MEM 645

Education Laws, Practices, Trends, and

Issues: e-Education Approach

Submitted to:
Dr. Caroline Sumande
Professor

Submitted by:
Rose Ann H. Zimara
MEM - ELM
LESSON 1 - INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE AND THE HISTORICAL
EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE EDUCATION SYSTEM
ASSESSMENT/ACTIVITIES
Answers to the Guide Questions:
1. Being a teacher, how would you like to be remembered as a student and by your students?
As a student in graduate school, I would like to be remembered as someone who always
has an unquenchable thirst for new-found pieces of information that I can utilize of in teaching my
students. The thirst to explore different opportunities and possibilities to help me grow as an
educator and as an individual.
On the other hand, I would like to be remembered by my students as a person who touches
their heart even in a simple way. Based on my experience as a public teacher, most of my students
are like angels with broken wings. They are kind-hearted individuals who at such a young age have
experienced a lot of struggles and issues in life. Thus, as their teacher, you must look closely
enough for you to see how broken they really are inside and to yield them some shade of lights
and happiness.
Therefore, whatever your role might be, either you are a student or a teacher, you have to
remember that other people learn more from what you are than what you teach so as much as
possible be the best version of yourself.

2. Complete the chart below.

DepEd Road Map: Where we are headed?
3R’s Back to Basic Where we want to be How we’re getting Six Directions: So we
What we want to be? Our major goals there won’t get lost

Based on DepEd’s The DepEd Mission • Provide • Expand Access to

vision: To protect and affirmative action Basic Education
We dream of promote the right of to learners with • Improve Quality
Filipinos who every Filipino to special needs and Relevance
passionately love quality, equitable, and/or learners in • Modernize
their country and culture-based, and special Education
whose values and complete basic circumstances Management &
competencies enable education where: • Engage the private Governance
them to realize their sector in
full potential and Students learn in a broadening
contribute child-friendly, opportunities for
meaningfully to gender-sensitive, basic education
building the nation. safe, and motivating • Utilize technology
environment. in expanding reach
As a learner-centered
public institution,
 the Department of Teachers facilitate of basic education
Education learning and services
continuously constantly nurture
improves itself every learner. • Provide relevant
to better serve its instructional
stakeholders. Administrators and materials and
staff, as stewards of equipment
the institution, ensure • Improve quality of
an enabling and instruction and
supportive professional
environment for development of
effective learning to teachers
happen.

Family, community,
and other
stakeholders are
actively engaged and
share responsibility
for developing life-
long learners

CHAT/FORUM PARTICIPATION
Virtual Icebreaker Activity (VIA): SKETCH (required pen and paper). Instructions: Draw a picture
that represents you best as a teacher in 5 minutes. Hold it up to the and webcam and tell everyone
why and what about the drawing. Or simply post your drawing in the chatroom and explain further

Rose (flower) - I tend to understand

and feel my students’ emotions and
struggles in life, so I give them
some love and support that they are
looking for.
Thorn- If needed, I can be a strict
teacher
LESSON 2 - THE LEGAL BASES OF PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

ASSESSMENT/ACTIVITIES
Answers to the Guide Questions:
1. Why is it important for an educator to know and understand the legal bases of the Philippine
Education?
As an educator it is important to know and understand the legal bases of the Philippine
Education because according to Article 3 of the Civil Code of the Philippines “Ignorance of the
law excuses no one from compliance therewith”. Therefore, an individual who is oblivious of the
law may not escape the accountability for violating the law just by being unaware of its content.
Thus, these legal bases serve as guidelines of what we must and must not do to attain a well-
ordered and peaceful learning environment as they set the boundaries among the stakeholders
specifically the teachers who spend most of their time interacting directly with the students.
Moreover, when teachers truly understand their rights, it is then that we are capable of performing
our duties and functions well as members of the society.

