Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS NORTE

Basic Calculus
Quarter 4 - Module 2
Fundamental Theorem
of Calculus
and Substitution
Rule for Definite Integral
MELC – STEM _BC11LC-IVh-2 and
MELC – STEM _BC11LC-IVi-2

Prepared By:

RONALD V. HERMOSO
SHS Master Teacher I
Bacarra National Comprehensive High School

ii
Basic Calculus - Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 2: Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
and Substitution Rule for Definite Integral
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Ronald V. Hermoso

Editor: Martina R. Agullana
Reviewers: Jonathan Macadangdan
Martina R. Agullana
Layout Artist: Ronald V. Hermoso
Management Team: Joann A. Corpuz
Joye D. Madalipay
Santiago L. Baoec
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Martina Agullana
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 What I Need to Know

This module was specifically developed and designed to provide you fun
and meaningful learning experience, with your own time and pace.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
• Lesson 2 – Definite integral using the substitution rule

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• compute the definite integral of a function using the
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus; STEM_BC11I-IVh-2
• compute the definite integral of a function using the substitution
rule; STEM_BC11I-IVi-2

What I Know

Directions: Read and answer the following questions. Write your

answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus is best applied in

________ functions.
a. Asymptotic b. Continuous c. Infinite d. Periodic
2. Which of the following notations illustrate the Fundamental
Theorem of Calculus?
a. F(a)+F(b) b. F(a)-F(b) c. F(b)+F(a) d. F(b)-F(a)
�
3. Which of the following is the correct answer in solving �
(�)��?
i. Evaluate on the given interval
ii. Solve for ∫ �(�)��
iii. Check if f(x) is continuous on the interval [a, b].
a. ii, i, iii b. ii, iii, I c. iii, i, ii d. iii, ii, i

1
4. Evaluate the integral �� using the Fundamental Theorem
of Calculus.
a. 0 b. − c. d.

2
5. Evaluate the integral, if possible. 0 (7���� − 2����)��
a. −2 b. 5 c. −7 d. 9

For numbers 6-10. Solve the definite integral ��

using the Substitution Rule

6. What is the value of u in the given definite integral?

a. −2 b. 5� c. 5� – 2 d. (5� − 2)2

7. What is the value of du in the given problem?

a. dx b. x dx c. -2 dx d. 5 dx

8. What is the new lower bound of integration?

a. -1 b. -2 c. -3 d. -4

9. What is the new upper bound of integration?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

10. What is the final answer of the given problem?

a. b. c. d.

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 Lesson
Fundamental Theorem
1 of Calculus

What’s In

Directions: Recall how to produce the antiderivative for the

integrand by studying the table below for reference.

3
Directions: Which formula number/s should you use if you will look
for the antiderivative of the following:

What’s New

The definition of the definite integral requires us to use the

concept of limits which may be quite tedious. The following theorem
allows us to relate both differentiation and definite integral making
our computations a lot easier.

4
 What it Is

Study the following examples and learn how this

theorem is used in evaluating definite integrals.

Consider the definite integral

1
0
4�3 ��
Solution:

Step 1: Check if f(x)=4� 3 is continuous on the interval [0, 1].

Yes, f(x) is continuous at [0,1].

Step 2: Find the antiderivative/indefinite integral.

Thus, the anti-derivative of f is F = �4

Step 3: Evaluate the antiderivative using F(a) − F(b) by substituting

the upper bound (b = 1) and lower bound (a= 0)

F(1) − F(0) = 14 − 04 = 1.

Hence, .

Example 1: Evaluate

��

Solution: We have �(�) = 2� 2 + 1 that is continuous on [2, 5].

2
(Note: F(�) = 3
� 3 + � as an antiderivative of �(�) = 2� 2 + 1)

= 81.

5
Example 2: Evaluate
1
−1
�� ��
Solution: Since f(x) is continuous on [−1, 1]. The antiderivative of the
function f(x)=�� is F(x)=�� . Therefore,

Example 3: Evaluate

Example 4: Evaluate

��

Solution: f(x) isn’t continuous over [−1, 2] (look at 0), so the

fundamental theorem doesn’t apply!

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 What’s More

Activity: APPLY ME!

Using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, evaluate the following.
2
Given #1 4 �3 + 3�2 ��
1

Step 1: Continuous
or Not?

Step 2:
Antiderivative

Step 3: Evaluate

Answer

�
Given #2 ��� 2� ��
−�

Step 1: Continuous
or Not?

Step 2:
Antiderivative

Step 3: Evaluate

Answer

7
 What I Have Learned

Find the exact values of the following definite integrals:

What I Can Do

Solving definite integrals with absolute value in the integrands

Directions:
1. Copy the problem on a sheet of paper/graphing paper. Sketch
the graph of the given function.
2. Write your complete solution. Identify the three subintervals,
piecewise function, antiderivative, and evaluation using the
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
3. Finalize your solutions. Then, attach your sheet of paper to
your module.

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 Lesson
Substitution Rule for
2 Definite Integral

What’s New

Recall some properties of definite integrals.

Study the following further examples on evaluating definite integrals using the
techniques of integration you have learned in the previous lesson.

