗ 19.32 ) = 71808.8 𝑐𝑚4
12

▪ 𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼𝑚 − 𝐴 ∗ 𝑒 2 = 71808 − 252 ∗ 2.612 =70092.2 𝑐𝑚4

1.4∗603 1.4∗403 40∗1.43
▪ 𝐼𝑦 = + +2∗ + 40 ∗ 1.4 ∗ 20.72 = 80675.8 𝑐𝑚4
12 12 12

𝐼𝑥 70092.2 𝐼𝑦 80675.8
▪ 𝑖𝑥 = = = 16.67 𝑐𝑚 ▪ 𝑖𝑦 = = = 17.89 𝑐𝑚
𝐴 252 𝐴 252
4- Check stress
𝐿=𝑎 500
▪ λ𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 29.99 ≤ 180 𝑂𝐾
𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛 16.67

▪ 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 0.58 𝐹𝑦 = 0.58 ∗ 2.8 = 1.62 𝑡/𝑐𝑚2

𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 349
▪ 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 1.38 𝑡/𝑐𝑚2 < 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑂𝐾
𝐴𝑎𝑐𝑡 252
𝐹𝑚𝑖𝑛 220
▪ 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.87 𝑡/𝑐𝑚2 < 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑂𝐾
𝐴𝑎𝑐𝑡 252

𝑡
▪ 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡.𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 1.38 − 0.87 = 0.51 2 < 𝐹𝑠𝑟 = 1.26 𝑡/𝑐𝑚2 𝑂𝐾
𝑐𝑚

𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒
 𝐃𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
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𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒆𝟏𝟎.
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𝒕𝑷𝒕𝑷==𝟑 𝟑
𝑪𝑴𝑪𝑴

𝟓𝟐
𝟓𝟐𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
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𝑴𝟐𝟒𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒆
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𝐟𝐨𝐫
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𝐧𝐨𝐭𝐞 ∶