ASSIGNMENT
2. Submission of a two-page essay (any one of the above topics where you explain how a certain
legal basis affected the present Philippine education landscape). Cite your references supporting
your essay.
The Philippine Constitution of 1987 Article XIV Sections 1-9: Education, Science and
Technology, Arts, Culture, and Sports.
Arie Selinger once said, “There is no reason to believe that there will be no development
or changes in the future.” There is always a room for improvement. As what we had before might
not be that efficient in our current situations. Progress is impossible without change. For an
instance, the Philippine education system has undergone several phases of development from the
pre-Spanish period up to the present. The objective of education has evolved over time from
teaching the children the fundamental skills such as hunting, farming, fishing etc. that would serve
them in later time to preparing them for the competitive nature of the workforce. How do these
changes happen?
Our current educational system, the Enhanced Basic Education widely known as K to 12,
has been shaped by different legal bases specifically from Article XIV of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution. In section 1 of Article XIV, it says, “The state shall protect and promote the right of
all citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such
education accessible to all.” Aligned with this, the K to 12 program is for all Filipino learners
regardless of their age, sex, ethnicity, religion, social, racial or geographic background. As an
evidence, DepEd Undersecretary Nepomuceno Malaluan said that there should be adaptation of
braille- tactile reading and writing system for those students who are visually impaired as
preparation for the distance learning approach during this new normal education. This undertaking
shows that we have an inclusive education wherein the students - no matter who they are - can
learn together in the same school by eradicating all hurdles that could constrain participation and
accomplishment of each individual. It simply indicates that there is a drastic paradigm shift in
education when in earliest days, children born with special needs were not given opportunities to
succeed in life through schooling.
Moreover, Section 5.1 declares that, “The state shall take into account regional and
sectoral needs and conditions and shall encourage local planning in development of educational
policies and programs. This provision introduces a piece of legislation that radically improved the
way of sustaining the community’s needs. Thus, one of the main features of the K to 12 is the
delivery of the lesson through contextualization and localization. It allows schools and institutions
to localize, indigenize and enhance their respective educational and social context. This process
relates learning content and resources to local information within the students’ environment and
culture. With this, students appreciate the lesson well because the context is relevant to their
experiences and real-life situations. This notion was created and adapted in the academe to make
the curriculum rejoins, fits, contemplates, and be flexible to the need of 21st century learners who
need to be holistically and skillfully developed.
In the news article written by Bernadette E. Tamayo (2021) mentioned that Sen. Sherwin
Gatchalian had sought an inquiry on the implementation of the Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual
Education (MTB-MLE) to address the poor school performance of learners where language plays
a significant factor. It indicates that learners can grasp the lesson proficiently if the medium of
instruction is based on their Mother Tongue or first language (L1). In a research conducted by Dr.
Balacano (2020) entitled, “Juan Tama, Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-
MLE) Storybooks: Their Effectiveness on Pupils’ Learning”, this study proves that pupils develop
literary appreciation, literacy, cognitive skills and master content material more easily when they
are taught in a familiar language.
 Finally, Section 5.4 asserts, “The State shall enhance the right of teachers to professional
advancement. Nonteaching academic and non-academic personnel shall enjoy the protection of
the State.” As with any profession, teachers ought to cultivate formidable identities as
professionals. It’s challenging to act like a professional when you don’t believe that you are
competent because you don’t have any idea how to address different hurdles in teaching students.
Thus, the DepEd is continuously conducting different education and training programs to ensure
constant upgrading of teachers’ skills and abilities to meet the students’ needs. For example, during
the Inservice training last May 2020, DepEd EduTech organized a training on different online
learning platforms such as Canva, Google Classroom, Pear deck, and Quizziz to equip the teachers
on how to conduct an interactive online class during this new normal education. Teacher’s
professionalism is also impacted by gain access to quality professional growth and development.
Therefore, the following changes and development in our educational system are
influenced by different legal bases. The main purpose of these laws is to achieve the mission and
vision of the Department of Education. Though, there are issues and challenges that the enhanced
basic education curriculum has been facing since it was executed, our government, together with
numerous educational advocates, has been continuously looking for ways to improve our
educational system to achieve inclusive growth and global competitiveness.

References:
https://www.rappler.com/nation/deped-says-students-with-special-needs-included-distance-
learning-preparations
https://www.manilatimes.net/2021/01/25/news/top-stories/gatchalian-pushes-mother-tongue-
education/832241/
https://knepublishing.com/index.php/KnE-Social/article/view/7577/13286.
CHAT/FORUM PARTICIPATION
Make a Blog to answer question “why it is important to understand the legal bases of Philippine
education system?” then add a link of any research article or news article showing a negative
consequence if a teacher was not able to follow policies/laws governing Philippine education
system. Tag at least 10 of your classmates to provide comments/reactions regarding your answer.
Send a print screen of your blog with comments to your subject specialist email address
https://eduignorantia.weebly.com/blog/why-it-is-important-to-understand-the-legal-bases-of-
philippine-education-system#comments