TASK 3

I. CÁC TRƯỜNG CHÚ Ý CỦA BỊ ĐỘNG

 Vị trí của trạng ngữ trong câu bị động

 Nếu có yếu tố thời gian thì để nó sau "by"

 Nếu có yếu tố nơi chốn thì để nó trước "by"
Nơi chốn + BY + Thời gian

1. S + V1 + to + V2+ O
=> S + V1(nguyên) + to be + Ved/P2
Ex. Vietnamese women continue to wear AD
AD continues to be worn by V.W
* S + V1 + V2_ing + O
=> S + V1(nguyên) + being + Ved/P2
Ex. Vietnamese women continue wearing AD
AD continues being worn by V.W
Note.
+) Nếu động từ 2 là “to V” ở chủ động còn bị động ta chia là “to be Ved/P2”
Ex. I expect ( invite ) to the party- to be invited
+) Nếu động từ 2 là “V_ing” ở chủ động còn bị động ta chia là “being Ved/P2
Ex. He hates (ask) about his past- being asked
2. Make +O+ V
=> S (make bị động bt ) +to V
Ex. Mr Huy made us learn 30 new words
We were made to learn ………….by Mr Huy
3. Let + O + V
=> S be allowed to V
permitted to V
ex. He let us smoke in this room.
We were allowed to smoke in this room
4. It (be) one’s duty to V
= S (be) supposed to V
Ex It is my duty to clean the window.
 - I am supposed to clean the window
5. Have/get (chia thì) + st (O) + Ved/P2 (V chính)
Mình làm mà không phải mình làm ( thuê/nhờ người khác làm)
Ex. a. I HAD/ GOT MY HAIR CUT yesterday. (tôi cắt tóc hôm qua)
=> được hiểu là đi RA QUÁN VÀ NHỜ thợ cắt tóc cắt cho)
b. She will have/ get her trousers lengthened tommorrow

Note * S + HAVE (chia theo thì) + SB + V-nguyên thể + ST

S + GET /ASk ( Chia thì ) + SB + to V + ST
Ai nhờ / thuê / bảo ai làm gì
=> S + HAVE/ GET (chia theo thì) + ST + Vp2 (+ BY + SB)
Ex.
1. Workers collect our rubbish twice a week. (collect)
We …………………………………………………………………….
2. If you finish all your work early, you can go home early. (finish)
If you …………………………………………………………………………………
3. The airline changed my flight for me yesterday. (change)
I ......................................................................................
4. We will have to arrange for someone to replace that broken window. (replace)
We will have to ...............................................................
5. An engineer repaired my computer a couple of weeks ago. (repair)
I ......................................................................................
6 A well-known designer made the dress for her. (make)
She....................................................................................
7. A professional cleaner cleans their house for them. (clean)
They..................................................................................
8. A local hairdresser does her hair once a month. (do)
She....................................................................................
9. My passport will expire soon. (renew)
I’ll have to ........................................................................
10. I solved the problem as quickly as I could. (solve)
I ..................................................................................
ANSWER KEY

1……. have/get our rubbish collected twice a week

2. ……have /get all your work finished early ,you can go home early
3……... had/got my flight changed yesterday
4. …….have/get that broken window replaced
5. ……had/got my computer repaired a couple of weeks ago ( by an engineer )
6…….. had/got the dress made (by a well-known designer )
7. …….have/get their house cleaned ( by a professional cleaner )
8. …….has/gets her hair done ( by a local hairdresser) once a month
9…….. have/get my passport renewed soon
10…… got the problem solved as quickly as I could
* further exercises.
1. The doctor checked my health last week.
-I had my health checked ( by the doctor ) last week.
2. His room is going to be painted next month.
-He is going to have his room painted.
6. Đối với câu mệnh lệnh
V+O
S must be Ve/p2
Ex. Turn off the lights
The lights must be turned off
7. Chuyển câu chủ động dùng Bare-Infinitive (Động từ nguyên thể không có To) sau các V chỉ
giác quan thành câu bị động :
S + see / hear / watch / look /catch … + Sb + V

S + be + seen / heard / watched / looked / caught  … + to-V

Cách chuyển: Đổi V thành to-V khi chuyển sang bị động:
Ex:       I sometimes see him go out.    
-> He is sometimes seen to go out.
8. Chuyển câu chủ động có V-ing sau các V chỉ giác quan sang bị động:
S + see / hear / watch / look / catch … + Sb + V-ing