9
Example 1: Evaluate

.
Solution:
��

Example 2: Evaluate

.
Solution:

π π

What’s In

How, do we evaluate this through substitution? There are two

ways of approaching the solution of the definite integral
through substitution.

Method 1.
We first consider the definite integral as an indefinite integral and
supply the substitution technique. The answer (antiderivative of
the function) is expressed in terms of the original variable and the
FTOC is applied using the limits of integration � = � and � = b

10
To illustrate, to integrate �� , we first apply the
substitution technique to the indefinite integral using the substitution
y = � − 2 and express the antiderivative in terms of :

.
We apply the FTOC using the original limits of integration � = 1 and
� = 3, so we have

.
Note that for definite integrals, we can omit the constant of integration C in
the antiderivative since this will cancel when we evaluate at the limits of
integration.
Method 2.
In the second method, the substitution is applied directly to the definite
integral and the limits or bounds of integration are also changed according
to the substitution applied. How is this done? If the substitution
� = �(�) is applied, then the limits of integration � = � and � = b are
changed �(�) and �(�), respectively. The FTOC is then applied to the
definite integral where the integrand is a function of u and using the new
limits of integration � = �(�) and � = �(�)
To illustrate this method, let us consider the same definite integral
��. Applying the substitution technique, we let � = (� − 2) so
�� = �� . For the limits of integration in the given definite integral,
these are changed in accordance to the substitution � = � − 2:
If � = 1, then � = 1 − 2 =− 1 and if � = 3 then � = 3 − 2 = 1.
We then apply the FTOC to the definite integrable involving the new
variable u yielding:
��

.
This alternative solution pays special attention to the bounds of
integration in performing a substitution. The two methods, of
course, give the same result.
Why must special attention be given to the bounds of integration when
�
performing a substitution? a and b in the definite integral �
�(�)��
refer to values of �. In the final step of definite integration, the
resulting expression is evaluated at � = � and at � = b. If substitution
is applied correctly to the variable.
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 What It Is

In applying the substitution technique of integration to the definite integral

�
�
�(�)�� ,
The integrand " �(�)�� " is replaced by an expression in terms of � is
a function of � say � = �(�) which implies �� . . The
antiderivative, say F (� ) is thus expressed as a function of � .
In the first method, the variable � is expressed in terms of �,
giving the antiderivative F (�(��) ) and this is evaluated with the
original bounds � = � and � = b.
In the second method, we proceed with the substitution as above and the
new bounds are computed through the same equation used to perform
the substitution. Thus, if � = �(�) , then the new bounds are
� = �(�) and � = �(�)
And the definite integral is now expressed as

�(�)��

This is known as the Substitution Rule for Definite Integrals.

Example 3: Evaluate

.
Solution: We get the indefinite integral first.

12
Then,

Example 4: Evaluate

.
Solution: Let � = � 2 + 1 . This gives us �� = 2� �� . Before integrating, we
determine the new limits of integration:

Example 5: Evaluate

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Thus,

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What’s More

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 What I Have Learned

A. Directions: Complete the table by computing the definite

integral of the following functions using the Substitution Rule
Method 1. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

B. Directions: Complete the table by computing the definite

integral of the following functions using the Substitution Rule
Method 2. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

16
 Assessment

Direction: Read and answer the following questions. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

1
1. By applying the theorem, find 0 �� ��
a. 1 b. 0 c. e d. does not exist

� ���
2. Evaluate 1 �
��

a. 1 b. c. d.

3. Which of the following is the value of the definite integral

��?

a. b. c. d.

� ��� �
�
4. 4
0 ���2 �
�� is equal to ____________.
�
a. � + 1 b.
4
c. � − 1 d. �

1 −4�
5. Evaluate; 0
� ��

1 1 1 1 1
a. −
4�4
+1 b.
�4
−1 c. −
4 �4
−1 d. �4
+1

�
0
6. Using the FTOC, which simplifies 4
0
���� + ���� ���� ��

a. 1 d.

2 ��
7. The definite integral 1 2 is equal to .
� +2 �

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8.Which of the following is the value of the definite integral
��
a. -3 b. 9 c. -5 d. 6

� �
9. If �
�(�) �� = � + 2� , then �
(�(�) + 3)�� = ___________.
a. 5� − 2� b. � + 2� + � c. � + 2� + 3 d. −2� + �

10. Which of the following has the same value as the integral
dx when 3x + 1 replaced by u?

a. du b. udu c. udu d. � du

11. Determine the value of .

a. �� 3 b. �� c. �� 3 + 2�� 2 d. �� 4 + �� 3 − �� 2

For numbers 12 – 15, use the Substitution Rule to compute ��

12. What is the value of �� in the problem?

a. 2 �� b. 3 �� c. 2� �� d. 3� ��
13. What is the new lower bound of integration?
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
14. What is the new upper bound of integration?
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
15. What is the final answer of the given problem?
a. b. c. 1 d. 10

References:
 Balmaceda, Jose Maria P., et. al. (2016) Basic Calculus. Meralco Avenue,
Pasig City. Lexicon Press, Inc.

 Pelias, John Gabriel P. (2016). Basic Calculus. Sta Mesa Heights, Quezon
City. Rex Printing Company, Inc.

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