ASSESSMENT OF THE GROUND WATER QUALITY USING

WATER QUALITY INDEX IN SIKANDRABAD

(UTTAR PRADESH)

A DISSERTATION
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Award of the Degree of

5 year Integrated Dual Degree Programme

B.Tech (Civil Engineering) +M.Tech (Environment Engineering)

SUBMITTED BY

DHARMENDRA KUMAR
10/ICE/020

SUPERVISOR

DR. ATHAR HUSSAIN

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
GAUTAM BUDDHA UNIVERSITY, GREATER NOIDA
MAY, 2016
 ASSESSEMENT OF THE GROUND WATER QUALITY USING
WATER QUALITY INDEX IN SIKENDRABAD (UTTAR PARDESH)

A DISSERTATION
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Award of the Degree of

5 year Integrated Dual Degree Programme

B.Tech (Civil Engineering) +M.Tech (Environment Engineering)

SUBMITTED BY

DHARMENDRA KUMAR
10/ICE/020

SUPERVISOR

DR. ATHAR HUSAIN

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
GAUTAM BUDDHA UNIVERSITY, GREATER NOIDA
MAY, 2016
©GAUTAM BUDDHA UNIVERSITY, GREATER NOIDA,INDIA
2016
ALL RIGHT RESERVED
 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION

I hereby certify that the work embodied in this dissertation entitled “ Assesssement of qround
water quality using water quality index in sikandrabad, Utter Pardesh” by Dharmendra
kumar , Roll no : 10/ice/020 , in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
degree of 5 year Integrated Dual Degree Programme B.Tech (Civil Engineering) +M.Tech
(Environment engineering) submitted to the School of Engineering, Gautam Buddha University,
Greater Noida, is an authentic record of my own work carried out under the supervision of
Dr.Athar Husain. The matter presented in this dissertation has not been submitted by me in any
other University / Institute for the award of any other degree or diploma.

(Dharmendra kumar)
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my
knowledge and belief

(Dr.Athar husain)
Supervisor
Assistant Professor,
School of Engineering
Date : Gautam Buddha university

The viva voice of Mr.Dharmendra Kumar has been held on …………………………………

(Signature of External Examiner)

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is with a feeling of great pleasure that I would like to express my most sincere heartfelt
gratitude to Dr. Athar Husain, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Environment eng.,
GBU Greater Noida for guiding me in my dissertation report and for their ready and able
guidance throughout the course of my preparing the report. I am greatly indebted to them for his
constructive suggestions and criticism from time to time during the course of progress of my
work.

Date:

Dharmendra Kumar
M.Tech (Environment Eng.)
Department of civil & environment eng.
Gautam Buddha University
 CONTENT

LIST OF FIGURE

LIST OF TABLE

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER :1……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1

1 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………..…………………..…1

1.1Objective………………………………………………………………………..……………………..……3

1.2 Organisation of Disertation……………………………………………………….4

CHAPTER : 2………………………………………………………………………..…………...5

2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE………………………………………...…………………5

CHAPTER : 3…………………………………………………………..……………………….13

3 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA………………………………………...………...13

3.1 General ………………………………………………………...……………………13

3.2 Climate……………………………………………………………………………13

3.3 Sampling……………………………………………………………………………13

CHAPTER : 4…………………………………………………………………………………17

4 METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………………………...17
 4.1GENERAL…………………………………………………………………………17

4.2 Methodologies for measurement of water quality parameters

4.2.1 pH…………………………………………………………….18

4.2.2 Alkalinity…………………………………………………………20

4.2.3 Chloride……………………………………………………………………22

4.2.4 Hardness………………………………………………………………………23

4.2.5 Conductivity………………………………………………………………….25

4.2.6 Dissolved oxygen………………………………………………………………27

4.2.7 Turbidity……………………………………………………………………28

4.2.8 Total dissolved solid…………………………………………………………30

4.2.9 Total suspended solid…………………………………………………………30

CHAPTER : 5…………………………………………………………

5 MATERIALS AND METHOD………………………………………………33

5.1 Water quality index…………………………………………………33

5.1.1 Arithmetic formulation of index technique…………………………33

5.2 Result and discussion………………………………………37

5.2.1 Physico-Chemical Parameters……………………………37

5.2.2 Correlation coefficient matrix of water parameters……………….47

5.2.3 Developed index for ground water quality………………………….49

5.2.3 Developed index of parameters exceeding the acceptable limit prescribed by

BIS(2012) from ground water samples………………………………………49

CHAPTER :6………………………………………………………………………………54

7 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………54

REFERENCE……………………………………………………………………………55
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.1 Map of Sikandrabad showing sampling location………………………………14

Figure 5.1 pH meter with buffer solutions…………………………………………………19

Figure 5.2 Conductivity meter with buffer solution………………………………………26

Figure 5.3 Turbity meter………………………………………………………………………29

Figure 5.4 Variation of pH in samples……………………………………………. …….37

Figure 5.5 Variation of alkalinity in sample………………………………………………38

Figure 5.6 Variation of hardness in sample…………………………………………………39

Figure 5.7Variation of calcium in sample…………………………………………………40

Figure 5.8 Variation of chloride in sample…………………………………………………41

Figure 5.9 Variation of Conductivity in sample………………………………………………41

Figure 5.10 Variation of DO in sample………………………………………………………42

Figure 5.11 Variation of turbidity in sample……………………………………………. .43

Figure 5.12 Variation of TDS in sample…………………………………………………44

Figure 5.13 Variation of TSS in sample…………………………………………………45

 LIST OF TABLE

Table 3.1 List of ground water sampling location in sikandrabad………………………15

Table 4.1 List of the analytical method and equipment used in study…………………17

Table 5.1 Drinking water standard (BIS,2012 & WHO) and relative weight of chemical
parameters……………………………………………………………………………………35

Table 5.2 Range for water quality index for drinking purpose………………………36

Table 5.3 The parameter concentration of various sample obtained in the analysis (ALL
value are in mg/L except pH,conductivity(µs/cm),turbidity(NTU)…………………………45

Table 5.4 correlation coefficient matrix of water parameters………………………………47

Table 5.5 water quality index & Type of water for various sample obtained in the
analysis………………………………………………………………………………………48

Table 5.6 List of parameters exceeding the acceptable exceeding the acceptable limit
prescribed by
BIS……………………………………………………………………………………49