S + be + seen / heard / watched / looked / caught/ …+ V-ing

Cách chuyển: Khi chuyển sang bị động, V-ing vẫn giữ nguyên là V-ing 
Ex:       I see him bathing her dog now.         
-> He is seen bathing her dog now. We heard her singing loudly .            
9. S + V1 + Sb + V-ing + O…    

–>   S + V1 + being + P.P2 + …

Ex:       She remember people taking her to the zoo.  
-> She remember being taken to the zoo.
10. Chuyển câu mệnh lệnh chủ động sang bị động: Dùng LET
Khẳng định: V + O                           Let + O + be + Ved /P2
Phủ định:     Don’t  + V + O          Don’t let + O + be + Ved/ P2
            Ex:       Do the exercise!
—> Let the exercise be done!
Don’t leave him alone!
—>Don’t let him be left alone!
11. S + need / deserve … + to-V + Sth + …    

–>   Sth + need / deserve … + V-ing + …

Ex:      1. We need to water the plants everyday.
–> The plants need watering everyday.

2. I need to repair the car

-> The car needs repairing

12.Câu hỏi WH-
What did you eat ? - ( you ate what ) -> What was eaten by you ?
Who is she teaching ? – ( She is teaching who ) – Who is being taught by her ?
Who cooked this meal ? By whom was this meal cooked ?
13. Câu bị động với cấu trúc: It's impossible + to do sth

Câu chủ động It’s impossible + to do sth (Không thể làm gì)

Câu bị động S + can’t + be + Ved/p2

Ví dụ:
It is impossible to repair that machine.

→ That machine can't be repaired

Họ nói ( rằng) / anh ấy đang làm việc ở Hà Nội

Anh ấy………………………………………………….

14. Đặc biệt

S1 + V1(think,believe,say..) + (that) + S2 + be2/V2 + HTĐ,TLĐ (1)
HTĐ +HTTD (2)

QKĐ,QKHT,HTHT,HTHTTD(3)
C1 : S2 V1( think,believe,say bị động bt) to be/V (1)
to be V_ing (2)
to have been/Ved/P2(3)
ex. 1.I think (that) she passed the exam.
- She
2. They say that he is working in HN now.
- He is said to be working in…………
 3. people believe that Nam learns well.
- Nam is believed to learn well.
4. We expect that the man helped the children.
- The man
5. They say that the teacher will come on time
-The teacher is expected to come on time
* Nếu động từ thứ 2 ở dạng bị động thì động từ (tobe ) sẽ là động từ chính
6. They say that he was killed yesterday
He is said to have been killed yesterday
7. People think that the church will be finished next month
The church is thought to be finished next month

C2 : It V1( think,believe,say …..bị động bt) (that) S2 + be2/V2 + HTĐ,TLĐ (1)

HTTD (2)
QKĐ,QKHT,HTHT,HTHTTD(3)

= S1 + V1
ex. They think (that) she passed the exam.
C1. She is thought to have passed the exam
C2.It is thought (that) she passed the exam.
*NOTE ; V1   ở Quá Khứ Đơn – V2 sau That cũng ở Quá Khứ Đơn 
Active: S1 + V1-ed + that + S2 + V-ed
Passive:  It was + PP.2 của V1 + that + S2 + V-ed
               S2 + was/were + PP.2 của V1 + to + V
Ex:       The police believed that the murderer died.
–> It was believed that the murderer died.
Or: The murderer was believed to die.
EXERCISE
1. People believe that this new teaching method is more effective than the old one. (đề TN 2015)
=> This new teaching method _________________________________.
2. It is expected that some solutions will be made
=> Some solutions _________________________________.
3. People think that climbing is a dangerous sport
=> Climbing _________________________________.
4. It is rumoured that the towers were built very long ago
=> The towers _________________________________.
5. People say that the cat likes catching big mice
=> The cat _________________________________.
6. It is said that the soldiers surrendered to the enemy.
=> The soldiers _________________________________.
7. People know that the man put up with his wife too much.
=> The man _________________________________.
KEY
1. This new teaching method is believed to be more effective than the old one.
2. Some solutions are expected to be made.
3. Climbing is thought to be a dangerous sport.
4. The towers are rumoured to have been built very long ago.
5. The cat is said to like catching big mice.
6. The soldiers are said to have surrendered to the enemy.
7. The man is known to have put up with his wife too much.