Prepared by Adam Loh

Chapter 1: Introduction to Scientific Investigation

1. Things in Laboratory
- Apparatus’ Drawing and Naming
- Hazardous Symbols

2. Physical Quantities
- Definition
- S.I Unit and their Measuring Instruments
- Conversion of Unit
- Vernier Calipers and Micrometer Screw Gauge

3. Accuracy, Consistency, Sensitivity and Errors

- Overview and Comparisons
a. Accuracy, Consistency and Sensitivity
b. Errors
- Estimations

4. Density
- Definition, Formula and Unit
- Density in daily life

5. Scientific Investigation
- Steps to memorise
- Period of pendulum

6. Chapter Review
- Mind Map
- Definitions

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1. Things in Laboratory
- Apparatus’ Drawing and Naming

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1. Add acid into alkaline in the conical flask using a burette

2. Heat strongly the calcium carbonate in a crucible.

3. Filter the mixture.

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- Hazardous Symbols

1. Poison/Toxic 有毒

2. Corrosive

3. Explosive

4. Flammable 易燃

5. Irritant 刺激

6. Radioactive

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2. Physical Quantities
- Definition
Quantities that can be ____________.

- S.I Unit and their Measuring Instruments

Base quantity S.I. Unit Symbol Measuring Instruments and Some
“Fun” Facts about it.
Length 1. Height of a human

2. Thickness of a book

3. Thickness of a thumbnail

Mass

mass vs weight
Definition of mass

Definition of weight

Time

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Temperature

Different-different units existing…

And their “usefulness”

Electric Current

Amount of mole mol

substance
Luminous Intensity candela cd

Measuring volume of water***

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- Conversion of Units
Prefix 字首 Actual Value Standard Form Symbol
Tera
Giga
Mega
Kilo
Deci
Centi
Milli
Micro
Nano
Pico

Exercise
Convert!
10 Ms = __________s 730 km = _________ Gm

9.9 kmol = __________mol 57200 mA = __________ nA

245 GK = __________ MK 89oC = _______ K

18000 mg = _________ kg 0K = _______oC

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-Vernier Calipers and Micrometer Screw Gauge

(Here comes the nightmare if you don’t get the technique)

Vernier caliper (1 L!!)

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- Micrometer Screw Gauge (-ER)

MSG Reading

Vernier Caliper Micrometer Screw Gauge

Accuracy /
Sensitivity

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3. Accuracy, Consistency, Sensitivity and Errors.

- Overview and Comparisons
a. Accuracy, Consistency, Sensitivity

Accuracy 准确性 Consistency 一致性 Sensitivity

Definition

Bull eyes nil

representation

A value is said to be accurate if it is closed to its actual/ true manufactured value.

A set of readings of data is said to be accurate if every readings are close to its
actual/true value

A value is said to be consistent if it is close to the repeated values.

A set of readings of data is said to be consistent if every readings are close to the
average value.
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b. Errors

Random Errors Systematic Errors

Definitions

Graphical
Representations

Examples

Ways to overcome

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- Estimations
Estimation of area of irregular shape object can be done by using a
_______________. And its unit is ____.

Estimation of volume of irregular shape object can be done by using

_______________________. And its unit is _____.
Apparatus needed:

4. Density
- Definition, Formula and Unit

Definition

Formula and Unit

- Density in Daily Life

The xxx is less/more dense than yyy.

Thus, xxx float/sink on/in yyy.

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5. Scientific Investigation
- Steps to remember

问题是什么

假设。。 what if…. 简单来说 “瞎猜”

变数性。。你要控制的东西

先讨论怎么做

才开始做

等什么？收集 data 啦

然后研究你的 data

来个总结

写报告

One complete oscillation

Period – time taken for the pendulum to complete one oscillation.

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Chapter Review
Definitions

Physical Quantities

Mass

Accuracy

Consistency

Sensitivity

Systematic Errors

Random Errors

Density

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